Sir, The intricate relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and invasive alien plants (IAPs) needs to be better understood. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in shaping the outcomes of plant invasions by influencing invasive alien plants' biology and ecology. One significant impact is their effect on plant nutrient acquisition. Invasive species often exhibit rapid growth rates and aggressive competitive abilities, partly attributed to their efficient uptake of limiting nutrients through AMF symbiosis [1]. The enhanced nutrient uptake conferred by AMF allows invasive plants to proliferate even in nutrient-poor soils, giving them a competitive advantage over native flora. IAPs can have varying effects on mycorrhizal communities, depending on their symbiotic dependency and other plant traits. Some invasive species may hinder AMF and affect native plant competitiveness. Others may modify the mycorrhizal community to their advantage. These interactions can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of invasive species and the ecological consequences of their establishment [2]. Invasive alien plants can disrupt ecosystems and displace native flora, leading to a decline in biodiversity and ecological imbalances and they can cause significant economic losses by reducing agricultural productivity and affecting natural resources [3]. It may be useful to highlight the role of AMF in the establishment and spread of IAPs, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. Ageratum conyzoides, Parthenium hysterophorus, Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa and Prosopis juliflora have invaded vast areas, negatively impacting native plant diversity, agricultural productivity, and human health [4]. These IAPs often exhibit high levels of AMF colonisation. The interaction between AMF and IAPs can affect soil microbial communities and nutrient-cycling processes. AMF can alter the composition and activities of soil microbial communities, which, in turn, can influence ecosystem functioning [5]. Invasive plants with high AMF colonisation may modify soil microbial communities to favour their own growth, disrupting native soil processes and affecting the diversity and functioning of associated plant communities [6]. Exotic plant invasions can alter the diversity, richness, and functioning of soil microbial communities. Understanding these impacts is vital for effective management and restoration strategies aimed at mitigating the ecological consequences of IAPs. AMF associations with IAPs are specific and different invasive plant species can exhibit preferences for AMF species or strains, and these associations can vary across geographic regions [7]. Targeted management strategies will depend on the associations of the specific AMF species or strains with different IAPs. AMF-based biocontrol strategies have been explored, using specific AMF strains or communities that are antagonistic to invasive plants [8]. By introducing or enhancing the presence of these INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 2023, VOL. 80, NO. 5, 1209–1211 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2023.2224697


diplomacy, as well as that of other countries not touched upon by the book. While the book may seem somewhat eclectic in design at first glance, the introduction provides a logical storyline which flows throughout the stand-alone articles and makes clear how they hang together as a whole. Readers will get more from a specific contribution by reading the introduction first. It could be argued that, in explaining the connective mindshift's meaning, context and resurgence, the introduction employs a US-inspired point of departure, but as the book contains various articles dealing directly with non-Western cases, its value is not limited to any geographical location. It would have been interesting if the book had included a specific conclusion, reflecting a final overview of the different chapters' findings and summarising the editors' forward-looking perspectives. Despite this, the absence of concluding remarks is somewhat remedied by Part III, which partially builds on the other sections and offers a fuller picture of the 'connective mindshift'. In short, adding to the sum total of knowledge in the field and offering ideas opening new doorways for thoughts and practices, this book will be a revelation to all who open its cover.


We study the critical properties of the weakly disordered p-component ferromagnet in terms of the renormalization group (RG) theory generalized to take into account the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) effects coming from the multiple local minima solutions of the mean-field equations. Recently it has been shown that for p<4 the traditional RG flows at dimensions D=4- epsilon , which are usually considered as describing the disorder-induced universal critical behaviour, are unstable with respect to the RSB potentials as found in spin glasses, and a new type of stable one-step RSB fixed point has been discovered. Here it is demonstrated that for a general type of the Parisi RSB structures there exist no stable fixed points, and the RG flows lead to the strong-coupling regime at the finite scale R* approximately exp(1/u), where u is the small parameter describing the disorder. The physical consequences of the obtained RG solutions are discussed. In particular, we argue that discovered RSB strong-coupling phenomena indicate the onset of a new spin-glass-type critical behaviour in the temperature interval tau < tau * approximately exp(-1/u) near Tr. The possible relevance of the considered RSB effects for the Griffith phase is also discussed.


Abstract We consider the C*-algebras constructed from certain hyperbolic dynamical systems. The construction, due to Ruelle, generalizes the C*-algebras of Cuntz and Krieger. We discuss relations between the C*-algebras, show the existence of natural asymptotically abelian systems and investigate the K-theory and E-theory of these C*-algebras.


This paper presents a review of the various applications of feedback in optical systems. There are two general areas, optical image processing and bistability. In optical image processing both coherent (optical spatial feedback network internal to an optical resonator) and hybrid (TV) systems are discussed. In the area of bistability there are molecular systems (atoms in an optical resonator), both absorptive and dispersive; hybrid (employing electronic feedback) single-beam and many-element (TV and spatial light modulator-based) systems. All the systems are discussed. A detailed model showing the many facets of molecular bistability is presented along with a discussion of catastrophe theory applied to optical bistability.


The study of the Cardiovascular System Neurovegetative Andino, is a worthy subject of a lengthy investigation, as has peculiar complexities that apparently put him on the sidelines of the facts commonly observed in Physiology sea level. The secret of adaptation to life at high altitude is, in our opinion, in the field of Neuro-endocrinology, and in the process not only play important role mechanisms for better utilization of atmospheric oxygen, but the mechanisms to prevent acapnia, which is easily reached by the exaltation of the first. One of the things that has drawn attention in the operation of the Andean Cardiovascular Neurovegetative is the post-effort, bradycardia upon which various concepts have been issued without definitive conclusions. The action-sensitive glass on the heart rate zones appears to play an important role in the development of this phenomenon.


The paper shows the fundamental problems in the area of investment funds in terms of tax burden with special regard to closed-end real estate funds. Based on the characteristics of administrative costs, the study shows that closed-end real estate funds do not behave as investment funds. The study proves that closed-end real estate funds behave more like businesses that are hiding behind investment funds. This conclusion is confi rmed on the basis of extensive research, by collecting data from annual reports of independent auditors of all types of funds. More than 51 percent of closed-end real estate funds indicate very high administrative costs and profit reduction by more than half. More than 17 percent of funds decrease their taxable income through higher administrative costs, and thus reduce their tax base to zero or to an absolute minimum. The study points out that if there was a tax-neutral environment in the area of the investment funds in the Czech Republic and investment funds paid 19% tax on corporate income, tax revenues for the state budget would increase by CZK 784 million per year.


The pace of retail evolution has increased dramatically, with the spread of the Internet and as consumers have become more empowered by mobile phones and smart devices. This article outlines significant retail innovations that reveal how retailers and retailing have evolved in the past several decades. In the same spirit, the authors discuss how the topics covered in retail education have shifted. This article further details the roles of current technologies, including social media and retailing analytics, and emerging areas, such as the Internet of things, machine learning, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and robotics, all of which are likely to change the retail landscape in the future. Educators thus should incorporate these technologies into their classroom discussions through various means, from experiential exercises to interactive discussions to the reviews of recent articles.


As the main content of terrestrial ecosystem study, vegetation coverage change has gained extensive attention in the process of global climate change and sustainable development recently. Based on MODIS NDVI data from June to October during 2000-2010, taking Longnan City as a case area, this paper develops the calculation method of vegetation coverage (VC) by using Pixel Dichotomy model and analyzes the spatial-temporal variation of vegetation coverage in the West Qinling region by using simple linear regression and standard deviation method. The results show that vegetation coverage remains stable and is significantly correlated with temperature and precipitation during the decade. The vegetation coverage of 90% of study area shows stability with small annual variation and also is consistent with the spatial distribution of forest land; the vegetation coverage in the remaining study areas shows a growing trend with significant variation and also is consistent with the spatial distribution of farmland and grassland, especially in Huicheng Basin, Xili Basin and adret slope of Bailongjiang River Valley, indicating that Project about the Conversion of Degraded Farmland into Forest has made a great contribution to vegetation coverage increase. This paper proves the effect of ecology construction in the West Qinling region since the late 20th century. All the findings also provide references for local ecological environment construction and sustainable development.


In social and psychological research, respondents are often asked to report the frequency of a behaviour by checking the appropriate alternative from a list of response categories provided to them. Previous research indicated that respondents extract comparison information from the range of the response alternatives, assuming that the average respondent is represented by values in the middle range of the scale, and that the extremes of the scale represent the extremes of the distribution. Extending this line of research, the present studies demonstrate that the users of a respondent's report are also likely to use the range of the response alternatives as a frame of reference in evaluating the implications of the report. Specifically, subjects are found to draw different conclusions about the respondent's personality (Experiment l ), or the severity of his or her medical condition (Experiment 21, from the same absolute frequency report, depending upon the range of the response scale on which the frequency was checked. Moreover, experienced medical doctors were as likely to be influenced by scale range as first-year medical students, suggesting that the phenomenon is of considerable applied importance. Implications for the use of response alternatives in psychological research and diagnostic judgement are discussed.


This interactive session includes a focus group dealing with the theory and measurement of learning from simulations and experiential exercises. A discussion of the "how to's" of this technique is provided along with evaluation of its potential as a assessment tool in this area.


In this PhD thesis, I characterized and quantified the spatiotemporal effects of path dependency among landslides in Collazzone study area, in Umbria region, central Italy, and that means landslides themselves increase the susceptibility for future landslides. Such effects was strong in about a decade with an exponential decay response over time. In this aspect, a modified time-variant landslide susceptibility model was proposed reflecting the spatiotemporal effects of landslide path dependency. The effect of landslide path dependency was better captured in pixel-based landslide susceptibility models, and improved the performance and accuracy of these models substantially.


Loss of temporal coherence is observed in a two-beam interferometer composed of 1800 m-long fibres with 1.3 μm and 1.5 μm zero chromatic dispersion wavelengths. Experimental results fully explain and reflect theoretically predicted ones concerning both the magnitude of degree of coherence and the shape of the coherence curve with respect to the optical path difference.


In computing eigenpairs of the matrix pencil, one
obtains a linear system of equations. In this work, we show how a block
triadiagonal preconditioner in GMRES can be used to solve a large sparse
unsymmetric system of equations inexactly using a fixed and decreasing
tolerance. While the fixed tolerance solver converged superlinearly to the
eigenvalue of interest, the decreasing one converged quadratically. This
surpasses an earlier result which converged harmonically.


BACKGROUND: Industrial surfactants are biologically complex organics that are difficult to degrade and may cause ecotoxicological risks in the environment. Until now, many scientific reports have been devoted to the effective treatment of surfactants employing advanced oxidation processes, but there is no available experimental study dealing with the optimization and statistical design of surfactant oxidation with the well-established H2O2/UV-C process.

RESULTS: Considering the major factors influencing H2O2/UV-C performance as well as their interactions, the reaction conditions required for the complete oxidation of a commercial non-ionic textile surfactant, an alkyl ethoxylate, were modeled and optimized using central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Experimental results revealed that for an aqueous non-ionic surfactant solution at an initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 450 mg L−1, the most appropriate H2O2/UV-C treatment conditions to achieve full mineralization at an initial pH of 10.5 were 47 mmol L−1 H2O2 and a reaction time of 86 min (corresponding to a UV dose of 30 kWh m−3).

CONCLUSION: CCD allowed the development of empirical polynomial equations (quadratic models) that successfully predicted COD and TOC removal efficiencies under all experimental conditions employed in the present work. The process variable treatment time, followed by the initial COD content of the aqueous surfactant solution were found to be the main parameters affecting treatment performance, whereas the initial H2O2 concentration had the least influence on advanced oxidation efficiencies. The H2O2 concentration and surfactant COD were found to be more important for TOC abatement compared with COD abatement. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry


In the light of analysis on the similarity between the digital image watermarking model and spread-spectrum communication system,an idea for embedding one watermark for several times dependently by using orthogonal spread-spectrum code is proposed in the paper. Then,the image blocks are dividied into three types in DCT domain and matched with three coefficients respectively for embedding into the medium frequency coefficients of DCT by introducing the HVS model. Furthermore,the experimental results indicates that the scheme improves the robustness of the image watermarking to Gaussian noise,JPEG attack,cropping and to the median filtering.


Mossbauer spectroscopy was founded more than fifty years ago based on an outstanding discovery by the young German physicist Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer while working on his Ph.D. thesis. He discovered the recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence of gamma radiation and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1961 as one of the youngest recipients of this most prestigious award. His discovery led to the development of a new technique for measurements of hyperfine interactions between nuclear moments and electromagnetic fields. This method, with highest sharpness of tuning of 10–13, yields information on valence state, symmetry, magnetic behavior, phase transition, lattice dynamics and other solid state properties.


Turbidites are globally perceived as interesting areas where a significant amount of exploration interest exists from hydrocabon point of view. Generally, they are associated with deep marine settings. Many such turbidity channels were observed in Bhuvanagiri Formation of Turonian age during the post rift stage of Cauvery Basin. Stratigraphically this section sits on top of the Andimadam Formation which represents the synrift deposits. The Bhuvanagiri Formation of Cenomanian to Turonian age deposited as marine turbidity channels is primarily sandstone with intervening shale layers. The channel geometry was heavily influenced by laterally encroaching gravity induced mass debris flows that gave it's distinctive sinusoidal shape. Deciphering the facies distribution pattern vertically and laterally within turbidity channel is often highly complex and challenging. To address this problem, one should understand the turbidity channel morphology and its evolution with time. The present study addresses this depositional complex from the perspective of channel morphology at different geological time with the help of volumetric spectral decomposition and RGB color blending techniques. The study has highlighted the boundaries of Bhuvanagiri channel complex to a great accuracy and also showcased its lateral shift (channel axis) as the channel progresses from cenomanian to the end of Turonian in geological time. The outcome of the study can be used to generate better depositional model, which in turn help us in identifying areas of better reservoir facies to target in future exploration.


The utility model relates to a double-power source changeover switch operating device with mechanical interlocking. The utility model is characterized in that a motor is installed between two plastic shell circuit breakers which are installed on a base board; a cam, a clamping plate, a cover plate and a twist grip which are fixedly provided with guide posts are respectively sheathed on a motor shaft; a swinging arm which is provided with a positioning hole and one end of which is fixed on the base board through a positioning pin is plugged in the side of the clamping plate through the cover plate; a convex plate is fixed on the twist grip; besides, a limit switch is fixed on the base board. The utility model not only has the advantages of simple structure, small size and low cost, but also has the characteristics that self mechanical interlocking structure can be flexibly operated, has an accurate action and can effectively avoid misoperation.


Since the early 1970s, each moviegoer pays at any given theater one price for all movies, seven days a week, throughout the year. This pricing model is puzzling in light of the potential profitability of variable pricing that corresponds to demand characteristics. Another unique observation in the motion-picture industry is the legal regime that prohibits relational arrangements between distributors and retailers (exhibitors) and allows only certain forms of spot contracts. We study the persistence of the uniform pricing regime in the motion-picture industry and argue that the extreme legal constraints on the form and substance of vertical relationships in the industry could be the prime cause of the persistence of the uniform pricing regime. We explore additional hurdles to the transition to variable pricing in the motion-picture industry and argue that these hurdles could, in principle, be individually overcome. Nevertheless, it seems that the combination of the factors has an impact on the persistence of the practice. JEL Classification: D40, K21, L20, L82, M21, Z11 ^ For comments, conversations, and criticism we wish to thank Yoram Barzel, Richard Caves, John Coates, Alex Cooke, Josh Gray, Andrew Hanssen, Christine Jolls, Louis Kaplow, Mike Lewkonia, Scott Masten, Manuel Trajtenberg, Mark Weinstein, and the participants in the 2004 Annual Meetings of the American and Israeli Law and Economics Associations. This paper has also greatly benefited from many comments from the 1999 and 2001 LL.M. classes at Harvard Law School. For financial support, Orbach wishes to thank the John M. Olin Centers at Harvard Law School and the University of Michigan Law School and NYU Center for Law & Business. The usual disclaimer applies. * Orbach: University of Arizona College of Law and New York University School of Law, email@example.com; Einav: Department of Economics, Stanford University, firstname.lastname@example.com. Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press 2 "[A]dmission prices for films that are not hits and that leave theaters largely empty do not result in admission-price cutting. The exhibitors generally consider demand to be relatively inelastic. The question is whether they have tested this hypothesis with price changes for films of different quality." -Michael Conant "This is a pricing model which makes no sense, and I believe the entire industry should revisit it." -Edgar Bronfman, Jr. "First thing is price elasticity -i.e. you reduce the price of something and people will consume more of it. Then, we have the ability to yield-manage, to charge prices according to demand ... I'm taking that idea to cinema." -Stelios Haji-Ioannou


Objective:In order to obtain each regional comprehensive marking value of Yunnan province,the dimensionless constructing method was adopted to verify the regional classification correctness of 16 counties and municiplaities in Yunnan health resouces allocation in 2000.Methods:The dimensionless constructin method was used to create a formula of regional classification marking value based on the seven indicators retrieved from literature.Then,the seven indexes and their growth rates of each region were substituted into the regional classification marking value formula,and each region marking value was calculated and divided into different categories.Conclusion:The results of the two kinds of classification methods are consistent.The index selection is considered correct,representative and stable.The conclustion that Yunnan provinces is calssified into five types regions is reasonable.


With the arrival of real‐time 3‐D digital audio processing, techniques for acoustic space modeling and sound source spatialization have become of great interest for implementation in various multimedia applications, ranging from CD‐ROM authoring to video conferencing. In surround sound applications, where sound source localization is a primary objective, various digital signal processing (DSP) techniques can be employed to heighten the sense of source localization, often creating a stronger link between sound and image. In several multimedia applications, the degree of live interactivity can play a crucial role in the success of the application. For example, the underlying software in video games, acoustic space simulators, and air traffic monitoring systems (using auditory display) must render audio objects in a real‐time acoustically modeled space, based on varying position data supplied to these programs by the user(s). This paper will focus on sound source localization techniques and their use in various multimedia applications, and will examine key issues in implementation.


There is a fundamental difference between vocational education and General Education. Vocational Education produces students who are mainly hands on, who want to create products, and who want to be used by consumers, the so-called training goal of high quality, that is to say, the training of talents in the need to have the professional spirit must attach importance to the "craftsman spirit" training, only technical skills training is not enough. But in the way of "craftsman spirit" cultivation, we still have to rely on the inheritance of traditional culture, which is the root of the Chinese nation and has advocated "craftsman spirit" since history, therefore, the cultivation of the "craftsman spirit" in the vocational education must rely on the inheritance of traditional culture, must combine the two tightly, and must be to cultivate the "craftsman spirit" of the students in the lifeline of inheriting the excellent traditional culture of China, only in this way can the "craftsman spirit" developed in the vocational education students take root and grow in the fertile soil of traditional culture.


Pervin has performed a valuable service by examining an important and timely issue-the sufficiency of trait theory (and, more specifically, Big Five trait theory) as a general theory of personality. At the very least, he has framed the important issues for debate. Recently, there has been a great deal of headiness among some trait theorists-instigated by impressive, convergent evidence that five fundamental traits organize a great deal of the descriptive domain of personality. The enthusiasm has fostered extravagant claims by some that the Big Five has laid bare the structure of personality and provided the basis for a total theory of personality encompassing motives, thoughts, emotions, and everything else of any importance in personality. Pervin concludes that trait theorists have indeed found an impressive degree of orderliness in behavior that can be attributed to traits, but the picture, according to him, is far less sanguine than some trait theorists would have us believe. Predictive validity is at best modest, there is considerable disagreement as to what some of the Big Five are, and there is not even agreement among trait theorists about what a trait is. In addition, trait theories, according to Pervin, fall short in the following fundamental ways: They fail to consider the patterning of personality, they fail to take into account the difference between motivational and descriptive constructs, they fail to consider the dynamic interplay among constructs, and they fail to consider that traits fare far better as descriptive rather than explanatory constructs. Although I agree with almost everything Pervin has said, I do not agree with his view that trait theorists cannot represent organization, or patterning, in personality. Given all the permutations and combinations possible with five variables, there is a lot of room for patterning. Moreover, the patterning can be vastly extended by adding facets to the Big Five, as Costa and McRae (1985) did. Thus, patterning per se is not the issue, but the content of what is patterned. The problem with trait theory in general and Big Five trait theories in particular is that they don't have the right units for establishing useful patterns for understanding how people operate. Their units are useful for describing what people are like (structure) but not for how they operate (process). From my perspective, there are several reasons why a trait approach is not sufficient for an adequate theory of personality, not all of which coincide with the rea-


Background: To identify new molecular markers of bone marrow dissemination in human neuroblastoma (NB), we studied the transcriptome profiles of malignant neuroblasts established from the human MYCN-amplified IGR-N-91 model. Methods: This experimental model includes human neuroblastoma cells derived from a subcutaneous primary tumor xenograft (PTX), myocardium (Myoc) and bone marrow (BM) metastatic cells. Results: Gene expression profiles using Agilent oligo microarrays revealed a set of 107 differentially expressed genes in the metastatic neuroblasts. This set included up-regulated genes involved in chemoresis-tance, cell motility, neuronal structure/signaling, and the recently characterized GALNT13 gene encoding a glycosyltransferase that initiates mucin-type O-glyco-sylation. Because the glycosylation process is involved in the progression of primary tumor to metastatic disease , we investigated whether the most strongly up-regulated gene, GALNT13, might be a marker of bone marrow involvement in stage 4 NB patients. Importantly , no GALNT13 transcript was detected in the BM of healthy adults when analyzed by quantitative (n ؍ 3) and nested reverse transcription-PCR (n ؍ 4) assays. In contrast, GALNT13 transcripts were detected in 23/23 cytologically involved BM samples obtained at diagno


A control method for outside air flow is proposed based on the balance between the supply air flow rate and the differential pressure in the all-air conditioning system. The proposed method is investigated experimentally and compared with traditional differential pressure control method. The results show that the control performance of the optimized control method is superior to the traditional differential pressure control method, and reduces the fan energy consumption.


Considering the indiscrimination which the Spirituality, Religion, Religion concepts are often treated, the objective of this review is to discuss distinctions and point out its influences in the psychological context. The search has been done at the BVS, PsycINFO and SciELO databases, in the period from 2008 to 2013 and 11 articles were found, from which only seven could be utilized for the categorization, since they met the objectives of this work. The material found was subjected to the Content Analysis method. Thus, it was possible to distinguish the concepts, whereas the spirituality is understood as the broadest dimension. Spirituality and health have been studied to search for better treatments and individual suffering decrease. The religiosity is the believer's expression or practice which can be related to a religious institution. In the other hand, Religion is composed by specific beliefs and rites, understood as ways which guide to the transcendent's salvation. Though there's certain difficulty among the psychology professionals to understand and distinguish the spirituality, religiosity and religion concepts, and include them in their clinic, the spirituality being present in the psychologists' activities and in the therapeutic processes of the psychology services users in the public and private scope.


In this paper a semiparametric stochastic metafrontier approach is used to obtain insight into firmlevel competitiveness in Europe. We differ from standard TFP studies at the firm level as we simultaneously allow for inefficiency, noise and do not impose a functional form on the input-output relation. Using AMADEUS firm-level data covering 10 manufacturing sectors from seven EU15 countries, (i) we document substantial, persistent differences in competitiveness (with Belgium and Germany as benchmark countries and Spain lagging behind) and a wide technology gap, (ii) we confirm the absence of convergence in TFP between the seven selected countries, (iii) we confirm that the technology gap is more pronounced for smaller firms, (iv) we highlight the role of post-entry growth for competitiveness.


Electrochemical carboxylation of (E)- and (Z)-β-bromostyrenes (1) under an atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide with a platinum cathode and a magnesium anode in the presence of 20 mol % of NiBr 2 .bpy proceeded with retention of stereochemistry to give the corresponding (E)- or (Z)-cinnamic acids (2). The stereochemical outcome of nickel(II)-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylations was discussed by comparison with predominant formation of a (Z)-isomer from either (E)- or (Z)-β-bromostyrenes.


Interfacial charge and strain distributions inside artificial perovskite ABO3 heterostructures often affect intriguing physical properties that are important to device performance. Normally, both charge and strain coexist across the interfaces, and their exact roles in determining the properties remain elusive. In the present work, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) ultrathin films were grown on (001)-0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMNPT) single-crystal substrates to discriminate between the effect of charge and strain on the transport and magnetoelectric properties. In heterostructures with thicker LSMO films, the strain effect dominates the resistance and the magnetic moment depends on the external electric field. With the decreasing LSMO thickness, the butterfly-like resistance–electric-field (R-E) and magnetization–electric-field (M-E) curves become loop-like, indicating that charge effects dominate strain effects in determining the electric field that controls the transport and magnetic properties. Furthermore, soft-x-ray absorption spectra of 32 and 4 nm LSMO/PMNPT samples at the Mn L edge under an applied electric field of ±6 kV/cm indicate that orbital reconstruction also plays an important role in interfacial magnetoelectric coupling.Interfacial charge and strain distributions inside artificial perovskite ABO3 heterostructures often affect intriguing physical properties that are important to device performance. Normally, both charge and strain coexist across the interfaces, and their exact roles in determining the properties remain elusive. In the present work, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) ultrathin films were grown on (001)-0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMNPT) single-crystal substrates to discriminate between the effect of charge and strain on the transport and magnetoelectric properties. In heterostructures with thicker LSMO films, the strain effect dominates the resistance and the magnetic moment depends on the external electric field. With the decreasing LSMO thickness, the butterfly-like resistance–electric-field (R-E) and magnetization–electric-field (M-E) curves become loop-like, indicating that charge effects dominate ...


Inspired by the nature, there are many studies on the various types of surfaces, such as superhydrophobic surfaces, superoleophobic surfaces and super-slippery surfaces. In this study, we grew compact Co3O4 layers on pure aluminium and anodic aluminium oxide (AAO), and then super-slippery surfaces were fabricated on the two substrates by immersing in lubricating oil. In comparison with Co3O4 growth on pure aluminum super slippery surfaces, the Co3O4 growth on AAO super slippery surfaces showed longer super slippery time, demonstrating that porosity of substrates is a key factor in keeping super slippery property. The morphologies and compositions of the surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy. In addition, treatment with liquids at different pH values and the anticorrosion property of multiple-sheet layered super-slippery surfaces were tested by the measurement of water contact angles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Such high porosity and good anticorrosion property may provide a good understanding for producing slippery-liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS).


ObjectivesThe setting angle of the cup is important for achieving the stability and avoiding the dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is difficult to set the cup at correct angle in m...


Atomization principle and affecting factors of multi\|function high velocity oxygen fuel spraying system were presented. A special jet atomization nozzle was designed with high atomization effect and easily to fabricate. Atomization affecting factors included the size of nozzle, pressure drop, physicochemical property of atomization medium, pressure and temperature of combustion chamber. The atomization type was low speed jet atomization during ignition, but high\|speed jet atomization during spraying.


In this paper,in terms of two-dimensional TWS radar,the tracking algorithm is thoroughly investigated.The algorithm with better real-time,tracking characteristics and versatility is developed.Puts for ward the modified Kalman filter in polar coordinates,and compensates the affect of the pseudo-acceleration,the maneuvering acceleration and its variance are under adaptive control.


Channel estimation in rapidly time-varying or short and bursty communication scenarios is costly in terms of both pilot overhead and co-channel interference. In recent work, it was shown that multipath delay-diversity can be exploited to detect multiple co-channel user signals, provided that the relative multipath delays for the different users are distinct, and the two multipath 'taps' of each user have roughly commensurate power. These requirements may not hold naturally, however, especially for relatively narrowband or short-range transmissions with small delay spread. As an alternative, this paper advocates using dual-antenna transmission in a manner that introduces artificial multipath and tight control of the power of the two channel taps, via baseband processing at the transmitter. The approach enjoys theoretical guarantees and affords simple decoding and accurate synchronization as a side bonus. Similar claims have been previously laid using packet repetition via a single transmit-antenna, but the dual-antenna artificial multipath scheme proposed herein doubles the transmission rate relative to packet repetition. Laboratory experiments using programmable radios are used to demonstrate successful operation of the proposed transmission scheme in practice.


This document presents the Functional Design Criteria for installing Liquid Observation Wells (LOWS) into single-shell tanks containing either ferrocyanide or organic waste. The LOWs will be designed to accommodate the deployment of gamma, neutron, and electromagnetic induction probes and to interface with the existing tank structure and environment.


There is a growing need for this understanding, as the performance requirements for engineered rubber products such as tyres, anti-vibration mountings, hoses and seals have increased over the last few decades and are expected to become even more stringent in future. The trend of weight reduction and increases in operating temperature have made it increasingly difficult to meet service requirements, while elastomeric components are required to last longer because of an increase in warranty periods offered for vehicles and engineered appliances. In the tyre industry, the conflicting demands of weight reduction and reduced rolling resistance coupled with increases in abrasion resistance and wet and dry friction performance make the designer's life difficult. Moreover, it cannot be assumed that chemists will continue to invent new rubbers with superior performance characteristics. Therefore, all rubber components will have to be designed and manufactured using robust engineering principles to ensure that they comply with the expected performance and longevity requirements.


The Precursor-Arg (PA) dimer model shown in Figure 1 of the main text, which was used for predicting distance distributions (Figure 2, main text) and as a starting point for molecular dynamics simulations (Figure S6), was not generated by the ColabFold implementation of AlphaFold2, as stated in the text, but by the SWISS-MODEL server (swissmodel.expasy.org). The input sequence was that of Primordial-(HhH)2Arg, and the template structure was the C-terminal (HhH)2Fold domain from PDB ID 2nrv chain A. To generate a symmetric dimer structure, the first HhH motif of the homology model, which adopts a canonical conformation, was extracted and overlaid onto the second half of the structure. The N-terminal α-helix of each monomer was extended by two residues (Arg1 and Ile2) because these residues were absent from the homology model obtained from the output of SWISS-MODEL. We thank Lars Eicholt for alerting us to the mistake and apologize for the error. ■ REFERENCES (1) Mirdita, M.; Schütze, K.; Moriwaki, Y.; Heo, L.; Ovchinnikov, S.; Steinegger, M. ColabFold: making protein folding accessible to all. Nat. Methods 2022, 19, 679−682. (2) Biasini, M.; Bienert, S.; Waterhouse, A.; Arnold, K.; Studer, G.; Schmidt, T.; Kiefer, F.; Cassarino, T. G.; Bertoni, M.; Bordoli, L.; Schwede, T. SWISS-MODEL: Modelling protein tertiary and quaternary structure using evolutionary information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014, 42, W252−W258. (3) Longo, L.; Despotovic,́ D.; Weil-Ktorza, O.; Walker, M.; Jabłonśka, J.; Fridmann-Sirkis, Y.; Varani, G.; Metanis, N.; Tawfik, D. Primordial emergence of a nucleic acid binding protein via phase separation and statistical ornithine to arginine conversion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2020, 117, 15731−15739.


The paper proves that philosophy is not science. Philosophy will be dispelled if it is made scientific, pragmatised, and demonstrated. It is impossible to come to an end as a human self-conscious sense. Philosophy exists between science and theology and it is man's ideology towards a significant world, an inner theoretical and practical persuasion and faith, and a genuine spiritual mainstay. Science cannot take the place of philosophy or vice versa. Science and philosophy are both colorful flowers cultivated by man.


: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus seriously affects human development at a global level, with greater expression in African countries. Its devastating impact on health is enhanced in poverty environments, and has repercussions on demographic indicators, such as average life expectancy at birth, health care, age, gender distribution. One of the main mechanisms of transmission of the virus is vertical transmission, both through breastfeeding and at the time of delivery. At the Centro Materno Infantil N.ª Sr.ª da Graça, in Benguela/Angola, the HIV diagnosis process in pregnant women is carried out, as part of prenatal surveillance. In the study, the prevalence of HIV is identified, and the respective therapeutic process is described, with a view to preventing vertical transmission. The HIV diagnostic procedures carried out are carried out by elements subject to specific training and comply with the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health of Angola and the World Health Organization. The observed prevalence value was 2.10 (n=95/4466). The protocol applied in pharmacological therapy is in line with MINSA guidelines, both for mothers and newborns. HIV prevalence in observed women shows a growing trend, and is associated with age. (X 2 (2)=7.9; p=0,019). It is significantly elevated in pregnant women aged between 25 and 34 years. The calendar year is associated with HIV+ prevalence, with a chronological increase, (X 2 (3)=24,31; p<0,001). The procedures carried out at the Center, regarding the treatment of HIV infection and PMTCT, are in line with the objectives of the intervention and national and international standards.


The purpose of this project is to complete the final project report of English Diploma Program in SebelasMaret University of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. I taught writing a recount text to the 8th grade students in SMP N 2 Gondang, Sragen for 2 months. Based on the job training in SMP N 2 Gondang, Sragen, This report describedthe process of teaching writing recount text; the process of students' writing recount text and the teacher' evaluation.
During teaching writing a recount text, I taught the generic structure and language features involving grammar, connector, conjunctions time, prepositions, adjectives and vocabulary. While the process of students' writing, the students were asked to produce a writing recount text based in their own experience which involved several steps: prewriting, writing, revising, editing. Before they produced writing recount, they had faced several exercises in order that the students got enough knowledge in developing their own writing. Additionally, I gave the students' result by using analytic scoring technique considering the content, organization, vocabulary, language used and mechanics.
As a result, the students of SMP N 2 GondangSragen were able to write a recount text based on their own experiences. The lowest score was 60 obtained by one student; whereas the highest score were obtained by seven students with the score of 86 and the rest of the students got the average scores.


The view that the role of European Works Councils (EWCs) is shaped predominantly by national industrial relations traditions in the company's country of origin derives largely from the experience of EWCs in companies based in continental Europe. This article argues that a more differentiated approach to the influence of national industrial relations factors on EWCs needs to be developed to take account of the circumstances of companies headquartered in the UK and the US, whose national industrial relations arrangements do not provide a strong institutional model for the EWC, and, in the case of US-based companies, where headquarters management has little or no direct involvement in the EWC. Findings from comparative case studies of EWCs in eight UKand US-based multinationals suggest that their character is shaped by the interplay between 'country of origin' factors, 'country of location' factors and company-specific considerations.


This paper analyzed the characteristic of the drug control technigue and the superiority of the multi-media teaching.The application of multi-media(include kinescope) in the drug control technique elite course was studied.It is stressed that the kinescope content should include not only the right operations but also the wrong operations that students tend to commit,which will be helpful to master the points of the drug control technique experiment.The multi-media teaching is helpful to the students' practical ability and the ability to analyze problem and solve problem.


Background: Worldwide tobacco usage is described as the single most important preventable cause of mortality and morbidity. Its rapid spread and widespread acceptance characters the addition. Only the mode of delivery has changed. In spite of the knowledge and proven association of major diseases with tobacco, its continued use is an important public health issue. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco abuse among adolescent age group in urban field practice area under Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at H. Siddaiah road, urban field practice area under Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute (BMC & RI), Bangalore during the period of August 2016- October 2016 among adolescents (both boys and girls) residing in that area. Sample Size was calculated to be 115. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire by interview method. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results: Out of 115 study individuals, 71 (61.73%) have used some form of tobacco. 64 (55.65%) individuals have used a smoking form of tobacco, of which 42 (65.62%) were boys and 22 (34.37%) were girls. 28 (24.34%) individuals have used a smokeless form of tobacco, of which 19 (67.85%) were boys and 9 (32.14%) were girls.Conclusions: Tobacco has posed a major threat to the upcoming generation. Health education should be given to the adolescents regarding health hazards due to tobacco use.


Abstract : A numerical sedimentation study was conducted on the Ohio River in the vicinity of Mound City, Illinois. The purpose of the study was to evaluate shoaling tendencies between river miles 971 and 973.2. The model was used to determine if raising the elevations of two existing transverse would reduce shoaling at that location. First the model was run in a base (as is) condition, and calibrated to both hydraulic and sediment field measurements. Then the crest elevations of the existing dikes were raised by one foot. Plan condition simulations were then made for a steady-state bankfull flow of 498,650 cfs (14,120.4 cms) , and an unsteady simulation consisting of a 48 day hydrograph from 14 Jul 31 Aug 2012, which had a peak flow of 152,000 cfs (4,304.2 cms) . The steady state simulation showed a difference of 0.16 ft (0.05 m), between the base and plan conditions, and for the unsteady simulation a difference of 0.33 ft (0.1 m). These results indicate that raising the structures 1 foot has little effect on shoaling in the navigation channel. In the future this model can be modified to test additional structural and/or operational changes that might reduce shoaling.


Faust or Frankenstein—ho is the model for the scientist confronted with the political and social implications of his work? A new ethos or the old? The author is associate professor of sociology at Purdue University, (West Lafayette, Indiana), and co-editor of The Sociology of Science (Free Press, 1962) and Explorations in Social Change (Houghton Mifflin, 1964).


Pressure driven and electrophoretic flows of fluorescent nanofibre filaments in a microchannel were observed and discussed. Behavior of filaments in the flow was then compared with theoretical predictions and models. The experimental results can be useful to validate numerical simulations of suspended micro and nano filaments in a microchannel flow.


Robert Bernasconi (RB): Jonathan, to get us started, tell me about your background and what brought you to focus on the intersections of existentialism and racism?Jonathan Judaken (JJ): Well, I grew up in a Jewish family in Johannesburg in Apartheid South Africa. And I think all of those very specific facets of my upbringing are important to the trajectory of my work. My work has been a process of unthinking and dismantling and coming to terms with a past, a family, a legacy that very much defines who I am. I'm attempting to understand myself within the broader frameworks within which I grew up. I left South Africa permanently when I was twelve. This was in the immediate aftermath of the Soweto Riots that were steered by the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa, under the leadership of Steve Biko, a thinker whose framework is so clearly influenced by existentialism.


: natural pest-holes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) are widespread in the Russian Federation, including Saratov region. The activation of natural pest - holes leads to a complication of the epidemic situation. The registered incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is currently characterized not only by sporadic and group incidence, but also by epidemic outbreaks, which indicates the need to pay more attention to increased vigilance in the diagnosis of cases of HFRS, as well as to focus on preventive measures that should be directed to links of epidemic process. Purpose: to analyze the outbreak of HFRS in Saratov region in 2014 and 2019, as well as to identify factors that affect the intensity of the epidemic process. Materials and Methods: Data provided by FBUZ "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Saratov Region", obtained and systematized from forms 058/у.It should be noted that the following factors have a significant contribution to the formation of an outbreak of HFRS: the climatic features of the territory, the number and infection of small mammals. The infection of small mammals with hantavirus is an unstable indicator, capable to grow rapidly, but only if the number is high.


We evaluated the phosphorus fertility of 19 typical, California, annual grassland, pasture soils by comparing nine soil P tests: total, Bray and Kurtz methods 1 and 2, two Olsen extractions (1:10 and 1:20 soil: extractant ratios), and the "North Carolina," Truog, Morgan, and Bingham methods. Soil P test results were correlated with subclover-annual grass forage production and P content in the field and in the greenhouse. Correlation of soil P with actual yields and P uptake was generally better in the field than in the greenhouse. Phosphorus in the Bray and Kurtz 1 and the Olsen 1:10 and 1:20 extracts gave the best predictions of field forage production (respectively, r = 0.82, 0.73, and 0.67; P < 0.01). The relative values of the various tests in predicting field forage P content were quite similar with actual yields. The Bray and Kurtz 1 method was the most precise (r = 0.87), and the Olsen extracts were also highly correlated (P < 0.01). Bray and Kurtz 1 extractable soil P accounted for about 67 percent of the variation in subclover-annual grass forage yield and about 76 percent of the variation in forage P content. These were about 14 percent higher than with the Olsen extractants. When we consider relative precision and facility (a 60-second extraction time), the Bray and Kurtz 1 method appears to be of greater potential value for routine testing of annual pasture soils in north-coastal California.


One way of helping faculty understand the integral role of writing in their various disciplines is to present disciplines as ways of doing, which links ways of knowing and writing in the disciplines. Ways of doing identified by faculty are used to describe broader generic and disciplinary structures, metagenres, and metadisciplines.


The distribution of aniline between benzene and aqueous sodium chloride solutions was studied at 10, 25 and 35°C. The data obtained was used to calculate the activity of the amine under the different conditions.

The dissociation of aniline hydrochloride was studied at different temperatures, different concentrations and in presence of different concentrations of sodium chloride, by the distribution method.5 The ratio of the activity coefficients of hydrogen and anilinium ions was calculated for the different conditions. The relationship between the activity of the free amine in water, and salt concentration, was studied.


Growth of mangrove propagules, they have been irradiated with glow corona plasma discharge, has been observed in the mangrove forests located in the village of Ujung Alang , District Kampung Laut, Cilacap , Central Java, Indonesia. Irradiation used electrode that have geometry point-plane. Electrodes made from stainless stainless and electrode point amount 63. Point electrode is as anode and plane electrod is as cathode. At the time of irradiation, mangrove propagules placed on the cathode. Irradiation was performed for a group, where each group contained 10 mangrove propagules for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 minutes. Mangrove propagules, that have been irradiated, were planted in mangrove forests. Observations at the age of 2, 4, and 6 months after implantation were showed that plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight and dry weight of plants mangroves that have been irradiated showed differences when compared with mangrove without irradiation treatment. Mangrove propagules, which were irradiated for 35 minutes, experienced the most rapid growth, the number of leaves at most and leaf width is the greatest than other.


This article studies the relation between crime and inequality and between crime and poverty in Mexico using reported crime data from 1963 municipalities from the years 2000 and 2005. It uses two measures of crime, property and violent crime, and two measures of inequality, one for income and one for education; it also distinguishes between the concepts of mean income and poverty (marginality). The results show a positive relation between crime and inequality and poverty in cross section regressions. When we control for heterogeneity, the relation between violent crime and poverty is lost and the regressions lose much of their explanatory power. This means that although there is a strong relation between crime and variables such as inequality, poverty, migration and others, once a higher level of crime is reached, perhaps governments cannot use these variables to decrease it


The operative technique of pyelolithotomy for the removal of renal calculi in the dog is described. Three selected cases are used to illustrate its application. Pyelolithotomy may be a better technique than nephrolithotomy for the removal of renal calculi that have enlarged the renal pelvis and proximal ureter outside the confines of the renal parenchyma.


Traditional Si solar cells have a narrow active absorption cross section among the short wavelength range (200–400 nm). The down-shifting process can efficiently improve the spectral response of Si solar cells by converting shorter wavelengths (i.e., ultraviolet, UV) to longer wavelengths (i.e., the visible range). Here, ZnSe quantum dots (QDs), prepared by an aqueous solution method and employed as a luminescent down-shifting layer, were spin coated onto the upper surface of manufactured Si solar cells. Measurements under standard test conditions (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2) show that the efficiency of the ZnSe QDs–Si hybrid solar cell is increased from 11.48% to12%. The improvement of the ZnSe QDs–Si hybrid solar cell is ascribed to the efficient down-shifting process of ZnSe QDs, which enhances spectra response in the UV region for Si solar cells. The mechanism of this optical coupling and efficiency enhancement is investigated in detail. These results support the case that low-cost ZnSe QDs can be employed as ...


The separator plays a key role on the performance of passive air-breathing flat-plate MFCs (FPMFC) as it isolates the anaerobic anode from the air-breathing cathode. The goal of the present work was to study the separator characteristics and its effect on the performance of passive air-breathing FPMFCs. This was performed partially through characterization of structure, properties, and performance correlations of eight separators presented in Part 1. Current work (Part 2) presents a numerical model developed based on the mixed potential theory to investigate the sensitivity of the electrode potentials and the power output to the separator characteristics. According to this numerical model, the decreased peak power results from an increase in the mass transfer coefficients of oxygen and ethanol, but mainly increasing mixed potentials at the anode by oxygen crossover. The model also indicates that the peak power is affected by the proton transport number of the separator, which affects the cathode pH. Anode pH, on the other hand, remains constant due to application of phosphate buffer solution as the electrolyte. Also according to this model, the peak power is not sensitive to the resistivity of the separator because of the overshadowing effect of the oxygen crossover.


At the beginning of James I's reign, a petition campaign, the Hampton Court conference, numerous tracts, and considerable effort in Parliament all failed to overcome the king's adamant defense of the forms and practices of his episcopal church. In a milieu of deprivations and perception of declension, Henry Jacob, one of the organizers of the petitioning, denounced the illegitimacy and dangers of prelatical church government in several tracts between 1604 and 1609, advocated congregationalism, and outlined the basis for a second conference to bring continuing religious disputes to a close. In 1609, having achieved no success, Jacob turned away from scriptural arguments for reform and instead boldly adopted the novel reason-of-state political language to request "toleration" for politically loyal nonconforming Protestants. Jacob relied on "axioms of pollicie" and recent examples to demonstrate that necessity sometimes determined that toleration, while unpalatable, was the most prudent political course (as the new language had it). James's handwritten marginalia on this tract reveal his continuing antipathy toward any reform he believed derogated from his monarchical "interest." The variety of arguments Jacob employed illustrates both the difficulties facing early Jacobean reformers and the often-unrecognized degree of flexibility and development in their thought and tactics. In asking for toleration as a royal favor, Jacob also illustrates the seventeenth-century nonconformist dilemma of achieving desired ends through doubtful means.


When couples move in they often implement a joint budget and, in many cases, the potential savings is one of the prime reasons for moving in together. In many instances this is true but, when a breakup occurs, unresolved financial issues normally makes matters worse.


This article presents design and implementation of discrete components based ultra-wideband high speed SPDT switch. Here switch and equalizer are designed separately and integrated with LNA in a single housing. Individual semi active and passive components are designed in 2½ D and 3D full wave EM simulator for 1–18 GHz frequency. Layout implementation of whole circuit has been in CPWG technique instead of normal microstrip line for achieving more isolations between nearest two arms at highest frequencies. Then full system analysis is carried out in 2½ D software of all components. Very high speed driver also designed using simple transistor and NAND gate circuits. Measured results of the proposed switch are found in good agreement with the simulated results.


It has been claimed that gentamicin assays on the serum of jaundiced patients give falsely low levels and suggested that the antibiotic in such sera is bound to bile acids and thus is partly inactivated. No evidence of such inactivation has been obtained (i) in the serum of jaundiced patients treated with gentamicin, (ii) in sera with high bilirubin contents to which gentamicin was added, or (iii) when bile or bile acids were added with gentamicin to normal serum.


The article presents some basic information of the courier companies existing in Poland. Describes also the basic functional properties of the vehicles, their dimensions and assessment of the effectiveness of the company DHL, DPD and GLS. Addition, there are trends in the transport courier..


Meloxicam (MLX) is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug that is prescribed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. MLX is practically insoluble in water and exhibits a slow onset of action. In this study, MLX solid dispersions (MLX SDs) were prepared to improve the water solubility of this poorly water-soluble drug. Then orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) of MLX were developed using MLX SD to decrease the onset of action of this drug. MLX, poloxamer 188, and crospovidone of different ratios were melted in molten poloxamer 188 as a hydrophilic carrier. The optimum SD with the highest saturation solubility in water (13.09±0.34 microgram/mL) consisting of MLX: poloxamer 188: crospovidone in the ratio of 1:2:0 was used for the preparation of MLX ODTs. MLX ODTs were prepared by the direct compression method and optimized by the 23 factorial design. The effect of the superdisintegrant concentration, the mannitol-avicel ratio, and the level of compression force on the disintegration time, hardness, and percent of dissolved MLX from MLX ODTs after 30 min was evaluated. DSC and XRD analysis approved an amorphous form of MLX in SDs. The optimized ODT formulation containing 10% of superdisintegrant, and mannitol and avicel in the ratio of 4:1 respectively was compressed using a high level of compression force. The optimized ODT showed hardness (34.37±2.1 N) and friability (1.26±0.04%). This formulation showed a rapid disintegration in 12.66±2.5 seconds, which 82.66±5.1% of the MLX released within 30 min. MLX ODTs, prepared from MLX SD, could be introduced as a suitable dosage form of MLX with improved solubility and the onset of action.


To the Editor.— The sign of Leser-Trelat is just one of a number of cutaneous markers of internal malignancy and refers to the sudden appearance of a large number of seborrheal keratoses in association with the development of cancer. 1 Not only does one see an increase in number of keratoses, but preexisting lesions seem to increase in size in just a matter of days. The significance of the association has been questioned because the incidence of cancer as well as seborrheal keratoses is high in the elderly and, generally, it is the older patient who develops this sign. 2 However, the clinical situation can develop so dramatically that one must consider that this association of internal malignancy with the appearance of these benign cutaneous lesions is real and statistically significant. We would like to report such a patient who made believers out of skeptics. The majority of patients exhibiting


The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment chemicals and in particular relates to a biocide-algaecide for circulating water and a preparation method thereof. The biocide-algaecide is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 6%-50% of polyethylether dichloride tetramethyl ethylene diamine, 8%-20% of hydrogen peroxide, 0.3%-2% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 0.5%-8% of hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid and the balance of deionized water. The preparation method of the biocide-algaecide comprises the following steps: adding deionized water, the polyethylether dichloride tetramethyl ethylene diamine, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid and the hydrogen peroxide into the same reaction kettle according to component content in sequence, and stirring for 30-60 minutes at a temperature of 10 DEG C-35 DEG C. According to the invention, the special-purpose biocide-algaecide for a water system of circulating water which is reclaimed water and wastewater is stronger, more lasting and more complete in killing performance for microorganisms and moss in the circulating water, and better in peeling slime produced by the microorganisms, is quick and obvious in sterilizing and algae-removing effect, less in dosage, free of foams and beneficial to industrial production.


The purpose of this study was to: (a) determine the dependency of the perceptions of actual instructional activities on the roles of teacher and principal and, (b) determine the dependency of the perceptions of ideal instructional time for each of the same speech communication activities on the roles of teacher and principal. The problem was investigated by: (a) a review of literature related to the problem; (b) the development of a questionnaire; and (c) a tabulation, analysis, and comparison of the data gathered. The research was conducted in sixty-nine elementary schools which were members of the Christian Schools International. The major conclusions of the study indicated that: (a) teachers and principals do not have a stereotyped or generalized view of speech communication activities; (b) teachers and principals did not consistently agree or consistently disagree on the actual and ideal amount of instructional time for the fifty-three speech communication activites; (c) teachers and principals generally indicated actual and ideal instructional time in those categories of "no time" to "less than 1/2 hour" per week for most speech communication activities and (d) principals who do not teach demonstrated more significant differences from teachers in perceptions of actual and ideal instructional time than did principals who also teach. The major recommendations were: (a) additional research should be conducted to determine the profitability and consistency of the design used in this research; (b) Christian Schools International should consider the development of units or lessons for some groups of speech communication activities and workshops to increase the perceived value of speech communication activities; and (c) teachers and principals should develop a greater awareness of the differences between experiential and instructional activities, of the integration of instruction in speech communication and of the basis for their curriculum decisions. ACTUAL AND IDEAL INSTRUCTIONAL TIME OF SPEECH COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL by DARYL JAY VANDER KOOI A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of


The electric and magnetic current volume integral equation formulation is developed for the electromagnetic scattering analysis of arbitrarily shaped 3-D bianisotropic objects. The eigenvalue spectrum of the operator is derived and analyzed in the case of bi-isotropic media. The effect of inhomogeneity and bianisotropy on the spectrum and convergence of iterative solutions is investigated numerically.


The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting and controlling the tilting buckle head of band steel in the rough rolling process. The actual head tilting or buckle head condition of the rolled band steel can be detected by using head tilting and buckling detectors arranged above roller beds and between the roller beds and then the rolling speeds of an upper roller and a lower roller for biting the band steel can be automatically adjusted when the next band steel is rolled, so that upper surface band steel and the lower surface band steel consistently extend and the aim of controlling the tilting buckle head of the band steel can be achieved, wherein the control belongs to the feedback control. According to the invention, the rolling speeds of the upper roller and the lower roller can be adjusted by detecting the actual head tilting or buckle head condition of the band steel, and the detection process is not influenced by logged water, fog, the roughness of the rollers, the elevation of a rolling line, the amplitude of rolling reduction, the thickness of the band steel, the rolling speed and other factors, so that the invention has high accuracy of controlling the tilting buckle head, effectively improves the rolling quality of steel plates and the operation safety of operators and reduces the labor intensity.


We develop and test a model in which swap spreads are determined by end users' demand for and constrained intermediaries' supply of long-term interest rate swaps. Swap spreads reflect compensation both for using scarce intermediary capital and for bearing convergence risk— i.e., the risk spreads will widen due to a future demand-and-supply imbalance. We show that a proxy for the intermediated quantity of swaps—dealers' net position in Treasuries— flipped sign during the Global Financial Crisis when swap spreads turned negative and that this variable predicts the excess returns on swap spread trades. Exploiting our model's sign restrictions, we identify shifts in demand and supply and find that both contribute significantly to the volatility of swap spreads.


This report explores the impacts a university climate change course has on those enrolled in the course. The research quantitatively measures and compares opinions, attitudes, and knowledge among groups, then qualitatively explores the responses of the group to identify course impacts. The results show reasons people enroll in the course, how they have or will change their behaviors, how they communicate with others about the topic, identifies a range of open response categories, and how they apply the knowledge and solutions outside of the course. Tables display detailed responses. Conducting more research and analysis can expand this area of research.


In this paper a new wind wave spectrum is proposed. During the course of the wave formation, the wind speed and duration together with the fetch appear in the spectrum as parameters, and if either the duration or the fetch has attained the magnitudes required for the fully developed waves, the spectrum exhibits features similar to those of the growing wind wave spectra of Prof.Wen's. As the waves become fully developed, only the wind speed is left in the spectrum as a parameter, the spectrum being thereby reduced to a form similar to that of Roll-Fischer's. The proposed spectrum not only simplifies wind wave analyses, but also permits such important characteristics of the wind waves as height, period, and fetch necessary for the full development of waves to be expressed in analytic forms instead of diagrams and charts. The results based on the proposed spectrum have been compared with observations; so far as the cases examined are concerned, the results here obtained show better agreements than those given by the currently employed theories within the wind speed range of 6-20 metres per second.


Submitted for the MAR17 Meeting of The American Physical Society Melt Miscibility in Block Copolymers Containing Polyethylene and Substituted Polynorbornenes. WILLIAMMULHEARN, RICHARD REGISTER, Princeton Univ — Very few polymer species exist with a sufficiently weak repulsive interaction against polyethylene (PE), characterized by a low Flory parameter χ or interaction energy density X, to be useful for preparing PE-containing block copolymers with disordered melts at high molecular weights. Most suitably miscible polymers are chemically similar to PE, such as copolymers of ethylene with a minority content of an α-olefin, and so are only marginally useful for property modification due to similar physical properties like the glass transition temperature (Tg). However, the family of polymers consisting of substituted norbornenes prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and subsequent hydrogenation is unique in that many of its members exhibit very low X against PE (comparable with the interaction energy between poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) and PE), and some of these also exhibit high Tg. The miscibility between PE and a substituted, hydrogenated ROMP polynobornene, or between two dissimilar hydrogenated polynorbornenes, is a strong function of the substituent appended to the norbornene monomer. The mixing thermodynamics of this polymer series are irregular, in that the interaction energies do not follow X = (δ1 – δ2) 2 where δ is the solubility parameter. However, other systematic trends do apply and we develop a set of mixing rules to quantitatively describe the experimental miscibility behavior. We also investigate statistical copolymerization of two norbornene monomers as a means to continuously tune miscibility with a homopolymer of a third monomer. William Mulhearn Princeton Univ Date submitted: 09 Nov 2016 Electronic form version 1.4


The present invention has a surface including the nitride layer, the production of the seamless metallic hollow body forming the respective seamless tubing by the multi-stand rolling mill, in particular rolled rod as an internal tool in a stretch forming of the hollow block of metal on. To increase the useful life of the rolling rod, said rolling rod C =% Cr +% Mo + 1.5x % Si + 0.5x% Nb + 2x% Ti (1) 6.5 or more chromium equivalent Have the have a minimum hardness of 200HV0.5 measured at the surface of the rolling rod 0.5mm or less, at least 450MPa yield point of at 500 ° C., having a tensile strength of at least 600MPa at 500 ° C. consists heat-resistant steel material, the nitride layer starting from the surface it is proposed to have a more depth and 950HV0.5 more nitride hardness 0.15 mm. The present invention is hot rolled metallic hollow seamless relates to a process for the particular production of steel pipes, wherein previously produced hollow bodies, multi-stand by previously stated rolled rod is screwed therein has received instructions for stretch forming rolling machine, and prior to the screwing start into the hollow body of the rolling start i.e. the rolling rod, said rolling rod is provided with a liquid lubricant, and then dried, the rolled rod is screwed with a predetermined clearance relative to the inner diameter of the hollow block at least 10 mm, and in immediately prior to the start of the screwing of the rod, where the hollow block, said at least has an average temperature of 1000 ° C., and seminal rod speed V S .The


approved: Redacted for Privacy Warren N. Suzuki Job aids are instruments used on the job to improve human performance by enhancing the knowledge and/or skills of performers. Conventional job aids are usually printed on paper; examples include checklists, recipes, and decision tables. Expert systems are computerized job aids which interact with novices to help solve problems normally reserved for human experts. Because expert systems emulate human intelligence, they are sometimes called intelligent job aids. The purpose of this study was to extend the body of knowledge concerning conventional and intelligent job aids. The intent was to learn what major differences and similarities exist in the design, development, and application of conventional and intelligent job aids. If meaningful differences in the application were found, an additional aim was to determine why they existed. Job aids were developed to assist technicians in diagnosing problems with Robert Bosch electronic fuel injection systems found on certain John Deere diesel engines. The job aids were validated and then field tested by 42 John Deere technicians. Subjects used both job aids to solve problems with a mock fuel system. The diagnoses were video-taped for later evaluation, and subjects proffered their opinions about the job aids through questionnaires and in interviews. For this project, the intelligent job aid contained more textual and graphical content and required significantly more time and resources to develop. In terms of accuracy and efficiency, the job aids were comparable. Most users preferred the intelligent job aid though it required more time to learn to use than the conventional job aid. The age, education, or experience of the users did not influence their opinions of the job aids. However, the order in which the job aids were used did affect opinions; subjects that used the conventional job aid prior to the intelligent job aid were more likely to prefer the intelligent job aid. Implications for job aid project selection, design, and application are provided. Developing Conventional and Intelligent Job Aids: A Case Study


This paper examines a series of documentaries produced in the period between 1956 and 1964 that document the activities of Italian migrants around the world (a corpus of more than 100 films and programmes altogether). These films, which record the dedicated and laborious nature of Italians around the globe, play a double role. On the one hand, they serve as a necessary adjunct to the establishment of a 'labour culture' in Italy, a central aspect of the compromise between labour unrest and the demands of capital in which the figure of the worker is continually praised. At the same time, they serve to obscure and rewrite the Italian collective memory concerning the legacy of Fascist imperialism and Italian involvement in colonial expansion, in the process recasting the Italian coloniser as the 'good worker'.


Metallization provides electrical routing and serves as thermal via in LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) technology. High electrical and thermal conductivity is desirable. It is often achieved with the use of low electrical resistance materials, such as gold, silver and copper. The conductive paste made of these materials is expensive. Hence, the fabrication of LTCC has to be performance-wise and cost effective. The width, length and thickness of metallization are associated with the amount of conductor paste used. The thickness of metallization governs the functionality and performance of some components, such as resistor. In this paper, the physical attributes of LTCC substrate and its metallization was studied. Due to the constraint brought by the physical attributes of LTCC samples, various methods had been carried out. This paper also summarized the pros and cons of each method. The methods are limited to the equipment available.


The adductor longus has become recognized as one of the more commonly injured muscles in the medial compartment. Acute complete rupture injuries occurring at the proximal aspect of the muscle are less common. Limited data exist regarding management of the injuries in athletes required for return to play and functioning. The current data favors operative management; however, nonoperative treatment may be a viable option. Nonoperative management of avulsion injuries of the proximal adductor longus tendon may prove equal results to surgical repair in return to play and functioning. A semi-professional football player sustained a left groin injury while participating in the play. Due to continued pain, swelling, and suspicion of injury, a magnetic resonance imaging was performed diagnosing a complete tear of proximal adductor longus tendon. Physical examination, strength, and range of motion were recorded until the patient was able to function normally without strength deficit, the range of motion loss, and the return of speed. The player was treated nonoperatively and was eventually allowed to return to play. The time of return to play was 6 weeks. Strength deficit was not appreciated or loss of motion and player was able to return to baseline function. Nonoperative management of complete avulsion injuries of the proximal adductor longus tendon result in faster return to play than operative management even if significant retraction is present.


This article describes the tension between standards-based assessment on a macrolevel and authentic assessment on a microlevel. Content standards arguably supply systematic criteria for quantitative measures to report trends and establish policy. Qualitative measures, such as rubrics, student profiles, and observational records, fill in the gaps to give teachers immediate feedback for instructional planning. The purpose of the article is to describe an observational tool for standards-based authentic assessment. Focused anecdotal records assessment (ARA) is a collection of techniques for recording, maintaining, and analyzing observational records. Five components are described: (1) observing children in instructional settings, (2) maintaining a standards-based focus, (3) recording anecdotal records, (4) managing anecdotal records, and (5) using anecdotal records for assessment. The article includes formats for recording specific standards, observational data, summaries of strengths and needs, and instructional recommendations. Focused ARAs help organize assessment data and facilitate communication with students, parents, and other members of the educational community.


Ac contactor has been identified as one of the devices vulnerable to the effect voltage sag. We studied the performance of an ac contactor during voltage sags to identify its susceptibility level by determining its voltage sags ride through characteristics. An experiment was conducted to test the ride through capability of a typical contactor when subjected to voltage sags. From the experimental results, the ride-through capability curve is constructed to identify its susceptibility area. However it is important that the characteristics can be simulated without having to perform laboratory experiments so that a simulation of a system that has contactors can be carried for any type configurations. For that purpose, this paper presents the development of an ac contactor model using digital simulation software. The simulation results compared well with the curve obtained experimentally and thus validating the model to be used for any type of voltage sag simulation, which involves a contactor.


Abstract In early Christian culture, prophets went into ecstasies while having visions and speaking by means of a spirit (enthusiasm). With the waning of prophetic activity in the second century, enthusiasm was not seen in many communal gatherings. When enthusiasm reemerged in Montanism during the late second century, church leaders claimed that speaking in ecstasy never existed as true prophecy in early Christian culture. They argued that true prophets always prophesied with a sound mind. The ecstasy of Montanism exhibited an unsound mind and looked like demonic possession; thus, Montanist prophecy was rejected as false. This paper theorizes that enthusiasm's absence contributed to the critics of Montanist ecstasy who were not used to enthusiasm and therefore did not recognize it as an early Christian practice.


The purpose of this study was to describe the health and healthcare experiences of immigrant Latinos compared to USA-born Latinos, Whites, and African Americans in Greater Cincinnati, Ohio, a nontraditional immigrant destination area. Immigrant Latinos had significantly worse physical and mental health than other groups and significantly more barriers to healthcare. Latinos rated the degree to which their town is socially accepting of Latinos. Lower social acceptance was correlated with worse mental health and more barriers to healthcare. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping techniques revealed geographic patterns in the association between social acceptance of Latinos and health outcomes.


The Cross Island Pipeline (CIP) consists of approximately 76.5 kilometers of 56-inch natural gas pipeline from Beachfield to Point Fortin and originally designed with a total of 2.8 kilometers of continuous concrete weight coat for buoyancy control. Alternate design and construction techniques were used to improve the efficiency of the pipeline construction methods used for the concrete coated sections. In areas where temporary work space was limited due to the crossing of foreign pipelines; or where induction bends were installed; or where the 56" pipeline closely paralleled existing pipelines, an alternate method of weighting had to be considered. Bechtel proposed alternative methods for buoyancy control such as installation of Concrete Strap-On Weights and the use of Geotextile Buoyancy Control Saddle Weights.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


Approximately 45 per cent of those engaged in engineering work are holders of a legal license to practice professionally, as against practically 100 per cent in all the other recognized major professions. With an awakening of professional consciousness, engineers should consider registration as an important contribution towards a greater profession.


We construct a framework for natural handling of incomplete and inconsistent information in temporal databases. Central to this framework are structures that we call time-varying paraconsistent relations, which are essentially 4-valued relations that vary over time. For such structures, we present an algebra based on temporal semantics in which there is no explicit manipulation of time indices, yet it is rich enough to express recursive equations as queries. The algebra is a consistent extension of the relational algebra; it supports basic algebraic equivalences, and has a well-defined formal semantics. We also provide many examples of queries expressed in this algebra. To our knowledge, our framework is the first treatment of inconsistent information in the context of temporal databases.


The cover element, primarily for use with Belisha beacons and other similar street lighting used at pedestrian crossings etc., is designed to be mounted on a post 1 by mounting elements and comprises a hollow body adapted to enclose the illuminating device and to receive a support element, the hollow body being secured at a first position 56 to the mounting means and at at least one other axially spaced position 57. Preferably the post forms the support element and the cover element preferably has two diametrically opposed apertures 52, the first aperture being adapted to receive the post and the second aperture being adapted to receive a securing element to secure the post and cover element together. The cover element may comprise two sections that can be secured together around at least part of the post and which may be secured together using flanges that extend from the rims of the cover sections. The cover sections may be hinged together and may include seals to prevent the ingress of water or dirt. The cover may include a gallery, that includes a seal, upon which the cover element is secured. The illuminating device may be a lamp or LED's which may be mounted to the post, within the cover element or to the spine of a modular post. The cover elements may comprise hollow, substantially hermetically sealed sections 54,54' within this the illuminating device(s) are contained. The support element may comprise a stem that is attached to the post and extends through the hollow body of the cover element and which receives a fixing element at its other end that passes though the hollow body to secure it to the stem.


Crawler-type vehicles have a higher mobility on soft ground than wheel-type vehicles because of low-ground pressure and high-driving force. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamic interaction between the soil and the track shoes durine propelling on soft ground, but there are few studies on such phenomena. Also, the dynamic driving force, the dynamic Rround pressure distribution and the dynamic behavior of the vehicles have not been developed theoretically at all. In this paper, a suitable simulation model, which considers the dynamic effect of the soil, has been proposed, and the equations of motion have been developed by Lagrange's equation.


In the present work, a voltage tracking controller is developed for DC-DC Buck-Boost converter using software model. The software developed can track the voltage and the mode of operation (Buck or Boost), which depends on the value of the duty cycle ratio (D). The error between 𝑉 𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑓 (reference voltage) and output voltage is minimized by using step input as reference. The simulation results show that the designed software controller can successfully track the voltage with low error and with short settling time. The values for the Buck-Boost circuit components, the capacitor and the inductor, are tuned and selected so that the system is robust for large variation in the input voltage.


A general leaflet providing guidance on formulating an outbreak policy for the control of infectious disease in Care Establishments in the Community.. Includes a definition of an outbreak and a list of notifiable diseases. Further contact details are provided.


Generalized Langevin equations (GLEs) can be systematically derived via dimensional reduction from high-dimensional microscopic systems. For linear models the derivation can either be based on projection operator techniques such as the Mori–Zwanzig (MZ) formalism or by 'integrating out' the bath degrees of freedom. Based on exact analytical results we show that both routes can lead to fundamentally different GLEs and that the origin of these differences is based inherently on the non-equilibrium nature of the microscopic stochastic model. The most important conceptional difference between the two routes is that the MZ result intrinsically fulfills the generalized second fluctuation–dissipation theorem while the integration result can lead to its violation. We supplement our theoretical findings with numerical and simulation results for two popular non-equilibrium systems: time-delayed feedback control and the active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.


Mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir-welded AZ31 based on variety post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) temperatures were evaluated, and an optimal PWHT condition was identified. At rotational speed of 1200 rev min−1 and welding speed of 300 mm min−1, the average yield tensile, tensile strength and elongation of friction stir-welded joints was 92.5 MPa, 199.1 MPa and 7.3%, respectively. It was found that (300°C – 1 h) heat treatment after welding was more beneficial than other heat treatments in enhancing the mechanical properties and homogenising grain size. The maximum yield and tensile strength was 139.9 and 238.4 MPa, respectively, tensile longitudinal and compressive transverse residual stress could be effectively eliminated, and the fatigue strength increased 34.2% comparing with as-welded joints.


Theoretical models impose a framework for viewing the policy process. Some emphasize institutional rules. Others focus on beliefs and values. This research, using a case study of substance abuse policy development within a local community context, examines three frameworks: the advocacy coalition framework (ACF), bureaucratic politics framework, and institutional analysis and development framework (IADF). The frameworks examine an early stage of policy development emphasizing group membership and participation. The results show that membership and participation were best explained using the ACF and the IADF. Strengths and challenges in using each framework are discussed, as well as implications for local policy making.


Many medical practices are struggling to keep up with even the modest inflation of the costs of doing business. For many, staff raises are out of the question. So, how do you keep the staff loyal and the morale level up under these conditions?


A completely (0-) simple semiring is a semiring R which is (0-) simple and is the union of its (0-) minimal left ideals and the union of its (0-) minimal right ideals. Structure results are obtained for such semirings. First the multiplicative semigroup of R is completely (0-) simple; for any Jf-class 7/(^0), H (u {0}) is a subsemiring. If furthermore R has a zero but is not a division ring, and if (H <J {0}, +) has a completely simple kernel for some H as above (for instance, if R is compact or if the ^-classes are finite), then (i) {R, + ) is idempotent ; (ii) R has no zero divisors, additively or multiplicatively. Additional results are given, concerning the additive ./-classes of R and also (0-) minimal ideals of semirings in general. A (0-) simple semiring R which has (0-) minimal left ideals and (0-) minimal right ideals need not be the set-theoretical union of its (0-) minimal left ideals, nor the union of its (0-) minimal right ideals; when R is equal to both unions, we say that it is completely (0-) simple. Our purpose is to describe the structure of these semirings. We prove that the multiplicative semigroup (/?, ■) of a completely 0-simple semiring R is a completely 0-simple semigroup. In case the ^-classes of R (which in this case coincide with that of (/?, •)) ar^ finite, it turns out that, if R is not a division ring, then (/?, +) is an idempotent semigroup and furthermore R has no zero divisors. In this case, we also give an explicit description of the addition of R in each ^-class of (/?, +) and study how it relates to the multiplication and the addition in other ^-classes. A complete explicit description of the addition of R is not attempted, since any idempotent semigroup is the additive semigroup of some completely simple semiring. The first section contains a number of basic results on 0-minimal ideals in semirings, culminating with the result that, if a 0-minimal two-sided ideal M of a semiring R with zero contains a 0-minimal left ideal of R, then it is generated by the union of its own 0-minimal left ideals (which coincide with the 0-minimal left ideals of R contained in M) (Theorem 1.9). Some of these results are used in §2 to give various characterizations of completely 0-simple semirings; namely, the following conditions are equivalent for any semiring R : Received by the editors December 22, 1969. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 1696.


Abstract : The paper presents the results of the analysis of contaminant releases made from two Skylark rockets fired on the morning and evening of 31st May, 1968. The wind profile, turbulent structure, temperature, and density of the atmosphere were determined. The significance of the results is discussed, in particular the diurnal variation. Some comments are made relating our observations to previous results - both of other workers and our own. (Author)


Abstract A highly efficient method for the synthesis of S-aryl dithiocarbamates is reported. By using tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) and aryl boronic acids as starting materials, C(sp2)–S bond-forming reactions proceed smoothly to give the desired aryl dithiocarbamates in good to excellent yields. The methodology features a simple procedure, broad functional group tolerance and excellent yields, whilst showing potential synthetic value for the preparation of a diverse range of biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds.


Aiming at wide variations in moment of inertia,large disturbed moment of a rocket launcher position servo system,a nonsingular fast terminal-sliding-mode control method is presented to achieve finite time convergence of the system,which avoids the singular problem of the conventional terminal sliding mode.Finally,simulation and experimental is performed.The results show that the proposed approach can improve the response speed and accuracy in comparison with the conventional terminal sliding mode control method.


The usage of native language through Internet is highly demanding now a day due to rapidly increase of Internet based application in daily needs. It is important to read all information in Bangla from the internet. Universal Networking Language (UNL) addressed this issue in most of languages. It helps to overcome the language barrier among people of different nations to solve problems emerging from current globalization trends and geopolitical interdependence. In this paper we propose a work that aims to contribute with morphological analysis of those Bangla words from which we obtain roots and Primary suffixes and developing of grammatical attributes for roots and Primary suffixes that can be used to prepare Bangla word dictionary and Enconversion/Deconversion rules for Natural Language Processing(NLP).