Most commentators agree that the Schematism chapter plays a very important role in the Critique of Pure Reason ( CPR ). But there is little agreement on what role, exactly, the Schematism is supposed to play and how successfully it plays that role. Many commentators consider it a failure. My aim in this paper is to provide an interpretation of the role of the Schematism and a qualified defense of its main doctrines. The topic of the Schematism is the "subsumption" of objects under concepts, as the first sentence announces: "in all subsumptions of an object under a concept [. . .]" (A137/B176). Its primary aim is to explain how it is possible for sensible objects to be subsumed specifically under the pure concepts of the understanding (categories). That much is relatively clear. However, "subsumption" admits of two different readings, which previous commentators have not carefully distinguished. In one sense, an object a can be said to be subsumed under a concept F just in case some subject thinks of a that it is F. In another sense, though, an object is only said to be subsumed under a concept when it instantiates that concept, e.g. when a is F. The first notion of subsumption is neutral on the truth of subsumption, whereas, on the second reading, subsumptions as such are true. In this paper I argue that this ambiguity in "subsumption" is the key that unlocks the argument of the Schematism.


The Maillard product of glucose and an amino acid (Ala, Arg, Cys, Gly, His, Lys, and Pro) in an aqueous solution heated at 100 o C for 3 h cleaved plasmid supercoiled DNA to give single-strand breaks. DNA breaking activity of the product of Gly increased with the increase of heating time of the aqueous mixture, and the breaking activity was maintained during the heating. It is unlikely that metal ions or orygen-derived radicals participated in the breaking. DNA breaking activity may be due to some polymeric substance(s). Sequencing analysis of the DNA fragment suggested that the breaking was induced at each nucleoside residue and preferentially at the guanosine residues of GC sequences


In this paper the concept approaches the methodology of "lean production" in the light of national circumstances and experience of the introduction of Western business management systems


Objects of the present invention are to provide: a light-emitting element having a long lifetime and good emission efficiency and drive voltage. One embodiment of the invention is a light-emitting element including, between an anode and a cathode, at least a stack structure in which a first layer, a second layer, and a light-emitting layer are provided in order from the anode side. The first layer includes a first organic compound and an electron-accepting compound. The second layer includes a second organic compound having a HOMO level differing from the HOMO level of the first organic compound by from -0.2 eV to +0.2 eV. The light-emitting layer includes a third organic compound having a HOMO level differing from the HOMO level of the second organic compound by from -0.2 eV to +0.2 eV and a light-emitting substance having a hole-trapping property with respect to the third organic compound.


The effects of the magic-angle rotation and cross-polarisation techniques on signal intensities (particularly relative signal intensities) of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for dilute spin-1/2 nuclei in solids are discussed, and examples given. The value of undertaking a range of different experiments is emphasised, particularly for discriminating between different chemical sites or physical environments.


We present an analysis of polarimetric observations of standard stars performed over the period of more than three years with the RINGO3 polarimeter mounted on the Liverpool Telescope. The main objective was to determine the instrumental polarisation of the RINGO3 polarimeter in three spectral energy ranges: blue (350--640~nm), green (650--760~nm) and red (770--1000~nm). The observations were conducted between 2012 and 2016. The total time span of 1126 days was split into five epochs due to the hardware changes to the observing system. Our results should be applied to calibrate all polarimetric observations performed with the RINGO3 polarimeter.


The author responds to Vicery's defense of the conventional peak-load pricing model that allows for ex ante external subsidies when users have non-uniform capacity needs. Continuing the airport analogy, the author explores how the marginal cost of providing service to the first user denied use of the facility because of congestion is greater than that user's potential marginal benefit. The illustrations show that the conventional model fails to allocate resources efficiently. It is only with the broader view of marginal cost that the marginal benefit and cost of the marginal user are equal. Apparent marginal cost is for the case of heterogeneous users of a joint facility.


Means of making accurate correlations for structural determination in drilling for oil and gas in southern Alberta are few. The top of the lower Milk River (Virgelle) has commonly been used as a horizon-marker in wells and test holes. The surface of this formation, however, may not be regular and opinions may differ as to where the contact should be placed in a series of well samples. A study of foraminifera in well samples shows that these fossils can be used for making accurate correlations in this region. Foraminifera are known to occur in all the marine Upper Cretaceous formations of southern Alberta. These are the Bearpaw, Pakowki, and Alberta2 shales. As most of the wells start below the Bearpaw, the fauna of this 1 Published with the permission of the Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa. 2 The name Alberta shale was given by G. S. Hume (Geol. Survey Canada, Summ. Rept. 1929, Pt. B) to a dark shale formation in the foothills which had been called Benton or Colorado. The lower part of this formation is definitely of Colorado age, but the beds near the top contain Montana fossils. The formation, therefore, cannot be properly designated by the old names. C. S. Evans more recently has found that the same thing is true of similar shales in southern Alberta (Geol. Survey Canada, Summ. Rept. 1930, Pt. B.). formation is of little significance. The fauna of the Pakowki is inadequate for correlation purposes. The Alberta shale, however, contains numerous foraminifera at several horizons, and with care these can be used for making accurate correlations. The species described in this paper are found in a zone about 200 feet thick, the upper limit of which is about 300 feet below the top of the Alberta shale. While there are at least twenty species which occur in this zone, only eight are described here. These eight were chosen because they occur in all the wells and are easily recognized. The uppermost occurrence of two species at a horizon about 420 feet below the top of the Alberta shale can be used as a datum plane for correlation purposes and the other species maybe used to check the results. The two species thus used are Clavulina sp. and Bullopora laevis (Sollas). This fauna occurs at least as far north as Lethbridge and as far east as Skiff, Alberta. It has not been observed in material from the Ribstone field or from central Saskatchewan. It is likely that the fauna is confined to southern Alberta and Montana.


Standardized, generic photonic integration technologies [1] enable low-cost design and prototyping of photonic integrated circuits (PIC) realizing complex functionalities for a particular application on a chip scale. The range of potential applications for such photonics integration technology platforms [1] is currently restricted by the accessible wavelengths bands. All of the currently available and mature technology platforms offer their functionalities at wavelengths at around 1.5 μm. This wavelength range corresponds to the c-band in the area of telecommunications and consequently the majority of the application specific photonic integrated circuits (ASPIC) being realized target this area [1]. In order to extend the reach to other fields of applications and broaden a potential market for such generic photonic integration technologies the range of accessible wavelengths has to be diversified [2], [3]. The mid-infrared range beyond 2μm is particularly attractive for gas sensing applications due to presence of strong absorption lines of many gas species for example: acetone, ammonia, carbon dioxide, water vapor, formaldehyde, diethylamine, ethylamine, methylamine and others. Development of a long-wavelength, monolithic, active-passive integration technology on indium phosphide (InP) substrate was undertaken at the COBRA Research Institute in order to extend the potential of the already existing technology at 1.5μm.


Among all kinds of brain-computer interfaces(BCI), the BCI based on code visual evoked potential(c-VEP) distinguishes itself in stability and reliability. Generally, it is necessary to acquire training data for each subject before using c-VEP BCI. In order to facilitate the preparatory procedure, we have conducted a systematic research on subject-transfer problem about the detection of c-VEP. In this work, we proposed a similarity metric by which we can select the most suitable subjects for a new subject from our database, and developed a method to transfer a classifier from the selected subjects to detect the c-VEP of the new subject. We have verified our scheme using the data of 8 subjects. The results show that the classifiers that are transferred from other subjects work as well as those obtained by training on their own data.


The following article presents and analyzes some of the most controversial and prominent interpretations that have been made about Wittgenstein's philosophy. Not before without clarifying that for Wittgenstein himself, this work and the ones that will be discussed, would be senseless for him.


Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) promotes the use of models for the design and analysis of software-intensive systems. These models are specified using dedicated, oftentimes graphical modeling languages. This includes general purpose languages such as SysML or UML which may be tailored to specific domains, and domain-specific languages with a much narrower scope. Either way, the specification of graphical modeling languages and the construction of MDE environments supporting these languages is centered on the definition of a meta-model. Meta-models capture the relevant domain abstractions and concepts by specifying the abstract syntax and static semantics of a graphical modeling language, while the concrete syntax definition, layouting principles and user interactions for model editing are only superficially addressed. This observation holds both for the current state-of-practice and the academic literature, and is at odds with the domain studied in this paper, namely the graphical modeling of real-world technical systems. Our practical observation and central hypothesis is that, in this domain, human factors should be primary concern for the design of domain-specific languages and environments, which enable domain experts to understand, create and edit their models much more efficiently and effectively. As basis for further discussion at the workshop, we report on our ongoing work to develop a technical approach and research methodology to validate this hypothesis in future empirical studies.


Arid and semiarid regions are geographic units that cover approximately 43% of the earth's surface worldwide, and conditions of extreme drought and reduced vegetation cover predominate in these regions. In Mexico, arid and semiarid ecosystems cover more than half of the territory, with desertification, mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and climatic events, as the main problem in these regions. The present research aimed to assess, identify, and classify arid and semiarid zones by employing a methodology based on multicriteria evaluation analysis (MCA) using the weighted linear combination (WLC) technique and geographic information systems (GIS) in the hydrological administrative regions (HARs) of the North Pacific, Northwest, and Baja California Peninsula, located in Northwest Mexico. Data related to aridity, desertification, degradation, and drought were investigated, and the main factors involved in the aridity process, such as surface temperature, soil humidity, precipitation, slopes, orientations, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and evapotranspiration, were obtained. For the standardization of factors, a fuzzy inference system was used. The weight of each factor was then determined with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). To delimit arid regions, the classification of arid zones proposed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) was used, and the result was an aridity suitability map. To validate the results, the sensitivity analysis method was applied. Quantitative and geospatial aridity indicators were obtained at the administrative hydrological level and by state. The main results indicated that semiarid and dry subhumid zones predominated, representing 40% and 43% of the surface of the study area, respectively, while arid regions represented 17%, and humid regions represented less than 1%. In addition, of the states for which 100% of the surface lay in the study area, it was observed that Baja California and Baja California Sur had the largest arid and semiarid zones, while subhumid regions predominated in Sonora and Sinaloa.


Motivated by the discrepancy in measurements of H0 between local and global probes, we investigate whether teleparallel gravities could be a better model to describe the present-day observations or at least to alleviate the H0 tension. Specifically, in this work we study and place constraints on three popular f(T) models in light of the Planck-2018 cosmic microwave background data release. We find that the f(T) power-law model can alleviate the H0 tension from 4.4σ to 1.9σ level, while the f(T) model of two exponentials fails to resolve this inconsistency. Moreover, for the first time, we obtain constraints on the effective number of relativistic species Neff and on the sum of the neutrino masses Σmν in f(T) gravity. We find that the constraints obtained are looser than in ΛCDM. However, the introduction of massive neutrinos into the cosmological model alleviates the H0 tension for the power-law model. Finally, we find that whether a viable f(T) theory can mitigate the H0 tension depends on the mathematical structure of the distortion factor y(z,b). These results could provide a clue for theoreticians to write a more physical-motivated expression of f(T) function.


Plantlets of Solanum commersonii Dun, PI 458317 stem-culture were treated with abscisic acid (ABA) (3.78 to 113.5 μM) at a 20°/15°C day/night temperature regime for 14 days. Cold hardiness increased from—3.3°C to—8.4°C (killing temperature) after 7 days of ABA treatment and remained at this level thereafter. During the course of treatment (14 days), the synthesis of polypeptides was investigated and poly(A+)-RNA was isolated. Translation products of poly(A+)-RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system were then analyzed by 2-D polyacrylamide gel electropho-resis. During the 14 days of ABA treatment, 30 ABA-induced polypeptides were identified. The synthesis of one group of polypeptides was stable and prominent throughout the treatment period. The other group was transient. The most prominent and stable polypeptides had molecular weights of 21 (pi 6.0, 6.3), 22 (pI 6.0, 6.3), 31 (pi 4.5) and 83 (pi 5.4, 5.5, 5.6) ItDa. About one-third of the new polypeptides appeared after cold hardiness reached a maximum (after 7 days of ABA treatments.

ABA treatment alters translatable mRNA populations during the development of cold hardiness. Several mRNAs, encoding in vitro translation products at 26 (pi 6.0, 6.3, 6.4), and 27 (pi 6.0, 6.3, 6.4), 40 (pi 6.4) and 50 (pi 4.5) kDa were identified during course of the ABA treatment. These proteins may play important roles for the development of cold hardiness in tuber-bearing S. commersonii.


Abstract The C10C17 fragment of the natural product, FK-506, has been stereoselectively synthesized from L-gulose. Methods for elaboration to the C1C17 fragment and installation of the C9 carbonyl group are described.


Robert Scholes is a respected literary critic and semiotician who, motivated by dissatisfaction with the reigning epistemological assumptions in the field of literary theory, has advocated revamping the discipline of English in significant ways. Scholes's own epistemology and semiotic approach to pedagogy cohere quite well with Polanyi's epistemological work and are, in essence, post-critical. Given that far more students in the American educational system study English than philosophy, a wider embrace of Scholes's pedagogical approach could provide more opportunities than are currently available to give students access to a post-critical formation. Scholes's epistemology, semiotics, and pedagogy are discussed in some detail, and resonances with Polanyi's grand project are highlighted. "We are condemned to inquiry by our status as humans" (Structuralism in Literature


A large array of state-of-the-art ground-based and airborne remote and in-situ sensors were deployed during the International H2O Project (THOP), a field experiment that took place over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of the United States from 13 May to 30 June 2002. These instruments provided extensive measurements of water vapor mixing ratio in order to better understand the influence of its variability on convection and on the skill of quantitative precipitation prediction (Weckwerth et all, 2004). Among the instrument deployed were ground based lidars from NASA/GSFC that included the Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL), the Goddard Laboratory for Observing Winds (GLOW), and the Holographic Airborne Rotating Lidar Instrument Experiment (HARLIE). A brief description of the three lidars is given below. This study presents ground-based measurements of wind, boundary layer structure and water vapor mixing ratio measurements observed by three co-located lidars during MOP at the MOP ground profiling site in the Oklahoma Panhandle (hereafter referred as Homestead). This presentation will focus on the evolution and variability of moisture and wind in the boundary layer when frontal and/or convergence boundaries (e.g. bores, dry lines, thunderstorm outflows etc) were observed.


The Datong-Yangyuan fault zone (DYFZ) is the largest normal fault in the late Cainozoic Shanxi rift system. Heights of late-Quaternary fault scarps and their along-trending distribution pattern divide the fault zone into two segments, the southwestern segment (SWs) and the northeastern segment (NEs). Between these two segments there are significant variations in mountain front and piedmont slope tectonic geomorphology, mountain front sinuosity, valley width-depth relief ratio and stream gradient index, as well as in the sequence of the micro- physiographic stages, erosion - aggradation - erosion along the NEs and aggradation-erosion-aggradation along the SWs. Rate of faulting and downcutting, fault behaviour and segment boundary characteristics seem to be responsible for such contrast in tectonic geomorphology of the two segments of the fault zone. The boundary between the two segments is characterised by a fault overlap zone, along which a fault displacement deficit has occurred. Therefore, fault behaviour and the distribution of overlapping faults are conjointly responsible for the variations in geomorphology of the Datong-Yangyuan fault zone.


This paper reflects on an attempt to introduce smartphones into a blended learning context and highlights several methodological considerations relevant to the collection of mobile data. While mixed methods are now common, using this approach for investigating the challenges of mobile data collection is not as common. This study employed a mixed method longitudinal exploratory multiple case study design. The study collected qualitative and quantitative data on student interactions within a yearlong series of collaborative language learning activities. This paper describes the methodological issues that emerged during the planning and implementation of the study. The participants were undergraduate students studying English translation at a four-year private university in Tokyo, Japan. This paper adds to the knowledge of employing mixed methodology design for mobile data collection and analysis. In particular the advantages of incorporating Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis with qualitative data. The results suggest that separate forms of data collected at similar frequencies and times and then triangulated provided an effective methodology for studying collaborative learners in a highly mobile context. This can be seen as evidence for the inclusion of various data collection cycles within a single mobile learning research study. six types of quantitative research data for collection with mobile devices were followed; spatial data indicating where the device is being operated; temporal data indicating when the device is being used; user data showing what they are being employed for; learner data indicating what content is being accessed; connectivity data recording who the learner communicates with; assessment data which deals with how the learners know that they are learning and what they are learning. This study incorporated the collection of spatial data through a short survey done during each mobile log in, but no specific location coordinate data was collected. The website logs recorded temporal data of website entry and actions (Figure 2) but could not resolve the precise time spent online. The online time was worked in as an interview question to obtain an approximate sense of how long the participants spent online during each activity. User data was gathered on the actions while logged into the research website to provide a coherent picture of how they carried out the activities. Also, the MDS data was collected to provide a visual representation of any changes in relationship between user and device in the context of the activities (Figure 3). The learner data was recorded and included all online actions and artefacts related to the collaborative activity (Figure 2). The connectivity data was gathered solely for the forum post interaction logs, but any contact outside of the Moodle course website was not recorded in the website logs. The students could declare any alternative communication channels (Twitter, Facebook, face-to-face, etc.) employed each week by filling out their weekly E-Journal which is similar to log books used in some studies (Corlett, Sharples, Bull, & Chan, 2005). The course assessment data comprised the forum answers but was not part of this study because the researcher wished to separate any grading of student participants and the research.


The present invention relates to a high content of essential fatty acids containing eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (DHA) or a mixture of high concentrations of pharmaceutical compositions for the prevention of death in patients with myocardial infarction application of the composition, especially the death of death refers to the sudden death caused.


Annona coriacea, known by names such as "araticum", "araticum smooth" and "marolo", is a plant popularly used for its antiprotozoal, antirheumatic, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. In addition, studies with mice showed anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. This study sought to identify and elucidate the potential mechanisms involved in the activities above. The method of choice employed to predict biological activity, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity was in silico tools. In addition, docking and redocking were performed. Among 28 eligible compounds, two were the most promising, trigonelline and gallic acid. This study opens perspectives for in vitro and in vivo studies with these isolated structures.


Let f be a C^1 map between two Banach spaces E and F. It has been proved that the concept of generalized regular points of f, which is a generalization of the notion of regular points of f, has some crucial applications in nonlinearity and global analysis. We characterize the generalized regular points of f using the three integer-valued (or infinite) indices M(x0), M(subscript c)(x0) and M(subscript r)(x0) at x0∈E generated by f and by analyzing generalized inverses of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces, that is, if f'(x0) has a generalized inverse in the Banach space B(E, F) of all bounded linear operators on E into F and at least one of the indices M(x0), M(subscript c)(x0) and M(subscript r)(x0) is finite, then x0 is a generalized regular point of f if and only if the multi-index (M(x), M(subscript c)(x), M(subscript r)(X)) is continuous at x0.


In recent years,many natural products have been isolated from marine ascidians,which has aroused interest of organic chemists and pharmacologists.These natural products have novel structures and show marked physiological activities.This article summarizes the advances at home and abroad in recent years in the research about the natural products isolated from ascidians,and classfies them on the basis of their structure types.


American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares: Early Holocaust Consciousness and Liberal America, 1957-1965, by Kirsten Fermaglich. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2006. 252 pp. $29.95. Kirsten Fermaglich's highly suggestive American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares offers a spirited plea for us to reassess the multiple and often ambiguous meanings of secular Jewish identity. Her defense of secular American Jewishness is as well a rebuke to more static ideas about Jewishness that measure identification strictly in terms of ritual observance or temple membetship. As Fermaglich demonstrates, secular Jews at the turn of the 1960s championed universal values and liberal causes in a fashion completely consonant with their Jewish identities even while they often neglected (or hesitated) to name Jewishness as a motivation for their actions. As Fermaglich illustrates in a quartet of case studies, the content of secular Jewish self-understanding for these individuals was anything but static. It often could - and did - change dramatically over rime. In four self-contained chapters, Fermaglich traces the careers of four controversial public intellectuals at the turn of the 1960s: the historian Stanley Elkins, the journalist Betty Friedan, the sociologist Stanley Milgram, and the psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton. In each case, Fermaglieli explores how the intellectual made use of references to the Holocaust to make sense of a radically different political or historical situation. Indeed, a major purpose of Fermaglich's book is to contribute to a growing body of scholarship that challenges Peter Novick's increasingly threadbare paradigm (advanced in his The Holocaust in American Life) that the Holocaust was not a topic for public discussion in the U.S. until after 1967. To the contrary, as Fermaglich persuasively shows, the Holocaust was openly and broadly discussed already at the turn of the 1960s. Thus, her first chapter looks at Elkins' Slavery (1959), a blockbuster academic text that equated pathological damages done to (male) slaves in the antebellum South with psychic damages experienced by victims of the Nazi concentration camps. Considered a liberal intervention in debates over whether African Americans should be the beneficiaries of preferential treatment, Slavery soon found its way into public policy discussions and was cited prominently in the Johnson administration's now infamous Moynihan Report. In her second chapter, Fermaglich examines Friedan's massively influential TIk Feminine Mystique (1963), which stated that the American housewife was little more than the dehumanized denizen of "a comfortable concentration camp." In the third chapter, Fermaglich recounts the fascinating tale of Milgram's obedience experiments wherein unsuspecting subjects administrated (what they believed were) painful electric shocks to another human being. Since subjects so often did what they were told, his research led Milgram to conclude that a Nazi lay dormant in each of us. …


A computer program is described, which calculates electric fields in configurations with both capacitive and resistive distribution of potentials. Resistive coating on the surface of the insulation as well as conductivity in the insulation itself can be handled.


Much of the literature examining chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) immunopathology has been predicated on messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis with the assumption that transcriptional changes would reflect end‐effector protein expression. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using matched transcriptomic and proteomic data sets.


In the current world of education,"alienation"has become common in teacher-student relationship in school. By reflecting on modern educational theory,we find that modern teacher-student relationship is being reconstructed by post-modern educational ideology and revised by subjectivity educational theory. However,we hold a deep doubt about the possibility to highlight their theoretical values because of the limitation of theoretical hypotheses and lack of practical operation of the two theories. In terms of reflection on and criticism of educational modernity,in order to get rid of the dilemma of the alienated teacher-student relationship,we must surpass educational modernity by enriching and completing the implication of post-modern educational ideology and developing a teacher-student community of constructive post-modern sense and form.


Aiming at the resource management in the grid computing,a model based on continuous double auction is presented.In this model,there are three components named resource broker,task broker and auctioneer,the descriptions of the resource and the task are extended,and both the pricing function for resource broker and the pricing function for task broker are defined separately.Giving attention to both of user's profit and resource owner's profit,this model is rational and practical.


We analyze U.S. banks' asset exposure to a recent rise in the interest rates with implications for financial stability. The U.S. banking system's market value of assets is $2.2 trillion lower than suggested by their book value of assets accounting for loan portfolios held to maturity. Marked-to-market bank assets have declined by an average of 10% across all the banks, with the bottom 5th percentile experiencing a decline of 20%. Most of these asset declines were not hedged by banks with use of interest rate derivatives. We illustrate in a simple model that uninsured leverage (i.e., Uninsured Debt/Assets) is the key to understanding whether these losses would lead to some banks in the U.S. becoming insolvent--unlike insured depositors, uninsured depositors stand to lose a part of their deposits if the bank fails, potentially giving them incentives to run. We show that a bank's survival depends on the market beliefs about the share of uninsured depositors who will withdraw money following a decline in the market value of bank assets. If interest rate increases are small such that the bank's decline in asset values is relatively small, there is no risk of a run equilibrium. However, for sufficiently high increases in interest rates, we have multiple equilibria in which uninsured depositor run making banks insolvent (i.e., a "bad" run equilibrium) becomes a possibility. Banks with smaller initial capitalization and higher uninsured leverage have a smaller range of beliefs supporting a "good" no run equilibrium, increasing their fragility to uninsured depositor runs. A case study of the recently failed Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) is illustrative. 10 percent of banks have larger unrecognized losses than those at SVB. Nor was SVB the worst capitalized bank, with 10 percent of banks having lower capitalization than SVB. On the


Cooling Technology
Passive radiative cooling relies on materials that emit infrared radiation through an atmospheric window of low energy absorption, thereby using outer space as a cold sink. Li et al. found a paint-like material that allowed for daytime, subambient daytime cooling. Calcium carbonate particles with a wide size distribution were mixed with acrylic and the resulting paint was field tested to demonstrate the cooling capabilities. Passively providing cooling may help mitigate the need for air conditioning and easy application is a key incentive for adopting the technology.

Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 1 , 100221 (2020).


Black smelly water around the economy, society and people's livelihood development has a very bad influence, seriously affects people's production and life style, in order to further remove black smelly water bodies, this article takes the water environment treatment scheme of Houhai River in Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example, this paper considers the treatment of water environment as a whole with systematic thinking. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the sources of pollutants in the basin, the quantitative analysis method of current pollutants in the present situation was established, and a technical route of "pollution control and interception, endogenous treatment, ecological restoration and raising quality of living water" was established according to the quantitative analysis of pollutants. In the process of treatment, the concept of sponge city should be implemented simultaneously; the river ecosystem should be improved by revetment ecological promotion, drainage outlet landscape treatment and so on. The implementation effect evaluated by model showed that all indicators could reach the design goal. The purpose of this paper could provide reference for water environment treatment schemes in other similar areas.


Advanced engine cooling systems typically replace the traditional mechanical cooling actuators with electrical controlled ones to reduce unnecessary power losses. The real time adjustment of the pump, valve, and radiator fans allow the engine temperature to be more accurately regulated. This paper investigates a nonlinear adaptive multi-input and multi-output (NAMIMO) controller to operate the valve and radiator fans to control the engine temperature under different operating conditions. A nonlinear adaptive backstepping (NAB) control strategy and a state flow (SF) control law are introduced for comparison. An experimental laboratory station has been fabricated to evaluate the proposed controllers. The test results show that the NAMIMO controller can regulate the engine temperature to a desired value ( $| e | < 0.5{\,^ \circ }{\rm{C}}$ at steady state) and compensate for unknown heat loads and ram air effects. In contrast, the NAB control law consumes the least radiator fan power but realized a larger average temperature tracking error (40% greater than NAMIMO controller) and longer response time (34% greater than NAMIMO controller) and shows weakness when the heat load is low. Finally, the SF controller, characterized by greater oscillation and electrical power consumption (18.9% greater than the NAMIMO controller), was easy to realize and maintained the engine temperature within $| e | < 0.5{\,^ \circ }{\text{C}}$. The main technical contribution of the study is a nonlinear control strategy which regulates the engine temperature while compensating for unknown heat loads and ram air effects.


IN ADDITION to its classic hypophysiotropic action, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) may play a role as a modifier of activity in the brain and many peripheral organs [for reviews, see Refs. 1-8]. GnRH analogs have been used in the treatment of the endocrine-dependent cancers; breast cancer [9-13], prostatic cancer [13-17], pancreatic cancer [18, 191, endometrial cancer [20, 21], ovarian stromal tumor [22, 23] and ovarian cancer [24-35]. The antitumor action of GnRH analog had been presumed to result from a desensitization or down-regulation of GnRH receptors in the pituitary, with a consequent decline in gonadotropin secretion and gonadal hormone production. There are, however, indications that a GnRH analog suppresses the growth of the cancer cells in vitro. In certain tumors responsive to GnRH analogs, the specific binding sites for GnRH and GnRH receptor mRNA are demonstrated. These findings suggest a regulatory role of GnRH receptor in the growth of tumor cells. Because of its short half-life, GnRH is undetectable or very low in the general circulation. It is unlikely that GnRH of hypothalamic origin could reach the peripheral organs in sufficient concentrations to activate its receptors and exert a biological action, although supposedly secreted in


ii DEDICATION v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi PART 1 CHAPTER 1 1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1 CHAPTER 2 13 PROTOTYPICAL ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY, PARTICIPATION AND EDUCATION 13 2.


Former ballet dancer Annette Gillen speaks of the performances of the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo she saw as a child that impacted her into pursuing the profession. She recalls the influence of her mentors Kirsova and Borovansky on her dance, and also cherishes her friendships from the world of ballet.


ABSTRACT Interactions of macro- on meiobenthos were studied in the sediment of a small stream in northwestern Costa Rica. Three different exclosure types (n = 5) were exposed for 21 days: (1) treatment macrofauna (2 mm mesh size) allowed meiobenthic plus macrobenthic colonization; (2) treatment meiofauna (500 μm mesh size) allowed meiobenthic colonization but reduced macrobenthic colonization; and (3) plastic pipe exclosures (35 μm mesh size lid) inhibited access of both meio- and macrobenthos. In each cage, standardized hard substrates were provided for algal colonization. We postulated impacts of macrobenthos on (1) meiofaunal abundance, (2) algal biomass, and (3) nematode community composition. Reduction of macrobenthos did not result in increased population densities for any meiobenthic taxonomic group, but gastropods were more abundant in macro treatments. Ambient population densities were not reached inside the exclosures except for ostracods. Algal biomass significantly increased when macrobenthos was reduced, yet the influence of a caging effect during the experiment cannot be ruled out. Bacterivorous nematodes were dominant in both treatments. Species of the genera Eumonhystera and Plectus (colonizers) were predominantly found in meio treatments, while the genera Rhabdolaimus and Dorylaimus/Mesodorylaimus (persisters) were mainly present in macro treatments.


The synthesis and structural properties of a series of chromium tricarbonyl 'piano-stool' complexes bearing substituted pentafulvene ligands were studied. Significant deviation of the exocyclic fulvene double bond from the cyclopentadiene plane accompanies coordination. Evidence of non-covalent π-π interactions was observed.


Hepatocellular injury including multinuclear changes are common histological features in biliary atresia (BA), as well as in neonatal hepatitis. To date, however, no reports have examined how those findings correlate with the prognosis of BA. We clarified the clinical implications of hepatitis‐related changes in BA on histological analysis.


Copyright held by the author(s). This paper presents an initial comparison of user behavior in job, talent, and web search using query and click logs from a popular employment marketplace. The observations suggest that the understanding of users' search behavior in this scenario is still at its infancy and that some of the assumptions made in general web search may not hold true.


JAMES died in 19 io, before the War and the changes which it brought, yet it seems possible to affirm that conditions are better today for an understanding of his work than during his lifetime. The pre-War period had its achievements, yet it seems to us as we look back on it to have been an age of comparative complacency. The world was not perfect, but it was improving, and drastic changes in ways of viewing economic, philosophical, or religious problems were the last things to be expected. To such a period James did not entirely belong. He was no spokesman for conservatism. His philosophy was always a bit too unorthodox, his religion too unconventional, his insights too widely ranging and diverse to be included within the established classifications. It is not altogether surprising that a Harvard savant who was his contemporary was led to call him one of the more disintegrating forces of the time. But as we look at his philosophy today in the light of the changes which have come and the greater changes anticipatedit is possible to see that his radicalism and unconventionality were the natural accompaniments of his own profound conviction of the need for change, and for a philosophy in which it would be given its due. It is not so much that he belonged in the succession of thinkers from Heraclitus to Bergson who stress the fact of "becoming" against "being." For him the contrast was rather between what he believed to be, in the philosophical tradition of his own day, an emphasis on the static quality of critical thought, and his own conviction of the dynamic nature of both thought and emotion, and of both as arising out of the stream of life. James was indeed a prophet of life in the sense that he found in it, rather than in any intellectual abstraction, the ultimate


Abstract This paper presents a critical policy analysis of how anti-political education reforms impact arts education. I consider examples of educational policies—both within arts education and outside the arts—to analyze how arts education may be impacted by anti-politics. I argue that many arts education policy outcomes can be understood as indirectly resulting from neoliberal and increasingly anti-political education policy moves. I offer both specific examples and a broad, conceptual discussion of arts education policies and policy outcomes that can be understood as following from anti-political moves. Based on the analysis, I offer recommendations for future policy analysis in arts education.


The potential of an electric charge in a gravitational field has been discussed very recently by Professor Whittaker and by E. T. Copson. The latter gives the solution for a point centre at "distance" a from a mass of gravitational radius α. The coordinates used are such that the metric is given by


Lefty Kreh's Presenting the Fly details the most essential analysis in fly-fishing: how to get the right fly to the right fish, in the right way, at the right time. This vastly comprehensive, large-format volume explains the ways that shape, color, and weight of the fly can determine success under varying conditions.


Summary
Education in the use of economics applied to animal health (EAH) has been offered as part of various veterinary degree programmes since the 1980s. However, it has never been institutionalised in under-graduate curricula for animal health professionals and there is no systematic information on current teaching and education activities. An online survey was conducted in Europe to assess existing teaching programmes and the expectations of people using economics in animal health. The main conclusion is that there is insufficient EAH education on offer and there are disparate approaches to EAH-related curricula. Respondents expressed concerns regarding for example the limited education relating to assessing economic impacts of animal diseases, evaluation of intervention decisions, or using economics for general business management and understanding markets. Both public and private organisations predicted an increasing need for EAH in the future. The overarching implication is that EAH teaching methods and materials need to be developed and philosophically embedded into animal health curricula to ensure that future policy decisions regarding animal health are based on strong, well-founded knowledge of resource allocation.


This paper investigates the problem of balanced nutrition as basis of the health status of the population and an important component of ensuring the country's food security in terms of achieving norms of rational food consumption. Based on the data of Budgetary household surveys conducted by Rosstat in 1992-2014 the dynamics of the structure of household's consumption of basic food products, as well as the energy and nutritional value of rations was analyzed. Since the 1990s the structure of population nutrition has undergone significant changes. However, to date, the consumption rate of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, eggs, recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, have not been achieved. At the same time, norms of sugar and fat consumption are significantly exceeded. The existing diet of Russians increases the risk of developing non-infectious diseases (cardiovascular diseases, oncology, etc.), which are the main causes of death in the Russian Federation. Using the data of selective observation of the population's diet in 2013, the determinants of the irrational structure of the population's nutrition were studied at the micro level. On the basis of logit models, the factors and quantitative estimates of their influence on exceeding the norms of sugar, fat consumption, inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables were determined. Indicators of age, gender, marital status, type of settlement, level of education, number of children in the household and financial position were marked as significant determinants. Respondents of over 60 years old, as well as large families have a high probability of inadequate levels of consumption of fruits and vegetables. Based on these findings, practical recommendations for improving the diet of the population were proposed. This analysis and the methodology used will contribute to the development of a monitoring system for the implementation of the national project «Health and the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation in the context of achieving rational norms of the food consumption.


ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION
The annual variations in growth rates recorded in the incremental layers of wood in trees are an important source of information about past climatic patterns. A recently completed international dendrochronological project spanning the entire Holocene period (the past 10,000 years)


Various Lower Tertiary epiphyllous microfungi are described from southern Australia, including the monotypic new genus Cribrites aurea and the new species Callimothallus australis. Modern equivalents were searched for in 72 leaf-litter samples from Australasia. The habitat indicator value of the fossils is assessed by comparison with the geographic, climatic, and vegetational relationships of the modern forms.


An anisotropic low Reynolds number k-e turbulence model is proposed for viscoelastic fluids and is used to predict drag reducing pipe flow. The Reynolds stress is given as an expansion of up to second order of the time average rate of deformation and vorticity tensors and its good performance is assessed by analysing limiting behaviour and comparisons with literature data. The model includes variable turbulent diffusion for k and e, and is able to predict enhanced turbulence anisotropy with increasing strainhardening of the Trouton ratio and shear-thinning of the shear viscosity.


In this paper was applied to superconductor coils instead of the normal coils for magnetic resonance wireless power transfer. Superconductor coils had zero resistance below the critical temperature. Therefore Quality-factor was high better than normal conductor. Also, the normal coils and the superconductor coils was constructed through the High Frequency Structures Simulation program(HFSS). From this simulation measurement result, E-field maximum distribution of normal coils were 2.6827e+000, E-field maximum distribution of superconductor coil were 1.0000e+003. E-field distribution was confirmed that superconductor coils higher than the normal conductor coils.


Two species of parasitoids, Anagyrus kamali and Gyranusoidea indica (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), associated with the pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), are reported for the first time, in urban areas of the municipalities of Cucuta and Los Patios, in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia.


Introduces the developing trend of subway electrified power supervision system, characteristics of LONWORKS, puts forward the design plan of subway substation integrated automation system based on PLC technology, and compared with PLC plan, illustrates the excellence of LONWORKS, the designed interface between subway substation integrated automation system and railway main control system.


Provided herein are useful polyamine precursors for the production of epoxy resin. And polyamine precursor according to the present invention when the operation time is long epoxy resin formulations as compared to the prior art amine used in the curing of epoxy is obtained. It is a long working time complex than using an ordinary epoxy curing agent was not possible manufacturing, for example, it is interpreted as allowing manufacture of wind turbine complexes blade. The polyamines are also useful that the polyurea coatings deposited from also lengthening the reaction time polyurea formulation is much amount flowing in until gelation.


Microbes have evolved to exploit humans as a rich source of nutrients to support survival and replication. Although mammals and microbes may differ in their requirement for tryptophan (Trp), being an essential amino acid in the former and produced, with some exceptions, by bacteria and fungi, common catabolic enzymes are shared by both host and pathogens. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDOs) catabolize Trp to kynurenines and are widely distributed from bacteria to metazoans. The evolutionary conservation of the kynurenine pathway may be linked to the importance of the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), to which it ultimately leads, although additional functions of kynurenines are increasingly being recognized. Indeed, it is now clearly established that mammalian IDOs regulate infection and drive immune tolerance by means of Trp deprivation and the generation of active metabolites, including kynurenines. An additional level of complexity can be envisaged when microbes utilize Trp via alternative pathways upon colonization of the host in a relationship that can be either commensalism or pathogenic. In these situations, the host and microbes are found to share common substrates but the presence of dissimilar metabolic pathways may result in the generation of metabolites, such as indoles or tryptamine that can cross-regulate each others metabolism. Here, we discuss the potential relevance of Co-Trp metabolism or alternative secondary pathways of Trp degradation in modulating host immune response and eventually the xenobiotic receptors (XRs), while regulating microbe fitness. These concepts are expected to open a novel scenario in which a comprehensive assessment of the metabolic status is crucial to correctly evaluate pathological colonization and drive the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of Sanjia Ruangan capsule combined with adefovir dipivoxil in treating HBV related compensated cirrhosis.Methods:One hundred and twenty cases of compensated cirrhosis with hepatitis B virus infection were randomly divided into treatment group(60 cases) and control group(60 cases).For the control group,each patient was given adefovir dipivoxil 10mg,1/d,take orally.For the treatment group,on the basis of control group,each patient was given Sanjia Ruangon capsule 3.0,3/d,take orally.Symptomatic treatment measures were similar of the two groups,no other perparation of anti-virus,immunity adjusting and anti-hepatic fibrosis were used in both groups,a total of 12 months treatment.The assessments of liver function(ALT,AST,TBil,Alb),liver fibrosis index(HA,LN,PCⅢ,Ⅳ-C),B ultrasonic and HBV DNA were performed.Results:There were statistically significant difference in liver function,B ultrasonic and reduction of liver fibrosis index from the baseline at year 1 between the two groups(P0.01),but the negative rate of HBV DNA were similar for the two groups.There were no adverse drug reactions.Conclusion:Sanjia Ruangan capsule combined with adefovir dipivoxil in treating hepatitis B liver cirrohosis is safe and effective.The effect of this method is superior to the way of only use of adefovir dipivoxil.


There are ever so many reasons to question dam proposals in developing countries. Issues of social justice and indigenous rights are often raised. Shaky economic assumptions are frequently exposed. The ecological damage is well-documented. an endless list of site-specific issues can arise—for example, the submergence of archaeological resources of the Rio usumacinta watershed in Guatemala and Mexico or the Ilisu valley in Turkey should proposed dams go forward. but there is only one issue that applies across the board, to every dam ever proposed: all dams act as barriers to the movement of aquatic animals, and "fish ladder" type technology is, at best, a partial solution. No discussion of any dam scheme is complete without an assessment of which species of fish and other aquatic creatures need to move up and down the river past the dam site. Yet, except in those cases involving highprofile commercial or recreational fisheries, this issue often goes unremarked. No dam assessment is complete without an effort to collect all relevant biological information. by "relevant" we mean not only the environmental impact studies which are often mandated for the areas directly impacted by the dam, reservoir, and associated infrastructure, but information about long reaches of river up and downstream of the dam site. Most dam proposals do not include such studies. This is a global issue, but applies with particular force to islands and narrow land masses, such as the Mesoamerican isthmus, where rivers are characteristically short. The experience in the changuinola/Teribe watershed of bocas del Toro Province, Panama, described herein, details the critical nature of this problem. as aquatic conservation biologists, we are embarrassed that so many of our professional colleagues are asleep on this issue. River activists concerned with dams have also largely neglected to take advantage of this universal issue. It is time for a worldwide wake-up call on this critical problem.


Low-dimensional spin systems reveal new and unexpected physical phenomena such as distinct plateaus in the magnetization as a function of magnetic field. In this paper we present ultrasonic measurements for the quasi-two-dimensional spin system SrCu2(BO3)2 in magnetic fields up to 50 T. From this technique we obtained detailed information about the spin state, the magnetic excitations and their interaction with phonons. The dimerized quantum-spin system SrCu2(BO3)2 exhibits plateaus in the magnetization and shows surprisingly strong magneto-elastic effects as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The pronounced elastic anomalies indicate a resonant interaction between the sound wave and the magnetic excitations.


The aim of this study is to convert mixed plastic waste into usable liquid fuel via pyrolysis technique using Ukpor clay as a low-cost catalyst and commercial grade kaolin. Waste plastic was catalytically degraded in a laboratory scale pyrolysis semi-batch reactor at a temperature of 400 °C, residence time of 45 min, and heating rate of 16 ˚C/min. The catalysts were characterized by XRF analysis while proximate analysis of the plastic feed carried out gave volatile materials content of 95.17 wt%, fixed carbon of 1.51 wt% and ash content of 2.6 wt%. Ukpor clay and kaolin were employed as catalysts in catalytic pyrolysis of the same feedstock for catalyst-to-plastic ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 and at the same operating parameters. Optimum yields were obtained at a catalyst-to-plastic ratio of 1:3 for both catalysts with a yield of 85.80, 3.58, and 10.62 wt% for Ukpor clay and 89.80, 6.33, and 3.87 wt% for kaolin for the liquid, gaseous, and solid products, respectively. The liquid products obtained for the catalytic cracking at optimum conditions were characterized for their suitability as fuel. The properties determined were density, viscosity, flash point, pour point, and calorific value. The results suggest that both catalysts produced liquid products, whose properties are comparable to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel oil) with kaolin catalytic pyrolysis process producing higher liquid yield. GC-MS analysis found that most of the liquid oil produced a high aromatic content with some aliphatic and other hydrocarbon compounds, FTIR analysis of the liquid product from catalytic pyrolysis also shows that it contains hydrocarbons with different functional groups such as aromatics, olefins, carbonyl, amines, sulphides, and hydroxyl.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects and safety of aggressive antiplatelet therapy in the patients with ST segment elevation during ECG treadmill exercise test.Method:65 patients with ST segment elevation during ECG treadmill exercise test were randomized to treat with tirofiban plus heparin on with heparin as a control,all patients received aspirin and clopidogrel if there were no contraindication.Observation:changing of angina during medication,the TIMI flow in Selective Coronary Angiography(SCA) at the end of the treatment,the 4.5 day and 30 day primary composite endpoint(persistent myocardial ischaemic,new onset myocardial infarction and death) and adverse drug effect.Result:Compared with control group,tirofitan group had a significant decrease in frequencies(form 8.26±3.51 to 0.96±1.24,P0.05) and average duration(form 36.44±13.57 to 5.65±2.72,P0.05) of angina,a greater percentage of TIMI 3 flow in SCA(45.5% vs 15.6%,P0.05),and reduced tendency of primary end point events.There was no significant adverse drug effect in two groups.Conclusion:Aggressive antiplatelet therapy is effective and safe for patients with ST segment elevation during ECG treadmill exercise test.


Since the publication of Agenda for Change, Nursing Standard has received a number of queries from readers about the proposals. John Humphreys, RCN acting director of employment relations, answers them.


This paper bridges an intellectual chasm often regarded as impassable, that between modern jurisprudence (philosophy of law) and contemporary theology. Our thesis is that remarkably similar developmental patterns exist in these two areas of the history of ideas and that lessons learned in the one are of the greatest potential value to the other. It will be shown that the fivefold movement in the history of modern theology (classical liberalism, neoorthodoxy, Bultmannian existentialism, Tillichian ontology, and secular/deathof-God viewpoints) has been remarkably paralled in legal theory (realism/positivism, the jurisprudence ofH.L.A. Hart, the philosophy ofRonald Dworkin, the neo-Kantian political theorists, and Critical Legal Studies' deconstructionism). From this comparative analysis the theologian and the legal theorist can learn vitally important lessons for their own professional endeavors.


The quality of diet fed to bivalve broodstock during reproductive conditioning directly affects growth and survival of their larval and postlarval progeny. The objective of the present study was to improve the quality of larval production in the Chilean scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) and the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) by testing of the effects of different experimentally enriched diets on the conditioning and early development of progeny under laboratory conditions. The diets used included protein-rich microalgae and mixtures of microalgae and lipid emulsions. Quality of D-larvae, pediveligers, and 1-mm postlarvae from the variously fed broodstock was measured to evaluate each diet as indicators of growth and survival of the early life stages. Biochemical analyses were carried out on eggs and larvae to determine the effects of the different diets on these parameters. The main results for the scallops and oysters were that a conditioning diet containing algae rich in protein improved larval growth and survival. This effect did not, however, extend past metamorphosis. Also, the best conditioning diet increased the lipid content of the eggs, as well as the protein content of the D-larvae, although the mechanism for this remains unclear. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


To evaluate a computer‐aided approach to the assessment of spinal inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in spondyloarthritis as compared to visual assessment.


Heat transfer enhancement in any system is very importance .it is increase the performance and also reduces all their dimensions. in the design of any system space availability is very importance parameter according to this all components and their size and shape selected to make compact design always select the optimize all parameters so there performance doesn't change and output remain same also dimension reduces means material cost and weight of this system reduces .In this paper more focused on the heat transfer enhancement of Car radiator by using nano fluid are discuses in short review. nano fluid is the new generation fluid. it increases the transportation properties of basic fluid in which it added .also some discussion of input parameters such as input temperature ,input flow rate ,concentration of nano fluid and their effect on heat transfers discuses . low thermal conductivity is always the limitation to design energy efficient heat transfer fluid that are required in many industrial application. conventional fluid such as water ,engine oil and ethylene glycol is normally used as a coolant in car radiator .Although various techniques are used to increase the heat transfer rate but low heat transfer rate of this fluid is obstructs the performance and compactness of heat of heat exchanger .use of solid particles as a additives suspended in to base fluid is key idea to improve heat transfer characteristics of conventional fluid


Introduction: Previous studies of the radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) have yielded highly inconsistent estimates of the overall rate and variability of joint space narrowing (JSN)—a surrogate for loss of articular cartilage. Published estimates of the annual rate of JSN in these studies, all of which relied on the conventional standing anteroposterior (AP) radiograph, have varied ten-fold, from 0.06–0.60 mm/yr, with coefficients of variation (CV) of JSN ranging from 200–400% [1].


In this work we generalize the case of scalar curvature zero the results of Simmons (Ann. Math. 88 (1968), 62-105) for minimal cones in R n+1 .I fM n−1 is a compact hypersurface of the sphere S n (1) we represent by C(M)e the truncated cone based on M with center at the origin. It is easy to see that M has zero scalar curvature if and only if the cone base on M also has zero scalar curvature. Hounie and Leite (J. Differential Geom. 41 (1995), 247-258) recently gave the conditions for the ellipticity of the partial differential equation of the scalar curvature. To show that, we have to assume n 4 and the three-curvature of M to be different from zero. For such cones, we prove that, for n 7 there is an e for which the truncate cone C(M)e is not stable. We also show that for n 8 there exist compact, orientable hypersurfaces M n−1 of the sphere with zero scalar curvature and S3 different from zero, for which all truncated cones based on M are stable.


Designing Web-applications is considerably different for mobile computers (handhelds, Personal Digital Assistants) than for desktop computers. Screen size as well as system resources are limited and end-users interact differently. Consequently, detecting handheld-browsers on the server side and delivering pages optimized for a small client form factor is inevitable. The authors discuss their experiences during the design and development of an application for medical research, which was designed for both mobile and personal desktop computers. The investigations presented in this paper highlight some ways in which Web content can be adapted to make it more accessible to mobile computing users. As a result the authors summarize their experiences in design guidelines and provide an overview of which factors have to be taken into consideration when designing software for mobile computers.


Introduction: Fractured scapula is rare because the scapula is mobile and well protected. We report the first prospective study in the literature of scapular fractures caused by blunt trauma. Patients: 67 consecutive patients (64 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 33 (8–60) years) were included between January 2003 and September 2004. Data regarding the mechanism of injury, associated injuries, the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the location of the scapular fracture, whether it was isolated or involved more than one part of the scapula, and the accuracy of radiographic modality used were analyzed. Results: 50 (75%) fractures were caused by road traffic accidents, 11 by afall from height, 4 from a fall from the same level and 2 by heavy object. 56 patients (84%) sustained associated injuries of which chest injury occurred in 48 (72 %) and was the most frequent. Many patients had more than one substantial chest injury. 30 (45%) patients had lung contusion, 27 rib fracture, 23 haemothorax and 22 pneumothorax. The abbreviated injury score for chest injury for the isolated fractures (n=41) was 2.1 (0–5) and for the combined fracture group (n=26) was 2.4 (NS). Other associated injuries were upper limb fractures in 29 patients, head and facial injuries in 25, 17 had pelvic fractures, lower limb fractures occurred in 16 patients, 15 had spinal fractures and 10 abdominal injuries. No brachial plexus or subclavian artery injury occurred. The mean ISS was 20 for both fracture groups. 41 (61%) of fractures were isolated. Of these, 31 (75%) involved the body of the scapula, 4 acromion, 2 glenoid, 2 coracoid, 1 neck and 1 spine. For the 26 combined fractures, the body was involved in 24 (92%), 13 the neck, 12 spine, 4 glenoid, 4 acromion and 3 coracoid. Plain chest X-ray was done in 63 patients and the scapular fracture was shown in 40 (63%). 42 patients had scapular X-rays and the fracture was seen in 35 (83%). The fracture was shown in all 42 patients that had computer tomography (CT) of the chest. The same was true for the 19 patients who had CT of the scapula. In total, CT was done in 61 (91%) of the 67 patients. Discussion; Scapular fracture has a high rate of associated injuries, mainly to the chest. Lung contusion, haemo- and pneumothorax were very frequent in our series compared with other reports. The liberal use of trauma CT protocols and the prospective nature of the study may explain this finding.


Although it has an extraordinary geopolitical advantage as an island country,Japan still has an emotion of "looking at the continent while sitting at the sea"which reveals its ambition of expansion. Historically,Japan's strong nationalist zeal and spirit of expansion,intertwined with its growing power,aggressed into its neighboring states repeatedly. However,every single fruit of expansion is gone with the World War II. From the birth of the Japan Maritime Self- Defense Force in 1954 to the recent lift of the ban on collective self- defense,Japan's sea power is growing rapidly,and the space under its influence is also expanding. Under U. S. mollycoddle,Japan's ambition is rising,again. As Japan's neighboring continental power,China once again becomes the obstacle and therefore the target of its expansion. Japan's history and ambition should trigger alerts of China and all other peace- loving countries.


Peter Toon, Trisha Greenhalgh, Marcia Rigby, Geoff Wong, Will Coppola, Moira Sarsfield

BMJ Publishing Group, personal rate £75 per CD (+ VAT), institutional rate £100 per CD (+ VAT)

2 CD Roms in the APOLLO (Advancing Professional Practice Through Online Learning Opportunities) series

Further details, including free sample, at http://www.apollobmj.com/

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Synthesis between art and science is much needed in medicine. The successful use of the CD Rom—a high tech medium—to present the medical humanities is symbolic of that synthesis. The authors are to be congratulated on a major achievement. This course offers the potential for significant …

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PURPOSE: To enable even an unskilled user to detect pregnancy easily and reliably, by utilizing a sandwich reaction of a combination of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and a biospecific hCG reagent. CONSTITUTION: Nitrocellulose membrane 1 stores immobilized hCG in a first region 1A, anti-hCG monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antibody in a second region, and inactive protein, i.e., serum albumin of cattle, in a third region. The above-mentioned filter is put into a plastic outer cylinder to constitute a stick, and a hydrophilic material 2 to secure capillary flow of urine is laid thereon, and, next, a region 3 for a material which adsorbed pH is set on the upper layer. Next, a porous inactive element 5 to block the upper part of the device is arranged and, at last, a vessel 6 storing a colored bio-specific reagent to be adsorbed by a cellulosic material 7 is fit on the above-mentioned outer cylinder. Thereby operations come to be necessary are only dipping of the device until discoloring of the region 3 occurs to show that the vessel is full of urine and observation of the nitrocellulose membrane after the stick is removed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Death was introduced to me suddenly, without forewarning and without any preparation, at the age of ten. I was riding home on my bike on a warm summer evening. A crowd had gathered. and I stopped to see what had happened. There, laying in the street, was a little girl's tennis shoe, next to a tiny pool of blood. I don't know how I knew it was blood, but I did. She had been hit by a car and killed. Vague thoughts and feelings stirred within me as if I were in a dream, and I wondered how she might have looked: the color of her hair, her dress, her face, the expression in her eyes. I tried to imagine her voice, but all I heard was silence. The image stayed with me for years.


During the same MR imaging scan that revealed these findings, we also performed 3D-ASL (3D fast spin-echo acquisition with spiral readout, pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL); repetition time/effective echo time, 4590/10.5 ms; field of view, 240 × 240 mm2; labeling time, 1450 ms; post-labeling delay, 1525 ms; slice thickness, 4.0 mm; number of slices, 32; and number of excitations, 2) using a 3-Tesla MR imaging (3-TMRI) system (Discovery MR750, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with an eight-channel phased array coil. The two mass lesions showed increased blood flow on 3D-ASL. In addition to these lesions, the 3D-ASL clearly demonstrated a region of increased blood flow in the left retina (Fig. 1A), which was barely identified on Gd-T1WI (Fig. 1B). Six months later, the two lesions in the right cerebellar hemisphere and medulla oblongata showed no enlargement on MR imaging. The masses may have been hemangioblastomas, although histopathological examination was not performed for confirmation. Fundoscopy revealed that the lesion in the left retina was a hemangioblastoma (Fig. 1C). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the value of 3D-ASL in detecting retinal hemangioblastomas. ASL using 2D-echo planar imaging may result in image distortion, due to air in the paranasal sinuses, and therefore, cannot be used for the detection of masses in the orbital region.3 In this case, we used pCASL with 3D fast spin-echo imaging with spiral readout to cover the entire head and decrease distortion, in addition to the high magnetic field at 3T for a higher signal-tonoise ratio than that at 1.5T. We believe that 3D-ASL at 3-TMRI may allow the detection of retinal hemangioblastomas. The conventional Gd-T1WI allowed limited detection of retinal hemangioblastomas, while 3D-ASL clearly demonstrated the lesion, which indicated increased blood flow. These findings suggest that 3D-ASL can aid in the CLINICAL IMAGE


This paper presents a new solution of long-distance power supply with heavy load.It also makes a comparative study of some indicators,such as the terminal voltage,line wastage and the power supply profit,in the present system and the system with the new solution.Then the paper analyses the problems that may arise in the realization of this solution and gives the corresponding solutions,including the overvoltage protection,the way of wiring and relay protection of the booster.Finally,the conclusion has been reached that the solution is scientific and rational.


At present, in view of the status that the common DC power supply output voltage is fixed single, non-adjustable and practicality poor, this paper introduces a kind of numerical control power system that has many source output by using switch power supply circuit technology. The output voltage of the power based on single chip technology is numerical control adjustment. The major component of the power is voltage regulator circuit, input over-voltage protection circuit, output over-voltage protection circuit, DC/AC conversion circuit, filter circuit and full-bridge circuit. The power can offer a variety of different stable voltage output values and has display function. Through the PROTEUS software simulation and circuit testing, output effect of the power is good, practicability is great, and can be used as a variety of portable electrical universal power supply.


This contribution presents the study of species-group of Plumarius Philippi 1873, as the result of a survey of the morphological variation in males. The group is characterized by the large ocelli and transverse head. It consists of the following three new species: P. culminatus Diez, Fidalgo & Roig-Alsina, sp. nov., P. ocellatus Diez, Fidalgo & Roig-Alsina, sp. nov., and P. stangei Diez, Fidalgo & Roig-Alsina, sp. nov. A characterization of the group, descriptions, and illustrations are provided.


Abstract Perioperative bleeding following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with increased blood product usage. Although aprotonin is effective in reducing perioperative blood loss, excessive cost prohibits routine utilization. Epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TA) are inexpensive antifibrinolytic agents, which, when give prophylactically, may reduce blood loss. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of TA and EACA in reducing perioperative blood loss. Methods: The study population consisted of first‐time CABG patients. Patients were allocated in a prospective double‐blind fashion: (1) group EACA (loading dose 150 mg/kg, continuous infusion 10 mg/kg per hour for 6 hours, N = 20); (2) group TA (loading dose 15 mg/kg, continuous infusion 1 mg/kg per hour for 6 hours, N = 20); (3) control group (infusion of normal saline for 6 hours, N = 19). Results: Treatment groups were similar preoperatively. No significant difference in intraoperative blood loss or perioperative use of blood products was noted. D‐dimer concentration was elevated in the control group compared to the EACA and TA groups (p < 0.05). Group TA had less postoperative blood loss than the EACA and control groups at 6 and 12 hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). TA had reduced total blood loss (600 ± 49 mL) postoperatively compared to EACA (961 ± 148 mL) and control (1060 ± 127mL, p < 0.05). Conclusion: TA and EACA effectively inhibited fibrinolytic activity intraoperatively and throughout the first 24 hours postoperatively. TA was more effective in reducing blood loss postoperatively following CABG. This suggests that TA may be beneficial as an effective and inexpensive antifibrinolytic in first‐time CABG patients.


Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent causes of abnormal secre-tion in women at fertility age. Also, Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common dis-eases in women who refer to gynecology clinic. The main cause of the pathogenesis is increasing pH of vagina due to reduced number of lactobacillus and growth of anaerobic bacteria. Prevalence of BV varies between 10 to 30 percent in different societies. Amsel criteria is used as diagnostic test in BV. This interventional study was designed to assess the impact of vaginal lactobacillus suppository and metronidazole compared to metronidazole alone on the recovery and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial which was conducted on 130 women with bacterial vaginosis to compare the effects of vaginal lactobacillus suppository and metronidazole. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed using Amsel criteria that based on some clinical symptoms. Patients were divided into two groups, first group were treated with oral metronidazole plus lactobacillus and second group were treated with metronidazole alone. Patients were followed-up one week and four weeks after initiation of the treatment. Results: One hundred and thirty women completed the study. Patients were followed at one and four weeks after initiation of intervention. Amsel criteria and recovery rate in both groups compared before treatment one and four weeks after treatment. The criteria and treatment were significantly improved, but this improvement was higher and statis-tically significant in the metronidazole plus Lactobacillus group compared to second group (P< 0.0001). Conclusion: The protective effects of lactobacillus in dealing with anaerobic pathogens as well as the negative impact of metronidazole on lactobacillus of vaginal flora, use of lactobacillus along with metronidazole especially in patients with recurrent infections is recommended. In other words, using lactobacillus with metronidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis is more effective than metronidazole alone. Abstract .t e be


Neither the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic nor the steel plate strengthening concrete components shows sufficiency in improving the structures' seismic behaviors independently,while they complement each other by the way of composite strengthening.Six reinforced concrete beams,five of which are strengthened,were comparatively and experimentally tested under low frequency cyclic load to investigate their mechanical performances such as characteristic of resilience,hysteretic curve,seismic behaviors,skeleton curve,degeneration of rigidity and loading capacity.It is indicated that the way of composite strengthening can boost the beams′ ultimate bearing capacity,ductility and deformability capacity effectively,and it can delay rigidity degeneration and improve the seismic behaviors of the beams.Also,the CFRP and steel plate can work together very well.


ABSTRACT Background: A quality of life approach to managing communication and neurodegenerative conditions is increasingly encouraged by professional bodies and healthcare models. Clinical services for primary progressive aphasia (PPA) continue to expand and the research base continues to grow; however, there is little research specifically investigating quality of life in PPA. Aims: This critical review aimed to determine the available knowledge about quality of life in PPA and gaps in that knowledge, and to consider how PPA researchers might best address those gaps. Main contribution: Two unpublished single case series studies and one published case study were identified that directly investigated aspects of quality of life in PPA. These suggested that quality of life is heterogenous and determined by a range of factors, supporting a person-centred approach to care. The current literature also includes five accounts of living with PPA authored by individuals with PPA or their carers, discussing factors that influenced these individuals' quality of life. Seventeen empirical investigations of mood were identified, suggesting that approximately 40% of individuals with PPA develop depression at some point. Finally, several recent studies have noted the importance of promoting quality of life in PPA and/or have utilised quality of life outcome measures; however, most lack a clear conceptualisation of the construct of quality of life, and how this construct is related to the instruments and methods chosen to measure it. Conclusions: Literature on quality of life in PPA is beginning to emerge, although little is available in indexed databases. More research is needed that better conceptualises the construct of quality of life, critically appraises the way quality of life is assessed in PPA, builds on findings from the current small samples, and involves individuals with PPA in formulating research directions and research tools that will enable discussion about their quality of life.


Kings, Queens, and the Royal Court The power and importance of the King is a recurring theme throughout the book, and the particular ideology that evolved from and shaped the King's status will be discussed in a separate section (pp. 147–151). The King of kings was the sun around whom all else revolved. From his physical stature to his dress and presentation, all was carefully managed and controlled to highlight his august position. The King's robe and accoutrements marked him from others, mainly by a special type of crown, a tiara called in Greek the kidaris . Most of our descriptive evidence comes from Greek sources, though the archaeological record – especially the sculptures from Persepolis – is of course of critical importance. Quintus Curtius Rufus (3.3.17–19) describes the King's elaborate attire as including a purple tunic interwoven with white, a gold-embroidered cloak, and a gold belt from which he often wore a special dagger, called in Greek an akinakes . This dagger was one of Elamite-style, suggesting a carryover from the preceding period; remains of two scabbards have been found in Central Asia. Garb and accessories would differ, of course, depending on the occasion and whatever function (ceremonial, military, cultic) in which the King was engaged at that time. Some elements of the King's wardrobe were not unique to him, such as the akinakes (Figure 6.1), the wearing of which signaled royal favor. The King and members of the nobility also frequently wore false beards and are portrayed with such in the iconography, a tradition that was very old. The King's beard, though, was generally longer and more elaborate than others.


''Hona hona engiri nungi ekaburirwa'' means ''the good news was preached every where'' The song talks about Jesus' miracles such as healing of the blind and the deaf. It also talks about how Jesus went to different places preaching the gospel. It is performed during religious functions especially church services.


Review question / Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel combined with carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH) neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Chinese patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Condition being studied: Chinese patients who have been clinically diagnosed as HER-2 positive breast cancer, not complicated with basic diseases such as heart, liver and bone marrow, and who have received established surgery after chemotherapy and cooperated with follow-up. Eligibility criteria: Non-randomized controlled trials, animal experiments, literature review, non-docetaxel combined with carboplatin and trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in Chinese breast cancer patients, and other drugs used in the intervention group or control group.


This is a press release. The obesity gene, which helps maintain body weight and fertility, also plays a key role in controlling bone density, according to a report in the January 21 issue of Cell .


The variety and complexity of audio storage device s nowadays available in automotive systems turn selecting audio data int o a cumbersome task. How can users comfortably access particular audio data in a variety of media carriers containing large amounts of audio data while actual ly pursuing the driving task? Browsing logical and physical hierarchies can heavi ly increase driver distraction. This paper proposes a speech-based approach that si gnificantly facilitates accessing database items. It consists of two interaction conc epts: the concept for categorybased search requiring pre-selecting a category (e. g. artist, title, genre, etc.), and the concept for category-free search allowing the user to search globally across all categories. In both concepts search space comprises all media carriers. The user may directly address audio data items by saying the cor responding name. However, evidence was taken from address book data that user s do not perform well when it comes to remembering the exact name of an item. We therefore create additional wording variants to allow for fault-tolerant search . This is achieved by means of filterand recombination rules. Thus users, who do not remember an item correctly are still able to find it when speaking only parts thereof.


We measure the polarization of W bosons from top-quark ( t ) decays into final states with a charged lepton and jets, tt → W + bW − ¯ b → ℓνbq ¯ q ′ ¯ b , using the full Run II data set collected by the CDF II detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.7 fb − 1 . A model-independent method simultaneously determines the fraction of longitudinal ( f 0 ) and right-handed ( f + ) W bosons to yield f 0 = 0 . 726 ± 0 . 066 (stat) ± 0 . 067 (syst) and f + = − 0 . 045 ± 0 . 044 (stat) ± 0 . 058 (syst) with a correlation coefficient of –0.69. Additional results are presented under various standard model assumptions. No significant discrepancies with the standard model are observed.


BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a major problem with a high mortality rate, and emergency rooms are the first service point at which sepsis patients are treated. Blood presepsin levels are used as a tool to identify patients who may suffer from sepsis caused by bacterial infection, necessitating immediate antibiotic treatment.AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate presepsin levels in patients with bacterial and viral infections in the emergency department.
METHODS: This was a prospective study consisting of 88 patients over 18 years of age who visited the Srinagarind Hospital emergency room and fulfilled one or more criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Presepsin levels in the leftover blood specimens were tested.
RESULTS: In the bacterial infection group, 63.6% of the patients were male, and the mean age was 43.7 ± 10.5 years. Mean presepsin levels were 2904.73, pg/ml in the bacterial infection group and 204.88 pg/ml in the viral infection group.
CONCLUSION: Presepsin levels in the bacterial infection group were significantly higher than in the viral infection group, in which they were below the standard cutoff point.


This introductory editorial hopes to convey three points to its audience. First, it provides an overview of the new, peer-reviewed, open access journal Biochemistry Insights published by Libertas Academica. Second, it summarizes the benefits of open access publishing concepts to the biochemistry community. And third, it takes a brief look at the near future of biochemistry as a fundamental molecular science whose continued advances and latest developments will be the focus of the new journal. Biochemistry Insights looks forward to receiving research articles, review papers, commentaries and letters from all disciplines and specialties of the field.


The multi- mechanism model of disposing actively the configuration parameter for OSPF was presented at the base of the previous dynamic model.The module was embedded several mechanisms of disposing MIB including the multi- layer filter mechanism,the mechanism of asynchronous communication,the mechanism of the finite state machine,the mechanism of MIB interface and the mechanism of MIB reflection,utilizing fully the expansibility of the previous model.As a result,it improved the efficiency of disposing MIB,and it also enhanced the protocol's stability and reliability.


In November, 2012,CCP held the "18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China" in Beijing. Xi Jing Ping was then elected the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, and became the chairman of Central Military Committee. In the era of Hu Jintao, the frequent cross-strait interactions in economics, trade, culture, society, and education provided a sufficient condition for creating a peaceful development between the two sides. The so-called "discussion on the state of cross-strait political relations have not been reunified under special circumstances" appeared for the first time in the official report of level party congress, showing not only CCP's confidence, but also the fact that it was not satisfied with the model of "no politics, only economy", and has for many times expressed the needs of a cross-strait political dialogue. Chinese Communist Party's Taiwan policy is both consistent and continuous; however, it is also changing in some way. With regard to the continuity and consistency, economic and trade cooperation is still the highlight of the cross-strait negotiations. On the other hand, CCP also realized the importance at the spiritual level, and thus increased the educational and cultural exchanges between the two sides. Moreover, CCP also paid attention to the orientation of the people in Taiwan—including the central and southern Taiwan, small and medium-sized enterprises, low-income households, and young students, which further stimulated the strategy of "going south, going down". As for the policy changes, CCP has made an appeal for a cross-strait political dialogue, and hopes to sign a cultural agreement, making cross-strait culture exchanges become closer and institutionalized. Regional economic integration is a new trend, which also ties to the existence of Taiwan. This will be a new challenge for the cross-strait relations in that while CCP needs approval from people in Taiwan, they cannot give up adhering to its own principles.


Two new triterpene acids were isolated from the plant Cornulaca monacantha DEL. The first acid was assigned the structure 3β, 6α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid I and was given the trivial name manevalic acid. The other compound was assigned the structure 3β, 6α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27, 28-dioic acid II and named azizic acid. These assignments were based on spectral and chemical studies. The chemical correlation between manevalic acid and the known triterpene astilbic acid, 3β, 6β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, was established through oxidation of their methyl esters to methyl 3, 6-dioxoolean-12-en-27-oate IC.


Objective
To explore the diagnostic significance of detecting antinuclear antibody (ANA)series and complement for patients with lupus nephritis (LN) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods
ANA was detected by indirect immunity fluorescent method. ANA series were detected by EUROIMMUN blotting.Complements (C3 and C4) of 1699 SLE patients and 120 healthy controls were detected by nephelometry.

Results
Among 1699 SLE patients, the positive rate of ANA was 97.4% in 921 patients with LN, while the positive rate of ANA was 98.2% in 778 patients without nephritis.There was significant difference between patients and controls (r=0.983, P=0.001). In patients with LN, the positive rate of anti-histone, -nucleosome and –dsDNA antibodies (3-pos) was 49.3%, 59.8%, and 63.3%, respectively.The positive rate of the corresponding antibodies in patients with on nephritis was 21.5%, 35%, and 47.9%, respectively. The difference between patients with and without nephritis was significant (r=0.452, P=0.007). The positive rate of anti-mitochondria-2 and anti-centromere was statistically difference between the two groups of patients (r=0.291, P=0.015). The C3 and C4 levels of 3-pos LN patients were significantly lower than that of non 3-pos patients (r=0.583, P=0.009).

Conclusion
Combined detection of ANA series and complement C3 and C4 is important for the clinical diagnosis of SLE with LN, and it may provide information for evaluating the prognosis of SLE patients.

Key words:
Systemie lupus erythematosus; Lupus nephritis; Antinuclear antibody series; C3; C4


Epitaxial adlayers of fullerenes (C60 and C60/C70) on Au(111) surfaces were prepared by the simple transfer of Langmuir films at air-water interface. The structure of the adlayers are essentially same as those prepared by sublimation. The adlayers are stable and reveal no reaction in the whole double layer potential region in 0.1 M perchloric acid.


This paper provides a cost-benefit evaluation of the foreign-student visa program. Although this program has grown substantially in recent years, there has been very little systematic study of whether the United States gains from this program. My evaluation concludes that although there are benefits from the program, there is also a substantial taxpayer subsidy to foreign students.


Abstract
 A search for systematic reviews about intravenous immunoglobulins. The first part search for intravenous immunoglobulins as MeSH and keywords, the second part combine Immunoblobulins (Mesh and keywords) with (AND) Intravenous (Mesh and keywords). The third part is a list of immunoglobulins. The three parts are combined with OR then an SR filter is applied. A more sensitive filter for SR, meta anlyses and HTA is also applied. The export is done on latest filter.


Immanuel Kant wrote a treatise called Perpetual Peace in 1795 where he formulated basic prohibitory laws. He thought and the practice of the past two centuries showed that compliance with these laws was the main condition for saving peace on the planet. No state should violently interfere with affairs and governance of the other state; No state either it is big or small, it doesn't matter, can be conquered by the other state; No state being in a state of war with the other state can allow such actions that render impossible mutual trust after making peace; Government should take care of cutting military expenses and armament. Regular army (miles perpetuus) in due course should be eliminated; True peace settlement shouldn't contain seeds of future war. The author analyzes the hegemonic policy of superpowers of the 20th and 21st century in the context of the given Kant's principles. He pays special attention to the Project of the new American century and new global moral of the United States that, in author's opinion, repeats the worst mistakes of the Soviet Union.


The focus of this study was on managers' perceptions of the impact of Flexible Working Practices (FWP) in the healthcare setting and their role in its management. In the literature the benefits of FWP to the establishment and the individual were clear but the need to ensure that arrangements are applied equitably across the organisation has been expressed. It also demonstrated that new forms of FWP impact on staff availability to meet with today's increased demands for health service efficiency. This creates a difficult and challenging working environment for the physiotherapy manager. A qualitative research method was used in this study allowing a deeper exploration of managers' perceptions of FWP. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured schedule interviews with a sample of frontline managers employed within the HSE northwestern region. Analysis of quantitative data was undertaken using SPSS computer technology. Framework analysis was employed to interpret qualitative data and provide a meaningful format of evidence to answer the initial research questions. Following analysis, it was evident that managers' experience varied on customer service impact and they outlined some positive outcomes as a result of FWP. Findings on FWP benefits, impact, processes and management competencies for meeting implications in a health service context are also outlined.


In this paper,the contact reaction between Aluminum and Copper and its liquid phase behavior were studied by means of experiment simulation and analysis based on the theory of surface and grain boundary diffusion in metallurgy.The results showed that the behaviors of Al/Cu eutectic liquid included reactive spreading on the surface of the base metal that forms a fillet in the clearance of the joint,and penetrating through grain boundary of base metal that makes sure the firm bonding of the joint.In order to gain the proper brazing parameters,the influence of conditions on the spread behavior of eutectic liquid in contact reaction process was also investigated,and the process parameters,i.e.temperature 570~580 ℃ and holding time 15min,for the reaction between Al and Cu were put forward.Based on the above investigating results,the sound contact reactive brazed joint of Al was produced by using Cu foil as an interlayer.


The mobile agent is the outcome of the Distributed Computing mode and agent. .net Framework CLR made exploitation the mobile agent possible and let the mobile agent used widely. The migration principle of the agent is first introduced,and realiza-tion of the migration mechanism of mobile agent on.net platform is then studied


We show that oxy-fluoride glass ceramics, with typical composition, 32(SiO2):9(AlO1.5):31.5(CdF2):18.5(PbF2):5.5(ZnF2): 3.5(ErF3) mol % have potential applications in telecommunications. Upon heat treatment, Er3+ nucleates the growth of the nanocrystalline β-PbF2, which acts as its host. Heat treatment at 440 °C for 5 h and at 390 °C for 3 h gave rise to ∼12 and ∼2.5 nm diameter crystals, respectively. The emission band of Er3+ in the 1.54 μm telecommunications window (4I13/2→4I15/2 transition, at the half-height width) was 75 nm in the former and 90 nm in the latter case, while 4I13/2↔4I15/2 absorption and emission bands became wavelength divergent in both cases. Also in the latter case, the spectrum was flat from 1.53 to 1.56 μm. The evolution of spectral behavior is explained by changes in average site geometry of the Er3+ dopant, related to the α→β phase transition of PbF2, which is stimulated by heat treatment.