productions needing to be based on an ethos that encourages us to 'approach others involved in incommensurate reality productions with uncertainty, hesitancy, and forbearance' (p. 28). I wonder whether it would have been better to raise a film and stick with it. On pp. 38–9, for example, we have a brief foray into the Robert Duvall movies Tender Mercies (1983) and The Apostle (1997) in the context of St Paul's binary of the seen versus the unseen, but these could have been better structured and signposted. Here, there is a sense of an author in a hurry, flitting from one theorist or film to another, and the impression is that of the book being a moving target and the author trying to keep up with a succession of fragments and possibilities that constantly chop and change. There is a useful section in Chapter 2 on Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven (1992), which entails a reading with Robert Jewett (here spelled Jewitt), but it is not clear why it is being discussed other than 'because it provides a threshold to Pasolini's cinematic version of Paul's road story' (p. 50). This could have been a section in its own right, but instead we get a nod in the direction of Pasolini's Cinema of Poetry and the way in which 'Pasolini's cinematic protagonists are delivered through an image-translated free indirect discourse . . .which convey the political sensibility within which they act' (p. 52). So, Shapiro isn't really writing about Unforgiven at all! The book would also have been enhanced if it had ended with a conclusion rather than, as here, a series of elliptical notes about 'who is eligible to enter the inexhaustible conversation about how to experience life' (p. 169).


Interfaces between exfoliated topological insulator Bi2Se3 and several transition metals deposited by sputtering were studied by XPS, SIMS, UPS and contact I-V measurements. Chemically clean interfaces can be achieved when coating Bi2Se3 with a transition metal layer as thin as 1 nm, even without capping. Most interestingly, UPS spectra suggest depletion or inversion in the originally n-type topological insulator near the interface. Strong band bending in the topological insulator requires careful material engineering or electric biasing if one desires to make use of the spin locking in surface states in the bulk gap for potential spintronic applications


The medium voltage cable networks act important role in electric energy distribution. The most important part of cable lines are the cable joints and terminals from the point of view of failures. In the present case study breakdown of a cable terminal appeared repeatedly in a medium voltage distribution board. The possible reasons were: penetration of atmospheric overvoltage from the connected medium voltage distribution line, assembling inaccuracy, appearance of partial discharges by not properly building-up the distribution board or lack of fitting of the termination and the cable. All of the reasons were examined: data from relays and lightning detection system, fitting of termination in laboratory and the arrangement of distribution board were analysed. Stresses in service were simulated in the laboratory. The results and the methods of examination are discussed.


Decentralization of government authority given to the regional center is intended as an effort to promote community empowerment, growth aspirations and creativity, increase participation of local community in local governance. Therefore, understanding of regional autonomy is defined as an autonomous regional authority to regulate and manage the interests of local people own initiative based on community aspirations in accordance legislation. Medebewind is the assignment of government to the regions andlor village from the provincial government to local governments and I or village, to carry out as well as from local governments to the village. Kata kunci : Asas Desentralisasi, Tugas Pembantuan


© 2013 Aina et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Towards an Integrative Theory Approach to Sustainable Urban Design in Saudi Arabia: The Value of GeoDesign


N onpenetrating glaucoma surgery in expert hands is as efficacious as trabeculectomy for controlling IOP but results in significantly fewer complications, said Tarek M. Shaarawy, MD.


[Extract] Tourism has become one of the world's most important sources of employment. It stimulates enormous investment in infrastructure, most of which also helps to improve the living conditions of local people. It provides governments with substantial tax revenues. Most new tourism jobs and business are created in developing countries, helping to equalize economic opportunities and keep rural residents from moving to overcrowded cities. (UNWTO, 2007)

Sentiments such as these have supported and encouraged governments and development agencies in many countries to use tourism as a key tool for development (Hall and Jenkins, 1998; Forstner, 2004). Tourism has been seen as a particularly useful option for developing countries, and in rural and/or peripheral regions all over the world. Substantial resources have been invested in tourism by communities,governments and aid and development agencies. In Europe, for example, the EU claims to have spent more than €7 billion in 5 years on tourism projects
specifically aimed at creating alternative employment and revenue options for rural regions facing challenges in sustaining traditional agricultural practices
(European Union, 2003). The Australian government spent AUS$31 million in 2 years on regional tourism development projects (AusIndustry, 2005), while in Africa, the World Bank alone has US$3 billion invested in tourism development
projects (World Bank, 2006).


with the onboard diesel generators and energy storage system to meet the propulsion and service load, the all-electric ship (AES) can be viewed as a 'mobile microgrid'. Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) generation is gradually integrated into the AES for a 'greener' voyage. To fully utilise the PV energy, this paper proposes a joint generation and voyage scheduling method for the PV integrated AES. The overall model is formulated as a bi-level programming problem and solved by column-and-constraint generation method. The simulation results manifest that, the integration of PV into AES leads to reductions on both the fuel consumption and CO2 emission.


Contributions in: Concept Mapping, Teaching Concepts, NonCognitive Factors, Creativity, Students' Satisfaction, Identity, Retention, Curriculum Development, M-Learning, Technology Integration, Engineering Careers, Capstone Projects, Design Education, Software Design, Game Design, Big Data Processing, Virtual Laboratories, Simulations, Heat Transfer, Communication Networks, Construction Engineering


Fifty-five cross combinations along with their sixteen parents were transplanted in randomized block design to generate information on combining ability of antioxidants and economic traits in cabbage. The significance of mean squares of parents and line x tester interactions revealed the pervasiveness of additive and non-additive variance. Non-additive gene action was found to be predominant for carotenoid content, early maturity, frame spread, gross plant weight, net head weight, core length, harvest index, and head compactness, nevertheless additive genes were responsible for synthesis of ascorbic acid and expression of non-wrapper leaves in desirable direction. Golden Acre was found to be good combiner for seven economically important traits viz., carotenoid, earliness, net head weight, number of non-wrapper leaves, polar and equatorial diameter, and core length. Among 55 cross combinations, Pride of Asia × Red Cabbage, CMS-GA × AC-1019, CMS-GA × EC-490192, and Golden Acre × AC-1021 were most outstanding as indicated by respective high SCA effect. Majority of the cross combinations exhibited desirable SCA effects for various traits and involved at least one of the parents as poor general combiner, which signifies the greater importance of SCA than GCA in predicting hybrid combinations for desirable traits and scope for heterosis breeding for improving the traits of nutrition and economic importance.


The Reduced Beam Section (RBS) moment-resistant connection was introduced to the structural engineering community shortly after the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Since its introduction this connection has been incorporated into many moment frames throughout the world. Research related to the analysis of frames incorporating beams with RBS connections (RBS frame elements, Figure 1) lagged behind the physical testing of RBS connections, which assessed their ductility and robustness. However, in 1997 theses and research papers began immerging that provided technical insight into the stiffness matrix of RBS frame elements. Knowledge of the stiffness matrix of a two-dimensional RBS frame element is fundamental to the quantification of both the elastic and inelastic performance of structures that incorporate RBS connections. This paper discusses the mathematical problem formulation that is needed to determine the stiffness matrix of a two dimensional RBS frame element, proposed solutions to the problem, and approaches to accommodate the stiffness of the element when structural analysis software does not accept user-defined stiffness matrices.


Gravity modes are the best probes for studying the dynamics of the solar radiative zone, and especially the nuclear core. This paper shows how specific physical processes influence the theoretical g-mode frequencies for the ℓ = 1 and ℓ = 2 modes over a large range of radial orders n from -46 to -1, corresponding to potential SOHO observations. To this end, we compute different solar models, and we calculate the corresponding theoretical g-mode frequencies. These frequencies are sensitive to the physical inputs of our solar models in the high-frequency range of the oscillation power spectrum. At low frequency, we demonstrate that the periodic spacing (ΔPℓ) between two g-modes with consecutive orders n and with the same angular degree ℓ does not vary significantly from one model to the other. For all the models considered, including models based on recent solar chemical abundances, the value of the characteristic quantity P0, the fundamental period of the g-modes, is constant within a 1 minute range (between 34 and 35 minutes). This result is in sharp contrast to the situation before the launch of the SOHO spacecraft, when the dispersion for P0 was large (with values ranging from 29 to 60 minutes). Then, we estimate the sensitivity of the oscillation frequency splittings to the solar core rotation. Finally, we review some features of the g-mode observations obtained with the GOLF instrument and based on an almost complete solar cycle. Some of these help us constrain the excitation mechanisms of g-modes.


Summary form only given. A novel commercial geodetic survey receiver which uses advanced tracking and postprocessing techniques to produce a high-performance, high-quality, robust survey tool has been developed. The receiver makes use of the P code modulation, and its operation in the event of P code being encrypted into the secret Y code must be considered. The tracking mechanisms and measurements and postprocessing techniques with Y code on or off have been examined, and results demonstrating receiver performance in the surveying environment have been obtained.<<ETX>>


Objective To investigate the clinical features of acquired hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS) complicated with hepatic dysfunction.Methods Retrospective analysis of 24 cases of adult hemophagocytic syndrome with hepatic dysfunction who received treatment in our hospital between March.2010 and Aug.2012.The characteristics of hepatic dysfunction,the relationship between hepatic dysfunction and the cause,as well as prognosis of the acquired HPS were prelim inarily analysed.Results The characteristics of hepatic dysfunction in acquired HPS patients were hypoproteinemia,hyperlipidemia,jaundice and increase of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels.The level of LDH in the malignancy associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis group were higher than that in non-malignancy associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis group(P0.05).And the increase of AST levels or the reduce of albumin(ALB) indicated poor prognosis(P0.05).Conclusions Liver damage is a common organ functional disorder in patients with acquired HPS,which may be correlated to the cause and the prognosis of acquired HPS.


Due to the widespread use of direct current (DC) power sources, including fuel cells, solar photovoltaic (PV), and other DC loads, high-level integration of various energy storage systems, including batteries, supercapacitors, and DC microgrids, has become more significant in recent years. Additionally, DC microgrids do not experience problems with synchronization, harmonics, reactive power regulation, or frequency control like traditional AC systems do. The control of DC bus voltage as well as power sharing is complicated by the inclusion of various distributed generators, such as PV, wind, fuel cells, loads, and energy storage devices, in the same DC bus. Several control strategies, including centralized, decentralized, distributed, multilevel, and hierarchical control, are described to assure the secure and safe functioning of DC microgrids.


Abstract The paper addresses the topic of the unavoidability of contradiction in dealing with issues of scepticism – and how coherence can be restored to sceptical arguments and texts. It considers six classic paradoxes in the history of Western thought – of how language works to undermine and derail the coherence of thought. It also theorizes a philosophy of language approach to restore coherence in the classic instances discussed. As its major example, the paper explores how and why the image of successful, long-standing constitutions is a minimalist image through a discussion of the relationship between epistemological scepticism generally and textual scepticism specifically.


Sample set construction is an important step in the super-resolution reconstruction algorithm based on dictionary learning, which has an important impact on the training of dictionary and the effect of image reconstruction. When the sample set was built, the similarity between the sample blocks was not taken into account, which resulted in the redundancy of the sample set, thus increasing the time overhead of the follow-up dictionary training. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an effective method for constructing sample sets. By setting a reasonable threshold value of Euclidean distance similarity, the proposed method can ensure that the constructed sample set have structural anisotropy and diversity. When the number of pre-set blocks is the same, the training time of dictionary is reduced to about 50% of the original method, and the quality of image reconstruction is improved.


This is a personal response to rereading the Glinert and York [1992] article "Computers and People with Disabilities." Comparing the world of assistive technology as it was in 1992 and as it now appears is instructive in terms of the things which have changed --- and those which have not. The technology has certainly developed. This applies both to the mainstream and to the assistive technology which aims to make the mainstream accessible. So, in 1992, the GUI was a threat to visually impaired computer users; now there are powerful screen readers available. Yet what does not appear to have changed much is the fact that assistive technologies continue to lag behind the mainstream, constantly having to "catch up." Also, while there has been some increase in awareness of the need for accessibility, there is still scope for that awareness to be translated into action.


Because of the restrictions to the coherent length of laser in holograph,the object field can not be recorded as a whole,in addition,the object image becomes obscure and even has some dark(areas).Base on the theory that the coherence time of laser changes with the optical path and period,we compensate the optical path on the object optical path,and then use object lights with different optical paths to illuminate the object.In this process,we make both the optical length of the object and that of the reference light are even times of the length of the laser tube.By using this method,we have obtained a(satisfactory) holograph for a group of Terra-Cotta Horses and Armies at the filed of 150 cm×120 cm×30 cm.This paper presents a new method to solve the problem caused by the restrictions to the coherent length of laser in holograph and provides a good approach for expansion of depths of field in holograph.


: - This paper illustrates an atomic-scale finite element method AFEM to study the post buckling behavior of Carbon Nano Tubes CNTs. The computed energy curves and critical strain for the (8, 0) single-walled CNT SWNT agree with atomistic simulations. The AFEM is very fast and flexible outstanding to the competence of the finite element method. For the SWNT, the strain energy curves have apparent jumps at morphology changes and during the smooth continuation stages of post buckling, the strain energy varies in the linear order with the strain. For the double-walled CNT, there are only small strain energy releases, and the strain energy also changes approximately piecewise linearly with the strain. The morphologies are obtained in detail. AFEM is computationally rapid and is an alternative efficient way to study the post buckling of CNTs.


In exercise of its contentious jurisdiction, the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights has dealt with different concepts of criminal procedural law. Among them are the principle of coherence or correlation between the charges and the judgment, and the iura novit curia principle. The Inter-American Court has interpreted both principles in the light of the EL PRINCIPIO DE COHERENCIA Y EL PRINCIPIO IURA NOVIT CURIA EN LA JURISPRUDENCIA INTERAMERICANA Cesar Alfonso


ABSTRACT This study examined parent–child relationships wherein a parent engaged in an extramarital affair. Specifically, I investigated the impact of faithful parents' attempts to make their adult children feel caught on satisfaction in their relationship with their unfaithful parent in both intact and divorced families. Data were collected from adult children whose mother or father engaged in infidelity (N = 196). Results from moderation regression analyses suggested that the relationship between feeling caught and satisfaction in the unfaithful parent–child relationship was conditional on participants' parents' marital status following the discovery of infidelity. Further, results from a moderated mediation regression analysis found that rumination about a parent's infidelity had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between faithful parents' attempts to make their adult children feel caught and satisfaction in the unfaithful parent–child relationship. Findings provide readers a greater understanding of the impact of parental infidelity on the parent–child relationship and suggest that family communication which promotes rumination about parental infidelity should be examined in future research.


During the photoemission process, whereby the solid absorbs a photon and emits an electron, other excitations such as plasmons or phonons may be created. A calculation is presented of the excitation probability of both the surface and bulk form of these excitations. It is shown that electrons which originate near the surface excite mostly surface excitations, whereas those which originate deeper inside the solid have 8 higher probability of making bulk modes. The excitation rates for the hole are also included in a model which assumes that the hole is localized.

Dans le processus de photoemission, lorsque le solide absorbe une photon ou un electron, d'autres excitations, comme des plasmons ou des phonons, ětre crees. On prhsente un calcul de probabilite d'excitation de ces modes aussi bien a la surface qu'a l'intbrieur du solide. On demontre que les electrons qui ont leur origine pres de la surface provoquent, pour la plupart, les excitations de surface, tandis que ceux qiii ont une origine Plus profonde de I'interieur de la solide, ont une probabilith plus grande de provoquer des modes internes. Les taux d'excitation du trou sont enclus egalement dans un modhle qui suppose que le trou est localise.


Sign language is commonly used to interact with people who have speech and hearing disorders. Sign language was exploited for interacting with people having developmental impairments who have some or no communication skills. Communication using Sign language has become a fruitful means of interaction for speech- and hearing-impaired people. The hand gesture recognition technique is useful for dumb and deaf people by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and human–computer interface for recognizing the static indication of sign language. Therefore, this study presents a new Sand Cat Swarm Optimizer with Deep Wavelet Autoencoder-based Intelligent Sign Language Recognition (SCSO-DWAESLR) technique for hearing- and speech-impaired persons. In the presented SCSO-DWAESLR technique, computer vision and CNN concepts are utilized for identifying sign languages to aid the interaction of hearing- and speech-impaired persons. The SCSO-DWAESLR method makes use of the Inception v3 model for the feature map generation process. In addition, the DWAE classifier is utilized for the recognition and classification of different kinds of signs posed by hearing- and speech-impaired persons. Finally, the hyperparameters related to the DWAE classifier are optimally chosen by using the SCSO algorithm. For exhibiting the effectual recognition outcomes of the SCSO-DWAESLR technique, a detailed experimental analysis was performed. The comparative outcome highlights the superior recognition performance of the SCSO-DWAESLR method over existing techniques under several evaluation metrics.


(1) The important characteristics of three groups of luminescent materials (phosphor) used in the construction of screens for cathode-ray tubes have been described and some of the practical applications of these characteristics pointed out. (2) Some of the advantages and disadvantages of the ``slow'' screen tube, RCA 910, are discussed briefly and a description of the application of this tube to the study of heart sounds, or action currents from the heart and brain or peripheral nerves is made. (3) A method of erasing persistent phosphorescent tracings by means of exposing the tube screen to red light has been presented. (4) The general arrangement of the ``slow'' screen and ``fast'' screen cathode-ray tubes together with some of the associated control equipment of the polyelectrophysiograph has been described. This new laboratory instrument has proved extremely useful for both teaching and research.


This research aims to highlight the concept of synonyms and the views of scholars on its occurrences in the Qurʾān – having been divided between approval and denial. The study was carried by examining the purported "synonyms" in Sūrah al-Baqarah to form the basis for the methodological framework. Other relevant verses were given due attention as well. An analysis was done on selected cases to determine whether the words can be considered as synonyms or they are more accurately rendered as words with similar meanings. The use of synonyms in human speech is inevitable. The problem arises when the exact concept is applied in reading and apprehending the Qurʾanic texts. The
general laymen mostly did not pay much attention to details when it comes to the comprehension of the Qurʾān. This paper seeks to contribute in this subject and the research adopts the inductive and analytical approach. A conclusion will be provided at the end of the paper to present the result of this research.


This research of background by fact in field that result learn and skill read student in class of IV SD N 08 VII SD N 08 VII Koto Sungai Sariak, caused by the lack of student enthusiasm to read. Target of this research is to improve ability in reading intensive by using model of word square in SD N 08 VII Koto Sungai Sariak. Theory taken as in perceiving data is theory read told by Tarigan, while theory of Istarani explain about model study of square word. Method weared in this research is method Research Of Action Class ( PTK) by Arikunto, dkk. Result of research of showing that there is him of is make-up of ability read intensively of proved student at the height of ability and result read intensively of student pursuant to cycle of I 67,04 while at cycle of II mount to become 77,27. Pursuant to result of research can be concluded that by using model of word square can improve ability of student in reading is intensive. Keyword : Model square word, result of and skill read.


A new taxon of slime molds, Semimorula liquescens, is described. Light, TEM, and SEM studies were performed to assess the possible affinity of this taxon with the Myxomycetes and protostelids. In the course of plating substrata during a search for Myxomycetes, an unusual organism superficially resembling a minute myxomycete was obtained from dried, leached infructescences of Lythrum salicaria L. collected from Kirkland, Washington. During the past three years this organism has been isolated repeatedly from dried infructescences of L. salicaria and Solidago sp. collected in the vicinity of Seattle and Kirkland, Washington. As far as we can determine the organism has not been reported previously in the literature and therefore is described here as a new taxon. Its possible relationship to the Myxomycetes and protostelids is considered below. For details of the light, scanning and transmission electron microscopical methodologies utilized in this study, consult Haskins and Hinchee (1974), Haskins (1978a), and Haskins and Therrien (1978). All light microscopical observations were made with Zeiss apochromatic optics. The measurements presented in this report are based on a sample size of 100.


This article addresses the social and environmental challenges that cities are
facing today. The need to seek new horizons in the urban metabolism analysis is now certain, as the un-sustainability of cities as system becomes evident in the large amount of degraded land that is found within them. Under this approach, we present education for sustainability experiences Recycle City, a joint effort from the
administration, universities, research groups, NGO's and the population itself. In
order to make public the actions taken to recover Morro de Moravia, in the city of
Medellin, Colombia, RECYCLE CITY Exposition marked the beginning of an exercise to renew the role of territory and its relationship with people inside the city.


1. The aim of the work In the present study I will try both to demonstrate and prove the fact that Early Modern English spelling was characterized by the existence of no proper spelling code which would provide the language users with prescriptive rules. Although the process of standardization was just about to start at the end of the 17 century we will see in a specific example what form this process had at a particular time, in a particular geographical area and a particular society. To some the fact itself may well seem not to need any further discussion, yet I assume the source used as a basis for this study can neither be regarded as unattractive nor fully examined. The literal records of Salem witchcraft trials serve as an inexhaustive source of information offered not only to historians but also to linguists, both of whom can look at the problems from a different stand-point. My motivation to deal with this topic arose from a random encounter with the authentic verbatim transcripts of the texts and a possible interdisciplinary approach. On the whole, the merger of general history and history of language is still appealing enough to encourage research in its own right. The key concept of this study is an analysis of Early Modern American English orthography based on three randomly chosen pieces of text from the Salem Witchcraft Papers, ie. verbatim transcripts of the legal documents covering witchcraft trial proceedings which took part in Salem in 1692. The pieces include three legal cases, more precisely the case of Nehemiah Abbot Jr., John Alden and George Burroughs. I concentrate on spelling variations in a selection of words. First, the selection will be limited to words that do not follow the present-day American English spelling rules. Second, this group of words will be compared to contemporary 17 century spelling variants. Third, the results of the comparison will be duly analysed. The analysis will draw on the Oxford English Dictionary in electronic form.


DOI: 10.1002/admt.201600021 monodisperse droplets as well as polymeric microparticles. Different from the conventional inkjet printer with static nozzles, the DIP instrument has a dynamic nozzle periodically tapping an air–water interface. Similar to microfl uidic devices, the droplets are formed due to interfacial shearing instead of piezoelectric pushing used in inkjet printing. DIP devices are free of photolithography and can be manually assembled within several minutes. It produces highly uniform polymeric microparticles with precise control over size in a wide range. In addition to cost effective preparation, the printing module made of Tefl on and silica capillary tubes exhibits perfect compatibility with organic solvents and polymers. Figure 1 a illustrates the components and assembly of a typical DIP system. Polymer solution is injected by a programmable syringe pump into a water pool through a silica capillary tube connected with a gastight syringe via a Tefl on tube. A vibration system including an electric vibrator and a function generator provides the driving force for vibrating the silica capillary tube at air–water interface. In a typical DIP process, the silica capillary tube anchored on the vibrator, acting like a dynamic nozzle, periodically goes up and down across an air–water interface (Figure 1 b; Movie S1, Supporting Information). Along with the interfacial vibration, an oil phase is pumped out of the nozzle from the injection system into a water phase, which is sheared into a uniform droplet each time the nozzle leaves the interface. Without special statement, sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) serving as a surfactant is added in the water phase in order to stabilize the oil droplets. As shown in Figure 1 c,d, a model solvent of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) was printed into droplets with high degree of uniformity. At given fl ow rate and vibration frequency, the size of CCl 4 droplets is almost retained at a constant value (average diameter ≈31.8 μm, at fl ow rate of 0.06 μL min –1 and vibration frequency of 50 Hz). Statistical analysis reveals that the polydispersity index (PDI) of droplet diameters is as low as 4.4%. The DIP printed droplets render the possibility to serve as templates for preparing various polymeric microparticles. A volatile solvent of chloroform loaded with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was printed into monodisperse droplets followed with the evaporation of chloroform. As shown in Figure 1 e, complete removal of chloroform yielded solid PMMA particles with a narrow size distribution (Figure 1 f). To clarify the principle of droplet formation by DIP, the dynamic printing process was viewed and captured on a highspeed camera. As played in Movie S2 (Supporting Information) (recording frame rates, 2000 fps), the droplet outfl ows from the nozzle and grows bigger below the air–water interface. Each time the nozzle goes up above the interface, the droplet is sheared by the interface and escapes from the nozzle. The Polymeric particles of micrometer size have attracted tremendous attention in the areas of controlled release, [ 1,2 ] biomedical imaging, [ 3,4 ] optoelectronics, [ 5 ] reinforcement materials, [ 6 ] and photonic crystals. [ 7 ] In addition to exploiting particles with diverse shapes, great efforts have been devoted to improving the degree of particle uniformity and regulating particle composition. [ 8,9 ] The precise control over uniformity and composition of polymer particles has led to a remarkable increase of repeatability and reliability in their valid application. [ 10,11 ] Traditional emulsion ways provide a facile and large-scale platform for converting polymers into solid particles, while polymer particles as a result of solidifi cation of emulsion droplets always take the form of polydispersity. [ 12 ] The microfl uidic technique appears to be the most powerful tool to produce monodisperse droplets with the size ranging from several to hundred micrometers, affording great promise for the generation of polymeric microparticles with high uniformity. [ 13–21 ] However, serious deformation of elastomeric microchannels by organic solvent is always raised on account of the swelling issue. [ 22–24 ] This intrinsic incompatibility restricts the use of many theta solvents for dissolving particular polymers. Microfl uidic devices composed of silicon, [ 25 ] glass, [ 26–28 ] or perfl uoropolyether [ 29,30 ] have come into being which exhibit effective solvent resistance. Yet their preparation routinely relies on time-consuming and sophisticated microfabrication processes. The innovation of inkjet printing, e.g., Jetlab Printer, [ 31 ]


Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA(Received 29 September 2011; revised manuscript received 23 February 2012; published 3 May 2012)We propose a technique to extend noninvasive electro-optic detection of relativistic electron beams tobunchlengthsof ' 10 fs. Thisis made possible bydetecting thefrequencymixingthat occursbetween theoptical probe and the space charge fields of the beam, while simultaneously time resolving the resultingmixed frequency signal. The necessary formalism to describe this technique is developed and numericalsolutions for various possible experimental conditions are made. These solutions are then compared tosimulation results for consistency. Finally, the method to reconstruct the original bunch profile from theproposed diagnostic is discussed and an example showing a 15 fs test beam reconstructed to within anaccuracy of 15% is given.


Karyotype analysis of multiple translocation stocks of barley in which the translocated chromosomes could be distinguished from each other and from the remaining pairs revealed that chromosome 1 is not the longest chromosome in the normal karyotype. Estimates of the lengths of chromosomes 2 and 3 and the position of the breakpoints in T2-5a and T3-7d were also obtained. The data indicate that the breakpoint of T3-7d is in the short arm of chromosome 3 and not in the long arm as previously reported.


What is the problem and what is known about it so far? In 1999, the U.S. Institute of Medicine reported that mistakes in U.S. hospitals are alarmingly frequent. This report relied on studies that used doctors and nurses to review patients' medical records to identify mistakes. In these studies, the doctors and nurses looked at the medical records to first decide whether a patient had experienced a complication. Second, they had to decide whether the complication was related to medical care. Third, they needed to decide whether the complication was an expected side effect or was caused by someone's mistake. Judging whether someone made a mistake can be difficult when you have only the information in the patient medical record. Why did the researchers do this particular study? To learn more about the reliability of estimates of medical mistakes determined by medical record review. What was studied? 500 medical records of patients who had been hospitalized in Utah or Colorado in 1992. How was the study done? Three separate doctors reviewed each medical record according to the same set of instructions. The researchers then calculated how frequent mistakes were among the 500 patient records using different definitions. The definitions varied according to the number of reviewers and their level of certainty required to count a complication as a mistake. What did the researchers find? The estimated number of mistakes ranged from fewer than 1% (1 in 100) to more than 32% [32 in 100], depending on the rules set by the researchers. The following changes in the review process markedly decreased the estimates of mistakes: 1) increasing the number of reviewers from one to three and 2) requiring reviewers to be highly confident that a complication was due to a mistake. What were the limitations of the study? This study involved only three reviewers. The results might vary with a different set of reviewers. Moreover, there was no way to know for certain that a mistake had actually occurred. The number of mistakes found in these records is not an estimate of a patient's risk for being injured in a hospital. What are the implications of the study? It is difficult to determine from a review of patient charts whether medical mistakes have occurred. The estimates reported by the Institute of Medicine could be inaccurate.


OBJECTIVE:
To find out the effectiveness of RDI based OT intervention in improving social interaction and communication for children with autism.
DESIGN:
Pre-test – post-test quasi experimental design.
STUDY SETTING:
The study was conducted in the Occupational Therapy Department of KMCH, Coimbatore.
PARTICIPANTS:
Purposive judgment sampling technique was used and children with autism were recruited if they satisfied the selection criteria.
METHOD:
The participants were divided into experimental and control groups. Following the baseline evaluation on GARS-2, the children in the experimental group received RDI based OT intervention in addition to the conventional therapy, while the control group received only conventional therapy. The experimental intervention lasted for 2 to 3 months. The outcome measure was done, after the sessions for both the groups.
RESULTS:
The children in the experimental group showed significant improvements in the social interaction and communication skills. And also there was significant reduction of the stereotypical behaviors while comparing the descriptive statistics. The analysis showed that there is reduction in the severity of the symptoms for the children in the experimental group.
CONCLUSION:
The current study had proved that RDI based OT intervention is effective in improving the social interaction and communication skills for children with autism and it can be used as an adjunct to the conventional therapy. Thus, the results encourage occupational therapists to use RDI as an adjunct intervention in a holistic approach.


We make a thorough investigation of the asymptotic quasinormal modes of the four and five-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole for scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations. Our numerical results give full support to all the analytical predictions by Motl and Neitzke, for the leading term. We also compute the first order corrections analytically, by extending to higher dimensions, previous work of Musiri and Siopsis, and find excellent agreement with the numerical results. For generic spacetime dimension number D the first-order corrections go as $\frac{1}{n^{(D-3)/(D-2)}}$. This means that there is a more rapid convergence to the asymptotic value for the five dimensional case than for the four dimensional case, as we also show numerically.


1The papers for this special issue are based on a panel presentation at the American Anthropological Association Meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 3 December 2009, with contributors Ian Condry...


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the efforts of a Spanish SME, Bodega Pirineos, to combine technology and a customized strategy in communication management with its suppliers. This is extremely important because of the necessity to adapt its supply system to the characteristics of its micro‐suppliers, which are key trade partners of the firm.Design/methodology/approach – The approach used was a case study.Findings – The case study suggests how firms must adapt their supply relationships both with suppliers and with the environment. The paper shows that technology is not always enough. Firms need to understand their partners and to communicate with them.Research limitations/implications – This paper is based on a specific case study. Therefore, its recommendations may be successfully applied to other products in different settings and in other sectors.Practical implications – The ideas contained in this case study can help supply chain managers to reflect on the necessity of understandin...


This study investigates early changes in function and structure of glomeruli and proximal tubules due to tramadol addiction alone and in combination with cannabinoid. This included 72 males (G1 = 23 controls, G2 = 21 tramadol addicts and G3 = 28 tramadol coabused with cannabinoid addicts). We measured urinary parameters; urinary total protein (U.TP), urinary microalbumin (U.µ-alb), urinary alpha-1-microglobulin (U.α1m), urinary leucine aminopeptidase (U.LAP), urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (U.NAG). Urinary tramadol (U.Tr) was measured in G2 and G3, while urinary cannabinoid (U.THC) was measured in G3. In G2, levels of U.TP and U.µ-alb were decreased while U.α1-m, U.LAP and U.NAG were increased in comparison with G1. These changes were insignificant. In G3, all parameters were increased insignificantly when compared with each of G1 and G2. In addition, U.THC was significantly correlated with U.α1-m (r = 0.507, P < 0.01) and U.LAP (r = 0.888, P < 0.01) in G3, while U.Tr did not show any correlation with any parameter in G2 or G3. Tramadol addiction may affect only proximal tubules, while tramadol addition coabused with cannabinoid may cause glomerular functional impairment and increase the proximal tubular dysfunction than tramadol addition alone.


The Stata command REWEIGHT closely follows Creedy's (2004) paper, allowing the user to choose among 4 different distance functions. See the related HELP file for a detailed explanation of the syntax and for an example.


Taipingjing is an important document of early Taoism in Dong Han Dynasty,which features in its oral language.As a result,the language research is being studied,especially the words on which the academy field elaborate a lot.This papere has made use of the language materials in Taipingjing,studied 5 words and expressions: jiuqia(究洽);goukong(苟空);jujiao(拘校);bilian(比连);fenli(分理).All the efforts are to complement the missing words and correct the inappropriate ones in the explaination in dictionaries.


A field experiment was carried out in Sardinia (Italy) on durum wheat to analyse the effects of different moisture treatments, irrigated (I), rainfed (R) and stressed (S), on leaf area index (LAI), radiation intercepted (Q) and water use (WU), efficiency of conversion of radiation and water into dry matter (RUE and WUE), nitrogen uptake and carbon and nitrogen partitioning in the above-ground part of the plant. In the period between beginning of stem elongation and heading, drought affected the maximum LA1 in the most stressed treatment (4.7 in S v. about 6.9 in R and I), but not Q and WU. RUE was also lowered by drought in this period (0.68 in S v. about 0.95 g MJ-1 in R and I) as a reduced biomass was recorded in S at heading (528gm-2 in S v. 777 g m-2 on average in R and I). In contrast with the previous period, the reduction in LA1 between heading and maximum ear weight (MEW) determined a significant reduction in Q and WU, WUE and RUE, resulting, ultimately, in notable differences in the total biomass produced until MEW (1203, 930 and 546 gm-2 in I, R and S respectively). The amount of stem reserves relocated to the grain decreased as the level of stress increased, going from 223gm-2 in I to 9gm-2 in S and was accumulated almost entirely (from 76% of the total in I to 100% in S), in the post-heading period. Nitrogen percentage was not affected by the treatments applied apart from the higher values in stem and flag leaf in S later in the growing season due to an inhibition of nitrogen translocation in S. The total nitrogen uptake was lower in S (12.3gm-2) than in I (16.6gm-2) only as a consequence of the different dry matter accumulation patterns. The importance of WUE in this type of Mediterranean environment is discussed, with particular concern to the key role of modulation of leaf area development through the growing season.


The auther thinks that Chekov's great personal power and creative skills is combined with his serious thought for society,life and human ideal,which has great far-reaching influence on Chinese literature.The author also points out that Chekov influences greatly on the writers of new Chinese Literature,that Chekov's ereation of novels and dramas enjoys long and artistic life.


This study investigated the ecological distribution of zoonotic bacterial pathogen, Campylobacter, in mixed crop–livestock (MCL) farms compared to conventional farms and their products at pre‐ and post‐harvest levels. A total of 222 Campylobacter isolates were identified. At pre‐harvest level, a total of 1287 samples from seven MCL farms, four conventional poultry farms, four organic produce‐only and five conventional produce‐only farms from Maryland and the DC metropolitan area were analysed from 2012 to 2014. Campylobacter was detected in 11.16% and 3.6% of MCL and conventional farm samples, respectively, but none from produce‐only farm samples. Tetracycline resistance was observed in 51.02% of MCL farm isolates but none among conventional farm isolates. For post‐harvest analysis, a total of 1281 food products from seven farmers markets, three organic retail supermarkets and three conventional retail supermarkets were collected from the same area. Campylobacter was isolated in 87.5%, 71.43% and 33.33% of whole chicken carcasses in farmers markets, organic and conventional retail supermarkets, respectively. No Campylobacter was detected in post‐harvest produce samples due in part to the inability of Campylobacter to survive in absence of sufficient water activity. Overall, this study reveals public health concerns regarding the MCL farm environment and their products that are sold in retail and farmers markets.


Fascicle 1 ofthe Estonian Dialect Dictionary was published in 1994. By now 5 fascicles (1300 pp. in all) have been published. Volume 1 of the Finnish Dialect Dictionary saw light in 1985. By now 5 volumes have come out (4632 pp. in all). Ofthe Swedish Dialect dictionary 2 fasciles have been published, Fasc. 1 (80 pp.) in 1991 and Fasc. 2 (79 pp.) in 1994. All three are big dictionaries designed to comprise the whole vocabulary of all dialects ofthe respective languages. The collection of the material for those dictionaries has been a matter of decades, involving hundreds of contributors. The compilation of the manuscript has been a longlasting process too, during which the principles ofmaterial presentation have undergone some rather radical changes. With the recent arrival of the publication stage the editors had to take the: final decision about the format ofthe dictionary, so as to provide the future user with maximum information on eveiy dialect of the language. This was certainly not an easy task to cope with as the publication of the final volumes was (and still is) far ahead, with some unforeseeable problems bound to crop up, but the decisions not to be reconsidered any more. The following is an attempt to find out how the different dictionaries have set about the challenge ofmatching ideals with reality.


Summary A history of ecological studies in mycology developed around the trophic state of the fungi is taken from the rich heritage of information available. With the renewed interest in biodiversity and the array of molecular and complementary techniques available the future could be very rewarding.


1. Research Target The thermal noise (TN) is becoming important as RF application of MOSFETs is becoming realistic. However, to achieve accurate measurement is still a serious task, and thus to realize its accurate modeling is also an urgent task for accurate simulation of RF-circuits. Our aim is to investigate the origin of observed TN enhancement, and to develop its model based on the origin, which can be even used for testing and supplementing measurements. The thermal noise is independent of applied frequency. Thus the Nyquist theorem describes the spectral intensity of the TN current ( id S ) of a MOSFET at temperature T [1, 2]


Vegetables like other plants use sunlight as an energy source for survive and continue their lives. White light consists of different wave lenght of lights; human eye is able to perceive solely some parts of these  lights. On the other hand, plants have sensitive pigments which are able to perceive the lights which one out of this spectrum and those pigments are called "photoreceptor". To use the light source knowingly conducive to the aim of production in the different stages of vegetable cultivation will be a technique which increases the  success.


This paper deals with the application of the analysis on a portfolio made up of eight titles, through determination of the portfolio with absolute minimum variation and of the frontier of efficiency. Thus, using the Markowitz model, the dimensions of the portfolio with minimum absolute variation could be established but its profitability was smaller than the profitability offered by the BET rating. The best strategy to follow in this respect would have been to adopt a passive strategy and to take over the structure of the rating in the investment of portfolio for a good profitability but with a higher risk.


Abstract This article is concerned with the policy and legal aspects of the incorporation of the gender equality perspective within European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) missions and Member States' armed forces. Examining documentation issued by the Council, and relevant jurisprudence from the Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ), it appreciates the practical implications and degree of convergence of the measures taken in support of equality between the sexes in the defence and security sector across the first and second pillars. This article argues that while awareness‐raising will most likely result from the action of the Council, and although the arbitrariness of discriminatory policies has been reduced through the ECJ jurisprudence, the effects of the overall EU equality activism on the composition of armed forces — be it in national or ESDP troops — are in fact limited.


FOR CITATION PURPOSES: Singh AS. Genetic predominance of autism spectrum disorder and finding the risk genes. Abstract Introduction The treatment of ASD is highly challenging as the causing factors and pathophysiology of the disorder is not clearly understood. It is widely believed that the major causing factor of ASD is rooted within the genes while a minor contribution of environmental factors is also taken into account. This strong belief was somehow biased by few recent studies. However, increased recurrence rate among half and full siblings of ASD families further validate the genetic predominance of this disorder. On the other hand, identification of those causing genes is a tremendous challenge for the scientists working in this field as the disorder is highly complex due to the presence of behavioural features which overlap with other psychiatric disorders. However, the progress made in the last two decades has provided deeper knowledge on genetic architecture of ASD. The main objective of this review is to discuss the issue of genetic predominance of ASD and to highlight some of the important findings and hypothesis that are promising toward identifying ASD causing genes. Conclusion The highly complex nature of ASD is the difficult challenge towards finding the cause, treatment and preventive measures of this disorder. Various studies have consistently supported the genetic involvement to be the major contributing factor on the development of this disorder.


Apparatus for recording 2D images of the object comprises a plurality of 1D detector units each of which is exposed to ionizing radiation scattered from the transmission or the object of the object (41), also it is exposed It is arranged for 1D imaging that radiation. Detector unit, 1D image of the radiation from the detector unit so as to be disposed over a large part of the 2D image, are dispersed in high density arrays. The apparatus includes a device (87~89,91) for moving the detector unit relative while object detector unit generates a 2D image of the object by performing iterative detection and a control device. Control device, (i) controls the detector unit to detect ionizing radiation during any short time before and during the part of the initial portion of the operation, (ii) the detection of the short time based calculates the optimal exposure time for the repeated detection, by controlling the (iii) repetition detection, obtain optimum exposure time automatically.


A flexible and extensible simulation tool architecture, called gpusim, is proposed for heterogeneous grid systems with graphics accelerators. The tool is based on open source Java framework GridSim. Checking for models adequacy and their initial investigation has been performed using known examples of parallel computation problems. The tool allows choosing the most optimal setting parameters in automatic mode and thus significantly reduces the time to obtain optimal implementation compared to the direct execution of the program.


This paper presents the methodology used to develop snow depth distribution maps for a small catchment in the Central Spanish Pyrenees covering 55 ha in a 1:10,000 scale. The Main Map was obtained using LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology from a long-range Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) in six field surveys undertaken during the 2012 winter–spring period. This technique enabled the acquisition of information at a very high resolution concerning the spatial variability of snow cover, providing snow depth information for remote areas where data acquisition is complex and hazardous. We describe the methodological steps and the quality assessment applied in developing the maps. Comparison with manual measurements confirmed the reliability of the snow depth maps, including areas located at large distances from the scanner (800 m). This method provides a promising tool for future investigations of snow dynamics in mountainous environments.


The contents of school biology are discussed in the article. The parts of school biology, mostly actual for the school graduates entering in the adult life are distinguished. That, according to the author`s opinion, are the questions of preservation of health, rejection from harmful habits, the protection of environment, the problems of regional ecology and also the methods of the development of the information literacy of pupils during studying school course of biology.


Amendments to the National Health Act 1953 (Cwlth) were legislated by the Australian federal government in 2007 with minimal public debate. The National Health Amendment (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) Act 2007 includes several changes that will limit reference pricing under the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Here, I argue that these amendments were influenced by the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) particularly the Medicines Working Group established under Annex 2C of that agreement. I make the case that such amendments could have adverse consequences, involving the erosion of scientific objectivity and equity in PBS processes. One concern is that the amendments might lead to policy choice being delegated to technical experts in finance, or working groups with private interests, rather than being made part of a systematic public debate about the kind of health care system all Australians want to have, and the trade-offs they are prepared to make against strategic objectives of trade or international public policy.


A counterweight control device for small gate on distributing equipment pertains to the technical filed of sintering equipments. The utility model overcomes the deficiencies on the prior hydraulic control device or manual control device. The utility model comprises a small gate and a gravity mechanism consisting of a counterweight frame, a counterweight, a pulley, a steel rope and a regulator. The counterweight frame is arranged at the front of the discharge end of a hopper. The fore end of the counterweight frame is connected with the small gate and the rear end is connected with the steel rope. The counterweight is hanged on the counterweight frame and the pulley is arranged above the counterweight frame. One end of the steel rope is connected with the regulator passing through the pulley. The regulator is arranged under the pulley. The utility model can used to dispose massive materials and foreign materials in mixing materials automatically. The utility model can make accurate fine adjustment control on local material level to ensure the smoothness of the whole material level. The utility model has good distributing quality and high distributing efficiency, which can be used on switch control device of small gate on distributing equipment with large width.


Histological reports of skin tumor excisions frequently describe a lesser margin than the clinical excision margin. This study was aimed to evaluate the degree of shrinkage occurring in facial cutaneous specimens after excision and formalin fixation, and to assess the role of potentially influential factors. Our prospective study on 100 surgical specimens from 06/01/2017 to 10/31/2017 showed a mean shrinkage from in vivo (before excision) to in vitro (after 24h formalin fixation) of 12.8% in length and 11.2% in width for the surgical specimens, and of 10.3% and 9.7%, respectively for the tumor (p<0.001). Shrinkage was greater for squamous cell carcinomas than basal cell carcinomas. No relevant differences were found for age, gender, body mass index, tobacco and alcohol use, phototype and anatomical units of the face. Clinicians, surgeons and dermatopathologists should be aware of this expected range of shrinkage to appropriately interpret the histological results and the margins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This article reviews the research trends of ecological and socio-economic valuation of urban green space at home and abroad in recent years,with emphasis on methods and moodels related to the estimation of economic value of urban green space by use of 3S technology.Ecological and socio-economic beneits of urban green space,including carbon sequestration/O2 release,cooling/humidification and disaster prevention/reduction were analyzed.According to the literature reviewing,at resent,much attention should be paid to topics regarding the relationship of urban green space with the real estate cost,and with disaster prevention/reduction.


On the basis of petrographic examination of the sand fraction and the X-ray diffraction, differential thermal, electron microscope, ethylene glycol retention, base exchange capacity and fusion analyses of the clay fraction it was concluded that these soils were developed on similar parent materials, were derived from common geological formations, and have been subjected to similar weathering and development processes since time of deposition.


The environmental consciousness and the fact of achieving greater energy independency have led many countries to apply important changes in their energy systems. The intensive renewable energy growth of the last decades represents the most notorious example at this moment. However, this is not only occurring with power generation purposes, there is an interest on extending this tendency to other strategic systems like the heating, gas and transportation. This implies that at least an important part of these systems will have to be electrified. From a power system perspective, this means that it will have to undergo a significant load increase in the future. Due to its nature, most of this load is expected to be accommodated at the power distribution level. This implies a need for finding new alternatives to operate and control the medium and low voltage networks. Considering the technical and economic aspects of these networks, an active demand response represents a promising solution. This research work is based on the opportunity of interacting the electrical power system and the heating, gas and transportation systems to ensure a correct and efficient operation of the distribution systems. The aim of this work is to introduce new modelling approaches, methods of analysis and control strategies to represent the active loads and the power distribution systems in the future. Unlike for large transmission systems, in distribution systems a more detailed modelling from each network element is required. The models developed in this thesis include different features (thermal, mechanical, chemical. . . ) which are not normally considered in the traditional power system modelling. In this sense, they are intended to serve as a reference for the new researchers starting in the field. Moreover, the grid studies and the demand response strategies introduced are intended to be beneficial for distribution system operators (DSO) in the planning and development of the future distribution networks. The following thesis covers four main areas; modelling of active loads and residential user requirements, flexibility definition and quantification, stochastic impact assessment of LV networks and control of the demand response in LV networks. In a first stage, different residential and non-residential loads are modelled with system analysis purposes. The active loads considered can be categorized as: thermostatic


From the Publisher:
Alienating for some, yet most intimate and real for others, emerging communications technologies are creating a varied array of cyberspace experiences. Nowhere are the new and old more intertwined, as familiar narratives of the past and radical visions of the future inform our attempts to assess the impact of cyberspace on self and society. Amid the dizzying pace of technological innovation, Annette N. Markham embarks on a unique, ethnographic approach to understanding Internet users by immersing herself in online reality. The result is an engrossing narrative as well as a theoretically engaging journey. A cast of characters, the self-reflexive author among them, emerge from Markham's interviews and research to depict the complexity and diversity of Internet realities.
While cyberspace is hyped as a disembodied cultural arena where physical reality can be transcended, Markham finds that to understand how people experience the Internet, she must learn how to be embodied there--a process of acculturation and immersion which is not so different from other anthropological projects of cross-cultural understanding. Both new and not-so-new, cyberspace provides a context in which we can ask new sorts of questions about all cultural experience.


The aim of this study was to determine the motivation of science teachers and students towards science after participating in the activity of assembling, simulating, and recording line follower robots as an effort to motivate middle school students and teachers towards science in Bengkulu Province. The research was done by direct practicing, where 60 students and 15 teachers of three junior high school (SMP): SMP Negeri 06 Seluma, SMP Negeri 02 Kota Bengkulu, and SMP Negeri 8 Rejang Lebong, were involved as the research subjects. The research activity concluded that the schools are ready to prepare simple electronics/robot laboratories for the three research subjects and the science teachers and students were motivated to learn science. It was seen from the score of 3.95 (scale of 1 to 5) for students, and for the science teacher, the score was 3.83 (scale of 1 to 5). The science teachers will follow up on robotics activities so that students will be interested in learning science at home and school.


For vehicle provided container (30) in which charcoal (38) is provided for absorbing an evaporation gas, evaporates in a fuel tank (20), and emits the absorbed evaporation gas, so that it is supplied to a motor (10), wherein the container (30) further comprises: a housing (45) for receiving activated carbon (38) therein, a Verdunstungsgaszufuhrkanal (32) which is formed on the housing (45), so that it is fluidly connected to the fuel tank (20) and the evaporation gas from said fuel tank (20) receives, receives an air duct (36) which is formed on the housing (45) and, optionally, air from outside the housing (45), a removal channel (34) formed on the housing (45) so that it at a disposal line fluidly connected (50) so that the motor (10), the evaporation gas is supplied in accordance with the received stream of air, wherein the removal duct (34) having a first removal channel (100) formed on the housing (45) and which is provided with the removal line (50) fluidly directly, and a second removal channel (102), the housing (45), on the housing (45) and having an end portion (104) which is disposed within the first removal channel (100) or the removal line (50) such fluidly connected that it with the removal line (50), wherein the end portion (104) of the second removal channel (102) extending along the flow direction of the evaporation gas by the first removal channel (100) or the removal line (50) passes, wherein the end portion (104) of the second removal channel (102) is constructed as a venturi, whose diameter is smaller than that of the other portions of the second removal channel (102) so that the speed of the evaporation gas by the second removal channel (102) flows, increases.


As affected by Covid-19 pandemic, most of children experienced online learning. This online learning could affect children school readiness when they entering school. They showed various problems, such as math, writing, emotion, attention and in following instructions. To assist these children, teachers need to assess their school readiness using NST, and their intellectual potential using CPM. As the assessment process often takes time, we developed an information system integrated in this assessment. This system enables the psychologists to reduce time in doing the assessment and teachers may get the result faster. Based on the assessment using NST and CPM, it was found that in general children are ready to enter the school.


Extracorporeal reconstruction can be applied to the successful repair of lesions of the distal renal artery and its hilar branches. It must be reserved for complex lesions, namely (1) multiples lesions involving several terminal branches of the renal artery, and (2) lesions deeply situated in the renal sinus that are difficult to approach by conventional surgery. The present series comprises 80 ex situ repairs performed on 77 patients. The operated lesions were aneurysms with or without associated stenosis, spontaneous dissection, extensive fibrodysplasia and reoperations on the renal artery. In all patients, the kidney was exteriorized, cooled by perfusion of cold Collins' solution and reimplanted after repair in either the loin or the iliac fossa. No postoperative mortality was observed. In the long-term follow-up, anatomical results were excellent in 87% of the cases. In hypertensive patients, complete cure of arterial hypertension was observed in 74.6% of cases and considerable improvement in 18.6%. Ex situ surgery ensures safety for repair of complex lesions and has initiated a new era in renal artery surgery.


Targeting of Ags directly to dendritic cells (DCs) through anti-DC receptor Ab fused to Ag proteins is a promising approach to vaccine development. However, not all Ags can be expressed as a rAb directly fused to a protein Ag. In this study, we show that noncovalent assembly of Ab–Ag complexes, mediated by interaction between dockerin and cohesin domains from cellulose-degrading bacteria, can greatly expand the range of Ags for this DC-targeting vaccine technology. rAbs with a dockerin domain fused to the rAb H chain C terminus are efficiently secreted by mammalian cells, and many Ags not secreted as rAb fusion proteins are readily expressed as cohesin directly fused to Ag either via secretion from mammalian cells or as soluble cytoplasmic Escherichia coli products. These form very stable and homogeneous complexes with rAb fused to dockerin. In vitro, these complexes can efficiently bind to human DC receptors followed by presentation to Ag-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Low doses of the HA1 subunit of influenza hemagglutinin conjugated through this means to anti-Langerin rAbs elicited Flu HA1-specific Ab and T cell responses in mice. Thus, the noncovalent assembly of rAb and Ag through dockerin and cohesin interaction provides a useful modular strategy for development and testing of prototype vaccines for elicitation of Ag-specific T and B cell responses, particularly when direct rAb fusions to Ag cannot be expressed. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 189: 2645–2655. endritic cells (DCs) APCs key in inducing and regulating Ag-specific high and and to assemble This is via We show that and use can to permitting to expand and Also, such complexes are effective prototype vaccines vivo for elicitation of humoral and cellular in


We consider the online scheduling problem on a single machine with the assumption that all jobs have their processing times in , where and . All jobs arrive over time, and each job and its processing time become known at its arrival time. The jobs should be first processed on a single machine and then delivered by a vehicle to some customer. When the capacity of the vehicle is infinite, we provide an online algorithm with the best competitive ratio of . When the capacity of the vehicle is finite, that is, the vehicle can deliver at most c jobs at a time, we provide another best possible online algorithm with the competitive ratio of .


Vallisneria natans from oligotrophic water body(Daxi Reservoir,Jiangsu) and eutrophic bay of Lake Taihu(Meiliang Bay) was studied to observe morphological characteristics of roots and anatomical structures of leaves and stolons.The results showed that root morphological characteristics,including total root length,root surface area,projected root area,total root volume,average root diameter,and total forks of V.natans from oligotrophic Daxi Reservoir,were significantly higher than that of V.natans from eutrophic Meiliang Bay.Leaf surface was glabrous of this species from Daxi Reservoir,which implied less influence by epiphytes than leaf of V.natans from Meiliang Bay.The leaf and stolon anatomical structures of V.natans from Daxi Reservoir developed well.Leaf had obvious veins and rounded cells and stolon was composed by epidermis,parenchymatous cell,number air chambers and several vascular bundles from external to internal,and there were great numbers of starches in cells.Anatomical structures of V.natans implied growth was inhibited in Meiliang Bay.That morphological and anatomical structure changed along with the lake eutrophication,which would be a great threat to its existence.


The 'Fitspiration' movement may endorse problematic body image and behaviour. This study aims to expand the understanding of 'fitspiration' by examining its presence on YouTube. Analysis was conducted in accordance with Tiggemann and Zaccardo and Santarossa et al. Thematic analysis of videos revealed three themes; 'Fitness and beauty', 'Trust me-I'm a YouTuber', and 'Health for the right reasons'. Thematic analysis of comments revealed themes 'YouTube fitness community', 'Body appearance dissatisfaction', and 'YouTuber fitness role models'. Fitness YouTubers were found to promote unhealthy behaviours to achieve fitness, and commenters expressed belief in and replication of their advice.


Background and Aim: COVID-19, a viral respiratory illness In this review, we discuss issues such as the genetic structure, pathogenic mechanism, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 based on the latest findings Materials and Methods: The Medline was searched for terms such as "Coronavirus", " COVID-19" and "Respiratory infection" Findings: In December 2019, the unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia with unknown etiology began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China The cause was a new coronavirus, named COVID-19 by the WHO This virus has high transmissibility and affects the lower respiratory tract Research into the mechanism and treatment of COVID-19 is under way, and new information is being provided every day, some of which are contradictory COVID-19 is a serious and dangerous infectious disease and a significant threat to the health of the world's population, and should be prevented from spreading rapidly


Objective To estimate the application of the wheat esterase inhibition method for the determination of organic phosphorus pesticide residues in agricultural products.Methods The wheat esterase inhibition method was used for the determination of organic phosphorus pesticide residues in chive,the quality evaluation and principal component analysis were conducted.Organic phosphorus pesticide residues in five agricultural products were detected by this method,and compared with the confirmatory test with GC.Results The detection limit,standard deviation,relative standard deviation and average recovery of this method for various organic phosphorus pesticides were 0.05-0.52 mg/kg,0.26-3.09,2.9%-4.1% and 74.5%-92.1%,respectively.The inhibitory degree of pesticide and precision was the primary factor for influencing the result of quality evaluation.Conclusion The wheat esterase inhibition method is reasonable and is applicable for the semi-quantitative analysis of organic phosphorus pesticide residues in the agricultural products


Instruction tuning has been attracting much attention to achieve generalization ability across a wide variety of tasks. Although various types of instructions have been manually created for instruction tuning, it is still unclear what kind of instruction is optimal to obtain cross-task generalization ability. This work presents instruction optimization, which optimizes training instructions with respect to generalization ability. Rather than manually tuning instructions, we introduce learnable instructions and optimize them with gradient descent by leveraging bilevel optimization. Experimental results show that the learned instruction enhances the diversity of instructions and improves the generalization ability compared to using only manually created instructions.


AbstractA four-term virial equation of state was combined with isotropic model potentials to predict accurate volumetric and caloric thermodynamic properties of ethane in the gas phase. The parameters of the model potentials were determined from a fit to speed-of-sound data alone; no other data were used. The approximation used for the fourth virial coefficient included all interactions that contain up to two triplet potentials. Predicted ordinary second and third virial coefficients are in agreement with the data of Funke et al. [8]; we believe that predicted fourth virial coefficients are reliable and accurate. In the subcritical temperature region, the equation of state predicted compressibility factors that deviate by less than 0.04 percent at densities of up to 2.7 mol/dm3 (≈
0.4ρc). At supercritical temperatures, compressibility factors deviate by less than 0.02 percent at densities of up to 2.6 mol/dm3; also, in this region predicted isobaric heat capacity agrees with available data to within uncertainties of 0.4 percent at densities above 3 mol/dm3. We demonstrated that the four-term virial equation is more accurate than the three-term analogue.


To the Editor:—"The Corporate Co-author" (June, 2005 issue)1 brought national attention2 to what the JGIM editors accurately describe as "an egregious case of unethical behavior" by the pharmaceutical industry "in order to enhance corporate profits." However, the article also raises concerns about ties between industry and medical societies that publish medical journals. One might reasonably ask, would an organization more dependent on industry funding have published the piece?


Beyond its more controversial bargaining and contracting provisions, New Zealand's Employment Contracts Act 1991 incorporated procedures for the resolution of rights disputes centred in an Employment Tribunal, newly estab lished by the Act as a 'low-level, informal, specialist' body to provide 'speedy, fair, and just resolution of differences between parties to employment con tracts'. This paper assesses the performance of the tribunal and finds that it has gained broad acceptance. Nonetheless, parties to tribunal proceedings continue to encounter some delays and are experiencing increasing costs and formality. The paper examines the reasons for these problems.


With an aim of describing the influence of coralline algae on other macroalgae and benthic invertebrates in the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands, an investigation of such organism assemblages was conducted in the Nanji Archipelago Marine Nature Reserve between May 2012 and February 2013. Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou's evenness indices were calculated for macroalgae (including coralline algae), non-Corallinaceae macroalgae (excluding coralline algae) and benthic invertebrates. In addition, the functional diversity of the benthic community was estimated using Rao's Q. Our results are as follows: (1) A total of 52 species of macroalgae belonging to 3 phyla, 3 classes, 16 orders, 21 families and 41 genera were found; 5 species among them belonged to coralline algae; (2) The dominance of coralline algae has reached a high level in the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands except in the high tidal zone where relatively few macroalgae exist. The biomass of coralline alga accounted for 68.9% of the total algae biomass. Shannon-Wiener indices of macroalgae diversity varied from 1.638–4.044, and non-Corallinaceae macroalgae varied from 1.495– 3.809, while benthic invertebrates' varied from 5.2890–6.917. Pielou's evenness of macroalgae communities 第 5 期 汤雁滨等: 珊瑚藻类对南麂列岛潮间带底栖生物群落多样性的影响 641 varied from 0.819–0.971, and non-Corallinaceae macroalgae varied from 0.930–0.973; benthic invertebrates ranged from 0.967 to 0.988; (3) Regression analyses between dominance of coralline algae and Shannon-Wiener and Pielou's evenness indices of macroalgae communities suggested that coralline algae may be reducing the species diversity of macroalgae. The result of correlation analysis between dominance of coralline algae and Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou's evenness of benthic invertebrates showed no significant correlation. (4) The dominance of coralline algae and Rao's Q of benthic invertebrates in low tidal zone were both higher than those in middle tidal zone, but the correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between them. Based on our results, we concluded that: well-adapted coralline algae species may have reduced the species diversity of other macroalgae in these systems via interspecific competition; meanwhile, the benthic invertebrates, perhaps because of their higher dispersal abilities and more diverse life histories relative to macroalgae, were not affected in terms of species or functional diversity by coralline algae.


The binge eating behavior in addition to affecting physical health generates psychological discomfort. The aim of this research was to evaluate the objective clinical change of an intervention with cognitive-behavioral strategies to modify binge eating and its associated variables. In this case report, two women (19 and 20 years old, respectively) diagnosed with binge eating disorder took part who signed an informed consent form and answered a battery of validated questionnaires in the Mexican population, this in the Pretest and Posttest phases to assess binge eating, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, anxiety and depression symptoms, and quality of life. It was found that through the calculation of the objective clinical change, a favorable change between 50% and 80% of the assessed variables was found. It is concluded that the intervention using cognitive-behavioral strategies had a positive effect on binge eating and its associated variables. However, due to the nature of the study, it is not meant to generalize the findings, a case-control study would be necessary to strengthen these data to the medium and long term.


[1] The results of the studies of the effective electron collision frequency and HF wave attenuation in the midlatitude ionosphere carried out in the Rostov-on-Don University during the past 35 years are presented. It is found that (besides the collision absorption) the attenuation is determined also by additional dissipative and nondissipative mechanisms. The absorption is reliably determined using the gas-kinetic model of the effective electron collision frequency. The additional dissipation mechanism (anomalous absorption of ordinary waves) may occur because of their statistical transformation into slow extraordinary waves at the scattering at small-scale fluctuations of the electron concentration. The only cause of the nondissipative attenuation is the small-angle multiple forward scattering at largescale irregularities of the ionospheric plasma. At signal propagation in the vicinity of the maximum usable frequency (MUF) the scattering provides an input into the attenuation comparable to the collision absorption. At the illumination of the ionosphere by a point source from the Earth surface, the multiple scattering leads to such distribution of the field at which the emission reflected under small angles to the vertical has an energy deficit. Presence of addition (to the collision) absorption mechanisms of HF waves attenuation leads to overestimated (as compared to the gas-kinetic ones) estimates of the electron collision frequency. The determination of the physical nature of the attenuation made it possible to develop correct methods of modeling of HF radio waves propagation in the three-dimensional inhomogeneous magnetically active ionospheric plasma and test these methods in a vast series of experiments.


The calculation methods of heads without diffi cult shrinkage effects are considered. It is shown that the heads
calculated by these methods do not eliminate shrinkage porosity from the casting. Refi ned calculation method of
heads is proposed, taking into account the effect of the deformed state of the two-phase zone during solidification.


Glucose was analyzed in an eletronic equipment for glucose blood analysis (Checkmate Blood Glucose Monitoring System). There was no interference from fructose or sucrose. The amount of total reducing sugars was also analyyzed, by chemical methods, and fructose was calculated, approximatelly, by the difference between the two analysis. The method was quick, cheap, reliable and easy to handle in any industry which most of the time needs fast and practical results with little preocupations with accuracy. On the other hand, the evolution of these sugars was followed, from veraison to the harvest, in five red grape varieties. The amount of glucose was higher than fructose in all varieties with the exception of Tannat. The minimum and maximum values of total reducing sugars and glucose, at the harvest, varied from 162-212 g.1 and 99-111 g.1, respectivelly.


The pyrolysis of 1-t-butylbut-3-enyl acetate has been studied in a static system in the temperature range 300–350°C and pressure range 35–300 mmHg. The reaction is homogeneous and of the first order. The rate of the reaction is given by the equation log (k1/s–1)= 14·14 ± 0·01 –(46,400 ± 600) cal mol–1/2·303 RT. The effect of a β-unsaturated substituent in the elimination of secondary acetates is discussed.


In this paper we analyze the current deployment of the smart metering by the utilities across the European continent, which is dictated by the EU Directives (2009/72/EC and 2009/73/EC). First we discuss the rollout of smart metering in Europe and the initial finding about the deployed communication technologies. In a second phase, we focus on the position of the Power Line Communication (PLC) in the strategy of power utilities.


Human-driven climate change is increasingly part of the public conversation – but how do the dramatic changes in our environment affect human health and wellbeing? 'Massive crop failures, new and r...


Twenty-one species of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi were tested for the ability to degrade cellulose and lignocellulose. Thielavai thermophila is newly described as cellulolytic. Only Chrysosporium pruinosum and Sporotrichum pulverulentum were found to degrade lignocellulose extensively. In a number of cases the moisture content of the solid substrate influenced degradation by the species tested.


Yogurt is fermentation milk beverage which astablish two kind of mutual bacteria namely Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. By consumption food product than consist of bacteria such as Yogurt (it is called probiotic), may decrease growing of pathogen bacteria. It is caused formed lactate acid in absorb line. Salmonella typhi constitute bacteria which make diarrhea along with tifoid fever which be begun higher fever more than a week and the body condition such as suffer flu. The fever is difficult to decreasing although drink a medicine and it is together with headache. The tifoid fever is infection which be caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. The goal of this study is to know antimicrobe power with some yogurt concentration to Salmonella typhi bacteria as in vitro and to know effective yogurt concentration to constraint Salmonella typhi bacteria as in vitro. This study is true experiment research. This study was carried out in 7 November until 22 December 2007 in Biology Laboratory of University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The study population is Salmonella typhi bacteria which be gained from Microbiology Laboratory of University of Brawijaya Malang and it is cultured in Biology Laboratory of University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The samples using is pure fertile of Salmonella typhi which be incubated during 24 hours in 37?C temperature by 1,5x108 density. The samples taking use random sample technique. This study use 7 treatment (40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%) by four times repeating. The study result by variance analysis is known that there give significant influence with some yogurt concentration to Salmonella typhi bacteria. The Duncan test in 90% concentration have mean of zone diameter of antimicrobe higher about 51,437mm if it is compared from other concentration. The effective yogurt concentration to constraint Salmonella typhi bacteria in 90% concentration. This study prove that yogurt may decrease growing of Salmonella typhi bacteria which cause diarrhea disease download


Quantitative feedback theory (QFT) is applied towards the design of a simple and an effective position controller for a typical low-cost industrial pneumatic actuator with a 5-port three-way control valve, that is subject to disturbing forces. A simple fixed-gain proportional-integral control law with dynamic pressure feedback is synthesized to guarantee the satisfaction of a priori specified closed-loop performance requirements, including robust stability, tracking performance and disturbance attenuation, despite the presence of nonlinearities and parametric uncertainty in the pneumatic functions. A novel outer-inner design approach is proposed to avoid the synthesis of an unnecessarily complex outer loop controller. The merits of the inner loop feedback are examined from the perspective of system responses to step changes in the reference position and step changes in the disturbing force. Simulation results show clearly that the inner loop feedback improves the closed-loop disturbance response by eliminating oscillation and reducing the overshoot. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of a systematic approach to the design of position controllers for pneumatic servos with dynamic pressure feedback, within the framework of QFT.


The experiment was carried out to compare rice-duck intergrowth model with conventional rice planting model.The results showed that the control effect of weeds,except Sagittaria pygmaea and barnyard grass,in former model was comparable to chemical control;the activity of ducks could decrease pest insect size and alleviate the damage;the rice quality was good and lean meat rate of duck was high in rice-duck intergrowth model,in which the net benefit could reach 1 106 yuan/667 m2,more than 556 yuan/667 m2 in conventional model.


Background : Miscarriage is spontaneous expulsion of product of conception from the uterus before viability (20 weeks) or if fetus less than 500 gm, or its length less than 25 cm. Bacterial vaginosis is extremely prevalent condition, although it is not a reportable disease. Up to 50% of pregnant women have been found to have BV. Methods; In this study, we assessed 219 pregnant women for the association between bacterial vaginosis and first trimester miscarriage by screening for bacterial vaginosis using Nugent gram stain scoring system among the pregnant women at 7 weeks of gestation and follow them up to the end of first trimester. Using Nugent gram stain scoring system and the result of the culture, we divided pregnant women into to 2 groups: Group I: Women who are negative for BV (167 women, 76.3%). Group II: Positive for bacterial vaginosis (52 women, 23.7%). Then, we followed them up to the end of first trimester. We choose 13 weeks as an end point, as our study was designed to investigate first trimester miscarriage. we compared the two groups regarding the rate of first trimester miscarriage. Results : In the current study, the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among the pregnant women included was 23.7 %. Among the 219 women included in the study, 38 women (17.4%) miscarried during the first trimester and 181 women (82%) continued their pregnancies after 13 weeks. Conclusion there is no between bacterial vaginosis and first trimester miscarriage when comparing pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis to women who are negative for bacterial vaginosis


A method for the determination of twenty-one trace elements in Gannan navel orange and its planting soil was developed,by using ICP-AES together with Microwave-Assisted Digestion.The distribution of trace elements in the flesh and peel of navel orange and planting soil was explored,in the ten counties of Gannan.The outcome indicated that the average recoveries were various from 77.7% to 115.7%,and the Relative Standard Errors(RSDs) were less than 9.20%.The outcome suggested that the method could be applied to meet the requirements of the real sample analysis:some elements,such as K,Ca,P and Mg,were rich in the flesh and peel of the navel orange,whilst the contents of them were different among origins.Furthermore,the trace elements which were rich in the planting soil had relatively high contents in the flesh and peel of navel oranges as well.


Instead of applying mathematical induction in the literature,a more elementary and simpler mehtod is used to make a comprehensive discussion of Laplace inequaltiy involving two monotonic positive finite number sequences with the same sense or opposite sense.Analogous discussion is made for the same type integral inequality for two positive integrable monotone functions with similarly order or oppositely order.Some related inequalities are also considered.


The symbiotic relationship between the host and its microbiome, which is composed of trillions of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, is essential for the host to maintain health. In the past two decades, the intestinal microbiota has become one of the most intensely studied microbial ecosystems on the planet; however, there are few studies on much of the microbiota's distribution, the factors shaping its composition both within and outside of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and the microbial communities' response to environmental factors, such as fluoride. To understand the extent of intra-intestinal microbiota composition, its representation in the stool and factors dictating site-specificity of microbial taxa within the gut, we systematically collected stool and paired lumenal and mucosal intestinal samples from ten sites distal to the jejunum from the model organism Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) and assayed the samples with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that stool composition was highly correlated with the microbial composition at the colonic lumen and mucosa, as well as enrichment of oxygen-tolerant bacteria in the mucosa, suggesting that stool is a good representation of distal gut lumenal bacterial communities and that oxygen may be a strong factor in shaping the gut microbial composition. We then tested the hypothesis that environmental factors, such as fluoride, may affect the oral and gut microbial communities, as fluoride is widely prevalent in drinking water and dental products and may have unexpected effects on health. We modeled human fluoride exposure in mice by administering fluoride daily over a 12-week period. We then assayed oral and stool samples for 16S amplicons and


Finite length LT codes over higher order Galois fields Fq for unequal error protection (UEP) are analysed under maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. We consider a biased sampling method to create the LT code graph. In contrast to a previous approach by Rahnavard et al., where a predetermined number of edges is created per importance class given a check node of degree d, our procedure allows to precisely adjust the desired class weights. Moreover, we provide upper and lower bounds on the symbol erasure probability for each importance class.


This study discusses national and state large-scale assessment policies in four Brazilian states – Sao Paulo, Goias, Pernambuco and Ceara – focusing on the effects of these policies on secondary schools with good performance levels situated in high socio-spatial vulnerability areas. The sample comprised 24 schools and the methodology involved quantitative and qualitative analyses. By analyzing the configurations of the national and state systems, we found that there are more similarities than differences between them, which led us to question whether equivalent efforts and resources are not being employed twice to improve the quality of education, thus burdening schools and everyone involved. Participants' accounts show an acute awareness that the assessment culture is here to stay, and stress some harmful effects of its excesses.


The reduction of the mixing and working temperatures obtained by using Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technologies in comparison with traditional Hot Mix Asphalts (HMA) can present many social, environmental and technological advantages. In order to guarantee these advantages during the life cycle of the pavement, WMA mixtures must have a good durability, similar to that obtained with equivalent HMA mixtures. The main objective of this paper is the study of different WMA technologies in order to determine their maximum temperature reduction, based on compactability considerations, and the consequent relative performance and durability of those WMA vs. HMA mixtures. After selecting different WMA technologies, namely using the two-phase mixing process with emulsions and bitumens, wax additives and surfactants, compactability tests were carried out according to EN 12697-10 in order to evaluate the temperature reduction. Then, performance tests, including indirect tensile strength, water sensitivity, wheel tracking, and stiffness tests were carried out on the selected mixtures and their results were ranked and compared to equivalent conventional HMA test results. The results of this study could be used as a guide on the selection of the WMA technologies suited to be applied on the field, in each specific case.


The study presents the laboratory testing of various types of soils using triaxial equipment recently established at Memorial University of Newfoundland. Sand from Hibernia area, Clayey Silt from Placentia Bay area and Silty Clay from West Coast of Newfoundland were submitted to standard monotonic triaxial tests. Isotropically consolidated undrained (CIU) compression tests, isotropically consolidated drained (CID) compression tests were performed as well as several extension tests or pore pressure controlled tests. Cyclic triaxial tests were also carried out on Sand and Clayey Silt. -- Results showed that, despite known limitations, the equipment was adequate in providing reliable geotechnical parameters. A discussion of these results and a comparison with earlier work by other researchers are presented.


The stress‐strain diagram of a short concrete specimen under compressive uniaxial load cycles is enveloped by a curve that matches the stress‐strain curve obtained under constantly increasing strain. At least eight published studies have shown that this envelope curve is unique with respect to a variety of excitation histories in the range of strain rates generally met in seismic conditions. In the present work we have attempted to extend the envelope curve concept to columns in plain or reinforced concrete, with reference to compressive stresses again. The tests performed have allowed us to ascertain that this curve is unique and coincides with the monotonic curve.


The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of discerning the traits of a group of pupils who have low levels of learning and developing for them a more appropriate "differentiated program" of instruction in language arts.