In this paper, a novel hybrid methodology is proposed for the simulation of homogeneous non-Gaussian stochastic fields with prescribed target marginal distribution and spectral density function. The proposed methodology constitutes an efficient blending of the Deodatis-Micaletti method with a neural network based function approximation. Precisely, the function fitting and regression ability of neural networks are employed to approximate the unknown underlying Gaussian spectrum and the resulting algorithm can be successfully applied for simulating narrow-banded fields with very large skewness at a fraction of the computing time required by the existing methods. Its computational efficiency is demonstrated in a numerical example involving a field that follows a lognormal distribution.


High frequency (HF) signals transmitted beyond line of sight (BLOS) propagate through the time and spatially varying ionosphere. To achieve high 'quality' and high 'reliability' communications links system parameters such as radiated power, operating frequency, antenna, modulation and data rate should all be matched to prevailing ionospheric conditions. A tactical HF decision aid is being developed which is designed for both HF experts and inexperienced operators to predict, those system parameters such as frequency, receiver station, and power, which optimise HF system configurations. This paper describes the aid and how it may be incorporated within automated systems. Potential enhancements to the aid are also discussed.


RDMA-capable networks are gaining traction with datacenter deployments due to their high throughput, low latency, CPU efficiency, and advanced features, such as remote memory operations. However, efficiently utilizing RDMA capability in a common setting of high fan-in, fan-out asymmetric network topology is challenging. For instance, using RDMA programming features comes at the cost of connection scalability, which does not scale with increasing cluster size. To address that, several works forgo some RDMA features by only focusing on conventional RPC APIs. In this work, we strive to exploit the full capability of RDMA, while scaling the number of connections regardless of the cluster size. We present Flock, a communication framework for RDMA networks that uses hardware provided reliable connection. Using a partially shared model, Flock departs from the conventional RDMA design by enabling connection sharing among threads, which provides significant performance improvements contrary to the widely held belief that connection sharing deteriorates performance. At its core, Flock uses a connection handle abstraction for connection multiplexing; a new coalescing-based synchronization approach for efficient network utilization; and a load-control mechanism for connections with symbiotic send-recv scheduling, which reduces the synchronization overheads associated with connection sharing along with ensuring fair utilization of network connections. We demonstrate the benefits for a distributed transaction processing system and an in-memory index, where it outperforms other RPC systems by up to 88% and 50%, respectively, with significant reductions in median and tail latency.


Equiatomic CoPt and FePt alloy films were deposited by cosputtering at substrate temperatures between 25 and 640 °C. Those deposited at high temperatures (≥400 and ≥520 °C for FePt and CoPt, respectively) contained ordered intermetallic compounds with the L10 crystal structure while those deposited at lower temperatures were chemically disordered. Deposition on single crystal [001] MgO and [0001] Al2O3 resulted in [001] and [111] oriented films, respectively, for all deposition temperatures. Ordered alloys have out‐of‐plane magnetic easy axes and modified magneto‐optic Kerr rotation spectra relative to the disordered case. A difference in the Kerr rotation spectrum is observed between ordered, but not disordered, [001] and [111] films.


Two sets of parallel columns were packed with a low‐organic‐content aquifer soil contaminated with carbon tetrachloride (CT) and flushed with water under bioactive and abiotic saturated conditions. Both effluent and soil concentrations (by sacrificing columns) were monitored for CT. Desorption of CT from the aquifer material could be described by a two‐site nonequilibrium model. The columns were found to operate far from desorption equilibrium conditions. Inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. strain KC resulted in rapid transformation of CT in the liquid phase, but no evidence of solid‐phase degradation was found. Mathematical modeling of desorption and biodegradation as sequential and independent processes appears to be justified for this soil/contaminant combination.


An approach to an interaction model is set up for the components: the road user, the vehicle and the road but also for the traffic environment, the psycho-social situation of the road user, the local, physical environment and the society in total. The basic principle to achieve highway safety is to systematically reduce conflicts and disturbances in the immediate interaction process. In urban and highway planning this can be promoted by a balanced land use organization, traffic separation of different types of road users, classification of roads and streets and simplicity and uniformity in the design of road elements. The societal impact of highway safety measures means not only reducing accidents and costs but also reducing time consumption, operating costs, barriers, noise and other environmental disturbances and the increase of the possibilities for regional development. The impact is illustrated by examining the effects of investments in by-pass roads. The evaluation of various effects have not yet been implied in the full range in the evaluation of highway investments. Further studies will be necessary to improve the evaluation of the societal impact of safety measures and to extend the use of other terms than monetary values. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 860861.


This essay has two goals: a general one, the study of post-symbolist poetical traces and a particular one, the place of the poetical attempt of Pavese to overcome the difficulty of writing poetry, avoiding the Symbolist inherintance and escaping a simple narrative poetry. Pavese builds a poem set up in the quasi inmovility, composed by elements coming from the narrative world, using a sort of photographic fixation, a a-temporal present. The pavesian poem would be in reference to the pure narrative what the photography is to the motion picture. The author reach in this way a kind of 'pure' poetry, free both from narrativity and discursive argumentation.


Are you aware of your duties towards the children in your care, are you putting these principles into practice? Sue Allingham delivers a timely reminder about the obligations laid out in Every Child Matters.


The paper based on this abstract begins by briefly defining the form of academic written output termed 'papers', and the distinctions between types of that output. That leads to discussion of how writing ideas come, with this author's personal output (110 total, 99 conference papers and 11 journal papers in 28 years, plus other output) used as illustration. The difference in output between this author and other academics observed in one faculty is outlined, a difference which cannot be explained, other than suggesting some factors which may have contributed to this author's output and lack of which may lead to others writing less. An experiment with students, having them write papers, is provided to show writing can be stimulated.


It was just over 10 years ago in 2007 that I was approached by John Wiley & Sons inquiring as to my interest in taking the lead editor's role in shaping a new interdisciplinary review journal covering climate change. After 2 years of planning, the first issue of WIREs Climate Change was published in February 2010 and this issue marks the beginning of Volume 9. As the journal approaches its 10th anniversary, I reflect here on recent developments in the journal and further afield in climate change publishing and research. This editorial should therefore be seen as following in the line of my earlier editorials (Hulme, 2010, 2014). This editorial also signals my recent move from King's College London to the University of Cambridge, in both cases holding positions in departments of geography. For those who have heard me speak on climate change, you will know that I make no apologies for my belief in the primacy of "geography" as a disciplinary space in which the many dimensions of climate change as a socionatural phenomenon can best be studied and taught. Geography, at least in the United Kingdom, knows no intellectual boundaries and this is reflected in my approach to curating the content of WIREs Climate Change. The scope of climate change reviews published here very deliberately covers humanities disciplines and interpretative social sciences, as well as the social sciences more broadly, and environmental geography, the natural sciences and economics. Over the last 4 years, we have published an average of 50 review articles per year, with a growing number of reviews looking at aspects of climate engineering (e.g., Irvine, Kravitz, Lawrence, & Muri, 2016; Linnér & Wibeck, 2015) and reviews from disciplines such as environmental theology (e.g., Clingerman & O'Brien, 2017), ecocriticism (e.g., Boulton, 2016), and visual arts (e.g., Nurmis, 2016). We also continue to seek to increase authorship from previously underrepresented countries, especially China (e.g., Fan, 2015; Liu, Wang, & Wu, 2017; Zhang, 2017). There have been a few changes to the Executive Editorial Board of the journal since 2014 and these are reflected in Table 1. Lisa Dilling has taken over the domain of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change from Maria Carmen Lemos, Anita Engels the domain of the social status of climate change knowledge from Myanna Lahsen, Karin Bäckstrand the domain of climate policy and governance from Matt Hoffman and Jessica Trancik the domain of the carbon economy and climate mitigation from Kelly Gallagher. Of the 14 executive editors, 8 are from Europe, 4 from the USA, and 1 each from South America and southeast Asia. Women outnumber men, eight to six. It is also worth pointing out two related WIREs titles: WIREs Energy and Environment which started publishing in 2012 and WIREs Water publishing since 2014. Also publishing review articles, these two journals publish some interdisciplinary material which intersects with the content of WIREs Climate Change in the areas of climate mitigation and climate impacts, respectively.


Pascal Klein and Andy Peloso of Paradigm present a method for multi-disciplinary interpretation of rock and fluid properties by classifying data into seismic facies volumes, used to describe and characterize seismic heterogeneities and properties.

Seismic facies analysis has been performed since the use of seismic data for E&P. The traditional method of seismic interpretation involves analyzing the seismic reflection patterns, including configurations (i.e. sigmoidal, hummocky, etc.) and their associated attributes (i.e. amplitude, frequency, continuity, etc.). These patterns and/or configurations were mapped to generate a seismic facies map. This technique, however, is painstakingly slow, very dependent on the interpreter's skills, and limited to 2D.
With the introduction of computer-aided seismic facies techniques, this process is automated and volume-based. These techniques classify all samples from a set of seismic attribute volumes over a user specified zone to produce a volume of classified samples. The multi-attribute seismic classification methodology performs a clustering of the samples of a set of input attributes. These techniques continue to grow and play a vital role in interpretation workflows within the industry.
In recent years, there has been an explosion in the number of seismic attributes available for use in E&P. Use of these attributes helps analyze the subsurface and can reveal important features, from regional geology to detailed reservoir properties. To effectively understand
the multitude of seismic attributes, Paradigm has developed classification techniques to support the quantitative assessment of exploration targets and to improve reservoir characterization within field development projects (Peloso et al., 2005). The objective of the facies classification process is to describe characteristics within the seismic data and relate these characteristics to the interpretation of rock and fluid properties and help identify quality hydrocarbon accumulations.


The present invention provides a cooling fan, it does not limit the mounting condition of the fan can be efficiently cooled backlight unit of the display panel, and produces very little noise during operation. Also it provides an image with the cooling fan of the display device. The cooling fan comprising: a fan rotor, which consists of a shaft and two vanes, shaft driven rotated by a drive motor, the blade having a parallel rotation axis of the rotary shaft rotating together, freely rotatable on the shaft face each other, and about the axis of rotation, and a blade angle control means which so control over, i.e., when the blade rotation angle of the first rotation near angles, each blade has a maximum angle, and when the rotation angle of the blade is perpendicular to the first a second rotation angle of the rotation angle near, each blade having a 0 ° angle. By rotation of the fan rotor, on the shaft perpendicular to the single direction to produce wind to cool such as flat panel display device backlight unit.


The required accuracy of the determination of astronomical orientations of archaeological sites, in accordance with a resolution of the unaided human eye (1-2 minutes in degree measure) is substantiated in this article. The method of determining the orientation of rock carvings and rock planes by the hour angle of the Sun is described. The symmetry axis orientation of the compact petroglyph with spirals, size about 10 cm, (Gorny Altai) are determined in accordance with this method. It is shown the high precision of application to the axis of symmetry of the figure in the direction of the Meridian 8.5 minutes in a degree (relative error of 2∙10-3), and also the importance of this direction in the arrangement of the space of places of worship in ancient times. It is proposed to use the considered methods for orientation in azimuth of the rocky planes and single figures, when traditional methods of determining the orientation cannot provide the required accuracy. The use of GNSS-navigation with precise clock, the photographs of the shadow picture with the timing and the use of astronomical programs provide accurate, yet simple determination of the azimuth, even under office conditions for photography, which gives additional valuable information for researchers. The article is dedicated to Eugene Palladievich Matochkin is a tireless researcher of Altai petroglyphs, the discoverer of the figure.


The numerical method for analysis of the "MHD stability beta limit" based on a hierarchy integrated simulation code TASK3D has been developed. The numerical model for the effect of the MHD instabilities is introduced such that the pressure profile is flattened around the rational surface due to the MHD instabilities. The width of the flattening of the pressure gradient is determined from the width of the eigenmode structure of the MHD instabilities (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In future geocentric space-based gravitational-wave observatory missions, eclipses due to passing through the Moon's and Earth's shadows can negatively impact the sciencecraft's thermal stability and steady power supply. The occurrence should be reduced as much as possible in orbit design. In regard to TianQin's circular high orbits, we tackle the combined challenges of avoiding eclipses and stabilizing the nearly equilateral-triangle constellation. Two strategies are proposed, including initial phase selection and orbit resizing to $1\ensuremath{\mathbin:}8$ synodic resonance with the Moon, where the latter involves slightly raising TianQin's preliminary orbital radius of $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{km}$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}100900\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{km}$. As the result, we have identified pure-gravity target orbits with a permitted initial phase range of $\ensuremath{\sim}15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, which can maintain eclipse-free during the $3+3$ month observation windows throughout a 5-year mission started in 2034, and meanwhile fulfill the constellation stability requirements. Thereby the eclipse issue for TianQin can be largely resolved.


The territory of Russia extends from West to East for more than 10 thousand kilometres. Recently, this land has become of strategic importance on the international arena. The future development of Russia and its international situation will largely depend on the timely development of these territories. The development of infrastructure in permafrost regions requires the use of not only special construction technologies and materials, but also special design solutions that can reduce further operating costs, while maintaining the most comfortable conditions for human life and activities


The development of whole school policies covering almost every aspect of school life is becoming a regular feature of staff discussion. This paper will argue that no area of school life needs a policy more than collective worship. It will show, through reference to a study involving three schools, that despite the intentions of the 1988 Act, school worship is still a confused and contentious issue. What is needed is for schools to involve everyone in the development of a policy which not only describes the content of worship, but clearly identifies the whole purpose of the activity.


Abstract 2931 Background Alterations in glycosylation are associated with malignant transformation, with growing evidence implicating the dysregulation of glycosylation genes (glyco-genes) in multiple myeloma (MM). P selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL1), recently reported to be important in MM cell adhesion and trafficking is over expressed by MM cells. Importantly, the generation of functional selectin ligands requires post-translational modification of scaffold proteins by glycosyltransferases and sialyltransferases generating selectin ligands such as Sialyl Lewis X (sLex). This background led us to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the role glyco-genes in MM disease progression. Methods Analyzing publically available microarray transcriptomic datasets (Mayo Clinic GSE6477, University of Arkansas (UAMS) GSE24080, GSE2658) we sought to identify dysregulated glyco-genes in MM. The most significantly dysregulated genes were validated using real time quantitative PCR (RT_PCR) in the MM cell lines RPMI8226 and MMIR and in primary MM patient CD138 positive cells. The prognostic significance of any dysregulated genes was analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival estimates. Membrane protein extracts from MM cell lines were applied directly to lectin microarrays following fluorescent labeling to generate cell surface glycan profiles. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on primary MM bone marrow sections from MM patients and healthy controls. Lectin based flow cytometry was used to assess for the binding of sialic acid lectins to MM cell line RPMI8226. Results Gene expression microarray dataset analysis confirmed the over-expression of genes related to the process of glycosylation in MM. Seventy-three genes were differentially expressed (> 2 fold change in MM from combined datasets). Nineteen genes were dysregulated in smoldering MM, 12 of which were common to MM. Thirteen were differentially regulated in MGUS, 6 of which were common to both MM and MGUS. One of these genes, the sialyltransferase ST3GAL6 (ST3 beta-galactosidase, alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 6), which plays a critical role in generation of functional selectin ligands such as sLex, was upregulated in MM (fold change = 2.67) and smoldering MM (fold change = 2.22) but was absent in MGUS. Patients from GSE24080 (n=509) were stratified into two groups based on their expression intensities for ST3GAL6. Patients with higher normalized intensity values corresponding to probeset ID 210942_s_at (ST3GAL6) were found to have a lower median overall survival compared to their lower expressing counterparts. The difference in overall survival observed was 5.13 months (p RT-PCR analysis validated the over expression of glycogenes, including ST3GAL6 in MM cell lines and primary samples compared to healthy controls. We observed a trend for higher fold changes for ST3GAL6 in samples from patients with relapsed/refractory disease compared to those with responsive disease. IHC for ST3GAL6 on primary bone marrow sections from MM patients (n=57), demonstrated specific Golgi staining compared to controls. Consistent with the over expression of ST3GAL6 lectin microarray analysis of membrane protein extracts from MM cell lines RPMI8226 and MMIR showed binding to sialic acid-specific lectins Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA), which is specific for a2–3 linked sialic acids, and Sambucus nigra(SNA) which is specific for a2–6 linked sialic acids. This pattern was confirmed using biotinylated lectin based flow cytometry, which demonstrated a shift in allophycocyanin (APC) median fluorescence intensity for these lectins on RPMI8226 cells. Conclusions Glyco-genes, including the sialyltransferase ST3GAL6, are differentially regulated in all stages of MM with potential effects on MM biology and survival. Upregulation of ST3GAL6 may play an important role in MM cell trafficking and in this analysis is associated with inferior survival. Studies are ongoing to address the roles of ST3GAL6 over expression and altered sialylation in MM cell adhesion and trafficking. Disclosures: Morgan:Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; J&J: Consultancy.


Abstract —Random access protocols have been the mechanismof choice for most WLANs, thanks to their simplicity anddistributed nature. Nevertheless, these advantages come at theprice of sub-optimal channel utilization because of empty slotsand collisions. In previous random access protocols, the stationstransmit on the channel without any clue of other stations'intentions to transmit. In this article we provide a framework tostudy the efficiency of channel access protocols. This frameworkis used to analyze the efficiency of the Binary Exponential Backoffmechanism and the maximum achievable efficiency that can beobtained from any completely random access protocol. Then wepropose Learning-BEB (L-BEB).L-BEB is exactly the same as legacy BEB, with one exception:L-BEB chooses a deterministic backoff value after a successfultransmission. We call this value the virtual frame size ( V ). Thissubtle modification significantly reduces the number of collisions.It can be observed that, as the system runs, the number of colli-sions is progressively reduced. Thus we conclude that the systemlearns. Further, if the number of contending stations is equal orlower than


Objective To assess the quality of life of individuals with HIV/AIDS and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted among total 229 individuals with HIV/AIDS from April 2012 to April 2013 to assess the quality of life using MOS-HIV and social support scales.Data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The average score of quality of life was 68.64±11.76 for all subjects with the score of 71.31±10.10 for individuals with HIV infection,65.59±13.49 for those infected with HIV and needed to be treated,66.52±12.10 for AIDS patients,the differences were statistically significant.Meanwhile,the differences of scores for social function,pain and mood were also significant.The average score of social support was 46.32±12.48 for all participants with 45.12±12.21 for individuals with HIV infection,46.91±12.76 for those infected with HIV and needed to be treated,46.26±12.32 for AIDS patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age,nationality,other chronic diseases and social support were closely related to the quality of life. Conclusions The quality of life for individuals with HIV/AIDS is relatively low largely due to lack of social support.Therefore,in order to improve the quality of life,it is very important to offer them with more social support.


The invention relates to a content pushing method based on an IPTV and a server. The method includes the steps that a live video or video-on-demand request sent by a user is received; the timestamp opened for video content is acquired according to the requested video content; the video content is played to the user in a live broadcasting mode or in a requested broadcasting mode, and timekeeping is started from the moment the video content is played; the counted time is compared with the opened timestamp, and if the counted time and the opened timestamp are the same, the content related to the opened timestamp and the video content are synchronously pushed to the user. By means of the content pushing method based on the IPTV and the server, video additional content related to the played video content is actively pushed to the user in the playing process of the video content, and thus interactivity is improved.


PURPOSE: A boat for water sports with a continuous rollover preventing function is provided to prevent the collision among passengers when the boat is turned over by connecting multiple boats with ropes. CONSTITUTION: A boat for water sports with a continuous rollover preventing function comprises multiple single boats(10). Each single boat comprises a tube body(11) and balancing tubes(12). The tube body is positioned at the center of the single boat and has a handle(11a). The balancing tubes are attached to both sides of the tube body. Retention pins(13) are formed in the rear side of each single unit boat. Connection wire members(20) are formed in the front side of the tube body. Retention rings(21) are formed at one end of the connection wire members and are hung on the retention pins of a forward single unit boat.


Cloud computing has recently appear as a promising hosting platform that performs an smart usage of a collection of services, applications, information and infrastructure composed of pools of computer resources for storage with the ability to provide users dynamically scalable, shared resources over the Internet and avoid large forthright fixed costs. However along with these advantages, that is storing of data on the clouds including invaluable information which attracts highly skilled blackhat-hackers thus creating a need for the security to be considered for improving client's trust over the information and services in cloud computing as one of the critical issues. In this survey paper, we have reviewed trust and security relation and proposed an Distributed Trust Model as per actors and their role which help us for managing trust over the services provided by any cloud. In our study, we found that as in distributed approach is implemented in our mechanism; it brings better quality of service and client response.


This study presents the application of a set of concepts devised by Mitchell, Marshall, and Wirt (1985) for investigating the distinctive cultures of state educational policy-making. In this study, an interpretation of the events leading to the passage in 1984 of Arizona's new bilingual education legislation is developed, primarily from interviews with key actors. The central question addressed is whether a more comprehensive or mandatory law could have been achieved in Arizona.


Key points and main messages of the new (2018) American Guidelines on cholesterol management are herein provided with tabulation of the risk assessment tools, the classification of statins according to their therapeutic intensity and desired lipid levels in children. Rhythmos 2019;14(1):1-4.


Biodegradable polymeric microspheres were studied for their usefulness as carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens. However, protein antigen could be denatured during microencapsulation processes due to the exposure to the organic phase and stress condition of cavitation and shear force. Therefore this study was carried out to re-evaluate the degree of protein denaturation during microencapsulation with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymer. PLGA microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA), prepared by W/O/W multiple emulsification method, were suspended in pH 7.4 PBS and incubated with shaking at . Drug released medium was collected periodically and analyzed for protein contents by micro-BCA protein assay. In order to evaluate the protein integrity, release medium was subjected to the analyses of SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). And enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was introduced to measure the immunoreactivity of entrapped OVA and to get an insight into the three-dimensional structure of epitope. The structures of entrapped protein were not affected significantly by the results of SDS-PAGE and SEC. However, immunoreactivity of released antigen was varied, revealing the possibility of protein denaturation in some microspheres when it was evaluate by ELISA method. Therefore, in order to express the degree of protein denaturation, antigenicity ratio (AR) was obtained as follows: amount of immunoreactivity of OVA/total amount of OVA released . ELISA method was an efficient tool to detect a protein denaturation during microencapsulation and the comparison of AR values resulted in more accurate evaluation for immunoreactivity of entrapped protein.


The beneficial effects of L-DOPA therapy in Parkinsonian patients have been attributed to the replacement of cerebral dopamine (DA). However, considerable experimental evidence suggests that both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission are involved in the control of gross motor activity. We have previously presented behavioural and biochemical evidence to suggest the involvement of a noradrenergic component in the L-DOPA reversal of reserpine-induced akinesia in mice (Dolphin, Jenner & Marsden, 1975). We now extend these studies to include biochemical evidence which suggests that L-DOPA induces functional changes in noradrenaline (NA) turnover. Normal mice ('Swiss s' or 'p' strain male), or those pre-treated with reserpine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 19 h previously, or at-methylparatyrosine (AMPT) (200 mg/kg, i.p.) 3 h previously, were given L-DOPA (200 mg/kg in methylcellulose i.p.) plus MK486 (a-methyldopahydrazine (25 mg/kg, i.p.)). In all cases a significant increase in whole brain DA was observed 1 h after L-DOPA. Cerebral NA levels were also significantly increased in reserpinized mice, from 19 ± 6 ng/g to 46 ± 13 ng/g (P < 0.05); and in AMPT-treated mice from 249 ± 84 ng/g to 501 ± 108 ng/g (P< 0.025). This increase was prevented by the dopamine,B-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA-63 (bis-(1-methyl 4 homopiperazinyl thiocarbonyl) disulphide) administered 1 h before L-DOPA. In contrast the same dose of L-DOPA produced no change in NA in normal animals (from 611 ± 43 ng/g to 630 ± 63 ng/g), although pretreatment with pargyline (200 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in a significantly greater rise in NA 1 h after L-DOPA (1148 ± 175 ng/g) compared with animals given pargyline alone (832 ± 29 ng/g P< 0.05). Whole brain 4-methoxy 3-hydroxyphenylglycol sulphate (MOPEGS04) measured 2 h after administration of L-DOPA (200 mg/kg) + MK486 (25 mg/kg) was unaltered in normal and AMPTtreated male Wistar rats, but was significantly decreased in reserpinized rats (22 ± 3 ng/g) compared to controls (53 ± 4 ng/g; P< 0.0125). However, in agreement with Keller, Bartholini & Pletscher ( 1974), elevation in whole brain MOPEG-SO4 was found 2 h after a lower dose of L-DOPA (50 mg/kg, i.p.). This was significant in reserpinized rats (90 ± 12 ng/g) compared to controls (53 ± 4 ng/g; P < 0.025) and in AMPTtreated rats (125 ± 6 ng/g) compared to controls (75 ± 7 ng/g; P < 0.0005). The increase in brain MOPEG-S04 after a small dose of L-DOPA was prevented by prior administration of FLA-63. Measurement of forebrain homovanillic acid (HVA): 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) ratios in mice suggested that 2 h after the high dose of L-DOPA the enzyme catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) was markedly inhibited; the HVA/DOPAC ratio (0.19 ± 0.02) was significantly lower than that found in normal animals (1.01 ± 0.19), or 2 h after the lower dose of L-DOPA (0.87 ± 0.27). These findings confirm that increased NA turnover does occur after L-DOPA in normal and amine-depleted animals. It cannot be detected by measuring MOPEG-SO4 levels, after high doses of L-DOPA because these inhibit COMT, thereby preventing the formation of this metabolite of NA.


The concluding chapter titled News Media, Minorities and Multicultural Inclusiveness by Augie Fleras highlights that Canadian multiculturalism is a commitment to the principles of inclusion. It also deals with the significant role of Canadian news-media, which enjoy a privileged position in society with potential to shape debate, influence public opinion. and affect government policy, concerning multicultural inclusiveness. In his concluding remarks, Fleras has observed very pertinently that the representational basis of news-media-minority relations will improve only when the prevailing news values move beyond a framing of reality as one of 'us' vs 'them'. but reposition 'their' concerns as part of 'our' collective interests as a basis for living together with differences. In contributors' profile, that of Harihar Bhattacharyya has not been included. This apart, although references of each chapter are exhaustive, a select bibliography must have added to the utility of the Book. On the whole, the book under review is a welcome addition to the literature of Public Policy. The production part of the book is quite attractive for which the publishers deserve appreciation. The book under review will be useful for the public policy makers, academicians, scholars as well as the students of Public Administration, Public Policy and International studies.


Synopsis Between 1963 and 1965, sinking of anger boreholes and testing of quality of groundwater at different depths along Digha coast provided the principal basis for defining the distribution and movement of the saline and fresh groundwater within a phreatic aquifer (7–9 metres in thickness) consisting of fine to coarse grained sand with occasional soft clay lenses of Recent age. The auger holes were sunk along 10 selected lines in an area of about 25 sq.km. extending from 3 km east of Digha on the east to the confluence of the Subarnarekha river with the Bay of Bengal on the west. The results of the study revealed the existence of a fresh water wedge (chloride content varying from 20 to 300 ppm) separated by two saline water zones, one near the top and the other at the bottom of the aquifer. Isochlor of 500 ppm and 2.3 chloride-bicarbonate ratio delineated the saline groundwater body. The 300 and 500 ppm isochlors defined the zone of diffusion which had a variable shape and thickness depending on sever...


PURPOSE: A wearing tool of a dust mask is provided to enable a wear to adjust the length of a headband according to the head size of a wearer. CONSTITUTION: A wearing tool of a dust mask comprises: a mask body(110) which cover the mouth and nose and in which a discharge flap portion mounting hole is formed on the lower central part; an inner frame(120) which is combined with the inner side of the mask body and in which a discharge flap portion is formed; and an outer frame(140) which is combined with the inner frame in the front outside of the mask body. In the outer frame, a pair of top mounting holes are formed on upper both sides thereof, a pair of lower enter holes are formed in lower both sides, and a discharge space is formed in the inner side of the central part.


We investigate a class of rapidly growing emission line galaxies, known as "Green Peas," first noted by volunteers in the Galaxy Zoo project because of their peculiar bright green colour and small size, unresolved in SDSS imaging. Their appearance is due to very strong optical emission lines, namely [O III] �5007 ˚ A, with an unusually large equivalent width of up to �1000 ˚ A. We discuss a well-defined sample of 251 colour-selected ob jects, most of which are strongly star forming, although there are some AGN interlopers including 8 newly discovered Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies. The star-forming Peas are low mass galaxies (M� 10 8.5 10 10 M⊙) with high star formation rates (� 10 M⊙yr −1 ), low metallicities (log[O/H] + 12 �8.7) and low reddening (E(B V) 6 0.25) and they reside in low density environments. They have some of the highest specific star for mation rates (up to � 10 −8 yr −1 ) seen in the local Universe, yielding doubling times for their stellar mass of hundreds of Myrs. The few star-forming Peas with HST imaging appear to have several clumps of bright star-forming regions and low surface density features that may indicate recent or ongoing mergers. The Peas are similar in size, mass, luminosity and metallicity to Luminous Blue Compact Galaxies. They are also similar to high redshift UV-luminous galaxies, e.g., Lymanbreak galaxies and Lyman-� emitters, and therefore provide a local laboratory with which to study the extreme star formation processes that occur in high-redshift galaxies. Studying starbursting galaxies as a function of redshift is essential to u nderstanding the build up of stellar mass in the Universe.


The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) issued a Program Comment for Communications Projects on Federal Lands and Property at the request of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to accelerate the review of these projects, particularly broadband deployment, under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The Program Comment can be used by federal land and property managing agencies who must comply with the requirements of Section 106 when deploying communications activities on public lands and property. Federal agencies using the Program Comment may fulfill their Section 106 responsibilities for the relevant undertakings by implementing the terms of this comment, which include processes for the identification of historic properties and consideration of effects to these properties. The Program Comment also identifies certain undertakings that require no further Section 106 review under specified conditions. DATES: The Program Comment was issued by the ACHP on May 8, 2017 and went into effect that day. ADDRESSES: Address all questions concerning the Program Comment to Charlene Dwin Vaughn, AICP, Office of Federal Agency Programs, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, 401 F Street NW., Suite 308, Washington DC 20001–2637. You may submit questions through electronic mail to: cvaughn@ achp.gov.


XPS spectra have been obtained from six metals in the first row of transition elements using a Kratos AXIS HS x-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The six metals analyzed include Cu, Ni, Zn, V, Ge, and Fe. Each sample was Ar+ ion etched before XPS analysis to remove the majority of C and O contamination. The spectra include standard survey scans and high-resolution scans of the photoelectron peaks, as well as x-ray induced Auger peaks. Each spectrum was collected using a monochromatic Al Kα x-ray source operated at 300 W (20 mA, 15 kV). Survey scans were collected using an 80 eV pass energy, while high resolution scans were recorded using a 20 eV pass energy unless indicated otherwise.


Highly realistic non-nuclear testing can be used to investigate and resolve potential issues with space nuclear power and propulsion systems. Non-nuclear testing is particularly useful for systems designed with fuels and materials operating within their demonstrated nuclear performance envelope. Non-nuclear testing also provides an excellent way for screening potential advanced fuels and materials prior to nuclear testing, and for investigating innovative geometries and operating regimes. Non-nuclear testing allows thermal hydraulic, heat transfer, structural, integration, safety, operational, performance, and other potential issues to be investigated and resolved with a greater degree of flexibility and at reduced cost and schedule compared to nuclear testing. The primary limit of non-nuclear testing is that nuclear characteristics and potential nuclear issues cannot be directly investigated. However, non-nuclear testing can be used to augment the potential benefit from any nuclear testing that may be required for space nuclear system design and development. This paper describes previous and ongoing non-nuclear testing related to space nuclear systems at NASA s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).


We have modeled the limb-brightened cavity seen in the new Spitzer Space Telescope IR images of the southwest lobe of HH 46/47 as the bow shock driven by an outflow from a young, low-mass star. We present models in which the outflow is a perfectly collimated, straight jet, models in which the jet precesses, and finally a model in which the outflow takes the form of a latitude-dependent wind. We study cases in which the outflow moves into a constant-density cloud and into a stratified cloud. We find that the best agreement with the observed cavity is obtained for the precessing jet in a stratified cloud. However, the straight jet (traveling in a stratified cloud) also gives cavity shapes close to the observed one. The latitude-dependent wind model that we have computed gives cavity shapes that are substantially wider than the observed cavity. We therefore conclude that the cavity seen in the Spitzer observations of the southwest lobe of the HH 46/47 outflow do not seem to imply the presence of a latitude-dependent wind, as it can be modeled successfully with a perfectly collimated jet model.


Natural compounds with biological activity are normally present in plants, mushrooms and their natural sources. Applied mycology is one of the most stimulating and rapidly evolving areas of the biological sciences. Hence the present study focussed on exploring Microporus affinis (Blume & T. Nees) Kunt., the least explored and edible bracket fungus. Chemical characterization by GC-MS analysis resulted in the presence of 47 bioactive compounds. 9, 12- Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- methyl ester, Ergosterol, Monolinolein, Thiacremonone, Stellasterol, n- Hexadecanoic acid, Ribitol, Maltol etc., were the leading compounds. Because of the presence of various bioactive compounds which have been already reported to possess antitumor, antioxidant and anticancer activities, M. affinis extract has been tested for in vitro anticancer efficacy on DLD1 cell lines (cultured in DMEM medium) using MTT assay. It resulted in the decrease of percentage of viability as the increase in concentration of the extract. Apoptosis was determined by using Acridine orange and Ethidium bromide staining. Thus, the taxa, M. affinis can be recommended for further anticancer assays for validation.


This research aimed to determine the percentage viability of X and Y
spermatozoa after treated by addition HY antisera on egg yolk skim diluent on
Simental Cattle semen. This study was used eight samples, four samples as a
control and four samples treated by HY antisera with incubation time 15, 30, 45
and 60 minutes at 37oC. Spermatozoa preparation were stained with eosinnegrosin
then examined by "optilab viewer" to count the viability of spermatozoa,
length and width of head spermatozoa. Result of X spermatozoa was not
significant difference (P>0.05) with the best percentage viability X spermatozoa
in control and treated HY antisera in 15 minutes. Y spermatozoa showed
significant difference (P<0.05) with the best percentage viability Y spermatozoa
in control in 15 minutes. HY antisera addition had no effect on the percentage
viability of X spermatozoa but had effect decreased on percentage viability of Y
spermatozoa.


Background: The planktonic microcrustacean Daphnia pulex is among the best-studied animals in ecological, toxicological and evolutionary research. One aspect that has sustained interest in the study system is the ability of D. pulex to develop inducible defence structures when exposed to predators, such as the phantom midge larvae Chaoborus . The available draft genome sequence for D. pulex is accelerating research to identify genes that confer plastic phenotypes that are regularly cued by environmental stimuli. Yet for quantifying gene expression levels, no experimentally validated set of internal control genes exists for the accurate normalization of qRT-PCR data. Results: In this study, we tested six candidate reference genes for normalizing transcription levels of D. pulex genes; alpha tubulin (aTub), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), TATA box binding protein (Tbp) syntaxin 16 (Stx16), X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) and CAPON, a protein associated with the neuronal nitric oxide synthase, were selected on the basis of an earlier study and from microarray studies. One additional gene, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), was tested to validate its transcriptional response to Chaoborus , which was earlier observed in a microarray Stx16: syntaxin sucDH: UBC: ubiquitin Xbp1: X-box binding protein BLAST: basic local crossing NCBI: National Information; NF: normalization factor; SD: standard deviation; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.


Dan songs, generated a long time ago, are an important part of the age-old folk songs of the Zhuang people, and one of the Luoyue people's cultural heritages. Dan songs are categorized as day songs and night songs with many types of lyrics. Dan songs, with rich meaning, unique structure, and profound art, have been widely sung in different dialects by different ethnic groups in the Zuojiang River basin, and have been inherited and developed in China-Vietnam border areas.


A generalized sum-difference expansion scheme is proposed to construct sparse arrays based on the fourth-order difference co-array with increased degrees of freedom (DOFs). Different from existing structures, both the second-order sum and difference co-arrays are exploited in array construction under this scheme, leading to a large consecutive fourth-order difference co-array with its number of uniform DOFs (uDOFs) derived. To optimize the provided uDOFs, required design properties of the initial prototype arrays are discussed. Three examples are then provided to demonstrate its superior performance over existing structures in both resolution capacity and estimation accuracy.


The main purpose of the paper is to analyse empirically the sources of technological opportunities. The analysis is based on a survey among 358 RD sie waren in 127 verschiedenen Wirtschaftsarten tatig.


Based on a patent-analysis method, this paper compares the firm-level technology pathways of wind turbine firms across Asia and Europe, and examines the firms' specific innovation strategies that may lead to these pathways being modified in response to any opportunities that may arise. This paper finds that Asian wind turbine firms have different firm-level pathways compared to their European counterparts, whereby they are influenced by different innovation strategies that involve technology foci, learning and R&D collaboration, as well as globalization strategies. Specifically, European wind turbine firms are stronger in most of these strategic dimensions, which enables them to continue to take the lead in terms of technology innovation, while Asian wind turbine firms present a strong learning capacity and customized innovations so that they may challenge European firms in the markets. Based on the analysis, we propose that there might be a limited divergence of the sector-level technological trajectories between Asian and Europe. In addition, we suggest that there is limited opportunity for Asian wind turbine firms to leapfrog with regard to the existing technology trajectories and surpass their European counterparts in the near future. This study will be of interest to policy makers, industrialists, and academics.


Abstract This paper makes a contribution towards justifying the development of human-centred systems by reviving the debate about how to persuade stakeholders and other decisionmakers to vote in favor of these systems development approaches. It starts by a general discussion on how cost-effective the development of human-centred systems can be. Then the relevant part of the comprehensive human-centred systems design framework by William B. Rouse is given as an example of methodology where the issues of justification are systematically covered. Finally, some results from case studies made in Europe are quoted, with the intention to contribute some more evidence supporting the fact that human-centred systems design is superior not only from the purely functional viewpoint, but also can be justified in factual bottom-line (i.e. economic) terms.


We investigate the use of optical systems consisting of either one or two refractive microlens arrays, a collimating and Fourier trans- forming lens for LED beam homogenization. Due to the small lenslet diameters, diffraction can lead to significant deviations from the desired homogene intensity distribution. Therefore, we analyze the two setups applying scalar diffraction theory and explain the occurring effects using numerical calculations. Our theoretical calculations are supported by ex-


In this paper, a reconfigurable peripheral unit for LED lighting communication is presented. Embedded lighting devices require various communication protocols. Usually, serial communication protocols and lighting control communication protocols such as DALI, DMX512, UART, SPI, IrDA, etc. are used in lighting devices. When the requirements of communication protocols are satisfied with separate IPs, the cost and the power consumption can considerably increase. We propose a reconfigurable communication peripheral unit which uses analysis of signal formats of the protocols. The gate count of the reconfigurable peripheral unit uses only 57% of the gate count of the separate implementation. Also, in this paper, a mapping table based DALI-ZigBee interfacing method for flexible lighting network configurations is proposed. Using this method, various DALI-ZigBee network systems can be easily set up. An LED lighting system platform is implemented to verify the operation of the DALI-ZigBee interfacing method. The reconfigurable peripheral unit and the DALI-ZigBee interfacing method can be efficiently used to implement various wired/wireless lighting communication systems.


Your letter, your dear long letter, written in your own hand brought me, along with everything else, one great joy—for the skepticism about the future of analysis stems not from me, dear Mr. Freud, but from you. You alarmed me with it during our conversation in your flat in Vienna, among all the treasures and sacred objects which the tombs have had to yield up to you who have opened up so many a tomb. You then uttered bitter words of deep disappointment and I recall precisely the arguments with which I countered yours, though I had little confidence in their efficacy, when they were set against the feeling that you, the creator, had about your own creation. I am now happy to learn that your low opinion of the worlds of today and tomorrow was to be attributed more to a passing gloom in your feelings than to a Freudian judgment. No one is more entitled to feel this gloom than you, but we are delighted to see it dispersed, and not least for your own sake, for those of us who have experience of analysis have no doubt as to its indestructibility [Zweig 1930, p. 10].


Our interest in this paper is to analyse the asymptotic behaviour of a Timoshenko beam system together with two boundary controls, with delay terms in the first and second equation. Assuming the weights of the delay are small enough, we show that the system is well-posed using the semigroup theory. Furthermore, we introduce a Lyapunov functional that gives the exponential decay of the total energy.


ABSTRACT To describe the rate of pond diversity development and how the age of ponds affects diversity of plants, amphibians, and aquatic insects, eight recently created artificial ponds (four young ponds created in the year 2003 and four new ponds created in the year 2007) were compared to four reference ponds. For each pond, we recorded the presence of plants and the abundance of amphibians and aquatic insects in plots of 0.25 m2 along two orthogonal transects. Data were analyzed using rarefaction technique, permutation tests for multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and rank-abundance diagrams. The new and young ponds showed lower plant and aquatic insect species richness than the reference ponds, and the communities showed gradual changes over time in all three taxa Amphibians, which were absent from new ponds, reached the same species richness as in reference ponds five years after pond creation. PERMANOVA wormed on presence/absence data showed no significant differences in community composition for aquatic insects and amphibians among pond age but showed significant differences among ponds belonging to, the same age classes for all taxa studied.


The pathological features of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)reflect an abnormal immune response that may cause elaboration of different cytokines by the malignant Reed-Sternberg cells or surrounding tissue. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)is a cytokine stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils and granulocytes. This study was designed to estimation serum levels of mentioned cytokine in HL patient's pre and posts various doses of chemotherapy. Study groups were classified into 40 HL, 40 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL), and 40 healthy controls(HC)during May to November 2015. Blood samples were taken from patients who were admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital and hospitals staffs to detect GM-CSF factor level in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A significant decrease in mean serum level of studied cytokine was reported in the majority of HL patients after receiving various doses of chemotherapy. Their mean serum level before receiving any doses of chemotherapy (dose 0) was 6.09+1.15, and after receiving 1-6, 7-12 and 13-30 doses of chemotherapy, their GM-CSF mean levels were decreased significantly to 4.51+0.17, 4.683+0.16 and 4.682+0.44 respectively(p=0.01, p=0.02, and p=0.03). Inversely, the majority of NHL patients mean serum level of the cytokine was increased non-significantly after receiving doses of chemotherapy, excluding at 13-30dose it was increased significantly(p=0.04). The present results indicate that levels of GM-CSF in HL patients are correlated with various doses of chemotherapy and such stimulating factor could be useful means for HL chemotherapy monitoring.


Page Introduction 1 Materials and methods. 3 Seeds 3 Storage chambers 3 Preparation of seed lots 3 Routine for small samples 4 Germination tests 5 Drying equipment 5 Drying routine 6 Treatment of data_ __ 7 Environmental and physical data on seeds.,. 7 Experimental conditions 7 Effects of storage conditions on seed moisture _, 10 Effects of air humidity on seed moisture.. 13 Moisture changes in seeds at 32° F._ 16 Changes in seed weight 17 Germination response to storage 18 Effects of 32* F. storage._ 18 Effects of storage treatments on viability, 19 Relationships to time of storage 28 Dehydration studies 31 Removal of excess moisture 31 Moisture changes at 32° F. storage 33 Effect of artificial drying on viability of seeds 34 Effectsof laboratory storage 38 Dehydrated seeds returned to humidity chambers 40 Discussion _ _ 42 Summary and conclusions _._ 44 Literature cited. _ 46 Add endum. ,._ __ 46


As it is well known to all that the network topology is the arrangement of various elements like links and nodes etc .So topology is nothing but the structure of network .If the nodes changes their location over time ,they have to update their location estimates frequently in order to avoid inaccuracies resulting from using outdated location estimates. So the change of these nodes results frequently and unpredictable changes of network topology, like regular route changes, network partitions and possibly packet losses, making routing a challenging task in MANET network. This network stands for Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a type of network that can change the locations and configure itself on the fly because MANETS are mobiles they use wireless connections to connect a various networks The mostly used routing protocols in such networks are proactive, reactive and hybrid, topologies. This paper evaluates the performance of AODV- and DSR-reactive routing protocols in MANET network using GPRS quality data traffic by calculating matrices such as packet delivery fraction, end-to-end delay.


The electrochemical preparation and performance of the two dimension giant magnetoresistant nanomaterials(including nanometer metallic multilayer film(artificial superlattice),discontinuous multilayer film,spin vavles and nanometer metallic granular film etc,.) and the one dimension giant magnetoresistant nanomaterials—nanometer metallic multilayer line were summarized.Applications of giant magnetoresistant materials to ultra-high-sensitivity micro sensor, high density read head,magnetic random access memory and magnetoelectronic elements were introduced.The existing problems in preparation and application of giant magnetoresistance nanomaterials and its development direction were presented.


Simple Summary Music therapy seems to exhibit beneficial properties for a variety of human medical conditions, with some benefits being reported even throughout the perioperative period. In accordance with the human literature, the responses of animals' exposure to musical auditory stimuli as a means of environmental enrichment seem to be encouraging, but very little is known about the effect of music when used as an adjuvant to anaesthetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of classical music on the depth of sedation and propofol requirements for the induction of anaesthesia in 20 healthy dogs. Each dog was sedated three times, using a mild premedication protocol, and was exposed to Chopin, Mozart and no-music treatments for 90 min via loudspeakers, with a 3-month gap between each one of the three auditory interventions. The dogs' exposure to classical music resulted in higher sedation scores and approximately 20% lower propofol dose requirements for the intubation of the trachea. This study proposes that music may prove a simple, safe and effective nonpharmacologic adjunct when used as part of a mild premedication protocol. Abstract The main objective of this prospective, randomized, blind, cross-over experimental study was to evaluate the effect of classical music on the depth of sedation and propofol requirements for the induction of anaesthesia in dogs. Twenty dogs were involved, and each was subjected to three different treatments with a 3-month gap: Chopin music, Mozart music, and no music, via loudspeakers. The dogs were premedicated with acepromazine and butorphanol by intramuscular injection, and anaesthesia was induced using propofol intravenously. To compare the depth of sedation and propofol requirements for the induction of anaesthesia among the different treatments, we utilized non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis test) for the depth of sedation due to a slight deviation from the normal distribution and parametric (ANOVA) for propofol requirements. When exposed to music (Chopin or Mozart), dogs exhibited deeper sedation and required less propofol for their intubation compared to the no-music treatment (p < 0.05). Exposure to classical music had a positive impact on the level of sedation, and more profound central nervous system depression seemed to contribute to approximately 20% lower propofol dose requirements for tracheal intubation. Therefore, classical music during the preoperative period appeared to exert a beneficial effect, at least when applying the specific pre-anaesthetic medications used in the present study.


The paper studies the existed problems of English of Textile Foreign Trade being compiled, finding out the differences between ESP course books and professional English course books. ESP course books focus on the comprehensive capacity of English practical use in order to use language skills effectively to achieve interpersonal exchange, professional learning in specific workplaces. Its content is related to certain subjects, occupations and activities. Its purpose is to meet the needs of social industry. For the preparation of teaching materials of English of Textile Foreign Trade being compiled, we put forward some compiling Principles and standards of ESP course books by taking occupational skills and ESP courses as centers.


A conflict of interest statement was mistakenly omitted from the article by Wang et al. [WZB20]. The statement is provided here: The jellyphant mesh and its geometric proxy motion was obtained at Ziva Dynamics. Jernej Barbic is a shareholder, CTO and board member of Ziva Dynamics. Ziva Dynamics was not involved in this research. Nothing in this paper is to be understood as endorsement of Ziva Dynamics or its products.


As an important communication infrastructure, the data transmission efficiency of Network-on-Chip (NoC) plays a key role in improving the performance of multi-core systems. A packet and circuit switching mechanism based adaptive transmission network (PCSAT_NET), supporting X-Y routing and Retrograde-Turn routing strategies, which is suitable for mass data transmission is proposed here. It also adopts targeted optimization measures for mass data transmission, including keep-alive and adaptive transmission mechanism. The goal of this architecture is to achieve higher transmission efficiency in a congested data network. Therefore, we deployed a multi-core system based on this network, and experimental results show that compared with the traditional packet and circuit switching mechanism based network, PCSAT_NET could reduce the overall run time by at least 23% when the data network is severely congested and each task competes for computing resources.


Article considers particularities of market infrastructure as the system of regional scale. Despite wide range of services provided by companies, forming market infrastructure, there are common features between services that allows to use system approach to formation of regional market infrastructure. Today formation of methods that allow to recognize factor's standard valueare the most important. These factors characterize regional economy development level.


Objective: To examine the efficiency of both the Zeta and density gradient centrifugation (DGC) methods for the selection of normal chromatin sperm by TUNEL, sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD), acridine orange and chromomycin A3 (CMA3). Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 63 patients. Semen analysis was carried out according to WHO criteria. Semen samples were divided into three equal portions. One portion was used as the control, the second portion was used for the Zeta method and the third portion underwent DGC method. All portions were evaluated for sperm morphology (Diff Quick staining), protamine deficiency (CMA3) and DNA integrity (SCD, AO and TUNEL). Coefficients of correlation and students t test were carried out using SPSS 11.5. Results: The mean percentage of abnormal sperm, protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation in the Zeta and DGC methods were significantly decreased as compared to the control group (p<0.005). In addition, the DGC method was higher in comparison to the Zeta method in the selection of sperm with normal morphology (p<0.005). The Zeta method was higher in comparison to the DGC method in the selection of sperm with intact DNA (p<0.005). Conclusion: Both Zeta and DGC methods were effective in the selection of sperm with better quality in terms of normal morphology, normal protamine content and DNA integrity. Therefore, we suggested that the combined Zeta and DGC method should be used for selection


The occurrence of quasiperiodic motions in nonconservative dynami cal systems is of great -fundamental importance. However, current understanding concerning the question of how prevalent such m otions should be is incomplete. With this in mind, the types of attractors which can exist for flows on an N·torus are studied numerically for N = 3 and 4. Specifically, nonlinear perturbations are applied to maps representing N·frequeney quasiperiodic attractors. These perturbations can cause the original N-frequency quasiperiodic attractors to bifurcate to other types of attractors. Our results show that for small and moderate nonlinearity the frequency of occurrence of quasiperiodic motions is as follows: N-frequency quasiperiodic attractors are the most common, followed by (N - Ij-Irequcncy quasiperiodic attractors , .. . , followed by periodic attractors. However, as the nonlinearity is further increased. N·frequency quasiperiodicity becomes less common, ceasing to occur when the map becomes noninvertible. Chaotic attractors are very rare for N = 3 for small to mod erate nonlinearity, but are somewhat more common for N = 4. Examination of the types of chaotic attractors that occur for N = 3 reveals a rich variety of structure and dynamics. In particular, we see that there are chaot ic attractors which apparently fill the ent ire N-torus (i.e., limit sets of orbits on these attractors are the entire torus); Iurthermore, these are the most. common types of chaotic attractors at moderate nonlinearit ies.


Based on the data of forest resource inventory for management,an afforestation paln information system was established,by using Visual Foxpro.The system can automatically implement the calculation of plantation size,the choices of plantation site and species,query of silviculture techniques,investment budget and export of report forms.


Recently, there has been an increasing interest in non-autonomous composition of perturbed hyperbolic systems: composing perturbations of a given hyperbolic map $F$ results in statistical behaviour close to that of $F$ . We show this fact in the case of piecewise regular expanding maps. In particular, we impose conditions on perturbations of this class of maps that include situations slightly more general than what has been considered so far, and prove that these are stochastically stable in the usual sense. We then prove that the evolution of a given distribution of mass under composition of time-dependent perturbations (arbitrarily—rather than randomly—chosen at each step) close to a given map $F$ remains close to the invariant mass distribution of $F$ . Moreover, for almost every point, Birkhoff averages along trajectories do not fluctuate wildly. This result complements recent results on memory loss for non-autonomous dynamical systems.


In this work, we analyze direct numerical simulations of thr ee-dimensional (3D), freely propagating flames that are steadily driven by fast turbulence. Previous work has shown that these simulations belong to the thin reaction zone (TRZ) regime where the flamel et approximation is valid [1]. Our goal is to analyze the organization and evolution of the flame surf ace to identify patterns and features that may be used to construct subgrid-scale (SGS) models of turbu lent premixed combustion. Namely, we wish to understand how flamelets are organized in the turbule nt flame brush, whether a universal scaling law applies to the structure, over which scales the flame is fo lded, and whether the packing structure is stable.


Due to the technological development, the electronic power progress and economic stake, through the use of Wound Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM) has taken more and more places in different domains (transport, energy production, electric drive..,) thanks to their robustness, efficiency and lower costs. Despite the performed work researches and the improvement that has been brought, these machines still remain the potential seats of failures both in stator and rotor levels. Consequently, WRIM faults detection is currently one of the centers of interest of several researches of both academic and industrial laboratories. In fact, this article addresses this problem by the use of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) for faults detection in Offshore Wind Turbine Generator (OWTG). An accurate analytic modeling of healthy and faulted OWTG is suggested to perform the data matrix needed for PCA method. Tests were achieved using a numeric simulator on Matlab/Simulink software. Analysis of OWTG simulation proves the efficiency of PCA method. Several simulation results will be presented and discussed.


Phenologies and foodplant use are documented for wild larvae of 13 species of Nearctic Catocala moths whose larvae feed on trees and shrubs in the plant families Juglandaceae, Fagaceae, and Myricaceae. Individual Catocala species restricted feeding to one foodplant family, with larvae of 4 species taken only on oaks (Quercus), 1 on sweet fern (Comptonia), and 8 on hickories (Carya) and walnuts (Juglans). Taxonomic divisions within Juglandaceae defined further boundaries to foodplant acceptability, with larvae of 2 species found on walnuts, and the other 6 on hickories. All Carya feeders preferred shagbark hickory, Carya ovata, with 3 of 6 being limited to it. Mature larvae were found on more kinds of foodplants than young larvae of the same species. Larval resting sites shifted from leaves to branches and bark as larvae matured. Different Catocala species had differing overall resting sites, with 3 of the 6 Carya feeders specializing in hiding under bark. Parasitism was lower in these 3 species compared to species that rest exposed on branches. Periodic competition for food between Catocala larvae and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae is shown to be intense.


In this paper, we introduce and investigate the concept of MS-ideals of MS-algebras. We reveal the connections between MS-ideals and several kinds of ideals as prime ideals, kernel ideals, e-ideals, dominator ideals and closure ideals. We show that many of these classes are proper subclasses of the class of MS-ideals. We round off with many properties of the homomorphic images, inverse homomorphic images of MS-ideals and congruence relations. Mathematics Subject Classification: 06D05, 06D30


Contractility in animal cells is often generated by molecular motors such as myosin, which require polar substrates for their function. Motivated by recent experimental evidence of motor-independent contractility, we propose a robust motor-free mechanism that can generate contraction in biopolymer networks without the need for substrate polarity. We show that contractility is a natural consequence of active binding/unbinding of crosslinkers that breaks the Principle of Detailed Balance, together with the asymmetric force-extension response of semiflexible biopolymers. We calculate the resulting contractile velocity using both a simple coarse-grained model and a more detailed microscopic model for a viscoelastic biopolymer network. Our model may provide an explanation of recent reports of motor-independent contractility in cells. Our results also suggest a mechanism for generating contractile forces in synthetic active materials.


The averaged null energy condition has known violations for quantum fields in curved space, even when one considers only achronal geodesics. Many such examples involve rapid variation in the stress-energy tensor in the vicinity of the geodesic under consideration, giving rise to the possibility that averaging in additional dimensions would yield a principle universally obeyed by quantum fields. However, after discussing various procedures for additional averaging, including integrating over all dimensions of the manifold, we give here a class of examples that violate any such averaged condition.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires acute dermal systemic toxicity testing for hazard classification and labeling of pesticides to protect human health and the environment during the handling and use of chemicals. This study considered whether acute oral LD50 data could be used to determine EPA acute dermal hazard classifications. Oral and dermal LD50 data were collected for 225 pesticide active ingredients. Two approaches were used to predict dermal hazard classifications. First, oral hazard categories based on oral LD50 were compared to dermal hazard categories based on dermal LD50. Concordance with the reference dermal hazard categories was 65% (146/225), overclassification was 31% (70/225), and underclassification was 4% (9/225). In the second approach, the oral LD50 was used directly to assign the dermal hazard category. Concordance with the reference dermal hazard categories was 43% (96/225), overclassification was 56% (126/225), and underclassification was 1% (3/225). For substances in EPA Category IV the predictivity was 100% (22/22) with either approach. These data suggest that if only acute oral toxicity data are used for predicting both oral and dermal hazards, the dermal acute toxicity of many pesticide actives could be overstated.


This paper presents a
study of physical and biogeochemical variables using numerical model and mixed
layer oceanographic data from a 2 - 3 year in
situmeasurements in the Northwestern and Northeastern sites of the Atlantic
Ocean. Model outputs are presented and indicated that very good estimates may
be obtained. The outputs showed considerable agreement in reproducing seasonal
distributions of pCO2, pCO2-T, pCO2-nonT,
mixed layer temperature, and chlorophyll-a in both winter and summer, and
therefore provide useful physical and theoretical understanding of their
biogeochemistry. The model pCO2indicated
a distinct temporal variability with seasonal changes coinciding with the
change in sea surface temperature. It also provides an agreement that there is
a strong seasonal cycle of mixed layer parameters filliped by nonthermal and
physical factors. As an outgrowth of this work, the pCO2 model outputs affirm the North
Atlantic Ocean capacity as an important oceanographic sink for anthropogenic
carbon dioxide.


Using "3D-pinpointing approach",Zr_(55)Ti_2Co_(28)AI_(15) alloy with high glass-forming ability (GFA) is discovered in quaternary Zr-Ti-Co-AI system,whose critical diameter for BMG formation reaches 8 mm.In comparison with Ti-free ternary Zr_(56)Co_(28)Al_(16) BMG,glass transition temperature(T_9) of Zr_(55)Ti_2Co_(28)AI_(15) BMG decreases by about 9K.Nevertheless,no significant difference is observed in the elastic constants such as Young's modulus,shear modulus,bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio.Compressive fracture strength of Zr_(55)Ti_2Co_(28)Al_(15) BMG is around 1990 MPa,while its fracture strength in tension is about 1690 MPa.


Abstract:Objective. This study examines organizational factors relating to climate and culture that might facilitate or impede the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP) targeting behavioral health in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). Methods. Employees at six FQHCs participating in an evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI) initiative for mood disorders and alcohol abuse were interviewed (N=32) or surveyed using the Organizational Context Survey (OCS) assessing culture and climate (N=64). Results. The FQHCs scored relatively well on proficiency, a previously established predictor of successful EBP implementation, but also logged high scores on scales assessing rigidity and resistance, which may hinder implementation. Qualitative data contextualized scores on FQHC culture and climate dimensions. Conclusions. Results suggest that the unique culture of FQHCs may influence implementation of evidence-based behavioral health interventions.


Nowadays,the situation of global environment change is rigorous increasingly,climate change has become one of the most challenging issues in world politics,cooperation on dealing with the challenges of climate change has become an inevitable choice for the all countries. Due to the similar principles and positions on climate change,China and India began cooperation on climate change. The cooperation can not only help promote the international climate change negotiations to achieve remarkable results,but also contribute to further development of bilateral relations and the formation of international governance and the world's center of powers.


The shift from offline to online shopping is accompanied with many changes for the retail as well as the transport sector. One of the effects of the rising use of the Internet is that more and more people also shop online and this could imply that also the need to travel to stores decreases. Physical stores are however still in business and trips to these stores are still be made. It implies that people not always as rational human beings that act in a cost minimizing. There could also be such thing where people derive utility from shopping and shopping can be seen as an activity that is fun. This research tries to find if the rising amount of online retail has an effect on transport behaviour. A dataset for the Netherlands is used to investigate this effect quantitatively. The results do show that there is a positive effect of online frequency use on the travel distance for shopping purposes. A different perception of the gain in utility derived from fun shopping could not be found in this investigation. The research as well as literature however did find significant effects for personal characteristics like income, urbanity and gender on travel distance for physical shopping trips.


1 tax partnerships and agreements with Aboriginal communities; 2 complete revocation of tobacco taxes; 3 reduction of tobacco taxes to narrow price differences among jurisdictions; 4 better record keeping by the RCMP; 5 educational campaign to increase awareness of the dangers and costs linked to contraband tobacco; 6 increased enforcement against contraband wholesalers and retailers. Combatting the Contraband Tobacco Trade in Canada


Charge transfer between ions and atoms has been studied extensively for high-energy collisions ( > 1 keV), but there have been relatively few studies for lower energy collisions. 2 It is important to study ion-atom collisions at low energies, not only to provide data for theorists to help generate a more complete understanding of atomic collisions physics, but also to gain accurate knowledge of the underlying processes in astrophysical and fusion plasmas, which typically have interactions with kinetic energies in the range of 0.1 to 100 eV/amu. Experimental cross section measurements taken at low energies can assist theorists in developing a more complete model. In this experiment, an octopole ionbeam guide (OPIG) technique is used in conjunction with the Kansas State University (KSU) Cryogenic Electron Beam Ion Source (CRYEBIS), to facilitate the study of these low energy collisions. An r-f field applied to the OPIG confines the ions radial motion, but does not affect the motion along the beam axis. The OPIG is also floated on a DC potential in order to decelerate the projectile ion to the desired collision velocity. The r-f field serves to prevent the beam from blowing up, which reduces the beam intensity. In a conventional collision cell without an OPIG it is then difficult to measure ions that have a large scattering angle. However, an additional benefit of the OPIG is its ability to collect product ions having a large angular spread. In a collision cell with an OPIG, the product ions having a positive axial velocity component in the laboratory frame are guided along the beam axis in the downstream direction. After exiting the OPIG these ions can then be measured. The Si + He collision system has been studied at energies as 100eV, 500eV, and 1200eV for q = 3, 4 and 5, respectively. These results will be presented. The low energy limitation of these results was due to our ion detection system. This has now been improved and we anticipate measurements down to a few eV/amu. Progress on this experiment will be reported.


The ketamine, ketamine+diazepam, xylazine, compound xylazine, Lumianning and 846 complex were used as anaesthetic and restraint drugs to treat 163 clinical cases in twenty two tigers including six South China Tigers ,thirteen Siberian Tigers and three Bengal Tigers, and the restraint efficacy of the six preparations were compared.The results showed that the efficacy of compound xylazine and Lumianning was the best, the xylazine and ketlamine+diazepam running second, and ketamine and 846 complex was the poorest. The restraint efficacy of the six drugs did not differ significantly when they were used for restraint in the three subspecies of tigers.


Review(s) of: Music late at night: Poems 1970-1973, by James McAuley; The alphabet murders: Notes from a work in progress, by John Tranter; Extracts from Ross' poems, by Geoffrey Lehmann, Tropical skiing, by John Forbes; Seventh avenue poems, by Thomas Shapcott; Good morning earthquake, by Simon Bronsky.


Different pricing rules in multiunit auctions provide different incentives for a bidder to corner the auction and thus require different levels of effort from the seller to deter cornering. We consider three different types of auctions: the pay-your-bid or "discriminatory" auction commonly used by the US Treasury, the lowest-winning-bid uniform-price auction used in the current Treasury experiment, and the highest-losing-bid uniform-price auction considered by Vickrey almost four decades ago. We show that the pay-your-bid auction provides the greatest incentive to corner the market, that the experimental Treasury auction provides less incentive, and that the highest-losing-bid uniform-price auction provides the least. Arguably, the less the incentive to corner the market, the easier it will be for sellers to deter cornering, and the greater their expected revenue (net of the cost to deter cornering) will be in otherwise expected-revenue-equivalent auctions. Copyright (c) 2001 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.


It is shown that invariant foci exist for skew rays, and simple formulae are obtained for the change in aberration relative to those foci due to refraction or reflection at an interface. The formulae are valid for any form of interface Expressions for focal shifts are obtained together with check formulae The method makes possible the analysis of the aberrations along skew rays as they arise at individual surfaces.


In this paper we present a music retrieval method. The algorithm works in two steps: noise cancellation and music retrieval. In noise cancellation step we apply filtering on psychoacoustic representation of the given music signal to get a clean noise-free signal which can truly represent the music. Each music has a particular and unique beat pattern called main beat. This representative feature from the noise-free signal is extracted which is followed by one matching method at the retrieval stage. Similar types of features are extracted from the music database or training music as well as the test music. For feature extraction, a music signal is primarily segmented into small windows in the time domain. Extracted features from both the training and query music are matched using similarity matching algorithm. 94% retrieval accuracy of our method is quiet satisfactory. Our experimental result shows the feasibility of our approach.


Deep neural networks (DNNs) that tackle the time series classification (TSC) task have provided a promising framework in signal processing. In real-world applications, as a data-driven model, DNNs are suffered from insufficient data. Few-shot learning has been studied to deal with this limitation. In this paper, we propose a novel few-shot learning framework through data augmentation, which involves transformation through the time-frequency domain and the generation of synthetic images through random erasing. Additionally, we develop a sequence-spectrogram neural network (SSNN). This neural network model composes of two sub-networks: one utilizing 1D residual blocks to extract features from the input sequence while the other one employing 2D residual blocks to extract features from the spectrogram representation. In the experiments, comparison studies of different existing DNN models with/without data augmentation are conducted on an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) dataset and a wind turbine fault (WTF) dataset. The experimental results manifest that our proposed method achieves 93.75% F1 score and 93.33% accuracy on the ALS datasets while 95.48% F1 score and 95.59% accuracy on the WTF datasets. Our methodology demonstrates its applicability of addressing the few-shot problems for time series classification.


Consultant physician Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, 1949-79 (b London 1915; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1938; MD, FRCP), died from metastatic renal cancer on 20 October 2002.

During the second world war he served in the Far East with the Royal Air Force medical service. As a full time consultant in Birmingham he developed a special interest in diabetes. In 1957 his personal life was utterly changed when his wife, Sally, was killed in a road traffic incident. Their four children aged between 16 and 3 became his overwhelming preoccupation. He never remarried. A keen pianist and harpsichordist, he was a devotee of opera and literature, and has left a collection of his own poetry, some of it published. He leaves four children.


Numerous works that have demonstrated the study and enhancement of switching properties of ZnO-based RRAM devices are discussed. Several native point defects that have a direct or indirect effect on ZnO are discussed. The use of doping elements, multi-layered structures, suitable bottom and top electrodes, controlling the deposition materials, and the impact of hybrid structure for enhancing the switching dynamics are discussed. The potentials of ZnO-based RRAM for invisible and bendable devices are also covered. ZnO-based RRAM has the potential for possible application in bio-inspired cognitive computational systems. Thus, the synapse capability of ZnO is presented. The sneak-path current issue also besets ZnO-based RRAM crossbar array architecture. Hence, various attempts to subdue the bottleneck have been shown and discussed in this article. Interestingly, ZnO provides not only helpful memory features. However, it demonstrates the ability to be used in nonvolatile multifunctional memory devices. Also, this review covers various issues like the effect of electrodes, interfacial layers, proper switching layers, appropriate fabrication techniques, and proper annealing settings. These may offer a valuable understanding of the study and development of ZnO-based RRAM and should be an avenue for overcoming RRAM challenges.


Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Specification of the Nominal GNP Growth Equation
Ⅲ. Anticipated versus Unanticipated Nominal GNP Growth and Real Output
Ⅳ. Concluding Remarks
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
國文抄錄


The plight of the wrongfully convicted is gaining prominence with the growing awareness of the prodigious harms to innocent persons at the hands of the criminal justice system. Most of the attention, both scholarly and legislatively, has been focused on the causes of miscarriages of justice. What needs to now be addressed more comprehensively is the issue of how to provide redress to those persons whose lives have been inexorably damaged; and how to best compensate them in their efforts to rebuild a life. Virtually all western democracies have turned their attention to this issue, some more effectively than others. This paper looks at the similarities and the differences in the approaches between the United States and Canada in this regard. Lessons can be learned from both.


Three distinctly different ultramafic erratics are scattered on glacially sculpted and striated bedrock at South Twin Island in Pelham Bay Park, immediately north of Orchard Beach in The Bronx, NYC. We have examined and sampled the three erratics in an attempt to demonstrate provenance and to establish paleoflow patterns of the Pleistocene glacier or glaciers responsible for transporting them. To this end we have conducted field studies, major, minor, trace, and rare-earth element analyses, electron microprobe analyses, and petrographic analysis on the samples and have compared the results to nearby New England ultramafic intrusives found in the published literature.


A Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer is an analyst and briefer at an embassy in a far-flung zone of American intervention. The officer faces an increasingly unrealistic and obtuse ambassador...


Resistivity tomography is very effective geophysical method to find out the resistivity distribution and its change in time around a tunnel. Thus, the resistivity tomogram can provide helpful information which is necessary for the effective maintenance of the tunnel. However, an air filled tunnel severely distorts tomography data, especially when the current or potential electrode is placed near the tunnel. Moreover, the distortion can often lead to misinterpretation of tomography monitoring data. To solve these problem, we developed a resistivity modeling and time-lapse inversion program which include a tunnel. In this study, using the developed program we assured that the inversion including a tunnel gives much more accurate image around a tunnel, compared with the conventional tomogram where the tunnel is not included. We also confirmed that the time-lapse inversion of resistivity monitoring data defines well resistivity changed areas around a tunnel in time.


Protozoa, a ubiquitous component of microbial biofilms, are able to rapidly colonise new substrata and reach high abundances, yet their potential to influence invertebrate settlement on these biofilms remains largely unknown. We conducted still-water, no-choice settlement assays to determine the individual effects of 4 different species of marine biofilm-dwelling ciliates on settlement of the polychaete worm, Galeolaria caespitosa. The ciliates included vagile and planktonic species common to natural assemblages. Each ciliate species significantly inhibited the settlement of G. caespitosa, with the exception of Litonotus sp. The extent of inhibition differed significantly among ciliate species. Settlement was significantly reduced in the presence of Amphisiella sp. (37.5%), Euplotes minuta (43.7%) and Uronema marinum (39.6%) over 72 hours compared to the control. Settlement rates in the presence of filtrate from ciliate cultures were at no point significantly different from a control, ruling out a dissolved chemical cue; settlement was only inhibited in the physical presence of ciliates. Video analysis showed that the ciliate Euplotes minuta elicits more erratic movement and substrate avoidance in surface exploration by G. caespitosa larvae. In addition, the distribution of bacteria in the ciliate treatments was significantly more clustered than in controls, indicating a potential indirect mechanism by which ciliates impacted larval settlement. This is the first report of a behavioural response of invertebrate larvae following direct contact with ciliates which, together with possible indirect interactions involving bacteria, may constrain invertebrate recruitment in nature.


This invention provides a fluorescent substance composite glass, which is chemically stable, has a large size and a small thickness, is uniform in thickness, and, at the same time, has a high energy conversion efficiency, and a fluorescent substance composite glass green sheet and a process for prooducing a fluorescent substance composite glass. The fluorescent substance composite glass is produced by baking a mixture comprising a glass powder and an inorganic fluorescent substance powder and is characterized in that, when light having a luminescence peak in a wavelength region of 350 to 500 nm is applied, the efficiency of conversion of energy to a visible light wavelength region of 380 to 780 nm is not less than 10%.


The results of a comprehensive treatment of 41 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis in hospital surgical department of Ivano-Frankivsk Central Clinical Hospital in the period from 2010 to 2013 are analyzed. Considering sensitivity of the detected microflora to antibiotics in the early period of the course of acute pancreatitis protected cephalosporins are recommended (avibactamom, tazobactam) combined with metronidazole. With the development of pancreatic necrosis advisable carbapenems are advisable: ertapenem, in severe condition – imipinem, cilastatin and meropenem.


The performance of a multistage passively aerated biological filter (PABF) packed with Nonwoven polyester fabric (NWPF) for municipal wastewater treatment was investigated under different operating conditions. The system was operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 2.3, 1.72 and 1.38 h and corresponding to organic loading rates (OLRs) of 1.77, 2.15 and 2.9 kg BOD/m3. d. Increasing HRT and decreasing OLR, increased dissolved oxygen (DO) and consequently increased the removal rate of organic matters (87%), suspended solids (95.8%) and ammonia (88%). Profile results from different compartments showed that the major part of organic and suspended matters was removed in the upper layers of the system, whereas most of the suspended solids were trapped, while the nitrification process took place in the lower part of the PABF system because of the increase in DO concentrations. The results proved the advantage of using NWPF. It has pleated and rough surface which retain more biomass compared with plain surface. Excess biomass produced from PABF was negligible compared to conventional treatment systems.


During the past decade, the importance of geophysics in the exploration and production of oil and gas has grown steadily; and geophysics now displaces a significant amount of drilling activity. These changes have resulteddirectly from advances in geophysical technology, with 3‐D seismic imaging arguably the most significant advance in petroleum‐industry technology in recent years. However, technological advances and applications of those advances must continue if geophysics is to continue to grow in importance. At the same time, a global marketplace for geophysics has emerged, providing numerous professional and commercial opportunities for geophysicists. SEG has played a major role in both the globalization of geophysics and the development of geophysical technology. This article, a written version of my Presidential Address at the 1994 Annual Meeting in Los Angeles, provides my perspectives on the state of thegeophysical industry, the importance of geophysical technology, and SEG's role in advancing the...


Using a well-known method for laboratory plasma diagnostics, the Boltzmann plot, we discuss the physical properties in the broad-line regions (BLRs) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We apply the Boltzmann plot method to Balmer lines on a sample of 14 AGNs and find that it may indicate the existence of "case B" recombination or partial local thermodynamical equilibrium (PLTE). For the BLR of AGNs, where PLTE exists, we estimated the electron temperature and density of the BLRs. The estimated electron temperatures (T ~ 13,000-37,000 K) are in good agreement with previous estimates. The estimated electron densities depend on the opacity of the emitting plasma in the BLRs. They range from Ne ~ 109 cm-3 for optically thick to Ne ~ 1014 cm-3 for optically thin emission plasma in the BLRs. The estimated electron temperature has been shown to be velocity-dependent, and it decreases for higher velocities. Although the alternative explanation to PLTE indicated by the Boltzmann plot may be considered (e.g., high intrinsic reddening), the method may give a quick estimate of physical conditions in the BLRs before applying the sophisticated methods.


A novel companding transform scheme, which compresses large signals while enhancing small signals, is proposed to effectively reduce peak-average-power-ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. The proposed method has a low implementation complexity while achieving a significant reduction of PAPR. For validating the method, linear piecewise linear, nonlinear-symmetrical and nonlinear-quasi-symmetrical companding transform schemes are studied. It is shown by computer simulations that the proposed method can outperform the well-known clipping-filtering scheme substantially.


A series of 13-cis-retinoate aryl derivatives were synthesized from 13-cis-retinoic acid and phenols or arylalcohol with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as reagent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst. Their structures were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and MS. The crystal of 3a has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and its molecular structure has been confirmed. Compound 3a belongs to monoclinic system with space group P2 (1)/c, a = 22.235 (3) Å, b = 7.4117 (10) Å, c = 15.990 (2) Å, β = 109.253 (3) °, V = 2487.7 (6) Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.0613, ωR = 0.01437.


Reaction of the 17-electron radical •Cr(CO)3Cp* (Cp* = C5Me5) with 0.5 equiv of 2-aminophenyl disulfide [(o-H2NC6H4)2S2] results in rapid oxidative addition to form the initial product (o-H2N)C6H4S...


The crystal structures ofI·0.5H 2O (L=12,14-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-11,13-diene) and[Cu(2,3,2-tet)I 2] [2,3,2-tet=N,N′-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine] have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. I·0.5H 2O crystallizes in space group Pbca with Z=16, a=1.806 5(6) nm, b=1.801 7(6) nm, c= 1.972 3(7) nm, R=\{0.042 6\}, wR=0.085 7. The asymmetric unit consists of two independent + cations, two iodide anions and one water molecule. The nickel(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic ligand with the Ni-N bond distances ranging from 0.184 8(6)-0.193 0(6) nm. Crystal data for [\{Cu(2,3,2-tet)I 2\}]: space group P2(1)/n, Z=4, a=\{0.796 4(2)\} nm, b=\{1.114 7(2)\} nm, c=\{1.644 2(3)\} nm, β=91.42(3)°, R=0.034 2, wR=0.085 2. The structure consists of [Cu(2,3,\{2-tet)I 2\}] monomers with characteristic N 4I 2 donor sets.