Proper formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle is required for faithful cell division. While much work has been done to understand the roles of the key force components of the mitotic spindle, identifying the consequences of force perturbations in the spindle remains a challenge. We develop a computational framework accounting for the minimal force requirements of mitotic progression. To reflect early spindle formation, we account for microtubule dynamics and interactions with major force-generating motors, excluding chromosome interactions that dominate later in mitosis. We directly integrate our experimental data to define and validate the model, and then use simulations to analyze individual force components over time and their relationship to spindle dynamics, making it distinct from previously published models. Rather than achieving and maintaining a constant bipolar spindle length, oscillations in pole to pole distance occur that coincide with microtubule binding and force generation by cortical dynein. In the context of high kinesin-14 (HSET) activity, we identify the requirement of high cortical dynein activity for bipolar spindle formation.


We examine the effects of a state intervention on diversity within an organizational field. Our empirical setting is the Turkish higher education field, which underwent a regime change in the early 1980s. The intervention involved an overhaul in the legal framework that included two contradictory forces: imposing a range of strict requirements that would force sameness, and introducing aspirations for greater marketization that created possibilities for competitive differentiation. Our findings from cluster analyses indicate that the regime change did alter the structure of the field. University types that became dominant were shaped either in line with the stipulations of the new regime or involved partial alterations in preexisting types as well as re-combinations of the old with newly imposed requirements. Diversity and concentration within organizational types followed cyclical patterns over time. Our study also suggests that these results were shaped more by legal imposition and the history of the field than by competitive processes.


We establish several bounds for solutions to elliptic/parabolic cross-diffusion systems of $m$ equations ($m\ge2$) on 2d/3d domains $\Og$. We settle the existence and global existence problems in these cases and also provide new counter-examples for the case of general dimensions. Most importantly, we prove that when $m=N=3$, the thinness of $\Og$ in $\RR^3$ is sufficient and necessary. When $m$ is arbitrary and $N=3$, we establish global existence results for nonlinear cross-diffusion systems (the case of the scalar semilinear equation was considered in the literature but the classical methods do not seem to be applicable here).


Rapidly evolving wireless system standards and applications are placing demands on RF semiconductor manufacturers to produce highly specific and optimized RFIC solutions for specific growth segments including wireless data terminals. Cur rent RF wireless connectivity standards used for LANs and WANs include cellular and PCS (Personal Communications Services) protocols such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), trunk radio systems such as RAM and Ardis (proprietary systems), and ISM (industrial-scientific-medical) systems. In the future, satellite-based standards and dedicated wireless data systems such as HIPERLAN (European 5-GHz LAN) and U-NII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) will be more commonplace. From a wireless data user standpoint, the radios based upon these standards can be implemented in a variety of physical form factors including removable PC cards that contain an entire radio, radios that are built into a dedicated data collection terminal, or cellular and PCS phones that connect to a laptop modem via a cable. The applications listed above are made possible through high-performance RF semiconductor components. These applications range in frequency from several hundred megahertz to 6 GHz and above and require several watts of power output in some cases. These requirements need to be satisfied along with aggressive cost goals, achieved by means of low-cost, surface mount plastic packaging. The RF semiconductor technologies on which these components are based currently include gallium arsenide (GaAs) and silicon bipolar and will increasingly include CMOS in the future. Some specific examples of end-product benefits that RF component technologies can affect on a first-order basis include the cost, size, weight, and battery life of the wireless data terminal.


Objective To discuss the curative effect with LEEP knife of ring-shaped electric incision on cervical disease.Methods 108 cases of CIN I~II patient with pathology results were performed with LEEP knife at range of 1.0cm to normal tissue and depth 15~18mm and diameter of 23~26mm.Results There were 100% became smaller than operation.100% healing in thses group at cervical polyp and condyloma.CIN patient had no collapse after 3 month to 1 year follow-up.Conclusion This method might have less injury,rapid recovery and good curative effect.It not only ramianed cervix but also remove the lession that benefit for young women.


The invention concerns the use of dispersions of urea-group-containing polyurethanes made from selected starting materials in the manufacture of completely biodegradable articles, optionally using, as an intermediate, granules obtained by spray-drying the dispersions.


Objective: To explore the Sjogren's syndrome involving the central nervous system lesions in clinical manifestations and diagnosis,differential diagnosis,treatment.Methods: one case of the 175 Hospital of PLA Sjogren's syndrome involving the central nervous system lesions clinical data and review the relevant literature,its clinical manifestations,diagnosis,the differential diagnosis Easy to confuse and treatment were analyzed.Results: one case of patient with Sjogren's syndrome involving the central nervous system lesions after treatment,regularly,condition improved and was discharged.Conclusions: Sjogren's syndrome involving the central nervous system lesions,Particularly in the central nervous system symptoms as the first performers,is easily misdiagnosed as Multiple sclerosis(MS),the inspection of suspected cases should be consummated in time,to avoid the neglect of other symptoms which led to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis and affect the prognosis of patients.


It's not just science or engineering that will be needed to address security concerns, but law, economics, anthropology, and more.


This article designs performance adjustable event- and self-triggered policies for nonlinear multiagent systems with controller output fluctuations. In the provided event-triggered mechanism, a performance adjustable function is introduced, which can freely adjust the system sampling frequencies and state convergence rates. In the proposed self-triggered policy, continuous measurement error monitoring and neighbors' event listening are avoided, thereby further saving system sensor resources. Furthermore, under a unified framework, the controllers' inherent nonlinearities and the influence of data quantization in digital communication networks are studied. In comparison with the previous event-triggered sampling schemes, the developed policies do not only study the multiagent coordinated control in terms of system sampling performance and state convergence performance but are also suitable for the scenarios with controller output fluctuations. Numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed policies.


Seeing a patient with postviral fatigue syndrome (PFS) is not an easy task for a health care provider. You can hardly discuss the cause of this condition, give sound advice on its course and progno...


IEEE 1588 standard provides the networked measurement and control systems with a method of precision time protocol(PTP) based on their communication network. PTP supports redundancy master clock and defines the master clock dynamic switching in detail. But this protocol doesn't provide further information about multiport redundancy slave clock. This paper utilizes the current IEEE 1588 technology in a novel way, proposes a system design method of multiport redundancy slave clock synchronization system based on the IEEE 1588 standard. Test results have proven that the proposed method can realize fast and selective slave clock switching, and ensure the precision and reliability of the clock synchronization to a great extent.


An advanced flight control system developed for and demonstrated to compensate for unanticipated failures in military aircraft is investigated for use in general aviation. This method uses inverse control to decouple the flight controls and modify the handling qualities of the aircraft. The purpose of the system is to render a general aviation aircraft easier to fly by decoupling its flight control system and making the aircraft handling more natural to a nonpilot. Artificial neural networks are used to counteract the modeling errors in the inverse controller but, more important, to adapt to unanticipated failures during flight, thus, allowing the pilot to continue to control the aircraft safely. Because a decoupled flight control system is software based, it is a fly-by-wire system. For such a system, it is difficult from a cost standpoint for general aviation to incorporate the level of redundancy required in such flight control systems; therefore, the demonstration of this system's capability to handle control system failures is critical to future certification efforts. The system is verified with MATLAB® simulations for longitudinal flight. In simulations, the control system is shown to be able to track pilot velocity and pitch angle and flight-path angle commands. Simulations of changing configurations, payload, and partial control system failures have shown that the controller does rapidly adapt to these changes without a need for a pilot response. A pilot-in-the-loop flight simulator has verified the MATLAB simulations and ongoing work to flight test the control system on a Raytheon Bonanza F33C fly-by-wire testbed is discussed.


Abstract Preferences for monetary and nonmonetary job attributes are important for understanding workers' motivation and the organization of work. Little is known, however, about how those job preferences are formed. We study how macroeconomic conditions when young shape workers' job preferences for life. Using variation in income-per-capita across U.S. regions and over time since the 1920s, we find that job preferences vary in systematic ways with experienced macroeconomic conditions during young adulthood. Recessions create cohorts of workers who give higher priority to income, whereas booms make cohorts care more about job meaning for the rest of their lives.


In The Dialogue of Justice, James Fishkin has produced a readable and stimulating approach to liberalism. Metalevel engagement with a range of contemporary liberal theorists leads up to a reworking and development of something close to the "dialogic" themes in Mill's On Liberty and an exploration of liberal society as "selfreflexive." The book has three main parts. First, Fishkin argues that attempts at a systematic theory of the basis of a liberal political regime fail, because plausible ideas about what constitutes a just society pull irresolvably in conflicting directions. Second, he advances various plausible criteria, in light of which he criticizes other substantive viewpoints. Approaches to liberalism (1) must discriminate but not rule out everything, (2) should legitimize the state to all but not obligate citizens of other states, (3) should not provide other theories with a basis upon which to develop incompatible prescriptions, and (4) should not manipulate people's preferences. These ideas are brought alive in the critical discussion of other approaches, leading Fishkin to develop some useful typologies—for example, "brute," versus refined views of individuals' preferences, actual versus hypothetical situations, and neutrality versus universality. Fishkin's approach here is both interesting and powerful and displays the immense fruitfulness of general and metalevel argument, as contrasted with the pursuit of detailed points internal to the work of specific writers. In the end, Fishkin finds the combination of these criteria too strong for any substantive theory. He then develops his own approach, by way of an exploration of the idea that preferences should not be coercively molded. He argues that political practices can justifiably claim support from all members of a society if (1) they are consensual in the sense of having wide support across major social cleavages, (2) are minimally voluntary (i.e., there is unimpeded exit, (3) essential benefits are supplied to all members of society, and (4) the society's practices are self-reflective, that is, subject to "continuing critical examination through unmediated debate" (p. ). Fishkin develops these ideas in interesting ways, concluding with some practical suggestions about political institutions. Rather than paraphrasing his argument, which deserves to be read in detail, I shall move straight to some criticism. First, nonmanipulation introduces more problems than Fishkin seems to allow for (see, e.g., problems raised in the community power debate and by the work of Foucault). Second, Fishkin appeals implicitly to dialogue-based ideas about epistemology. This is contentious both qua epistemology and also because it is incompatible with the implicit epistemological ideas of some of those who would be involved in his dialogue (e.g., fundamentalists). It is also not clear to what extent substantive ideas about benefits are being drawn from the epistemology as prerequisites to citizens' participation or are introduced extraneously. The latter would obviously be problematic; the former, to work, would depend on Fishkin's being able to argue that everyone can really make a potentially useful input to the argument. Third, what one might call empowerment for the sake of participation is sometimes developed in ways that look more like the enhancement of pluralistic interest articulation, but this is by no means the same thing as dialogue. Dialogue itself introduces particular problems: it is not clear that people will be interested in listening to the arguments of others. Even today, serious discussion of political issues seems all too often to fall victim to the television remote-control zapper. Fourth, the right of exit introduces a problem and highlights an ambiguity concerning the relation of dialogue and political community. Fishkin is working with the nation-state, but it is not clear why dialogue should generate or respect national boundaries. Why, say, should the views of those over the Mexican border (or in Australia) not count as much as those on this side? Is there a right of entry? Could the rich all "exit" and reconstitute their society free from the troublesome demands of the poor? Fifth, there are also some interesting problems relating to criticism and political culture. Fishkin is himself ambiguous concerning of the position of religion at one point, arguing that it may underlie political culture (thus receiving protection but becoming subject to critical scrutiny) yet at another writing explicitly that it should be excluded from public dialogue (pp. 145, 202). (Clearly, exclusion means that in the case of conflict, what is public and subject to dialogue wins out, while religious views are treated as if they are matters of private taste; but it is not clear that believers should really want them treated in this way, not least because they will typically think that the content of their religious views is itself rationally compelling. Yet insofar as religious toleration and protection is the product of practical comprise, rather than of the principles that underlie the public sphere, this may itself mean that what is in the public sphere does not have the purely rational character that Fishkin's approach would require.) In my view, one cannot insulate political culture from other fields; and given that political ideas will be strongly affected by other ideas (and vice versa), it is not clear that one should exclude them even if one could. All this, however, raises a more general problem concerning whether critical rationalism in the form of such openness to public scrutiny can sustain a popular political culture (see Ernest Gellner's Postmodernism, Reason, and Religion). Just as, in the earlier parts of Fishkin's book, one might well imagine that critical dialogue could take apart all positive ideas on the basis of which we might conduct our public lives, leaving nothing viable in their place. Or—to put it the other way round—is it not possible that the conduct of public life may require a certain measure of myth, ambiguity, and wishful thinking? There also seem to me possible problems with Fishkin's concern for popular and unmediated, rather than merely public, self-reflection. Some of those who, like Hayek, defend a liberal economic order as the best for mankind also argue plausibly that it has certain unavoidable defects. The problem here is that if Hayek is right, the connections between the defects and the advantages (and hence the limitations upon remedying prima facie defects) are not easy to explain, and it is difficult to see how they could easily be legitimated to a society's non-theoretically-minded members. That it raises such problems seems to me an indication of the interest and fruitfulness of Fishkin's approach, rather than a point against it. The book as a whole is readable, interesting, and very thought-provoking. Are there any defects? It does have a somewhat unfinished


Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase having multiple functions including growth, death and metabolism. Two isoforms of GSK-3, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, have been identified in m...


This paper is designed to research on the meaning of Islamic Jihad, its origin, its principles, its functions and its application in the various modern trends of Islamic Fundamentalism. The Jihad(noun) comes from ``jahada``(verb), and it simply means ``to exert``, ``to endeavor``, ``to struggle``, ``to do one`s best``. Ordinally the Muslims agree that the Jihad-obligation may fulfill by his heart, his tongue, his hands and his sword. Many Muslims realize that the most important form of Jihad is Jihad by the heart and tongue. In the West the Jihad is considered as the Holy War. But it is not correct. It is just their own view. The Muslims emphasize that the spiritual struggle in the path of Allah is the real Jihad. They separate the Jihad into two categories. The first one is the Greater Jihad, and the second one is the Lesser Jihad. The greater Jihad is internal striving in the path of Allah and spiritual struggle against evil rather than external fighting. The lesser Jihad is a defensive duty of a Muslim provided he is attacked. It is well known that the Prophet Muhammad gave top precedence to the greater Jihad. In the modern time, Muslims use the word Jihad in a positive sense to signify the religious truth of Islam on the one hand, while to carry a message of the religious violence on the other hand. But the Islamic violence of Jihad is not appropriate and adaptable for the needs of contemporary Muslims. So ``the Jihad is a kind of terror`` should be translated again. And Islamopobia should be reconsidered through the correct translation of Jihad. In chapter Ⅱ, the meaning of the Holy War is depicted. In the ancient time, the meaning of War had been developed from conquest war - revenge war - self defence war. The Holy War is the conquest war controlled by the God, with the God and carried out in the religious aims. For the Jews the Holy War was the conquest war of Canaan. And in the precise meaning, the Crusade War was not a Holy War. In chapter Ⅲ, the relationship between the Islamic Jihad and the Holy War is given. According to the Jewish meaning of the Holy War, the greater Jihad is not the Holy War, and the lesser Jihad may be considered as a kind of the Holy War. In chapter Ⅳ and Ⅴ, the meaning of Jihad, the origin of Jihad, the principle of Jihad and the function of Jihad are described. It is well known that the above mentioned subjects are found in the Holy Quran and Hadith. In chapter Ⅵ, the radical and revolutionary meaning of Jihad in the contemporary Islam is given, and the interrelationship between the classical Jihad and the radical-revolutionary Jihad is delivered. Moderate Muslims agree that the radical and revolutionary Jihad in the modern times is not a real Jihad. Because it is carried out politically rather than religiously.


The utility model relates to a pulley ball bearing of a jacquard loom. The pulley ball bearing comprises an inner ring, a ball, a ball holder and outer ring cover plates, and is characterized in that the ball holder is sheathed on the outer surface of the inner ring; the excircle of the inner ring is provided with a circular arc groove which forms an arc-shaped groove together with the ball holder; the upper and lower surfaces of the ball holder are provided with the outer ring cover plates; the outer ring cover plates on the upper and lower surfaces and the inner ring form an enclosed space; and the ball is arranged in the enclosed space, positioned in the arc-shaped groove between the ball holder and embedded into the circular arc groove in the excircle of the inner ring. The pulley ball bearing of the jacquard loom has the beneficial effects the upper and lower outer ring cover plates not only can cause the outer ring and ball of a common bearing to conduct corresponding rolling action and cause the outer ring and the inner ring to conduct corresponding rotating action, but also can prevent the ball from being separated from the inner and outer rings and ensure the lubricating grease acting on the interior of the seal ring to be effective for a long term; and the pulley ball bearing is long in service life, simple in process and convenient in manufacturing, can avoid lubricating grease loss and greatly improve processing efficiency, so that the cost is reduced.


In this paper, we compare the differences between traditional Kelly Criterion and Vince's optimal f through backtesting actual financial transaction data. We apply a momentum trading strategy to the Taiwan Weighted Index Futures, and analyze its profit-and-loss vectors of Kelly Criterion and Vince's optimal f, respectively. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that there is nearly 90% chance that the difference gap between the bet ratio recommended by Kelly criterion and and Vince's optimal f lies within 2%. Therefore, in the actual transaction, the values from Kelly Criterion could be taken directly as the optimal bet ratio for funds control.


A 22‐residue peptide with a sidechain lactam bridge involving 18 residues (60‐atom cycle) has been synthesized. Three different protection schemes using Fmoc/tBu/cyclohexyl, Fmoc/tBu/allyl or Boc/Bzl/ fluorenylmethyl protecting group combinations have been explored for the solid phase of the linear precursors, which have been subsequently cyclized in solution or in the solid phase. Cyclization yields in solution have been consistently better than on solid phase; however, the solid‐phase strategy requires fewer purification steps and therefore global yields are comparable.


A water soluble polysaccharide, pullulan was cyanoethylated using acrylonitrile in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The reaction conditions which gave the highest DS of 2.7 were the following: sodium hydroxide concentration, 6%; reaction temperature, 60°C and reaction time, 120min. If the reaction conditions were severer than the above conditions, i.e., higher sodium hydroxide concentration, higher reaction temperature and/or longer reaction time, either the elmination of cyanoethyl group or the formation of acrylonitrile homopolymer was observed. The relatively low DS of 2.7 may be interpreted based on the fact that in pullulan molecules the reactive primary hydroxyl groups at C-6 take part in the backbone linkages. Another possible reason would be the influence of their higher ordered structure and also conceivable steric hindrance. The cyanoethylated pullulan dissolved completely in DMSO, and dissolved almost in DMF and dichloromethane, but the solution in the latter solvent was significantly colored. Thermal decomposition temperatures were remarkably affected by the DS: 227.0°C for DS 1.99 and 262.8°C for DS 2.72. The higher DS resulted in the higher thermal decomposition temperature.


This paper describes the Web Coverage Server component of the NASA Web GIS software suite (NWGISS) that provides HDF-EOS data through the web using OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) Web Coverage Service (WCS) specification. The NWGISS Web Coverage Server (NWGISS WCS) is designed to allow clients of geographic information systems (GIS) to access multidimensional, multi-temporal HDF-EOS data. It has been implemented with three interface protocols: GetCapabilities, DescribeCoverageType, and GetCoverage. In addition to HDF-EOS, the server can encode the returned data in several widely used formats, including binary, geoTiff, NITF, and GIF. The server provides on-the-fly georectification function that can extract swath data and georectified it into user requested spatial resolutions. This functionality is important to many HDF-EOS data users.


Dental trauma injuries occur more frequently in upper anterior teeth, especially in enamel and dentin without pulp involvement. This article presents a clinical case report of a patient dissatisfied with the color of the tooth 21 restoration performed after suffering dental trauma. The format was adequate, so a previous molding of the palatal region was performed, and a condensing silicone guide was made. The use of the palatal guide facilitates the execution of the restoration and guides the layering of selected resins. Following the Natural Stratification concept, this case demonstrated a restorative treatment of direct restorations in composite resin, which can be considered an alternative for fractured anterior teeth, presenting clinical agility and excellent esthetic results.


A systematic optimization of the components of our polarized electron source has markedly improved its long term stability over earlier versions. The major factors shortening the lifetime of the source have been identified. The essential parts of the spin polarized electron source, such as the vacuum system, crystal holder, cleaving mechanism, caesium dispenser, oxygen admittance tube, and computer control activation features are discussed. The lifetime of the source now exceeds 500 h with a constant polarization of 28.5%.


Integrin–collagen interactions play a critical role in a myriad of cellular functions that include immune response, and cell development and differentiation, yet their mechanism of binding is poorly understood. There is increasing evidence that conformational flexibility assumes a central role in the molecular mechanisms of protein–protein interactions and here we employ NMR hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HDX) experiments to explore the impact of slower timescale dynamic events. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying collagen‐induced conformational switches, we have undertaken a comparative study between the wild type integrin α1 I and a gain‐of‐function E317A mutant. NMR HDX results suggest a relationship between regions exhibiting a reduced local stability in the unbound I domain and those that undergo significant conformational changes upon binding. Specifically, the αC and α7 helices within the C‐terminus are at the center of such major perturbations and present reduced local stabilities in the unbound state relative to other structural elements. Complementary isothermal titration calorimetry experiments have been performed to derive complete thermodynamic binding profiles for association of the collagen‐like triple‐helical peptide with wild type α1 I and E317A mutant. The differential energetics observed for E317A are consistent with the HDX experiments and support a model in which intrinsically destabilized regions predispose conformational rearrangement in the integrin I domain. This study highlights the importance of exploring different timescales to delineate allosteric and binding events.


Magnesium borate ball of wires, nanowires and petaliforms were prepared via calcination of magnesium borate hydroxide synthesized by hydrothermal route. Results of SEM characterization indicated that the morphology of magnesium borate hydroxide and magnesium borate could be talored via varying reaction temperature, reaction time and water's volume. And pure magnesium borate could be achieved when magnesium borate hydroxide was calcinated at 700°C.


Looking up at south facade from Waverley Court building (in foreground); Nelson's Monument, background right; St. Andrew's House is the headquarters building of the Scottish Government. The requirement for the building arose as a result of a post World War I policy of limited transfer of devolved power to Scotland from London. It stands on the former site of Calton Jail. The building was designed by Thomas S. Tait of Burnet, Tait and Lorne, architects. (They worked separately on commissions.) Although Tait's St. Andrew's House was given a monumental treatment with giant symbolic figures (sculpted by Sir William Reid Dick) in response to its Neo-classical setting, Tait and Lorne's designs generally followed the International idiom of long horizontal window-bands. Both had worked in the United States. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.oxfordartonline.com/ (accessed 6/30/2012)


The article is devoted to biographies of three Russian physicians of the Silver Age (a period in the History of Russian culture between 1890 and 1917). They made early, significant and internationally recognized contributions to medical science and became eponymous, although the twentieth century's social disasters were to deeply impact their subsequent lives and careers, obscuring their contributions to the global medical community. The biography and academic achievements of S.S.Abramov (1875-1951), a Russian pathologist, microbiologist and immunologist of Armenian origin, discoverer of primary idiopathic myocarditis, are reviewed in the third proceeding. The contribution of this scientist to Medicine is analyzed in the context of its historical epoch forming the background of his individual social choices. Besides his eponymous description, other medical contributions of this scholar are listed, such as his possible priority in the description of dilated cardiomyopathy and his authorship of the first textbook of Pathology in the history of Bulgarian science. Factors facilitating rapid development of theoretical and practical Medicine in late 19th and early 20th century imperial Russia are discussed, for example, cultural symbiosis in a multinational country. The conclusion of the author is that in any epoch, even the most cruel and unfavorable one, creative activity is a path to social immortality. Refs 27. Figs 6.


Elevated exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) in insulin target tissues has been linked to insulin resistance. Tissue exposure to GC is determined by both the receptor (GR) and the pre‐receptor enzyme, 11beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(11βHSD1), which converts inactive GC to the active form. We tested the hypothesis that beneficial effects of exercise are mediated through changes in the expression of 11βHSD1 and GR in skeletal muscle and liver. Male Syrian hamsters were divided into 3 groups; fructose‐fed exercise (FE), fructose‐fed sedentary (FS), and chow‐fed sedentary (CS). FE had access to running wheels for 6 wks and all were sacrificed following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Combining the AUC for glucose and insulin yields an insulin sensitivity index, which indicated that FS was significantly more insulin resistant than either CS or FE (p<0.05). Gastrocnemius 11βHSD1 protein level was lower in FE (0.66 0.12 relative optical density [ROD]) compared to CS (1.00 0.05 ROD) or FS (0.92±0.06 ROD, p<0.05), while GR was similar between groups. Liver GR was lower in FE (0.66±0.09 ROD) compared to both CS (1.00±0.08 ROD) and FS (0.95±0.09 ROD, p<0.05), while 11βHSD1 was similar between groups. Thus, exercise decreases the determinants of tissue GC exposure in muscle and liver and is associated with retention in insulin sensitivity despite a high‐fructose diet.


In this paper,the software and hardware design for leakage current on-line monitoring device of MOA based on DSP is proposed.A new and effective method of MOA on-line monitoring is applied.In this method,the fundamental and third harmonic of line are achieved through electric field sensors,the full leakage current of MOA is analyzed by use of digital signal processing,and then the resistive leakage current of MOA is calculated.Signal acquisition,calculation and analysis are realized on basis of this method and TMS320LF2407A.The MOA condition can be learned by the output information at any time.


The invention discloses an epoxy resin glue solution with high peel strength for a copper-clad plate. The glue solution comprises, by weight, 100 parts of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 28-39 parts of diamino diphenyl sulfone, 20-30 parts of polyphenyl ether, a proper amount of tetrahydrofuran, 1-3 parts of n-butyllithium, 8-17 parts of allyl bromide, 7-13 parts of trichlorovinyl silane, 89-120 parts of acetone, 19-33 parts of deionized water, 5-12 parts of metachloroperbenzoic acid, a proper amount of dichloromethane, a proper amount of methyl alcohol, 0.5-1.5 parts of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, 2-6 parts of aluminum nitride, 2-4 parts of coal-based kaolin ore, 0.2-0.6 part of silane coupling agent and 2-6 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution. Cage-like silsesquioxane containing epoxy groups and unsaturated double bonds is firstly synthesized, allyl is introduced on polyphenyl ether main chains, allyl and the polyphenyl ether main chains take participation in a curing reaction of epoxy resin, the cross-linking density of the resin is increased, and accordingly glass transition temperature of a substrate is increased and the dielectric constant is reduced.


A method of oxidizing unburnt residuals in a combustion system with chemical loop, comprising: injecting a fuel (10) in a fuel reactor (12) of a combustion system with chemical loop; injecting oxygen carriers (22) oxidized in the reactor fuel (12); oxidize fuel (10) with oxygen provided by the oxygen carriers (22); separating solids (48, 56) of a combustion gas stream (26) of the reactor fuel (12); transmitting the flue gas stream (26) of the reactor fuel (12) containing unburnt residuals to a post-oxidation reactor (25); injecting oxygen carriers (22) oxidized to the reactor post oxidation (25); oxidize unburnt residuals in the reactor post oxidation (25) with oxygen provided by the oxygen carriers (22); separating oxygen carriers (22) of a combustion gas stream (27) of post-oxidation reactor 25; transmit oxygen carriers (22) reduced to a reactor air (14); oxidized oxygen carriers (22) reduced in the presence of air (16) injected into the air jet (14); separating oxygen carriers (22) oxidized stream of flue gas (18) of the air jet (14); transmitting the subsequent oxidation reactor (25) and the reactor fuel (12) oxygen carriers (22) oxidized, wherein: oxygen carriers (22) are uncoupling chemical oxygen particles loop; transmitting a portion (64) of the combustion gas stream (26) of the reactor fuel (12) to a post-oxidation chamber (60); transmitting the stream of flue gas (27) post-oxidation reactor (25) to the first post-oxidation chamber (60); where unburnt residuals present in the part (64) of the stream of flue gas (26) of the reactor fuel (12) transmitted to the chamber post oxidation (60) are oxidized by the oxygen present in the stream flue gas (27) of post-oxidation reactor (25).


Three soldiers were killed and about 42 injured after a landmine blew up
an
army bus at Sopore on Saturday.


The Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS) and the Multimedia
Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) defined by 3GPP use SDP and RTSP
with some extensions. This document provides information about these
extensions and registers the RTSP and SDP extensions with IANA.


1. Imagine a line of cars driving on a highway where each car Cb; f has a c hannel f to the car before it and a channel b to the car behind it. For the purpose of this exercise we can consider the line to be innnite so we ignore any boundary problems and static no cars enter or leave the line. Pictorially: a b c d C 3 c; d C 2 b; c C 1 a; b The problem is to deene Cb; f so that a car may o vertake another car. Beware of deadlocks, or of cars overtaking a car which itself is in the process of overtaking a third car. Don't embark on any complicated construction here|this is mainly a warming up exercise which only requires a couple of lines. 2. The lambda-calculus encodings in the-calculus usually demonstrate the lazy reduction strategy. Another strategy is call-by-value, its encoding is only slightly more complex and you will nd it in Milner's article Functions as Processes, or in Sangiorgi's thesis. Represent this encoding in interaction diagrams, and demonstrate a few typical reductions .


It is shown that the response of piezoelectric elements to pseudorandom sequences may be correlated to the external pressure the piezoelectric element is subjected to. Thus a static force sensor was developed based on this phenomenon. This is achieved by measuring the variations of the piezoelectric sensor series resonance branch (at its first resonance mode) which accurately reflects the measured force. A simple electronic interface circuit was designed to experimentally validate this new concept. Further, compared to previous piezoelectric sensors, the application of pseudorandom sequences allows for much increased rate of measurements.


Mankind and environment have experienced different historical periods of opposing and harmonizing within the long term of coexistence. In the design of the living environment, people's designing concept and designing skills have been changing constantly. With the improvement of the capacity level and the development of the cognizing capability, the environmental design has been changing from traditionally junior pattern to the senior one, meanwhile it has absorbed a variety of relative factors both in art and technology. Environmental art design has been independent from relative subjects and formed a distinctive branch of learning. Since it possesses the characteristics that multi-subjects are intersecting mutually, it has become a new branch of learning with complexity and diversity.


Responding to the implications of the challenges of the world of education, the duties and functions of lecturers in the future will be more complex so that it requires continuous coaching and adjustment of competencies. Peer teaching is one of the most effective learning methods. This research aims to describe the Role of Peer Teaching Methods in the Development of Student Abilities in Teaching Competency Development Courses. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study showed that by using a peer-teaching model, lecturers could choose a suitable strategy, based on the material to be discussed. Especially in terms of developing students' abilities in teaching competency coaching courses


1. Arterial baroreceptor denervation produces acute hypertension, but chronically denervated animals have an average arterial pressure that is similar to that of baroreceptor intact animals.


The Florida Board of Pharmacy recently approved a new rule mandating additional training for pharmacists in connection with the dispensing of controlled substances.


In the reconstruction and renewal processes of economical and ecological environment of upper reaches of Yangtze river, the optimal allocation and economic ecologically sustainable development of forest resource should be considered. This paper analyzes the optimal allocation and scientific development of forest resource in Pan xi region and presents some helpful policies for the efficient use of forest resources in Pan xi region.


The author in his preface states that his aim is "to provide an easy introduction" and that "although the ma te r i a l is of an e lementary nature, i t has been developed r igorously . " His aim has nearly been fulfilled in that the t rea tment of vectors proceeds intuitively through a discussion of displacements and geometry; at t imes , however, the reading is made more difficult because the author has failed in his attempt to make the development r igorous . In par t icu lar , the derivative of a vector is defined without giving any consideration much less a definition of the notion of the limit of a vector function of a sca la r . The integral of a vector function is defined as the ant i -der ivat ive; yet, the author moves ahead expecting the reader to swallow the line integral with absolutely no mathemat ica l definition'.


This article takes as its starting point William Golding's encounter with the critic, Frank Kermode, and the writer's subsequent rejection of his previously held belief in authorial intention. As the first of Golding's novels published after this meeting, The Spire provides a textual record of the consequences of relinquishing the absolute authority of the writer. As it foregrounds a range of possible interpretations of Jocelin's spiritual vision, including those derived from the discourse of psychoanalysis, the text challenges the view of Golding as a conventional Christian writer. In so doing, The Spire interrogates the process of inscription and erasure to which not only Jocelin but also Golding himself is subject.


We developed a new method for character generation that makes reading super fine characters (under 5 points) on a flat panel display easy. We removed the jaggy edges of a character image by subdividing the character image dots into the dots which size is one third as small as the original ones. This method is based on two characteristics of the human eye. These characteristics allowed us to map the subdivided value into display sub pixels and adjust the digital counts of sub pixels. We conducted a subjectivity evaluation experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of this method and found that the method is effective.


Objective: The capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a new system that utilizes the principle of electrokinetic separation of molecules in eight electrolyte buffer-fi lled silica capillaries. In this study, we established the normal ranges of haemoglobin A 2 (HbA 2 ) and haemoglobin F (HbF) levels for normal individuals using this system and also the HbA 2 level in β thalassaemia and haemoglobin E (HbE) individuals. Materials and Methods: 154 samples from normal individuals, 218 samples from β thalassaemia heterozygotes and 91 samples from HbE heterozygotes were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and CE analysis. Results: The normal ranges for HbA 2 and HbF by CE were 2.75% (SD 0.26%) and 0.03% (SD 0.24%) respectively, which were signifi cantly lower than that of HPLC 2.88% (SD 0.25%) and 0.58% (SD 0.61%) (p <0.001). The HbA 2 level for HbE heterozygotes was 3.58% (SD 0.44%), which was signifi cantly higher than normal (p <0.001) but lower than that of β-thalassaemia heterozygotes (p<0.001) and the true HbE level was 24.28% (SD 3.38%). Conclusion: The CE system provided a fully automated and high throughput system for haemoglobin analysis. We established the normal ranges for HbA 2 and HbF levels by CE. We also determined the ranges for HbA 2 in beta thalassaemia and HbE heterozygotes using this system.


The microwave spectra of cis‐CH3FC:CH35Cl and cis‐CH3FC:CH37Cl have been observed in the ground torsional state. The ground‐state rotational constants for cis‐CH3FC:CH35Cl are A = 9958.22 ± 0.05 MHz, B = 2285.88 ± 0.02 MHz, and C = 1879.89 ± 0.02 MHz. The ground‐state rotational constants for cis‐CH3FC:CH37Cl are A = 9958.00 ± 0.08 MHz, B = 2225.36 ± 0.03 MHz, and C = 1838.75 ± 0.03 MHz. The 35Cl quadrupole coupling constants along the appropriate inertial axes in the ground state of cis‐CH3FC:CH35Cl are χaa = − 53.09 ± 0.20 MHz, χbb = + 19.45 ± 0.05 MHz, and χcc = + 33.64 ± 0.20 MHz, and for the corresponding 37Cl isotope χaa = − 41.70 ± 0.20 MHz, χbb = + 15.17 ± 0.20 MHz, and χcc = + 26.53 ± 0.20 MHz. Second‐order quadrupole coupling effects have been used to obtain a direct measurement of the nonzero off‐diagonal element of the χ tensor for the 35Cl species. The off‐diagonal element is χab = ± 43.5 ± 3 MHz. Analysis of the ground torsional state spectra for the 35Cl species yields a barrier to internal...


A case of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to peptic ulcer disease was treated with laparoscopic truncal vagotomy and Jaboulay gastroduodenostomy. The technique is described.


Formation of antihydrogen atoms in a magnetized plasma of positrons and antiprotons is explicitly demonstrated in a molecular dynamics simulation. The parameters chosen are compatible with the experimental setup. We employ a special, adaptive time step symplectic integrator to perform full dynamics simulation, without using the guiding center approximation, for very long times (of the order of {mu}s). The large number of antihydrogen atoms formed allows detailed statistical analysis and distributions for the binding energy, pseudomomentum, sizes, and other quantities that characterize these atoms. We also find that a significantly smaller number of antihydrogen positive ions form during the free expansion of the plasma.


We perform a critical analysis of the present approach in wave modeling and of the related results. While acknowledging the good quality of the best present forecasts, we point out the limitations that appear when we focus on the corresponding spectra. Apart from the meteorological input, these are traced back to the spectral approach at the base of the present operational models, and the consequent approximations involved in properly modeling the various physical processes at work. Future alternatives are discussed. We then focus our attention on how, given the situation, to deal today with the estimate of the maximum wave heights, both in the long term and for a specific situation. For this, and within the above limits, a more precise evaluation of the wave spectrum is shown to be a mandatory condition.


Surabaya city has more privilege in land management compared to other cities in Indonesia where there is government land that can be leased to city dwellers to be used in accordance with the allocation. One of which is the land of community of Gubeng Kertajaya in which entirely of their home is an asset of the city government of Surabaya. With the regulation on the change of the permits of the land to private property rights, the community seeks to change the status of their land into private property. The problem is that most of them are lowermiddle-class people, so a particular scheme is needed for the case. Using credit approach for middle and lower society, this research aims to find the right scheme/approach. This research uses post-positive research paradigm with observation, interview and triangulation analysis, so that the form of an institutional scheme which is under coordination by the city government Surabaya is found. An independent cooperative that can accommodate community payments in the form of goods and money, is proposed, it can also market the products of society. The typology that can be allowed to change the status of land use permit (IPT) into a private land consists of two types, while the rest should be coached from the city government of Surabaya. Index Surabaya, Scheme, IPT, Permit


Starting from the shallow-water equations which contain Rossby wave(RW) and inertial-gravity wave (IGW), a set of equations depicting the nonlinear interactions of RW and IGW in the dissipative atmosphere,whose temporal scales have verylarge difference, are derived in the frame of weak nonlinear theory.RW and IGW are departed from the coupling equations, the nonlinear interactions among waveswith different type can be studied from the interaction equations.When a RWpackets propagates through the atmosphere in which there are two IGW packets,the two IGWs exchange energy between themselves rapidly and they exchange theirenergies with RW simultaneously in a much slower rate.The temporal scales of IGWsare so small comparing to that of RW, the IGWs can be viewed as the ambient noise to the motion of RW. From this point, the nonlinear interaction among a RWand two IGWs can be understood as the course of energy exchanging between large scale RW and ambient noise.


Describes how, in order to control the flow of photo-cassettes in an automatic sorting system, a local photo printer laboratory has developed a unique moulded container which is able to accept and to maintain in a fixed position the different film cassette types currently in use: 24/36 roll films, pocket size, mini-pocket. The containers pass different automatic magazining stations equipped with robotic handlers. Each handler has the task to pick up a specific class of film and stack it into a magazine for further processing. The goal was the optical recognition of the film type by company brand, number of exposures and sensitivity. The only cue available for an optical classification was the printed patterns on the label. As colour was not available, the authors choose 3 types of visual greylevel features for automatic classification.


In 23 patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases, viscosity, airway resistance, arterial blood gases and acid-base balance, and sputum aspect were measured before and after one-week treatment with Ozothin, a substance from oxidation products of ol. terebinth. and terpinum hydratum. Within this time, viscosity of the sputum was reduced, airway resistance decreased, and arterial oxygen pressure slightly increased, whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension obvious change of sputum aspect could be observed. Correlation calculations revealed no significant relations between viscosity and the above cited lung function values. The results indicate that administration of Ozothin may liquefy viscous secretion and reduce sputum viscosity.


The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soil management and planting spacing on establishment performance of mixed swards of purple stargrass ( Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. BRS Lua) and forage peanut ( Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte). The treatments comprised two methods of soil management (conventional tillage, with desiccation followed by harrowing; and no-tillage, with sequential desiccation with glyphosate) and two planting spacing (50 and 100 cm between rows) that were arranged in a split-plot design. Both methods of soil management ensured rapid pasture establishment, with canopy cover greater than 94% at 84 days after planting, with the NT surpassing the CT, and at a cost of NT 7% lower. Reducing planting spacing from 100 cm to 50 cm accelerated canopy cover and reduced weed incidence. No-tillage was as efficient in establishing mixed swards as conventional tillage.


The invention relates to a polyamide/nano expanded graphite/carbon fiber high-strength conducting composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material contains the following components of 100 parts of main substrate polyarylether, 1-6 parts of expanded graphite of which the expansion ratio is more than 100 times, and 1-20 parts of reinforcer carbon fiber. The reinforcer carbon fiber is added to a polyamide/nano expanded graphite compound system to prepare the high-strength high-conductivity composite material. Although the content of the carbon fiber and the expanded graphite is small, the bulk conductivity of the system can reach 10-2S/m, the mechanical properties of the system are excellent, the tensile strength can reach 120.34 MPa, the bending strength reaches 195.51 MPa, and the impact strength is 37.33 KJ/m . The invention has excellent over-all properties, thereby having broad industrialization prospects. The invention is expected to be widely used in the fields of anti-static materials, electromagnetic shielding materials, microwave absorption and the like.


Simulation is one thing but decision making is quite another. Simulation is a wonderful research tool that provides enlightening insight and helps to define research priorities, while encouraging a certain humility with regard to one's own performance in research. Decision making is very different from simulation; it is usually done without the help of simulation and, certainly in crop protection, simulation is not even a prerequisite. Even so, we claim that simulation is a good tool with which to support management and decision making. In Chapter 5, preliminary results of a combination of simulation and managerial models were given. Our claim, therefore, will be considered in the light of agro-automation. Before going into detail, some aspects of decision making in agriculture, and more specifically in crop protection, will be discussed.


The utility model relates to a camshaft lubricating oil path structure, and belongs to the technical field of machining design of engine accessories. The oil path structure comprises a camshaft body and a plurality of sets of valve cams arranged on the camshaft body; a camshaft neck is arranged between every two valve cams, and lubricating oil grooves are formed in the external circumference walls of the camshaft necks. Compared with the prior art, the lubricating oil grooves are formed in the camshaft necks, the machining difficulty is reduced, the lubricating uniformity and the lubricating effect of the camshaft necks are ensured, and the friction resistance and abrasion of the camshaft body in the cold starting process of an engine can be avoided.


This paper is a description of how marketing occurs in the forests of Malaysia, a focus made on the direct selling and relationship marketing in those jungles where marketers/sales people get access to their customers. These potential customers living in the shelter houses temporarily prepared in the jungles where the customers are employed for various assignments. An observation method for data and information gathering is acquired. Discussion/ unstructured interviews are made with the sales people and customers to understand the essence of direct selling and the relationship that the marketers have developed with the customers who live in the jungles. Also, pictures were drawn with a digital camera to reveal how the customers and the marketers relate while dealing with each other.


This paper,researching into digital signture based on both symmetric and unsymmetrical key,proposes a new scheme to implement digital signature,which can afford to overcome the defects in aforementioned two methods.


This paper examines the impact of new technologies on demand for air travel. The authors collected all the data that were available at the time (1993) and tried to understand the underlying trend, with a focus on the substitution of technology for business travel. They did a statistical analysis of various economic factors as they related to business and leisure travel separately. They focused on communications technology and the degree to which there might be offsetting potential They examined future consequences for travel generally.


The use of productivity measures based on the assumption of perfect competition to evaluate public policies can lead to incorrect conclusions about them. In this sense, the present research aims to analyze how far from perfect competition the Brazilian industry is. The results indicated that the prices are, in general, 2.41 times marginal cost, which shows that the perfect competition hypothesis is not valid for the Brazilian industry and indicate that not considering the competition pattern lead to incorrect conclusions. The forest and metallurgy sectors had the highest mark ups (3.81 and 2.95 respectively), and these results are robust to assumptions about scale economies and different measures of mark up.


Background: Changing epidemiographic profile with increase in cardiovascular risk factors in developing nations is well documented. Our study sought to describe how this has affected the cardiovascular disease profile of patients reviewed by echocardiography in two hospitals, one in South-East Nigeria and the other in South-East India. Objective: We compared the range of cardiovascular diagnoses encountered in a Nigerian hospital and an Indian hospital. The underlying objective was to document any difference in cardiovascular disease patterns between the two tertiary hospitals in different regions of the developing world. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study of echocardiographic records of the two hospitals: November 19, 2012 to September 20, 2013 for Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Umuahia, Nigeria and March 4, 2013 to April 30, 2013 for Madras Medical Mission (MMM), Chennai, India. Results: In FMC, Umuahia, hypertensive heart disease was the only common echocardiographic abnormality. Valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy were also frequently encountered. In the MMM, ischemic heart disease and valvular heart disease were common echocardiographic abnormalities. Echocardiographic diagnosis correlated significantly with gender in MMM. Conclusions: The findings of this limited study underscore the need for the intensification of therapeutic measures and lifestyle modifications to reverse the trend in India as well as Blood pressure control and other strategies to avert the gathering cardiovascular storm in Nigeria.


PART ONE: WINDS OF INFLUENCE: HINDUISM IN THE BRITISH IMAGINATION, 1600-1800 Hinduism in Travel and Missionary Accounts, 1600-1800 Hinduism as Represented by Protestant Friends of Mission in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries Orientalist Models and Missionary Scholarship PART TWO: THE CONSTRUCTION OF MISSIONARY MODELS Hinduism in Missionary Education and Training The Emergence of a Dominant Paradigm William Carey A Pioneer's Journey of Exploration William Ward's 'History' The Guardians-Consolidating the Paradigm Duff, Mundy and Others Hinduism in Missionary Society Periodical Literature A Changing Context Some General Developments Affecting Missionary Perceptions of Hinduism, 1850-1900 Critics and Commentators on the Dominant View, 1850-1900 Empathy or Otherness? Changing Evaluations of Hinduism in the Nineteenth Century Gender Issues in the Construction of Hinduism with Special Reference to the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society, 1880-1900


In the future, aircraft with bigger electrical loads will become more common. The power systems that deliver the electrical energy will need to be able to respond to this new demand. The emergency power systems present in existing airplanes, commonly a ram air turbine (RAT) or an air-driven generator (ADG), will also need to be improved. However, this can be difficult because an increase in the size of the RAT is almost impossible, especially in small and medium aircraft. This paper presents a hybrid emergency power system for a more electric aircraft. The system is hybrid because a lithium-ion battery pack is added in parallel with the ADG of the aircraft. A voltage controlled DC/DC converter is used to create a continuous voltage bus of 270 V from the batteries. An inverter transforms the bus in a 200 V at 400 Hz three-phase voltage. The simulation models of the RAT, ADG, the two converters, and the battery are presented. A simulation of an emergency landing was done and the results showed that the hybr...


We study the divergence theorem on pseudo-Finsler spaces and obtain a completely Finslerian version for spaces having a vanishing mean Cartan torsion. This result helps to clarify the problem of energy-momentum conservation in Finsler gravity theories.


Treatment options for ankle arthrodesis continue to be an area of interest for orthopaedic surgeons. Distraction arthroplasty for the ankle has been shown to be a viable alternative to ankle fusion for some people. This paper reviews the various treatment options for ankle arthrodesis while describing in detail the use of the Ilizarov frame in distraction arthroplasty of the ankle.


Acknowledged in tourism literature, cultural properties play an important role in influencing tourists' visit intention (Calver & Page, 2013) and reflect indigenous attributes of local provinces as historical culture resources (Kemperman, Borgers, & Timmermans, 2009). To investigate factors that attract tourists, we applied value theories in cultural property and consumption to explain tourists' visit intention of cultural properties. This study used six constructs to test our theoretical model, including three value dimensions of cultural properties (aestheticism, education and history: Calver & Page, 2013; de la Torre, 2013; MacKay & Fesenmaier, 2000), two value dimensions of consumption (utilitarianism and hedonism: Babin, Darden, & Griffin, 1994; Wertenbroch & Dhar, 2000), and tourists' visit intention (Park & Yoon, 2009).


As early as 1722 it was known' that Rotrou derived the plot and the leading characters of Venceslas, his most celebrated work, from No hay ser padre siendo rey, but the source of the latter play remained undiscovered in spite of the various researches that it occasioned. Voltaire considered Rotrou's plot entirely fabulous.2 Proper names, usually the principal resource of investigators, have in this case led them astray by suggesting that the history of a king called "Venceslas" was the source of the plays, although this name, found in Rotrou's play, does not occur in the Spanish work, where the monarch is referred to merely as Rey de Polonia. It has even been assumed that the sovereign treated is the Venceslas who was king of Poland and Bohemia at the end of the thirteenth century,3 even though the life of that monarch is admitted to offer no resemblance to the incidents of the French tragedy, and it is difficult o see how this man, who was not yet thirty-five at his death, could be the prototype of the elderly king described by Rotrou and Rojas. Person4 searched through various histories of Poland and Bohemia for sovereigns named "Venceslas," who might guide him to some anecdote on which the play could have been based. But it should have been evident enough to him that Rotrou's proper names could furnish no guidance, except in so far as they agreed with those of his Spanish source, for it is highly improbable that Rotrou had the least idea of the material


The Lafonia Group was described in detail by Trewin and others (2002) in a publication that incorporated work carried out as part of a PhD project by Thomas (2001) at Aberdeen University. The contrary view of Meadows (1999) notwithstanding, a very close comparison was drawn between the Lafonia Group and part of the South African, Karoo Supergroup succession which it was felt strengthened the rotational model of the Falkland Islands' origins at the eastern margin of the Karoo Basin. Six points of close lithostratigraphical similarity were stressed.


Due to the rise in the prevalence of chronic non-transmissible diseases there has been an increased interest in investigating the association of these diseases with lifestyle, particularly dietary intake (DI) and phycal activity patterns of populations. There is very limited information on DI of the Brazilian population. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, and energy intake (EI) of a typical day in a probabilistic sample (n=1726) of the adult (≥ 20 years) population of the city of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DI was measured by 24 hour dietary recall, body mass (BM) and stature were measured in the household and energy expenditure (EE) was estimated by too diferents methods (Flex-heart rate method and FAO (2004) recommendation). The results showed that the mean (± standard error) of EI was 1570.9 ± 24.1 and 2188,8 ± 46,1 kcal.day-1, for women and men, respectively. Protein intake was above the recommendation (1.07 ± 0.02 e 1.28 ± 0.03 g.kg-1.day-1).
Underweight women had higher lipid intake (31.2 ± 1.1%). EE was higher in obese women and men (1511.5  19.5 and 2222.3  68.8 kcal.day-1, respectively) due to their higher BM. Measured energy balance (EI – EE) decreased with increasing body mass index (BMI) in both women and men and was negative (-3.2  131 kcal.day-1) in obese men. EI divided by basal metabolic rate (BMR) decreased with increasing BMI in women and was 1.20 ± 0.04 in obese women. In conclusion, EI of the adult population of Niteroi is within the recommended values despite the high prevalences of overweight
(32.0 and 34.4%) and obesity (15.1 and 13.8%) in women and men, respectively. EI decreased with increasing of BMI indicating underreporting of EI, which could be explained, in part, by the verestimation of equations used to calculate BMR or by the overestimation in the calculation of EE. It is imperative that better estimates of BMR and consequently EE be developed for this population


Mr. Wright, in his presentation of the Sterling Area's gold and dollar accounts for the period I946-52, finds it convenient to include aid receipts by the United Kingdom and the overseas members of the Sterling Area along with their net balances from all other gold and dollar transactions, since his purpose is to draw attention to individual Sterling Area members' relationships to the centrally-held gold and dollar reserves. This method of presentation, naturally enough, obscures the great changes which have taken place during the postwar years in the Sterling Area's gold and dollar accounts before taking account of its members' receipts of dollar aid.' Data for I953 and I954 have been published since Mr. Wright prepared his tabulation of the Sterling Area's postwar gold and dollar accounts (Table I accompanying his article). When these two years are added to the record, and when Mr. Wright's figures are re-arranged to segregate the Sterling Area's receipts of dollar aid from the gold and dollar transactions exclusive of aid, it will be found as a first approximation that the nine postwar years can be most satisfactorily viewed in terms of the four clearly differentiated periods shown in Table i. Excluding its receipts of aid, the Sterling Area as a whole incurred a cumulative net gold and dollar deficit of $8.3 billion over the four years I946-49.2 The second period covers the year and a half from the beginning of I950 to mid-i95 I, when the Sterling Area had a large gold and dollar surplus (before counting aid receipts) of $I.2 billion, owing mainly to the favorable effects on its balance of payments of the realignment of world currency values toward the end of I949, a tightening of dollar import restrictions, and an inflow of dollars associated with the spectacular rise in Sterling Area raw material export prices which began shortly after the outbreak of fighting in Korea.3 The third period covers the twelve months from


Transverse SBS characteristics of the KD*P crystal were determined by the method of SBS generation excitation in the transverse resonator. Fused silica was utilized as the test medium. Experimental oscillograms of Stokes pulses were processed by the method of pulse form approximation using the four-parametric function of time.


L EO SZIIARD COINED THE WORD BREEDER DURING THE Metallurgical Project of World War II to denote a nuclear reactor in which more fissile atoms are produced than are burned. The feasibility in principle of nuclear breeding had been recognized in 1942, when the number of neutrons produced per neutron absorbed in 239Pu or 233U was shown to exceed two. In a plutonium breeder one of these neutrons causes fission; the remaining neutrons convert 238U into 239Pu. Only 238U is consumed in the process, the 239Pu being regenerated. Thus 239Pu acts rather as a catalyst for the burning of 23 U; and breeders are sometimes referred to as catalytic nuclear burners. When the breeding principle was discovered, the uranium resource ofthe United States was estimated at a few thousand tons. Of this, less than 1 percent is fissile 235U. Thus, in the early days of nuclear energy, it was generally believed that breeders, which burned the abundant 238U, would soon be necessary if nuclear fission were to become an important source ofenergy. Development of the breeder reactor became nuclear energy's Holy Grail. Today the world's uranium resource, at a price of $130 or less per kilogram, is estimated to be around 6 million metric tons; if speculative resources are included, the figure rises to perhaps 24 million tons (1). Since a standard 1000-megawatt electric (MWe) light-water reactor (LWR) with a once-through fuel cycle at 70 percent load factor uses 150 tons ofuranium per year, the 6-millionton resource would suffice for 3 x 104 gigawatt years of electricity generated by LWR's. The world's installed nuclear capacity of about 400 gigawatts electric (GWe) (including reactors under construction) could be sustained for about 100 years on this uranium resource; or for much longer if the speculative resources, or the very extensive resource at even lower grades, are included. At concentrations below 5 to 10 parts per million, however, nmore energy is probably required to extract the uranium fromt its ore than is retumed when the uranium is burned in an LWR. Only a breeder can burn the trillions of tons of uranium found in ordinary granitic rock with a comfortable positive net energy balance. The breeder must therefore be regarded as being, for all practical purposes, an inexhaustible energy source, like fusion or solar energy. In the relatively short run, the world's supply ofnuclear fuel seems to be assured even if nuclear energy is based on existing reactors, which burn less than 1 percent of the uranium. Thus the challenge raised by W. B. Lewis in his famous paper of 1963, "Breeders are not necessary" (2), is still relevant some 23 years later, especially since the development of breeders is a central elemnent of the world's research and development in nuclear energy. In short, are breeders still necessary? Proponents of breeders had always conceded that, although breeders might be necessary eventually, when they would be deployed depended on the cost of electricity from breeders compared to the cost of electricity from competing resources, particularly LWR's. The cost of electricity from any thermal generating plant consists of three components: capital, fuel, and operating and maintenance. In general, the fuel cycle cost of the breeder is lower and its capital cost higher than for the LWR. Moreover, the fuel cost for the breeder, because the breeder utilizes uranium so much more efficiently than does the LWR, is less sensitive to the price of uranium ore than is the fuel cost of the LWR. The fuel cycle cost in the nonrecycle LWR, in mills (1 mill $0.001) per kilowatt-hour electric,


The Cooper-Harper scale provides a structured approach for assessing handling qualities. It ties performance and relative pilot workload to the Handling Qualities Rating (HQR) of a task such that neither one, in isolation, is used to assess handling qualities. Prior work demonstrated that the Spare Capacity OPerator Estimator (SCOPE), whose elements derive from tracking error and pilot control motion, could predict HQR and performance for a single-axis task by applying a model of pilot control and an objective function driving pilot behavior to establish reference workload associated with Level 1 and Level 2 handling qualities. Level 1 workload is generated using elementary vehicle dynamics for executing the task. Level 2 workload is generated using vehicle dynamics that are degraded to produce a response coinciding with the adequate performance criteria. This method of workload calibration avoids using training data collected from pilots. The work presented in this paper extends SCOPE's single-axis predictive capabilities to multi-axis coupled control using the same perceptual principles used in SCOPE, where individual stimuli are perceived collectively as the product of their logarithms. SCOPE's predictive performance and HQR estimates were tested using data from a high-fidelity piloted simulation study for a variety of evaluation tasks using two representative Future Vertical Lift rotorcraft configurations (a lift offset coaxial helicopter with a pusher propeller and a tiltrotor). The SCOPE derived estimates compared favorably with the pilot performance and ratings from the simulation study.


Radar rainfall field doe s hardly contain an y information abou t t he future rain e volution. Such information is potentially included in the rain field forecasted b y a NWP model. The pape r deals with verification o f this evolution g iven b y different NWP models using radar data bo th for convective and stratiform storms. A comparison o f rain field e volution p redicted b y the models and observed b y MRL-5 radar shows there exists not very high bu t nevertheless s ignificant correlation (up to 0 .6) between predicted and observed evolution o f area-averaged rainfall and rain field o ccupation (percentage of raining p ixels). This c orrelation permit to improve predicted (area-averaged) parameters of the rain fields. Radar rainfall nowcasting, constructed as Lagrangian persistence forecast, suffers from the fact that the rain intensity or accumulation is normally assumed to be invariable though everybody knows the rain systems are changing rapidly. Introduction of the rain evolution may improve the forecast. Increasing o r decreasing o f area-averaged rainfall does not present any problems, but difficulties appear when one wants to kill some raining pixels or to create new ones. The question is in which location a new raining pixel should be formed or the old rain pixel annihilated. An experimental solution is proposed.


Rotavirus strains causing gastroenteritis inBrazilian children were characterized byPCR-basedtyping assays.Inaddition tostrains bearing themajorhumanG andP types, large numbersofstrains bearing P3 (M37-like), P6(HCR3-like), untypeable PandG types, andcomplex mixtures ofP andG types notpreviously recognized were present inthecommunity. GroupA rotaviruses aretheleading causeofacutegastroenteritis inyoungchildren, andthey arethesubject ofintense vaccine research (3). Results fromvaccine trials havesuggested theneedforhomotypic immunization forprotection against rotavirus disease. Therefore, knowledge ofthediversity anddistribution ofrotavirus serotypes circulating ina community iscrucial totheformulation ofanadequate vaccine andto theevaluation ofhomotypic andheterotypic protection after vaccination. Rotavirus serotypes areindependently defined by thevirus outercapsid proteins VP7(Gtype) andVP4(Ptype). Amongthe14knownrotavirus G types, 7 were foundin humans(4,12). TypesGl toG4 arewidespread andhave frequently beenassociated withdiarrhea inchildren, whereas typesG8,G9,andG12 haverarely beenassociated with disease. Recently, thetwoimportant bovine serotypes, G6 and G10, were recovered ina fewcasesofdiarrhea inchildren (8, 20). Amongthe12knownPtypes, thefollowing 6were found inhumans: P1(Wa-like), P2(DS1-like), P3(M37-like), P4 (K8-like), P5(69M-like), andP6 (HCR3-like) (4,14).In addition, aPtypesimilar tothatofthebovine strain B223was foundinstrains recovered fromasymptomatic neonatesin India (6). Inthepresent study, we analyzed rotavirus-positive stool specimens obtained fromchildren, mostly under4yearsofage, withacutegastroenteritis inthemostdeveloped state ofBrazil. Thespecimens were collected atdaycarecenters andfrom ambulatory andhospitalized patients during a 7-year period. Specimens collected until mid-1991 were frompatients living intheSaoPaulometropolitan area.Later, additional centers located in11other cities inthestatejoined thesurvey,and these centers contributed themajority ofthespecimens collected in1992. Fecalrotavirus detection was performed by enzymeimmunoassay, RNA electropherotyping, andelectron


Polymers are frequently used as packaging material for food and therefore it is of concern that migrating substances such as additives or degradation products could contaminate the food. Sometimes ...


Objective:To investigate and analyse the operation room emergency nursing method to obstetric DIC hysterectomy patients,find out more effective methods of care.Method:62 cases of obstetric DIC hysterectomy patients in author's hospital from October 2012 to October 2013 were selected as the observation group,were given for the corresponding emergency nursing,and 60 cases with routine emergency nursing care from September 2010 to September 2012 were selected as control group,the emergency effect of two groups were observed.Result:62 cases in the observation group were successful out of danger by corresponding emergency nursing,were cured after the average length of(18.5±1.5)d.60 cases in the control group,54 cases were successful out of danger,6 cases were dead,the remaining patients were cured after the average length of(26.8±2.5)d,the differences of the success rate and the time of hospitalization between two groups were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Obstetric DIC hysterectomy patients in operation room with corresponding emergency nursing,can effectively reduce the operation risk,contributes to the successful completion of the operation,improve the quality of life of patients.


Bullying is a form of adolescent's negative behavior that continues to increase in school. The involvement of adolescents as the bullies are related to the mental health condition. This study aimed to find the correlation between bullying and mental health on student high school in Banda Aceh. 400 adolescents in Banda Aceh (265 females and 135 males) were invited to participated in the study were using Multi-stage Cluster and Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The data was collected using The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and Mental Health Inventory-38 (MHI-38). The data was analyzed using nonparametric statistic with Spearman's Rho correlation technique. The result showed that the value of correlation coefficient (r) = -0,157 with significant value (p) = 0,002 (p<0,05), which mean that there was a negative and significant correlation between bullying and mental health on adolescents' high school in Banda Aceh. The result showed that the lower score of bullying intensity has followed the higher score of mental health, and vice versa. In conclusion, the result showed that bullying has related significantly to the mental health of adolescent. The result also showed that the majority of adolescents in Banda Aceh is at lower bullying and high mental health categorization.


Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been introduced by Directive 2001/42/CE (Directive) concerning the environmental effects of plans and programmes with the goal of providing governments with a decision support system to prevent negative consequences before programming and planning instruments are approved. The Directive has been receipted by member states according to a pattern of acts, schedules and interpretations (Sadler at al, 2011).


The objective of this report is to provide a general overview of the process of transformation and development of the financial system in Spain that has taken place since the decade of the seventies in the past century. The report shows the main distinctive features of the financialisation process of the Spanish economy, its main determinant elements, and its economic impact, paying special attention to the current economic and financial crisis.


The Pakistan government is exhausted with the despicable rate of return from education. Punjab province took the preponderance amount of the budget for quality education due to the large population density. Thus, this study longitudinal study embraces the distribution and effectiveness of necessary facilities that consume most educational budgets through extensive analysis. Hence, the main finding indicated that the Punjab province showed a radical improvement in resource equity and student learning outcomes. However, the study noted that a lot has to be done to evaluate resources since significant improvements are observed, but not an achievement.


In this paper we introduced the normal mode analysis for two–dimensional problems of the generalized linear thermo–viscoelasticity with one relaxation time. The exact expressions for the temperature distribution, the displacement components and the stress are obtained. The resulting formulation is applied to three different concrete problems. The first deals with a thick plate subjected to a time–dependent heat source on each face. The second concerns to the case of a heated punch moving across the surface of a semi– infinite thermo–viscoelastic half–space subjected to appropriate boundary conditions and the third problem deals with a plate with thermo–isolated surfaces subjected to a time– dependent compression. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically for each problem. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by the coupled theory.


In this article we introduce a new type of cyclic contraction mapping on a pair of subsets of a metric space with a graph and prove best proximity points results for the same. Also, we demonstrate that the number of such points is same with the number of connected subgraphs. Hereafter, we introduce a fixed point mapping obtained from the aforesaid cyclic contraction and prove some fixed point theorems which will be used to find a common solution for a system of periodic boundary value problems. Our results unify and subsume many existing results in the literature


What is "Islamic" Art? Between Religion and Perception, by Wendy M. K. Shaw. Cambridge University Press, 2019. 382pp., 34 b/w figures and 18 colour plates. Hb. € 36,75. ISBN-13: 9781108474658.


Feeling co-present and connected over distance is a challenge. To create a sense of sharing a space over distance and being together in the periphery of daily life, we designed and implemented a pair of connected picture frames that display paintings generated from live camera streams. These paintings are abstracted based on the distance of the user from the device, and are sent between two portals that can be placed anywhere in the world. We deployed the Painting Portals during a week-long field study investigating how a distance-separated mother and daughter experienced the use of the Painting Portals. We generated recommendations for future design and research, including: (1) stylizing the paintings in a way that better captures emotion/sentiment, (2) placing multiple Painting Portals in different common areas throughout a home, (3) incorporating a video call feature into the Painting Portals, and (4) adding the option to turn off one's camera for more privacy.


Schwannomas are known as neurilemmonas, the most common benign tumor of the peripheral nerve's neural sheath, arising from the Schwann cells derived from the neural crest. They are the commonest tumor of the peripheral nerves, 5% of which occur in the adults. 19% of the tumors occur in upper extremities and 45% of schwannoma occur in the head and neck and 13.5% in the lower limbs. Volar surface is affected more than the dorsal aspect and they may occur as multiple lesions or they may affect different nerves in the same extremity. Despite the classical description that schwannomas are well encapsulated and can be completely enucleated during excision, a portion of them have fascicular involvement and could not be completely shelled out. 75% of schwannoma of the upper extremity occur at elbow or distal to it. It occurs more in the mixed nerve instead of pure sensory or motor nerve. 50 %of patients have mixed nerve involvement. An important variant of schwannoma with degenerative changes are termed as Ancient schwannoma. This assumes significance since this may be confused with malignancy in both imaging and in histological studies. A clear understanding is crucial to the treatment plan for nerve tumors. We report a rare case of ancient schwannoma of the median nerve and take a review of the peripheral nerve tumors. pguygv neural sheath, arising from the Schwann cells derived from the neural crest (1) They are present as a painless swelling along the course of the nerves for a long time. They are the commonest tumor of the peripheral nerves, 5% of which occur in the adults (2). 19% of the tumors occur in upper extremities.(3) and 45% of schwannoma occur in the head and neck and 13.5% in the lower limbs. Discomfort may be the only complaint of the patient. Paraesthesia may be elicited on tapping of the swelling. The swelling may be misdiagnosed as ganglion, lipoma or lymph node. The tumors are round or ovoid, eccentric and well encapsulated. They are usually 2.5cm in size but they may grow up to 45 cm. The tumor is grayish, pink, yellow, brown or white in color. They are solitary and found along the anterior aspect of the extremities by the side of the nerves. Ancient schwannomas are a variant of schwannomas of long duration with degenerative changes. In long standing tumors the cut section may show variegated appearance and degenerative changes. The histological and radiological picture resembles that of malignancy but they are benign lesions. This case is reported for the rare nature of the ancient schwannoma of the median nerve and to analyze the surgical options available. II. Material and methods 2.1 case report A 75 years old lady presented with a painless swelling in the right cubital fossa of 10 years duration with complaints of increase in size of the swelling associated with pain for the past one year. She complained of pain and Paraesthesia in the median nerve distribution area of the right hand. She has numbness of the right hand with weakness in performing her day to day activities. There was atrophy of the Thenar muscles. The swelling measured 3.5 cm in length. The swelling was mobile on the transverse axis and not on the longitudinal c{kv .Tjgug zcv oqwqu zgcmpgvv cnvq. Pguexvvkqp qygu wjg pguyg ruqfxegf rqvkwkyg Tkpgnv vkip. Tjgug zcv nqvv of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve in the hand. The patient refused to undergo MRI examination due to economy reasons. A surgical workup and a preoperative anesthetist assessment were obtained. With a clinical diagnosis of median nerve tumor the patient was planned for excision of the tumor. It was explained to the patient regarding the neurological deficit following the surgery and she may need a sural pguyg iuchw. Skpeg wjg rcwkgpwv


In this paper, we introduce a compact two-dimensional (2-D) complex variable technique with the order-marching time-domain (OMTD) scheme to solve lossy uniform transmission line problems. By applying the complex variable technique to dealing with the partial derivative with respect to wave propagation direction in Maxwell's equations, the spatial attenuation along the propagation direction will be taken into account. Thus, in the heavy loss cases, more accurate results can be obtained as compared with conventional real variable technique. At the same time, the weighted Laguerre polynomials and Galerkin's testing procedure are chosen to treat with the time variable analytically. This OMTD method is free of stability constraint and may be computationally much more efficient than the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with too many time steps to compute the solution. In the numerical example, the proposed method shows its advantage of efficiency and accuracy.


Past studies have shown positive correlations between the arts and academic achievement when the arts were integrated into the literature curriculum. Other studies have shown positive associations between the arts and other areas of the curriculum, such as mathematics and science. Considering the Theory of Change, which employs understandings in Critical Literacy, Multimodal Literacy, and Transmediation, this study employed a multi-stage cluster randomized design and conducted a series of comparison and treatment group statistical analyses among predominantly low income students in an urban school district, some of whom had participated in the Integrating Theater Arts Project (ITAP). The study assessed whether a relationship existed between the presence of a theater arts intervention and student achievement in language arts and mathematics. Results showed that students receiving intervention often outperformed their control group counterparts in both math and language arts. Furthermore, students in the theater arts program outperformed their control group counterparts in every case that showed statistical significance. These cases included math achievement among sixth grade students, both language arts and math achievement of sixth grade males, and math achievement of sixth grade Hispanics. The authors conclude that programs like ITAP and methods relative to the Theory of Change may in fact promote academic achievement among participating students. They also invite future studies to consider how achievement of other academic subjects – in this case, mathematics – may also relate to such interventions.


ABSTRACTSeaports are global hubs for the transportation of goods. They play an important role in today's global societies and are critical nodes in transportation networks. Sustainable energy use impacts people, the world's environment, and is relevant to the operation and maintenance of ports.In this article, an inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the port of Chennai is made by accounting for the various port facilities, the housing areas, and the fishing harbour, all managed by the port of Chennai. GHG emissions are quantified by following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the World Port Climate Initiative (WPCI). Our estimate of GHG emissions for the financial year 2014-15 indicates that 280,558 tonnes of CO2e/year were generated by the port and port related activities. The detailed estimation of energy consumption and emissions generated by the individual systems are useful for energy engineers when implementing energy conservation measures and renew...


The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the impact that preprocessing of conversation episodes has on speech fluency and message strategy selection. This study sought to define imagined interaction activity as a precommunicative mental rehearsal strategy. The primary focus of the present investigation was to link the rehearsal function of imagined interaction to preplanning for anticipated encounters. The present investigation used an experimental design that included two independent variables; (1)induced rehearsal; and (2)an individual tendency to rehearse mentally, operationalized via imagined interaction. Five variables served as dependent measures for the present investigation. Three pausal variables were examined: (1) silent; (2) ah; and (3) non-ah. Speech onset latency and message strategy use also served as dependent variables. Results indicated that there were significant main effects for silent pauses for both of the independent variables. Results also indicated that there were significant main effects for message strategy use for both of the independent variables. Main effects for onset latency were found to be significant in the induced rehearsal condition only. Conclusions for the present investigation are discussed in terms of planning for anticipated encounters.


Disturbances are inherent in every socio-ecological system (SES). However, the spate and scope of upheavals in contemporary SES has increased dramatically in recent years. Agricultural systems are perhaps the most impacted when disasters occur because different aspects of agricultural production are directly affected. The burgeoning farmers-Fulani herdsmen conflict in West Africa is a manifestation of these challenges. When faced with events like these, contemporary food systems are faced with two options: collapse or transform. It is essential to have resilient agricultural systems because these systems lie at the nexus of resolving emerging global issues. Nigeria is an important country in western Africa; it is the most populous African country. Agriculture plays an indispensable role in the country, employing two-thirds of the labor force. However, the sector is bedeviled by a plethora of challenges. Despite these challenges, it produces about 50 million metric tons of cassava annually which is the largest in the world. The average yield of 13.63 metric tons (MT) per ha is compared against a potential yield of up to 40 MT per ha; this huge difference between current yield and potential yield underscores the importance of resilience. To analyze the resilience of food systems in Nigeria, the five-step framework ("Resilience of what?", "Resilience to what?", "Resilience for what", "Resilience Capacities", "Resilience enhancing attributes") developed by Meuwissen et al. (2018) was used in this study. To give a contextual view of the study area, the framework guided an analysis of the food systems through a literature review focused on the state of farming in the country. In addition, a subjective and objective evaluation approach was used to draft survey questions that were distributed to farmers in southwest Nigeria to investigate these issues in more detail on a local scale. We conclude that food systems in Nigeria have been at the reorientation phase of the adaptive cycle and that there is need for increased stakeholder involvement, particularly at the government level, to help farmers harness the benefits of resilience in the system.


This study aims to analyze the effect of crossword puzzle learning media on learning and social science learning outcomes of elementary school students. The research method practiced is a meta-analysis by describing the results of the analysis of various studies, in various schools in Indonesia, which have been published nationally. The sample is ten articles that have been published in accredited national journals from 2014 to 2019. The writing instrument is in the form of a coding sheet containing data and information on research findings in each article. Based on the analysis, the average size effect of crossword puzzles on learning and overall Social Science learning outcomes is 1.49 which is included in the high category of effectiveness. The average value of crossword puzzles effect on social science learning outcomes based on the dependent variable is 2.25 which is also included in the high category. This fact denotes that crossword puzzles are effective in teaching Social Sciences on any material, and have an effect on decent student learning outcomes.


With increasing use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in several industries such as aviation, automotive and construction, effective diagnosis and prognosis of composites have become an extremely critical task in recent years. Despite outstanding qualities of light-weight, high specific stiffness and strength, composites are often vulnerable to damages caused due to fatigue or external impacts which compromise their performance and hence propel the need of periodic inspection by robust non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. Further, accurate health prognosis is critical for condition-based maintenance (CBM) and for reducing life-cycle costs by taking full advantage of remaining-useful-life (RUL) of equipment. In this paper delamination growth caused by fatigue loading in Mode I GFRP sample is periodically inspected by optical transmission scanning (OTS) and guided waves (GW), which are excited and sensed by miniature surface-mounted piezoelectric sensors (PZT). An integrated prognostics framework for estimation of damage propagation based on Bayesian updating is proposed, which utilizes exponential model and CBM data obtained from NDE techniques. Results effectively compare and demonstrate the prognostic capabilities of the two NDE methods on inspection of GFRP composites. Introduction In last few decades, composite materials have gained immense popularity and replaced metals or alloys in several industries namely aviation, automotive, space and construction owing to their salient properties of light-weight, high specific stiffness and strength. Laminated fiberreinforced composite materials are also known for their good environmental resistance and fatigue resistance. However, such composite structures are often vulnerable to flaws during fabrication and service such as impacts damages or disbonds in adhesive joints, which may be hidden in internal layers and barely visible on outer surfaces. Complex damage mechanisms demand the use of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques such as vibration, acoustic emission, X-ray imaging etc. for inspection of composite materials [1-4]. Information about present damage state obtained from NDE of composites further facilitates prediction of future health status of structures and allows condition-based-maintenance of components in industries. Accurate health prognostics is critical for reducing overall life-cycle costs by taking full advantage of the remaining useful life (RUL) of a component.


This is the dramatic story of the provincial outsider, born in a backwater and with no expectations of power, who came to found Europe.


Color order systems in art and science utilize color scales and color circles from Antiquity to our times. Albert Munsell made a profound effort to arrange color sequences according to perceived equidistance. Decades later the CIE issued a perceptually uniform color space. The objective of our study was to investigate the ability of young subjects to create uniform color scales along perceptual axis. A group of 52 university students with tested normal color vision took part in our experiments. Their task was to create spatially uniform patches using water-color: to hand paint a color circle according to the geometry and method of Johannes Itten, and a 16 hue color wheel using red, blue and yellow paints only. A requirement for all tasks was, that the created color sequences were equidistant perceptually relying on their own judgment. The subjects were given a brief introduction to color science prior to the experiment. After completing the tasks all samples were measured by a reflectance spectrophotometer. We studied the painted color scales in the CIELAB color space.