Falls are one of the most critical patient safety incidents. This must be prevented as it will have the side effect of injury. Patient safety incident prevention is a system that makes patient care safer, minimizes risk, and prevents injury. However, the system has not been fully implemented so patient safety incidents still often occur and the incidence of patient falls is still high. The purpose of this study was to identify the application of patient safety by nurses in preventing the risk of falling in the hospital. This study uses a literature review method from Pubmed and Google Scholar sources. Search using advanced search with predefined keywords. The search results obtained 13,373 articles, then were assessed for feasibility, categorized, and adapted to the research theme. 20 selected articles were used for research. Nurses are responsible for providing safe nursing services. Patient identification, effective communication, monitoring of medication administration, and assessment of falls should be performed. The implementation of the professional organization model makes it easier for nurses to prevent falls with the Morse Fall Scale guide and the Auto-FallRAS system from EMR. Nurses are more critical, reflective, and caring in making decisions and solving the problems of falling patients. Safety culture must be continuously improved so that the risk of falling incidents can be minimized. Conclusion: Nurse implementation in preventing the risk of falls in hospitals can reduce the incidence. This can also improve the quality of service in hospitals.


Diabetes mellitus is classified into two categories, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D or IDDM; Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) is characterized by a loss of insulin secretion due to pancreatic β-cell degeneration, leading to autoimmune attack. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D or NIDDM; Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) is metabolic disorder that is caused by insufficient insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance in peripheral and liver tissues. It is known that 90-95% of diabetes is diagnosed as T2D [2]. Development of T2D is usually caused by several factors, which are combined with lifestyle, genetic defects, virus infection, and drugs [3, 4]. Sustained hyperglycemia causes severe diabetic microvascular complications, such as retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and nephropathy. In the diabetic states, multiple mechanisms have been implicated in glucosemediated vascular damage and contribute to diabetic microvascular complications. In addition, postprandial state is also an important factor in the development of macroangiopathy. In diabetes, the postprandial phase is characterized by an exaggerated rise in blood glucose levels. It has recently been shown that postprandial hyperglycemia is relevant to onset of cardiovascular complications. From this evidence, treatment of diabetes has become a part of the strategies for the prevention of diabetic vascular complications.


The study investigated the role of personality difference, coping strategy and stress symptomatology among pregnant women in Enugu metropolis. Two hundred and twenty pregnant women were selected from two hospitals in Enugu Metropolis. One hundred and ten participants were selected from each of these hospitals. Three instruments were used to collect data for the study namely: the brief cope scale, type A behavior scale and psychophysiological symptom checklist. It was a survey design study and Hierarchical multiple linear regressions with variance were used to analyze the data. The results of this study shows that coping strategy and personality difference was not significant predictor of stress symptoms among pregnant women respectively and there was a significant difference among participants on the basis of stage of pregnancy, women in their first trimester of pregnancy experienced higher stress than women in their mid/third trimester of pregnancy. The study concludes that pregnant women should use both emotion focused strategy and problem focused strategy, psychological measures like relaxation and stress relieving exercise for more effective coping in pregnancy. It is recommended that mental health care workers/Midwives should also sensitize pregnant women on some of the symptoms to expect at each stage of pregnancy as well as sensitize family members that pregnant women should help especially in attending to most domestic work at home.


Eija-Liisa Ahtila is one of the internationally most recognized visual artists in Finland. When Ahtila started her career back in the 1980s, video art was a relevant term, distinguishing fine art from film. Nowadays, the term video art seems outdated, but one thing remains: the ambitions to create powerful cinematic experiences. This article features a discussion on moving image installations, eco-cinema and post-humanism.


Although Claire Mariner has been a practice manager for less than two years, she recognises that her experiences have helped her identify how to be a supportive and understanding member of the team.


A series of N-alkylated analogues of 1-deoxynojirimycin containing a fluorescent 10-chloro-9-anthracene group in the N-alkyl substituent were prepared. The anthracene group acted as a reporting group for protonation at the nitrogen in the iminosugar because an unprotonated amine was found to quench fluorescence by photoinduced electron transfer. The new compounds were found to inhibit bglucosidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and a-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger, with Ki values in the low microto nanomolar range. Fluorescence and inhibition versus pH studies of the bglucosidase–iminosugar complexes revealed that the amino group in the inhibitor is unprotonated when bound, while one of the active site carboxylates is protonated.


ABSTRACT As interest in engaged communication scholarship grows, so does the need for concrete examples of how such research is done. In this essay, we articulate an example of the how by presenting the work of the Purdue Peace Project, a locally led peacebuilding initiative based at Purdue University. We do so by (a) explicating the communicative choices in our approach to engaged scholarship and (b) relating these choices to the impacts that our approach has had on preventing political violence related to a chieftaincy dispute in Keperman (pseudonym), Ghana. Based on qualitative data from multiple time points, we unpack our communicative choices, relate these choices to the realization of engagement goals and setbacks, and reveal multi-level, interdependent, and communicative indicators of impacts. We present what we term the relationally attentive approach to engaged communication scholarship and discuss implications and recommendations for those doing engaged scholarship.


The "Growth Diagnostics" methodology  laid out  in Hausmann, Rodrik and Velasco  (2005) provides an approach  for policymakers  to  identify  the most binding  constraints  to  economic  growth.    This paper examines  the  use  of  this methodology  by  policymakers  in Moldova  in  the  context  of  the  country's engagement with  the Millennium  Challenge  Corporation,  a US  government  agency  providing  foreign assistance aimed at promoting economic growth.  This is the first donor engagement with a developing country of which we are aware in which a country‐led growth diagnostic exercise directly informed the development  of  a  donor  aid  package.   Our  paper  identifies  features  of  the  process  that  shaped  the usefulness of the analysis.  We then revisit the analysis conducted by Bozu, Caragia and Gotisan (2007), using updated data from the past several years to determine that these factors continue to limit growth. In addition  to  the nation's deteriorating roads  infrastructure and problematic  legal and administrative environment for firms  identified by Bozu, et al, we also find that the costs of finance are substantially higher than  in other countries  in the region and are driven  in  large part by high deposit  interest rates. Finally, we highlight several puzzles based on the most commonly used data.  In particular, we note that cross‐country  comparisons on observed prices,  surveys of enterprise managers, and  ratings by  sector experts and business leaders yield significantly different results for both higher and lower level nodes in the growth diagnostic methodology.


Purified mouse serum amyloid P‐component (SAP; 0.5‐50 µg/kg), injected intravenously into Swiss mice, induced the production of serum colony‐stimulating factors (CSFs); the maximum induction was observed at 10.0 µg/kg. Further, in vitro purified mouse SAP (0.1‐50 µg/ml) stimulated the mouse elicited peritoneal macrophages to elaborate CSFs in the conditioned medium (CM); 5.0 µg/ml SAP appeared to be the optimum. Both in vivo and in vitro the maximum production of CSFs occurred 6 h after initiation of stimulation, and returned to the background levels by 48 h. Mannose 6‐P, mannose 1‐P and mannose, and not other sugars inhibited the SAP‐induced production of CSFs by macrophages which suggests that SAP interaction with macrophages was mediated by specific glycoprotein‐receptors. A neutralizing (100%) concentration of rabbit antimouse interleukin (IL)‐1 polyclonal antibody had no effect on the SAP‐induced CSF production, indicating that it would be IL‐1‐independent. SAP‐induced CSFs, both in serum and CM, were functionally similar as they supported the formation of granulocyte (G), macrophage (M) and GM colonies in similar proportions. The production of CSFs appeared to be lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐independent as it was not inhibited by polymyxin B sulfate (25.0 µg/ml), and heat‐inactivated (80 °C, 1 h, pH 7.0) SAP did not induce the production of CSFs. The CSFs were produced de novo because cylcoheximide (50.0 µg/ml) completely inhibited their production. These results demonstrate that purified mouse SAP, in a dose‐dependent manner, can induce the production of serum CSFs in mice, and can induce LPS‐independent de novo production of CSFs by elicited macrophages in vitro.


Subsequent to David Truman's contention that interest groups constituted the basis for politics, the subject received much attention from political scientists.' The resulting proliferation of literature in the 1950's and 1960's focused on various aspects of group behavior and activity, but analysts were unable to classify groups in a systematic way. This inability to develop an adequate categorization has been a stumbling block to further interest group research. In this article a new typology of interest groups is set forth. The typology is a departure from previous categorizations because it classifies a group's utility (interests) within a particular policy area. When groups are observed in a policy context, it is argued, their interests are more easily understood and measured. Interest groups in a policy context are groups back in the arena in which they engage in politics.


The purpose of the paper is to identify business cycles due to exogenous shocks in a global economic growth model with endogenous social status, endogenous preferences, and wealth accumulation. The basic model by Zhang (2017) is built on the basis of the Solow model, the Uzawa two-sector model, the Oniki-Uzawa trade model, and some ideas in the literature of economic growth with endogenous growth. The paper introduces various time-dependent exogenous shocks to Zhang's model. We show the existence of business cycles with different exogenous periodic shocks. Our comparative dynamic analysis shows, for instance, how exogenous changes in the propensities lead to global business cycles and oscillations in global income and wealth distribution. The unique contribution is to identify real business cycles in the neoclassical growth model with endogenous preference built on microeconomic foundation.


Recently developed illite-age-analysis (IAA) approach has been applied to determine the multiple events for the Singal and Wangsukcheon faults in the Chugaryeong fault belt, Korea. Fault reactivated events during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene events(69.2±0.3 Ma and 27.2±0.5 Ma) for the Singal fault and of 75.4±0.8 Ma for the Wangsukcheon fault were determined by combined approach of the optimized illite-polytype quantification and the K-Ar age-dating of clay fractions separated from the fault clays. These absolute geochronological determinations of the multiple tectonic events recorded in the Chugaryeong fault belt are crucial to establish the tectonic evolution of the Korean Peninsula since Late Cretaceous.


Objective To investigate the coincidence rate of color Doppler ultrasound and X-ray mammography for mammary tumors and the causes of the differences,and thus provide the basis for the clinician to select the best means of checking.Methods Comparing the diagnostic coincidence rates of color Doppler ultrasound and X-ray mammography for pathologically confirmed 224 cases of breast tumors(31 cases of malignant,193 cases of benign),the 2 positive rates were analyzed.Results The diagnostic coincidence rate of Color Doppler ultrasound for malignant breast tumors was 83.9%(26/31) and the coincidence rate was 94.3%(182/193) for benign breast tumors.The diagnostic coincidence rate of X-ray mammography for malignant breast tumors was 90.3%(28/31) and the coincidence rate was 67.9%(131/193) for benign breast tumors.Conclusion The diagnostic coincidence rate of Color Doppler ultrasound for benign breast tumor is higher than X-ray mammography(P0.05).The two diagnostic coincidence rates for malignant breast cancer have no significant difference(P 0.05).Combination of both can improve the coincidence rate in the diagnosis of breast cancer.


White sorghum is utilized for food, beverage, fodder, and other industrial purposes. Spacing and fertilization are among problems for the development of sorghum plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction effect of planting space and phosphate fertilizer treatments on the development and production of white sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) varity of Samurai-2, and to determine the best results from those treatments as well. This research was performed at the experimental field of Al-Zaitun Islamic Boarding School located in Mekarjaya Village, Subdistrict of Gantar, Indramayu Regency, West Java. A factorial randomized block design was employed with planting space treatment of PS30 (70 cm × 30 cm), PS40 (70 cm × 40 cm), and PS50 (70 cm × 50 cm) and phosphate fertilizer treatment of PF50 (50 kg/ha), PF100 (100 kg/ha), and PF150 (150 kg/ha). Response parameters consisted of plant heigh, number of leaves, leaf area index (LAI), stem diameter, root volume, plant growth rate, and crop yield (weight of 1000 grains and yield per plot). Results of this study showed no interaction in all treatments, and the PS30 with crop spacing of 70 cm x 30 cm resulted the best yield on weight per plot of 5.08 kg/plot equivalent to 8.5 ton/ha. Keywords : Crop yield, Growth rate, Leaf area index, Plant height, Stem diameter


In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of a composite with SnO2 nanoparticles anchored on three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as an anode for Li ion batteries (LIBs). SnO2 nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on the surface of RGO sheets and the resulting RGO–SnO2 architecture had an interconnected hierarchical structure. This hierarchical RGO–SnO2 architecture exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance with a high reversible capacity of 810 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and a high rate capacity of 210 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. Moreover, this architecture achieves 99% capacity retention even after 150 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. The improved performance of the RGO–SnO2 architecture is attributed to the uniform dispersion of SnO2 nanoparticles and the 3D macroporous continuity, which afford a highly accessible area, easy ion accessibility, a short ion diffusion length, and rapid mass and charge transport. The composite described here is practically useful in the development of high-energy-density anode materials for LIBs.


This paper proposes a novel iterative remapping approach for area reduction while still respecting the timing constraints of the design specification. The use of complex gates can potentially reduce cell area, but they have to be chosen wisely to preserve timing constraints while remapping. Commercial tools for logic synthesis work better with simple cells and are not fully capable of taking advantage of complex cells; the strategy proposed herein is aimed to better exploit complex cells during technology mapping. The proposed iterative remapping approach can exploit a larger amount of logic gates, reducing global circuit area and respecting global timing constraints. Experiments show area improvement of 8% on average and up to 15% for a subset of combinational mapped circuits of IWLS 2005 benchmarks.


Historians have been slow to apply the principle of the unity of history in a truly synthetic historiography. The very process of investigation to determine the facts often causes the historian to see them only as isolated phenomena instead of in their actual relations. We are still prone to think naively of facts as existing externally and independent of the human mind, as being something apart from their meaning, or as having meaning apart from other facts. We still indulge in false distinctions between the alleged "solid facts" and the "mere theory," as if our so-called fact could possibly be separated from some theory or interpretation of it. In our very specialization on one phase of history, also, we become so engrossed with one group of facts that we frequently overlook its essential relation to other groups. The resulting impression produced on the reader is thus too often that of a history divided into closed compartments, entirely lacking in genetic connection between its political, economic, and cultural aspects. A real synthesis of all phases of life in any period, revealing clearly their mutual relations and reactions upon each other, is still comparatively rare. It is the purpose of this article to attempt such a synthetic picture of the political, economic, and social life in the little city-state of Megara, during the seventh and sixth centuries before Christ-its colonial activity, industrial and commercial development, interstate relations, internal politics, social strife, and the natural reaction of these upon one another.' The early history of Megara will also be presented as a typical example of the striking economic and political transitions that characterized the eastern Mediterranean world during the Greek Middle Ages. A synthetic study of conditions in one of the


English Court of Appeal allows M-Tech's appeal against Oracle* On 28 August 2010, the English Court of Appeal issued a judgment setting aside an order for summary judgment by the High Court of…


Introduction Significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is detected in nearly one-third of very-low-birth-weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units.1 Management of PDA in preterm neonates has been a conundrum ever since Powell, in 1963, reported the surgical closure of PDA in a preterm infant with respiratory distress syndrome.2 Even after continued research, the indications and the optimal timing of closure of PDA in preterm infants still remain unclear. There is an uncertainty regarding the treatments that have a positive effect on both short-term and long-term outcomes. Here is an update on the present-day evidence regarding these aspects of PDA.


SETTING: Ten primary health clinics in rural Thyolo District, Malawi. OBJECTIVE : Tuberculosis (TB) is a common initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We investigated the time from TB symptom onset to HIV diagnosis to describe TB health-seeking behaviour in adults newly diagnosed with HIV. DESIGN : We asked adults (⩾18 years) about the presence and duration of TB symptoms at the time of receiving a new HIV diagnosis. Associations with delayed health seeking (defined as >30 and >90 days from the onset of TB symptoms) were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS : TB symptoms were reported by 416 of 1265 participants (33%), of whom 36% (150/416) had been symptomatic for >30 days before HIV testing. Most participants (260/416, 63%) were below the poverty line (US$0.41 per household member per day). Patients who first sought care from informal providers had an increased odds of delay of >30 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.6, 95%CI 0.9–2.8) or 90 days (aOR 2.0, 95%CI 1.1–3.8). CONCLUSIONS : Delayed health seeking for TB-related symptoms was common. Poverty was ubiquitous, but had no clear relationship to diagnostic delay. HIV-positive individuals who first sought care from informal providers were more likely to experience diagnostic delays for TB symptoms.


Electric field induced deformations of chiral nematic liquid crystal layers were studied numerically. Uniformly lying helix structure of short pitch flexoelectric mixtures was considered. The electro-optic effect due to rotation of optical axis around the normal to the layer was simulated. The flexoelectric torque arising under the action of bias voltage and responsible for this rotation was calculated. It was found that the prevailing torque occurs in close vicinity of the boundary plates. Nonlinearity of superposition of splay and bend contributions to the total flexoelectric torque was found.


Probe Gap Model(PGM) is a lightweight and fast available bandwidth estimation method,but the algorithms based on PGM are lack of systematic and in-depth assessment.This paper analyzes the main factors effecting the accuracy of PGM's algorithms,proposes a new classification method of the end-to-end path available bandwidth,selects representative Spruce and IGI and evaluates the impact of the vital factors including cross traffic on the accuracy of algorithms systematically through theoretical derivation and simulation test.The research provides a reference to improve the design of algorithms and the accuracy of algorithms.


Background: Immunochemotherapy induction followed by rituximab maintenance is the standard of care in previously untreated symptomatic follicular lymphoma (FL). The phase 3 RELEVANCE study of chemotherapy-free combination immunotherapy with lenalidomide and rituximab (R 2) showed promising activity comparable to standard rituximab + chemotherapy (R-chemo) options (Morschhauser, F and Fowler, NH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2018). Reported here are the results of the second interim analysis.
 Methods: RELEVANCE is a global, randomized, phase 3 trial (NCT01650701) of R 2 vs R-chemo followed by rituximab in patients with previously untreated grade 1-3a FL requiring therapy according to GELF criteria. Lenalidomide dose was 20 mg/d, d2-22/28 for 6-12 cycles (c), continued in responders at 10 mg/d for a total of 18 c. Rituximab dose was 375 mg/m 2 weekly c1 and d1 c2-6 and continued in responders for 12 additional c (q8wk). R-chemo was given per investigator's choice of standard R + cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), R + bendamustine (R-B), or R-CVP, followed by 12 c of rituximab (q8wk). Co-primary endpoints were complete response (CR)/CR unconfirmed (CRu) at 120 wk and progression-free survival (PFS) by independent review committee (IRC) based on 1999 IWG criteria. The prespecified second interim analysis was done after 75% of total PFS events were reached.
 Results: 1030 patients with high tumor burden were randomized to R 2 (n = 513) and R-chemo (n = 517; 72% R-CHOP, 23% R-B, 5% R-CVP); baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. As of October 30, 2020, at median follow-up of 72 mo, 6-year PFS, according to IRC assessment using FDA censoring rules, was 60% for R 2 and 59% for R-chemo with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.03 (95% CI, 0.84-1.27). Data according to investigator assessment and EMA censoring rules are shown in the table. Median PFS was not reached for both groups. CR/CRu rates at 120 wk by IRC was 48% for R 2 and 53% for R-chemo (P = 0.10). Secondary endpoints, including overall survival, event free survival, and time to next antilymphoma treatment, were also similar in both groups. 162 (32%) R 2 and 166 (32%) R-chemo patients experienced progression/relapse according to investigator assessment of which 107 and 99 patients received additional treatment(s), respectively. Histological transformation was documented in 13/513 patients the R 2 group and 11/517 patients in the R-chemo group over the 72 mo follow-up period. ORR and overall survival after subsequent treatment(s) for relapse/progression were similar in both groups. The overall safety profile in both groups was consistent with the 1st interim analysis. The number of patients with second primary malignancies (SPMs) were similar between both groups, occurring in 57 (11%) R 2-treated and 67 (13%) R-chemo-treated safety population patients. The total number of SPMs was 64 in the R 2 group and 87 in the R-chemo group, with invasive SPM accounting for 43 (67%) and 52 (60%), respectively. Grade 5 adverse events were reported in 9 (2%) R 2 and 6 (1%) R-chemo treated patients.
 Conclusions: R 2 continues to demonstrate comparable efficacy vs R-chemo in patients with previously untreated grade 1-3a FL requiring therapy with similar 6-year PFS (60% and 59%) and 6-year OS (89% in both groups). Also, response and overall survival after subsequent treatment were similar in both groups. The overall safety profile of both groups was consistent with the previous analysis, with no new safety signals detected. R 2 provides a chemo-free alternative to R-chemo based on immunotherapy/immunomodulation.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Morschhauser: Chugai: Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZenenca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genmab: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Servier: Consultancy; Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria; Epizyme: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Nastoupil: Bayer: Honoraria; Denovo Pharma: Other: DSMC; Gilead/Kite: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Honoraria, Research Funding; MorphoSys: Honoraria; Caribou Biosciences: Research Funding; Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; IGM Biosciences: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: DSMC, Research Funding; Epizyme: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding. Feugier: Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Astrazeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Palomba: Wolters Kluwer: Patents & Royalties; Lygenesis: Honoraria; Pluto: Honoraria; Ceramedix: Honoraria; Priothera: Honoraria; Nektar: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy; Seres: Honoraria, Other: Stock, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Rheos: Honoraria; Magenta: Honoraria; Juno: Patents & Royalties; BeiGene: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy; WindMIL: Honoraria; Notch: Honoraria, Other: Stock; PCYC: Consultancy. Bachy: Kite, a Gilead Company: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Daiishi: Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy. Libby: Genentech: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding. Casasnovas: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Gilead Kite: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; MSD: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria. Flinn: Infinity Pharmaceuticals: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Curis: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Pfizer: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Loxo: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Agios: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Great Point Partners: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Yingli Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Nurix Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; ArQule: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Celgene: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Iksuda Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Seagen: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Forma Therapeutics: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Rhizen Pharmaceuticals: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Constellation Pharmaceuticals: Other: All research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Other: All consultancy and research funding payments made to Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Research Funding; IGM Biosciences


A recently developed algorithm to estimate surface ocean chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl in mg m − 3 ), namely, the ocean color index (OCI) algorithm, has been adopted by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to apply to all satellite ocean color sensors to produce global Chl maps. The algorithm is a hybrid between a band ‐ difference color index algorithm for low ‐ Chl waters and the traditional band ‐ ratio algorithms (OCx) for higher ‐ Chl waters. In this study, the OCI algorithm is revisited for its algorithm coef fi cients and for its algorithm transition between color index and OCx using a merged data set of high ‐ performance liquid chromatography and fl uorometric Chl. Results suggest that the new OCI algorithm (OCI2) leads to lower Chl estimates than the original OCI (OCI1) for Chl < 0.05 mg m − 3 , but smoother algorithm transition for Chl between 0.25 and 0.40 mg m − 3 . Evaluation using in situ data suggests that similar to OCI1, OCI2 has signi fi cantly improved image quality and cross ‐ sensor consistency between SeaWiFS, MODISA, and VIIRS over the OCx algorithms for oligotrophic oceans. Mean cross ‐ sensor difference in monthly Chl data products over global oligotrophic oceans reduced from ~10% for OCx to 1 – 2% for OCI2. More importantly, data statistics suggest that the current straylight masking scheme used to generate global Chl maps can be relaxed from 7 × 5 to 3 × 3 pixels without losing data quality in either Chl or spectral remote sensing re ectance (R rs ( sr −


This chapter examines the expansion of public relations during the 1980s and its elevation within the hierarchy of brand communication during the 1990s. This was a critical time during which the persuasion industries came to the forefront. The brands that enjoyed pre-eminence at the close of the twentieth century were those that could use all forms of brand communication to create one effective and coherent global package. To that end, public relations was to prove one of the most effective vehicles for telling a brand story. This combination of new delivery methods, more compelling output, and extended reach made it possible for the first time to run campaigns targeting new and discrete audiences. Most notable in this regard was a significant increase in activity targeting males and particularly young men aged 16–30. Conversely, as a result of the same media fragmentation, reaching the kind of mass audiences previously achievable became much more difficult.


Abstract Since 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted monitoring studies to determine the transport, fate, and effects of sewage sludge dumped at the 106-Mile Deepwater Municipal Sludge Dump Site (106-Mile Site). This paper describes EPA's 106-Mile Site monitoring activities and the results from six oceanographic surveys of the Site. Surveys have been conducted to track sewage sludge plumes and monitor dispersion and settling characteristics; study plume toxicity and contaminant levels; search for sludge and sludge constituents in surface waters in the area of the Site up 74 km (40 nautical miles) away; maintain a stationary real-time current meter near the Site; deploy and retrieve approximately 50 sediment traps and 17 current meters on 10 arrays from Hudson Canyon south to Delaware Canyon, at depths ranging from 1500 to 2800 m; and deploy satellite-tracked drifters. Results of studies completed to date have provided field data on the chemical and physical behaviour of sludge d...


MORE NURSES, registration for healthcare assistants and national standards for HCAs are needed to fill the gap in patient care in the NHS, a conference on the future of healthcare assistants was told last week.


In the post-9/11 world, the current US counterterrorism efforts in the Af-Pak region and the terror attacks on Indian cities have prompted India and the US to cooperate more closely on counterterrorism concerns. However, this counterterrorism cooperation is not commensurate with the comprehensive Indo-US strategic partnership. This apparent lack of cooperation plays out in their approach toward terrorism and bureaucratic impasse. India and the US need to make use of the trust and confidence that they have built in their bilateral relationship, readjust their perspectives on the threat of terrorism, understand each other's core national security interests that shape their respective anti-terrorism goals, and make counterterrorism an important module in their 'strategic partnership' to tackle terrorism at the domestic, regional and global levels.


ABSTRACT Teacher burnout is a mental state resulting from job strain that arises when teachers lack the adequate coping abilities to successfully handle the demands of the teaching profession. When compared to other professions, teachers exhibit high levels of exhaustion and cynicism, which are the core dimensions of burnout. Teacher self-efficacy is a well-established predictor of burnout, yet little research has investigated potential psychological predictors of self-efficacy. Reflective functioning is a psychological construct that reflects a cognitive ability to understand and analyze one's own and other peoples' behavior in the context of their mental states. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role that reflective functioning plays in predicting self-efficacy, and in turn, teacher burnout. Forty-six elementary school teachers in the United States participated in a cross-sectional, survey-based research study. Mediation analyses indicate an indirect effect between reflective functioning and teacher burnout, with teacher self-efficacy mediating this relationship. The findings from this study suggest teachers who are more reflective view themselves as more self-efficacious, which collectively prevents the gradual development of burnout. Future studies should further examine the relationships between these variables as it may have important implications for future teacher professional development initiatives.


Ourinitial attempt todevelop aswitching classifier usedvector quantization tocompress themulti-dimensional neural data recorded frommultiple cortical areas ofanowlmonkey, into adiscrete symbolforuseinasingle Hidden MarkovModel(HMM)orHMM chain. After classification, different neural data isdelegated tolocallinear predictors whenthemonkey's armismoving andwhen itisatrest. Thismultiple-model approach helped tovalidate the hypothesis that byswitching theneuronal firing data, theperformanceofthefinal linear prediction isimproved. Inthis paper, wetaketheideaofusing multiple models a step further andapply theconcept toouractual switching classifier. Thisnewstructure usesanensemble ofsingle neural-channel HMM chains toformanIndependently Coupled Hidden Markov Model(ICHMM). Consequently, this classifier takes advantage of theneural firing properties andallows fortheremoval ofVectorQuantization while jointly improving theclassification performanceandthesubsequent linear prediction ofthetrajectory.


The Epicurus ethics advocated that the human should seek and enjoy the world freely joyful and the happy life.He thought that joyful is in itself friendly,is the goal which the life pursues.Joyful is the happy life beginning and the home to return.This article attempts from the Epicurus ethics thought theory to originate aspects and so on way which and significance,the connotation,realizes launches the elaboration,seeks its ethics viewto be at candidly.


A pressure relief device for a metal container having a generally cylindrical side wall and being of the type adapted to contain fluids under pressure. The device includes a concave closure element circumferentially joined to one end of the container side wall. The closure element is deep drawn of tempered steel, with a generally convex tab member integrally formed in a central area thereof. The tab member is partially circumscribed by a weakened line of reduced material thickness, and the closure element has a structural integrity which reacts to an overpressurization of the fluid in the container by undergoing a partial eversion which initiates a fracture along the weakened line accompanied by an outward deflection of the tab member, thereby permitting the overpressurized fluid contents to escape through the fracture.


Theory of Language Transfer rose in 1950s.Research has shown that there is great distinction between Chinese and English and most Chinese students are affected in English writing by negative transfer of Chinese.Based on quantitative analysis,this thesis is to probe into sentence negative transfer of Chinese in English writing on junion students of English major from a technical college.Analysis of different groups shows the influence on different students from negative transfer of Chinese


OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are:
 To increase amount of aromatase inhibitor from Nicotiana tabacum
 To block sub-nicotine pathway in order to increase the amount of nicotine


: We address the application of phytopathogen filtrates to induce an immune response on plants that may protect them from disease. We exposed Arabidopsis thaliana plants to filtrates of necrotrophic and biotrophic phytopathogens, and evaluated whether these triggered an inmmune response correspondent to each pathogen's infection pathway. We show filtrates induce a systemic immune response on plants, but this was not specific to the infection type of phytopathogens. When facing a real infection, however, filtrates enhanced the immune response compared to control plants. Moreover, filtrates increased plant growth by acting either as fertilizers or chemical inducers. Our study demonstrates the biotechnological potential of phytopathogen filtrates.


The paper overviews a joint framework for validating and exploring complex embedded systems. The framework indeed combines AVATAR and SocLib. AVATAR is a Model Driven Engineering approach relying on SysML, and SoCLib is a virtual prototyping platform. The main contribution lies in the new possibility to map AVATAR SysML blocks onto hardware nodes, within a newly conceived Deployment Diagram, and then to transform the latter into SoCLib models. At the AVATAR level, diagrams can be formally verified and simulated in a functional way only, that is, without considering any underlying hardware execution environment. On the contrary, the SocLib models can be simulated taking into account hardware components in an explicit way with a cycle-accurate bit accurate approach. An automotive system is used to present the two abstraction levels, and their support by the TTool toolkit.


Fundamental parameters and lithium abundances, ALi, have been derived for a sample of evolved stars in the globular cluster 47 Tuc (from GIRAFFE spectra and MARCS models of atmosphere). These data sample a complete evolutionary sequence from subgiant stage to the tip of the Asymptotic Giant Branch. With this unique observational data set we have analyzed the evolution of ALi along the Red Giant Branch (RGB) using non-standard stellar evolution models, so as to explore the occurence and the efficiency of extra-mixing processes in low mass stars at the so-called Red Giant bump.


Fascioliasis is an infectious disease, caused by the fluke Fasciola hepatica, that mainly parasitises herbivorous animals. Man is an accidental host. Infection results from eating raw aquatic vegetables with encysted metacercariae. The authors report 6 cases of human hepatic fascioliasis, admitted in the University of Coimbra hospital, Medicine III Service, in the last 15 years. Of the six cases, 4 were males and 2 females, with a mean age of 57 years. The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain and the most frequent sign was jaundice. Complaints lasted, on average, 1.6 months. Four patients confirmed recent ingestion of raw watercress. All had eosinophilia and altered liver function tests. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan suggested neoplasia in 3 patients, which made the diagnosis more difficult. The diagnosis was made on a positive parasitological examination of stool specimens. All patients had chronic fascioliasis. Five were treated with praziquantel; in 4 it was ineffective and they had to be re-treated, 2 with bithionol and 2 with dihydroemetine. The most recently diagnosed patient was treated with a single


Twisted-wire pair (TWP) loops are used as one of the primary communication channels in digital subscriber line (DSL) networks. As part of the development of channel noise models, a transmission-line-based model for predicting the terminal response of a single TWP to an illuminating plane-wave electromagnetic field is presented. Closed-form analytic approximations of the terminal response valid for an arbitrary direction of incidence and polarization of the incoming plane-wave field are provided. A worst-case model with the very same purpose has been previously proposed in the DSL literature; however, a worst-case approach only provides partial information about the field coupling mechanism. The goal of the presented transmission-line model is to introduce a more robust yet efficient approach for characterizing radio noise interference in DSL systems. Computed results for two TWP configurations of interest are presented together with measured results for one of them.


This paper aims to analyse the extent to which factors more specific cognition, content associated with verbal, numerical or figurative, complement a reasoning general factor in predicting students´ academic achievement at the beginning and the end of adolescence. Taking a Portuguese students sample (n=4,899) from 5th to 12th grades, the reasoning tests battery (BPR – Bateria de Provas de Raciocinio) was administrated in its three versions. Academic achievement was estimated on base of students´ classifications at Portuguese Language and Mathematics. The structural equation modelling shows a more expressive impact of general factor (inductive and fluid factor) associated to all BPR tests in academic achievement prediction, even tough its importance decreases progressively when we advance on school grades. At same time, specific components in each test are present in a second model namely for the 5th and 6th grades. From 9th to 12th grades the specific contributes of tests are confined to the verbal reasoning test (numerical reasoning test appears in 9th grade too). So we can conclude for the importance of g factor to explain the academic performance, but specific cognitive components can also contribute to reinforce the relation between intelligence and school achievement. Key words: Intelligence, G factor, specific factors, Gf-Gc, academic achievement


From the pathologic standpoint perhaps the chief interest in the pancreas lies in its relationship to diabetes. The association of true diabetes with diseases of the pancreas is not an infrequent one and was noted by Cowley as early as 1788. It remained, however, for Minkowski and von Mering, 1 in 1889, to establish a definite anatomic basis for pancreatic diabetes. These investigators extirpated the whole of the pancreas from certain animals and succeeded in reproducing the typical manifestations of diabetes as observed in man, and their conclusions have been confirmed since by many others. In 1901 Opie 2 contributed a noteworthy contribution to the pathologic histology of diabetes, directing attention especially to changes in the islands of Langerhans. The structure and location of these islands, the rich supply of capillary vessels in them, the intimate relationship of the cells to the capillary network and the absence of


VLA observations to flux density levels below 2 mJy are presented for 69 optically discovered quasars. These results are combined with existing data to consider the radio properties of 228 optically discovered quasars. Nineteen have been detected as radio sources. The differential function Psi(R*), where R* is ratio of radio (5000 MHz) to optical (2500 A) flux density, appears flat for low radio-to-optical ratio. About 2% of all quasars in any bin of width ..delta.. log R*=0.4 are radio sources. About 12% of all quasars are radio sources at levels above log R*=0.8. There do not appear to be significant differences in absolute luminosity, apparent optical magnitude, or redshift for radio-strong, compared to radio-quiet, quasars.


The insulin receptor (IR) is a homo‐dimeric, disulfide‐linked, membrane‐spanning tyrosine kinase. IR displays negative cooperativity in insulin binding to its two pockets, suggesting "see‐sawing" between symmetry‐inverted conformations. The crystal structure of the dimeric IR ectodomain, IRΔβ [PDB code 2DTG (McKern et al., Nature 2006 443:218–221)], provides structural bases for this speculation. Unfortunately, neither binding pocket of the crystallographic IRΔβ structure allows steric accommodation of insulin. During almost 70‐ns of all‐atom, explicit‐water MD simulation (∼0.5 million atoms), IRΔβ undergoes significant asymmetric interdomain and intersubunit conformational fluctuations that do not alter its quaternary structure. Subtle variations in intersubunit buried surface area coincide with these conformational fluctuations, resulting in one easily‐accessible insulin binding pocket with the other blocked. We use a combination of Metropolis Monte‐Carlo and MD simulations to dock both T‐ and R‐state insulin into the open binding pocket. Both complexes remain stable during 30‐ns of MD simulation. In these complexes, "hexamer interface" residues on insulin directly contact the "site‐2" epitope on the first type‐III fibronectin domain (F1) of IR. Our results support the hypothesis that intersubunit flexibility of IR, governed by alternating modulation of buried intersubunit surface area, is the physical mechanism underlying a "see‐saw" model of negative cooperativity. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The research in monitoring the narrative image is based on the expansionist vision of rhetoric in its understanding of man and existence, as it is linked to the narrative imagination that helps it to extend and form expanded, which enters it into the field of spacious rhetoric, as it invests experience and literary expertise, taste, meditation, and life in the interpretation of the composition of literary images and its connotations, which is commensurate with the spaciousness The world and its ideas. The research was devoted to studying the stories of Mahmoud January, in acknowledgment of this pictorial diversity, which can extend according to the worlds of the imagined text (the world of production, the world of formation, and the world of reception). The research will be confined to shedding light on the world of production, represented by the implicit author on the diversity of its spectra, to monitor the direct relationship that links the text product to the image as it is one of the sources of its production within the literary work


In the past few years, volunteered geographic information (VGI) has emerged as a new resource for improving the management of emergencies. Despite the growing body of research dedicated to the use of VGI in crisis management, studies are still needed that systematically investigate the incorporation of VGI into practical emergency management. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a research design for investigating and planning the incorporation of VGI into work practices and decision-making of emergency agencies by means of simulation exercises. Furthermore, first lessons are drawn from a field study performed within a simulation exercise of an urban fire in Coimbra, Portugal, implemented together with local civil protection agents. Emergency management practitioners identified a high potential in the pictures taken in-situ by volunteers for improving situational awareness and supporting decision-making. They also pointed out to challenges associated to processing VGI and filtering high-value information in real-time.


We introduce the concept of matrix-valued effective resistance for undirected matrix-weighted graphs. These effective resistances are defined to be the square blocks that appear in the diagonal of the inverse of the matrix-weighted Dirichlet graph Laplacian matrix. However, they can also be obtained from a "generalized" electrical network that is constructed from the graph, and for which currents, voltages and resistances take matrix values. In a recent paper [3], we showed that effective resistances have a direct physical interpretation in several distributed control problems and can be used to characterize their stability and speed of convergence. In this paper, we establish several properties of effective resistances. In particular, (i) we show that the effective resistances are monotone with respect to an appropriately defined graph embedding relation; (ii) we determine laws that characterize how effective resistances scale with the distance between nodes for regular-degree large scale graphs; and (iii) we extend these laws for irregular large scale graphs that exhibit appropriate denseness properties.


Leptospirosis is a re‐emerging spirochetal zoonosis with a worldwide distribution affecting both animals and humans. The clinical syndromes may vary from a subclinical infection to a severe illness. Although it may potentially have a fulminant and fatal course, leptospirosis usually remains as an underdiagnosed cause of multiorgan failure. In this study, we report a patient with leptospirosis who presented with a fulminant course of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and hepatorenal failure. His clinical condition deteriorated, despite appropriate antibiotic therapy and haemodialysis. However, he showed prompt clinical improvement when corticosteroids and plasma exchange were instituted in addition to the original therapy. We conclude that leptospirosis should be considered in any case presenting with pulmonary haemorrhage and hepatorenal failure. Plasma exchange and corticosteroids may be a choice of treatment in selected patients unresponsive to conventional therapy. Potential benefits of plasma exchange and corticosteroids may be based on a toxin‐ and/or cytokine‐mediated pathogenesis of the disease.


In this paper, we propose a simple framework for evaluating the required repetition rate of channel estimation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in continuous slowly fading radio channels. An analytical formula for the interference due to the temporal variation of the channel coefficients is given and verified by link level simulations based on synthetic and measured impulse responses. The proposed interference model makes it possible to optimize the lengths of the training and data phases under different performance criteria. As an example, we investigate the bit-error rate performance of MIMO systems with zero-forcing detection and determine the time interval, after which the channel has to be estimated again in order to keep the error probability below a desired threshold. In the second part, the lengths of the training and data phases is optimized based on the information-theoretical capacity. It is shown that these lengths depend not only on the Doppler spread of the channel, but also on the antenna configuration and noise power.


The prevailing tendency in applied drama and theatre research and practice in African contexts has been for both critics and practitioners to apply the Freirian educational paradigm of 'codification' and 'decodification' in the interpretation of their work. Guarav Desai asserts that most of the theoretical premises of applied theatre workers in Africa take their origins from the Freirian educational pedagogy. It therefore follows that an understanding of Freire's codification theory is crucial for the appreciation of African theatrical practices. Although many applied theatre critics have followed Freire's pedagogy, it sounds rather paradoxical to critique a performance-based practice such as applied drama and theatre using criteria of a non-performative nature. What is needed is more performance-based paradigms that would make applied drama and theatre practice a truly creative enterprise. This article examines a few paradigms that have emerged in applied drama and theatre practice such as folk media, popular participation, integrated development and intercultural theatre. These paradigms are interrogated using illustrative examples drawn from the work of two theatre organisations that have made significant strides in HIV/AIDS education, namely Amakhosi Theatre Productions in Zimbabwe and DramAidE (Drama in AIDS Education) in South Africa.


The mortgage crisis that began last summer has morphed into severe stress on the entire financial system. Coupled with rising commodity prices and a consumer led recession, a special issue of The Journal of Fixed Income on credit risk is timely, especially since the commensurate increase in default experience has yet to materialize. The articles in this issue were selected from the proceedings of the 2008 Midwest Finance Association conference in San Antonio, Texas. Special thanks for the editorial collaboration from Ren-Raw Chen, Sanjiv Das and Jean Helwege. In the first article, Nikola Tarashev and Haibin Shu provide evidence on correlated default risk by comparing correlations in single-name CDS with index CDS and find a substantial time-varying correlation risk premium. Next, Michael Kunisch and Marliese Uhrig-Homburg model defaults in a portfolio as a function of relevant economic factors for determining correlations in default intensities. Both common risk factors and contagion effects drive the structure. Next, Frank Xiaoling Zhang examines the Argentine credit default swap market and finds a substantial default risk premium that varies with the probability of default and the business cycle. There is controversy in the literature on the shape of the credit curve by coupon and by quality. In the next article, Jing-zhi Huang and Xiongfei Zhang provide empirical evidence of an upward-sloping credit spread curve for investment grade and high yield bonds for both zero-coupon and coupon bonds. Bond portfolio managers are generally concerned about the adverse price effect of a downgrade below investment grade. Brent Ambrose, Nianyun Cai, and Jean Helwege examine insurance company bond sales to ascertain the extent of forced selling of fallen angels. They conclude that the overall magnitude of fallen angel sales relative to aggregate holdings does not support the notion of regulatory pressure for wholesale liquidation of these bonds. Finally, the complexity and misunderstood risk characteristics of Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) played an important role in the current credit crisis. Kridsda Nimmanunta, Anant Chiarawongse and Sunti Tirapat devise a framework for pricing CDOs with Meixner distributions. Compared to existing methods, their model provides more reasonable risk measures and lower pricing errors. We hope you enjoy this issue of The Journal of Fixed Income. Your continued support of the Journal is greatly appreciated.


Materials transform abruptly under compression, with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure. Advances in highpressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hundred gigapascal (GPa). Studies in the physical sciences are now expanding to include a vast previously uncharted pressure region in which transformative ideas and discoveries are becoming commonplace. Matter and Radiation under Extremes (MRE) is taking advantage of this opportunity to provide a forum for publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in highpressure science and technology on the basis of its interdisciplinary interest, importance, timeliness, and surprising conclusions. This MRE HP Special Volume gathers together a set of contemporary perspectives, highlights, reviews, and research articles in multiple disciplines of high-pressure physics, chemistry, materials, and geoscience that illustrate both current and forthcoming trends in this exciting research area. The year 2020 has turned out to be a bountiful one for highpressure physics, culminating in milestone achievements in a couple of century-old quests: room-temperature superconductivity and metallic hydrogen. These two phenomena are closely related to each other: the new families of superconductors with the highest critical temperature Tc can also be viewed as hydrogen alloys with minor impurities of key secondary elements. Theorists at Jilin University have searched the periodic table for the most appropriate secondary elements and have predicted the specific structures and Tc of the resulting materials at high pressures, leading the way for experimentalists to successfully discover some highest-Tc superconductors based on hydrogen-dominant compounds alloyed with sulfur and rare-earth elements. In thisHP Special Collection, Lv et al. contribute an insightful perspective on the guiding criteria for optimizing superconductivity: a large hydrogen-derived electronic density of states at the Fermi level and largemodifications of the electronic structure in response to vibrations of the hydrogen atoms. To satisfy both criteria and stabilize the hydrogen-dominant compounds requires pressures of several hundred GPa, with hydrogen approaching its atomic metallic state. Struzhkin et al. contribute a comprehensive review on high-pressure experimental determinations of electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptivity, crystal structure, and chemical composition for hydrides with Tc near room temperature. Chen 3 presents an expanded view of all high-Tc superconductors based on the general theme of phonon mode softening. This approach leads to the suggestion that ferroelectrics and other materials in the vicinity of structural instability might exhibit high-Tc superconductivity at pressures low enough for possible practical applications. Successful scientific investigations at high pressure rely on the availability of appropriate technology. The symbiotic development of diamond anvil cells (DACs) to create ultrahigh P–T environments and synchrotron X-ray techniques to probe materials in situ has enabled the exploration of many areas of high-pressure science. Beyond the current static compression frontier, pure hydrogen has been predicted to transform to ametal that has been postulated to be a wonder material as a high-Tc superconductor, a two-component (electron and proton) superfluid, a new state of matter, the most energetic material, the most efficient fusion fuel, and the main constituent of giant planets and other celestial bodies. Attempts to reach the necessary pressures and to demonstrate metallization have become a century-old quest by physicists and astrophysicists, and have provided a unique driving force for advancing the high-pressure experimental frontier. Gregoryanz et al. present a critical account of the various claims of discovery of metallic hydrogen that need to be substantiated and reproduced. The true significance of "metallic hydrogen" relies upon its postulated exotic behaviors, and these can only be confirmed by further advances in our current experimental capabilities. Ji et al. describe the technical advances that have been made in overcoming the seemingly insurmountable challenge of X-ray diffraction measurement of the extremely weak hydrogen signal when attempting to determine the crystal structures of hydrogen phases III and IV up to 254 GPa. Hirao et al. present an overview of the high-pressure facility at the BL10XU beamline of the SPring-8 synchrotron facility, which integratesmembrane-controlled


Objective To study the relationship between the content of serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and the state of illness in patients with cerebral infarction treated by the hyperbaric oxygen(HBO).Methods One hundreds and twenty four cases of patients with cerebral infarction were divided randomly into HBO treatment and general treatment group,the serum CRP was tested and the neurological impairment score was evaluated after the acute onset of patients and followed by ten days treatment by HBO.Results The serum CRP content of cerebral infarction patients was decreased significantly after the HBO treatment or general treatment;In accordance with the neurological impairment score,the total effective rate of HBO treatment and general treatment was 92.65% and 67.86%,respectively.Conclusions HBO may improve the neurological impairment of patients with cerebral infraction and reduce the content of serum CRP,and deserve further clinical application.


In biology, peptide ion detection from mass spectra is important for identifying proteins. Many methods have been proposed for detecting peptide ion peaks, some of which use wavelet transform. In these methods, however, the co-occurrence pattern of peptide ions and those isotopes is not directly considered. In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting peptide ion peaks from a mass spectrum by using a weighted auto-correlation. The weight functions derived from Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and the sine function are introduced to the proposed auto-correlations to effectively represent the peptide ion co-occurrence patterns. The multi-scaled auto-correlation features extracted with those weight functions are compressed by using principal component analysis. Experiments on raw mass spectra show that the proposed method achieves the favorable performances and is capable of automatically detecting peptide ion peaks.


A brief description of off-axis sputtering deposition techniques is given, followed by a short survey of other high-temperature superconductor (HTS) deposition techniques. Data on film properties are presented. Key microwave properties-the surface resistance (including the frequency dependence of the surface resistance), the critical current, and the superconducting penetration depth-are discussed and related to component performance. The effects of temperature are described in the context of the basic physics and their impact on applications. Predictions of the performance of superconducting components are used to estimate the impact of HTSs on radar systems. It is argued that the impact of HTS technology will be twofold: new components with improved performance and new system applications.<<ETX>>


With Fokker-Plank equation of pitch-angle diffusion,a numerical method for atmospheric diffusion loss of radiation belt trapped electrons is shown.Flux and energy spectrum are calculated as atmospheric scattering of fission β spectrum electrons injected in radiation belt by high altitude nuclear detonation.Diffusion due to atmospheric scattering is remarkable as L1.3.Low energy electrons are removed more rapidly than those with high energy.Electron flux decays rapidly at an initial phase and then decays gradually as an exponential function of time.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with high level autonomous navigation capabilities are a hot topic both in industry and academia due to their numerous applications. However, autonomous navigation algorithms are demanding from the computational standpoint, and it is very challenging to run them on-board of nano-scale UAVs (i.e., few centimeters of diameter) because of the limited capabilities of their MCU-based controllers. This work focuses on the object tracking capability, (i.e., target following capability) on such nano-UAVs. We present a lightweight hardware-software solution, bringing autonomous navigation on a commercial platform using only on-board computational resources. Furthermore, we evaluate a parallel ultra-low-power (PULP) platform that enables the execution of even more sophisticated algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the benefits of our solution, achieving accurate target following using an ARM Cortex M4 microcontroller consuming ≈ 130mW. Our evaluation on a PULP architecture shows the proposed solution running up-to 60 frame-per second in a power envelope of ≈ 30mW leaving more than 70% of the computational resources free for further on-board processing of more complex algorithms.


Objective To explore the effect of sleep-improvement of melatonin on mice. Methods The mice were randomly divided into four groups,including solvent control group,low-dose group,moderate-dose group and high-dose group.The mice were gavaged with the melatonin 41.7,83.3,and 250.0 mg/kg every day,respectively.30 days later sleep-induced directly test,prolonged mice sleep time test which induced by pentyl barbital sodium,barbital sodium threshold dosage hypnotization test and barbital sodium sleep incubation period test were conducted to detect the sleep indexes. Results The sleep time of the mice in middle-and high-dosage groups were prolonged significantly(P0.05,P0.01),the sleep rates of the mice were increased significantly(P0.05),but the sleep incubation periods of the mice were decreased significantly(P0.05,P0.01). Conclusion Melatonin can improve the sleep of the mice effectively.


A Research Dissertation Submitted to the College of Economics and Management in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for the Award of the Bachelor's Degree of Business Administration of Kampala International University


The prevention and control of pick-pocketing is a social system project. According to the basic principle of crime control-comprehensive control of public security, the control of pick-pocketing can be summarized as the following three aspects: moral control, social control and judicial control. This article expounds the control countermeasures of pick-pocketing from moral control aspect, social control aspect and judicial control aspect.


In this paper, we explain how to achieve deterministic execution of FMUs (Functional Mockup Units) under the FMI (Functional Mockup Interface) standard. In particular, we focus on co-simulation, where an FMU either contains its own internal simulation algorithm or serves as a gateway to a simulation tool. We give conditions on the design of FMUs and master algorithms (which orchestrate the execution of FMUs) to achieve deterministic co-simulation. We show that with the current version of the standard, these conditions demand capabilities from FMUs that are optional in the standard and rarely provided by an FMU in practice. When FMUs lacking these required capabilities are used to compose a model, many basic modeling capabilities become unachievable, including simple discrete-event


This study aimed to understand if the students' attitudes towards learning English show significant differences in terms of gender, language level, receiving English preparatory training, and the kind of high school they graduated from. The study was carried out in the descriptive survey model. The research group included 320 male (65.6 %) and 168 female (34.4 %) English preparatory students at Istanbul Technical University. The Attitudes towards English Scale was used as the data collection tool. Data were analysed using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. According to t-test and ANOVA results, it can be said the university students' attitudes towards learning English are not affected by gender, receiving preparatory training, language level and high school differentiation.


In this paper we firstly propose a general model to combat the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) caused by frequency selective channels in a Multi-InputMulti-Output (MIMO) system and/or by asynchronous cooperative transmissions. The general model is not only exemplified by the Asynchronous Cooperative Liner Dispersion Codes (ACLDC) scheme, but also by the Time-Reversed Space-Time Block Code (TR-STBC) scheme. In these schemes a guard interval of various lengths has to be inserted to help mitigate the effect of ISI. Consequently, this could impact the effective symbol rate for a small block-size. A larger block size however, could substantially increase the decoding complexity. We present a novel low-complexity breadth-adjustable tree-search algorithm in the proposed general model. We will discuss the difference between our algorithm and the Sphere Decoding (SD)-based algorithms. With simulation results, we will illustrate that our algorithm will achieve the optimal Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance with a complexity that is lower than the SD-based algorithms, whether the system employs the ACLDC scheme or the TR-STBC scheme.


Objective: To discuss the changing trend of the average expense in the public medical institutions before and after the new medical reform and provide a basis for controlling the unreasonable rise of medical expenses. Methods: The average expenses of outpatients and inpatients and their changing trend in the public medical institutions of Sichuan Province from 2007 to 2013 were statistically analyzed. Results: The average growth rates of the average expenses of outpatients and inpatients in the public medical institutions, the public hospitals or the community-level medical and health care institutions were 11.30%, 12.03% or 10.45% and 11.47%, 10.78% or 12.64%, respectively. Drug expense was the largest part of average expenses in all kinds of medical institutions. The constituent ratio of the examination and laboratory test expenses decreased while that of the technical services expenses rose after 2012. Conclusion: The measures, such as controlling the drug expenses, promoting the payment reform, improving the service capacity of the community-level medical and health care institutions and strengthening government supervision, should be taken to promote the benign development of the public medical institutions so as to effectively prevent medical expenses from rising too fast.


In order to realize scientific quantitative management of credit risk in the listed companies,we put forward a kind of credit risk assessment based on support vector machine(SVM).Considering the nonlinearity and high dimensionality of the financial data,we use isometric feature mapping(Isomap) to conduct feature extraction towards financial index to reduce data redundancy.In view of the selective blindness of SVM parameters,we use genetic algorithm(GA) to optimize the parameters.The empirical analysis on the basis of financial data of the listed companies in China shows that the SVM model of Isomap has a stronger credit risk assessment ability than the BP neural network and PCA-SVM model.Its small sample evaluation accuracy reaches 91%.


Diagnosis and Recommendations Integrated System (DRIS) norms for trees on dwarfing rootstocks were derived from a 7-year fertilization trial on a Blanford loam (coarse loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Fragiorthod) in southern Quebec. 'Morspur McIntosh' (Malus domestica Borkh.) scions budded on M.7, M.26, Ott.3, or M.9 dwarfing rootstocks received 12 fertilization regimes involving N-, P-, K-, Ca-, and Mg-based materials applied at three rates each. Top yielding trees on Ott.3 had lower Mg concentration in their leaves than those on other rootstocks. Year-to-year variation of DRIS norms led to yearly defined DRIS norms. Annual yields can be used instead of cumulative yields to generate DRIS norms, especially from the 6th year after planting. If tissue samples are collected at the appropriate sampling period, incorporating the dry matter index into the nutrient balance equation (M-DRIS) of orchard trees helps to separate limiting from nonlimiting nutrients and also integrates numerical information on nutrient concentrations and nutrient ratios. These concentrations and ratios are commonly diagnosed independently or concomitantly with the sufficiency range approach and with DRIS, respectively. M-DRIS may be particularly useful when available critical values are not fully satisfactory, as was the case in this investigation.


SBC will hold an open night in Stichill to discuss the development of a new play area in the Roxburghshire village


In order to realize the multifunctional control of the intelligent car,we designed the car using the embedded system, and transplanted the WindowsCE operating system to the ARM chips.The car included the main functional modules,such as operating rod controlling,remote controlling,voice controlling, ultrasonic intelligent obstacle avoidance,autonomous trajectory optimization and the smooth velocity control module.


The author describes basic principle of theftproof system of automotive audio system and its decoding method with detailed introduction to the decoding processes of seven representative vehicles while their audio systems are dead locked.


ABSTRACT Herein, we report the detection and removal/degradation of metal ions and dye species using nanotechnology-based approach. A Schiff base (Sb) ligand has been prepared by a solvent-less method; post which, the ligand is used for functionalizing zinc sulphide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) in the aqueous medium. The Sb–ZnS NPs proved to be a dual probe, viz., for the detection of Pb2+, Hg2+ and Fe3+ ions, and as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The experiments using the Sb–ZnS NP photocatalyst under daylight illumination revealed higher efficiency with 96% degradation of MB than that in the dark with only 66% degradation of the dye. Further, the degradation of the dye followed first-order rate kinetics with a higher rate constant for light-illuminated sample (16.3 × 10−4 min−1) than the one kept at dark (6.85 × 10−4 min−1). UV–Vis, PL, FT-IR, TEM and powder XRD analyses have been routinely used for the present investigation.


This research of background by lack of activity learn student at study of PKn in class of V SDN 12 Lubuk Alungcaused at the (time) of process study of teacher more tend to to use discourse method affecting at lowering of result learn student. Target of this research is to improve class student activity of V in study of PKn with discussion method in SDN 12 Lubuk Alung. this Type Research is research of class action. this Research Subjek is class student of V SDN 12 Lubuk Alung. Instrument Research the used is observation sheet activity of teacher, student activity observation sheet, and sheet of tes result of learning student. Pursuant to result of obtained by research is cycle of I and of II obtained by score mean percentage of student activity in cooperating 58,92% mounting 86,86%, in telling opinion 49,80% mounting 74,99%. From result of research can be concluded that study of PKn by using discussion method can improve result and activity learn class student of V SDN 12 Lubuk Alung. Pursuant to result of this research of researcher suggest that teacher can apply discussion method in study of PKn better. Keyword: Activity, Method Discussion, PKn


Purpose: Currently, the injury and fatality rate associated with falling has gradually caused the attention of the scientists all over the world. However, the study on the risk factors causing the falling of elderly in southwest China is few. Therefore, this study aimed to cover this shortage to provide references for clinical care. Methods: epidemiological study was conducted on 823 elderly residents in Chongqing. Structured questionnaire was adopted to know about the basic information, living status, tumbling history and disease history of the subjects and some assessment tools such as International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Simple Nutrition Assessment Questionnaire and Cognitive Function Questionnaire were also applied for study. Results: 1) in the last year, 15.7% of the over 65year-old elderly were falling in southwest China, which was obviously higher than that in western countries. 2) In terms of risk factors causing falling of the elderly, the top five risk factors were malnutrition, leg pain, drinking alcohol, poor eyesight and poor health status, the risk of falling of the elderly with such factors were 3.513, 3.266, 2.974, 1.912 and 1.905 times the risk of falling of those without such factors respectively. Conclusions: In the last year, there was a high proportion of the elderly in Southwest China who falling, mainly falling outdoors. The elderly with malnutrition, lower limbs pain, habit of drinking, poor eyesight and self-reported bad health status were at higher risk of falling.


hopA mutants, which have been suggested to be defective in mini-F plasmid partitioning (H. Niki, C. Ichinose, T. Ogura, H. Mori, M. Morita, M. Hasegawa, N. Kusukawa, and S. Hiraga, J. Bacteriol. 170:5272-5278, 1988), were found to carry mutations in the gyrB gene, coding for the B subunit of DNA gyrase. In gyrB(HopA) mutants, relaxation of the superhelicity of plasmids, increased IncG incompatibility, and increased SopB protein production were observed. It is suggested that altered expression of the sop genes, which is due to relaxation of the mini-F plasmid DNA, causes both defective partitioning of the mini-F plasmids and increased IncG incompatibility in gyrB(HopA) mutants.


Studies on the chemical composition of Monostroma latissimum indicated that, on a dry-weight basis, the content of carbohydrate is 20.54-38.63%, crude ash is 12.27-25.73%, crude fibre is 3.05-6.67%, crude fat is below 1% and crude protein is below 16.54%. The content of inorganic constituents showed SO4, 13.69-30.25%; Na, 0.52-6.9%; K, 0.39-2.25%; Mg, 0.42-4.58%; Ca, 0.17-2.21%; Fe, 0.09-0.54%; P, 0.29-1.02%; Zn, 30-126ppm; Cu, 2-30ppm; I, 200-692ppm. The content of ash and crude fibre decreased in February or March, but the crude protein increased in these two months. Therefore, the chemical composition changed with time of harvest. However, it is independent of the origin of harvest. Most of the inorganic constituents increased in February or March, the time for propagation of Monostroma. Some inorganic constituents showed a decrease in these two months. However, it varied with the origin of harvest and the trend was not very clear. Therefore, the inorganic constituents were not greatly affected by the seasonal changes.


Analysis and design of an optimum LO2/LH2, combustion topping cycle, 88,964 Newtons (20,000-pound) thrust, liquid rocket engine was conducted. The design selected is well suited to high-energy, upper-stage engine applications such as the Space Tug and embodies features directed toward optimization of vehicle performance. A configuration selection was conducted based on prior Air Force Contracts, and additional criteria for optimum stage performance. Following configuration selection, analyses and design of the major components and engine systems were conducted to sufficient depth to provide layout drawings suitable for subsequent detailing. In addition, engine packaging to a common interface and a retractable nozzle concept were defined. Alternative development plans and related costs were also established. The design embodies high-performance, low-weight, low NPSH requirements (saturated propellant inlet conditions at start), idle-mode operation, and autogenous pressurization. The design is the result of the significant past and current LO2/LH2 technology efforts of the NASA centers and the Air Force, as well as company-funded programs.


Abstract
 This chapter discusses the response to light and the control of flight (including hovering, landing and range measurement) of bees, focusing on honey bees. An experimental demonstration that bees detect angular velocity is also given.


Although relatively rare, the symptom complex of intermittent acral warmth, pain, and erythema that defines erythromelalgia (EM) has been well documented in the medical literature for over 150 years (Graves, 1838). Despite an extended awareness of this phenomenon, the cause and underlying mechanisms have until recently been completely obscure. Part of the difficulty in understanding EM has been the heterogeneity of the affected population. EM is often idiopathic or `primary,' but also has been reported to be associated with myleoproliferative and hemotologic disease, autonomicnervous system disease, pharmacologic agents, viral infections and pregnancy. It is not clear what common pathologic features in these settings produce the EM symptom complex. EM is also rare, with an estimated incidence of approximately 3 per million in the. Norwegian population (Kvernebo, 1998). Hence, there are few centers that follow a large enough population of patients to perform studies that are large enough to identify consistent physiologic features. Furthermore, as suggested by Mark et al in this issue of the JID, as well as by other authors, the underlying pathologic mechanisms are likely to involve a complex dysregulation of cutaneous blood flow that ultimately results in microvascular ischemia. Determining the nature of this dysfunction has also been challenging because the control of cutaneous blood flow is dependent on an interplay of systemic and local signals, and is not completely understood.


This paper comprises a complete revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus Amerila (Rhodogastria auct.), based on adult morphology. Examination of type material for most described taxa has resulted in numerous taxonomic changes. From a total of forty‐seven previously described African taxa, thirty‐five species including five newly described species and two new subspecies are recognized. For ten taxa, lectotypes have been selected, and for one species a neotype had to be designated. For each species, in addition to synonymy, a brief diagnosis based on external characters and genitalia is given, and the known distribution summarized. All species are illustrated by photographs and illustrations of male genitalia (except A.rufifemur, the male of which is unknown), and a key for determination of males by external characters is provided.


The relationship between a Lubrication Mode Diagram (LMD) for concentrated contacts (LCC's) and the IRG transition diagram has been studied. In addition, scuffing results, obtained by the IRG (International Research Group) have been analysed, as well as the results of scuffing tests performed by different workers using a two-disc apparatus.
It has been found that in Region I of the IRG transition diagram, three sub-regions can be distinguished, representing elastohydrodynamic lubrication, mixed lubrication, and boundary lubrication, respectively. Thus, the IRG transition diagram is not comparable to a lubrication mode diagram. Furthermore, it has been found that failure of LCC's by scuffing most frequently occurs under conditions of mixed lubrication. Therefore, scuffing criteria based upon the assumption that the load at failure is carried entirely by the micro-contacts are doubtful, and probably wrong.


Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and its partitioning into transpiration and evaporation is fundamental for improving water management practices in water-limited environments and under deficit irrigation conditions. This investigation was conducted to estimate the water balance and ET components of subsurface drip (SDI) irrigated Chardonnay wine grapes for two seasons (2010–2011 and 2011–2012) using a numerical model (HYDRUS-2D). Treatments involved the application of different volumes [51% (I1), 64% (I2), 77% (I3), and 92% (I4) of normal application] of water for irrigation. A modified version of the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach was used to generate daily transpiration and evaporation as inputs to the HYDRUS-2D model. The calibrated and validated model produced estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ETCact), actual transpiration (Tpact), and actual evaporation (Esact), and deep percolation under varied irrigation applications. The model-simulated values were then used to estimate actual crop coefficients (Kcact and Kcbact), and water productivity of wine grape under different deficit irrigation conditions. Seasonal ETCact simulated by HYDRUS-2D for different treatments varied between 239 and 382 mm. However, seasonal evaporation accounted for 44–59% of seasonal ETCact losses in different treatments. The modelled daily transpiration rate in I4 treatment (Tp4act) varied from 0.11–2.74 mm/day. Deep percolation accounted for 35–40% of the total water applied by rainfall and irrigation. The mean value of actual crop coefficient (Kcact) estimated by HYDRUS-2D simulated ETC act over the two seasons was 0.27, which matched with other investigations. Similarly, values of Kcbact for initial, mid and end stages were 0.13, 0.27 and 0.14, respectively. Monthly values of evaporation coefficient (Ke) ranged from 0.1 to 0.32, with a 3 mean value of 0.18. Water productivity with respect to ET losses (WPETC ) ranged from 5.9 to 6.2 kg/m of water use. However, water productivity for transpiration (WPTC ) almost doubled as compared to WPETC in all treatments. The impact of deficit irrigation on berry juice composition (Brix, pH and titratable acidity) was lower than the inter-seasonal variability. These results can help develop better irrigation management strategies for SDI irrigated wine grapes under water scarce conditions. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Push Singh, one of IEEE Intelligent Systems "AI Ten to Watch" recipients this year, died 28 February 2006. He was slated to begin a position as a faculty member in the MIT Media Laboratory. His PhD advisor, Marvin Minsky, was one of many people who will miss him and his work, which was based partly on Marvin's society-of-minds approach, exploring what common sense was and how it could develop. This article is part of a special issue on the Future of AI.


It is shown in the literature (using the Post—Yablonsky theorem) that a complete set of Boolean operations cannot have a cardinal number greater than four. It is the object of this paper to improve this bound and prove that a complete set can have a cardinal number of at most three or, in other words, there does not exist a complete (non–redundant) set of more than three Boolean operations. The proof given here is constructive, using the Post—Yablonsky theorem, truth tables and combinatorial set theory.


Ion chromatography experiments on carbon clusters have provided a powerful tool for characterizing the products of the laser ablation of graphite. Using this technique, several families of carbon clusters have been observed, and their role in a plausible fullerene formation process has been hypothesized. In this work, we have examined the experimental mobility results from a theoretical perspective. Our most interesting finding is the existence of a family of three-dimensional 2 + 4 cycloaddition products whose members match the experimental mobilities of the so-called `ring III` family over a range of cluster sizes, whereas previous studies have asserted that the `ring III` clusters are planar. In agreement with previous research, we find that the `ring I` and `ring II` families consist of monocyclic and bicycle rings, respectively. However, these families should be broadly defined so as to include ring structures with carbon branches, because short carbon branches have only a negligible effect on cluster mobility. 28 refs., 6 figs., 6 tabs.


This case study was unique in its focus on an environmental education curriculum for older adults. It followed from previous studies in exploring the instructional and research potential of metaphor and environmental orientation. Environmental orientations towards water were examined among a group of retirees before, during and after a workshop which incorporated instructional metaphor as a teaching strategy. The study demonstrated that, at least for some participants, the use of metaphor from a variety of orientations has the potential to increase participants' appreciation of alternative ways of relating to the environment. Overall, the use of metaphor appears to have contributed positively to most participants' understanding of water issues. As an educational tool instructional metaphor was useful in group discussion as a catalyst for conversation about how participants view, understand and relate to water. As a research technique metaphoric interviewing was useful to help draw out the accumulated knowledge and experiences of older adults.


Matched‐field inversion of range‐dependent seabed parameters is studied using broadband (525–725 Hz) acoustic data collected on the New Jersey Shelf during the SWARM95 experiment. An efficient global optimization scheme is used to minimize an objective function defined by the Bartlett processor output in both beam and mode space. With the input from chirp sonar bathymetry and sediment thickness data, a broadband acoustic field is calculated by a coupled normal mode model and range‐dependent geoacoustic properties are inverted. An independent chirp sonar inversion of acoustic impedance profiles was also performed along the same track by using chirp sonar data. The inversion results indicate good agreement between two inversion methods and show their effectiveness if they are used as complementary to each other. The effect of a strongly range‐dependent water column on the inversion performance and possible broadband inversion using single hydrophone is also studied. [Work supported by ONR.]


Language is a means of communication and speech is verbal production of language. Language has two components; expressive and receptive. Language development is a process in children starting in utero by hearing mother's voice. Expressive language development proceeds from gestures to vocalization of sounds to speaking words. Delay in language development affects socialization, reading and writing in children. Children with delayed language milestones are often having poor scholastic performance and learning disabilities. This may persist in adulthood leading to poor job opportunities, behavioral problems and lack of socialization.


A series of field tests was performed to ascertain the extent of malathion toxicity to killifish (Family Cyprinodontidae) inhabiting tidal marshes in Delaware. The technique involved placing 25 fish in metal tubs containing 7 gallons of habitat water. Each treated tub had an untreated control. In all, 304 killifish of the species Fundulus ocellaris Jordan and Gilbert were tested. Sprays were delivered by aerial application to simulate practical mosquito control procedure. Malathion was applied at 0.5 pound per acre. The fish were exposed to the oil solution for 4 hours, after which time they were examined and classed into normal, moribund, and dead. Five tests were performed; in the last three, the moribund individuals were placed in a recovery tub of fresh habitat water and inspected 20 and 64 hours later. According to the 4-hour results, 26.3% died and 31.2% Were unaffected whereas 42.4% were sublethally poisoned. In four replicates the fate of the moribund fish was followed for 64 hours after treatment. Of these, 66% recovered while 26% died. Only R% still were exhibiting symptoms at the end of the tests. There was no correlation between size of the fish and mortality.


We demonstrate a microwave photonic phased array antenna concept capable of symbol-by-symbol steering at symbol rates of 10 GBd. Such a system may increase mobile network capacity and reach by spatially addressing individual users.


Bell pepper is a relatively new vegetable plant known in Indonesia. Bell pepper has a great potential to be developed in Indonesia, this is shown by the high public interest in consuming. However, this high demand has not been fully met by farmers. It's be cause bell pepper production is determined by several factors, one of which is the attack of plant disturbing organisms (OPT). The most detrimental plant disturbing organisms for bell pepper cultivation is Thrips parvispinus Karny these insect damage caused are widely known as pests on various agricultural commodities and are polyphagous. Damage caused by Thrips parvispinus Karny in pepper plants ranges from 12% - 74%. Therefore, it's necessary to carry out environmentally friendly control efforts, one of which is by utilizing a mixture of neem leaves (Azadirachta indicca A. Juss.) and B.bassiana fungus as a vegetable pesticide


The study of insects is of great relevance in areas of scientific knowledge; its study usually occurs in the forensic field and in experimental studies which are not abundant. With the purpose of describing decomposition characteristics and the entomological process that are presented in  samples of pork, we registered one sample in a controlled environment and other in an exposed way, using the observation technique as well as measures such as volume and weight, indicators such as coloration and dehydration and the entomological process. The experiment lasted nine days; five observations were made; differences were identified in the reduction of measures, coloration and dehydration, as well as in the presence of insects between both samples. This allows to establish that, under certain conditions, in this case mainly climatic, important differences will be caused in these processes. Keywords: insects, decomposition, entomology, sample.


In this study, a magneto-rheological fluid dispersed by silica-coated iron was developed and its properties such as fluid viscosity (shear stress or shear rate) and abrasion were investigated. The metallic iron coated by silica dispersed in magneto-rheological fluid was prepared by H2 reducing of precipitated magnetite (Fe3O4). Then, the magneto-rheological fluid (MR fluid) for the seal was prepared with silica-coated iron or carbonyl iron (HQ type; diameter of 1.6-1.9 10-6m) and two solvent oils i.e. silicon oil (SH200cv, 10000cSt) and CVT oil (T-CVTF, automobile transmission oil). It was observed that the MR fluid viscosity of CVT oil with HQ particles is lower in every fluid condition. Furthermore, the surface roughness of polyvinyl plate after abrasion test for MR fluid with silica coated iron and CVT oil as solvent was higher compared to the other types of MR fluids. The results indicated that carbonyl iron (spherical particles) and silica-coated iron particles dispersed in silicon oil are feasible to be used where the low abrasion in mechanics is required.


Through the analysis of active power-frequency and reactive power- voltage, of parallel inverter on the traditional droop control, active power and reactive power coupling problem of these methods were found. Power coupling problem was gone when the line was resistived transmission line. But when these methods for low voltage micro-grid, due to line was perceptual, at this time the power coupling problems were existed. So the inverter control method for this low voltage micro-grid was not practical. Through a coordinate transformation of active power and reactive power decoupling, an improved frequency-voltage control structure was proposed. Active power and reactive power were completely decoupled through the control. Finally, through the simulation analysis, the results show that, the shortcoming of the traditional parallel inverter control method are overcome and the requirements of control are met, and it is a relatively perfect control scheme.