The method for the design and implementation of a file manager supporting content management are discussed, and the key technologies of some modules are introduced. The Z-explorer is developed on the oracle9 internet file system platform which supports content management. The advantage of the content management is given scope and the corporation is hevped to use the value of infor- mation.


The development of campus culture in higher vocational and technical colleges is significant in the development and construction of the whole institute.According to the specialization and reality of the higher vocational and technical education,the campus culture development should focus on creating the school image to the public and improving students'quality on campus.


The city of Cartagena and its immediate surroundings have experienced significant topographical changes throughout its history. Originally built on five hills which border south and west with the Mediterranean Sea, the city has expanded to the north over the last five decades, occupying a lacustrine system which has now dried up due to the diversion of riverbeds which, from time to time, used to flood the place. These changes have been documented and studied from the lithology present in over 400 geotechnical drillings carried out in the urban renewal of the city for the last two decades. In addition, another 20 new continuous drillings have been conducted within the Project "Surveying and planning a privileged Mediterranean city, Arqueotopos I and II" which is still ongoing. The information obtained is completed with the study of all existing historical maps on it. Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) have been generated with this drilling data, then several lithological layers have been selected for its interest: anthropic fill, mud and underlying bedrock. The thickness of each of the layers has been studied in different areas and viewed through various longitudinal profiles that have been plotted. Finally, a three-dimensional (3D) virtual reconstruction has been undertaken to see graphically the documented changes that have occurred in each of these layers, to serve both research and divulgation knowledge.


Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 MΦ) function to dampen host inflammatory responses and promote wound healing and tissue repair. As the blood brain barrier (BBB) restricts the flow of cells into the brain, understanding how M2 MΦ extravagate into the central nervous system (CNS) is of great interest. In a mouse model of neurocysticercosis (NCC) we previously demonstrated that M2 MΦ are essential in containing neuropathology in helminth infected CNS. Analysis of helminth infected mice revealed an abundant expression of galectin-7 that recognize galactose moieties in brain endothelial cells. The Galectin-7−/− NCC mice displayed a reduced accumulation of M2 MΦ in parasite infected brain. This reduction in M2 MΦ numbers in the CNS was correlated with an increased neuropathology and shortened survival. The use of adoptive transfer of fluorescent labeled cells demonstrated a decreased influx of M2 MΦ into the CNS of helminth infected NCC brains. The use of in-vitro transmigration assay conclusively demonstrated a key function of Galectin-7 expressed on endothelial cells in centrally regulating M2 MΦ entry into the CNS.


Keywords: DES, End of files, Java, Multimedia, Steganography ABSTRACT Multimedia steganography application was made using end of files method and java programming language as its implementation, with the goal to build an application to secure data (information) with utilization of steganographic techniques, several types of multimedia files that can be used as a medium ie text files, image files, audio files and video files. Data is entered as string via keyboard or string data that is copied from a file into the document box area provided, the data string will be inserted into a multimedia file that serves as data storage. Multimedia steganography application is also equipped with DES cryptographic function when inserting data serves as a code generator and encrypting data, for the security of a data the file is awake and protected from unauthorized parties.


AbstractThe general problems involved in the production of precision optical components are discussed with reference to plastics. The methods available for the manufacture of plastic optical parts are reviewed with particular reference to injection moulding. The design and manufacture of injection moulds are considered, and ways in which dimensional and surface finish requirements may be achieved are given. The criteria for producing optimum quality mouldings are listed, and the role of modern microprocessor controlled machines in producing quality moulded parts is emphasized. Methods for improving surface abrasion resistance and minimizing reflections are described. The optical, mechanical, physical, and processing properties of the plastics most favoured for optical components are given.MST/375


The aim of this work was to identify what effects excess amount of sodium polyacrylate, a commonly used dispersant, has on the coating properties and the interaction between ink and the paper coati ...


Theories of career development guide career development facilitators in the selection of career interventions, their content, and delivery. Each career theory focuses on a specific range of vocational behaviours and problems. The vocational problems addressed and the populations served are key criteria in determining the usefulness of a theory as a guide to practice (Richardson, Constantine, and Washburn, 2005; Savickas, 2002). An overview of career theories relevant to school students in the upper middle and secondary years is presented, including the career questions addressed by each theory and contemporary applications.


Euthanasia is an actual issue, that has been a long debate either law or medical world Does a medical doctor permitted to end a patients life, upon the request of a desperate patient because of the long, incurable disease? It is dilemma, indeed but anyhow euthanasia is strongly prohibited in KUHR medical ethics, and against the human rights.


Thermoluminescent phenomena are surveyed. The energy of a single particle undergoes degradation by distribution among a great number of other particles, and one is led to study the effects of particles with less and less energy up to the stage where the evolution of the energy can be considered as stopped. This end of energy evolution can take either the form of heat degradation or, at a much lower rate, the form of a permanent potential energy storage. In the final stages of the evolution, the energies exchanged are comparable to the energy differences arising from the electron structure of the crystal lattice. Solid state physics must then be briefly considered. (auth)


The endosperm enzyme activity of rice is thought to vary depending on various parameters such as cultivar type, storage conditions, and cultivation region. Focusing on the variation in enzyme activity, we examined the relationship between these parameters and the palatability of cooked rice. To improve measurement convenience, rapidity, substrate specificity and sensitivity, enzyme activity was assessed using synthetic substrates. The following enzymes were examined and subjected to chemometric analysis : αand β -amylases; α-glucosidase; β glucanase; β -galactosidase; α -mannosidase; and β -xylanase. The results indicated that the endosperm enzyme activities differed among cultivars closely related to Koshihikari, namely, activities of α and β -amylase and β galactosidase differed significantly between cultivars. _Pirouette` multivariate analysis software was used to perform principal component analysis and thereby group cultivars according to endosperm enzyme activity. Haenuki was grouped closely to Koshihikari, whereas Kirara 397 was distantly related to Koshihikari. We were able to correlate carbohydrate-related enzyme activity with the characteristics of the cultivars. (Received Jul. 8, 2014 ; Accepted Oct. 15, 2014)


On Sept. 16, 1951, craniopagus twins were born in Rock Island, Ill. The record of the birth and course during the first six weeks has been adequately described by Durr. 1 The present preliminary communication will give a resume of the sequence of events that led to the eventual surgical separation of the twins and of the post-operative course. The babies were admitted to the University of Illinois Hospitals on Oct. 2, 1951. They were in a conjoined state of craniopagus parietalis (fig. 1). Their general condition was good, with normal increments of growth and neuromuscular development. Their measurements on the Stuart-Vickers tables ranged from the 25th to the 50th percentile for their age. The babies had obviously independent activities; they slept at different times, could eat at separate times, made separate movements, had independent bowel and bladder functions, and had individual body temperatures. In all, there was clinical evidence


Post-inflationary boundary conditions are essential to the existence of our highly structured universe, and these can only come about through quantum mechanical state reductions - i.e., through measurements. The choice is between: An 'objective' measurement that allows reduction to occur independent of conscious observers, and an 'observer' based measurement that ties reduction to the existence of a conscious observer. It is shown in this paper that that choice cannot be determined empirically; so how we finally understand state reduction will be decided by the way that reduction is used in a wider (future) theoretical framework. Key Words: consciousness, decoherence, stochastic choice, wave collapse.


Dazhai Village and Xiaogang Village used to be the rural models representing respectively the time of collective economy and the time of reform and transition. The re-examination of the two opposing models with their constructive processes and significance is intended to further our understanding of Chinese three rural issues. Dazhai Village was politically constructed into an example of collective agriculture,while Xiaogang Village was made into a model of rural reform due to resorting to contracted household farming when collective cooperation failed. The two different action modes were both constructed as advanced examples,reflecting a paradox of typical construction. Such a paradox enlightens us with the inherent nature of villages,and the basic principle of rural development of respecting village and farmers autonomous choice. The rural model construction has a value of value dissemination and should not be copied as a master copy.


: We examine the selection processes and retention of graduate staff of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The findings are expected to help graduates to conduct self-appraisal, to create awareness among SME owners on how to retain graduate staff. How higher institutions can improve the quality of graduates produced and how the government can identify areas of intervention. Data were gathered from two hundred (200) Owners of SMEs; however, only one hundred and ninety-eight (198) questionnaires were okay. The questionnaire was designed using five points Likert scale ranging from strongly agree (5) to strongly disagree (1). It was also supposed to supply information on the rankings of competencies and skills, factors inhibiting performance, reasons for low graduate retention among graduate staffs of SMEs. The study found out that oral communication, written communication, and positive ethics were top on the list of competencies and skills of graduate staff as ranked by the SME owners. Graduate retention was low in SMEs due to graduates' dissatisfaction with remuneration. The need for students of higher institutions to have hands-on knowledge of the theory they were taught.


Official languages will be English, French and German. Simultaneous translatioii will be provided. Thc principal subjects of the Congress will be: Anaemia, leukaemia, disorders of coagulation and their treatment, problems of bone marrowtransplantation, haemoglobinopathies and newer haematological techniques. A programme of special events is being prepared. Further notices will appcar in the nicdical press in due course. For furthcr information write to Dr. E. Neumark, Department of PathoIogy, St. Mary's Hospital, London, W.Z. Congress.


The three developmental levels of children's behavioral responses to common objects which characterize their advancing conceptualization in the early years are described. The article relates verbal...


This work studies the use of cloths in Architecture, when they are used not as simple complements but as a whole of coverings and closures. To this purpose, it analyses, on one hand, the functional justification of the use of such a material and on the other hand, its technological basis, studying its morphological type with the different shapes by means of supports and hangings and the suitable design technology according to their characteristics, with description and study of the cloth as construction material, its mechanical and physical characteristics, making and setting up processes, type of joints, solutions for edges and anchorages, etc. Finally, all these data are resumed in an analysis of the process of the design. regarding the interaction among the functional solution, the formal solution and the structural solution.


In the present study, we investigated whether the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) are involved in the induction of MMP‐9 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–stimulated primary astrocytes. The expression of MMP‐9 but not MMP‐2 was increased by LPS. LPS treatment induced activation of Erk1/2 within 30 min, which was dose‐dependently inhibited by PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the Erk kinase (MEK). In this condition, PD98059 blocked the increase in MMP‐9 protein and mRNA level as well as gelatin‐digesting activity. Inhibition of PKC activity blocked the LPS‐induced activation of Erk1/2 as well as MMP‐9 expression. In addition, activation of PKC by phorbol myristoyl acetate (PMA) activated Erk1/2 with concomitant increase in MMP‐9 production. Moreover, treatment of PD98059 dose‐dependently decreased the PMA‐induced MMP‐9 expression. The results from the present study suggest that induction of MMP‐9 by LPS in rat primary astrocytes is mediated, at least in part, by the sequential activation of PKC and Erk1/2. The Erk1/2‐mediated MMP‐9 induction may provide insights into the regulation of MMP‐9 production in CNS, which may occur in vivo in pathological situations such as CNS inflammation. GLIA 41:15–24, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Computer-based screening of small-molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors presenting potential peptidomimetics of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody 10E8 is carried out. Eight chemical compounds able to block the HIV-1 gp41 segment critical for fusion of the virus membrane with a target cell were identified using molecular modeling. These compounds are considered as promising basic structures for the design of novel broad anti-HIV drugs


The objective of the study is to find out the effect of VOA Learning English YouTube Channel on students' simple past tense. This study was conducted at 8th grade students of SMP Pustek Serpong in academic year 2017/2018. The researcher used quantitative analysis with a quasi-experimental design. As the sample, the researcher uses one class with total number of 37 students. By using t-test, the finding showed that tcalculation (7.89) was higher than ttable (2.026) at a significant level of 5%. It indicates that VOA Learning English YouTube Channel gives the positive significant result in improving students' simple past tense.


Objective:To investigate whether the activation of mitochondrial calcium activated potassium channel(mitoKCa) can potentiate the cardioplegic solution of modified St.Thomas cardioplegia in isolated rat hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.Methods:The isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 30 min global ischemia and 120 min reperfusion.The rats were divided into four groups:ischemia and reperfusion group;modified St.Thomas cardioplegia group;modified St.Thomas cardioplegia+NS1619 group and modified St.Thomas cardioplegia+NS1619+Paxilline group.The ventricular hemodynamic parameters,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release from coronary flow during reperfusion and myocardial water content were measured.Results:In contrast to ischemia and reperfusion group,modified St.Thomas cardioplegia decreased the elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(P0.01),increased rate-pressure product(P0.01) and coronary flow(P0.05),reduced LDH release(P0.01) and mycardical water content(P0.01).Administration of NS1619,an activator of mitoKCa channel potentiated the role of modified St.Thomas cardioplegia,LDH release and mycardical water content further decreased(P0.01),and the improvement of left ventricular performance was more significant(P0.01).The inhibitor of mitoKCa channel Paxilline abolished the role of NS 1619(P0.05-P0.01).Conclusions:These findings indicate that activation of mitochondrial calcium activated potassium channel can potentiate the cardioplegic solution of cardioplegia.


Continual CMOS scaling requires the implementation of high-k gate dielectrics with metal gate to alleviate the rapid gate tunneling current increase associated with aggressive EOT scaling. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the integration challenges that high-k/metal gate stack technology is facing. This includes thermal stability of high-k against crystallization, phase separation, and interfacial reaction with underlying Si, charges/traps in high-k as well as at interfaces, channel carrier mobility degradation, EOT control and scaling, work function control for dual-gate CMOS integration, and gate stack reliability. The engineering of the high-k/Si as well as metal/high-k interfaces is identified as the most important factor for achieving EOT<<1 nm with good performance and reliability.


This study examined 145 students' course grades and scores on a standardised achievement test (the Area Concentration Achievement Test [ACAT] in Psychology) following completion of web-based, web-enhanced or classroom courses in basic learning. We found that students in web-based courses had lower course grades than those in either classroom-based or web-enhanced courses. Moreover, students in web-based or web-enhanced courses scored lower on the ACAT Human Learning subtest than did students in classroom-based instruction. Thus we found poorer outcomes associated with web-based rather than classroom-based instruction. Perhaps neither standardised tests nor grades capture the strengths of web-based pedagogy. More research is needed to assess learning outcomes across various modes of instruction in order to identify variables that can maximise success of web-based instruction and perhaps also to better capture the strengths of web-based pedagogy.


the theatre, for fear that, if the Conscience found a moment of silence and of idleness, it would condemn them with its criticism' (p. 64). The sermons 'Mortal Sin,' 'Venial Sin,' and 'Confession' with their emphasis on analysis of motivation and inner dispositions form a parallel with the Classical Theatre of the grand siècle in which similar analyses played an important role. The sermon on Confession also contains a resonance of Bossuet's notion of the danger of postponing the moment of repentance and conversion. While La Colombière draws attention to the fear of eternal torment, this and all his other sermons are suffused with the notion of a God of love, expressed in such images as those of a loving father and a tender mother. In the sermon 'The Mercy of God,' La Colombière notes that 'God does not forgive half-way' (p. 121) and that when we repent he loves us even more than he did before our fall. La Colombière is here countering the severe image of the God presented by the Jansenists with whom he was engaged in combat during his stay in Paris in the 1660s, a period during which he also supervised the education of Colbert's children. The translation tends to be formal or literal and this is justified by Fr O'Brien in the introduction where he states that he adopted this approach to maintain the ceremonial tone of the discourse and the rhetorical style of the author. In general, this approach is successful, but there are some irritations such as the excessive use of 'one' in places to translate the French 'on.' In the sermon 'Conscience' the definite article is constantly used with the word 'conscience.' This is an excessively literal rendering of the French requirement of the use of the definite article with an abstract noun. Fr O'Brien is to be commended for making these sermons, with their rich theology on topics which contemporary preaching tends to ignore, available to a wider audience. The sermons represent many of the qualities which made 17th-century France the great era of moral reflection.


Since 1960s the research of Song Dynasty historical studies has started. Especially after 1980s the research has performed on a full scale. This article analyzes the trend of Song Dynasty historical studies from 1995 to 2014. In this article I divided politics, diplomacy, society, economy, and thoughts respectively and prospected subjects that lacked in existing studies and have to deal with in the future.


Slug and nettle caterpillars : the biology, taxonomy, and control of the Limacodidae of economic importance on palms in South-east Asia , Slug and nettle caterpillars : the biology, taxonomy, and control of the Limacodidae of economic imp... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


In a previous paper we defined the black and white SAT problem which has exactly two solutions, where each variable is either true or false. We showed that black and white 2-SAT problems represent strongly connected directed graphs. We presented also the strong model of communication graphs. In this work we introduce two new models, the weak model, and the Balatonboglár model of communication graphs. A communication graph is a directed graph, where no self loops are allowed. In this work we show that the weak model of a strongly connected communication graph is a black and white SAT problem. We prove a powerful theorem, the so called transitions theorem. This theorem states that for any model which is between the strong and the weak model, we have that this model represents strongly connected communication graphs as black and white SAT problems. We show that the Balatonboglár model is between the strong and the weak model, and it generates 3-SAT problems, so the Balatonboglár model represents strongly connected communication graphs as black and white 3-SAT problems. Our motivation to study these models is the following: The strong model generates a 2-SAT problem from the input directed graph, so it does not give us a deep insight how to convert a general SAT problem into a directed graph. The weak model generates huge models, because it represents all cycles, even non-simple cycles, of the input directed graph. We need something between them to gain more experience. From the Balatonboglár model we learned that it is enough to have a subset of a clause, which represents a cycle in the weak model, to make the Balatonboglár model more compact. We still do not know how to represent a SAT problem as a directed graph, but this work gives a strong link between two prominent fields of formal methods: the SAT problem and directed graphs.


We report a photocathode device consisting of GaP, a metal oxide (Al2O3 or ZnO), a phosphonate-C12-thiol monolayer, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs enhance electron transfer: in non-aqueous electrochemistry (EtV(2+) in MeCN), p-GaP|Al2O3|O3PC12S|AuNP and …ZnO|…|AuNP rescued the photocurrent (24%, 59% of Jmax-etch). Aqueous experiments (CO2 saturated KCl) using the optimized ZnO-functionalized device exhibited H(+) → H2 (FY = 66%) and CO2 → CO (FY = 6%).


Signal propagation in a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL), which is a viable means for tunable interconnection in modern electronic circuits, is investigated. The analytical formulations describing the harmonic generation in NLTL circuits are derived. Circuit simulations are conducted to validate the voltage waveform derivations and to monitor signal transmission.


The invention provides a double-camera after-shooting focusing imaging device and method. The double-camera after-shooting focusing imaging device is provided with double cameras which are arranged on a portable device. The double cameras respectively are the main camera and the auxiliary camera. The double-camera after-shooting focusing imaging device is further provided with a background control module. After a user selects a scene, the background control module adjusts shooting parameters of the double cameras according to shooting data of a user focusing region, then the main camera and the auxiliary camera simultaneously shoot and acquire two images respectively with a certain distance in front of a focal point, set by the user, in the focusing region and a certain distance behind a focal point, set by the user, of the focusing region as respective focal points, after-shooting focusing is achieved through an image processing algorithm, and then clear imaging with the large depth of fields is output. After imaging, the user can conduct secondary focusing within a certain range near the actual imaging focal points, and therefore the problems that small-range focal point deviation is generated because of mal-operation in the shooting process, so that imaging defocusing blurring is caused, and refocusing for shooting is needed are solved.


On 8 November 2016 the American electorate voted Donald Trump into the Presidency and a majority of Republicans into both houses of Congress. Since many Republicans ran for elected of fi ce on the promise to ' repeal and replace ' Obamacare, this election result came with an expectation that campaign rhetoric would result in legislative action on healthcare. The American Health Care Act (AHCA) represented the Republican effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Key elements of the AHCA included modi fi cations of Medicaid expansion, repeal of the individual mandate, replacement of ACA subsidies with tax credits, and a broadening of the opportunity to use healthcare savings accounts. Details of the bill and the political issues which ultimately impeded its passage are discussed here.


The purpose of this project is to create a predictive model for detecting network intrusions. It makes use of a dataset, which consists of nine weeks of raw TCP dump data for a local area network (LAN) that was designed to simulate a typical U.S. Air Force LAN. We implemented a variety of different classification algorithms based on Logistic Regression and the Naïve Bayesian model to determine if individual connections were malicious. False positive and negative error rates were used as criteria to evaluate the relative performance of these approaches. We determined that a multi-dimensional Naïve Bayesian model is an effective approach for filtering network connections that minimizes impedance of normal network activity.


A flexible approach to the EM simulation of complex-geometry domains is presented. To this purpose, different kind of mesh-elements and of field-mapping techniques are combined together aiming at an optimal trade-off between computational efficiency and geometrical flexibility. The resulting CAD tool allows for easily simulating structures which would instead require significant effort with the more conventional FDTD algorithm. Both flexibility and efficiency of the proposed method are illustrated by some suimulation examples.


Specific features of the SiC layer formation having the polytype differs from the SiC substrate polytype are considered within the scope of simple models. The effect of nonstoichiometry, impurities, C and Si faces on the heteropolytype epitaxy are considered. By means of Harrison's bond orbital model it is shown that the adsorption energy for the C face is greater than for the Si face. On the bases of the earlier proposed D-model and vacancy model it is proposed that impurities which enforce the possibility of  interpolytype transition decrease the time of processes and the transition layer widths. For the interpretation of the transition layer periodic structure consisted of initial and final polytypes, the model of specific spinodal decomposition is proposed.


HE great mischief Complain'd of in the prosecution of this war is that relaxation of discipline which disgraces the army and has alienated the Affections of the inhabitants from the Royal Cause." So wrote Lord George Germain, secretary of state for the American colonies, toward the close of Britain's unsuccessful attempt to put down the American rebellion.1 Many of his contemporaries, on both sides of the conflict, expressed similar sentiments about the plundering, theft, unauthorized destruction of property, and physical maltreatment of civilians for which British soldiers were responsible.2 Historians, too, have agreed that such indiscipline greatly diminished the chances of the British winning the battle for "hearts and minds" that was crucial in the American war.3 In light of this unanimity on the significant consequences of British


Financial value project is the essence of financial managemet in Colleges and Universities. All the financial management activities can be summarized, reflected and controlled by the financial value project. It is pretty important to introduce the thought of value project into financial management, which is the critical chain in the financial strategic system in Colleges and Universities. Utilizing the financial value project in management not only can facilitate the financial creativities in Colleges and Universities., but also can promote the whole competitiveness.


-p-Coumar-, coniferyland sinap aldehydes were synthesized in good yields by new two synthetic methods. 1) The aldehydes were prepared by a two-carbon homologation of P-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin and syringaldehyde with 2,4,4, 6-tetramethyl-5, 6-dihydro-1, 3-oxazine in the presence of n-butyllithium in anhydrous tetrahydrofurane at -77°C. 2) The aldehydes were also prepared by reduction of the corresponding p-hydroxycinnamic acid chlorides with lithium trit-butoxyaluminohydride in anhydrous diglyme at -77°C.


In recent times, the fire accidents have been reported by certain news agency, due to interior aluminum cladding used in the buildings located in United Arab Emirates. In order to overcome this problem, an attempt is made in this work to arrive at suitable FRP/nanocomposites which can survive in the harsh environments and minimize the risk of fire accidents. In this study, the mechanical and thermal behaviour of different weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) of silica nanoparticles dispersed in epoxy and FRP composites such as E-glass/epoxy and basalt/epoxy were studied. Flexural tests were performed using the three point bending fixture and, the three different instruments, namely DMA, DSC and TGA were used for finding out the thermal properties of above mentioned materials. The fractured surface of the three point bending specimens was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The viscoelastic properties [storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E') and loss factor (tan δ)] and glass transition temperature (Tg) were studied as a function of temperature ranging from room temperature (30 °C) to 190°C at a constant frequency (1 Hz) using DMA. The Tg values obtained from DMA were validated with Tg values obtained from DSC and, found a good agreement. The change in %weight and the thermal stability of different weight percentages (wt%) of nanocomposites as the temperature changes from room temperature to 800 °C were studied through TGA studies. It has been found that nanosilica particles play a crucial role in increasing the mechanical and thermal stability of the FRP composites. The higher thermal stability coupled with higher mechanical properties makes basalt fibre/epoxy nanosilica composites a better material which can sustain in harsh environments.


PREFACE: A TALE OF TWO BARS 1. A Puritan Walks into a Bar (1600-1700) 2. A Lawyer Walks into a Bar (1700-1750) 3. A Revolutionary Walks into a Bar (1750-1776) 4. A Taxman Walks into a Bar (1777-1830) 5. An Irishman Walks into a Bar (1830-1900) 6. An Industrialist Walks into a Bar (1900-1920) 7. A Flapper Walks into a Speakeasy (1920-1933) 8. America Walks into a Bar (1934-1950) 9. A Cop Walks into a Bar (1949-1970) POST-SCRIPT: A MOTHER AND HER BABY WALK INTO A BAR


Juxtacortical chondroma is an uncommon benign cartilaginous tumor that arises under or in the periosteum on the surface of the cortical bone. The term "Juxtacortical Chondroma" was coined by Jaffe in 1956. Recently we have exprienced a 10-year-old male with juxtacortical chondroma in the fourth proximal phalanx. In addition, this case had an enchondroma in the same phalanx. This time, we reported this case and gave consideration to the clinical and pathological findings of this case.


This is the study of physical properties of bamboo from the species Schizostachyttm brachycladum. The bamboo samples were taken in Dabong forest. Bamboo culm of aged 1, 2, 3 and 4 years were used in this study. For the physical properties, the tests were carried out on the four factors of moisture content, basic density, swelling, shrinkage. The internodes from 2 until 28 were used. Basic density year 1 is 0.51, year 2 is 0.61, year 3 is 0.5, year 4 is 0.5 and year 5 is 0.62. For the moisture content, aged 1 bamboo is 59.44 aged 2 is 52.44 , aged 3 is 48.94 , aged 4 is 35.83 is and lastly aged 5 is 30.34. For the swelling, aged 1 of bamboo have the value of 51.52, aged 2 is 48.26 , aged 3 is 32.5, aged 4 is 35.69 and lastly is aged 5 that is 32.05.Lastly, the test for shrinkage. Year 1 bamboo is 28.9, year 2 is 31.07, year 3 is 33.03, year 4 is 40.00 and year 5 is 43.62. .


The significance of the studied problem can be justified by the widespread use of represented speech as a special type of rendering another person's speech in modern literature in general and in psychological prose in particular. The purpose of this article is to study the psychological nature of represented speech and to show its division into uttered (external) and internal (unuttered), as well as mechanisms for their implementation and use in a literary text; the author illustrates these ideas with the examples from Anglo-American fiction of the twentieth century. The analysis of the psychological nature of represented speech gives grounds to speak about the genetic duality (uttered and internal represented speech), dialectical relationship of its basic psychological substances (internal speech and external speech), the presence of relatively stable linguistic characteristics of internal speech, reflection of socio-psychological motives in inner speech. The dual psychological nature of represented speech largely explains its inexhaustible artistic and psychological features in literary works. Represented speech has a wide range of multifunctional potential in narrative discourse. It aims at interpreting the psychological motives of actions and feelings of literary characters. Represented speech has unique peculiarities: the description of the innermost thoughts and feelings of characters adds a special psychological coloring to prose. The article may be of practical value to students of philological departments.


Based on the dynamic measurement results of turbine flowmeter and radioactive water holdup-densitometer combination tool with an inflatable concentrating diverter in oil/gas/water three-phase flow loop,we established a turbine flowmeter physical model to predict the total three-phase flowrate,which considered the effects of equivalent "gas/liquid" slip velocity and flow patterns.Considering the close relationship beween flow pattern variations and kinematic wave propagation characteristcs of twophase flow,this study proposed a flow pattern identification criterion based on the propagation speed features of kinematic wave of "gas/liquid" two-phase flow,and applied the criterion to extract important gas phase drift velocity and phase distribution coefficient.Finally,we combined the threephase flow characteristcs with the tubine flowmeter physical model,and realized a good prediction accuracy of three-phase flowrate.This study shows that we can still efficientlly measure the total flowrate of oil/gas/water three-phase flow using the turbine flowmeter with a inflatable concentrating diverter.


A study to assess surgical repair of the complete tears of the ulnar collater-al ligament(UCL) of the metacarpophalageal joint of the thumb was carried out. From Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1998, twenty-one patients of high thumb activity demand with acute ruptures of UCL were treated with primary repair using a Mitek GII suture anchor. The average follow-up period was 12.6 months. The results were assessed according to the subjective classification of functional dis-ability, ROM of MP joint of thumbs, pinch strength, and stability. 13 (61.9%) patients were graded excellent, 6 (28.6%) good and 2 (9.5%) fair. In the good and excellent groups, the average ROM was at least 90% of the uninjured side; pinch strength averaged 96% of the uninvolved hand. All patients got good sta-bility of MP joints. No skin necrosis, infection, nerve injury or loss of fixation was observed. On the basis of these findings, use of the Mitek GII suture anchor is a satisfactory method of repairing theses injuries.


In the area of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO), a majority of problems involve so called high-dimensional, expensive, black-box (HEB) functions, such as complex finite element analyses or computational fluid dynamics simulations. A new metamodeling approach, the radial-basis function-high dimensional model representation (RBF-HDMR) method, was recently developed for HEB problems. RBF-HDMR adaptively models a HEB problem according to the problem's intrinsic (non)linearity, variable correlations, and variable structures. Therefore in a sense it is able to turn a "black-box" function in a "white-box." This work explores the application of RBF-HDMR in the context of optimization. The model is first applied to uncover the variable structure and correlations, based on which the HEB problem is then decomposed to sub-problems. Optimization is then applied to those sub-problems. This simple strategy is then compared with direct optimization without decomposition. From the tests, the pros and cons of the strategy will be discussed.


The self-starting performance of the fixed pitch straight-bladed vertical axis tidal turbine is poor.Based on the simulated experiment,its self-starting performance at different flow speed and setting position of blade has been calculated by software Fluent with the results compared with that of the tidal turbine with guide vanes,which indicates that the guide vanes contribute to improve its self-starting and hydrodynamic performance.


This paper offers a novel illustration of the political economy of religion by examining the impact of religious elites on development. We compile a unique database on holy Muslim shrines across Pakistani Punjab and construct a historical panel of literacy spanning over a century (1901-2011). Using the 1977 military take-over as a universal shock that gave control over public goods to politicians, our difference-in-differences analysis shows that areas with a greater concentration of shrines experienced a substantially retarded growth in literacy after the coup. Our results suggest that the increase in average literacy rate would have been higher by 13% in the post-coup period in the absence of shrine influence. We directly address the selection concern that shrines might be situated in areas predisposed to lower literacy expansion. Finally, we argue that the coup devolved control over public goods to local politicians, and shrine elites, being more averse to education since it undermines their power, suppressed its expansion in shrine-dense areas.


Introduction: After the era of paper health record, in 2002 standard questionnaires for chronic patients were collected  and registered by a hospital nurse. Since then, our electronic health record has been evolving. Nowadays the same electronic health record (eHR) is shared by the whole public health system that attends 2 million people, nursing homes included. The next step forward comes with the creation of standard questionnaires within an "Integral Program Manager", this meaning that relevant information of the patient will be registered and analyzed giving identical recommendations in any setting  (primary care, specialist or hospital) in a given clinical change. This will lead to "message reconciliation" in the system avoiding contradictions and helping educate and empower the patients for self-control. The creation of the personal health record and the new technologies (smartphones) will enable patients to fill the questionnaires by themselves. Description of practice change implemented: Change of paper based fragmented health record to an electronic and integrative one. Aim: Same electronic health record, questionnaires and recommendations in different settings Target population: All patients, but specially: - Pluripathological patients - Home-dependent patients - Nursing home residents - End of life patients Timeline: *Until 1996: health record on paper. *1996-2000: some reports are digitalized and the copy is carried by the patient. *2000-2009: basic electronic health record, different for primary care *Since 2002: assessment questionnaires for heart failure and COPD  by phone by a case management nurse *2009-2012: health care based on an electronic health record, but different for hospital and primary care. Beginning of a electronic prescription tool (same for all) *Since 2012: creation of personal health records for patients *2012-2018: integrative electronic health record accessible for all healthcare workers, old paper reports are digitalized, warnings (allergies e.g.), same prescription tool  ("Presbide"). *Since 2018: beginning of electronic application forms including those for pluripathological patients. Beginning of the "Integral Program Manager" to suggest recommendations according to clinical changes registered in the application forms. Highlights: -Creation of the electronic health record. -Computer integration: only one electronic health record -Healthcare integration: same questionnaires for all pluripathological patients (generic and specific disease related application forms). Information collected in any setting (call center, primary care physician or hospital) and creation of recommendations accordingly (by the "Integral Program Manager") leading to remote treatment adjustment, face-to-face assessment in primary care or direct hospital admission. Sustainability: The unification of theelectronic health record reduces maintenance costs and those related to the lack of coordination. Transferability: Transferable for all health services with compatible information systems. Conclusions: Integrative electronic health record and healthcare process with the same questionnaires and recommendations are desirable for a coordinated health care, especially for multipathological patients. Discussion: The new technologies should allow patients to choose the easiest way to fill in control questionnaires by themselves. Lessons learned: This process is not easy because apart from the technical difficulties requires important habit changes, but is the only way to achieve our goals.


Cube connected networks are designed from the hypercube architecture which has attractive properties. Edges in the cube-connected networks depict the node-to-node communication amidst processors. M-Polynomials have got new dimensions from different architectures that proved themselves result oriented in the indices related to topology. This article focuses on the derivation of M-Polynomials and vertex and edge covering for the cube connected cycles of dimension n. The nodes in the covering set assists in keeping all the communication links secure in the network.


There are many ways in which Ovid's Metamorphoses differs from more prototypical manifestations of the epic genre like Vergil's Aeneid . A widespread view for instance, elaborated in literary studies like Doscher (1971) and Solodow (1988) is that the narrative of the Metamorphoses is static and pictorial, especially when compared to the dynamic way of narrative presentation in the Aeneid . This chapter shows that this observation can be supported and qualified by a linguistic analysis of the internal coherence of a number of stories in the Metamorphoses . Firstly, it argues that in the Metamorphoses the discourse mode Description is used more pervasively and freely than in the Aeneid ; and secondly, it tries to show that in the Metamorphoses , in contrast to what appears to be the case in the Aeneid , the advancement of the story usually takes its base in the time of the narrator and not in reference time. Keywords: Aeneid; discourse mode; Metamorphoses ; Ovid; Vergil


Summary Protrusion of the endosperm due to rupture of the seed coat that occurs during seed formation in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don was investigated. Rupture was not limited to a specific part of the seed coat. It occurred most frequently at the chalazal end of the seed. Seeds with protruding endosperm were formed in fruit 17 d after pollination, or later, when the endosperm filled the space enclosed by the seed coat. The frequency of seeds with protruding endosperm increased with the stage of physiological maturity. Seeds with protruding endosperm comprised up to 12% of seeds harvested at full maturity. The protruding endosperm was composed of an abnormal proliferation of endosperm cells. In seeds with protruding endosperm, the seed coat was poorly developed and the embryo protruded from a rupture in the seed coat after imbibition. The percentages of seeds that germinated normally were 61% and 15%, for normal seeds and seeds with a protruding endosperm, respectively. Protrusion of the endosperm in C. roseus seeds may have been caused by a thin seed coat and by pressure caused by the developing embryo and endosperm.


P lant pathogenic fungi have had an important economic and social impact on humans since the evolution of agricultural societies (Stakman 1959). Ancient Romans worshipped the god Robigus, who embodied a catastrophic cereal disease called rust, praying for a special dispensation for their cereal crops. In the last century, the Irish potato famine, caused by the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, contributed to 1.5 million deaths and a large-scale emigration of Europeans to North America. In 1970, leaf blight on corn caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus destroyed approximately 15% of the US corn crop, causing a grain loss estimated at more than $1 billion. Losses due to pathogenic fungi vary from year to year, but careful measurements indicate that average annual yield losses of 5-10% are typical in field crops in industrialized countries throughout the world (James 1974). Plant pathologists have focused largely on the genetics and physiology of pathogen-plant interactions. However, plant pathogens also offer unique opportunities to study processes in population and evolutionary biology.


An explicit parametrization algorithm is reported for the simplest class of triply periodic minimal surfaces (the `regular' class) for which the Weierstrass function specifying the complex plane representation has a simple product form. As the Gauss map links triply periodic minimal surfaces with spherical tessellations, the set of Schwarz triangular tilings of the sphere is used as the basis of an exhaustive listing of all such possible branch-point distributions, and hence surfaces, in this class. The symmetry and geometry of the resulting surfaces are determined by the locations and orders of these branch points.


That many of the passages in the Digest are not in their original state is no new discovery. Cujas and earlier writers were fully aware of the fact, and there has been no age since the revival of learning in which it has not been pointed out and illustrated. It is plain that there must have been great alterations. Justinian's compilers were instructed to make such changes as were necessary to bring the texts into accord with the existing law. Practically all the material of the Digest was from books written at least three centuries earlier. In the interval there had been a vast amount of legislation, and a system of law which had been created in the West, and was based on essentially Latin traditions, was, from the time of Constantine onwards, elaborated in the East, in a community in which the traditions and environment were essentially Greek. In such conditions propositions of law must insensibly change their content; terms become charged with new meanings and a new spirit, and the most conservative editor, even though he intend no more than the incorporation of the effects of legislation, will inevitably do much more. It was not till about a century ago, when Savigny called attention to the importance of these "Emblemata Triboniani" (now commonly called Interpolations) and gave several illustrations, that their importance in the reconstruction of the classical law was recognized. It was hardly indeed till the last quarter of the nineteenth century that scholars concerned with the history of the Roman Law fully realized the value of the instrument which the study of interpolations placed in their hands. The remarkable results obtained by Lenel, Eisele, and Gradenwitz, by the use of methods indicated by them, suggested similar work to others, and before long a large number of such interpolations had been indicated.2 I System Des heutigen Rdimischen Rechts (184o) 257 et seq. 'See Bonfante, Lezioni di Stora del Diritto Romano (1922) 83 for a bibliography up to the outbreak of the European War.


Deep learning (DL) is a fresh study orientation in the field of machine learning in computer science. It is recommend into machine learning to make it nearer to the customary artificial target intelligence. DL is the inherent law and express level of learning sample data, and the information get in the learning procedure is of mighty help to the explain of data such as words, images and sounds. CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) combines feature extraction with itemize process to train neural network, which has acquire mighty successful in the field of image classification. This paper focuses on the automatic classification of fetal facial ultrasound images. A 19-layer convolution network is proposed and improved. By using data enhancement, adding global mean pooling layer, reducing the number of channels in the full connection layer of the model, and optimizing learning based on parameter transfer learning of fine-tuning training, the automatic classification of fetal facial ultrasound images with limited data volume can be realized. Match with the present solutions, the depth network proposed in this paper can effectively avoid ultrasonic noise interference and learn deep features more effectively. A heavy quantity of specific analysis test have proved its effectiveness.


The G-. Q- and R-banding patterns of the domestic rabbit chromosomes are described and verified by representative karyotypes and photoelectric recordings. The chromosomes, arranged according to the system recommended by an international study group at Reading in 1976, are individually identifiable with each of the banding techniques used.


The article presents some new results on the modeling of endless ladder electrical circuits and transmission lines with spread loses through digital filters which realizes the integral–derivative composite 1/2 rank operators with real and complex root–poles. (Infinite electrical circuits digital models – square root operators) Słowa kluczowe: całko–pochodne operatory rzędu 1/2, filtry cyfrowe typu IIR, obwody nieskończone, obwody o parametrach rozłożonych


Open Source Software (OSS) communities depend on continu-ally recruiting new contributors. Some communities promote initiatives such as Summers of Code to foster contribution, but little is known about how successful these initiatives are. As a case study, we chose Google Summer of Code (GSoC), which is a three-month internship promoting software development by students in several OSS projects. We quantitatively inves-tigated different aspects of students' contribution, including number of commits, code churn, and contribution date inter-vals. We found that 82% of the studied OSS projects merged at least one commit in codebase. When only newcomers are considered, ~54% of OSS projects merged at least one com-mit. We also found that ~23% of newcomers contributed to GSoC projects before knowing they would be accepted. Addi-tionally, we found that the amount of commits and code of students with experience in the GSoC projects are strongly correlated with how much code they produced and how long they remained during and after GSoC. OSS communities can take advantage of our results to balance the trade-offs in-volved in entering CCEs, to set the communities' expectations about how much contribution they can expect to achieve, and for how long students will probably engage.


Objective: To analyse sports sponsorship by food and alcohol companies by quantifying the proportion of time that the main sponsor's logo was seen during each of three cricket telecasts, the extent of paid advertising during the telecast and the contribution by the main sponsor to this, and to describe the associated ground advertising.


: Solar panel efficiency decreases with an increase in the panel surface temperature. This study utilized the Phase Change Material (PCM) based cooling approach along with Aluminum fins to reduce the temperature of the PV panel. The PV panel surface temperature and efficiency are the target parameters we investigated. The results were compared with conventional PV panel values at inclination angles of 30 ◦ , 45 ◦ , and 60 ◦ with respect to the ground. The experimental results show that the PV panel efficiency increased by 6.85%, 6.82%, and 4.2% for the inclination angles of 30 ◦ , 45 ◦ , and 60 ◦ , respectively. The corresponding maximum temperature drops were 13.1 ◦ C, 12.9 ◦ C, and 8.5 ◦ C.


A method for online detecting classifying traffic anomalies(ODC for short) from a network-wide angle of view was put forward.This method constructed traffic matrix with a metric of traffic feature entropy incrementally,de-tected traffic anomalies online using incremental principal component analysis,and then classified traffic anomalies online using incremental k-means,from which network operators could benefit for taking corresponding countermeasures.Theoretical analysis and experiment analysis show that the method has lower storage and less computing time complexity,which could satisfy the requirements of real-time process.Analysis based on both measurement data from Abilene and simulation experiments demonstrate that the method has very good detection and classification performance.


Summary A tissue culture assay employing Eagle's KB epidermoid carcinoma has been described which measured streptovitacin A concentrations between 0.02 and 0.25 μg/ml. Tissue culture assay measured streptovitacin A potency in crude beers and extraction preparations, in addition to crystalline material. Cycloheximide was also inhibitory to KB cells with an ID50 of 0.1 μg/ml. Standard error per ID50 determination was 15%, and per relative potency determination, 8%.


In the interest of evaluating an information-theoretic requirement for feedback control, this paper proposes a framework to synthesize a control policy that minimizes Massey's directed information from the state sequence to the control sequence while attaining required Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control performance. Interpretation and significance of this framework is discussed in the context of networked control theory. As the main result, we show that an optimal control policy can be realized by an attractively simple three-stage decision architecture comprising (1) a linear sensor with additive Gaussian noise, (2) a Kalman filter, and (3) a certainty equivalence controller. This result suggests an integration of two separation principles previously known in the literature: the filter-controller separation principle in the LQG control theory, and the sensorfilter separation principle in zero-delay rate-distortion theory for Gauss-Markov sources. It is also shown that an optimal policy can be synthesized by semidefinite programming (SDP). Both time-varying finite-horizon problems and time-invariant infinitehorizon problems are considered. Our results can be viewed as a generalization of the data-rate theorem for mean-square stability by Nair & Evans, extended for a control performance analysis.


Serum levels were determined Total and Direct Bilirubin, by Sex and Work Time in workers exposed to footwear synthetic adhesives in the District of Porvenir Indoamerica Sector - January 2010. To comply with this objective was made collection of data, which were searched in the target population, the relevant survey, the sampling for biochemical determinations, and performed the analysis of the results. Found that of all workers surveyed, 75% with normal values of Total Bilirubin, of which 23% were females and 52% male, and 25% had high levels of Total Bilirubin, of which 5 % were females and 20% male. In turn, this 25%, 27% are people who have been laboring from 1 to 10 years, 67% of people who have been laboring among 11 to 20 years and another 6% from 21 years onwards. Also, it was found that 73% showed normal Direct Bilirubin, of which 27% were females and 46% male, and 27% had elevated Direct Bilirubin, of which 2 % were females and 25% male. In turn, these 27%, 94% are people who have been laboring among 11 to 20 years and another 6% of 21 years and older. It was concluded that the shoe workers exposed to synthetic adhesives are more prone to liver damage, and this is related more to those with a longer work. Also hepatotoxicity was not influenced by gender


The emergence of an attractive vacuum force (Casimir force) between two purely dielectric materials can lead to an increase in the friction and the stiction effects in nanoscale devices, resulting in degradation or decreased performance. Thus, it is of high practical importance that the conditions for the reversal of the Casimir force from attractive to repulsive are identified. Although the repulsive Casimir force has been considered for high dielectric materials as an intermediate (between the plates) medium, so far no realistic system has been proposed that can demonstrate quantum levitation with air/vacuum as a host medium. Since air is the natural environment for almost all nanoand microscopic devices, it is therefore imperative to seek a better understanding of the nature of the Casimir force under such ambient conditions. In this thesis, the conditions for achieving quantum levitation at an arbitrary temperature are investigated by considering a simple configuration consisting of two parallel plates separated by air. The proposed parallel-plate designs are based on artificial nano-engineered electromagnetic materials commonly referred to as the electromagnetic metamaterials. In the case of an ideal system consisting of non-dispersive plates, we have uncovered the existence of six universal Casimir force types. We have also derived an explicit necessary condition for Casimir force reversal as a function of the non-retarded specular functions of the plates. By introducing a modification of the Lifshitz theory, we have performed an extensive investigation of the Casimir force for general dispersive magneto-dielectric plates. Simple necessary and sufficient conditions for force reversal have been derived that can serve as a useful tool in designing quantum levitation systems. Based on the sufficient condition, the complete parametric domain for the Casimir force repulsion has been identified. A strongly magnetic response for at least one of the plates is required to achieve quantum levitation with the air as an intermediate medium. To achieve magnetism at high frequencies, we have considered three potential metamaterial designs based on the split ring resonators (SRRs), the parallel-wires, and the Ni-polystyrene nanocomposites. The SRRs and the parallel-wires composites are "diamagnetic", whereas the Ni-polystyrene nanocomposites are paramagnetic in nature. By combining the above paraand diamagnetic metamaterial plates, we have demonstrated practically feasible designs of a quantum levitation system. If successfully implemented, the proposed designs could find applications in the frictionless bio-fluid transport devices, the micro and nano-accelerators, and as the coatings for an ultra-clean room environment. APPROVAL FOR SCHOLARLY DISSEMINATION The author grants to the Prescott Memorial Library of Louisiana Tech University the right to reproduce, by appropriate methods, upon request, any or all portions of this Dissertation. It is understood that "proper request" consists of the agreement, on the part of the requesting party, that said reproduction is for his personal use and that subsequent reproduction will not occur without written approval of the author of this Dissertation. Further, any portions of the Dissertation used in books, papers, and other works must be appropriately referenced to this Dissertation. Finally, the author of this Dissertation reserves the right to publish freely, in the literature, at any time, any or all portions of this Dissertations.


ABSTRACT Optical detection of horizontally polarized light is widespread among aquatic insects. This process usually occurs in the UV or blue spectral ranges. Recently, it was demonstrated that at least one collembolan species, the water springtail (Podura aquatica) also possesses positive polarotaxis to horizontally polarized light. These hexapods are positively phototactic, live on the surface of calm waters and usually accumulate close to the riparian vegetation. In laboratory experiments, we measured the wavelength dependence of phototaxis and polarotaxis of P. aquatica in the 346–744 nm and 421–744 nm ranges, respectively. According to our results, the action spectrum of phototaxis is bimodal with two peaks in the blue (λ1=484 nm) and green-yellow (λ2=570 nm) ranges, while polarotaxis operates in the blue spectral range. For the first time, we show that collembolan polarotaxis functions in the same spectral range as the polarotaxis of many aquatic insects. We present our experiments and discuss the possible ecological significance of our findings. Summary: The hexapod Podura aquatica possesses at least two visual pigments and its polarization sensitivity functions in the shorter, blue spectral range following the tendency of polarotactic aquatic insects.


Protein structure prediction is a long‐standing problem in molecular biology. Due to lack of an accurate energy function, it is often difficult to know whether the sampling algorithm or the energy function is the most important factor for failure of locating near‐native conformations of proteins. This article examines the size dependence of sampling effectiveness by using a perfect "energy function": the root‐mean‐squared distance from the target native structure. Using protein targets up to 460 residues from critical assessment of structure prediction techniques (CASP11, 2014), we show that the accuracy of near native structures sampled is relatively independent of protein sizes but strongly depends on the errors of predicted torsion angles. Even with 40% out‐of‐range angle prediction, 2 Å or less near‐native conformation can be sampled. The result supports that the poor energy function is one of the bottlenecks of structure prediction and predicted torsion angles are useful for overcoming the bottleneck by restricting the sampling space in the absence of a perfect energy function. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Carotenoid is a group of pigments naturally present in vegetal raw materials that have biological properties. These pigments have been used mainly in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Currently, the industrial production is executed through chemical synthesis, but natural alternatives of carotenoid production/attainment are in development. The carotenoid extraction occurs generally with vegetal oil and organic solvents, but supercritical technology is an alternative technique to the recovery of these compounds, presenting many advantages when compared to conventional process. Brazil has an ample diversity of vegetal sources inadequately investigated and, then, a major development of optimization and validation of carotenoid production/attainment methods is necessary, so that the benefits of these pigments can be delivered to the consumer.


An investigation was made of minimum-separable visual acuity of rhesus monkeys as a function of aging and exposure to x rays, as a continuation of earlier experiments which reported deficits in minimum-separable visual acuity of monkeys that had been exposed to large doses of mixed neutron and y radiation (1100 r) 7 yr earlier. Three groups of five monkeys each were used, consisting of an aged irradiated group, an aged non-irradiated group, and a young nonirradiated group. The stimuli consisted of a complete circle paired with a broken circle which had 10 successively more difficult stages. The broken circle had forms varying from a circle with a 180% break to a circle with a 0.5% break. Training was divided into three phases: preliminary training, generalization training, and acuity training. The results showed that the young monkeys were able to generalize significantly better than aged monkeys; however, no significant differences in acuity or preliminary training occurred between the two groups of old subjects. There were no significant differences in performance between old irradiated and non-irradiated monkeys in preliminary training, generalization training, or acuity training. Chronic radiation effects in minimum-separable visual acuity were not detected. Evidence of the emotional effects of frustrationmore » on the production of errors at the threshold of acuity was found, and the three groups appeared to be affected differently, it being most pronounced in the young monkeys.« less


In their editorial, Mannion and Braithwaite contend that the approach to solving the problem of unsafe care, Safety I, is flawed and requires a shift in thinking to what they are calling Safety II. We have reservations as to whether by itself the shift from Safety I to Safety II is sufficient. Perhaps our failure to improve outcomes in the field of patient safety and quality lies less in our approach – Safety I vs. Safety II – and more in the lack of an agreed upon, commonly understood set of core competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) needed in its workforce. The authors explore in this commentary the need to establish core competencies as part of the pathway to professionalism for the discipline of patient safety and quality.


Abstract— A new approach to design variable IIR digital filters by using a cascade of equal firstor second-order lowpass filter sections is proposed in this paper. These sections are designed in a way that the cutoff frequency of the resulting filter can be tuned by recalculating and changing only a single parameter value. And as there is no any approximate representations of the coefficients, tuning is not limited by magnitude degradations typical to the other known methods. The necessary approximation methods for such design are developed and step-by-step procedures for their application are proposed. Then the realizations of firstand second-order filter sections, permitting independent tuning of the cutoff frequency, are discussed and design methods are derived. Other then lowpass filters are easily obtained through frequency transformations. Finally, experimental results, validating the proposed design procedures and demonstrating the superiority of the new method, are given.


Recently, the need of secondary battery application continues to increase. The secondary battery which using a liquid electrolyte was indicated had some weakness. A solid polymer electrolyte is an alternative electrolytes membrane which developed in order to replace the liquid electrolyte type. In the present study, the effect of phosphorylation on to polymer electrolyte membrane which synthesized from chitosan and lithium perchlorate salts was investigated. The effect of the component's composition respectively on the properties of polymer electrolyte, was carried out by analyzed of it's characterization such as functional groups, ion conductivity, and thermal properties. The mechanical properties i.e tensile resistance and the morphology structure of membrane surface were determined. The phosphorylation processing of polymer electrolyte membrane of chitosan and lithium perchlorate was conducted by immersing with phosphoric acid for 2 hours, and then irradiated on a microwave for 60 seconds. The degree o...


DOI:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000217 It has been well over 20 years since Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology devoted a section of the journal to family planning or abortion care (Family Planning Section, Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, December 1994, 483–573). Indeed, the last 2 decades have seen remarkable changes and advances in both the 'hardware' (the contraceptive/ abortion technologies themselves) and 'software' (programmatic, service delivery) domains of this arena of endeavor. The articles presented in this section are superb standalone reviews of several specific research and program areas within these domains and provide the reader with an excellent update of current science and practice. In the article by Gaffield et al. (pp. 451–459), a brief history of the medical eligibility criteria (MEC) for contraceptive service delivery of the WHO is presented. Not yet in existence when the last family planning section of this journal appeared, the MEC have had tremendous worldwide impact on service delivery standards and guidelines and have, essentially, created a 'one world' level of consistency in family planning eligibility criteria both at the level of ministries of health and among the various nongovernment organizations that provide a significant amount of the family planning programming worldwide. The historical information presented here also serves to provide the reader with an overview of how the family planning evidence base has been harnessed for good over the last 20 years. Another area not generally on the radar in 1992 relates to postpartum family planning, specifically the provision of contraceptives immediately after birth, before the patient even leaves the delivery room. Postpartum provision of intrauterine devices (PPIUD) has become an area of increasing programmatic and technical interest globally. Goldthwaite and Shaw (pp. 460–464) summarize current technical and programmatic advances in the domain of postpartum family planning. On the technical side, they mention the development of a dedicated inserter for use specifically in the postpartum setting. Ultimately, this could improve the convenience and access to PPIUD services. On the programmatic side, they present salient data on


In Indonesia, the majority of the population is Muslim. Therefore, product development with the existence of a new sharia insurance principle, namely sharia, is in great demand by the public because every program offered by sharia insurance services provides a guarantee against anything that is not desired by the community. . Like illness, accident, death and other things.


This paper describes an implementation of multi-layer techniques using the network infrastructure provided by FEDERICA, PASITO and OneLab projects. FEDERICA project provides a network infrastructure, based on virtualization capabilities in both network and computing resources, which creates custom-made virtual environments. PASITO is a layer-2 network that connects universities and research centers in Spain. OneLab measurements tools allow carrying out high-accuracy active network measurements. Thanks to FEDERICA and PASITO, we have a multi-layer architecture where the traffic is routed based on the measurements of OneLab equipment. To carry out this experiment, we have developed a Multi-layer Traffic Engineering manager and an implementation of the Path Computation Element Protocol to solve the lack of a control plane in IP oriented networks. This work shows the feasibility of multi-layer techniques as a convenient solution for network operators and it validates our Path Computation Element implementation.


Fine-grained entity typing is important to tasks like relation extraction and knowledge base construction. We find however, that fine-grained entity typing systems perform poorly on general entities (e.g. "ex-president") as compared to named entities (e.g. "Barack Obama"). This is due to a lack of general entities in existing training data sets. We show that this problem can be mitigated by automatically generating training data from WordNets. We use a German WordNet equivalent, GermaNet, to automatically generate training data for German general entity typing. We use this data to supplement named entity data to train a neural fine-grained entity typing system. This leads to a 10% improvement in accuracy of the prediction of level 1 FIGER types for German general entities, while decreasing named entity type prediction accuracy by only 1%.


Often, when I tell someone that I've met for the first time that I teach writing, I'm met with an incredulous stare. "What kind of writing?" they invariably ask. I often find this hard to answer succinctly and so give the very vague answer, "Oh, all kinds." This will nearly always engender another question about where I teach, and when I tell someone who is not familiar with a contemporary academic environment that I teach writing at a university they find it almost impossible to imagine. "How do you do that?" they reply with a dismayed look on their face and I know I have touched a fearful place in them, a place where dreams can easily be shattered. That most people have a book inside them is a common notion that contributes greatly to the naturalisation of the ability to write and often a denial of the craft in writing. It's generally accepted that people need to learn how to become painters, sculptors, dancers or photographers for instance, but nearly everyone feels they can and do write. As if the level of literacy achieved at school is enough to write a novel. Many even dream of the day a book will simply fall out of them onto the pages.


Disparate inspection strategies have given way to various approaches for verifying post-OPC designs for manufacturing. However, a new paradigm has emerged in design verification that moves OPC verification from the design plane to the wafer plane, where it really matters. KLA-Tencor's DesignScan system inspects the OPC decorated design by simulating how the design will be transferred to the reticle layer and how that reticle will be imaged into resist across the full focus-exposure calibration window. Building on this paradigm is a new methodology on process window monitoring for OPC databases using DesignScan and report results for a chip. This methodology will be explored in this article, along with new applications in areas such as reticle target CD specification.


In reading recent dermatologic literature, one is impressed by the trend away from the concept and teachings of Hebra, who considered that the skin picture itself was the essential feature in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the skin. In this specialty, as in other branches of medicine, the recent advances in the fundamental sciences and the improvement in laboratory and clinical methods have resulted in an approach which emphasizes the modern concept that external appearances are not the only criteria. Every condition of the skin must be analyzed and investigated from an internal point of view as well, as these external appearances may, in a large measure, be manifestations of systemic disturbance. The part played by the glands of internal secretion in the production of pathologic changes of the skin has been interpreted from various points of view, ranging from those who claim, like a recent writer,1


Atmospheric pressure microwave discharge methods and devices used for producing non-thermal plasmas for control of gaseous pollutants are described in this paper. The main part of the paper is concerned with microwave torch discharges (MTDs). Results of laboratory experiments on plasma abatement of several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their mixtures with either synthetic air or nitrogen in low (∼100 W) and moderate (200–400 W) microwave torch plasmas at atmospheric pressure are presented. Three types of MTD generators, i.e. low-power coaxial-line-based MTDs, moderate-power waveguide-based coaxial-line MTDs and moderate-power waveguide-based MTDs were used. The gas flow rate and microwave (2.45 GHz) power delivered to the discharge were in the range of 1–3 litre min−1 and 100–400 W, respectively. The concentrations of the processed gaseous pollutants were from several to several tens of per cent. The results showed that the MTD plasmas fully decomposed the VOCs at a relatively low energy cost. The energy efficiency of decomposition of several gaseous pollutants reached 1000 g (kW-h)−1. This suggests that MTD plasmas can be useful tools for decomposition of highly concentrated VOCs.


Objective : The purpose of the study is to examine vocal fold closure in fasting subjects using frame by frame analysis. Subjects and Methods : Twenty-two male subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects were evaluated while fasting and non fasting. Frame by frame analysis of at least three glottic cycles was performed and reported as a mean closed quotient. The degree of phonatory effort and vocal fatigue was also reported. Results : The mean closed quotient for all subjects while non fasting was 0.427 ± 0.098 and while fasting 0.441 ± 0.073, with no significant difference between the two (p value 0.417). There was a significant increase in the phonatory effort while fasting (0.23 non fasting vs. 0.77 fasting, p value 0.036). Conclusion: There is no change in the mean closed quotient in male subjects while fasting. However, most subjects exhibit a significant increase in


Hydroxyphenyl)benzene sulfinate (HPB- Si) desulfinase (TdsB), which catalyzes the final step of desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT), was purified from a thermophilic DBT- and benzothiophene (BT)- desulfurizing bacterium: Paenibacillus sp. strain A11-2. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 31 kDa and 39 kDa by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, suggest- ing a monomeric structure. The optimal temperature and pH for the reaction involving TdsB was 55�C and the enzyme was more resistant to heat treatment than DszB, a counterpart purified from Rhodococcus erythropolis. The optimum pH for TdsB activity was pH 8. TdsB converted HPBSi to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) and sulfite stoi- chiometrically. The Km and kcat values for HPBSi were 0.33 mM and 0.32 s �1 , respectively. TdsB was inactivated by SH reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and 5,5 0 -dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, but was not inhibited by chelating reagents such as EDTA and o-phenanthro- line. TdsB was also inhibited by o-hydroxystyrene, the final desulfurized product of BT. However, 2-HBP and its derivatives showed only a weak inhibitory effect. TdsB desulfurized 2-(2 0 -hydroxyphenyl)ethen-1-sulfinate to yield o-hydroxystyrene, but DszB could not. A site- directed mutagenesis study revealed the cysteine residue at position 17 to be essential to the catalytic activity of TdsB.


s This study was made to evaluate the watery extract both hot and cold of Glycyrrhiza Glabra root on the growing of Candida albicans comparing with Nystatin and Clotrimazol .both cold and hot extract shows inhibitory effect with significant value on (P<0.05) on the growing of Candida albicans comparing with distal water and Nystatin in which the yeast was resistant to that drug . The hot extract in concentration (200 mg/ml) more effective than Clotrimazole , while the cold watery extract did not show the same effect . The hot watery extract was more effective than the cold one .The average of inhibition zone for the first extract on the concentration 50,100,150,200 mg/ml were 11.2,14.6,17.1,21.5 mm, while the average of inhibition zone for the second extract at the same concentrations as following 9.3,21.1,16.6,17.7 mm ,the results shows that the watery extract of Glycyrrhiza Glabra root can be use as an antifungal in the infection with Candida albicans ةصلاخلا رتمم ىتل رتسلا اتبم رراتجل دراتبلا ًااتملار راتحلا ًااتملا الياتسملا رٌساتا راتٌبل ةتساردلا لاتذ تٌرجا رٌٌرتتتط لا رٌداتتتلملا تتتم ةتتتمراقملاب ءاتتتلٌبلا ةتتتلٌبملا مرتتتٌمي Nystatin ر Clotrimazole رتتتهظا ، م اتٌطٌبسا ارٌساتا رتسلا اتبم رراتجل درابلا ًااملار راحلا ًااملا راصلياسملا اتٌرمع (P<0.05) رتمم ىتل يرتط لا داتلملار رتطقملا ءاتملا تم ةتمراقملاب ءاتلٌبلا ةتلٌبملا مرتٌمي Nystatin مرتٌميلا تماك ياتلار زٌكراب( راحلا ًااملا الياسملا راك امك .هل ةمراقم 022 اتٌرمعم ات كا )تم/مغلم (P<0.05) داتلملا رتم يرتتط لا Clotrimazole هتتس م زتتٌكرالا رتتهظٌ متتل رٌتتح ًتتف ، رتت لا ااتتذ )تتسم دراتتبلا ًااتتملا الياتتسملل اٌرمعم ا كا راحلا ًااملا الياسملا راك. رٌساالا ًف يرمعملا (P<0.05) ًتف دراتبلا ًااتملا الياسملا رم زتٌكارالا دتم )رلاا الياتسملل طٌتبسالا رتطر )دتعم راتك اا. مرٌميلا رمم طٌبسا 50 ر 100 ر 150 ر 200


PASSIVE ASSUMPTION of the upright posture or prolonged quiet standing may cause decreased cardiac output of variable duration. 1-5 This in turn may lead to inadequate perfusion and cerebral or myocardial ischemia or infarction, with or without thrombosis. 3, 5-7 Prolonged cerebral ischemia, convulsions, and even death might follow if an individual were held in the upright position after a loss of consciousness so produced. 5, 6,8 The risks of causing such complications using the techniques of tilt table electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) are so well substantiated that the method is used for investigative purposes or special cases only. Little stress has been placed upon the liability of causing such a major complication by tilting the immobile patient on the x-ray table during routine myelography. It is the purpose of this paper to report a case of successfully treated cardiac arrest in a patient who was passively moved into


This article presents findings of the comprehensive study of Chinese mirrors with inscriptions unearthed from the early Iron Age burial complexes of Korea and Japan and the search for their closest analogies. An analysis of the morphological features of these objects and the content of the inscriptions allows us to attribute them to four main types: mirrors with inscriptions containing the characters jia chang fu gui, riguang, zhaoming and qingbai. Similar mirrors were widespread in Han China from the middle of the 2nd century BC to the end of the 1st century AD. They also became widespread throughout Eurasia, including the territory from Ukraine in the west to Japan in the east, from Western Siberia in the north to Central Vietnam in the south. The identity of the ornamentation and inscriptions of mirrors from different regions suggests that they all were produced in a limited number of centres located within the borders of Han China and spread across the territory of Eurasia along the routes of the Great Silk Road, which ran mainly along the steppe belt to the west and along sea routes to the east and southeast of the continent and to nearby islands. On the territory of Korea and Japan these mirrors might serve as amulets and markers of high social status, the inscriptions themselves, most likely, were not clear to the majority of the ancient inhabitants of this territory, since hieroglyphic writing became widespread in Korea and Japan only in the 6th – 7th centuries.


The Rhodes grass scale, Antonina graminis (Mask.) is a pest of major importance on many grasses in Texas. It is known to attack seventy-four species of grasses, and is a limiting factor in the production of pasture forage. Some of the more favored hosts are grasses used in the improved pasture program and as turf on lawns and municipal areas.


In this paper, we consider extended general variational inequalities involving nonlinear operators. Using projection operator technique, we show that extended gen- eral variational inequality is equivalent to a fixed point problem. Using this alternative equivalent formulation, we propose and analyze some new algorithms for solving extended general variational inequalities and its variant forms. The convergence of new methods are discussed under some suitable conditions. Several special cases are discussed. Results obtained in this paper continue to hold for these problems.


In t his paper, a m ethod for s olving l inear system of Volterra integral e quation of the second kind numerically presented based on M onte-Carlo techniques. Numerical examples illustrate t he p ertinent features of the method with the proposed s ystem.


Through scoring vulnerabilities according to their risks, mastering statuses of vulnerabilities, security managers could adjust the configuration for computer security in time and give repair methods to different vulnerabilities flexibly. Since scoring vulnerabilities is significant for evaluating and repairing vulnerabilities, this paper presents a vulnerability scoring mechanism based on CVSS by analyzing advantages and disadvantages of CVSS and comparing with some improved CVSS-based methods. Our improved scoring mechanism makes the vulnerability evaluating more exactly and effectively, simplifying the process of vulnerability evaluating.


In the present thesis the optical properties and light emission features of Tb-doped amorphous AlN, SiN and SiC:H thin films are assessed. The optical characterization is focused in the determination of the bandgap, Urbach energy and Urbach focus from optical measurements. A model, based on thermal band-fluctuations, to describe the fundamental absorption overlapped with Urbach tails is developed. Thenceforth, an analysis of the existence and meaning of the Urbach focus is performed and contrasted with the latter model. One of the main results in this part is the capability of aforementioned model to distinguish the Urbach and Tauc regions of the absorption coefficient. In this matter, a-SiC:H thin films grown with distinct hydrogen dilution conditions exhibited an uncorrelated bandgap with the Urbach energy when using this model, contrary to what is typically observed after applying the Tauc model. The light emission features analysis is concerned with the thermal activation process that rare earth ions suffer when annealing the samples. The effect of the annealing temperature, sample temperature and rare earth concentration on the light emission intensity is assessed under photon and electron excitation sources. A rate equation model is used to fit the overall Tb-related intensity of a-SiC:H:Tb3+ versus the Tb concentration after different annealing temperatures. An activation energy associated to the thermal activation is recovered. Finally, in the case of a-SiC:H:Tb3+ a diminution of the concentration quenching effect is observed suggesting an additional mechanism to enhance the Tb-related light emission intensity.


A B S TR A C T A total of fifteen male rabbits of mixed breeds, aged between 4-5 months and weighed 1.5–1.7Kg were used in this experiment to determine the effect of oral administration of alcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris (Tt) on male fertility parameters. The rabbits were randomly allocated into 3 groups, the 1st and 2nd experimental groups were treatment orally with alcoholic extract of Tt in a dose of 75mg/kg/day or 150mg/kg/day respectively, the 3rd groups considered as a control groups and administrated distal water daily. Feed and water were served ad libitum throughout the period of 40 experimental days. At the end of the experiment, the male rabbit's weight and blood samples were taken by heart puncture. Sera were separated, kept at -20°C until using to determine the testosterone value of bucks, then slaughtering male rabbits and the pairs of testes were carefully dissected and transported into normal saline. The weight of testis and epididymis were measured, and the caudal spermatozoa were evaluated. Result showed a significant (P< 0.05) effect of alcoholic extract at a dose of 75mg/kg/day and 150mg/kg/day on body weight, testicular weight, level of testosterone and sperm characteristics when compared with control group. This result showed that administration alcoholic extract (75mg/kg/day, 150mg/kg/day) increased fertility parameters in male rabbits, the dose of 150mg/kg/day gave best effect on fertility parameter in male rabbits.


Abstract A description of the relaxation of Young's modulus (i.e., a decrease with increasing temperature and time) for highly oriented polymers is suggested and expressed by the equation where T is the absolute temperature, E is Young's modulus, E0 is its value at T → 0, k is the Boltzmann constant, W0 is the activation energy of the relaxation of Young's modulus, v is the rate of elastic deformation, and v0 is a constant. It was found that v0 = (1012-1014) Hz and that W0 coincides numerically with the activation energy of mechanical fracture determined from the temperature-time dependences of tensile strength. On the basis of these facts it was concluded that the relaxation of Young's modulus and the failure strength of drawn polymers are substantially identical in nature.


There are many body metaphors both in English and Chinese. The difference of English and Chineseculture and history results in the difference of cognitive style. This article probes into the cognitive paths of trans-lation from the perspective of Chinese and Western cognitive approach to body metaphors and through the combi-nation of people's embodied experience of the reality, so as to enable the readers of target language to generatethe same reaction with the readers of source language to the greatest extent.


The past 25 years have witnessed an explosion of scientific interest in Alzheimer's disease in particular and in dementing illnesses in general. In part, this upsurge of interest reflects the continued growth of the older age groups in the United States and other developed countries. It also reflects a growing appreciation of the enormous consequences of these afflicted individuals and their families. As a result, clinicians who do not specialize in dementia are faced with the daunting task of staying current with a geometrically expanding body of knowledge which as dramatically altered the landscape of the field in the past decade and which promises to become increasingly relevant to clinical practice in the decades to come. The distinguishing feature of Alzheimer's disease and the other disorders described in this volume is dementia, or global impairment of cognitive functions. This volume is intended as a bridge connecting leading behavioral neuroscientists investigating the dementias with practitioners responsible for the diagnosis and care of those afflicted. The aim of this volume, then, is to present the most current information on Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in a format that is likely to be useful to practising neuropsychologists and other clinicians involved in caring for persons with global cognitive impairments. The volume consists of 22 chapters divided into four parts. Part I addresses the principal components of Alzheimer's disease, including chapters on its neuropscychological, behavioral, and neuroanatomic features and on the demarcation between Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Part II details the neuropsychological features of other dementia syndromes which may be confused with Alzheimer's disease. These chapters are intended to provide the clinical, neurophysical, and epidemiological information pertinent to differential diagnosis. Specific issues regarding pathophysiology and managemanent are also addressed. Part III details recent developments in brain imaging as they relate to dementia. Part IV addresses psychosocial, pharmacological, and legal/ethical issues pertinent to the care of the persons with Alzheimers's disease. The volume wil be a useful guide and sourcebook for clinicians who face the considerable challenge of improving the quality of life of those afflicted with these devastating disorders.


Previous research suggests that people in close relationships with depressed others are at heightened risk for developing depression themselves. This phenomenon has been termed contagious depression. The purpose of the current investigation was twofold: (1) to more rigorously test a direct contagion model by controlling for concurrent relationship satisfaction, and (2) to examine reassurance-seeking as a potential moderator of contagion. Undergraduate dating couples (N = 105) completed measures of depression, relationship satisfaction, and reassurance-seeking tendencies. Results suggested a significant correspondence between partners' levels of depressive symptoms, even after controlling for relationship satisfaction. Further, reassurance-seeking tendencies moderated contagion within couples. That is, high reassurance-seeking target individuals were more vulnerable to contagion via their partners than low reassurance-seeking targets. Directions for future research are discussed.


Machine learning models for sequence learning and processing often suffer from high energy consumption and require large amounts of training data. The brain presents more efficient solutions to how these types of tasks can be solved. While this has inspired the conception of novel brain-inspired algorithms, their realizations remain constrained to conventional von-Neumann machines. Therefore, the potential power efficiency of the algorithm cannot be exploited due to the inherent memory bottleneck of the computing architecture. Therefore, we present in this paper a dedicated hardware implementation of a biologically plausible version of the Temporal Memory component of the Hierarchical Temporal Memory concept. Our implementation is built on a memristive crossbar array and is the result of a hardware-algorithm co-design process. Rather than using the memristive devices solely for data storage, our approach leverages their specific switching dynamics to propose a formulation of the peripheral circuitry, resulting in a more efficient design. By combining a brain-like algorithm with emerging non-volatile memristive device technology we strive for maximum energy efficiency. We present simulation results on the training of complex high-order sequences and discuss how the system is able to predict in a context-dependent manner. Finally, we investigate the energy consumption during the training and conclude with a discussion of scaling prospects.


Objective To demonstrate the changes of function and ultrastructure of gastric parietal cells during of stress ulcer in rats. Methods Forty SD rats were divided into normal, stress,and 24h, 48h, 72h post-stress groups. Water immersion-restraint stress ( WRS )model in SD rats was performed. The pH value of gastric juice, ulcer index ( UI ) of gastric mucosa,and H +,K +-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells were measured. The histologicalchanges of gastric mucosa and ultrastructure of parietal cells were observed. Results Compared with stress group, the pH value increased significantly (P 0.01 ).UI and H +,K +-ATPase activity decreased ( P 0.01 and 0.05 ) at 24h, 48h and 72h groups after stress. Gradual healing of stress ulcer was observed and ultrastructure of parietal cells recovered to restingstate under TEM.Conclusion The recovery of acid secretion function of parietal cells is in accordance with its ultrastructure change during healing of stress ulcer in rats. These findings suggests that gastric acid may play an important role in the healing of stress ulcer.


The invention relates to a defense drone for repelling a small drone, in particular a remote-controlled helicopter, comprising: at least one motor for driving at least one propeller (2), a hull (1) connected to the engine, an effector provided on the hull (1) and a device for ejection of the effector (5).


The authors address recent developments in electronic distance learning (or e-learning) in the United States with special attention to its historical antecedents in correspondence education. Using this analytical framework they identify similarities in the ways in which American colleges, including faculty, have critically reacted to these phenomena, as well as to the peripheral location of distance education within higher education's array of programmes. This paper also details important ways in which e-learning differs from learning by correspondence, and offers predictions for the future of distance education. The authors furnish data from the first national study of distance learning in the USA, conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES). Paul Jay Edelson is Dean of the School of Professional Development and Director of the Professional Development Research Center at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. firstname.lastname@example.com . Von Pittman is Director of the Center for Distance and Independent Study at the University of Missouri-Columbia. firstname.lastname@example.com


i Acknowledgments iv Abbreviations v Table of contents vi List of figures xi List of tables xvi Chapter 1 Literature Review 1.1 General Introduction 1 1.2 Carbon 3 1.2.1 Carbon fixation 3 1.2.2 Carbohydrate reserves 4 1.2.3 Carbohydrate reserves and vine growth 6 1.3 Nitrogen 7 1.3.1 Nitrogen metabolism 7 1.3.2 Nitrogen effect on vine growth, fruit yield and quality 8 1.3.3 Nitrogen reserves 10 1.4 Cytokinin and plant growth 12 1.4.1 Structure, biological activity and synthesis of cytokinin 12 1.4.2 Degradation of cytokinin 16 1.4.3 Transport and storage of cytokinin 16 1.4.4 Cytokinin as a signal for plant growth 17 1.5 Research objectives 21 Chapter 2 General Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Overview 24 2.2. Experimental design and statistical analysis 25 2.3 Fruit analysis 26 2.4 Carbohydrate analysis 26 2.4.1. Soluble sugar analysis 27 2.4.2. Starch analysis 27 2.5 Amino acid analysis 28