Introduction Trifolium alexandrinum, commonly known as Berseem or Egyptian clover (2n=2x=16) is an important winter forage legume in India, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt and Mediterranean region. It is characterized by three ecotypes viz; Mescavi, Fahli and Saidi. Amongst these, Mescavi type is most popular. In India it is cultivated in about 2 million hectare area. The major impediment in genetic improvement of berseem is the lack of appreciable genetic variability (Verma and Mishra, 1995; Roy et al., 2004; Malaviya et al., 2005). Although limited, variability for desirable traits at intraspecific (T. alexandrinum var Fahli and var Saidi) has been reported, considerable variability exists at interspecific level. Affinity of T. alexandrinum was tested with different wild Trifolium species (Malaviya et al., 2005) and was successfully hybridized with T. apertum for transfer of desirable traits such as late maturity and root rot resistance (Malaviya et al., 2004). In the segregating population of the cross, novel morphological traits such as black seed coat colour were also observed (Malaviya et al., 2012). T. alexandrinum var Fahli is single cut type and has several desirable characteristics like self compatibility (even not requiring tripping), good plant height, better seed yield, apical branching, etc. For incorporation of desirable genes in the improved genepool of beseem, the study of inheritance pattern of traits under consideration is a prerequisite. Therefore, present study was undertaken to study the inheritance pattern of pentafoliate leaf, dark green colour of leaf, black seed coat colour and regeneration capacity.


SUMMARY Geminiano Grimelli of Modena had, from 1839, experimented with ether anaesthesia in both warm- and cold-blooded animals, and had even predicted its use for surgical operations in man. While he was drawing up his observations on the subject, he was informed of a successful case of ether anaesthesia in man, communicated by Charles T. Jackson to the Academy of Sciences in Paris; he therefore dedicated his book to the American scientist, with whom he had also a short exchange of letters on the subject.


Electrical machine (10), in particular for motor adjusting movable parts in a motor vehicle, as well as methods for producing an electrical machine (10), comprising a housing part (16), in which is arranged a printed circuit board (20) for the electrical control of the electrical machine (10) , wherein in the housing part (16) at least one centering pin (44) is arranged, which engages in a centering opening (45) of the printed circuit board (20), wherein the centering pin (44) at its free end (46) to plastically is converted into a retaining head (56).


Following an outbreak involving 3 cases of serogroup B meningococcal disease in a rural part of Western Norway, 2 clinical and 99 carrier isolates of Neisseria meningitidis were examined by small‐fragment restriction endonuclease analysis (SF‐REA) using EcoRI, to determine its potential for strain differentiation. SF‐REA characterized all isolates and provided reproducible results with acceptable inter‐clonal differentiation. The results of SF‐REA correlated well with those of serological typing and were used to determine clonal diversity and prevalence of invasive strains among the carrier isolates. SF‐REA was also useful in demonstrating acquisition of a new carrier strain after eradication of the initial strain by ofloxacin. Thirty‐one different restriction patterns/pattern complexes were recognized among the 101 isolates. The two clinical isolates had identical restriction patterns and showed 5:90% similarity to those of six carrier isolates. In three out of six apparent treatment failures, successful eradication of the original strain by ofloxacin was demonstrated by SF‐REA. SF‐REA proved valuable in strain differentiation of Neisseria meningitidis, complemented serology, and characterized all isolates which could not be typified by serology.


A method and an apparatus for providing a panorama image are provided to realize a normal panorama image and stitch two or more sheets of images by correcting geometric information related to tilting and warping. A source image, which is photographed by a camera, and position vectors for respective pixels of the source image are received(S610). A conversion matrix is created, wherein the conversion matrix is configured to tilt the position vectors of the source image based on tilting angles and bending angles of the source image, a parameter matrix of the camera, and a position correcting matrix. Tilting vectors for the position vectors of the source image are obtained from the conversion matrix, and then the source image is geometrically tilted through the tilting vectors(S620).


Coalbed Methane has attracted the attention of fuel technologists, scientists and policy makers. Authors have investigated technological parameters of borehole coal samples to estimate the potentiality of coalbed methane of selected seams of East and West Bokaro coalfields. Selected coal seams belong to Barakar Formation and they occur at various depths ranging from 143m to 1331m. The technological properties, viz. moisture (W a ), volatile matter (VM daf ), ash (A d ) , fixed carbon (FC) and fuel ratio (FR) vary in the range of 0.35 (cid:150) 1.61, 20.87-36.59, 13.85- 65.68, 18.72 (cid:150) 63.47 wt% and 1.15 -3.79 respectively. Elemental composition of coal samples, viz. carbon (C daf ), hydrogen (H daf ), nitrogen (N daf ), sulfur (S daf ) and oxygen (O daf ) content were determined. C daf and H daf were placed in the range of 53.64 (cid:150) 89.38 and 4.13 -5.89 wt % respectively. The borehole samples appear to be subbituminous to bituminous rank. Vitrinite (Vt mmf ), liptinite (L mmf ) and inertinite (I mmf ) exhibit their presence in the range of 28.39 (cid:150) 63.97, 1.79 (cid:150) 5.13 and 38.01 (cid:150) 74.87 vol % respectively. The vitrinite maceral group was differentiated into collotelinite,


We show the three-loop calculation of the matching coefficients $\mathcal{C}_J$ for the four heavy flavor-changing currents in nonrelativistic Quantum Chromodynamics effective theory and confirm the surprising observation of the nonconvergence behaviors of the matching coefficients for beauty-charm mesons. We demonstrate that the higher-order correction to the wave function at origin can solve the nonconvergence problem. By employing the scaling relation, we simultaneously obtain the decay constants for beauty-charm mesons up to the three-loop accuracy and the hyperfine mass splitting in agreement with the experimental data. The perturbative predictions for the leptonic decays of the beauty-charm mesons shall provide a guide in ongoing and future precision heavy flavor experiments.


This paper investigates HIV-positive mothers' compliance to medical advice in order to reduce the risk of passing HIV from mother to infant during the complementary feeding period. A qualitative study was carried out in Manhiça and Namaacha rural districts of Maputo province. The study consisted of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions with HIV-positive mothers recruited at the healthcare facilities, and semi-structured interviews with nurses. We used Bourdieu's theory of practice as a guideline framework to identify factors influencing HIV-positive mothers on compliance to medical advice. Five themes were identified: i) adherence to postnatal visits; ii) introduction of complementary food; iii) cessation of breastfeeding, iv) adherence to antiretroviral therapy; and v) adherence to contraceptive methods. Findings show participants complied with some recommended medical advice such as adherence to postnatal and child at risk clinic visits, and lifelong antiretroviral therapy as they perceived these recommendations as beneficial. However, participants often introduced complementary food before the recommended six months. As well, they often introduced inadequate complementary food due to lack of knowledge, poor economic conditions and, social and cultural norms. Furthermore, a considerable number of participants stopped breastfeeding at six months, while others continued with it after introducing complementary food. Participants did not adhere to the recommendations about contraceptive dual method use due to a lack of decision-making power. In conclusion, participants did not comply with some of the recommended medical advice due to multiple factors, including individual and collective perceptions, inadequate advice from the healthcare providers and the family and the complexity of breastfeeding policy. This study recommends that all healthcare providers should be trained in a new protocol to ensure that mothers receive the same advice, and that partners and mothers-in-law should also be included in health education to ensure they support mothers during breastfeeding.


To cultivate applied talents with high-quality and high-skill is the goal which all the higher vocational colleges purses.Phisical education(PE),a compulsary course,is an important part of higher vocational education.This paper,focusing on improving the students' employable ability,explores the mechanism for the relationship between PE teaching and vocational skills cultivating,in order to enhance the theoretical level of vocational education and enrich the research of it.


People today live in a world of rapid technological change,
 that evolves from people themselves: change influences both individuals
 and organizations and the greater the implications and results of change
 - the greater the resistance to it. Organizations have to be aware of
 the tried behavioural science techniques and methods of handling change,
 in order to implement it successfully. This also includes the South
 African Defence Force.


Abstract A multilevel, global, primitive equation model is used to examine the nonlinear development of baroclinic waves (confined initially to a single zonal wavenumber) on a symmetric zonal flow. The focus is on the influence of highly simplified surface drag and thermal damping on the evolution of the flow beyond an initial eddy life cycle. Without surface drag and thermal damping and with relatively weak internal diffusion, it is found that multiple life cycles occur in the evolution to an essentially wave-free state. With stronger diffusion, only a single life cycle characterized by baroclinic growth and barotropic decay is obtained. The life cycles that follow the initial cycle with weak diffusion are strongly barotropic, entailing barotropic growth and decay. The episodes of barotropic growth are associated with wave radiation, wave breaking, and overreflection on the equatorward flanks of the jet near a critical surface. With strong diffusion, the potential vorticity mixing associated with the bre...


Today, there is an increasing availability of human body 3D data and an increasing number of anthropometric owners. This is due to the fact of the progressive conduction of large national surveys using high resolution 3D scanners and due to the increasing number of low-cost technologies for acquiring body shape with electronic consumer devices like webcams, smartphones or Kinect. However, the commercial use and exploitation in industry of digital anthropometric data is still limited to the use of 1D measurements extracted from this vast 3D information. There is a lack of universal resources enabling: to conjointly use and analyse datasets regardless from the source or type of scanning technology used, the flexible measurement extraction beyond pre-defined sets, and the analysis of the information contained in human shapes. This paper presents four software tool solutions aimed at addressing different user profiles and needs regarding the use and exploitation of the increasing number of 3D anthropometric data


BACKGROUND: Communities have been involved in adverse health factors at any point in time and have sought to improve community health and quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study is to investigate the condition of physical and mental health and the relation between the two variables with each other in the operating room of hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 192 staff of operating rooms of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data for the study were collected through the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the General Lifestyle Questionnaire (GLQ). RESULTS: Analyzing the results, the mean total scores of lifestyle and mental health were 333.93 ± 42.91 and 39.24 ± 12.59, respectively. In addition, the correlation coefficient between the total lifestyle and mental health scores was -0.411. CONCLUSION: Since the operating room is the most sensitive part of any hospital and the so-called heart of the hospital, special attention should be paid to staff working in this department, as any disruption to the operating room staff is not only harmful to them. Rather, it has many detrimental effects on patients and the health system. Therefore, given the stressful environment of the operating room, managers should promote operating room programs focused on reducing stress and by conducting classes and training sessions, improve the mental and physical health of the operating room personnel.


This paper deals with the optimization of technical indicators for stock market investment. Price prediction is a problem of great complexity and usually some technical indicators are used to predict the markets trends. The main difficulty in the use of technical indicators lies in deciding the parameters values. We proposed the use of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) to obtain the best parameter values belonging to a collection of indicators that will help in the buying and selling of shares. This paper extends the work presented on previous works by including additional indicators and applying them to more complex problems. In this way the Moving Averages Convergence-Divergence (MACD) indicator and the Relative Strength Index (RSI) oscillator have been selected to obtain the buying/selling signals. The experimental results indicate that our EAs offer a solution to the problem obtaining results that improve those obtained through technical indicators with their standard parameters.


A field experiment was conducted at Tendaho Sugar Factory in Ethiopia to determine economic rate of nitrogen and phosphorus for soybean-sugarcane intercropping. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Germination percentage, plant population and yield were collected for soybean. Stalk number and weight data were collected for sugarcane at the age of 8 and 14 months, respectively. Cane yield, estimated recoverable sucrose (ERS), sugar yield, and juice quality parameters such as brix (%), pol (%), and purity (%) were also determined. The soil analysis result indicated that soil of the study site was clay in texture with high pH values at the surface and subsurface layers. Moreover, the soil was low in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorous. Analysis of the variance revealed that germination percentage, plant population and yield of soybean were highly significant (p<0.01). Stalk number and weight, cane yield, ERS, and sugar yield were not significant. Juice quality parameters were also not significant. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was the highest, 3.52, when the intercrop fertilized with 18 kg N ha-1and 46 kg P2O5ha-1 at planting and 74 kg N ha-1at 2.5 months of cane age. However, net return (NR) and net benefit cost ratio (NBCR) were found to be the 1st and 2nd highest, respectively, when the intercrop fertilized with 18 kg N ha-1 and 46 kg P2O5ha-1 at planting (T4). Due to this treatment (T4), net return increased by 14.45% over the control (sole sugarcane without fertilizer, T8) and also cost of fertilizer reduced by 50%. It is therefore, T4, fertilizing the intercrop at rate of 18 kg N ha-1and 46 kg P2O5ha-1at planting could be the promising treatment to be recommended to Tendaho Sugar Factory.


A novel notch filter based on a composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) transmission line is proposed. The proposed CRLH transmission line is different from a conventional CRLH transmission line. The novel notch filter has a large notch depth, very small loss in the passband, and very sharp transitions at the two edges of the stop‐band. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 626–628 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.21427


This study investigated the different addition levels of iron (Fe) in growing-finishing pigs and the effect of different Fe levels on growth performance, haematological status, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal digestion. A total of 1,200 barrows and gilts [(Large White × Landrace) × Duroc]with average initial body weight (BW; 27.74 ±0.28 kg) were housed in 40 pens of 30 pigs per pen (gilts and barrows in half), blocked by body weight and gender, and fed 5 experimental diets (8 replicate pens per diet). The five experimental diets were control diet (basal diet with no FeSO4 supplementation), and the basal diet being supplemented with 150, 300, 450 or 600 mg/kg Fe as FeSO4 diets. The trial lasted for 100 days and was divided into the growing phase (27-60 kg of BW) for the first 50 days and the finishing phase (61-100 kg of BW) for the last 50 days. The basal diet was formulated with an Fe-free trace mineral premix, and contained 203.36 mg/kg total dietary Fe in the growing phase and 216.71 mg/kg in the finishing phase based on ingredient contributions. And at the end of the experiment, 8 pigs (4 barrows and4gilts) were randomly selected from each treatment (selected 1 pig per pen) for digesta, blood and intestinal samples collection. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI; P =0.025), average daily gain (ADG; P =0.020) and body weight (BW; P =0.019) increased linearly in the finishing phase of pigs fed with the diets containing Fe. On the other hand, supplementation with different Fe levels in the diet significantly increased serum iron (SI) and transferrin saturation (TAST) concentrations (P< 0.05), goblet cell numbers of duodenal villous (P<0.001) and MUC4 mRNA expression (P< 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids for pigs in the 450 and 600 mg/kg Fe groups were greater (P <0.05) than for pigs in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 450-600 mg/kg Fe improved the growth performance of pigs by changing haematological status, and enhancing intestinal goblet cell differentiation and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids.


PdSe2, a star photosensitive functional material, has been successfully used in photodetectors based on sensing mechanisms of photogating, photoconductive, and photovoltaic effects. Here, a photothermoelectric (PTE) effect is observed in photodetectors based on PdSe2 flakes grown by chemical vapor deposition. The unique photoresponse arises from an electron temperature gradient instead of electron–hole separation. Direct evidence of the PTE effect is confirmed by a nonlocal photoresponse under zero bias. Moreover, the PdSe2 photodetector shows high performance in terms of ultrafast response speed (4 µs), high air‐stability, broadband spectrum photodetection, reasonable responsivity, and anisotropic optical response. This study paves a new way for developing high‐performance photodetectors based on PdSe2 layered materials.


A major goal for studying the genetics of the reoviruses is to identify the role of each of the viral gene products in producing disease. Genetic analysis of the reoviruses has identified a crucial role for the viral hemagglutinin. In this report we will summarize the status of the genetic map of mammalian reoviruses as well as aspects of the function of reovirus hemagglutinin and its relationship to viral virulence.


The PDS microdensitormeter has a high positional repeatability but low coordinate systematic accuracy because of the errors of the PDS mechanism. To improve the PDS coordinate system, a method to determine and correct the errors of PDS coordinate system with a glass grid is developed and applied to the PDS of Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO). With the method, the coordinate systematic errors of the PDS at PMO are reduced from ± 5 microns to ± 1 micron. The results of an astrometric application confirmed the effect of the method.


Microbial lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus sp. was studied using glucose and cellulosic hydrolysate as carbon source, to realize the feasiblility of biodiesel production from high-lipid cell culture. The crude lipid contents of Debaryomyces nepalensis and Cryptococcus sp. cultured in YM Agar reached as high as 32-35 % on dry weight basis, which were higher than those of Pseudozyma spp and Moesziomyces eriocauli. Accumulation of lipids strongly depended on the C/N ratio and nitrogen concentration. The highest content of lipids was measured at a C/N ratio of 60-90 and a nitrogen concentration of 0.2% with 60-57% lipids of the dry biomass. The crude lipid contents of biomass could be increased with the addition of carbon source and adjusting the C/N ratio of the cellulosic hydrolysate-based media. Batch cultures using cellulosic hydrolysate demonstrated that there was little inhibitory effect with a reducing sugar concentration of up to 60 g/l. Batch cultures were run for 4 days and reached a dry biomass, lipid concentration, and lipid content of 12.6, 6.3 g/l, and 50.2% (w/w), respectively. The lipids from Cryptococcus sp. contained mainly long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with 16 and 18 carbon atoms. The four major constituent fatty acids were oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid. The contents of oleic acid methyl ester and linoleic acid methyl ester were 58.9 % and 7.0 %, respectively. Based on the results, microbial lipids from Cryptococcus sp. are a potential alternative oil resource for biodiesel production.


The project 'Minimising medicine use in organic dairy herds through animal health and welfare promotion' is focused on animal welfare assessment and its role in the active use of animal health plans in order to improve animal health and welfare on organic farms. To be active, a health plan requires dialogue between the farmer and those who are able to view the farm from the outside e.g. vets and advisors. The importance of this communication is the focus of this paper.

Across Europe we see highly diverse farming systems and similarly diversity in advisory systems and their approaches to communicating with farmers. One of the objectives of the AniPlan project is to develop approaches to health planning that are robust yet sufficiently adaptable to be applied across these various conditions. This will involve utilising knowledge of current approaches to communication between farmer and advisor, but also the opportunity for new ways of communication that contribute to the process of animal health and welfare promotion. Relevance to the farmer is paramount.

In this paper, three current approaches are summarised, focusing on the dialogue between farmer and 'external persons'. These are the Danish Stable Schools, the Dutch farmer study groups (where farmers participate in doing animal welfare assessment in a fellow-farmer's herd) and the Swiss pro-Q project, where there is a very active dialogue between advisors and farmers in a continuous feed-back system. Further to these descriptions, the paper summarises the results of discussions between participants at the first AniPlan workshop in Hellevad, Denmark on the subject of communication in the animal health planning process.


the work of ChunQiuzuoshizhuan had the word of Mubing,YangBojun said that it was Wusong in the meteorology,but in the other books "Mubing"and "Wusong"were deferent phenomena.


The murine monoclonal antibodies BS58 and R6A are known to recognize epitopes related to the human Rh system: neither antibody reacts with Rhnull cells and the BS58 antigen is not expressed by‐D‐or ·D· cells. It is shown here that the numbers of BS58 and R6A antigen sites vary with Rh phenotype. Both epitopes are well represented on cells of the CDe/CDe, CDe/cDE and CDe/cde phenotypes; BS58 sites are markedly reduced on cde/cde and cDE/cde and are only just detectable on cDE/cDE cells when compared with R6A sites. The number of R6A sites per red cell ranged between 20,000 and 150,000. The evidence indicates that the BS58 epitope is not on the polypeptides carrying D or R6A, nor is it uniquely on one of the polypeptides carrying either C, c, E or e. It is suggested that the BS58 epitope is either common to all the CcED polypeptides or that it is present on a polypeptide which has not yet been identified biochemically.


The general purpose of this study was to determine if the satisfying and motivating factors of high school coaches could be significantly related to the Frederick Herzberg Motivational-Hygiene theory. In addition, attempts to determine whether satisfying and motivating experiences of high school coaches are similar to the lack of continua in the Herzberg Motivation-Hygiene theory; to determine whether least satisying and unmotivating experiences of high school coaches are similar to the lack of continua in the Herzberg-Motivation-Hygiene theory; to determine the affect of positive and motivating and negative and hygienic experiences on high school coaches' attitudes toward the profession; and, to determine the dependence of these same positive and motivating and negative and hygienic experiences with the coaches' tenure, years of experience, formal evaluation of performance, won-loss percentage, and salary for coaching. The sample included 168 coaches from the South Inter-Conference Association, a 33 school athletic and activity conference in Northeast Illinois. Of the 168 coaches surveyed, 124 responded. A three-part questionnaire was developed. John Flanagan's critical incident technique was used in the first and second parts of the questionnaire. Coaches were asked about their most satisfying and least satisfying coaching experiences. The third part of the questionnaire asked for demographic information. Using the Frederick Herzberg MotivationHygiene theory, the responses of the coaches were categorized. The 19 research questions that were developed were analyzed, using the chi square statistic to assess the significance of the relationship between the data. Partial support for the Herzberg Motivation-Hygiene theory was found in this study. For positive coaching experience two motivational factors, recognition and achievement accounted for over ninety percent of the descriptions of coaches. Furthermore, ninety-five percent of the incidents were associated with the two cited factors and a third motivational factor, work itself. So, it can be concluded that for positive coaching experience being associated with motivational factors, this study is concordat with the Herzberg hypothesis. However, when analyzing the responses of coaches regarding the negative experiences, the two factor model was not supported. The motivational factors of recognition and achievement accounted for over seventy percent of the responses. When including other motivational factors, i.e., responsibility and work itself, the responses to negative coaching experiences accounted for nearly three quarters of all responses. Thus, the remaining one quarter of the incidents had hygiene themes. Interpersonal relationships and personal life accounted for appproximately eight percent and policy accounted for sixteen percent. Since the hygienes accounted for only one quarter of the responses in the negative coaching experiences, it can be concluded that the Herzberg Two-Factor model was not supported. No statistical significance was found between the Herzberg theory and the demographic information. The findings indicate that high school coaches view achievement and recognition as the primary forces which are most important to their career regardless of the positive or negative nature of their experiences.


Combined with engineering,it introduces property and characteristic of desiccation crack of cast-in-place floor slab and analyzes its forming mechanism reasons,then puts forward specific prevention measures and treatment according to reasons.


Describes the development for the bipolar gate array masterslice for custom designed logic. One chip is designed containing an array of standard logic gates which are then interconnected in a custom manner by using the various levels of metal on the chip. One such masterslice contains 1500 logic gates. The authors describe the physical organization of the chip, and the software package used to assist in simulating the logic, wiring the chip, and generating the patterns needed to test that specific logic function. The internal gate is described in detail, and a discussion of some of the design tradeoffs made is included. The peripheral level-shifting circuits used to interface with a T/SUP 2/L environment and an on-chip reference generating circuit are described. The testing philosophy used, and the package within which the chip is placed are discussed. The paper concludes with a description of the bipolar process used to manufacture the chip.


This paper looks at ideophones, the study of which has not received any mention in the existing literature in Akan linguistics. The paper will first look at some definitions given in the literature, then at the structure of ideophones by looking at their phonological and morphological characteristics. It will also consider their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic functions and their impact on both the speaker and the addressee. Functionally, ideophones are a category of lexical items that are used to express some sensual perception. The paper will also look at the ethnographic contexts of Akan ideophones. We will see that ideophones kick against the arbitrariness of language because they are words whose sounds tally with their meanings. Ideophones in the Akan language have cognitive, phonological, morphological, semantic and pragmatic relations. They are used to express sensual perception, like sound, feeling (both physical and emotional), intensity, duration and quantity. Each of these is exemplified from the data and the appendix.


: ECT is an effective treatment for various de-pressive disorders. Evidence has indicated that ECT is not as-sociated with structural brain lesions when administered inthe treatment of acute depression (1, 2). However, we know ofno studies of the effects of long-term treatment with ECT onthe metabolism of the central nervous system. Here we reporton a patient who was studied with


Australia must immediately address its significant shortage of trained scientists to support primary industries focussed on food and water security, according to Professor Alan Robson AM CitWA, Vice Chancellor of the University of Western Australia.


The nature of "normal" research, as practiced by the vast majority of researchers, is that it is incremental. Research designs typically build on the work of prior research. Existing standards of rigour are, more or less, upheld. Findings conform, to a greater or lesser extent, with what was predicted. There is nothing inherently wrong with this process, yet the incremental nature of research designs tends to lead to incremental contributions. With time, and considerable effort, these findings can accumulate into something more substantial, but it tends to be a slow and drawn-out process. Is this the best way to build knowledge in a time of rapid technological change? Occasionally a more radically innovative contribution is developed. It may take the form of a new theory that departs in some significant way from prior work. It may be a new method, tool, or technique that goes beyond the mere tweaking of earlier methods, tools, and techniques. In more revolutionary forms, the new contribution may be so novel, so groundbreaking, that it destroys the very foundations of earlier work, setting out a new paradigm for future work (Kuhn, 1962). This revolutionary approach to research is sparked by a person sometimes referred to as an iconoclast. Iconoclasts are, probably fortunately, few and far between. Fortunately, because too much destruction means too little accumulation of knowledge and experience, too little repetition of what works before it is overthrown, and too much risk that faulty paradigms will emerge and consume our limited attention. Pagel (2012) observes that copying is an excellent survival technique: we do not all need to be iconoclastic innovators. Berns (2010, pp. 5–6) defines an iconoclast as "a person who does something that others say can't be done," noting that the Nobel prize is "the crown-jewel of paradigm-shifting iconoclastic thinking." In order to do what others say cannot be done, the budding iconoclast must both be familiar with prior work and yet also embrace novelty and even "alien thinking" (cf. Davison, 2017). The act of embracing novelty requires challenging the current state of the art, developing a compelling new narrative and design, and then putting that design into practice, demonstrating its superiority over earlier instantiations. This kind of work takes many years or lifetimes: iconoclasts start the process, but their work needs to be accepted and mainstreamed by many others for the new ideas to be more widely accepted. Novelty often inspires fear because we tend to shun unfamiliar things. Fear thus acts as an inhibitor of novelty. In the context of academic research, there are three specific fears: fear of uncertainty, fear of failure, and fear of public ridicule (Berns, 2010). First, the fear of uncertainty is often rooted in cultural norms, whether of societies or professional associations. For instance, we may be uncertain as to whether we have expressed a new idea in a logical and convincing way; if our supporting arguments are strong enough; if a particular course of action is safe. Second, the fear of failure may relate to any harm that results from a new idea, whether this be harm to others or to oneself. The fear of failure can be a powerful driver of inaction. Third, the fear of public ridicule exists in the social dimension. It is the fear of being mocked, laughed at, pilloried, or worse. A fear of public ridicule is not so distant from a fear of loss of reputation, of professional ostracism, of damage to one's career, of being labeled as a heretic, and (symbolically) burned at the stake! For instance, such fears are often present in the minds of junior researchers who have so much to gain in their future careers and yet so much to lose if they "make mistakes" now. Many years ago, I recall a senior professor advising me (as a Ph.D. student) not to touch "culture" in my research, because as a topic it was too dangerous. He counseled me to engage with safer topics that would presumably have less chance of uncertainty, failure, or public ridicule. Successful iconoclasts will have convinced the majority of noniconoclast researchers of the veracity of their ideas. This requires social intelligence and eloquence. It may also require tapping into the fears of the audience and DOI: 10.1111/isj.12278


Thin films of tin sulphide have been thermally evaporated onto glass and SnO2:F coated glass substrates with the aim of optimising the properties for use in photovoltaic solar cell device structures. In particular the effects of source temperature, substrate temperature, and film thickness on the chemical and physical properties of the layers deposited were investigated. Using a wide range of conditions it was possible to produce thin films of tin sulphide that are pinhole free, conformal to the substrate and that consist of densely packed columnar grains. The optical properties of the layers were found to depend on deposition conditions. It was however possible to produce SnS thin films with energy band gaps near the optimum for photovoltaic solar energy conversion i.e.1.5 eV. The applicability of using these films in photovoltaic solar cell device structures is discussed.


This paper presents conversion rules between large signal nonlinear scattering (LSSP) and transfer parameters for linear two-ports. Conversion rules are derived and confirmed through comparing responses of harmonic balance simulation and Matlab numerical simulation.


Models of the Orion capsule and its service module offer engineers a chance to detail ways to process the spacecraft for launch.


: Traditionally, the Six Sigma framework has underpinned quality improvement and assurance in biopharmaceutical manufacturing process management. This paper proposes a Neural Network (NN) approach to vaccine yield classification. The NN is compared to an existing Multiple Linear regression approach. This paper shows how a Data Mining framework can be used to extract further value and insight from the data gathered during the manufacturing process as part of the Six Sigma process. Insights to yield classification can be used in the quality improvement process.


Cytology of the cervix has been properly recognized and accepted in the detection and follow-up of squamous intraepithelial lesions, whereas its role in endocervical cylindrical epithelium is less well defined. Glandular lesions of the cervix uteri have been showing a rising incidence for the last 20 years, especially among young women (Nieminen et al.1995). This trend could be attributed to several factors: better diagnosis with more appropriate techniques of sampling and specimen preparation for both cytological and histological analysis, better recognition of precursor lesions, changes in nomenclature, evolving methods of treatment and an improved understanding of morphological features, having all led to the development of criteria for the diagnosis of early dysplastic lesions. Another reason for the observed rise is the increased prevalence of these lesions.


A master-oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system based on Nd glass laser with output intensity of 5 GW/cm2 is described. The laser operates at 1 Hz with pulse energy up to more than 4 mJ. The spatial profile is near top hat and the diameter is 1 mm, the temporal pulse shape is Gaussain and pulse width is about hundred picosecond. Frequency doubling efficiency is 37.5% with 3-mm-long BBO crystal, the pulse of microjoule output energy and 527-nm wavelength is achieved and used as the pump pulse in the short pulse optical parametric amplification, decreasing the parametric fluorescence influence to contrast of optical parametric chirped pulse (OPCPA) system.


The objective of this study is to elaborate the analytical theory of ion exchange in the field of solving the boundary value problems of non steady state mass transfer in solids with a canonical form taking into account a change in the concentration of the solution and the character of movement of the phases in a flow apparatus. The mathematical description of the process of ion-exchange solution purification on ionite particles of cylindrical shape in a batch flow apparatus was developed. At the developing mathematical description the following assumptions were used: the ionite is monodisperse, uniform initial distribution of substances in the ionite, the ion exchange equilibrium is described by Henry equation, the rate of the process is limited by both internal and external diffusion, the flow pattern of the liquid phase in the apparatus is described by the perfect mixing model, the solution with the constant volumetric flow rate and the constant concentration of the substance  is supplied to the apparatus, kinetic and hydrodynamic process parameters are constants. Mathematical description includes the following equations: the diffusion equation of ionite, isotherm equation ion exchange, the equation for average concentration of the substance in the ionite, the material balance equation for a perfect mixing flow apparatus, initial and boundary conditions. To solve boundary value problem, we use the integral Laplace transformations. The obtained equation allows to analyze the effect of the volumetric flow rate of the solution supplied to a flow apparatus, the ratio of the volumes of solid and liquid phases in the apparatus, the diameter of the particle, and other parameters of the process on the concentration distribution of a substance along the internal coordinate of the solid. The developed mathematical model is used to study the desorption of copper ions from the modified polycaproamide fiber with sulfuric acid solution.


The phenomenon of transmitting the electric fields from their primary bioelectric sources through biological tissues towards measurement sensors is known as the volume conduction. It is a basis for the operation of many biosensors used for the measurement of bioelectromagnetical phenomena. An electroencephalograph (EEG) used for the recording and monitoring the bioelectrical activity of brain is an excellent example of such devices. Due to the volume conduction an overlapping of the contribution to each electrode channel from neighbouring bioelectrical sources is present. As a result raw EEG scalp potentials are characterized by weak spatial resolution. Owning to described reasons raw, multichannel EEG recordings tend to provide an unclear image of the brain activity. In this study the influence of applying 2D window function to the neighbourhood of each electrode before removal of common reference locally is examined. The Local Spatial Filters focus on removing the common signal of electrodes in a specific neighbourhood of the electrode of interest. The performance of algorithm is examined in the task of eliminating source overlapping from EEG-based BCI system recordings and compared with classic approaches such as Common Average Reference (CAR), Surface Laplacian (SL) and Common Spatial Pattern (CSP). For the better evaluation of performance of proposed approaches performance, their effectiveness is tested during the classification of the dataset IVa provided for the "BCI Competition III" organized by the Berlin Brain-Computer Interface group.


Umesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya is a Reader in Prehistory, Department of Ancient History. Culture and Archaeology. University of Allahabad. He received his Ph.D. Degree from the University of Cambridge. He has specialised in the study of archaeological faunal remains and the areas of his special interest include hunter-gatherer studies, theoretical archaeology. and post-modernism. He has been a recipient of the UGC's 'Ca1eer Award' (1993-96), and ~,as an /UC Associate at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study. Shim/a for two terms: 1991-94 and 1996-99. He has also worked on the 'Application of Satellite Remote Sensing to Archaeology' at the National Remote Sensing Agency. Hyderabad. Besides publishing several research papers, he has authored two books: Faunal Studies in South Asian Archaeology and New Perspectives in Indian Archaeology and History.


Despite rooted from Islamic needs, Halal certification also attracts both Muslims and non-Muslims. In fact, the non-Muslim players are the ones dominating the industry. It is widely known that Halal food chain is quite vulnerable due to complications in maintaining Halal integrity, the necessity to prevent doubtful materials, lack of control of food norms, and the importance to retain high quality. The presence of Halal certification is a form of consumer protection and therefore, the integrity of Halal certification must be carefully monitored. There are some Halal violation cases and this can potentially affect the reputation of the Halal food products. Therefore, it is important to develop a system that integrates a verifiable, open, and safe shared database that is not run by a centralized operator. Blockchain technology is the one that offers such. The study presents a framework for blockchain technology for Halal product verification for manufactured food products. The results are desired to help the food industry players in maintaining a system that can improve the transparency and the integrity of their Halal food chain. The system also intends to ensure the affordability and accessibility of Halal certification for as many industry players as possible as blockchain technology is believed to remove the complications in the certification process and reduce paperwork related cost.


According to the temperature influence on the salt crystal growth,the method of increasing the grain size and improving the evenness of salt crystals is discussed from the view point of adjusting process parameters.


Pseudomonas oleovorans was grown on 6-methylnonanoic acid (6-MNA), 7-methylnonanoic acid (7-MNA), 8-methylnonanoic acid (8-MNA), 9-methyldecanoic acid (9-MDA), 7-methyldecanoic acid (7-MDA), and 2,6-dimethylhept-5-enoic acid (2,6-DMHA). Poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) were obtained when this bacterium was grown on pure 9-MDA, 8-MNA, 7-MNA, and 6-MNA, but not on 7-MDA and 2,6-DMHA. The mixtures of n-nonanoic acid (NA) and either 7-MDA or 2,6-DMHA gave almost pure nonanoic acid homopolymers. For the other branched substrates, 1 H and 13 C NMR studies showed that the polymers obtained contained the type of methyl branching expected from the starting alkanoic acid


The etch rate of 4H–SiC in a SF6 helicon plasma has been investigated as a function of pressure, rf power, bias voltage and distance between the substrate holder and the helicon source. Very high etch rates of 1.35 μm/min were achieved when this distance is minimum. Good uniformity on 2 in. SiC substrates and smooth etched surfaces free of micromasking have been obtained when using a nickel mask. The selectivity SiC/Ni was found to be about 50 in high etch rate conditions. Via holes have been etched to a depth of 330 μm in 4H–SiC substrates. Etch mechanisms were also studied in a parallel-plate capacitively coupled reactor. We have detected by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), the radicals SiF2, CF, and CF2 produced during the reactive ion etching of SiC in a pure SF6 plasma. Spatially and temporally resolved LIF measurements were used to distinguish between gas phase and etched surface production of these species. Whereas CF and CF2 are primary etch products (i.e., mainly produced at the etched surface),...


Background: In Africa plants have always been a good source of medicine for health care. Obesity is a pathology that is growing dramatically in developing countries. Anorectic plants are likely to cause a reduction of exaggerated weight gain. The aim of the study is to determine the phenolic compound content of five anorectic potential plants of Burkina Faso (Ceratotheca sesamoïdes, Gardenia erubescens, Brachystelma bingeri Raphionacme daronii and Vernonia kotschyana), to determine also their antioxidant potential and their acethylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), Research Institute for Health Sciences (IRSS).
Methodology: For the determination of the acute toxicity of the extracts a group of six (6) mice NMRI race were constituted for each plant extract. A dose of 3000 mg / kg of weight was administered to the animals. The methods of screening were used to detect secondary metabolites like tannins, steroids and terpen, flavonoids, coumarins. For the phenol content, the concentration of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were determined. The antioxidant property of the extracts was evaluated in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl acid (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sufonic) (ABTS) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). The acetylcholinesterase activity of the extracts 0.1 mg / ml was determined by a spectrometric assay method.
Results: Acute toxicity evaluated in NMRI mice showed that the methanolic extracts of five extracts show no toxicity. The coumarins and tannins were detected in all five species of plants. The polyphenol contents of Ceratotheca sesamoides gave the highest total phenolic compound content with 221.97 ± 1.206 mg EAG / g and also the best flavonoids content with 39.58 ± 0.068 mg EQ / g. Antioxidant tests show that Vernonia kotschyana Sch-Bip and Ceratotheca sesamoïdes Endl presented the best inhibitions of the DPPH radical with 82.63 ± 3.29% and 83.62 ± 2.12% at 100µg/ml. This activity is also better than that of quercetin which is a reference substance. For the reducing power of radical cation ABTS .+  the most active macerates of our extracts were obtained with Vernonia kotschyana (51,388 ± 0,133 mmol ET / g extract) and Ceratotheca sesamoides (50,748 ± 0,395 mmol ET / g extract). Ceratotheca sesamoides showed a best activity on reducing power of the ferric ion (7.03 ± 0.44 mmol EAA / g extract), this activity on ferric ion is superior to that of quercetin, which is a reference substance. Raphionacme daronii exhibited the greatest inhibition of acetylcholinesterase with a percentage inhibition of 53.542 ± 4.053 at 100 μg / ml.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that anorexigenic plant extracts have a good antioxidant potential that is necessary for any weight-reducing activity. They also have an ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase.


Prochilodus nigricans is extensively exploited in fishing and aquaculture activities in the Brazilian Amazon, it is the definitive host for Neoechinorhynchus curemai Noronha, 1973. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of N. curemai in P. nigricans and the parasite-host relationship in three rivers (Juruá, Crôa and Môa) in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, Brazil. Fish were caught, weighed, measured, and subjected to necropsy, and the gastrointestinal tract and viscera were analyzed. A total of 178 specimens of N. curemai were found in 61 infected fish, with the (p= 58.62%). The prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance were higher in hosts from the Môa River, and lower from the Juruá River. Regarding the length-weight relationship, the b-value did not differ statistically from three (b=3) for fish species in the three locations, nor in parasitized and non-parasitized species. In addition, growth was considered isometric, and in the case of the relative condition factor, there was no difference in fish hosts between the three rivers. The correlation between parasite intensity, condition factor, length, and weight of P. nigricans was not significant. Thus, this parasite infestation varied between the habitats. However, this did not influence the growth and development of the hosts.


Dwarf galaxies of the Local Group provide unique possibilities to test current theories of structure formation. Their number and properties have put the broadly accepted cold dark matter model into question, posing a few problems. These problems now seem close to resolution due to the improved treatment of baryonic processes in dwarf galaxy simulations which now predict cored rather than cuspy dark matter profiles in isolated dwarfs with important consequences for their subsequent environmental evolution. Using N-body simulations, we study the evolution of a disky dwarf galaxy with such a shallow dark matter profile on a typical orbit around the Milky Way. The dwarf survives the first pericenter passage but is disrupted after the second due to tidal forces from the host. We discuss the evolution of the dwarf's properties in time prior to and at the time of disruption. We demonstrate that the dissolution occurs on a rather short timescale as the dwarf expands from a spheroid into a stream with non-zero mean radial velocity. We point out that the properties of the dwarf at the time of disruption may be difficult to distinguish from bound configurations, such as tidally induced bars, both in terms of surface density and line-of-sight kinematics.


ISPA non pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection disease without other symptoms such as breathing difficulties and increased breathing frequency, which is generally caused by a virus so that the treatment does not require antibiotics. This study aims to determine the percentage of prescribing antibiotics, the average number of prescription items per prescription, the percentage of prescribing of generic drugs, and the percentage of prescribing of DOEN drugs in non-pneumonia ISPA disease in Sibela Surakarta Community Health Center 2017. This study is descriptive observational, using data on Form Reporting Indicator Prescription of non-pneumonia ISPA at Puskesmas Sibela Surakarta in 2017, then data in the analysis based on the target of Ministry of Health RI on the use of rational drugs. The results showed that the percentage of prescribing antibiotics in Puskesmas Sibela is 2% means lower than target Kemenkes that is under 20%. The median number of each prescription drug in the Sibela Community Health Center is 2,55 means lower than the target of Kemenkes that is below 2,6. The percentage of prescribing generic drugs in Sibela Health Center is 68,98% means lower than target of Kemenkes that is 100%. The percentage of drug prescribing of DOEN in Puskesmas Sibela was 41,23% which is lower than target of Kemenkes that is 100%.
Keywords: Evaluation, prescribing patterns, antibiotics, non-pneumonia ISPA


The gel of poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer with boric acid, added as a crosslinking agent, was made with a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water. The thermal and dynamic modulus properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) gel were measured by a differential scanning calorimeter and a dynamic mechanical thermoanalyst. Results show that an increase of poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer or boric acid content to the gel makes an increasing of gel to sol transition temperature, endothermic enthalpy, and dynamic modulus. The maximum value of gel to sol transition temperature, endothermic enthalpy, and dynamic modulus happened at the volume ratio of 6: 4 of dimethyl sulfoxide to water, which is independent on the poly(vinyl alcohol) and the boric acid content. According to the modified Eldridge-Ferry theory for thermoreversible gel, it is found that both the gel to sol transition temperature and the endothermic enthalpy versus poly(vinyl alcohol) content could be superimposed with respect to the boric acid content.


The problem of forecasting mortality has been widely discussed and is being considered as an important issue among actuaries and demographers. Using age and sex-specific mortality data in Malaysia, we compare and evaluate the point forecast accuracy of six principal component methods.  These six methods are the Lee-Carter (LC) method, the unadjusted LC method (LCnone), the Lee-Miller (LM) variant, the Booth-Mandonald-Smith variant (BMS) and the two versions of the Hyndman-Ullah (HU). The overall performance of all methods was evaluated using out-sample forecasts based on the six error measures of three different data spanning with three different step-ahead forecasts. The data set consists of annual age-specific death rates (ASDR) for 17 age groups for both genders for the years 1980 to 2011.  Results show that when the fitted period is longer, the LM method exhibits a better fit in Malaysia male ASDR and the HU6 method attains a better fit in Malaysia female ASDR. When the fitted period becomes shorter, the BMS method outperforms for male and HU1 for female ASDR. However, for overall performance, the LM method consistently outperforms others for Malaysia male ASDR and the LM and HU methods are the best good of fit for Malaysia ASDR.


Finding a way out of College English teachers' identity dilemma has a guiding significance not only for English teaching practice,but also for promoting the reform of college English teaching and for the teachers' professional development. From the perspective of relationship theory,the relations between the teacher as self and students as the other are the relations of need and being needed,of responsibility and equal dialogue. Only in relationship with the other can the teacher find self- position and a sense of belonging. From the perspective of structural theory,the reconstruction of College English teachers' identity will be achieved when College English teachers as self and social system as the other reach a value consensus. From the perspective of ontology,as a Chinese,College English teachers must treat the other culture properly in order to find a sense of belonging and to reconstruct self identity in the middle of the field.


It is reported that such errors in development sometimes affect one whole side of the body, one extremity, upper or lower, but, more usually, one lower extremity. I have been fortunate in seeing several such cases in this country and abroad. These individuals grow up and live normal lives without serious inconvenience, except from an esthetic standpoint. The difference in the length of the lower limbs is taken care of by pivoting and rotation in the hips, or by a built-up shoe on the shorter side. Usually the difference in the extremities is hardly noticeable when the parts are covered by ordinary clothing. The treatment in the case presented has been improvement in general condition by supplementary feedings, increase in vitamin and mineral intake, and exposure to sunlight and the like, with excellent results; while the only treatment thus far instituted for the asymmetry in the limbs has been massage and exercise in the smaller portions, in so far as is possible in so small a child, while keeping the larger parts as quiet as possible. This treatment has been faithfully carried out by the mother with my help, and at present there seems to be some diminution in the asymmetry-in appearance at least. Later on, treatment by further stimulating the growth of the smaller limb is contemplated, by increased exercise, hyperemia, and electrical stimulation. In the future, if necessary or desired, one of the methods of increasing the length of long bones may be used, such as bone graft in the shorter femur; or by increasing bone growth through interference with the circulation in the metaphyses of the shorter femur and tibia by section through the medullary cavity according to the method recently described by Ferguson 2 in The Journal of the American Medical Association. I have been unable to find reports as to the results of treatment in such cases in the current literature. A further report regarding this peculiar developmental error will be given after sufficient time has elapsed to deduce the value of various procedures.


A memory management method and a device, where the method includes: receiving a memory access request, where the memory access request carries a virtual address; determining a page fault type of the virtual address if finding, in a translation lookaside buffer TLB and a memory, no page table entry corresponding to the virtual address; allocating a corresponding page to the virtual address if the page fault type of the virtual address is a blank-page-caused page fault, where the blank-page-caused page fault means that no corresponding page is allocated to the virtual address; and updating the page table entry corresponding to the virtual address to the memory and the TLB. The memory manager does not generate a page fault when a blank-page-caused page fault occurs, but allocates a corresponding page to the virtual address. Therefore, a quantity of occurrences of the page fault is reduced, thereby improving memory management efficiency.


Chronic airway inflammation mediated by CD8+T lymphocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Deciphering the fingerprint of the chronic inflammation orchestrated by CD8+T cells may allow the development of novel approaches to COPD management. Here, the expression of IL‐27 and IFN‐γ+CD8+Tc1 cells were evaluated in patients with COPD and in cigarette smoke‐exposed mice. The production of IL‐27 by marrow‐derived dendritic cells (mDCs) in response to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was assessed. The role of IL‐27 in IFN‐γ+CD8+Tc1 cells was explored. We demonstrated that elevated IL‐27 was accompanied by an exaggerated IFN‐γ+CD8+Tc1 response in a smoking mouse model of emphysema. We noted that lung dendritic cells were one of the main sources of IL‐27 during chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Moreover, CSE directly induced the production of IL‐27 by mDCs in vitro. IL‐27 negatively regulated the differentiation of IFN‐γ+CD8+Tc1 cells isolated from cigarette smoke‐exposed mice in a STAT1‐ and STAT3‐independent manner. Systemic administration of recombinant IL‐27 attenuated IFN‐γ+CD8+Tc1 response in the late phase of cigarette smoke exposure. Our results uncovered that IL‐27 negatively regulates IFN‐γ+CD8+Tc1 response in the late stage of chronic cigarette smoke exposure, which may provide a new strategy for the anti‐inflammatory treatment of smoking‐related COPD/emphysema.


Texture and color are two types of visual stimuli that determine, to a great extent, the appearance of objects, materials, and scenes [...]


Rounded phaco tips reduce the risk of posterior capsule rupture, increasing the safety of phacoemulsification. The Dewey Radius Tip, which is used exactly like a sharp-edged phaco needle, has rounded edges. This reduces the risk of posterior capsule rupture during cataract surgery.


Bone cancer pain is difficult to treat and has a strong impact on the quality of life of patients. Few therapies have emerged because the molecular mechanisms underlying bone cancer pain are poorly understood. Recently, T‐cell death‐associated gene 8 (TDAG8) has been shown to participate in complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced chronic inflammatory pain. In this study, we aimed to examine whether TDAG8 and its downstream protein kinase A (PKA) pathway are involved in bone cancer pain. A bone cancer pain model was made by inoculation of Walker 256 cells into the intramedullary space of rat tibia. Spinal TDAG8 expression was increased after inoculation with tumor cells. Intrathecal TDAG8 siRNA attenuated bone cancer pain behaviors during the initiation and maintenance phases; there were also concomitant decreases in TDAG8 mRNA and protein levels in spinal cord. Moreover, we found spinal PKA and phosphorylated cAMP response element‐binding (pCREB) protein levels were up‐regulated in the rat model of bone cancer pain. Knockdown of TDAG8 resulted in reduced bone cancer pain‐induced spinal PKA and pCREB protein expression in two procedures. Furthermore, intrathecal H‐89 (a PKA inhibitor) significantly attenuated bone cancer pain behaviors in rats. Our results suggest a causal relationship between TDAG8 expression and the initiation and maintenance of bone cancer pain. Activation of spinal TDAG8 contributes to bone cancer pain through the PKA signaling pathway in rats. These findings may lead to novel strategies for the treatment of bone cancer pain.


Riverside settlements in Banjarmasin City can be classified as a part of vernacular architecture, this classification was made by the initial researchers. This classification underlying the research about architecture style in one of the riverside settlements in Banjarmasin City which still has strong riverside culture, the focus point of this research is at the riverside settlements of Bromo Island Delta, Mantuil, Banjar Selatan subdistrict, Banjarmasin City. The determination of this assessments refers to vernacular architecture style using a qualitative research method and purposive sampling technique. From 25 samples, we found 2 styles of architecture on the riverside settlements in Bromo Island Delta. They are vernacular architecture and semi vernacular architecture style. Addition of space function, the change of foundation structure and material, economy and community knowledge about recent technology are the development factors of vernacular houses changes into semi vernacular houses. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/lw.v11i2.2961


We experimentally observe the spectral dynamics of a passively mode-locked fiber laser by using a parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (PASTA) with a frame rate up to 100 MHz, and different non-repeating transient dynamics has been observed.


Sustainable development can be defined in contradicting ways. Either development (accumulation) is to be safeguarded or nature is to be preserved. The two cannot be combined. The issue of sustainable development is related to the expansion of the industrialized North at the cost of the subsistence economies of the South. The South is being deprived of its most valuable resource, i.e. time. The basic division in ethics, the utilitarian and Kantian perspectives, are related to the contradicting subjects of sustainability.


Van de Waals (vdW) heterostructures – which consist of precisely assembled atomically thin electronic materials - exhibit unusual quantum behavior. These quantum materials-by-design are of fundamental interest in basic scientific research and hold tremendous potential in advanced technological applications. Problematically, the fundamental optoelectronic response in these heterostructures is difficult to access using the standard techniques within the traditions of materials science and condensed matter physics. In the standard approach, characterization is based on the measurement of a small amount of one-dimensional data, which is used to gain a precise picture of the material properties of the sample. However, these techniques are fundamentally lacking in describing the complex interdependency of experimental degrees of freedom in vdW heterostructures. In this talk, I will present our recent experiments that utilize a highly data-intensive approach to gain deep understanding of the infrared photoresponse in vdW heterostructure photodetectors. These measurements, which combine state-of-the-art data analytics and measurement design with fundamentally new device structures and experimental parameters, give a clear picture of electron-hole pair interactions at ultrafast time scales.


Moore's law has almost reached the limit of resolution on semiconductor die and, therefore, multidie packaging is one of the alternative solutions. Substrate materials currently use organic build-up films and silicon substrates [through silicon via (TSV)] in applications. But recently, organic films, too, have reached the resolution limit, and TSV is expensive. In this situation, nonalkali glass (glass) and fused silica (SiO2) substrates are expected to be good alternatives in high-frequency signal transfer applications like 5G telecommunication. But the via holes are hard to process with less defects (tips and cracks) on the glass and SiO2 substrates. Deep ultraviolet (DUV) excimer laser ablation is expected to have a finer (<10 μm) resolution with a shorter wavelength (248–193 nm) and also hard material processing with a higher photon energy (5–6.4 eV). Therefore, the authors have explored the application of the DUV excimer laser ablation process for a via hole on hard materials like glass and SiO2 subs...


In Sarah J. Arroyo's work, she reflects on the intense impact John Lennon's song, "Watching the Wheels" had on her at age 10. This impact existed outside of John's public persona since she was unaware of his cultural influence at the time. Decades later, she analyzes John and Yoko's last interview conducted hours before his death where they discuss their album Double Fantasy, the album that contains "Watching the Wheels." She experiences a punctum of recognition and argues that John and Yoko used choric invention in their creative processes and were electrate before their time.


This Working Paper gives a general introduction to the project. It presents an outline of the setup of the project. In addition, it explains some key concepts and issues on negotiating the distribution of the burden of greenhouse gas mitigation among the signatory countries and regions of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in the post-First-Budget-Period specified by the Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012).


For thirty years, learning is an intense concept studied by organizations, the specialists thinking that "the time of strategic planning is rapidly changing into the era of organizational learning" (Schon, 1994), as man is considered not only a resource for the school organization, but a valuable source in heart of the strategic development process of the organization. Relatively recent research (Senge, 1991; Schon, 1994) shows that innovation is becoming easier and more sustainable in "learning organizations". Our article aims to feed the theoretical reflection on the school as a "learning organization", on its ambivalence and paradoxes, and to make further clarification about its management directions. We base our analysis on the principles of postmodernism in education, on an interpretative posture, humanistic essence, building a transversal and multi-level "reading grid" of the school organization focused on such a learning approach. The concept has much to offer to the reforming and restructuring thinking about the organization. Although the theoretical analysis exerts a great attraction, the learning organization remains a philosophy rather than a program. This raises many questions. Let's not forget that the school is (still) quite strong perceived as the place "of teaching", of transmitting knowledge. But the learner, the learning organization, are built on something else.


Background. Premature birth, in addition to causing health problems in infants, increases stress in the mother and reduces attachment between mother and baby. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of guided visualization on stress and attachment of mothers of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 35 mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU of Mahdieh Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mothers were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. For mothers in the intervention group, the intervention was performed from the first to the fifth day of birth through training and sending guided imagery files. On the day of admission and discharge, the parental stress questionnaire and the postpartum attachment questionnaire were completed by the mother. SPSS software (version 20) was used to analyze the data. Results. The mean total score of maternal attachment on the fifth day of the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.001). Also, the mean total score of mothers' attachment status on the day of discharge was significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion. Implementation of guided visualization program reduced stress in mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU, and consequently increased the level of attachment. Practical Implications. Mothers are the primary caregivers of infants, and promoting maternal health has an effect on infants. In addition to reducing stress in preterm infants, this study can help improve the quality of infant care and increase attachment and parenting. The present study offers a completely cost-effective way to reduce the costs of long-term hospitalization and improve the quality of nursing.


Aiming at improving acquisition performance for direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals, a new acquisition algorithm based on fast Fourier transform (FFT ) is proposed. The code phases are parallel searched throughout the Doppler freq uency domain. Since the influence of Doppler frequency errors on peak-to-avera ge ratios of correlation power shows a pattern similar to the sinc function, it is our belief that by judging on peak-to-average ratios for different Doppler frequency errors false alarm probabilities should be lowered. Analyses have supp orted the underlying principle of this new algorithm. Simulation results have al so indicated that the new algorithm can effectively improve the acquisition perf ormance for DSSS signals.


The paper discusses some of the ecological and biological characteristics of a perennial herbaceous plant - Polygonatum multiflorum seeds. Liliaceae. It is of interest due to the fact that the number of this species of the forest-steppe zone is reduced due to the increasing anthropogenic load. In addition, P. multiflorum is a valuable medicinal and ornamental plant. The studies were conducted in 2016-2017 on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, in the surroundings of large and provincial cities. The study revealed the spatial and age structure of the four coenopopulations plants. The general terms of the vegetation P. multiflorum and the duration of the individual stages of plant development were determined. The level of potential and actual fruit formation is established. P. multiflorum plants were found scattered or in groups, but most often, the density was 3-4 individuals/m. The studied coenopopulations P. multiflorum are mostly normal, full-term. Renewal can be carried out both due to seeds and vegetatively. The latter is observed under favorable conditions for the P. multiflorum of existence. The studies have confirmed the view that the P. multiflorum is a fairly vulnerable forest species and there is a real risk of loss of the natural gene pool of this wild plant.


This paper investigated the problem of improved delay-dependent stability criteria for neural networks with two additive time-varying delay components. By constructing a more general type of Lyapunov functional and using effective mathematical technique to estimate the upper bound on the time derivative of the Lyapunov functional, some new delay-dependent stability criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The resulting stability criteria are of fewer matrix variables and less conservative than some existing ones. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed method.


This article studies the effects of the introduction of artificial intelligence into teams in a laboratory experiment. We randomly assign automated co-workers into "laboratory firms" who are playing a team-based game on the Nintendo Switch console. We demonstrate that even in a task where AI outperforms humans, automation decreases overall team performance and increases coordination failures. These effects are especially large in the short-term and in low- and medium-skilled teams. Moreover, automation reduces team trust and individual effort provision. Our results support the implication that improving collaborative human-machine teams is key to the positive transformation that AI may bring to organizations.


In February 2007, Governor Chris Gregoire requested that the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) and the Washington State Patrol conduct an independent review of cable median barriers following the fatal cross-median collision on Interstate 5 in Marysville on February 13, 2007. The evaluation included an examination of WSDOT's cable median barrier policy and statewide cable median barrier performance, and it made recommendations for WSDOT's research program. WSDOT hired Malcolm Ray, PE, Ph.D., to conduct an independent evaluation, the results of which were set forth in the June 2007 "Cable Median Barrier Reassessment and Recommendations" report. That report included a recommendation for WSDOT to continue monitoring the performance of all cable median barriers. This 2008 update provides another year of performance data for 135 miles of cable median barrier that were evaluated in the 2007 report, and includes data for the 43 miles of new cable median barrier that were installed during 2007. Dr. Ray was hired by WSDOT to review and comment on the 2008 update to the cable barrier performance report. His review comments are included in Appendix C of this report.


The identification of the key nanostructural features in supramolecules and the understanding of the relationship between structure and function are important factors in the development of novel molecular-based materials. The ionic conduction path is one of the most attractive key structures because of its ability to generate solid-state ionic diffusive properties for application as a solid electrolyte. We herein report the generation of ionic conduction paths using crystallization of supramolecules with a channel structure. We succeeded in precise structural control of the conduction paths by varying the component diamines or lithium salts. We also show the structure–conductivity relationships of the obtained compounds based on a single crystal X-ray diffraction study and electrochemical measurements.


Borneo is the centre of diversity of the palm genus Pinanga. At least 13 understory species have been recorded in the Ulu Temburong National Park in Brunei, but little is known of their persistence. Changes in populations of Pinanga understory palms may be indicative of more widespread changes due to climate change, such as changes in rainfall, which may be important for the palm diversity in the protected area. However, we know little about the population dynamics of these palms, how persistent their populations are or if they behave similarly over long time frames. In 1998, populations of five co-occurring species of Pinanga at several locations in the Ulu Temburong National Park were documented. This project aimed to undertake a comprehensive resurvey of the original five Pinanga palm species populations in order to assess if they showed similar population changes across sites and species after two decades. Overall, most species maintained their population size in the surveyed region but not consistently among sites, and one species significantly declined in abundance. There was considerable variation in population growth rate (R) within and among species and sites that was significantly correlated with density and the percentage of multi-stemmed plants. There was evidence of pulsed recruitment in some species and or sites rather than steady or exponential patterns of population growth.


Georgian National Museum Tbilisi, 26-29 August PRIDE-RCMNS conference 2018 1 | P a g e Orals: Monday 27 09:30-17:15 & Wednesday 29 August 09:30-16:15 Auditorium and Library Reading Hall Posters: Monday 27 & Wednesday 29 August 17:15-19:00


Declining rice yields are strongly related to soil quality degradation particularly nutrient depletion. Nutrient depletion can be attributed to insufficient fertilizer use and imbalanced fertilization. As in many developing countries, Indonesian's use of fertilizer in sawah soil is not well balance at present and therefore causes several problems such as low rice productivity, environmental pollutions and land degradation. Continuously rice cropping system without returning sufficient amount of nutrient uptake by rice plant could exhausted soil nutrient. On the other hand, excessive amount of fertilizer applied such as urea caused N pollution of soil, water and environment. Nitrogen fertilizer use in Indonesia has seen continued increases since the late 1960s and it reached 2.3 million Mg year -1 (in 2004), however P and K consumption have not followed the same trends as N consumption. As the result, rice productivity has fluctuated and stagnated over the past decade. Recently, improving rice productivity through integrated plant nutrient management system (IPNMS) program was recommended. The IPNMS is mainly based on balanced fertilization combines with organic matter application in to the sawah soil. Balance fertilization contributes to fertilizer use efficiency by keep a balance between nutrient requirement and uptake by rice plant. At the same time, it seeks to maintain a balance between nutrient supply for plant and natural nutrient pools and soil conditions. Site specific fertilizer recommendation based on soil testing was resulted in increasing rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency in sawah soils in Java Island. However, sustainable rice production is not only depending on the balance input and output of nutrient, but also soil organic matter (SOM) status. Principally, organic fertilizer supports soil fertility maintenance and creates a better soil environment for intensive farming by improving chemical fertilizer effectiveness and supplying micro nutrient. At present in Indonesia, farmers are rarely applied organic matter such as rice straw or manure into sawah soil which caused depletion of SOM. Therefore, IPNM practices could substantially support fertilizer management program to improving lowland sawah soil productivity in Indonesia.


In t his pape r we present a novel and robust approach for detection, categorization and recognition of road signs. It is known that the standard road signs contain few and easily distinguishable c olors, such as red for prohibition, yellow for warnings, green, blue and white. We use a Bayesian approach for detecting road signs in the captured im ages based on t heir c olor information. At the same time, the results of the Bayes classifier categorize the detected road sign according to its color content. The SIFT transform is employed in order to extract a set of invariant features for the detected roa d sign label(s). Recognition is done by matching the extracted features with previously stored features of standard signs. We i llustrate the accuracy and robustness of this approach.


Chlorophyll degradation in Cucumis leaf discs was measured at different temperatures between 1 and 25°C in the light and in darkness, and in the presence or absence of sucrose. Two different processes of chlorophyll degradation could be distinguished, a light-requiring process operating at 1 and 5°C and another, light and sucrose enhanced degradation process which was evident at 25°C. Degradation of leaf pigments at low temperatures was of a photo-oxidative nature since there was no degradation in the dark. The chlorophyll a/b ratio was decreased, carotene was degraded at a faster rate than chlorophyll, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) which prevent photo-oxidation, protected against chlorophyll degradation. The light and sucrose enhanced chlorophyll degradation at 25°C was of an enzymatic nature since it occurred in the dark as well as in the light. The chlorophyll a/b ratio was not affected, and carotene and chlorophyll degradation occurred at the same rate. Since DCMU completely inhibited the light enhancement at 25°C and experimentation in a low oxygen atmosphere also protected chlorophyll against the effect of light and sugar application, it is suggested that the enhancement of chlorophyll degradation by light and sucrose at 25°C may be due to increased sugar uptake of the chloroplasts and consequently excessive starch formation in the organelles.


This study aimed to develop a single‐isocentre volumetric modulated arc therapy (si‐VMAT) technique for multiple brain metastases using knowledge‐based planning software, comparing it with a multiple‐isocentre stereotactic radiosurgery (mi‐SRS) planning approach.


We study generalised quasirandom graphs whose vertex set consists of

$q$

 parts (of not necessarily the same sizes) with edges within each part and between each pair of parts distributed quasirandomly; such graphs correspond to the stochastic block model studied in statistics and network science. Lovász and Sós showed that the structure of such graphs is forced by homomorphism densities of graphs with at most

$(10q)^q+q$

 vertices; subsequently, Lovász refined the argument to show that graphs with

$4(2q+3)^8$

 vertices suffice. Our results imply that the structure of generalised quasirandom graphs with

$q\ge 2$

 parts is forced by homomorphism densities of graphs with at most

$4q^2-q$

 vertices, and, if vertices in distinct parts have distinct degrees, then

$2q+1$

 vertices suffice. The latter improves the bound of

$8q-4$

 due to Spencer.


Overcoming the reduction of current efficiency and stacking of corrosion products on the surface of Al–Zn–In sacrificial anodes after long‐term use is of great significance for Al–Zn–In alloy as an anode material for cathodic protection of steel structures in seawater. In this study, four different sacrificial anode materials were prepared based on the Al‐6Zn‐0.03In (wt%) alloy without and with the addition of alloying elements of Sn, Cd, and Si, respectively. The influence of the addition of Sn, Cd, and Si on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the Al–Zn–In anode was investigated by optical microscopy and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the introduction of Sn, Cd, and Si changes the microdendrite structure of Al–Zn–In to equiaxed grain. The added Sn, Cd, and Si alloys have more negative and stable working potential and uniformly dissolved morphology. The actual capacity and current efficiency of aluminum alloys increase from 2,000.6 Ah/kg and 70.7% of Al–Zn–In alloy to 2,539.4 Ah/kg and 88.6% of Al–Zn–In–Sn, 2,437.3 Ah/kg and 85.5% of Al–Zn–In–Cd and 2,500.4 Ah/kg and 88.8% of Al–Zn–In–Si alloys, respectively.


The complete genomic sequence of a Lactobacillus plantarum virulent phageAJL-1 was determined. The phage possesses a linear, doublestranded, DNA genome consisting of 36,677 bp with a G+C content of 39.36%. A total of 52 possible open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. According to N-terminal amino acid sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, proven or putative functions were assigned to 21 ORFs (41%), including 5 structural protein genes. The AJL-1 genome shows functionally related genes clustered together in a genome structure composed of modules for DNA replication, DNA packaging, head and tail morphogenesis, and lysis. This type of modular genomic organization was similar to several other phages infecting lactic acid bacteria. The structural gene maps revealed that the order of the head and tail genes is highly conserved among the genomes of several Siphoviridae phages, allowing the assignment of probable functions to certain uncharacterized ORFs from phage AJL-1 and other Siphoviridae phages. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


In DC choppers and inverters transformers are employed to recover the trapped energy in the commutating inductors in order to reduce the overvoltage of the commutating capacitors. It is known that the leakage factor of real transformers keeps the overvoltage substantially high. The present work shows that a finite Q-factor of real transformers significantly reduces the overvoltages, resulting in lowering of voltage and current ratings of the components. The proposed modification in the connection of the transformer leads to additional recovery of the trapped energy, resulting in further reduction of overvoltage and commutation loss. This energy recovery process must be completed in the OFF-interval to avoid spikes in the output voltage. Graphs for overvoltages, peak currents, per-unit loss and maximum permissible frequency factor have been plotted for the original and the modified scheme of the DC chopper. Experimental results justify the theoretical analysis.


We use evidence from Chinese stock market to study the role of the investor sentiment in the crosssection of expected returns. In particular variables like volume and volatility are used to build a sentiment indicator so that stocks with high past exposure to this factor earn high future average returns. We present the results of trading strategies which exploit the information in the sentiment indicator to suggest the existence of average returns differentials.


Rates of suicide among American Indian or Alaska Native persons increased substantially from 2015 to 2020, compared with only a small increase among the general US population, a new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows. Suicide disproportionately affects American Indian or Alaska Native individuals compared with the general US population, with rates that "consistently surpass those among all other racial and ethnic groups," the CDC researchers note. However, in recent years, that gap has widened even more, their new findings show. The rate of suicide among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons increased nearly 20% from 2015 to 2020, from 20.0 per 100 000 to 23.9 per 100 000. In contrast, the rate increased by less than 1% among the overall US population. Suicide rates vary by race and ethnicity, age, and other factors, such as geographic region, according to the CDC. Among racial and ethnic groups in the US, those with the highest suicide rates were non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native and non-Hispanic White populations. Other groups in the US with disproportionately high rates of suicide include veterans, people who reside in rural areas, and people working in certain industries and occupations, such as mining and construction. Because suicide is preventable, it is important to understand the types of factors that might contribute to suicide risk among different groups, to allow for interventions specifically tailored to those groups. "Suicide is a complex problem with multiple contributing circumstances that affect different communities differently," said the researchers, noting that previous studies have analyzed suicide characteristics and circumstances in only a limited number of states. In the new analysis, the CDC researchers used National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data from 49 states (excluding Florida), Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. This state-based surveillance system collects information from death certificates, coroner or medical examiner reports, and law enforcement reports on the characteristics and circumstances of suicide and other violent deaths. The researchers excluded NVDRS data on decedents younger than 10 years because of the difficulty in determining suicide intent in young children. From 2015 to 2020, NVDRS reported a total of 3397 suicides among American Indian or Alaska Native persons and 179 850 suicides among non–American Indian or Alaska Native persons, finding a number of differences between the 2 groups, including a higher proportion of suicides occurring in younger individuals. Nearly 75% of suicides among American Indian or Alaska Native populations were in those aged 44 years or younger, compared with less than half (about 47%) of suicides in other populations. The highest percentage of suicides in American Indian or Alaska Native populations (47%) occurred in those aged 25 years to 44 years, whereas suicide among non–American Indian or Alaska Native individuals was most common in those aged 45 years to 64 years. The circumstances of suicide were known for most of the decedents included in the analysis. Although American Indian or Alaska Native decedents were less likely to leave a note, they were more likely than non–American Indian or Alaska Native decedents to disclose suicidal intent before death and to have reported previous suicidal thoughts or plans. Author affiliations and article information are listed at the end of this article.


When treating sensitive modern and contemporary artwork materials, the degree of accuracy and the steadiness of heat transfer are essential in achieving the effective and safe consolidation of the paint, treating planar deformations and cupped cracks, and in the use of lining, enzymatic cleaning and other treatments. Most of the various heating instruments commonly employed today were developed for non-conservation uses and, lamentably, lack precise controls and an even heat distribution. These deficits limit the utility of these instruments and the degree of conservation success. This paper describes an innovation in both the design and methodology of heat transfer, using both flexible mats and e-textile mats made with nanomaterials. Both result in highly accurate and steady mild heat transfer. Flexible mild heating mats have been applied in a series of treatments since 2003. Multiple advances have since been made in their design and the protocols have been refined. Recent developments in nanomaterials have radically expanded the technical capabilities of heated mats, resulting in safer and more nuanced treatments. the safety of the artwork. Moreover, the high voltage requirements make these large units infeasible to use on site. How can conservators refine treatments using such blunt instruments? ACCURATE MILD HEAT (AMH) TRANSFER WITH NANOTECHNOLOGY Conservation treatment capabilities are being expanded and refined by the recent availability of AMH sources. Among the techniques being explored are flexible mats with features such as transparency, breathability, and the ability to conform to textured 3D surfaces. Equipped with advanced sensing and controls, the "smart" mats provide even and steady heat transfer in the mild temperature range (<40°C). An additional advantage is that they can be rolled up and transported to a work site, or stored when not in use. The size of the mat may be customized, but typical dimensions necessitate treating larger paintings in sections. While flexible heaters are broadly applied in the aerospace and life sciences, they have had limited use in conservation practice. A flexible mat design was first proposed by Ruhemann in the 1960s, but it was not developed. The colossal Panorama Mesdag (1881) in The Hague was lined in the 1990s with a perforated silicone rubber mat designed and built as a rigid heating platen by Jos van Och (SRAL). Nina Olsson and Tomas Markevicius used the first flexible heating mat prototype in 2003 to treat two murals on canvas (1937) by H.S. Sewell. The same methodology has since been further applied in many other treatments, including the lining of a 17th-century painting by Willem van Aelst (1654) and, in 2010, for the lining of the upper fragment of Veronese's Petrobelli altarpiece (1565) (Olsson and Markevicius 2010). The methodological advantages realized in these early applications encouraged the pursuit of additional features to compliment the accuracy and versatility of the new portable heat-transfer system. Both transparency and permeability to airflow and water vapor were desirable, since humidity is often used in conjunction with heat transfer. However, technologies based on wound wire or etched foil heating precluded advances beyond the industrial status quo. The solution was found in electrically conductive nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNT) or silver nanowires, which could be exploited to realize transparent and permeable heating mats. Nanocoatings can be applied to air-permeable textiles or yield transparent coatings that efficiently heat up surfaces of any size. Their very rapid thermal response is an important factor in maintaining steady warming. Innovation of the new heat-transfer system became the main focus of the European IMAT project,1 during which CNT heating mats were designed and created in ultra-thin profiles with non-tack surfaces, in transparent and permeable forms, using electronic textiles woven with CNT yarns (Table 1). The project also resulted in the design of a novel heat sensing, control and monitoring system that provides even heating with an accuracy of 0.1°C (Figure 1). In contrast to heating tables, which require power up to 350 V, IMAT operates at 36 V, which is safe to the operator (as it cannot pass the human skin barrier) and falls under the EU Ultra Low Voltage (ULV) Regulations. ULV makes the IMAT an ideal multiuse portable instrument


Abstract The response to the COVID-19 pandemic has, from the outset, been characterized by a strong focus on real-time data intelligence and the use of data-driven technologies. Against this backdrop, this article investigates the impacts of the pandemic on Scottish local government's data practices and, in turn, whether the crisis acted as a driver for digital transformation. Mobilizing the literatures on digital government transformation, and on the impacts of crises on public administrations, the article provides insights into the dynamics of digital transformation during a heightened period of acute demands on the public sector. The research evidences an intensification of public sector data use and sharing in Scottish local authorities, with focus on health-related data and the integration of existing datasets to gather local intelligence. The research reveals significant changes related to the technical and social systems of local government organizations. These include the repurposing and adoption of information systems, the acceleration of inter and intraorganizational data sharing processes, as well as changes in ways of working and in attitudes toward data sharing and collaborations. Drawing on these findings, the article highlights the importance of identifying and articulating specific data needs in relation to concrete policy questions in order to render digital transformation relevant and effective. The article also points to the need of addressing the persistent systemic challenges underlying public sector data engagement through, on one hand, sustained investment in data capabilities and infrastructures and, on the other, support for cross-organizational collaborative spaces and networks.


Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are very useful for communications in areas with very little or no infrastructure. However, that very lack of an authoritative management infrastructure makes it imperative that nodes cooperate by passing traffic fairly and securely. The use of a reputation or trust management system can identify failed, misbehaving or malicious nodes. One aspect of trust management that has been relatively overlooked is the trust distribution service. In this paper, we usea trust model that uses local observations from all nodes in the network to calculate per-node reputation using a trust matrix. We have developed a gossip-based distribution service that reduces network-wide reputation convergence time by prioritising critical trust updates. Simulations show that this distribution service substantially outperforms naïve gossip and provides insight into optimal node density for epidemic-based routing schemes in resource constrained networks.


CONTAMINATED AIR AND WATER, CONGESTED HIGHWAYS AND SKYWAYS, HAZARDOUS AND UGLY POWER AND COMMUNICATION LINES, INCONVENIENT AND UNCOMFORTABLE MASS TRANSIT ARE AN INHERITANCE OF AN AGE NOT GIVEN TO SYSTEMATICALLY PLANNING AHEAD. THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO TRANSIT AND UTILITY PLANNING MUST THEREFORE BE REINFORCED WITH INNOVATION, NOT ONLY IN SYSTEM DESIGN, BUT IN THE WHOLE PLANNING PROCESS. THIS PAPER PRESENTS AN INTEGRATED UTILITIES AND TRANSIT SYSTEM INVOLVING CONSIDERABLE EXPENDITURE OF OUR NATIONAL RESOURCES. THE INTENT OF SUCH INNOVATION IS TO FORWARD A TREATISE FOR SUBSEQUENT ANALYSIS USING THE SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMING, PLANNING AND BUDGETING APPROACH IN EVALUATING THE RELATIVE COSTS AND BENEFITS. /AUTHOR/