We present an 8-channel bioreactor array with integrated bioimpedance sensors, which enables perfusion culture of cells seeded onto porous 3D scaffolds. Results show the capability of the system for monitoring cell proliferation within the scaffolds through a culture period of 19 days. There is an increasing interest in the development of 3D tissue engineering systems for drug screening and organ development applications [1]. A significant challenge in this regard is the monitoring of cellular processes occurring within the scaffolds, particularly as traditional optical microscopic techniques are unsuitable for monitoring thick 3D constructs [2]. Impedance spectroscopy has been shown to be a powerful tool for non-invasively monitoring the electrical behavior of tissues and cell cultures [3]. Here we present the development of an 8-channel bioreactor array with embedded impedance sensors that enable real time monitoring of the proliferation of cells cultured on porous 3D scaffolds. The cell culture platform consists of a polycarbonate based array of 4 x 2 bioreactors, cell culture media and waste storage vials, an 8-channel micropump and a motor (Fig. 1a). Each bioreactor unit comprises of a chamber for holding a porous scaffold, and two 400 μm diameter platinum (Pt) wires for impedance sensing (Fig. 1b, c). Human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) were seeded onto porous polymer scaffolds (6 mm diameter and 5 mm high) with a seeding density of 2 x 10 cells/scaffold. The cell laden scaffolds were loaded into the bioreactors and culture media was perfused through them at a flow rate of 5 μL/min (corresponding to a media exchange in the bioreactor approximately every 18 minutes). Impedance measurements were carried out by applying a sinusoidal perturbation of 10 mV (rms) across the Pt electrodes in the frequency range spanning 10 Hz to 1 MHz. At the end of the cell culture period, the quantity of cells within the bioreactors was established by measuring the double stranded DNA content using the Quant-iTTM PicoGreen® dsDNA Reagent (P7581, Life Technologies). Fig. 2 [a] shows the measured impedance magnitude |Z| (at a frequency of 10 kHz) over the 19 day culture period for four bioreactors. There was an observed overall drop in impedance during the first three days of the experiment, which may correspond to the loss of cells that have not attached to the scaffold (following seeding) due to perfusion of media. This was followed by a net increase in measured impedance over time in all cases. *Research financially supported by the EU-funded project NanoBio4Trans (grant no. 304842) All authors work at the Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark. Tel: +45 45 25 63 24; e-mail: email@example.com Figure 1. [a] Cell culture platform with array of 4 x 2 perfusable bioreactors, [b] magnified view of bioreactor with integrated Pt based bioimpedance sensing electrodes, [c] Schematic of single bioreactor unit. Figure 2. [a] |Z| at 10 kHz vs. time over a cell culture period of 19 days, [b] Cell number in each bioreactor at the end of the 19 day culture period. Fig. 2[b] shows the total cell count in each bioreactor at the end of the culture period, which demonstrates the correlation between cell density and measured impedance. Further investigations are currently underway to characterize the distribution of cells within the scaffold in order to assess its impact on the measured impedance.


IDEAS ABOUT A WORLD STATE with an international police force have been put forward by democrat and communist alike in a world where communications techniques are obliterating the distance between the ends of the earth. People in the remotest places now share the benefits and disadvantages of modem science, yet their instinctive reaction to the World State idea is often a revival of intense nationalism!


The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the paintings of the amateur artist of the period of socialist realism Mykola Bezdilny and to draw parallels with the professional art of the 1970s and 1980s. Methodology. Methods of systematization, art analysis, historical and comparative methods are applied. The scientific novelty is to identify the influence of centralized creative structures of the second half of the twentieth century for the self-realization of artists who acquired creative skills in their own way. In particular, the figure of the artist Mykola Bezdilny was chosen for the analysis as a bright representative of the amateur Ternopil region, who showed the ability to admire not only different genres and types of fine arts but also constantly analyze other interpretations of the painting, "try", "move" in technical and philosophical and aesthetic terms. The obtained results are important for further research of the problems of amateur and amateur fine arts in Ukraine. Conclusions. It is determined that M. Bezdilny, as a bright representative of socialist-realist amateur art, reached a high level of painting due to systematic work and interaction with professional painting. It focused on the true essence of the work, its depth, the transfer of harmony of nature, rather than the external beauty of the picture. Against the background of features that are characteristic of the work of many amateur artists and amateurs revealed a clear tendency of M. Bezdilny to his favorite plot, composition, constant change of sound of paint, attempts at impressionistic dynamic brushstroke, and complex color.


This paper makes a qualitatice analysis for a class of cubic systems with(a0,n4) of the form {x′=-y+δx-ny3+Lx3=P(x,y)(1)y′=x+ax3=Q(x,y).(2) and gives sufficient conditions for the existence,uniqueness and nonexistence of limit cycles for such systems.


This paper details how the Linux kernel manages interrupts on the x86 platform and explains threaded interrupt handling, as used in the real-time Linux kernel. Threaded interrupt handling has been troubled by interactions with some hardware mechanisms since its introduction in real-time Linux. For that reason we describe mechanisms, sometimes called "boot interrupts", that route interrupts coming from secondary buses to the primary interrupt controller in the system, when the system is considered to use the legacy interrupt controller (PIC). These boot interrupts are responsible for unexpected interrupts on many systems that actually use non-legacy interrupt controllers (APICs) when interrupts are handled in threaded mode. Solutions on how to make boot interrupts disappear on many chipsets are presented.


A collection of papers on galaxy distances and deviations from universal expansion is presented. Individual topics addressed include: new results on the distance scale and the Hubble constant, Magellanic Clouds and the distance scale, CCD observations of Cepheids in nearby galaxies, distances using A supergiant stars, infrared calibration of the Cepheid distance scale, two stepping stones to the Hubble constant, physical models of supernovae and the distance scale, 21 cm line widths and distances of spiral galaxies, infrared color-luminosity relations for field galaxies, minimizing the scatter in the Tully-Fisher relation, photometry of galaxies and the local peculiar motion, elliptical galaxies and nonuniformities in the Hubble flow, and large-scale anisotropy in the Hubble flow. Also discussed are: improved distance indicator for elliptical galaxies, anisotropy of galaxies detected by IRAS, the local gravitational field, measurements of the CBR, measure of cosmological times, ages from nuclear cosmochronology, extragalactic gas at high redshift, supercluster infall models, Virgo infall and the mass density of the universe, dynamics of superclusters and Omega(0), distribution of galaxies versus dark matter, peculiar velocities and galaxy formation, cosmological shells and blast waves.


Systematic calculations of low-lying states for Ir, Pt, Au, Hg and Tl isotopes with neutron numbers between 120 and 125 have been performed within the framework of the SDG-pair approximation of the shell model. We employ a monopole and quadrupole pairing plus quadrupole–quadrupole-type interaction with optimized parameters, which are assumed to be constants for nuclei with the same proton number or neutron number. We calculate binding energies of the ground states, low energy level schemes, electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole moments, and E2 transition rates. Our results are reasonably consistent with the available experimental data as well as previous theoretical studies, in particular, for low-lying yrast states. We also demonstrate that low-lying states of nuclei studied here are usually well represented by very simple configurations in collective nucleon-pair basis.


Elements As far as the abstract dimension is concerned, the following elements are the most important: • They are dynamic: The nature of the relationships between the IT department and its end users will, among other things, depend upon the type of end user, as well as upon regarding the end user as a huto end users, the IT professional should always bear in mind their concerns, problems, environment, and responsibilities in terms of opportunities for IT services and support. Furthermore, he says, continuous contact with end users gives IT the opportunity to gain more insight into their problems. • They are sensitive to change: Because of the social nature of relationships, any form of change initiated on either the IT or the end-user side may disturb a relationship. It is argued that any kind of change having an effect on any of the elements of both the physical and abstract dimensions of a relationship will in fact disturb the relationship because of its holistic nature, which will be described later. • They have a knowledge base: The complex world of perceptions, attitudes, and approaches toward developing software products by IT professionals for the end user forces us to a point where it can be said that in order to overcome the most serious problems during this communication process in a relation-ship, a knowledge base of some kind is required before entering a relationship. • They have a supportive culture: In order for a relationship to be sound, continuous support and mutual understanding, among other things, need to be ele4 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/chapter/alignment-sound-relationships-slasupport/13561?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Books, InfoSci-Knowledge Management, Business-Technology-Solution, Library Science, Information Studies, and Education, InfoSci-Library and Information Science, InfoSci-Select, InfoSciSelect, InfoSci-Select. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/library-recommendation/?id=1


In March 1902, Sir George F. Still gave a series of three Goulstonian lectures to the Royal College of Physicians in London, the first of which is produced here by kind permission of the Lancet. Still's aim in these lectures was to propose that 'an abnormal defect of moral control' could be identified in some children, whether or not the child is of low intelligence. In Victorian times, when low intelligence/ mental retardation was widely believed to be linked to a more fundamental trait of moral inferiority and degeneration, to make such a proposal was innovative. Still explores his theory with close reference to a large volume of case material collected over a considerable period and here presented in a structured and organized fashion. Indeed, one of the most striking features of the paper is the vivid and descriptive power Still applies to his clinical observations of child behaviour and (what we now call) temperament [1]. In presenting and exploring empirical evidence of his theory in this way, he shows himself to have been an enlightened, entertaining and reforming natural scientist, albeit at some points in the narrative seemingly evidencing mainstream eugenic beliefs of that time, which are quite unacceptable today. In studying this paper, questions began to form in my mind. How would we understand, diagnose, classify or otherwise label the children he describes, today? Is Still here endeavouring to identify psychopathic personality disorder in childhood or at least its temperamental precursors? [2]. Or is his work more relevant to our thinking on disorders such as autism/pervasive developmental disorder or other conditions in which social and inter-personal difficulties arise in childhood, such as ADHD? What is he saying about aetiology—and what would he say about today's debates concerning the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences upon childhood psychosocial adjustment? [3]. Or is his way of thinking so different from ours today, such that these questions do not arise? In all of this, we need to start by considering Still himself, his life and work and the influences which were shaping his thinking. Sir George F. Still (1868–1941) was the first Professor of Paediatrics at King's College/University of London and is recognized as the first full time Paediatrician to have been appointed to the Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital: the doctors appointed prior to his arrival there having been General Physicians. His most celebrated contribution to medicine resulted from his paper 'On a form of chronic joint disease in children' [4], which came to be known as 'Still's Disease'—the name now given to a type of juvenile chronic arthritis in


A number of academic staff had previously used an asynchronous environment to deliver learning modules housed within a learning management system (LMS) but had not used synchronous software with their students. To enhance the learning environment and to provide high quality learning experiences to students learning at a distance, the adoption of synchronous software (Elluminate Live) was introduced. This software is a real-time virtual classroom environment that allows for communication through Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and videoconferencing, along with a large number of collaboration tools to engage learners. This research paper reports on the integration of a live e-learning solution into the current LMS environment. Qualitative data were collected from academic staff through informal interviews and participant observation. The findings discuss (i) perceived level of support; (ii) identification of strategies used to create an effective online teacher presence; (iii) the perceived impact on the students" learning outcomes; and (iv) guidelines for professional development to enhance pedagogy within the live e-learning environment.


A hybrid data acquisition system was developed for magnetic measurement of superconducting accelerator magnets at LBNL. It consists of a National In-struments dynamic signal acquisition (DSA) card and two Metrolab fast digital integrator (FDI) cards. The DSA card records the induced voltage signals from the rotating probe while the FDI cards records the flux increment integrated over a certain angular step. This allows the comparison of the measurements performed with two cards. In this note, the setup and test of the system is summarized. With a probe rotating at a speed of 0.5 Hz, the multipole coefficients of two magnets were measured with the hybrid system. The coefficients from the DSA and FDI cards agree with each other, indicating that the numerical integration of the raw voltage acquired by the DSA card is comparable to the performance of the FDI card in the current measurement setup.


Background: Rumination, a tendency to focus on negative self-related thoughts, is a central symptom of depression. Studying the self-related aspect of such symptoms is challenging due to the need to distinguish self effects per se from the emotional content of task stimuli. This study employs an emotionally neutral self-related paradigm to investigate possible altered self processing in depression and its link to rumination. Methods: People with unipolar depression (MDD; n = 25) and controls (n = 25) underwent task-based EEG recording. Late event-related potentials were studied along with low frequency oscillatory power. EEG metrics were compared between groups and correlated with depressive symptoms and reported rumination. Results: The MDD group displayed a difference in late potentials across fronto-central electrodes between self-related and non-self-related conditions. No such difference was seen in controls. The magnitude of this difference was positively related with depressive symptoms and reported rumination. MDD also had elevated theta oscillation power at central electrodes in self-related conditions, which was not seen in controls. Conclusions: Rumination appears linked to altered self-related processing in depression, independently of stimuli-related emotional confounds. This connection between self-related processing and depression may point to self-disorder being a core component of the condition.


The invention relates to pile foundation construction, in particular to a pile sinking method. The pile sinking method for controlling pile group floating comprises the steps that a construction order of firstly column foundation pile driving, secondly equipment foundation pile driving and finally floor pile driving is adopted, and large-area floor piles are driven from inside to outside, from near to far, every other rows and symmetrically to enable the soil layer to be as compact and uniform as possible; in the pile group driving process, the pipe driving number is controlled to be no more than 30 within every 1000 m every day, and the pile sinking speed is controlled at 1 m/min; a screw-rod drilling machine is adopted to form 40 holes by evenly taking soil every 10000 m , the soil taking hole diameter is 500 mm, and the soil taking depth h is larger than 10 m and smaller than 15 m; 10% of observing piles are arranged, the observing frequency is determined according to the pile driving condition around the observing piles, and a pile tip elevation change curve is drawn to supply a reference basis to the subsequent soil-taking hole forming number and the hole forming depth. According to the pile sinking method for controlling pile group floating, the pile floating phenomenon is effectively restrained, and the cost is low.


N doped TiO 2 films were deposited in direct current pulsed magnetron sputtering system at room temperature. We have studied the influence of O 2 flow rate on the crystal structure of deposited films by using stylus profilometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, X-ray diffractometer, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the growth behavior and crystal structure of N doped TiO 2 film is dominated by the O 2 flow rate. It was found that the chemical stiochiometry is close to TiO 1.68±0.06 N 0.11±0.01 for all film samples, in which the N mainly exists in substitutional doped state. When O 2 flow rate is 2 sccm (1 sccm=1 mL/min), N doped TiO 2 film has amorphous structure with high growth rate, which contains both anatase phase and rutile phase crystal nucleuses. In this case, the film displays the mix-phase of anatase and rutile and the band gap is 2.86eV after annealing treatment. The film growth rate decreases with increasing O 2 flow rate. After annealing treatment, the band gap of N doped TiO 2 films decreases with increasing O 2 flow rate. While N doped TiO 2 film is anatase phase when O 2 flow rate is 12sccm. In this case, the band gap is 3.2eV after annealing treatment. It should be noticed that no TiN phase appears for all samples before and after annealing treatment.


Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of testosterone and cognitive functions in elderly male patients,and to discuss the probable mechanism.Methods Eighty-seven elderly male patients were divided into two groups according to the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) scores: impaired cognitive functions group(n=39) and normal cognitive functions control group(n=48).Serum testosterone and estradiol concentration of all the patients were measured by radioimmunological method.Furthermore,the patients in impaired cognitive functions group were given a battery of common cognitive tests to evaluate cognitive functions in detail.Results There were significant differences between two groups in testosterone,estradiol concentrations as well as age(P0.05),and the testosterone concentration was more significantly associated with poor cognitive performance(P0.01).Testosterone levels especially influenced the functions of spatial abilities and attention(Block Design test r=0.752,P0.01;Digit span test r=0.690,P0.01;Graphic rotation test r=0.548,P0.05;Trail making test-B r=0.572,P0.05),even when age and estradiol factor excluded.Conclusion Serum testosterone level had a selective relationship with cognitive functions in elderly male patients;it mainly affected spatial abilities and attention,which did not involve with estradiol.


The histopathological diagnosis of MF is challenging, and there is significant overlap with benign inflammatory processes. Clinical features may be relevant in the assessment of skin biopsies.


The study was carried out to determine the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on the performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera were harvested and sundried for four days and milled. Two hundred broilers chickens (Anak strain) were randomly allotted to five treatment groups. Each group was replicated four times at 10 birds per replicate. MOLM was incorporated into the broiler starter and finisher diets at 0% , 5%, 10% 15% and 20% levels respectively. Feed intake values at the starter phase were significantly (P<0.05) different across the groups of birds, but similar (P>0.05) at the finisher phase. The weight gain (WG) was statistically similar (P>0.05) at the starter phase but significantly (P<0.05) different at the finisher phase, with birds fed with 15% MOLM based diet having the highest WG. The feed conversion ratio of the birds were similar (P>0.05) at the starter phase, but differed (P<0.05) at the finisher phase. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed the control diet and 15% MOLM.. Higher (P<0.05) crude protein digestibility was obtained in birds fed control diet and 15% MOLM. Carcass characteristics showed higher significant (P<0.05) values of dressing percentage in birds fed control diet and 15% MOLM. Lower values of breast, wings, and abdominal fat were obtained in birds fed with 10% and 20%% MOLM. Overall, the best significant improvement in the response indices were obtained in birds fed 15% MOLM.


In this contribution we summarize some of our recent results about the matching of collapsing inhomogeneous dust-filled spacetimes to vacuum static exteriors with a negative cosmological constant in planar or hyperbolic symmetry. This models gravitational collapse to toroidal or higher genus asymptotically AdS black holes.


Abstract Third order rate constants have been determined for the alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl phenyl- and benzyl alkyl phenyl-phosphonium salts (1) and (2) in aqueous methanol and aqueous tetrahydrofuran. The hydrolyses in the low polarity medium containing tetrahydrofuran are faster than those performed in aqueous methanol of higher polarity. The differences in rate between the two solvent systems are very large when there are no, or few, ethyl groups bound to phosphorus but decreases markedly as ethyl groups replace phenyl groups. This trend is not dependent on the nature of the leaving group. The replacement of a phenyl group by a benzyl group not only increases the rates of hydrolysis in both solvent systems, but it also accentuates the difference in rates between the two media.


For the last decades, GIS software technologies have made tremendous development and applied to many special fields when their targets are relevant to geographical locations. But the basis of cartographic mapping of GIS is a restriction for more development in GIS data modelling, storage and manipulation. Recently, much attention is being paid on ORDBMS(Object Relational Database Management System) to represent and manage GIS Data. New approaches have earned acceptance in many research communities and several proposals have emerged in commercial software for solving the management and manipulation on GIS vector data. Though the storage and management of field-based model data(e.g. raster, DEM, TIN) have got less achievement and people still use files and procedural ways to manipulation field-based GIS data in common applications. In this paper a new structure model using ORDBMS technology for field-based data's storage and management was proposed on the basis of full discussion on several GIS data management technologies, then a problem-oriented approach for DEM data management and manipulation was designed and implemented through open source software systems PostgreSQL and Python language. Experimental examples of different DEM data souces were stored, managed and used by using the extended spatial database system. The experiments illustrated that this solution would be a useful supplement to spatial database and it provided an effective way to DEM data management and analysis, and support the interoperability between vector data and field data.


Abstract Background The delayed effect of radiofrequency (RF) ablation was described in cases of accessory pathway and premature ventricular contraction ablation, as well as delayed atrioventricular (AV) block after slow pathway ablation. Case summary We report a case of a female patient with AV nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT), in whom the first electrophysiology study ended with acute failure of slow pathway ablation, despite using long steerable sheath, both right and left-sided ablation with >15 min of RF energy application and repeatedly achieving junctional rhythm. Six weeks afterwards, during scheduled three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping procedure, there was no proof of dual AV nodal conduction nor could the tachycardia be induced. Also, the patient did not have palpitations between the two procedures nor during the 12-month follow-up period. Discussion This case illustrates that watchful waiting for delayed RF ablation efficacy in some cases of AVNRT ablation could be reasonable, in order to reduce the risk of complications associated with slow pathway ablation.


The effects of Co60 gamma radiation on arylesterase and cholinesterase of human blood plasma were compared using solid preparations of purified enzymes containing various amounts of water. In the case of cholinesterase a water content of 12% exerted maximum protection against irradiation. Such a protection by water was not observed with arylesterase. Finally, in aqueous solutions cholinesterase was more resistant to irradiation by gamma rays than was arylesterase when irradiation was performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen.


Lebanon's mile-long town green, said to be the second largest in New England, is deservedly listed on the National Register of Historic Places. With a rich 300-year history, the green is one of Connecticut's unrivaled gems. So perhaps it's surprising that this peaceful place recently found itself at the center of two lawsuits. The legal question for Connecticut courts to decide is who owns the green.


The 750kV substation is 750kV Northwest UHV grid hub,its operation state affects the stability of the entire power grid.The noise of the main equipment in substation can reflect the running state of the equipment,and has great impact on the staff and its surrounding environment.This article mainly introduces the characteristics and mechnisms of main noise source of750kV substation,which provides a theoretical basis for further research on noise research and its prevention.


Remote care is an alternative to standard care for patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and may facilitate accurate and timely management of disease. However, there is limited knowledge on factors related to the patients' willingness to use remote care.To assess the willingness to use remote care among patients with axSpA and compare characteristics of patients at different levels of such willingness.We used baseline data from a randomised controlled trial on remote care of axSpA (ReMonit). Patients with a clinical axSpA diagnosis fulfilling ASAS-criteria for axSpA, treated with TNFi and with low disease activity (ASDAS<2.1) were recruited at a single outpatient clinic. Years since diagnosis were retrieved from medical records, and self-reported education and work status. Willingness to use remote care was measured by scoring the statement "I want to use remote care" using a 4-point Likert scale (strongly disagree – strongly agree). Patients were then divided into three groups (disagree/agree/strongly agree) based on their willingness to use remote care. eHealth Literacy was measured using three scales of the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) using a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree – 4=strongly agree, 4=best score). Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI, 0-10, 0=best score), and a single item from the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) Questionnaire scored 0-10, 0=best score) were used to measure self-reported physical function. Differences between groups on baseline characteristics were assessed using Kruskal Wallis tests with Dunn's post-hoc test.242 patients were included, mean age 43 years (SD 11.7) and 75 % male. Most patients were willing to use remote care (strongly agree: 53.3%, agree: 43.0% and disagree: 3.7%). Descriptive and comparative analyses between groups show a trend toward younger males with higher education and full-time employment being more willing to use remote care. Moreover, patients with higher willingness to use remote care had good physical function, fewer years since axSpA diagnosis and high eHealth literacy (Table 1).Nearly all patients included in this trial of remote care of axSpA wanted to use remote care. Significant differences in baseline characteristics were revealed between the three groups according to their willingness to use remote care. However, precaution must be taken due to a small number of participants in the "disagree"-group.Table 1.Sample characteristics grouped by willingness to use remote careStatement: "I want to use remote care"Disagree (n=9)Agree (n=104)Strongly agree (n=129)Age, mean (SD)50.1 (16.1)45.2 (11.7)$41.5 (11.1)Males, n (%)7 (77.8)77 (74.0)98 (75.9)Education level1, n (%)Primary school2 (22.2)3 (3.0)3 (2.3)High school1 (11.1)19 (18.4)18 (14.0)University level6 (66.6)81 (78.6)108 (83.7)Work status, n (%)Full time5 (55.6)80 (77)109 (84.5)Age retired1 (11.1)5 (4.8)4 (3.1)Disability benefit1 (11.1)4 (3.8)4 (3.1)Other22 (22.2)15 (14.4)12 (9.3)Years since axSpA diagnosis, mean (SD)19.7 (19.9)14.9 (10.4)13 (9.7)BASFI, mean (SD)1 (1.5)0.9 (0.9)$0.5 (0.9)WPAI Item 6, mean (SD)1.7 (1.5)†1.2 (1.4)$0.7 (1.1)eHLQ Scale 13, mean (SD)2.8 (0.8)†2.9 (2.9)$3.5 (3.5)eHLQ Scale 34, mean (SD)3.0 (0.8)†3.2 (0.4)$3.8 (0.2)eHLQ Scale 55, mean (SD)2.5 (0.6)†2.9 (0.4)$3.6 (3.6)$: Significant difference (p=<0.05) between Agree and Strongly agree, †: Significant difference (p=<0.05) between Strongly Agree and Disagree,1n=241 due to 1 missing,2Other: receiving social benefits, on sick leave, student/housekeeping, part time work and unemployed,3Using technology to process health information,4Ability to actively engage with digital services,5Motivated to engage with digital services,6Ability to perform daily activities, BASFI: Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index; eHLQ: eHealth literacy Questionnaire, WPAI: Work Productivity and Activity Impairment,NIL.NIL.None Declared.


The progression of students to eventual professorships is called "the pipeline," and reductions of women in academe at successive stages are referred to as "leaks" (van Anders 511). The academic "pipeline" is blocked and leaking. Female scholars continue to experience systemic barriers related to combining career and family (van Anders 512; Fogg NA). Women are citing: (a) quality of life issues, (b) institutional climate problems, and (c) barriers to advancement, all of which result in them leaving the academic workforce (Hult 1; O'Laughlin and Bischoff 79; van Anders 511; Wells C3). As a consequence of these and other factors, women continue to be underrepresented among the nation's faculty. According to a report by the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), women made up 24% of full professors at all institutions nationwide in 2005-2006 (Banerji 27). At the institution where I teach, less than 18% of the full professors are female (Institutional Planning and Analysis). Behind these statistics and general trends are individuals. Each has her own story. I am sharing with you some of my experiences in order to illuminate obstacles facing professors who have dual commitments to work and care-giving, By reflecting on these obstacles, some of which are organizational, one gains more insight into possibilities and new opportunities for change. When I was a child, I would go to the university with my father and I would draw on the chalkboard while he worked in his office. He was a professor from a generation of men who had a strong work ethic, and he passed those values on to me. He also taught me how to overcome challenges. But sometimes life's challenges come in rapid succession. It is important to reflect on life events, and in some circumstances it may even be important to put aside a strong work ethic, which no doubt you will recognize in this commentary. Allow me to explain. In 2004, my father was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and was given less than a year to live. He was stoic about it, but the realization that I was losing my dad was heart-wrenching, and I spent much of the year experiencing anticipatory grief. Nonetheless, I taught my university classes dutifully and I flew home only when classes were on break. On my last visit home, in an uncharacteristic whisper of a voice, he told me that I had brought him much joy. He hoped that I too would have a family someday. At the time I was thirty-six years old. I had worked hard to achieve my position of tenured associate professor, and like so many women who pursue higher education and careers in academe, I was childless. It is noteworthy that women on the tenure track are more likely than men to avoid marriage, delay parenting, or limit the number of children they raise (Drago C3). Female professors are even less likely to have children than female physicians or lawyers (Wilson A12). It saddened me to know that I had waited too long and that my father would never know his grandchild. After my father's death, I decided to apply for a "difference in pay" leave for the following year, which was subsequently granted. This would enable me to work on a research project about communication during serious illnesses such as cancer. I was still teaching when I learned I was pregnant. At the time, I prided myself for planning a leave of absence, and, additionally, for putting my name on the waitlist early for the University Children's Center. (I naively believed that I would be at the top of the waitlist by the time I returned from my leave, which would be more than a year later.) Unfortunately, during my routine twenty-week ultrasound the doctor discovered a suspicious walnut sized growth on my left ovary. A biopsy would be too dangerous because of the risk of inducing premature labor. I made the difficult decision to postpone surgery and I continued teaching throughout my pregnancy until the school year ended. …


A novel output-based evaluation technique by employing statistical pattern classification to imitate subjects behavior in a subjective listening-opinion test was developed. The subjects in a listening test do in fact perform a quality pattern classification process in terms of their perception of the speech signal. The process of a listening test, the subjects listen only to the output speech signal of the system under test, not hear the original input signal. The results show the ability of proposed method to predict speech quality scores without any reference signal.


-Adhesion, crosslinked gel body for medical skin application, comprising a cross-linked polymeric basic structure with additives and at least one, applied to the side facing to the skin-side detachable cover of a thin sheet material which is perforated at a defined number of geometrically distributed points, to the openings formed by the perforations crater-shaped, pointing in the direction of the gel body projections are arranged, which form with the gel body an anchor, and the cover on the side facing the gel body side, to detachment from that immediately prior to application on the skin, repellent with a acting layer is provided, which ensures easy removal of the cover without destruction of the gel body.


Andrzej Wajda has often taken up the topic of loneliness. In the screen adaptation of "Tatarak" (2009) he showed the loneliness of a married couple in the face of death and serious illness. The director used two stories: "Tatarak" by J. Iwaszkiewicz and "The sudden call" by S. Marai. The most important plot of the film is the private confession of the actress Krystyna Janda, who had recently lost her husband. In the analysis of the film by Wajda the philosophical concept mimesis may be used . Paul Ricoeur in "Time and Narration" claims that mimesis is not a homogeneous category and distinguishes three variations of it. Behind the three types of mimesis of "Tatarak," lie different meanings of loneliness. In mimesis III two worlds overlap: the world of the artist and the world of the audience. Janda's narration leads to an active understanding of what the experience of loss and loneliness is and crystallizes it. The story about loss and loneliness is also a form of therapy for her.


The museum have the vision to become a media with the message and knowledge to share with a visitor. The vision of museum could be knowledge of museums representing national identity, culture, history, or biography of a public figures. The representation from one of a famous figure in Indonesia could we see in museum called Museum H.M. Soeharto. These articles aim to discover how the museum will work on Sang Bapak's representation in the museum's narration which are shown not only by a very lengthy text display but also on the attribute or object that scattered around in the museum's yard. A whole object collection in museum will work based from the vision and aim of the museum. In the museum context, it called musealisation. It means that all the object collections are separated from their social context in real life then it enters the context of the museum so it will work based from the story or vision that made by what curator want and re-create the hero's narration of Soeharto.


Apache Spark's capabilites offer new possibilities to make software systems more scalable and
reliable. The framework can be used to improve old network visibility platforms. Previously,
these systems used to be run in a single node, and used Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
techniques to classify the network flows. Deep Packet Inspection methods have a high
computational cost so this limited the systems to a lower performance. Classifiers were
forced to sample the input data in order to be able to process it in realtime, which caused
important loss of information.
This project makes use of Spark's innovative features to create a distributed and fault tolerant
platform that can analyse much more flows per second using Machine Learning to achieve a
high precision and accuracy at a low computational cost.


The 16th People Congress's report proposes new ideas about the admission of members from the people of the new social level. The article analyzes the reasons why these people do not possess strong wishes to join the parly and argues that four aspects of work should be done.


In this letter, we discuss the design, fabrication, and high-frequency characterization of black phosphorous (BP)based field-effect transistors (FETs) and their circuit applications. We demonstrate BP radio frequency (RF) FETs with an extrinsic transit frequency ~3 GHz and an extrinsic maximum oscillation frequency ~7 GHz. We also demonstrate various BP FET-based RF circuits working in the megahertz range for the first time. We show the design and simulation of BP-based RF amplifier using experimentally obtained scattering parameters, operating at gigahertz frequency with substantial gain. The experimental and simulation results reveal the major performance bottlenecks of these circuits and place BP FET as a promising device candidate for future thin-film nanoelectronic RF systems.


Civilian control of the military is central to the making of security policy, ensuring that civilian officials and the elected leaders that appoint them oversee and decide military affairs. This paper exposes a challenge to civilian control in the United States that originates in the disparaging attitudes military personnel hold toward civilian society. We argue that when military personnel view military culture as superior, they are more likely to view civilian political leaders as illegitimate and in turn to favor actions that undermine civilian control. We develop a typology of civilian control in which military officers can constrain, contest and limit civilian authority. Our empirical analysis provides strong and consistent evidence of the corrosive effects of military superiority on civilian control across three surveys of U.S. military personnel: the 1998-99 TISS survey of 2901 military officers, a 2014 YouGov of 275 veterans, and an original 2020 survey of 770 West Point cadets.


The occurrence of Melampsorella Cerastii Wint in Eastern Sayan mountains, metameric shoots variability and peculiarities of seed productivity are studied for Abies sibirica Ldb. affected by Melampsorella cerastii Wint. The tendency of decreasing the biometrical parameters of shoots and needles, reduction of seed productivity of macrostrobiles is marked.


The paper applies the entropy coefficient to the risk analysis of engineering project's investment.And we have discussed the entropy coefficient application study in the analytical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of entropy coefficient especially,and through charge example prove superiority and wide application prospect of this method.


The molecule of the title compound 12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-3',6', 18-trioxo-5'α-(phenylmethyl)ergotamanium tartrate bis(ethanol) solvate, C 33 H 36 N 5 O 5 + .0.5C 4 H 4 O 6 2− .2C 2 H 6 O, consists of two different substituted polycyclic systems connected by an amide linkage. The partial double-bond character of the C16−N3 amide bond results in conformational rigidity of the molecule. The ergotamine C, F and G rings have regular envelope conformations and the D ring possesses a predominant half-chair conformation. An intramolecular O5−HO5...O1 hydrogen bond was found in the structure. The ergotamine and tartrate molecules are joined together through N2−HN2...O6(x, y+1, z) and N3−HN3...O8(− x, − y + 1, z) hydrogen bonds


Abstract.The characteristics of Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model based oncontextual teachingare reviewing, developing, excercise control, individual excercise, and project. The research aimsto know the process and result of development of learning materialsof Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) Learning Model based on Contextual For Cube and Cuboid Topic At Eight Grade Of Junior High School in Second Semester. Learning materialsdevelopment model refers to 4D Thiagarajan models. This research has product namely lesson plan, student book, worksheet, and evaluation test. Based on validation process and tryout the learning sets can be concluded that the learning sets had been appropriate with validate, practice, and effective criteria.

Key Words:Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) Learning Model,Contextual, Cube and Cuboid.


More articles have been written about the First Amendment's Religion Clauses than perhaps any other phrase in the Bill of Rights. The reason for such breadth of scholarship is that nearly everyone has an opinion on religion's place in society. The typical debates are whether the government should stay completely out of religious affairs, the extreme bound of the Establishment Clause, or should take pains to "accommodate" religion, thereby ensuring the freedom of religion through the "Free Exercise" Clause. Currently, this topic is widely unresolved, in large part due to the Supreme Court's waffling on the issue. For example, currently allowed under the Clauses are laws affording a "uniform benefit" to religion (i.e., an exemption from a statutory ban on religious discrimination in employment), while laws that draw "denominational preferences" - laws that distinguish among religions - are subject to the highest constitutional standard of review. The Court's lack of a clear doctrine on these issues means that the First Amendment guarantee of religious freedom is something less than a reliable source of protection for Americans. Non-adherents are unprotected by the Religion Clauses. Currently, the rights for freedom of religious exercise (which includes the right not to exercise any religion) of non-adherents under the Religion Clauses are completely unprotected, while those of religious individuals are protected as the fundamental rights they are. This unequal treatment deprives a large section of the population from the protection afforded all Americans under the First Amendment.The origin of the current problem in Religion Clauses jurisprudence is the Court's holding in Larson v. Valente. This decision based its reasoning on a manipulation of precedent, which artificially narrowed the Establishment Clause proscription of laws that favor religion in any way, whether uniformly or with respect to a single denomination or sect. The result of Larson, combined with its affirmance five years later in Amos, has completely eviscerated the First Amendment guarantee of free exercise for individuals who do not belong to any organized religion.This Note urges that the Supreme Court reverse the decision in Larson and apply a uniform standard of scrutiny to all groups whose rights are affected by violations of the Religion Clauses.


Layered semiconductors show promise as channel materials for field-effect transistors (FETs). Usually, such devices incorporate solid back or top gate dielectrics. Here, we explore de-ionized (DI) water as a solution top gate for field-effect switching of layered semiconductors including SnS2, MoS2, and black phosphorus. The DI water gate is easily fabricated, can sustain rapid bias changes, and its efficient coupling to layered materials provides high on-off current ratios, a near-ideal sub-threshold swing, and enhanced shortchannel behavior even for FETs with thick, bulk-like channels. Screening by the high-k solution gate eliminates hysteresis due to surface and interface trap states and substantially enhances the field-effect mobility. The onset of water electrolysis sets the ultimate limit to DI water gating at large negative gate bias. Measurements in this regime show promise for aqueous sensing, demonstrated here by the amperometric detection of glucose in aqueous solution. DI water gating of layered semiconductors can be harnessed in research on novel materials and devices, and it may with further development find broad applications in microelectronics and sensing.


Objectives:Obesity has been linked to various psychological problems as well as medical complications, especially among adolescents. Previous studies have suggested an association between body weight and depression or self-esteem ; however, there has been little evidence on self-perception of weight and mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the association of perceptional weight status with mental health in Korean adolescents. Methods:This study was based on data obtained from the third Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2005). The study sample consisted of 583 adolescents (268 boys, 315 girls) aged 12-18 years, who had completed the health survey, the health examination, and the nutritional survey. Participants were divided into two groups based on the actual or perceptional weight status: non-obese and obese. Questionnaires for stress, depressive mood, and suicidal thoughts were utilized as mental health indicators. Results:The agreement between actual and perceptional weight status was moderate (κ value, 0.585 ; p Conclusion:An experience of depressive mood was significantly associated with the perception of weight status and not actual weight status in Korean female adolescents.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sources of economic growth in Japan and to compare the results with those in the U.S. and Europe as studied by E. F. Denison. The method used by Denison is followed as far as possible. The character of this paper is of fact finding, and the interpretation of results or the originality of methodology is not dealt with here. The results may be summarized as follows.

(1) Japan's growth rate is two times that of Europe and three times that of the United States.

(2) The contributions of labor, capital, and the residual to economic growth are all higher for Japan than for the U.S. or Europe.

(3) Factors which account for the higher contribution of labor to economic growth are (a) the higher rate of increase in employment, (b) less shortening of working hours, and (c) improved age and sex composition.

(4) Factors which account for the higher contribution of capital to economic growth are a higher rate of increase in capital input and the high elasticity of production with respect to capital.

(5) Other notable points include: (a) the contribution of education is lower for Japan; (b) the capital-labor ratio in Japan increased remarkably; (c) capital's share of national income is higher; and (d) 60% of Japan's economic growth is accounted for by the residual.


When it comes to reaching people and growing churches, what works in one locale doesn't necessarily work in another. Watch this inspiring video to discover how two Foursquare churches in the Northeast Atlantic District have effectively engaged their communities with incarnational ministry.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 5.2 million people in the US. The disease is characterized by the presence of "Tau Tangles", which is the aggregation of the protein Tau. The Tau protein is expressed in the nervous system and helps stabilize microtubules, which help establish cell shape and serve as tracks for neuronal transport. The Tau protein is regulated through phosphorylation and in patients with AD, the Tau protein is hyperphosphorylated, which can lead to the formation of "Tau Tangles". These tangles are made up of free floating Tau and can interfere in the neuron communication because of a structural change in the protein due to the phosphorylation. In a normal mature neuron, tubulin is present in over tenfold excess of the Tau protein, and almost all Tau protein is bound to microtubules. In AD, the ratio between free floating Tau and microtubule bound Tau increases. In neurons affected by AD, hyperphosphorylated and glycosylated Tau disengages from microtubules and disrupts microtubule organization. Tau kinases phosphorylate Tau; however the regulation of Tau phosphorylation is still unknown. The Olathe North SMART Team (Students Modeling A Research Topic) modeled the Tau kinase using 3D printing technology.


Site response analyses and solution of dynamic soil-structure interaction problems need determination of variation of shear modulus and damping ratio with shear strain. Since many studies in literature concern evaluation of behavior of sands and silty sands, a series of cyclic triaxial tests were performed to determine the variation of shear modulus and damping ratio of a nonplastic silt with shear strain. Stress controlled cyclic triaxial tests on silt specimens of initial relative densities ranging among 30%, 50% and 70% were performed. Tests were carried out on identical samples under different CSR levels, and the confining pressure was selected as 100 kPa. Variation of shear modulus and damping ratio of silts with cyclic stress ratio amplitude, relative density and number of cycles were investigated. It was understood that soil relative density and cyclic stress ratio amplitude has a significant influence on shear modulus and damping ratio of silts. It was also observed that, as the cyclic stress ratio amplitude is increased, greater shear modulus and lower damping ratio values were obtained.


A new interchange to replace a dangerous set of junctions carrying local traffic across the busy dual carriageway of the A12 trunk road near Ipswich in Suffolk is nearing completion. The old crossing forced local traffic to join the A12 and use one of four gaps in the central reservation to cross the road. The new underpass bridge deck was constructed in two halves, closing one carriageway at a time to avoid diverting traffic through the nearby village. Excavation under the bridge will start after both halves of the deck are finished. Reinforced piles will retain earth embankments once excavations are completed. Design was complicated by the need to separate slow local traffic from vehicles entering and leaving the trunk road, and the presence of another interchange some 700m further north. A third lane connects the slip road and the exit road preventing the local traffic from merging with the through traffic. Details are given of the junction layout before and after construction and the reasons for the design changes are discussed. (TRRL)


Post-matching network (PMN) dominates broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) design, but at the cost of large footprint. This brief presents a PMN-free, compact and broadband DPA based on dual-mode impedance transformer (IT) which can simultaneously realize a complex-to-real conversion at two frequencies. The conversion ratio of the IT is significantly increased while its fluctuation is reduced after collaborating a short drain bias. The dual-mode ITs are used as the output matching networks in the carrier and peaking paths. An out-of-phase <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{\mathrm{ nd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> harmonic injection path is constructed based on the inherent structure of the IT without additional bridge, resulting in enhanced saturated efficiency and output power at the upper band edge. A prototype circuit operating from 2.1 to 3.1 GHz is fabricated, and measured results show a 7-8.2 dB gain and 42.2-43.3 dBm output power at saturation. The 6-dB OBO and saturated efficiency is 42.3-52% and 60.4-67.7%, respectively. The area of the whole OMNs is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$19\mathbf {\times }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>37 mm2, indicating a significant size reduction, while the DPA's performance is comparable with the PMN types.


With the expansion of science, philosophy appeared to be limited more than ever on a methodology, a logical guide useful for correctness validation of scientific knowledge. Quantum mechanics makes for the first time an ontological background starting from "its own ontological potential" solidary with the basic axioms of its mathematic formalism. The article aims to review a series of new projects of contemporary philosophy which we called quantum metaphysics; both philosophical projects, among which we mention "Ortophysics" proposed by Mihai Draganescu. To complete the hermeneutic dimension we reinterpreted a series of contemporary scientific theories appreciating their cultural implications, either by juxtaposition or by contraposition with recurring ideas in the history of philosophy or religious beliefs.


Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the Échelle québécoise de triage préhospitalier en traumatologie (EQTPT) to identify patients who will need urgent and specialized trauma care in the La Capitale-Nationale region, province of Quebec. Methods: A detailed review of prehospital and in-hospital medical charts was conducted for a sample of patients transported following a trauma by ambulance to one of the five CHU de Quebec's emergency departments (ED) between November 2016 and March 2017. Data related to the trauma mechanism, population, injuries sustained, diagnosis, intervention and patient outcomes were extracted. The study primary outcome was the use of at least one urgent and specialized trauma care defined as: admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), urgent surgery within less than 24 hours after arrival (excluding orthopedic surgery for one limb only), intubation in ED, angioembolization within 24 hours after ED arrival, activation of a massive transfusion protocol in the ED. Also, patients who died secondary to their trauma were also considered as requiring urgent care. Results: 902 patients were included. The mean age (SD) was 59 (28.5) years old, 494 (54.8%) were female. The main trauma mechanisms were falls (592 (65.6%)) followed by motor vehicle accident (201 (22%)). 367 (40.7%) patients were transported directly to the tertiary trauma centre from the field. 231 (25.6%) patients had at least one criteria included in the steps 1, 2 or 3 of the EQTPT. Subsequently, most patients (649 (71.9%) were discharged home from the ED while 177 (19.6%) patients were admitted to the hospital. 82 (9.1%) patients required urgent and specialized trauma care. Of these 82 patients, 27 patients (32%) were identified in step 1 of the protocol, 12 patients (14.6%) in step 2, 5 patients (6.1%) in step 3, 13 patients (15.9%) in step 4 and 2 patients (2.4%) in step 5 while 23 (28.0%) patients were not identified by any steps of the EQTPT protocol. Therefore, 44 (53.6%) of the patients requiring urgent and specialized trauma care were identified by the criteria proposed in the steps 1, 2 or 3. Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study, the EQTPT was insensitive to identify trauma patients who will need prompt and complex trauma management. Studies are required to determine the factors that could help improve its accuracy.


BACKGROUND
Modified Lapidus arthrodesis (MLA) is a well-established treatment option for symptomatic hallux valgus deformity (HVD). However, recurrence of the deformity remains a concern. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of an additional intermetatarsal fusion on the radiographic recurrence rate after first tarsometatarsal (TMT-I) arthrodesis.

METHODS
This is a retrospective evaluation of 56 feet that underwent TMT-I arthrodesis for moderate to severe HVD. Twenty-three feet received an isolated arthrodesis of the TMT-I joint (TMT-I), whereas 33 feet received an additional fusion between the base of the first and the second metatarsal bone (TMT-I/II). Various radiological parameters were determined preoperatively, 6 weeks and at a mean of 2 years postoperatively.

RESULTS
The intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and the hallux valgus angle (HVA) were significantly lowered at both follow-up evaluations in both groups. In the TMT-I/II group, the initial reduction of HVA was significantly higher (29.3° vs 21.1°). This difference disappeared by the second follow-up, leaving no significant differences between both techniques at final follow-up. Radiological recurrence rates of HVD were comparable in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Isolated TMT-I arthrodesis provides reliable radiological results in the correction of HVD. Whether additional fusion of the first and second metatarsal base should be routinely performed remains unclear.

LEVELS OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.


AbstractThe present paper examines the air distribution mode for a novel arch called the double herringbone arch to improve the thermal efficiency of travelling grate boilers. The influences of the three air distribution modes on coal bed combustion are first studied by measuring the gas species distributions along the grate length above the coal bed. The test result is inputted as the boundary condition of the numerical simulation, which compares the gas combustion features in the furnace of a common arch boiler with those of a double herringbone arch boiler under different air distribution modes. The results show that the cooperation of the rear enhanced air distribution mode and the double herringbone arch not only promotes the burnout of the coal bed but also reduces the combustible gas loss. Finally, industrial retrofit indicates that the thermal efficiency of a common arch boiler can be improved by about 5–10% using a double herringbone arch with the aid of the rear enhanced air distribution mode.


A method and a device for feeding a molten resin capable of accurately feeding the molten resin without the delay of feed timing by preventing the molten resin from adhering to route members before it seats on a molding die to increase the positioning accuracy of the molten metal in the molding die, and a method of manufacturing a molded part by using the fed molten resin. Vibration is provided to the route members such as molten resin guide pins (10, 40, 50), throat members (62, 70, 85), and female dies positioned in a route in which the molten resin (25) passes before it seats on the female dies (7, 63) by a vibration imparting device (27) or a gas layer film is formed on the surfaces thereof. Thus, the molten resin can be fed while preventing it from adhering to the route members.


ABSTRACT Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has been an increasing challenge for cities in China. Effective and sensible charging mechanism of municipal solid waste (MSW) needs to be designed to abate rapid generation of MSW from its source. This paper investigates four aspects related to public preference on MSW charging, including cleanliness, frequency, time, and cost. A case study was conducted in Harbin, which is a megacity in China and one of the first pilot cities for MSW classification. This study adopted stratified sampling approach in surveying Harbin residents, which generated a final sample of 280 residents for empirical investigation. Conjoint analysis was employed to analyze residents' preference for MSW charging. The results demonstrate that the preference varies with the level of income. High-income and middle-income residents are more favourable to cleanliness, while the low-income group is more concerned about the cost of MSWM. To a large extent, this difference may be related to differences in personal needs and consumption patterns.


Abstract : The manufacture and processing of pyrotechnic mixes has been marked in the past by accidents due to the inherent sensitivity of the materials to stimuli such as friction, impact and static electricity discharge. A program was under taken to evaluate the effectiveness of a fire suppression system in fighting pyrotechnic fires. This paper summarizes test results on several compositions using different deluge components and configurations and efforts that have resulted in improving the response time and effectiveness of fire suppression systems.


This chapter argues that Gregory's principal claim in his treatise To Ablabius—On Not Saying 'Three Gods' (one of the most widely cited works of patristic Trinitarian theology) is that it is the unity of activity—as opposed to the unity of nature—that defeats the idea that the three hypostases are three gods. Here it is maintained that Gregory is concerned in To Ablabius with the semantics of the term 'deity' (θεότης), and that his etymological exposition of this term as a name of activity is illuminated by attention to overlooked parallels between this work and Gregory's second book Against Eunomius. The chapter shows that Gregory understands the unity of divine action by analogy with the unity of any intentional action—an account of Trintarian unity that is here called the 'intentional action' model.


Theobjective ofthisstudywastodetermine whetherdifferent isolates ofBabesia microti couldbe distinguished frommorphologically similar isolates ofB.gibsoni byusing aribosomal DNA (rDNA)probe. A Babesia-specific rDNAprobe wasobtained bypolymerase chain reaction amplification ofsequences fromB. microti DNA using universal primers directed against highly conserved portions oftheeukaryotic 16S-like rRNAgene.Thechemiluminescent rDNAprobehybridized toSouthern blots ofrestriction endonucleasedigested DNA preparations ofdifferent isolates ofB.gibsoni frominfected dogsandB.microti frominfected humansandwhite-footed mice.Restriction fragment length polymorphisms served todifferentiate these species. Although thehybridization patterns seenwithDNAsfromsixB.microti isolates didnotvary, those of thefive B.gibsoni isolates didindicate genotypic variation. We concluded thatisolates ofB.microti andB. gibsoni canbedifferentiated onthebasis ofrestriction fragment length polymorphism detected witha chemiluminescent rDNAprobe. Babesiaspecies areintraerythrocytic,


With the development of power, armature and rail, many types of electromagnetic launcher systems were built for scientific research or military application over the last 30 years. System-level simulation provides a useful tool to better understand electromagnetic launcher operation and evaluate the comprehensive performance of railgun for different purpose. In this paper we present a novel simulation approach to provide faster and scalable simulation for various railgun. To reflect more vivid details of the operation and make good use of the simulation results, the function and structure of the platform are studied. The key technologies including object-oriented modeling, distributed interactive simulation, virtual reality and simulation process management are presented, which can efficiently ensure model reuse, visualization of railgun operation and control of the simulation process. Then, the simulation platform is developed as a federation within High Level Architecture framework. The advantages of the proposed approach and platform have been demonstrated through the comparison between two railgun system with different propulsion component including solid metal armature and plasma armature. Simulation results show that the plasma armature railgun accelerates the projectile to velocity in excess of the other one, but causes more serious damage on rail. Meanwhile, the visualization of the launch process and simulation results is accomplished in the form of curve and scene by the platform. Furthermore, the simulation methodology makes it convenient to interoperate existing simulation system and lays foundation for the implementation of larger scale simulation for scientific research or other applications.


The aim of the study is to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures after surgical treatment of ectopic cylindrical cervical epithelium in women of reproductive age associated with HPV. In order to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures after surgical treatment, 70 women of reproductive age with an ectopia of the cylindrical epithelium of the cervix associated with HPV were examined. According to rehabilitation measures after surgical treatment, they were divided into two groups. The main group included 52 women who, after surgical treatment for rehabilitation, received vaginal suppositories containing activated propolis extract, beeswax, St. John's wort extract, marigold and sea buckthorn oil (API-NORM), once a day for 10 days. The comparison group included 28 women treated with suppositories containing 500 mg of methyluracil. Analysis of the data obtained was carried out using the program "STATISTICA 5.5" (owned by the Central Scientific Research Institute of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, license No.AXXR910A374605FA) using non-parametric methods for assessing the results. It was determined that the use of this method of rehabilitation after electroexcision treatment of cervical pathology made it possible to reduce the period of regeneration of the wound surface by 2.4 times and reduce the bleeding rate to 1.9% in the postoperative period. The appointment of API-NORM vaginal suppositories for the purpose of postoperative rehabilitation helps to reduce the recurrence rate of the disease and coagulated cervical syndrome to 3.8% and 1.9%, respectively, and gives us the full cervical epithelization in 94.2% of cases. This proves the high efficiency of the proposed method of rehabilitation.


Ten states in the Middle East have created or plan to establish "national human rights institutions" to implement internationally recognized norms. This article offers a systematic survey of this new but unexplored terrain, examining issues of institutional creation, design, and impact in the context of domestic and international influences. After describing the global trend and analyzing the regional cases, the article concludes by discussing the positive aspects and persistent challenges facing these emerging actors. A new kind of state institution is emerging in the Middle East and North Africa. Nine governments in the region have created "national human rights institutions" (NHRIs) in the last decade or so: Morocco (1990), Tunisia (1991), Algeria (1992), Palestine (1993), Yemen (1997), Jordan (2000), Qatar (2003), Egypt (2003), and Saudi Arabia (announced in 2003). Even Iraq's interim constitution calls for the creation of a "national human rights commission" in Article 50. The proliferation of NHRIs in the Middle East is itself part of a worldwide trend, as states form human rights institutions to appease and co-opt political allies and adversaries, both local and international. Despite the dramatic rise and potential implications of these nascent institutions for democratic governance, scholars and practitioners alike have overlooked them.1 NHRIs in the Middle East are not unambiguously beneficial to the defense of human rights, but they deserve close scrutiny nonetheless. At a minimum, they affect the discursive political environments in which they operate. By their association with state authority, they legitimate the claims that social actors make for the defense of human rights, invalidating arguments for the cultural irrelevance or developmental inappropriateness of rights. They also provide political focal points for domestic and international contests over rights violations, giving tangible bureaucratic form to the state institutional actors overseeing this area. NHRIs are increasingly active in the emerging global network of sub-state actors devoted to this issue, convening regularly with their foreign counterparts and with international and non-governmental organizations.2 Despite the resilience of authoritarianism and the persistence of rights violations in the region, NHRIs sometimes even improve the conditions facing individuals and groups - not a trivial matter for the victims of state abuse. In this article, we examine the creation and role of these NHRIs, offering a systematic survey of this new but largely unexplored institutional terrain. To this end, the article begins with a discussion of the global dynamics underlying their proliferation. Subsequent sections focus on specific human rights institutions across the region: those in the Maghrib; the Palestinian Commission; recent creations in Jordan, Egypt, and the Gulf; and related institutional plans for Iraq. In each case, we discuss questions of institutional creation, design, and impact, highlighting the domestic and international contexts in which each institution was established. We conclude with a preliminary comparison of institutional similarities and differences, while analyzing the prospects for these emerging actors in the Middle East. NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The rapid diffusion of NHRIs across the Middle East and North Africa reflects a global trend. While a few government-sponsored human rights institutions existed during the Cold War, their proliferation accelerated dramatically with the surge of democratization in the 1990s. After the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna called for their creation, moreover, an increasing number of governments around the world responded by establishing them. Since then, no region has been excluded from the trend, and almost 100 countries had a NHRI or were in the process of creating one by the year 2000.3 National human rights institutions, sometimes called national human rights commissions, are quasi-official organizations, or permanent bodies established by states to implement internationally recognized norms in their domestic jurisdictions. …


This article discusses the relevance of articles related to the development and popularization of information and communication technologies, as well as the digital world in all areas of our lives from the moment we spend our time to our ability to manage money. In addition, the article provides information on the basic principles of the digital economy, increasing efficiency and creating "digital enterprises".


as P'eng Chen, Chou Yang, Lu Ting-xi, Teng T'o, Tien Han, Liao Mo-sha, Lu Ping and possibly Lo Jui-ching appear to have fallen victims. By 'revisionism' Chinese Maoists mean the Soviet form of communism, which, in their opinion, has in recent times turned into the dialectical opposite of its former self. China, they feel, must be protected from this scourge. The victory of Maoism over it must be firmly secured. To the Chinese leadership, as People's Daily put it, &dquo;Mao Tsetung's thought is the acme of Marxism in this epoch&dquo;. Maoism, it asserts, is a truly original and creative development of the theory of Marx and Lenin. Just as Leninism was a creative application of Marxism to the conditions obtaining in the classic phase of imperialism, Maoism is a creative application of Marxism-Leninism to the conditions of the second half of 20th century, when capitalism and imperialism are on the retreat


Integrated optics involves the use of thin transparent dielectric layers on planar substrates as optical waveguides. Various methods can be used to couple light into and out of the guiding layers, including butt and transverse coupling, prisms and diffraction gratings. Optical components are defined by photolithography, and may be passive (such as strip waveguides with bends, junctions and directional couplers) or active (such as switches, modulators and beam deflectors). The substrate and film materials may be glass for passive circuits, or electro-optic or semiconductor single crystal for active devices. Hybrid integration of active and passive devices may be used to produce complex integrated circuits. Alternatively, the use of semiconductor materials offers the possibility of monolithic integration of all types of component on a single substrate.


In order to measure the chamber pressures of different caliber artilleries, a novel capacitive pressure sensor with an elastic pressure-sensitive element is presented in this paper. It uses a circuit cylinder as its stationary anode and the internal electronic piezo gauge shell as its moveable cathode with an electrode distance of 0.5 mm, and constructs a coaxial cylinder capacitor converter. The device principle and structure are given and the device mechanical and thermal characteristics are theoretically simulated using the finite element software ANSYS. Various physical properties were experimentally tested. Results show that the device possesses a very good temperature stability and its capacitance shows an approximately linear relationship with the subjected pressure. It has a sensitivity of 0.00753 Pf/MPa, and a pressure measurement range of 0–600 MPa, and can withstand an instantaneous high temperature of 3,000°C. By using the sensor shell as the device elastic sensitive element, its volume is reduced and its applications are extended; therefore, it can be used to measure the chamber pressures of various different caliber guns. In addition, its lower cost is helpful in promoting wide applications.


Adaptively computing the layers (LH) for FDM 3D printed samples has been the great potential of accomplishing high quality surface finish results while maintaining a reasonably short printing process time. This research paper presents a stairs-stepping effect of a semi-sphere profile fabricated by FDM 3D technology which is a cost-effective and promising additive manufacturing (AM) technique. In the experimental test, two-LHs (0.04 and 0.32 mm) and three different thermoplastic filament materials (PLA, PLA+, and ABS+) were used. The optimum surface roughness (Ra) obtained at 100% solid infill density with the configuration of a minimum LH was around 3.9092 and 53.2628 μm for a maximum LH after and before chemical treatment respectively. The lowest LH value brings the deviation reduction to achieve a minimum value of Ra, while fabrication time would go up with increasing the number of layers. Within the group of (PLA+, PLA and ABS+) for both LHs, ABS+ has shown low density of 1.02 to 1.1 g/cm3, while PLA+ and PLA has shown almost the same values of density ranging from 1.2 to 1.3 g/cm3. Understanding and improving relationships between thermoplastic filament materials, printing process parameters and properties of FDM 3D printed samples will be a key to improve the extrusion AM processes and expanding their applications globally. To sum up, the chemical treatment (using acetone) was an economical and industrially sustainable world-wide method to improve the poor surface quality finish of AM samples.


A qualitative study of the effects of cavitation on the performance of an axial flow pump was n1ade. Photographic evidence shows that cavitation
need not occur first on the blade surface but could occur in the free stream. This phenomenon is ascribed to a flow through the tip clearance space. Cavitation similarity was found to be determined by the cavitation number
K, Thoma's σ, or the suction specific speed S for the conditions of these tests.


This thesis aims to examine the poetry of the aforementioned writers in the context of both social class and the locations that arise from this demograph. Due attention is given to Monk's Interregnum and Noctivagations, and O'Sullivan's Waterfalls and Divisions of Labour, through the lens of the authors as working class women. The accompanying creative sequence aims to apply the same principles of working class women's psychogeography to my own work, through both Monk and O'Sullivan's methods of giving voice to the "unsaid" and "unseen" in innovative poetry.


The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials for structural repair and strengthening has continuously increased in recent years, due to several advantages associated with these composites when compared to conventional materials like steel. This paper presents the results of an experiment at study on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber sheets and strips in pre-cut grooves. The reinforced columns were strengthened before testing. The main tasks of these experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of additional strengthening of reinforced columns.


We here report on the stability and catalytic activity of new indenylidene-Schiff base-ruthenium complexes 3a–f through representative cross-metathesis (CM) and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions. Excellent activity of the new complexes was found for the two selected RCM reactions; prominent conversion was obtained compared to the commercial Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst 2. Moreover, excellent results were obtained for a standard CM reaction. Higher conversions were achieved with one of the indenylidene catalysts compared with Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst. Unexpectedly, an isomerization reaction was observed during the CM reaction of allylbenzene. To the best of our knowledge, isomerization reactions in this model CM reaction in closed systems have never been described using first generation catalysts, including the Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst. The first model CM reactions as well as the RCM reactions have been monitored using 1H NMR. The course of the CM reaction of 3-phenylprop-1-ene (8) and cis-1,4-diacetoxybut-2-ene (9) was monitored by GC. The isomerization reaction was studied by means of GC-mass spectrometry and in situ IR spectroscopy. All catalysts were structurally characterized by means of 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy.


Abstract The spatial distribution of urban vegetation cover is strongly related to climatological conditions, which play a vital role in urban cooling via shading and reducing ground surface temperature and effective strategy in mitigation urban heat island. Based on the Landsat satellite images, the quantitative normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was spatially mapped at two times for each year during 2008, 2013, 2019 in Baghdad. The NDVI values ranged from −1 to +1 with considering values larger than 0.2 indicate the dense healthy vegetation. In this study, the fractional areas of NDVI >0.2 were computed with their percentage. The responses of the NDVI during the growing seasons to two climate indices (i.e., air temperature and precipitation) were investigated. These climatic data obtained from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology for the aforementioned years were used to explore the potential correlations between seasonal NDVI and above climate variables. The result shows that NDVI-derived vegetation growth patterns were highly correlated with their recording during the current growth seasons.


Acton, Ciaran and Myra J. Hird, Toward a Sociology of Stammering, 38(3): 495–513 Alderson, Priscilla, Clare Williams and Bobbie Farsides, Practitioners' Views About Equity Within Prenatal Services, 38(1): 61–80 Alvesalo, Anne and Steve Tombs, Economic Crime Control in Finland, 38(1): 165–74 Atkinson, Rowland and Keith Kintrea, 'Opportunities and Despair, It's All in There': Practitioner Experiences and Explanations of Area Effects and Life Chances, 38(3): 437–55 Baber, Zaheer, 'Race,' Religion and Riots: The 'Racialization' of Communal Identity and Conflict in India, 38(4): 701–18 Barrett, Rowena, Working at Webboyz: An Analysis of Control Over the Software Development Labour Process, 38(4): 777–94 Bottero, Wendy, Class Identities and the Identity of Class, 38(5): 985–1003 Britton, Nadia Joanne, Peter J. Halfpenny, Fiona Devine and Rosemary J. Mellor, The Future of Regional Cities in the Information Age: The Impact of Information Technology on Manchester's Financial And Business Services Sector, 38(4): 795–814 Brownlie, Julie, Tasting the Witches' Brew: Foucault and Therapeutic Practices, 38(3): 515–32 Bruce, Steve and David Voas, The Resilience of the Nation-State: Religion and Polities in the Modern Era, 38(5): 1025–34 Cattell, Vicky, Having a Laugh and Mucking in Together: Using Social Capital to Explore Dynamics Between Structure and Agency in the Context of Declining and Regenerated Neighbourhoods, 38(5): 945–63 Collinson, Jaquelyn Allen, Occupational Identity on the Edge: Social Science Contract Researchers in Higher Education, 38(2): 313–29 Crawford, Gary and Victoria K. Gosling, The Myth of the 'Puck Bunny': Female Fans and Men's Ice Hockey, 38(3): 477–93 Ford, Jackie and Nancy Harding, We Went Looking for an Organization but Could Find Only The Metaphysics of its Presence, 38(4): 815–30 Fowler, Bridget and Fiona Wilson, Women Architects and Their Discontents, 38(1): 101–19 Friedman, Andrew, Strawmanning and Labour Process Analysis, 38(3): 573–91


A QAM receiver for constellations having at least 16 sym bols converts its received QAM Signal into outputs including indications of the received Symbols. A channel frequency response estimator responsive to outputs of the converter derives indications of estimates of effects of a link to the receiver on the phase and amplitude of the received signals. A processor responsive to outputs of the converter and the estimator (1) equalises the phases of the converter outputs, (2) scales the amplitude estimates by amounts determined by the amplitude associated with the Separation of boundaries between symbols in the constellation, and (3) combines the phase equalised converter outputs and the Scaled amplitude estimates to derive likely bit values of the received symbols.


Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is significantly involved in the development of several complications associated with preterm birth, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Evidence is growing about the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in OS or antioxidant response and the occurrence of neonatal morbidities. Aim of the study: To assess whether SNPs in genes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), involved in antioxidant pathways, correlate with the occurrence of RDS, BPD, IVH and ROP in preterm neonates. Methods: We performed a retrospective study involving neonates <28 weeks of gestational age. Results: We demonstrated that rs8192287 SOD3 polymorphism is an independent protective factor for IVH, while rs4880 and rs5746136 SOD2 polymorphisms are associated with lower gestational age and birth weight. Haplotypes reconstruction showed that SOD1 (GG) decreased the risk of RDS, IVH and ROP; SOD2 (GT) increased the risk of BPD and decreased the risk of RDS, IVH, and ROP; SOD3 (TGC) decreased the risk of BPD and IVH; and CAT (CTC) decreased the risk of RDS. Conclusions: The study of SNPs or haplotypes reconstruction in genes involved in OS or scavenging activity may be helpful in identifying preterm newborns with a particularly high risk of morbidities, who may benefit from specific prevention strategies.


Sand-conglomerate reservoir has been scarcely studied, and there is no effective method available for quantitative characterization of pore structure of such a reservoir. In this paper, a multifractal study was made on the Triassic Karamay Formation sand-conglomerate reservoir in the Mahu rim region, the Junggar Basin, by using a variety of high-resolution analysis methods, such as Micro-CT, QEMSCAN, and MAPS, in order to quantitatively characterize the heterogeneity of pore size distribution, relative differentiation of large and small pores, and mineral composition. The results reveal that the multifractal parameters have more influence on permeability than on porosity. The smaller the Δα (the multifractal spectral width) and the larger the Δf (the difference in fractal dimension of the maximum and minimum probability subsets), the better the reservoir physical property. To some extent, the relationship between multifractal parameters and mineral composition provides an opportunity to reflect the diagen...


With its dissemination in the world,English is being typical of internationalization and has already become an international lingua for non-native speakers to communicate among themselves.The development of English in non-native countries has varieties with strong regional characteristics,which has had noticeable influence on English development.The contact between English and Chinese has also brought about English nativization in China and made China English with regional characteristics come into existence.China English not only contains standard English form but manifests localized Chinese characteristics.


Through open country specimen gathering and researching,Jinfo rhopalocera altogether have 39 kinds,dominant species have 3 kinds,community structureis not too complex,the species are unitary,the hillside farmland species multiplicity is lower than the hillside brush.


This paper is a logical sequel to the authors' last two SNAME annual meeting papers (Paik et al. 2000, 2001) which dealt with the ultimate limit state design of ship plating and stiffened panels. It aims to deal with the advanced ultimate limit state design of ship hulls under vertical bending moments. Traditionally, design criteria and procedures were primarily based on allowable stresses and buckling checks. It is now well recognized that the limit state approach is a better basis for design, because it determines, in a more realistic way, the real safety margin of any economically designed structure. While the limit state design for steel structures uses limit states classified into four types, namely serviceability limit state, ultimate limit state, fatigue limit state and accidental limit state, the present paper is concerned with the ultimate limit state of ship hulls. In this paper, efficient and accurate methodology for the progressive collapse analysis of ship hulls is presented. The characteristics of progressive collapse behavior of a total of 10 typical merchant ships under vertical bending are then investigated using the analysis method presented. Effects of lateral pressure and horizontal moment on the hull girder ultimate vertical moment are studied. Closed-form ultimate strength formulations for the ultimate strength of ships are developed. Finally, the ultimate limit state design format for ships is addressed. ABS TECHNICAL PAPERS 2002 86 Ultimate Limit State Design of Ship Hulls INTRODUCTION During the last few decades, the emphasis in structural design has been moving from the allowable stress design to the limit state design, since the latter approach has many more advantages. A limit state is formally defined as a condition for which a particular structural member or an entire structure fails to perform the function that it has been designed for. From the special viewpoint of a structural designer, four types of limit states are considered, namely • Serviceability limit state (SLS) • Ultimate limit state (ULS) • Fatigue limit state (FLS) • Accidental limit state (ALS) SLS conventionally represents failures under normal operations due to deterioration of less vital functions such as • Local damage which may reduce the durability of the structure or affect the efficiency of structural or non-structural elements • Unacceptable deformations which affect the efficient use of structural or non-structural elements or the functioning of equipment • Excessive vibration or noise which causes discomfort to people or affect non-structural elements or the functioning of equipment • Deformations and deflections which may spoil the aesthetic appearance of the structure ULS (also called ultimate strength) represents the collapse of the structure due to loss of structural stiffness and strength related to • Loss of equilibrium in part or of entire structure, considered as a rigid body (e.g., overturning or capsizing) • Attainment of the maximum resistance capacity of sections, members or connections by gross yielding, rupture or fracture • Instability in part or of the entire structure resulting from buckling or plastic collapse of plating, stiffened panels and support members FLS represents fatigue crack occurrence in structural details due to stress concentration and crack damage accumulation under the action of repeated loading. ALS represents excessive structural damage as consequences of accidents, e.g., collisions, grounding, explosion and fire, which affect the safety of the structure and the environment. It is important to note that in limit state design of a structure, these various types of limit states may be required to have different safety levels. The actual safety level to be attained for a particular type of limit state is a function of its perceived consequences and ease of recovery to be incorporated in design. The structural design criteria against the ULS are based on plastic collapse or ultimate strength. The design of many types of structures including merchant ship structures has in the past tended to rely on estimates of the buckling strength of components, usually from their elastic buckling strength adjusted by a simple plasticity correction. This is represented by point A in Fig.1. In such a scheme, the structural designer does not use detailed information on the post-buckling behavior of component members and their interactions. The true ultimate strength represented by point B in Fig.1 is typically higher although one can never be sure of this. Proportional limit Buckling strength Ultimate strength Design load level Linear elastic response Displacement Fo rc e Design load level A B 1


Object To investigate how to control fetal birth weight by monitoring non-diabetic maternal body weight with body mass index(BMI).Mehtods Body height and body weight of different gestation periods were measured on 280 uniparous pregnant women with singleton birth,and BMI was calculated.BMI of pregnant women delivering normal weight fetal were compared with BMI of pregnant women delivering low weight fetal and fetal macrosomia.Results Maternal BMI increased with the increase of gestational weeks,and was invariable positive correlated with fetal weight.Conclutions It is possible that the normal weight fetal is laboured,if the increase range of non-diabetic maternal BMI was kept between 3~5.


A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between airframe aerodynamics and propulsion system is vital for hypersonic vehicle design. This article introduces an optimisation system for hypersonic airbreathers and describes its application to a scramjet- powered, second-stage accelerator. To account for the changing aerodynamic, propulsive and gravitational forces during the acceleration phase, the trajectory was included in the optimisation. The relation between vehicle shape, flight path and overall vehicle performance was studied by integrating three REST scramjets with a NASA configuration and calculating the vehicle performance for a range of forebody and afterbody shapes. The final Mach number reached when the scramjet engines were shut down was employed as a performance measure to compare the different accelerator configurations. It was found that both the pre-compression of the incoming flow on the forebody and the expansion of the engine exhaust gases on the afterbody directly influence the maximum achievable Mach number. Three configurations of different shape, yet of approximately identical performance of M ≈ 11, were determined and analysed in more detail. However, due to the lack of a q-controller in the current optimisation system, an ultimate shape for the accelerator is not presented in this paper.


As is true for many of the AAA sections, 2005 presented both challenges and opportunities, both of which were profoundly shaped by the cancellation of the 2004 AAA meeting in San Francisco, and the implementation of the AnthroSource portal for AAA publications. The cancellation of the meeting in turn resulted in the cancellation of our annual Executive Board and Business meetings, as we failed to achieve a quorum. The Executive Board was somewhat able to remedy this situation by holding a three hour long telephone conference at the end of January which allowed us to discuss pressing business, and prepare for the 2005 meetings in Washington, DC.


Recreational fishers are highly responsive to changes in fish availability, either increasing or decreasing targeted effort and/or by switching between species. In Tasmania rock lobster support major commercial and recreational fisheries but over the past two decades stocks have undergone dramatic changes in abundance. Legal size biomass doubled between 1995 and 2005 and then almost halved over the following five years, influenced by poor recruitment. Catch rates for both sectors have declined and, for the recreational sector, levels of catch and effort have fallen as the number of active fishers and average days fished per fisher have declined.
The recreational fishery is concentrated off the east coast, a region where the stock is in poorest condition. Modelling indicates that catches need to be reduced to facilitate stock recovery and a stock rebuilding strategy has been implemented. The strategy includes a 200 tonne catch cap that is based on a notional resource sharing arrangement of 21% for the recreational sector (42 tonnes) and 79% for the commercial sector (158 tonnes). In an attempt to constrain recreational catches, east coast bag limits have been reduced and recreational season length reduced by four months. However, modelling suggests that these measures are unlikely to constrain recreational catches to the catch share. As stocks recover, recreational fishing pressure is expected to increase with the potential to impact the rate of stock rebuilding, imposing significant challenges for resource management. In this presentation we examine relationships between stock size, fisher behaviour and management of the fishery.


A comparison of the ability of young children to discriminate visually between different spatial relations in line drawings with their comprehension of the verbal instructions regarding the same relations was carried out. The subjects were 60 children between the ages of 4 and 7 . The test material consisted of 27 cards. Each card had one or two lines and a circle drawn on it. The lines and the circle were drawn in different spatial relations to one another. The results show that the ability of children to discriminate visually the spatial relations between line drawings improves with increasing age. Similar improvement with age was found in their ability to comprehend verbal material describing the spatial relations of the same line drawings. Comparison between these two abilities indicates, however, that the visual discrimination of spatial relations is easier than the verbal comprehension of the same relations in all the age-groups tested. The results also show that there is no correlation between individual performances in the visual discrimination test and the verbal comprehension test. Some theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.