Objective – to study the character of ultra- structural changes in the tissue macrophages under the eff ect to complex of accessory factors promoting reparative process activation in the wound: ozone therapy, local application of autologous platelet-rich-plasma.Materials and methods. The patients were divided into three groups. The 1st group included 23 (32,85%) individuals who were treated by means of ozone therapy. The 2nd group included 23 (32,85%) patients treated by means of local platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy. The control group included 24 (34,28%) individuals who received a complex of therapeutic measures according to the generally accepted method. Surgery or all the patients was performed with maximum saving of the vessels in the plantar region, and the local treatment included topical vacuum therapy in the amount of 5-6 procedures. Electronic- microscopic examination used the fragments of tissue from the wound surface preserved in 2,5% glutaraldehyde solution on phosphate buff erі (рН – 7,2-7,4), followed by further processing in 1% anhydride solution. The material was dehydrated in increasing concentration alcohols and placed into araldite. The morphological structures were contrasted with a concentrated solution of uranyl acetate in the process of dehydration, and on the sections – with lead citrate. The sections 40-60 nm thick obtained by means of ultratome УМТП-3 were examined under the electron microscope TESLA БС-500. The specimens for examination were taken in the patients during dressings on the 7, 14 and 21-23 days of treatment. The dynamics of changes in the tissue macrophages was conducted by means of Astaldi principle generalizing percentage evaluation. It is a semi-quantitative method considering distinctive cytological changes determined in the similar amount of the cells examined (tissue macrophages).Results. Stimulation of the macrophage functional activity under the eff ect of ozone with destructive changes found in the cells without necrotizing damage was found to be explained by apoptosis mechanism involved as a positive factor in the regulation of local homeostasis at the completion of infl ammatory (exudative) phase of the wound process. Activation of phagocytic possibilities of the tissue macrophages with local application of autologous platelet-rich plasma occurs without any signs of apoptosis prevailing, and it is indicative of stimulation of their functional activity by antigenic or enzymatic mechanisms stimulating their functional activity.Conclusions. Stimulation of macrophage functional activity under ozone eff ect and availability of destructive changes in the cells without necrotizing damage can be explained by the involving of apoptosis mechanism as a positive factor in the regulation of local homeostasis at the completion of infl ammatory (exudative) phase of the wound process. Activation of phagocytic possibilities of the tissue macrophages with local application of autologous platelet-rich-plasma occurs without any signs of apoptosis prevailing, and it is indicative of stimulation of their functional activity by antigenic or enzymatic mechanisms stimulating their functional activity.Prospects of further studies. The results obtained confi rm and determine further necessity to conduct search innovations in the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome using the factors of physical and biological eff ect directed to the activation of a reparative process in the wound.


In case of natural catastrophic nuclear accident scenario like Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Fukushi- ma, Japan (11 March 2011) and industrial nuclear accidents like Chernobyl, USSR (March 1986), thousands of curies of activity goes in the public domain and contaminate the drinking water system in the area around the accidental zone. In view of this there is a need to evolve methodology for decontamination of the drinking water without com- promising the drinking water quality. During this work humic coated colloidal suspension of geothite(a-FeO(OH)) followed by ultrafiltration were used to decontaminate the water having 239?240 Pu and 241 Am in the concentration range of 10-100 Bq L -1 . Polydispersive colloids of goe- thite were generated by controlled oxidation of FeSO4 in the presence of NaOH. Size characterization, morphology and elemental profiling of goethite suspension and their aggre- gation with increase in the concentration of humic acid was studied by using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscope hyphenated with energy dispersive spectrometry. Experimental results clearly indicate prefer- ential association of Pu and Am with goethite suspension dominated with 30 nm colloids. The impact of humus material on selectivity of Pu and Am by goethite was studied in the concentration range of 10-100 l gm L -1 of humic acid. This selectivity is further enhanced linearly with the increase in concentration humic acid from 10 to 60 l gm L -1 and thereafter it remains constant. Goethite suspension having a coating of 60 l gm L -1 of humic acid was successfully utilized to decontaminate the water. Goe- thite suspension was separated from the groundwater using Ultra filtration cell with membrane having 500 NMWL (nominal molecular weight limit).


AIM: To study the expression and distribution of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the colon of Spraque Dawly rats. METHODS: Expressions of AQP4 in rats both proximal and distal colon were performed by immunohistochemistry and a monoclonal antibody against AQP4. RESULTS: AQP4 protein was present throughout the whole colon. Its expression in proximal colon was greater than that in distal colon and its expression was decreasing from the tip toward base of the villus. AQP4 protein was present at the basolateral membrane of the absorptive cells lining the villus tip of the colon. The intercalated goblet cells was not labeled. CONCLUSION: Positive AQP4 in rats colon strongly suggests that this protein function as a pathway for water transport in the epithelium.


Antino? (Sheikh cAbddeh). Papyrological Institute of the Royal University of Florence Work during March-April, 1939, brought to light a quantity of papyrus fragments in the mound of ancient debris in the northwestern necropolis. Excavation of the temple of Ramses II, first explored by the Frenchman Gayet in 1896, uncovered extensive areas of paving, inscribed fragments of architraves, and fragments of the roof, court, and hypostyle hall. Pieces of reliefs from Ikhnaton's reign were frequently encountered. On certain columns the name of Ramses II appeared on plaster covering surfaces previously defaced. Within the hypostyle hall was a colossal sandstone statue of a baboon. Trial diggings on some of the knolls at the edge of the ancient city uncovered a vast ensemble of vaulted funerary chambers built of limestone blocks and burnt bricks. They probably date to the Christian period. Plans were made of certain Roman rock-cut tombs at Deir el-Hawa, on the north of Antino?, which contain sarcophagi placed in niches. Still farther north, at Deir el-Dik, a rock-cut Christian chapel was visited. The Greek and Coptic inscriptions in it will be published with the epigraphic material from Antinoe. From a Department of Antiquities release sent by E. Drioton, also published in Egyptian Gazette, May 31, 1939.


This study aims to build a basic theoretical model and an empirical model of lecturer performance through knowledge-based signature skills. It is done by proving and analyzing the influence of intellectual capital on lecturer performance, intellectual capital on knowledge-based signature skills, knowledge based signature skills on lecturer performance, intrinsic motivation on knowledge-based signature skills, inherent motivation on lecturer performance empowerment of creativity on lecturers' performance. Knowledge-based signature skills, empowering creativity on lecturer performance. The population of this study was 21,624 lecturers at private universities in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta by taking a sample of 414 respondents. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis approach was utilized in conjunction with the AMOS 22 program. The results indicate that the model as a whole matches the data. As an intervening variable, this research may provide a knowledge-based signature skill model. This is demonstrated by study findings that indicate a favorable and significant effect of intellectual capital on knowledge-based signature skills. Additionally, this study demonstrates that empowering creativity, intrinsic drive, and knowledge-based signature abilities improves lecturer performance in a substantial way. Additionally, the first hypothesis, that intellectual capital has an effect on lecturers' performance, is denied. The study's new result is that in order to enhance lecturers' performance at private institutions in the Province of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, it is important to foster creativity, intrinsic drive, and knowledge-based signature abilities.


Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disorder defined by recurrent vascular thrombosis, pregnancy loss, or thrombocytopenia and the presence of persistently elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. This syndrome develops secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune disorders, infections, use of certain drugs, and malignancy. Primary APS occurs in isolation and is idiopathic. This article describes the case of a patient with recurrent deep venous thrombosis (DVT) caused by APS that presented as a paraneoplastic phenomenon, unmasking an occult retroperitoneal seminoma.


This article, based on the definitions of the concept and basic characteristics of means of proof, discusses its objectivity, possibility and practicality. It also points out that in present-day China the primary issue is how to determine the relationship between means of proof and criterion of proof as well as the combination of means of proof with the justice procedures.


This commentary focuses upon two developments – cuts to wage supplements and an increase in the National Minimum Wage – announced in the first full Conservative government budget in Britain for 18 years. The commentary analyses these through the concept of predistribution and critiques of it. The commentary argues that the two developments can be understood as a weak version of predistribution that will reproduce and deepen class and gender inequalities because of their bases in retrenching collective provision for households living in wage poverty, while increasing the emphasis upon market mechanisms (wages) as the predominate means of supporting such households.


The timber crosstie and cut spike rail fastening system has performed admirably for many years on North American railroads. With the introduction of six-axle locomotives, 100-ton freight cars equipped with roller bearing trucks, and concentrated unit train operations, problems with track maintenance arose on sharp curves. Simple logic dictated that the first course of action was to measure the forces that were being applied to the track structure. If the forces could not readily be alleviated through modification in equipment or operations, then the strength of the track structure system would have to be increased to cope with the situation. In this paper a brief review of conclusions derived from track measurements taken in the early 1970s is presented. Results from measurements taken in 1982 and laboratory fatigue tests run in early 1983 on various tie and rail fastening systems were combined with engineering judgment in an economic analysis to select an upgraded tie and rail fastening system for the sharp curves of a brach line that handles 4 to 5 million gross tons of unit train 100-ton car traffic.


Community Engagement and Diverse Representation in Planning for an Immigrant Neighborhood in a U.S. Pacific Northwest City by Christopher Amba Ndifon M R C P L, University of Oklahoma 1987 BA, Eastern Washington University 1982 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University March 2019 Abstract Traditional avenues of influencing planning decisions are not intuitive for diverse, historically underrepresented community residents in many neighborhoods and many immigrant residents come from societies where engaging in public discourse is discouraged or dangerous. The focus of this study, the Planning Outreach and Engagement Liaison (POEL) program, was designed to address these discrepancies, yet whether the program was successful is unknown. Using participatory democracy as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this case study was to explore whether the POEL program brought diverse residents together to participate in the neighborhood planning process. Data were collected through semi structured interviews with planners, community coordinators, public outreach and engagement liaisons, and members of non-governmental organizations (n = 10) and official government records and documents. All data were deductively coded and then analyzed using a thematic analysis procedure. Six themes emerged from the study including (a) measures of program success, (b) outreach and communication, (c) collaboration, (d) intimidation and fear, (e) time limitation, and (f) building relationships. POELs identified and understood that barriers such as lack of time, lack of child care, persistent fear of government intentions, and religious and cultural norms inhabit the process, but found that using outreach and communication promotes interest in and participation in neighborhood planning. When neighborhood residents are empowered and given information about the process, they make informed choices. The study promotes positive social change by showing that mitigating some of the barriers to participation supports greater inclusion of underrepresented persons in the neighborhood planning process.Traditional avenues of influencing planning decisions are not intuitive for diverse, historically underrepresented community residents in many neighborhoods and many immigrant residents come from societies where engaging in public discourse is discouraged or dangerous. The focus of this study, the Planning Outreach and Engagement Liaison (POEL) program, was designed to address these discrepancies, yet whether the program was successful is unknown. Using participatory democracy as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this case study was to explore whether the POEL program brought diverse residents together to participate in the neighborhood planning process. Data were collected through semi structured interviews with planners, community coordinators, public outreach and engagement liaisons, and members of non-governmental organizations (n = 10) and official government records and documents. All data were deductively coded and then analyzed using a thematic analysis procedure. Six themes emerged from the study including (a) measures of program success, (b) outreach and communication, (c) collaboration, (d) intimidation and fear, (e) time limitation, and (f) building relationships. POELs identified and understood that barriers such as lack of time, lack of child care, persistent fear of government intentions, and religious and cultural norms inhabit the process, but found that using outreach and communication promotes interest in and participation in neighborhood planning. When neighborhood residents are empowered and given information about the process, they make informed choices. The study promotes positive social change by showing that mitigating some of the barriers to participation supports greater inclusion of underrepresented persons in the neighborhood planning process. Community Engagement and Diverse Representation in Planning for an Immigrant Neighborhood in a U.S. Pacific Northwest City by Christopher Amba Ndifon M R C P L, University of Oklahoma, 1987 BA, Eastern Washington University, 1982 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University March 2019 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my family, Valarie Armstead-Ndifon, my wife, and my Children: Christopher Amba Ndifon, Jr., Coremetima (Corey) Alexander Ndifon, and Laelah Obasi Okere Ndifon. I am very grateful for the encouragement and the belief that you all had in me to the end. Acknowledgments First and foremost, let me thank the Almighty God for the courage and perseverance that directed me through my program of study. I thank Dr. Linda Day, my chair and mentor for her effective leadership, encouragements, patience and guidance to ensure that I write and complete my dissertation. In addition, I thank Dr. Michael B. Knight my committee member and Dr. Tanya L. Settle for providing me feedback and effective guidance during the dissertation journey. I thank all the participants in this study for sharing their experiences about the Planning Outreach and engagement Liaison (POEL) program. I thank all my classmates, especially Dr. Anna Kautzman, Dr. Ruth Metzger for their assistance and encouragement. I thank Dr. Annmarie Kamanda for her friendship and guidance. I thank my fellow employees for their caring attitudes and moral support which encouraged me to pursue and complete this study. My sincere thanks go to Mr. Michael Dorcy and Mrs. Sandy Howard, for the continuous inspiration throughout the dissertation writing process. Finally, my special thank you goes to my children and my wonderful wife for her support and encouragement throughout this lengthy dissertation writing process.


It is generally accepted that there are three classes in the traditional Korean theatre, that is, mask drama, puppet drama, and Pansori(판소리). In this article, I am going to focus on how and when this classification began and to propose it began from the book, 『The History of Chosun Theatre』(조선연극사). To begin with, I overviewed the traditional Korean performances in the beginning of 20 century. These performances lost its popularity by "the complex about newness" which was implanted into the Koreans by the Japanese in the name of Orientalism. On the other hand, a new academic approach to Korean tradition was made under Japan's charge and the center of the study was Gyungsung(old name for Seoul) Imperial University. This is presented in chapter 3. In this background, I looked into 『The History of Chosun Theatre』 in chapter 4. The author, Kim Jae-chul(김재철), examined theatre as a genre of Korean literatures. He sought the answer about what is the theatre in his book and included mask drama, puppet drama, Pansori as the theatre on the basis of his perspective. He made it possible to overcome the proposition that there was no theatre in Korea before the modern drama was introduced by his new classification. His view on the traditional Korean theatre has been reproduced among many works on the history of Korean theatre.


Rahsaan Maxwell's analysis sets out to offer an explanation for differences in the degree of integration between migrant groups. The argument is twofold. Firstly, Maxwell points out that integratio...


The Indian Retail sector has caught the world's imagination in the last few years and is topping the list of most attractive retail destination continuously for three years in a row. It had retail giants like Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Tesco sizing up potential partners and waiting to enter the fray. India's retail growth is largely driven by increasing disposable incomes, favorable demographics, changing lifestyles, growth of the middle class segment and a high potential for penetration into urban and rural markets. This paper provides information about the growth of retailing industry in India. It also examines the reasons behind the growth of Retail Industry in India.


Wehave recently shown that connexin 43 (Cx43), a major gap junction protein in osteoblasts, is expressed with an increase in cell density (CHIBA, H. et ah (1993). CellStruc. Fund., 18: 419-426). In the present study, we examined what kinds of hormones and cytokines regulate the gap junction protein in osteoblastic cells, using a humanosteoblastic cell line (SV-HFO)after reaching a con fluent density to avoid influence of cell proliferation. Either retinoic acid (RA) or transforming growth factor-^ (TGF-$0 induced the Cx43 expression of SV-HFOcells, as revealed by Northern blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. These modulators also increased gap junctional intercellular communication, in terms of the extent of dye transfer. On the other hand, la, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 did not influence the Cx43 expression and gap junctional intercellular communication of the cells. These results suggest that RAand TGF-ft might maintain bone tissue as an organized tissue in vivo by increasing intercellular communication of osteoblastic cells. Gap junctions are intercellular channels, composed of transmembrane proteins called connexins (1). By allowing transfer of ions and small molecules into neighboring cells, gap junctions are considered to play important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation and tissue organization (13). Osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone matrix in vivo are connected with each other, forming a cell-cell network via gap junctions (8, 15, 18, 21). It has become clear that connexin 43 (Cx43) is a major gap junction protein expressed in osteoblastic cells (6, 25, 26, 27). Wehave recently observed that the expression of Cx43 in osteoblastic cells was induced with an increase in cell density (3). However, it remains unknown what kinds of hormones and cytokines regulate the expression of gap junction protein in osteoblastic cells. Recently, we have established a humanosteoblastic cell line from normal human bone by immortalization with simian virus 40. This cell line, designated SVHFO, proliferates and maintains osteoblasic properties even under serum-free conditions as well as under serum-supplemented conditions (2, 3). Thus, SV-HFO cell line are expected to be a suitable model for elucidating the effects of hormones and cytokines on the phenotypic expression of human osteoblasts. In the present study, we examined the effects of 1 ,25(OH)2D3, retinoic acid and transforming growth factor-/3 (TGF-/0, modulators of bone cells, on the Cx43 expression and gap junctional intercellular communication in SV-HFO cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell culture. The SV-HFO cells were established as described previously (2, 3). The cells at passage 15 were seeded at a cell density of 1 x 104 cells/cm2 on 100-mmculture dishes or 12-well tissue culture plates coated with 2 ^g/cm2 type I collagen (Vitrogen 100; Collagen Corp., Palo Alto, CA) in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; Nissui Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) supplemented with 0.5% bovine serum albumin (Albumax; Gibco Laboratories, Grant Island, NY), ITS (containing 5 ^g/ml insulin, 5 ^g/ml transferrin and 5 ng/ml selenious acid; Collaborative Research, Inc., Bed ford, MA), lOO U/ml penicillin and 100 ^g /ml streptomycin (Gibco Laboratories). These cells were cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2in air, and the mediumwas renewed every 3 days. To determine the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 (Biomol Research Laboratories, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA), all-trans retinoic acid (RA) or TGFjQi (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) on the Cx43 expression and gap junctional intercellular communication, the cells 4 To whomreprint requests/correspondences should be addressed. Abbreviation used: Cx, connexin; HFO, human fetal osteoblastic cells; SV-HFO, SV40-transformed human fetal osteoblastic cells; 1,25(OH)2D3, la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; TGF-^, transforming growth factor-^S; RA, retinoic acid; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DIG, digoxigenin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.


Thank you very much for downloading woes of a kwatriot reflections on the ghanaian situation. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this woes of a kwatriot reflections on the ghanaian situation, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


The present inventions provides electrical tilt antenna system based on the orientation and adjustment of the correction, the electric regulating antenna body at least one electrically tunable antenna body, comprising gesture sensing means, the power transfer to the antenna fixed to the body, with real-time sensing of the electrical and mechanical reclining horizontal azimuth angle of the antenna body; and an antenna control unit is connected to the attitude sensing means, for adjusting the inclination of the electrical power transfer to the antenna outside the body posture of the conveying pass horizontal azimuth angle and a mechanical sensing device sensing information. The present invention is to create systems and electric regulating antenna azimuth correction adjustment based on the posture by using sensing means provided on the antenna body power modulation techniques, so as to achieve real-time easily obtain the electric angle adjustment of the antenna body electrical current, the mechanical and physical orientation of horizontal azimuth angle and other information, and angle information combined in an ideal state for maintenance and debugging technical effect.


In the present problem we study the deformation of a rotating generalized thermoelastic medium with hydrostatic initial stress subjected to three different type of sources. The components of displacement, force stress and temperature distribution are obtained in Laplace and Fourier domain by applying integral transforms. The general solution obtained is applied to a specific problem of a half–space subjected to concentrated force, distributed force and a moving source. These components are then obtained in the physical domain by applying a numerical inversion method. Some particular cases are also discussed in context of the problem. The results are also presented graphically to show the effect of rotation and hydrostatic initial stress.


This paper proposes an enhanced scheme adding a sign detector at the front of the correlator in STDR (sequence time domain reflectometry) system. We have executed simulations to show the improvement of detection performance in two fault types and various fault locations. Consequently, it can be shown that the proposed scheme improves the detection performance of the location of far-fault without increasing the computational complexity.


The U.S. government has been proactively seeking solutions to the growing concern with issues relating to global change through several initiatives. A major global change initiative in 1993 supported by both President Clinton and Vice President Gore was announced with the release of the U.S. Climate Change Action Plan. The objective is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000. At that time, President Clinton also committed his administration to begin actively working on negotiations of international agreements on desertification and forestry. President Clinton's Earth Day announcement on 21 April 1993 stated,


The system of the continuous temperature measuring in tundish is developed.Three key problems during the continuous temperature surveying,that is,the response speed,the sensitivity and the temperature drift are effectively solved,and thus increases the accuracy of the continuous temperature measuring in molten steel in tundish.


This chapter identifies an intersection between the dark aesthetic practice associated with goth and the more sepia-toned steampunk community. The central argument employs the post-subculture model, which sees subcultures as elective and postmodern in terms of identity politics.Whitby Gothic Weekend, in the UK,is used as a departure point because it has an established steampunk fringe event and has hosted the US steampunk band, Abney Park, as well as other bands familiar to steampunk, such as The Men that will not be Blamed for Nothing. This is noteworthy, as it suggests considerable overlap between the cultures, but it also flags up contentions and debates surrounding authenticity and boundary marking in the goth subculture. This chapter then undertakes a survey of themes in steampunk music, fashion, whilst also theorising the subculture's relationship to activism, Neo-Victorianism, and postcolonialism.


European Union policy encourages men and women to share parental leave to balance work and family life and promote gender equality in the labor market. A new directive extends parental leave to four months and introduces a quota, so one month is reserved for each parent. This article explores to what extent government-provided, paid parental leave and quotas for fathers could bring about equality in the division of leave between men and women by focusing on the pioneers in the field, the Nordic countries – the first nations to offer fathers parental leave and introduce quotas. First, we describe the extent to which parental leave policies have been established and implemented in a way that is likely to promote equal sharing of leave. Next, we evaluate the impact of particular configurations of gender equality incentives in present parental leave policies for the actual division of leave time between men and women. Findings contribute to the conceptual as well as empirical understanding of whether fathers' rights and use of parental leave can help bring about an egalitarian division of leave between mothers and fathers, often thought to be the foundation for gender equality.


The article reports the results of a comparative study investigating the influence of OC (oral contraception) on the chemical composition of saliva and on the gingival mucosa. 40 women were involved in the study 00 puerperae 10 pregnant women 10 on OC and 10 not on OC: all women were between 20-30. In puerperae pregnant women and women on OC there was a slight increase in acid phosphatases a notable increase in lactates and proteins and a decrease in concentrations of sodium and potassium. Modifications were also noted in the cytology of the gingival mucosa of OC users.


The invention provides an auxiliary power-assisted steering control method and device as well as a vehicle. The auxiliary power-assisted steering control method comprises the following steps: obtaining an actual rotary angle of a wheel; comparing a difference value between a current theoretical rotary angle of the wheel and the actual rotary angle; if the difference value exceeds a pre-set value, providing an additional steering force moment to the wheel which is steered by an auxiliary steering oil cylinder to reduce the difference value. In the working process of the auxiliary power-assisted steering control device, when the steering force moment in a system is not enough, the steering force moment can be compensated by a manner of providing an extra additional steering force moment, so that a steering lag rotary angle error is reduced, the abnormal abrasion of a tyre and a fuel consumption amount are relieved; a problem that the wheel is automatically locked by a protection program when the error of the actual rotary angle of the wheel subjected to electric control steering and the theoretical rotary angle exceeds an allowed value so as to influence the utilization and the construction process of the vehicle is solved. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of simplicity, practicability and low cost.


Voltage sag is identified as a common undesirable power quality phenomenon in the distribution systems, which causes malfunction of sensitive loads and may even damage them. Implementation of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) makes it possible to suppress the effect of this phenomenon to protect sensitive loads. For this purpose, the time response of voltage sag detection is crucial. This paper proposes a simple detection method to achieve fast response without the need of phased locked loop (PLL), look-up table or complex computations. The proposed method has been implemented through simulation and experiment; and it has been tested under various conditions considering possible cases such as different amount of voltage sag, different amount of voltage sag angle at which voltage sag occurs and line frequency variation. According to the obtained results, the best and worst detection time of proposed method were measured 0.26 and 0.68 ms, respectively, which shows fast response of proposed method. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of proposed method.


The issue of generations in the workplace has garnered much attention since the beginning of the 21st century, but what is often missing from this discussion is an examination of the generational, work and career pattern changes that have occurred in the postwar era. This paper presents a demographic analysis of cultural/generational changes in tandem with an analysis of shifts in business practices and career patterns as these relate to the practice of performance appraisal. It concludes that a performance management process that adopts a developmental approach to improve future employee performance makes more sense in today's workplaces given cultural/generational and career pattern shifts.


Mielkeanthidium, gen.n. with long preepisternal carina on the mesepistemum is proposed for two species from Southern Brazil: Mielkeanthidium nigripes, sp.n. and Mielkeanthidium rubripes, sp.n. The females are characterized by the absence of the arolia and of the subbasal tooth of the mandibles, the males by the two large carinated lobes on the apical teigum.


In 2014, diabetes affected 27% of people in the US with Medicare, the federal health insurance program for people ≥65 years or older as well as for certain younger people with disabilities. Comprising just 15% of total beneficiaries, but 34% of those with diabetes, were individuals having six or more conditions who, as a group, were responsible for 50% of total Medicare spending and for 75% of Medicare hospital readmissions. A recent report from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services put total Medicare spending in 2014 at US$323.9 billion, the amount spent on the most expensive drugs US$55.1 billion, and spending on insulin glargine (Lantus; Sanofi, Paris, France) at US$3.7 billion, making it the most expensive single therapeutic agent for this population. Insulin treatment, then, is a particularly important and expensive component of diabetes treatment, and as new approaches become available it is relevant to review some of the patterns and developments in this area. Although the percentage of people in the US with diabetes using insulin decreased from 40% in 1997 to 33% in 2011, with the increase in diabetes prevalence the number using insulin increased from 3.4 to 5.8 million over the same period. Certainly, insulin is effective. In a pooled analysis of glargine titration studies of 2312 persons, the likelihood of attaining HbA1c 7.0% was 75% with baseline <8.0%, 60% with baseline >8.0 to <9.0%, and 38% with baseline HbA1c >9.0%, a pattern similar to that seen with most glucose-lowering treatments. Exploring the use of insulin glargine with metformin and with sulfonylureas in ameta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials, HbA1c decreased on average from 8.8% to 7.2% and fasting glucose from 10.9 to 6.6 mmol/L (from 196 to 119 mg/dL) over 24 weeks, although this was associated with hypoglycaemia (at annual rates on a stable insulin dosage of 4.1 and 1.4 episodes per person per year of glucose <3.9 and <3.1 mmol/L [<70 and <56 mg/dL], respectively) and weight gain (from 86.4 to 88.5 kg). These issues are also seen in "real-world" studies of type 2 diabetic patients starting insulin, with annual hypoglycemia rates around 30% with basal insulin alone and around 40% with basal-bolus and with premixed insulin, and 4-year weight gain of approximately 1 kg with basal insulin alone and 3–4 kg with basal-bolus and premixed regimens. Weight gain is particularly seen with higher baseline HbA1c levels and at higher insulin doses, and basal-bolus and premixed regimens track with a greater likelihood of >5 kg weight gain. Approaches to minimize weight gain include insulin administration with metformin and with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), although the latter approach is not necessarily associatedwith a lessening of hypoglycaemia. It is crucial to realize that the issues of cost, complexity of administration, and the need for multiple injections, as well as older age and social isolation, may explain the unwillingness of many patients with diabetes to follow recommendations for insulin treatment, with medication possession ratios, proxy measures of adherence, ranging from 43% to 70% in various studies. Long-acting insulin analogs have been positioned as offering comparable glycemic control to isophane (neutral protamine Hagedorn [NPH]) insulin with reduced risks of symptomatic, overall, and nocturnal hypoglycemia with both insulins glargine and detemir, and a suggestion of modestly less weight gain with the latter, although it has been pointed out that evidence that these preparations are associated with fewer episodes of severe hypoglycemia has not been put forward. Two newer basal insulin preparations are insulin degludec (Tresiba; NovoNordisk, Bagsværd, Denmark) and a U300 preparation of insulin glargine (Toujeo; Sanofi). In some studies, insulin degludec is associated with lower fasting glucose than U100 insulin glargine and insulin detemir, although a differential effect on HbA1c has not been demonstrated. However, a meta-analysis has shown a significant 36% reduction in nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes with basal insulin alone, and comparable effects in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients treated with basal-bolus regimens. Hypoglycemia rates were reduced by 25%–35% with insulin degludec compared with insulin glargine in diabetic people aged ≥65 years, as well as in those patients requiring >60 units insulin daily, although with a trend to greater weight gain. Similarly, U300 insulin glargine is associated with reduced rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia compared with U100 insulin glargine. A concern with these studies, as well as with the original studies comparing insulin glargine with NPH and those comparing insulin detemir with NPH, is that all studies of hypoglycemia were manufacturer sponsored and used doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12381 Journal of Diabetes 8 (2016), 297–299


In Sandrandahy, a rather poor rural area set in Madagascar's Highlands, migration enhances solidarity between elderly parents and migrants, shedding light on the major role played by the elderly remaining in the village. The elderly are fully involved in the migration process, as they help the migrant to leave and enable the continuation of the activities of his household during his absence. By residential agreements concluded with their aged parents, young and adult migrants are able to leave the village while their parents take care of their children. In addition, the parent's relationships are helpful to facilitate the migrants' access to community networks, a precious social capital for settling down in the place of destination. The elderly are in charge of running the family assets like houses and lands and maintaining the social position of the family when migrants are away. In return, migrants financially support them in these different roles by sending remittances. Mutual help in the context of migration sheds light on the complex nature of intergenerational solidarities in Malagasy rural areas.


In view of the basic idea that bionic non-smooth surface can reduce drag,different depth and spacing of triangle grooves are arranged on the surface of high-speed rotational body.With RNGκ-e turbulence model,the 3D flow field of the models have been simulated to calculate the drag coefficients of both smooth and triangle groove body respectively.In comparison with the wall shear stress of bodies,the result shows that high-speed rotational body with triangle groove can reduce drag force of high-speed air flow on the wall of body,thereby decreasing energy consumption of body spinning machines.In addition,both depth and spacing of grooves affect the drag force.Compared to smooth body,the maximum drag reduction of triangle groove body is up to 12.060%.


This cross-sectional study was conducted in the locality of Shendi, River Nile state, Sudan to determine the concentration of nitrates in drinking water and its potential health risk on consumers. Using random sampling technique 44 drinking water sources were selected for the purpose of this study. Data were collected directly from the field by; sanitary survey and nitrate analysis of drinking water sources. Of these points 15.9% were found to haveelevated nitrate level (excess 10 ml/l). Nitrate concentration was found to be highest among ground water sources. Anthropogenic sources were the ones that most often cause the amount of nitrate to rise to a dangerous level in this area. Four (57.1%) of the sources which have excess level of nitrate were exposed to latrine contamination and 3 (40.1%) of the sources which were highly contaminated with nitrate also exposed to more than one sources of contaminations: septic tank, soakage pits and animal manure. The study concluded that the anthropogenic sources are really the ones that most often cause the amount of nitrate to rise to a dangerous level, and there are high potentiality of public health problems in areas where nitrate concentrations elevated, specifically the risk of methemoglobinemia, increased incidence of certain cancers, and increased birth defects.


ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)susceptibility and +405G/C and 936T/C polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)gene. Methods 99 ROP infants(ROP group)and 80 premature infants(control group)were enrolled in this study. There was no difference of gestational age, birth weight and preoxygenation time between the ROP and control group (P>0. 05). The peripheral blood was collected, polymorphism genotypes and frequency of VEGF-A+405 and VEGF-A936 were measured by pyrosequencing. Results There are CC, GG, CG genotypes in VEGF-A+405 site, while CC, CT genotypes in VEGF-A 936 site. The VEGF-A+405 gene allele of C, G were 92,106 with the frequencies of 46.5%, 53.5% in the ROP group, and 90, 70 with the frequencies of 56.2%, 43.8% in the control group; the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (X2 =3. 396, P=0. 066). There was no correlation between VEGF-A+ 405 polymorphism and ROP susceptibility (OR=0. 675, OR95% CI=0. 444, 1. 026). The VEGF-A 936 gene allele of C, G were 32,166 with the frequencies of 16.2%, 83.8% in the ROP group, and 16, 144 with the frequencies of 10.0%, 90.0% in the control group; the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (X2=2.894, P=0.089). There was no correlation between VEGF-A 936 polymorphism and ROP susceptibility (OR=0. 768, OR95% CI=0. 711, 0. 829). ConclusionThere is no correlation between VEGF-A+405 or VEGF-A 936 polymorphism and ROP susceptibility.

Key words:
Retinopathy of prematurity/ genetics; Genetic predisposition to disease; Vascular endothelial growth factor A;  Polymorphism, single nucleotide


Since the transmission of arts education in the family is limited in Indonesia, the exploration of teaching strategy for community becomes imperative as a form of informal education. This article aims to report research results on the implementation of arts education in society through thematic community service program, namely Pos Pemberdayaan Keluarga (POSDAYA) or "family empowerment post." This qualitative study used a project-based research method, which began by diagnosing the problems, creating a plan for activities, implementing the plan, and evaluating the results. Participants of this research were women and children from Bandung Barat Regency of West Java and students of Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Data were collected from interviews, participant observation, and study documentation. The data were triangulated and interpreted. The research found a collaborative teaching strategy between students, advisors, and women who worked for POSDAYA to implement arts education for children through creating dances and musical dramas. The story in the drama contains moral values such as caring for others, appreciating one's parents, tolerance, and environmental awareness. Implementation of arts education through the community service program conducted by students and or faculty members is beneficial to develop children's creativity and character.


The caramel pigment was extracted by adsorbent resin from the molasses wastewater utilized by yeast, 12kg caramel pigment could be obtained from 1m3 molasses wastewater. Its quality accorded with GB8817-1988 and the COD in the wastewater was decreased from 100000~140000mg/L to 10000mg/L, and the pH was up to 7.0 from 4.5~5.0.


As the modern technologies advance, one can easily access or acquire data and the amount of a data collection increases. The data derived in the emerging computing environments are also usually incomplete or uncertain, such as the sensed data which may not be accurate due to the transmission loss or the error on the sensing devices. How to manage and process the large amount of uncertain data becomes challenging. One of the important approaches for managing data is indexing. In this paper, we propose an effective index structure, US+-tree, for uncertain data in terms of number of I/Os. US+-tree can support point query, range query, top-k query and probability nearest neighbor query. In comparison with the existing MV-tree and US-tree, US+-tree performs the best due to a shorter tree height and less number of internal nodes. We also perform an extensive simulated experiment for validating the proposed index structure.


The paper makes use of annual province-level panel data from 2003 to 2008,applies sys-GMM estimation to empirical study on the influence of Absorptive capacity on reverse technology spillovers of OFDI in east,middle and west China,and draws the following conclusions: First,east,middle and west China have the OFDI reverse technology spillovers,but spillovers are small;Second,the lack of human capital is the main factor restricting the OFDI reverse technology Absorptive capacity in east China;Third,low levels of economic openness and financial development are main factors restricting the OFDI reverse technology Absorptive capacity in middle and west China.


Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) occurs when there are clots in the deep veins of the body, accounting for the majority of venous thromboembolism (VTE) cases. Half of the cases may report symptoms of pain, swelling, warmth and discoloration or redness which may be similar to cellulitis. Here we report a 47-year-old Filipino female who presented with bullae on her left leg, associated with pain, swelling and erythema which improved with anticoagulants and antibiotics.


Every day we are witnessing practical references on the Environmental Sustainability of the products.  The Italian nautical sector, in virtue of the considerable quantity of processed material has oriented its interest toward the management of composite structure provided at the end of life, boat moulds and his processing wastage. The main assumption is to reduce as much as possible the waste generated during the system's1 manufacture, that becomes sustainable as a result of a aware project, in which converge formal and constructive aspects, unitarily oriented, that are: ? Aimed to reach the characteristic performances using smaller quantities of materials. ? Based on renewable materials and non-polluting production processes ? Employ non-toxic materials ? Allow the products manufacturing using homogeneous materials, easily separable into phase of maintenance, processing, disassembly, demolition, disposal and recycling These new requirements necessarily entail, in the design phase, the introduction of new technologies for the environment protection, in order to the sustainability that goes from energy saving, to the "control of the cycle of reuse" The issue of the re-use/recycling of waste of production thus becomes a design item, meaning that the project must be the place where there are certain afferent strategies.


Multimedia streaming services in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) became a focus of many researchers. Achieving stable and high streaming rate under the high dynamic topology is considered a major challenge in such networks. Several approaches have been proposed to improve the existing routing protocols. However, some protocols ignore the QoS requirements needed for VANET safety and multimedia services whereas other protocols do not consider the high mobility of such networks while selecting the paths. In this paper, we improve the performance of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol by enhancing the reliability of the network. This can be achieved by taking into account the QoS and the high speed constraints while selecting the paths. Thus, our solution is a new QoS-based DSR protocol that can increase both the stability and the reliability of the network. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol succeeds in improving the packet delivery ratio and reducing the probability of packet loss compared to the classical DSR protocol.


The wear conditions of high hardness roller sheet are analysed and cutting projects of roller sheet are improved.Meanwhile,they sive satisfaction to needs of production and operation rate is raised.


In presenting experimental data on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils, it is now generally accepted practice to refer the pitching moment coefficients to the aerodynamic center of the airfoil section. This point is defined as that about which the moment coefficient is constant throughout the range of angles of attack corresponding to the linear part of the lift curve. This paper presents a simple method for locating exactly the aerodynamic center of an airfoil directly from wind-tunnel test data, all that is required being the lift and drag characteristics and the moment of the air reaction referred to some known point.


We present detailed measurements of photoconductivity as functions of illumination power and temperature on metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors made of low-temperature GaAs grown at different temperatures (225–350 °C). The extracted carrier lifetimes show the expected dependence as a function of growth temperature. Additionally, our experiments show an order-of-magnitude variation of the extracted lifetimes as functions of measurement temperature and illumination intensity. We propose a simple model based on the one-center-Shockley Read-recombination equation which gives good qualitative agreement over the whole range of temperature (20–120 °C) and illumination power (2×10−4 to 20 W/cm2). We show that the recombination properties are determined by the exact position of the electronic quasi-Fermi level in the partially filled midgap donor band, which is strongly influenced by the acceptor concentration.


This memo encourages the reservation of a Shared Transition Space, an
IPv4 prefix designated for local use within service provider networks
during the period of IPv6 transition. This address space has been
proposed at various times in the IETF, and more recently by the ARIN
policy development community.


With the recent regulations for remote piloted licenses, implemented by the civil aviation authority (CAA) in the year 2015 within South Africa, are being adopted in other countries. The procedures and steps required to have all paperwork, documentation and approvals for commercial remote piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) flights, come with many uncertainties. This paper looks at the different tasks, documentation and approvals that will be required to obtain a RPAS operator's certificate (ROC). A case study of tests that were conducted for the CAA are analyzed, and the possible ways to decrease the delay for commercial flight income are given. The case study includes RPAS in Visual Line of Sight (VLOS), Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS), flights in controlled airspace, and night flights. It has been found that implementing these requirements for such RPAS flights to happen are not an easy task, and it was best for small and medium companies to join with established operators, for the legal commercial flights to happen sooner.


This paper examines planning management problems in a Multiagent-based Distributed Open Computing Environment Model (MDOCEM). We first introduce the meaning of planning management in MDOCEM. We then present a formal method to describe the associated task partition problems, and give a heuristic algorithm which gives an approximate optimum solution. Finally the task coordination and integration of execution results are discussed.


The concept of IT-infrastructure is analysed as to going near a construction aviation to the trainer as a system on the basis of data telecommunications structures, programmatic, computing, of communication and technical facilities enter in the complement of that. Application of principles of construction of IT-infrastructure is examined, based on a methodological going near modernisation, extending of exploitation of the hardwarily-programmatic providing of the generalized aviation trainer, and also for development of aviation trainers. Offer generalized chart of IT-infrastructure of the renewed aviation trainer of ТЛ-410 with determination of basic services for pilots and instructor.


nothing in the patient's history to indicate the presence of a hernia until strangulation occurs. Polson records a case occurring twelve and a half years after the original accident, and only found at necropsy after death from acute strangulation. Tixier, Patel, and Pollossonrecord a case diagnosed one month after a motor accident, confirmed by barium visualization of the stomach, and treated surgically three months later, the patient meantime suffering from dyspeptic symptoms whilst being kept under close observation, with numerous x-ray visualizations of the stomach to estimate the state of affairs. Boyce reports a successful case of operation for traumatic diaphragmatic hernia the day following the accident. It is probable that traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is commoner than is generally realized, the chief causative factor being car accidents. It would appear that routine visualization of the stomach with barium is desirable in all cases of crushing injuries to the chest if the surgeon is to receive the case early, and not when some catastrophe such as acute strangulation has rendered his help imperative, but has vitiated the chance of a successful outcome to a difficult operation.


Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of markers of apoptosis and proliferation (p53, Bcl 2 and Ki67) in the cells of synchronous mulifocal stomach carcinomas (n=21) associated with colon cancer was made. As the control group 21 observations of stomach carcinoma with five-year survival rate, without backsets and multiplicity after stomach resection were used. It was determined that the value of proliferation index Ki67 and apoptosis Bcl 2 in the investigated group was higher than that in the control one. At clinicomorphological analysis of the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2/ neu) in the cells of resected stomach carcinomas (n=52) hyperexpression of this marker was revealed immunohistochemically in 23% of cases. These cases were represented by the tumours with histological pattern of adenocarcinoma (intestinal type). In the tumours of diffuse type HER2/ neu hyperexpression was not revealed. The obtained results testify to the economic feasibility of carrying out high-priced HER2/neu hyperexpression screening to make a decision about the target therapy with gerceptin first of all in the tumours with histological pattern of adenocarcinoma.


Snoring often obstructs harmonic social relationships and may be related to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). In order to analyze this symptom, the authors have developed a real-time system which is linked to the polysomnographic recording system. They have concentrated upon the development of an interactive analysis-tool which contains various analyzing methods.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) score in evaluating the prognosis of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods The clinical data of 122 patients with SAP admitted in our hospital from January 2006 to December 2011 were respectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups:survival group with 87 cases and fatality group with 35 cases.SIRS parameters including body temperature,heart rate,respiratory rate and white blood cell counts were compared between the two groups,and the correlation of SIRS with APACHE Ⅱ score were analyzed.Results There were significant differences between survival group and fatality group in the four SIRS paraments(P <0.05 or P <0.01),and the incidence of SIRS was significantly higher in survival group than that in fatality group.The correlative analysis indicated that there was a close correlation of the SIRS with APACHE Ⅱ score (r =0.341,P =0.016).Conclusions SIRS score can be used to assess the prognosis of patients with SAP.SIRS score is closely correlated with the APACHE Ⅱ score,and with certain clinical value.

Key words:
Severe acute pancreatitis;  Systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome;  Score;  Prognosis


Aim. To study possibilities of pharmaceutical correction of clinical laboratory parameters, of endothelial dysfunction and non-specific adaptation reserves in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) through use of metformin. Materials and Methods. The three-month program involved 53 patients with MS rando-mized to two comparable groups. Patients of the control group were kept on individual low-calorie diet and practiced graduated exercises. Patients of the studied group, besides the mentioned program of modification of the lifestyle, took metformin. In all participants, anthropometric and clinical laboratory parameters were twice evaluated, total body composition, condition of vascular endothelium and non-specific adaptation reserves of an organism were analyzed. The extent of endothelial dysfunction was evaluated by the level of endothelin-1 and by parameters of photoplethysmographic examination, non-specific adaptation reserves – by the method of analysis of the cardiac rhythm variability. Results . Metformin in complex with dietary therapy and physical exercises proved to be a safe medical drug for correction of components of MS and of endothelial dysfunction. Use of metformin in patients with MS in combination with dietary therapy and graduated physical exercises as compared to use of the program of modification of the lifestyle alone, leads to reduction in the body mass, waist circumference (in women) and of the total fat mass. Introduction of metformin into the program of complex therapy of patients with MS, provides more evident correction of the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, reduction of endothelin-1 and stiffness index of the aortic wall, enhancement of parasympathetic regulation, than modification of the lifestyle alone. Conclusion . Use of metformin in the complex therapy of metabolic syndrome in comparison with the program of modification of the lifestyle, promotes a more significant reduction of the clinical laboratory parameters, of endothelial dysfunction and improves non-specific adaptation reserves of an organism.


Despite numerous outstanding results, highly complex and specialized multimedia algorithms have not been able to fulfill the promise of fully automated multimedia interpretation. An essential problem is that they are insufficiently aware of the context they operate in. Algorithms that do take a form of context in consideration, often function in a domain-specific environment. The generic framework proposed in this paper stimulates algorithm collaboration on an interpretation task by continuously actualizing the context of the multimedia item under interpretation. Semantic Web knowledge, combined with reasoning methods, forms the corner stone of the integration of these various interacting agents. We believe that this framework will enable an advanced interpretation of multimedia data that goes beyond the capabilities of individual algorithms. A basic platform implementation already indicates the potential of the concept, clearing the path for even more complex interpretation scenarios.


Two experiments were conducted over a five-year period in north Queensland to examine : 1. the effects of supplements of molasses, phosphoric acid, superphosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate, urea or biuret on liveweight performance of yearling cattle during wet and dry seasons, and 2. the effects of different urea levels (28, 56 and 84 g) in the urea-molasses supplement on dry season performance. Responses to urea-molasses or biuret-molasses occurred in all years after May when faecal nitrogen level fell below 1.3%. In three of the four dry seasons studied, maximum response occurred with the lowest level of urea, 289, in the urea-molasses supplement. Responses occurred up to 849 urea in the remaining year. Compensatory growth during the following wet season reduced liveweight advantages in all years. A faecal nitrogen level of 1.3% should be a useful critical value for feeding urea-molasses supplements in the northern spear grass region.


It describes a biocompatible, micro-ribbon cable manufactured, wherein at least one set of conductors laterally diverging wings into the bypass, the bypass orifice is formed through the wing portion of the ribbon cable. The bypass through the wing portion along a fold line and folded aperture at the upper central portion of the flat cable, the flat cable leads to a narrow overlapping area. The narrow region may pass through a small incision in the film, such as the sclera of the eye through an incision in the assembly. Ribbon cable may have an integrated array of electrodes attached to the retina of the eye for the formation of other electronic devices and for transmitting signals to the electrode array.


Highly reactive oxygen plasma with a very high dissociation fraction of oxygen molecules is often created in electrodeless discharges. The discharge runs either in the E or H mode. The E mode is obtained at low power while the H mode dominates at high power. The transition between two modes is easily observed by the naked eye or, even better, by optical emission spectroscopy. In this paper, we show major differences between the two modes obtained in an experimental plasma reactor with a 1200-W RF generator operating at the frequency of 13.56 MHz.


The concept of freedom is the concern of academic and social problems.In the late Qing dynasty,public opinion about free publicity is excellent perspective we examine the history of the development of the society in late Qing dynasty.The problems are mainly reflected in the lack of exploration in many areas clearly and deeply.In fact,at the time of great changes in the late Qing dynasty,centering around the concept of freedom,the press made extensive publicity in the aspects of political,economic,social areas,and had a profound influence on them.Until the new century,public opinion about free publicity is still everywhere.Therefore,it has important academic value and practical significance to explore the free publicity of media in late Qing dynasty.


Recent studies have focused on hematogenous tumor cell dissemination as predictive factors of breast cancer metastasis and several methods for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood were described. However, in early-stage breast cancer, molecular characterization of CTCs and their prognostic value is not well established. We previously found a significant correlation between DNA promotor methylation (PM) of PITX2, BMP4, FGF4, ERalpha, ERbeta and breast cancer recurrence and metastasis (unpublished data). Therefore, we sought to compare the frequency of PM of these genes in the CTC and the primary breast tumors (PBT) in relation to recurrence, progression free and overall survival rates (DFS& OS) CTCs were collected from the 10 cm peripheral blood of 80 primary invasive duct carcinoma (PIDC) patients by immunomagnetic beads separation. The number of CTCs was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and RT-PCR (using CK-19, mammaglobin and CD44) for confirmation and comparison. Patients were first tested for CTC counts immediately before surgery, prior to therapy, at first follow-up (4-6 weeks later) and after 6 months. PM of PITX2, BMP4, FGF4, ERalpha, ERbeta was assessed by methylation specific PCR (MSP) in PBTs and CTCs and correlated with metastasis and survival. The number of CTCs ranged from 0-500/10 ml blood. The concordance between FCM and RT-PCR was 98% (p=0.01). At first assessment, 56 patients have β10 CTCs/10 ml blood and exhibited a significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (12.7 months versus 20.6 months) and overall survival (OS) (28.1 months versus 49.5 months) than women with 10 CTCs was 16.1 months, compared to greater than 36 months in the cohort with Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2384. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2384


Differential proteomics is considered as one of the most powerful tools for evaluating relative expression of molecular moieties either in plants or animals. The present study focuses first on optimizing a rapid and sensitive protocol for the isolation of high quality protein to be used in two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) from date palm samples, and then comparing differentially expressed peptides associated with red palm weevil (RPW) infestation of this plant using uninfested plants as control. Among the several methodologies we used for optimization, it was revealed that Phenol/ SDS extraction followed by methanolic ammonium acetate precipitation (designated as protocol 3 in this study) yielded high quality protein. Moreover, 2DE protein analysis demonstrated both qualitative and quantitative differences between control and infested date palm samples. Our differential proteomic methodologies showed 22 differential spots having modulation level ≥1.5 fold. Subsequently, these differentially expressed peptides were subjected to MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprinting analysis for their characterization. The 11 peptides identified through these methodologies fall into three major functional groups including stress/defense (5), photosynthesis (2), ion transport (1) related proteins and three with other functions. Our data revealed that proteins related to date palm defense or stress response were up-regulated in infested samples while the proteins involved in photosynthetic activities were down regulated. The present results indicated that RPW infestation of date palm plants induced molecular changes manifested through differential expression of proteins. Differentially expressed peptides besides increasing our understanding relevant to RPW infestation will help us in developing methodologies for early detection of RPW infestation beneficial for curbing this problem in economically important date palm trees.


"This will be good for mining equities funding," [Damien Hackett] said at the conference.

"This was a great time for mining industries," Hackett said.

[Andrew Raca] echoed Hackett's optimism, saying that equity valuations are expected to increase gradually as there is greater capital availability in the market and that the alternative investments market (AIM) has been recovering during 2013.


A programmable DGD elements based PMD emulator with tunable statistics is demonstrated, exhibiting good stability and repeatability in a laboratory environment. More importantly, this emulator is the first one for the experimentally realization of importance sampling technique.


One of the most striking features about the reception of the nineteenth-century German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche is that he is so rarely viewed in the context of Germany and Europe in the nineteenth century. Perhaps because of his self-proclaimed untimeliness1 he has been regarded almost exclusively as a harbinger of political, aesthetic, and philosophical tendencies of a later era. On the political front, he has been considered a proponent of such widely divergent tendencies as fascism, anarchism, libertarianism, liberal democracy, and socialism. In the realm of culture, he has been viewed as an inspiration for aestheticism, impressionism, expressionism, modernism, dadaism, surrealism, and postmodernism. In philosophical circles, he has allegedly influenced phenomenology, hermeneutics, existentialism, poststructuralism, and deconstruction. Occasionally we do find him situated in a larger philosophical or cultural tradition. But in these studies he is usually placed in relationship usually an antagonistic one to the great thinkers of the Western heritage. What is thus unusual about the vast majority of secondary work on Nietzsche is that it has remained so resolutely ahistorical, even though there is a wealth of material available that would connect Nietzsche with his times. Indeed, if we read Nietzsche's notes and letters, examine his


Survey of concentrations of typical organic contaminants such as aniline,nitrobenzene,polychlorinated(biphenyles)(PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in seawater,sediment and organisms in Jiao-jiang bay as well as the source analysis were conducted.Results showed that the concentrations of aniline,(nitrobenzene),PCBs and PAHs were in the range of 9.3—105.1μg·l~(-1),46.2—268.5 μg·l~(-1),57.5—519.3 ng·l~(-1) and 356.9—1021.4 ng·l~(-1)in the seawater,0.76—1.12μg·g~(-1),5.78—10.42 ng·g~(-1),77.5—165.4 ng·g~(-1) in sediment(dry weight) and 19.51—20.62 ng·g~(-1),0.11—1.03 ng·g~(-1) in(organism)(wet weight),respectively.The accumulation factors in sediment(K_(s))_()of PAHs were greater than PCBs while the accumulation factors in organisms K_(b)of PCBs were greater than PAHs.The wastewater of chemical industries is the main source of aniline and nitrobenzene in seawater and sediment.PAHs were from combustion of fossil fuels in Taizhou power plant and PCBs were from the translocation of waste emission by waste electronic machine recycle industry.


Amino⁃modified biochar supported nano zero⁃valent iron (nZVI@ PEI⁃HBC) was prepared using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the functional monomer and corn stalk derived biochar as the support material, and was characterized by scanning electron microscope ( SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X⁃ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of solution pH, temperature, and dosage on Cr(VI) removal as well as its mechanism were explored. The results showed that the removal rate of Cr(VI) was in the order of nZVI@ PEI⁃HBC > nZVI > PEI⁃HBC > HBC under the conditions of dosage 0.5 g·L-1, pH 5 and 20 °C . SEM images showed that nZVI particles were evenly dispersed on biochar, and FTIR analysis results showed that functional groups for metal complexation such as amino group appeared on the surface of biochar after PEI modification, which contributed to a better Cr(VI) removal performance of nZVI@ PEI⁃HBC. Research on influencing factors showed that the Cr(VI) removal performance of the material was stable and did not change obviously after 28 days of aging, but was enhanced under low pH, high temperature or high dosage. Further mechanism study found that the dissolved oxygen in the water accelerated the corrosion of nZVI and the release of Fe( II), promoted the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which then could be removed by co-precipitation and adsorption through amino and other groups.


We demonstrated in a companion paper (Watts et al., this issue) that the transient response of a globally averaged upwelling diffusion energy balance climate model depends upon three time scales: the mixed-layer thermal response time scale, the thermocline thermal-response time scale, and the upwelling time scale. These time scales are defined and interpreted physically in that paper. The asymptotic solution for the case of linear radiative forcing was shown to depend upon the sum of the thermocline and mixed-layer time scales, while the solution for small values of time depended only upon the mixed-layer time scale. When the land fraction is included in the model, two additional time scales emerge: the land and ocean redistribution time scales. It has previously been shown by Kim et al. (1992) in a two-dimensional energy balance model that the thermal-response time scales are functions of position. The short-time solution (for the responses to both a sudden increase in radiative forcing and a linear increase in radiative forcing) is, however, accurate for only very short times (on the order of 1 year). Here we present closed-form, exact, analytical solutions for the response to both a sudden and a linear increase in radiative forcing. In addition to the mixed-layer and thermocline time scales, these depend upon the upwelling time scale. We show here that for constant mixed-layer and thermocline time scales, the response of the system is faster in intermediate stages when the upwelling time scale is longer.


Abstract Introduction. Assessment of renal function is a crucial component of donor evaluation. The higher measured donor GFR is independently associated with a better allograft outcomes in living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). Monitoring graft function and estimation of GFR is a recommended method for patients' follow-up in posttransplantation period. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation of directly measured GFR of donated kidney with estimated GFR through creatininebased formulas and to detect impact factors on the graft function at 12 months posttransplantation. Methods. Fifty LDKT patients (related and nonrelated donors) with stable renal function in a period of 12 months after transplantation were included in our study. The mean recipient age was 30.7±9.6 years, and donor age 55.45±9.41 years. The mean directly measured donated kidney GFR was 47.61±5.72 ml/min. Graft function was estimated at 3, 6 and 12 months by 3 formulas: Cockcroft- Gault (C-G), MDRD 6 variables and Nankivell. Direct correlation of estimated with measured radiolabeled 99mTc DTPA GFR was performed. Various impact factors such as donor age, dialysis vintage and different calcineurin inhibitors as a part of immunosupression were evaluated. Results. Estimated GFR at 12 months with MDRD, Cockroft Gault, and Nankivell formulas was 72.65±22.6, 94.25±36.42, and 81.78±17.89 ml/min, respectively. The highest estimated GFR was obtained with C-G formula at all three time points. The estimated allograft GFR did not correlate with directly measured GFR of donated kidney. Donor age well correlated with the graft function at 12 months. Allografts from standard criteria donors-SCD (<60 years) had better function than allografts form expanded criteria donors-ECD (>60 years). The highest GFR was estimated with C-G equation (106.08±39.26 ml/min), while GFR estimated with Nankivell was 86.86±15.30 ml/min, and with MDRD 79.67±20.28 ml/min, presenting patients in stage 2 of chronic kidney disease. Duration of hemodialysis treatment under 24 months showed better graft function estimated by C-G at 12 months (102.23±38.86 ml/min), compared to that above 24 months of HD (77.84±18.11 ml/ min). Different type of calcineurin inhibitors did not influence on the graft function at any time point. Conclusion. Creatinine-based formulas for estimation of the graft function did not correlate with directly measured function of the donated kidney with radiolabeled isotopes, nor between each other. Hence, the monitoring of the graft function should be done by a single formula in the posttransplantation period. Expectedly, a better graft function was observed in young donors (standard criteria) and in patients with shorter hemodialysis treatment.


INTRODUCTION There is currently a large gap between performance and complexity in most industrial noise-level prediction models. Hodgson has proposed an empirical model which bridges this gap [1], However, it does not allow for variable room dimensions, fitting densities and absorptions coefficients. In this paper a new prediction model is proposed which includes adjustable parameters for these factors, hi addition, an empirical model for calculating reverberation times in industrial workrooms is presented.


The result showed that the contents of malonaldehyde(MDA),chlorophyll,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate decreased in Litsea Coreana Levl.Var.Lanuginose leaves after infected oidium,the range in infected varieties was bigger than that in resistance varieties;but the content of MDA increased,the range in infected varieties was bigger than that in resistance varieties.The content of chlorophyll were positively related to photosynthetic rate of infected Litsea Coreana Levl.Var.Lanuginose.


The subject of this article is the phenomenon of financialisation and its impact on the information content in financial statements of financial entities with non-financial business profile. The article explains the concept of financialisation, presents the role of accounting in the era of financialisation and shows the impact of financialisation on the information content of financial statements of listed companies outside the financial sector.


In this work, we consider a hilltop version of the (supersymmetric) sneutrino hybrid inflation where the right-handed sneutrino field plays the role of the inflaton field. This model is a type III hilltop inflation that can produce a spectral index $n_s=0.96$ which fits perfectly to experimental observations without fine-tuning of parameters. We also briefly consider nonthermal leptogenesis via the decay of the right-handed sneutrino inflaton field after inflation.


The identification of pituitary FSH and LH cells in states of pharmacological treatment influencing the pituitary FSH and LH production was performed by histological staining at the isoelectric points


This paper examines the efficacy of the Australian points system in a family context among working‐age permanent resident immigrants who arrived between 2000 and 2011 when there was a major focus on skills selection. Sixty‐seven per cent of these immigrants were granted a skilled visa while 25 per cent hold a spousal visa (spouses of Australian citizens). More than half of the skilled visa recipients are the spouses of the primary applicants. Primary applicants among skilled visa holders are assessed for their skills in line with the Australian points system but secondary applicants, such as spouses, among skilled visa holders and spousal visa holders are not subject to any skills assessment before becoming permanent residents. We study differences in economic outcomes by permanent visa types and the role of points system factors in explaining these differences using the Personal Income Tax and Migrants Integrated Dataset and the Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset. We find that primary skilled visa holders earn at least 26–28 per cent more than spousal visa holders, and this is similar for both genders. However, spouses of primary skilled visa holders earn 13–18 per cent more than spousal visa holders. This difference is higher among females than males. Occupation differences can account for nearly half of the differences in income and can entirely capture the role of education and English proficiency. Primary skilled immigrants and their spouses have higher rates of labour force participation and employment than spousal visa holders, starting in the first year of arrival, and the gap is much higher for primary skilled visa holders, but these differences do not disappear quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


The paper focuses on the problem of a monochromatic terahertz TE-polarized wave propagation in a plane dielectric layer filled with a homogeneous isotropic medium; one of the boundaries of the waveguide is covered with a layer of graphene. In fact, the paper aims to find the eigenwaves of the described waveguiding structure. On the one hand, in the study, energy losses both in the dielectric layer and in the graphene layer are neglected; the latter assumption is reasonable in the terahertz range of electromagnetic radiation (on which the paper focuses), where graphene has a strong plasmonic response and much less loss. On the other hand, this study takes into account the significant third-order nonlinearity resulting from the interaction of the electromagnetic wave with the charge carriers in the graphene layer. The paper aims to study the guiding properties of the above structure using primarily an analytical approach. The wave propagation problem is reduced to an eigenvalue problem, where one of the boundary conditions is nonlinear with respect to the sought-for function. The main result of the paper is a dispersion equation allowing for a waveguide of a given thickness to determine a set of its propagation constants and, consequently, a set of its eigenwaves. It is worth noting that the dispersion equation being written in an explicit form can be used to obtain deep qualitative results related to the solvability of the problem and the properties of its solutions. For example, in the paper, the existence of several propagation constants (and, consequently, the eigenwaves) of the studied waveguiding structure is proved under some conditions. Besides studying the problem analytically, the paper presents some numerical results as well. In particular, the presented figures demonstrate how the nonlinearity in graphene affects the propagation constants and eigenwaves, providing the dispersion curves and eigenwaves for nonlinear graphene as well as for the linear one.


Jurassic successions of the northern part of the Friuli (a.k.a. Dinaric or Adriatic) Carbonate Platform (hereinafter FAD) are best exposed along the Trnovski Gozd Plateau in SW Slovenia. A major stratigraphic unit, known as the Trnovo (Ternowaner) oolite has been considered as a classical, textbook example of a highly productive carbonate platform system exporting oolite sediments to the adjacent deep water depositional settings, producing massive bodies of resedimented oolite, such as the Vajont Limestone of the Belluno Basin. Whereas the stratigraphy of the basinal units in the eastern southern Alps and NW Dinarides is well constrained, coeval shallow marine depositional sequences of FAD Carbonate Platform lack a reliable chronostratigraphic framework.


The cultivation of more than one species needs to be done to improve land use efficiency. Multitrophic seafarming has been practiced in several countries and involves two important components in its development. The first is the choice of aquatic plants and animals that can be cultivated together in one cultivation area and the second is water quality management through water replacement techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the cultivation techniques and weight gain of seaweed and aquatic animals. The cultivated seaweed was Eucheuma cotonii, while the cultivated aquatic animals were milkfish and sea cucumbers. The treatments tested were the replacement of the water in a 10-ton culture tank consisting of daily water circulation, water changes every two days and a complete turnover every 3 days. The seaweed was done in a cultivation pond equipped with water flow manipulation. The water flow manipulation was achieved by adding a water pump to rotate the water flow. The variables observed were the growth of the cultivated biota and water quality. The preliminary research results showed that the weight gain of the seaweed after 18 days reached 3 times the initial weight.


Travel time data collection is possible using Bluetooth technology that matches anonymous MAC addresses from discoverable electronic devices to determine speed and travel time along a roadway segment. Several hundred data points can be collected each day compared to an order of magnitude less with global positioning system (GPS) travel time runs. This paper will compare the cost and accuracy of Bluetooth and GPS travel time collection methods. The paper summarizes two weeks of data collected on an arterial corridor for weekday (Tuesday through Thursday) and Saturday conditions.


Abstract
In Ontario Canada, being a vice principal is not considered a career goal. Rather, school principals are drawn from the ranks of practising vice principals. Potential administrators must first pass the principal qualification program and spend several successful years in the interim position of vice principal (known as assistant principal, deputy principal, and assistant headmaster in other countries) before applying for the principalship itself. The current system appears to be replete with inherent challenges both for vice principals and the educational stakeholders they serve. Administrator training is based on a quantitative paradigm, but the vice principal role is highly qualitative in nature, requiring strong interpersonal skills to address conflict for which no training is provided. The current system addresses the dual role of management and leadership but from the perspective of the principal, not the vice principal. Training also favors management over leadership, yet hiring processes for vice principals place a high value on demonstrated leadership. Facility with ethical decision-making is central to the vice principal role yet absent from qualification programs. Qualification programs use classroom-based learning with no "in-role" field experience. Mentoring systems designed to provide new vice principals with help are inadequate for supporting daily tasks. As a consequence, newly appointed vice principals find themselves in a role for which they have not been trained.


Aims and Rationale: The present study aims to enrich understanding of the professional identity of counselling psychology in the UK by exploring both the individual professional identities of counselling psychologists and the broader identity of the profession as a whole. This will elaborate on the existing literature base and allow the researcher to gather a breadth of perspectives of counselling psychology identity whilst also exploring the issues surrounding the identity development of practitioners in greater depth. Method: The study adopts a triangulation mixed methods design to explore the professional identity of counselling psychologists (Cresswell, Plano Clark, Guttman & Hanson, 2003). An exploratory online survey was designed to explore 1) the training, employment and practice characteristics of counselling psychologists and 2) their perception of the role, contribution and future identity of the profession. Concurrent with this data collection, qualitative interviews were conducted which aimed to explore the participants' experience of training and working as a counselling psychologist, and develop an understanding of factors that have impacted upon their individual professional identity. Results: Both data sources contribute to the conception of counselling psychology as a diverse and multi-faceted profession. 'Unity within diversity' has been proposed as an overarching theme that marries the data sources and highlights the different ways in which counselling psychologists experience and articulate their individual professional identity, and the collective identity of the profession. Conclusions: The findings reveal there is no single professional identity inherent within counselling psychology. Multiple professional identities exist and are shaped by a range of factors. Uniting these diverse identities is a central commitment to a humanistic philosophy and value base. This provides a foundation on which therapeutic decision making is made and clients' difficulties conceptualised. Whilst counselling psychology's interest in identity and critical self-reflection has been questioned, this process may allow the profession to remain alert to the changing professional climate and adapt their practice to ensure that they remain valuable and are not overlooked within the field of therapeutic provision.


Abstract Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives 1. To isolate and identify various species of Dermatophytes from clinical specimens 2. To perform and analyze the antifungal susceptibility testing of isolated Dermatophytes for commonly used antifungal agents; terbinafine and itraconazole. Methods A prospective study was conducted from December 2019 to October 2021. Clinical specimens (skin, hair, and nail) from suspected cases of dermatophytosis were received and processed in the department of microbiology. All the samples were subjected to microscopic examination and culture by standard techniques. Their clinico-demographic profile was obtained. Specimen were processed for KOH and fungal culture. Dermatophytes were identified by studying macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the isolates. The conidium-forming dermatophyte isolates were processed for antifungal susceptibility testing for terbinafine and itraconazole by Microbroth dilution testing following the CLSI M-38A2 guidelines. Results Total 248 patients with male predominance (68%) were noted in the above-mentioned study period. Predominance of study population belonged to rural area. Maximum numbers of cases were from the age group 21-30 years. Majority of patients belong to poor socioeconomic status. Out of 248 samples, 178 (72%) had a positive KOH mount amongst which 72% had positive culture results. Amongst 2 4881% were skin scraping, 17% were nail, and 1.6% hair samples were processed. Out of culture-positive samples 52% were Dermatophytes. The most clinical form of dermatophytosis was combination of both Tinea cruris and T. carporis (31%) followed by T. cruris (22%), and T. corporis (17%) for which skin scraping was processed. The most common isolate was Trichophyton tonsurans (73%) followed by T. mentagrophytes (10%), and T. verrucosum. Onychomycosis was diagnosed in 17% patients of which 59% were positive by KOH 49% were culture positive.11.5% isolates from nails were dermatophytes. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by Microbroth dilution method and analyzed the range. The MIC range of major isolates, i.e., T. tonsurans showed MIC ranges against terbinafine <0.03-4 μg/ml and itraconazole 0.03-2 μg/ml. Trichophyton mentagrophyte for terbinafine <0.12-4 μg/ml and for itraconazole 0.12-2 μg/ml. Four isolates of T. tonsurans had higher MIC values for terbinafine and two isolates had higher MIC for itraconazole. One isolate of T. mentagrophytes had higher MIC values of itraconazole, and one another isolate had higher MIC for terbinafine. Conclusion This study highlights the change in pattern of causative agents of dermatophytosis. The present study showed the predominance of T. tonsurans. More extensive studies are needed to evaluate the cut-off range of antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes with clinical follow-up to see the response of respective antifungals and to guide the therapy.


ZHAO Yi is one of the well known literati in the middle of Qing Dynasty.In recent years,studies on ZHAO Yi are gradually deepened in the academic circle.However,the author occasionally found that there were some mistakes like literature quotations and explanation in some research paper and books.This paper identifies and corrects these mistakes.


In order to establish whether any charterparty terms are incorporated into the bill of lading, the first necessity is to specify the charterparty alluded to the incorporation clause in the bill of lading. However, this becomes a potential problem where the date of a charterparty is not inserted on the face of the bill of lading in case a vessel is in operation under a number of charterparties. Over many years this issue has frequently been raised before the English courts, but it is still causing problems. The purpose of this study is to examines the several English authorities which dealt with the issue relating to the specification of charterparty incorporated into the bill of lading and to present some interpretation rules and the order of priority. As a result, the comparative analysis of English authorities shows that they failed to give clear guidance on this issue. This article therefore suggests four interpretation rules such as the precedence of a B/L's face, the rule of appositeness, surrounding circumstances, the contra proferentem rule and shows that the precedence of a B/L's face is most applicable for all parties.


Engineering solutions to energy-supply problems have been actively pursued in recent years. Programs are currently underway in such areas as nuclear waste isolation, nuclear safety, geothermal energy extraction, and enhanced oil recovery. An understanding of the basic fluid physics of two-phase, steam/water flows through porous media is of fundamental importance to the successful attainment of program goals. Consequently, research is being conducted at Sandia National Laboratories to supply this needed technology. One of the primary independent variables which must be measured in any such two-phase flow is liquid saturation, the volume fraction of the total pore space occupied by the liquid phase. The application of the gamma-beam attenuation technique to this measurement problem is described. Specifically, a review is given of mathematical modeling for beam attenuation, a listing of system components, and a discussion of calibration methods. A mathematical error analysis for the overall system is then given in order to define the absolute error in any liquid saturation measurement as a function of various system and experimental parameters. The resulting equation is inverted to define required instrument sensing (counting) time as a function of the maximum acceptable error in the liquid saturation measurement for several porous media of interest.more » Finally, three projected applications of this technique are briefly described.« less


Observations of the Lyα forest at z ∼ 3 reveal a metallicity Z ∼ 10 −2 Z ⊙. The high-redshift supernovae that polluted the IGM also accelerated relativistic electrons. Since the energy density of the CMB ∝ (1 + z) 4 , at high redshift these electrons cool via inverse Compton scattering. Thus, the first star clusters emit X-rays. Unlike stellar UV ionizing photons, these X-rays can escape easily from their host galaxies. Due to their large mean free path, these X-rays would have reionized the universe in a gradual, homogeneous fashion, regardless of the spatial distribution of sources. In this scenario, the ionization fraction of the single-phase IGM rises gradually, in contrast to canonical models where HII regions expand in a neutral IGM. X-rays also played an important role in reheating the universe to higher temperatures than possible with UV radiation. In particular, they may be responsible for observed Lyα forest line widths in excess of predictions from hydrodynamic simulations. These X-rays also counter the tendency of UV radiation to photo-dissociate H 2 , an important coolant in the early universe, by promoting gas phase H 2 formation. While direct detection of sources in X-ray emission is difficult, the presence of relativistic electrons at high redshift and thus a minimal level of X-ray emission may be inferred by synchrotron emission observations with the Square Kilometer Array. These sources may constitute a significant fraction of the unresolved hard X-ray background, and can account for both the shape and amplitude of the gamma-ray background. This paper discusses the existence and observability of high-redshift X-ray sources, while a companion paper (Oh 2000, in preparation) models the detailed reionization physics and chemistry.


Hronicul vechimii romano-moldo-vlahilor includes some references to the Vlachs from Epirus and Thessaly, but Dimitrie Cantemir was mostly concerned with the greatest political achievement of the south-Danubian Romanians, the state created in cooperation with the Bulgarians after the rebellion of 1185 against the Byzantine domination. His main source was the history of Niketas Choniates, the most important for the first two decades
of the state, but he ignored other indispensable sources like Georgios Akropolites or Jeffrey of Villehardouin. Large fragments from the book of the Byzantine historian and statesman Niketas Choniates were translated by Cantemir in his unfinished history of the Romanians.


This chapter looks at the change in the state of empirical cosmology in the five years from 1998 to 2003, which was great enough to be termed a revolution. It was driven by the two great experimental advances. The first is the measurement of the relation between the redshift of the spectrum of an object and its brightness in the sky, given its luminosity: the cosmological redshift–magnitude relation. The second is the detailed mapping of the angular distribution of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. The two programs reached the precision needed for significant constraints on cosmological models at essentially the same time. Quick acceptance of their interpretation was driven by the impressive consistency of implications of these two quite different ways to look at the universe and, equally important, by the consistency with other lines of evidence gathered in the years of research before the revolution.