Tellurium, as an elemental van der Waals semiconductor, has intriguing anisotropic physical properties owing to its inherent 1D crystal structure. To exploit the anisotropic and thickness‐dependent behavior, it is important to realize orientated growth of ultrathin tellurium. Here, van der Waals epitaxial growth of Te on the surface of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides is systematically investigated. Orientated growth of Te with a thickness down to 5 nm is realized on three‐fold symmetric substrates (WSe2, WS2, MoSe2, and MoS2), where the atomic chains of Te are aligned with the armchair directions of substrates. 1D/2D moiré superlattices are observed for the Te/WSe2 heterostructure. This method is extended to the growth of SeTe alloys, providing flexibility for band engineering. Finally, growth of textured Te film is demonstrated on the lower‐symmetry surface of WTe2.


The process flow and technical regime of Ni-C composite plating were given.The technical measures to improve roughness copper foil and strengthen dispersion of carbon black were introduced.The influences of current density,pH,temperature and stirring on deposit and Ni-C codeposition were discussed.The maintenance and precautions of bath were summarized.The test results prove that the quality of electrode piece covered by Ni-C composite deposit can satisfy the performance requirements of PTC thermal resister.


The corrosion features of metal coatings were analyzed based on the mechanism of pit corrosion. Some methods for improving the corrosion resistance including multilayer nickel plating,bright Ni/Cr plating,primer plating,and post treatment were given.


In conventional earthquake resistance design approach (the ductility-design philosophy), the energy dissipation mechanism is based on plastic deformations at scattered locations in the structure. However, this can produce permanent damage to the joints as well as the larger interstory displacements. In recently years, the base isolation technology has been adopted as a feasible and attractive way in improving seismic resistance of structures. It can shift the natural periods of structures away from the rich periods contents of earthquake motions, but also provide considerable supplemental damping to dissipate seismic energy transmitted into structures during earthquakes. In this paper, uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial shaking table tests are performed to study the seismic behavior of a 0.4-scale three-story isolated steel structure in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan. Experimental results demonstrate that structures with hybrid rubber bearings can actually decrease the seismic responses of the superstructure. It has been proved through the shaking table tests that the rubber bearing is a very promising tool to enhance the seismic resistibility of structures. Moreover, it is illustrated that the proposed analytical model and finite element formulation in this paper can well predict the mechanical behavior of rubber bearings and seismic responses of the base-isolated structures.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


We define here a pseudo B-Fredholm operator as an operator such that 0 is
 isolated in its essential spectrum, then we prove that an operator T is
 pseudo-B-Fredholm if and only if T = R + F where R is a Riesz operator and
 F is a B-Fredholm operator such that the commutator [R,F] is compact.
 Moreover, we prove that 0 is a pole of the resolvent of an operator T in the
 Calkin algebra if and only if T = K + F, where K is a power compact operator
 and F is a B-Fredholm operator, such that the commutator [K,F] is compact.
 As an application, we characterize the mean convergence in the Calkin
 algebra.


Overview Secondary fuels, coming out as by-products of many industrial activities or produced as waste materials of generic human activities, can be properly used ad actually they are, as useful energy sources. In fact many waste materials contain a significant amount of energy, generally coming both from fossil and renewable sources. Their classification, in Italy, is defined according to specific regulations (DLgs 387/2003, DLgs 152/06). This legislation has recently been revised and collected in a framework law on environmental protection, which includes the definition for CDR and CDR-Q as refused derived fuels, coming from specific processes and having well defined characteristics. They differ from the more general definition of solid urban wastes (RSU) just the level of quality obtained through the different treatments they receive. The usage of these materials, along with others coming from many industrial sectors, are similarly regulated by the previously cited legislation, which allows their use as secondary fuels for power generation in devoted plants, such as waste incinerators, or in cocombustion with traditional fuels in power stations or in kilns for the production of cement. These secondary fuels are acquiring an increasing importance for many industrial sectors, since they represent a low cost source of energy in a market characterised by the very high and constantly increasing prices of the conventional fuels. In the recent past the use of these secondary fuels has been favoured by a system of national incentives, which have been now cancelled or reduced only to the fraction of bio-genic origin. This change can partially modify the previously defined trends. The present paper wants to analyse the current situation and its possible evolutions also in the perspective of the just born emission market.


We present a continuous time semi-Markov switching model of a financial market where the holding time distributions are gamma distributed. The notion of equivalent local martingale measures is studied in some detail. We characterize equivalent martingale measures such that the structure of the semi-Markov process is preserved under the change of measure. We then present Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for estimating the parameters of the model when treating the semi-Markov process as hidden. This approach also allows for model selection. Based on this, we briefly discuss a technique of model calibration in our context. This will allow to select the parameters that best fit the data available on the market or in other terms to select a specific martingale measure amongst those preserving the gamma distributed semi-Markov structure. We then apply our results to real-world data.


Small and medium enterprises are a vital economic base for any economy as they have the ability to create employment. A family enterprise is an enterprise that is influenced by two or more family members through their participation, ownership, strategic preference or culture. Most business enterprises start as family enterprises. In the United States of America for example, seventy percent of the five hundred fortune companies are family enterprises and ninety percent of all businesses in that country are family businesses. Empirical researches reviewed show that as vital as they are, family enterprises have very low survival rate. Less than a third of family businesses survive the transition from first generation to second generation and of those that survive, half do not survive the transition from second to third generation. There are several reasons why Small and Medium Family Enterprises are an important sector in modern business. Some of the key reasons are; the encouragement of entrepreneurship; the greater likelihood that Small and Medium Enterprises will utilize labour intensive technologies and thus have an immediate impact on employment generation; they can usually be established rapidly and put into operation to produce quick returns; Small and Medium Enterprise development can encourage the process of both interand intra-regional decentralization; and, they may well become a countervailing force against the economic power of larger enterprises. This article focuses on the effect of entrepreneurial skills on the sustainability of Small and Medium Family Enterprises. The role of the principal confidant is also examined in this article. Specifically, the article aims at establishing the effect of entrepreneurial skills on the sustainability of Small and Medium Family Enterprises after the exit of the founders, among other objectives. The article reviews relevant literature on the subject of entrepreneurship and makes conclusion based on the results of the study that entrepreneurial skills have a great positive influence, on sustainability of Small and Medium Family Enterprises. The results indicate that seventy per centum (70%) of the corresponding change in sustainability of Small and Medium Family Enterprises after the exit of the founder can be explained by a unit change in entrepreneurial skills. The findings suggest that an entrepreneur/owner inculcates an entrepreneurial culture in the enterprise and that entrepreneurial skills of the entrepreneur/ managers drive the enterprise to above average performance leading to high profitability for the sustainability of the of Small and Medium Family Enterprise. The study, however, recognizes that other factors such as managerial skills, succession planning individual behaviors and human resource management skills also play a significant role in the sustainability of Small and Medium Family Enterprises after the exit of the founders.


The overall aim of the article is to present a pragmatic approach for studies of meaning-making used in the articles of this issue. The approach, which is developed within the SMEDgroup (Studies of ...


The influences of concentration of potassium permanganate standard solution,acidity of reaction solution,heating time,reaction temperature,and titration rate,on the determination of permanganate index were studied.Some points for attention,which are important to the accurate determination of permanganate index were summarized.


This is an excellent monograph covering all aspects of general pathology under five major headings ie; cellular pathology, inflammation, immunopathology, vascular disturbances and tumors. The main strength of this text lies in its wonderfully readable style. It far transcends being just a textbook presenting facts in a dry (memorizable) fashion. It adopts a lecture-style conversational approach (without becoming verbose) and adds the dimension of leading the reader to logically think as the information unfolds (questioning eg; why does it happen?, what is the significance of this phenomenon to other situations?). Further enhancing the text is the inclusion of historical and non-human research perspectives where appropriate. This makes the scientific basis of pathology seem relevant to the practicing pathologist. The text content is up-to-date and detailed (covered in 974 pages with 1170 mainly black and white illustrations), The authors are Chairman and Associate Professor respectively at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. The target audience for this book would be slightly beyond the average undergraduate, but I would strongly recommend it to BScMed students, lecturers and undergraduate teaching departments and pathology trainees, especially those preparing for the BPS exam. Indeed, practicing pathologists wishing to update their basic pathology would also find this a "good read". Its price represents excellent value for a text of this size and quality. I strongly recommend this book.


Objective Rotterdam criteria in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) diagnosing is adopted in china and the glucose metabolic abnormality is commonly found in Chinese women.Therefore,a method was designed to assess the overlap between the glucose metabolism abnormality and Rotterdam criteria in polycystic ovary syndrom diagnosis.Methods From January 2004 to December 2004,fifty-two polycystic ovary syndrome cases(the patients group) based on the Rotterdam criteria were subdivided into polycystic ovary(the group Ⅰ,n=17),hyperandrogenism(the group Ⅱ,n=14) and both(the group Ⅲ,n=22) according to their major features.All the participants had the normal DHEA-S(5 μmol/L) and did not take contraceptive pills in recent two months.Eight cases with the simple tubal infertility were admitted as the control group.The oral glucose(75 g) tolerance test(OGTT) was carried out to measure serum glucose(GLU),insulin(INS) and c-peptide(C-P) at the indicated time points at the 2 nd~5 th day of menstrual cycles.The peripheral insulin resistance(IR) and hepatic insulin clearance were evaluated by insulin to glucose ratio and c-peptide to insulin ratio respectively.Natural logarithm transformed the data to meet the Gaussian distribution.Results The patients group and control group had the comparable basal metabolism level.The patient group had hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance at the comparable level.Conclusion Glucose metabolisms are abnormal in the patient group diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria.From the angle of glucose metabolism,Rotterdam criteria can be applied to the Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrom.


In this paper, laser induction fluorescence spectroscopy is employed to investigate the thermal degradation and oxadation of two types of transformator oils. What is important in this study is the use if fluorescence spectroscopy in determining the quality and health of insulator oils. It is shown that increasing the heating duratuion leads to decrease in the fluorescence intensity and the corresponding red spectral shift.


7 Abstract. We study the complexity of representing polynomials by arithmetic circuits in both the commutative and the non-commutative settings. Our approach goes through a precise understanding of the more restricted setting where multiplication is not associative, meaning that we distinguish (xy)z from x(yz). Our first and main conceptual result is a characterization result: we show that the size of the smallest circuit computing a given nonassociative polynomial is exactly the rank of a matrix constructed from the polynomial and called the Hankel matrix. This result applies to the class of all circuits in both commutative and non-commutative settings, and can be seen as an extension of the seminal result of Nisan giving a similar characterization for non-commutative algebraic branching programs. The study of the Hankel matrix provides a unifying approach for proving lower bounds for polynomials in the (classical) associative setting. Our key technical contribution is to provide generic lower bound theorems based on analyzing and decomposing the Hankel matrix. We obtain significant improvements on lower bounds for circuits with many parse trees, in both (associative) commutative and non-commutative settings, as well as alternative proofs of recent results proving superpolynomial and exponential lower bounds for different classes of circuits as corollaries of our characterization and decomposition results.


We have studied the effect of various amphiphilic compounds on the susceptibility of partially dehydrated erythrocytes to a hypertonic stress (4.0M NaCl, 37oC). There has been found a high antihaemolytic activity of the representatives of cationic, anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic amphiphilic compounds when removing the cells out of 0.45 and 0.7 M NaCl into the medium, containing 4.0 M NaCl. The values of antihaemolytic activity depended both on the peculiarities of the compounds studied, and on the initial state of cells, subjected to a stress effect.


HE tenia echinococcus is a variety of tapeworm found in A ' the dog, and occasionally in the wolf and jackal, but very rarely in our native North American animal; in fact, only one authentic case is reported, and that by Curtice of Washington, D. C. Numerous other observers, such as Osler and Clement, Sommer, Stiles, and Hassall of the Bureau of the animal industry. have made many dissections of many different varieties of dogs, and have never once found it. It is a tiny cestode four or five millimeters in length, and consists of only three or four segments, of which the terminal one alone is mature. The head is small, and provided with four sucking disks, a rostellum, and a double row of hooklets. The ripe segment contains about 5.000 eggs. It inhabits the upper intestines, and is seen as a little, white, threadlike body, closely adherent among the villi. To the abdominal surgeon it is of especial interest, since it produces in man in its larval stage a disease which is termed hydatids, and which is developed in various organs of the body, especially the liver, where it occurred in 73.7 per cent, of the recorded cases. It also attacks the lungs, pleura, kidneys, the muscles and dermis, the brain, the female genitalia, and the bones and eyes. In this country the disease is exceedingly rare, and when found it is usually in the foreign-born individual, but in Iceland, where dogs are used freely, and are in such intimate and constant association with the human being, the disease is so common that it is referred to as the "Liver Plague," and one in every seven or ten deaths is due to it.


The use of learning resources in the teaching and learning process is very necessary for both teachers and students. Learning resources are all kinds of sources that exist outside of students whose existence facilitates the learning process. Information technology is defined as science in the field of computer-based information and its development is very rapid. In the world of education, the existence of information technology as a medium is very necessary. Teachers can use learning resources obtained from the internet in the form of ebooks, journals and others so that students' insights can be broadened. MTs Nuris Silo in the learning process, the teacher uses Information Technology-based learning resources in Social Studies Subjects for class VIII, namely the teacher uses student books in the form of ebooks, uses videos, articles from the internet, and pictures. The results of the use of technology-based learning resources can facilitate the learning process. students understand what is explained by the teacher from those who do not know to know, from those who do not understand to understand. Learning outcomes are an important aspect for educators, because by assessing student learning outcomes, educators obtain information about student learning progress. This has been proven by the results of the assignments given by the teacher.


Introduction: The impact that formed the ~2300 km diameter Hellas basin is one of the most influential events in early Mars history, defining the base of the Noachian period [1] and preserving a geological record of subsequent events throughout the entire Noachian, the transitional Hesperian, and the Amazonian (Fig. 1) [2]. Much attention is paid to the global geological history of Mars [3] with a particular focus on the northern lowlands and their margins, which virtually all geologically-driven landed missions to date have targeted. In contrast, the Hellas basin is located in the southern hemisphere and forms a huge elliptical expanse consisting of the topographically lowest region of Mars, Hellas Planitia, surrounded by the Hellas basin rim, an annulus of the topographically highest regions in the southern hemisphere outside Tharsis, making up a combined ~5.6x106 km2 (~4% of the surface of Mars) [4-5]. The combined Hellas basin and rim spans nearly half the range of martian global topography and the entire history of Mars subsequent to the Pre-Noachian. As such, Hellas provides a comparative "witness plate" to the geologic and climatic history of Mars relative to the standard history that is largely derived from outside it [1,3]. Any broad themes in the global geologic and climatic history of Mars must also be consistent and concordant with the major themes of the history of Hellas basin. Thus, the purpose of this analysis is to begin the construction of this alternate witness plate. Our first steps are: 1) to identify some of the major questions in the history of the Hellas basin; and 2) to begin the integration and analysis of some of the key geomorphic features that provide clues to the interpretation of geologic and climatic events (Fig. 2). Major features of Hellas and opportunities for further investigation: The Hellas basin is thought to have been formed by an oblique impact event [6] whose structural uplift and ejecta created topography that defined the remaining geologic history of the southern hemisphere and significantly influenced the subsequent climate history. The event itself may have removed a significant part of the primary atmosphere [7] and induced a transient period of hot torrential rains and surface alteration of potentially global scale [8]. A rich and diverse geologic record is preserved from the period subsequent to the formation of Hellas [1,4-5]. Noachian: Potential deposits from the Early-Mid Noachian Isidis and Argyre impact events, Late Noachian formation of valley networks and crater basin lakes, and possible ocean-scale standing bodies of water [e.g. 9]. The deep topography of Hellas means that the floor is always one of the warmest places on Mars, and this has been cited to favor the presence of Noachian and Hesperian oceans [e.g. 10-13]. There is significant current Fig. 1. Timing of early events in Mars geologic history, from [2].


. This study examined the determinants of eNaira adoption in Nigeria, and also analyzed the effects of eNaira adoption on economy in Nigeria. The utilized data were randomly collected from banks staff, economists, and Nigerians through Google forms questionnaires which were distributed among the respondents through WhatsApp and Emails. The respondents cut across all six (6) geopolitical zones in Nigeria which are Southwest, Southeast, Southsouth, North central, Northeast and Northwest. The Google forms were continuously distributed until it reached Two thousands five hundred and eighty three (2583) respondents. These were rigorously analyzed through MANOVA, correlation, chi-square and Cronbach's Alpha statistics reliability. Data garnered were analyzed by employing ANOVA, Chi-square, MANOVA and correlation to test the hypothesis formulated. To gauge the determinants of digital currency adoption in Nigeria, government policy, human behavior, ICT, personnel, and education were taken as independent variables while digital currency adoption was considered as dependent variable. It was found from the outcome of MANOVA that Education, Block Chain, Government policy, Human Behaviour, and Personnel are the significant determinants of eNaira adoption in Nigeria. It was also discovered that eNaira adoption has positive significant influence on Nigeria economy. Therefore, it is concluded that eNaira has positive significant effect on economy in Nigeria. It is recommended that CBDC should establish validation scheme (centralized or decentralized) to prevent double spending or identity theft of eNaira code. Also, Citizens must be enlightened to understand the difference between cash deposits' digital representation in bank accounts and eNaira in digital wallets through effective programme which should be organized by CBN to deepen the enlightenment of eNaira in the country.


Anacalypta subcaespitosa , a neglected Colombian taxon, is transferred to the genus Bryoerythrophyllum as B. subcaespitosum . The species known only from the type locality in Bogota, Colombia, is newly reported for the moss floras of Bolivia and Peru. It is described, lectotypified, illustrated and its distribution is mapped. Its distinction from and relationships with some closely related species within the genus are discussed.


The present research on dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis from CO2 was short of effective theoretical guidance and catalyst design was also blind. A kind of regular relationship was found from catalyst structure calculation and activity experiments. Therefore, a novel energy
 band matching method was proposed. After substantial verification experiments, it was proved to be correct. Whether one certain catalyst has catalytic activity can be judged predictably according to this novel method. Novel and efficient catalysts can be designed or selected on the basis of
 designer's wishes. Based on this method, three efficient catalysts were prepared and CuO–Co3O4@SiO2 catalyst had the best catalytic performance. In a word, once it is applied in catalysts research, there will be a huge progress in catalysis and materials
 science fields.


Atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) have attracted much attention in recent years because it can be driven under atmospheric pressure. We have developed an ultrafine APPJ processing technique using a nanopipette that is a tapered glass capillary with an aperture of submicometer or smaller in diameter. The nanopipette was used not only as a nozzle for localized APPJ generation but also as a probe for scanning probe microscopy. By using the technique, fine processing of a photoresist film was achieved with a submicrometer resolution. However, the processing rate was low, and applicable materials for the fabrication were limited. In this paper, to improve the etching rate and versatility of the applicable materials, we developed a fabrication method using hydroxyl radicals by adding water vapor to the plasma source gas. The fabrication properties of polymethyl methacrylate using the proposed method were investigated.


(57) Abstract: having sandwiched conductive wall between two of the fired green tape stack, a buried type binding-shape influencing for good waveguide resonator, the conductive wall is the degree of position are combined with the size having therein an aperture determined. These waveguides formed in the opening first green tape stack (12), establishes a wall (18) therein an aperture (19) on its upper surface with a conductive layer (20) on the upper surface second green tape stack (23) is mounted, it is made by baking the assembly. E-plane probe (22) is inserted into the opening (14) in the interior of the second green tape stack, are connected to a microstrip transmission line (24) on the outer surface of the green tape stack.


Aboriginal placenames represent a very ancient layer of the vocabulary, just as placenames do in European traditions: extensive work has been done on European river names which are said according to some scholars, to form the most ancient layer of the vocabulary, preceding the arrival of the Indo-Europeans (Vennemann 1994). For a traditional Aboriginal person, as for older Europeans the world map was territorially very much smaller than it is for people now in the days of the 'global village'. It was, however, infinitely more detailed and meaningful. We will look at several aspects of Aboriginal placenames in the light of this:


The invention discloses a semiconductor device parameter extracting device and method and relates to the technical field of microelectronic integrated circuits. The method includes: circuit description for compiling a circuit network list; device testing for a layout testing plan to obtain a complete data result; parameter extraction for extracting the parameter of a parasitic unit and the parameter of an intrinsic device model from the testing plan; parameter exporting for exporting the extracted semiconductor device parameters. The method has the advantages that parameter extracting flexibility and model parameter accuracy are increased, convenience is increased by combining the method with a commercial model, and the method has actual application value.


Different types of solar photocatalytic reactors exists in the literature for water treatment, Thin-film fixed-bed reactor (TFFBR) is one of them which is used in this study because of its high surface area to volume ratio for water treatment. TFFBR is an inclined plate coated with P25 TiO2 DEGUSSA over which contaminated water flows during treatment. The TFFBR also contains a pump, by which the water flow rate can be controlled. The main advantages of this TFFBR are its high efficiency, simple construction and low investment costs. Modelling of the fluid flow is important and crucial for the efficient design of the device. A computational model of fluid flow in TFFBR to treat aquaculture pond water contaminated with an aquaculture organism A. hydrophila ATCC 35654 is presented in this paper. A pilot-scale thin-film-fixed-bed solar photocatalytic reactor is used for experimental measurement of disinfection of A. hydrophila ATCC 35654 as a function of flow rates and solar intensity. Modelling and simulation is done in MATLAB software for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Computational results are discussed, compared and verified against experimentally measured results. Furthermore, a fluid flow model of microbial disinfection against the cumulative energy of each flow rate is presented, discussed and recommended. Clearly, this study attempted to develop a fluid flow model and to optimize a pilot-scale TFFBR for the effective use of solar energy to treat water contaminated with pathogenic microbes.


Albrecht Dürer played a significant role in the emergence of the Renaissance Bible, promoting a new perception of its authority at a pivotal moment in the history of Christianity: the beginning of the age of print, followed by the onset of the Protestant Reformation. For artists across Europe, the breakthrough that suddenly raised the woodcut to the status of high art was Dürer's 1498 publication of illustrated editions of the Book of Revelation, usually called the Apocalypse. During the decade 1494–1504, he developed a methodology for imitating classical art that represented the Bible as part of classical antiquity (Fall of Humanity, 1504). In these efforts, he worked to validate and advance the philological and historical methodologies of biblical humanism, the innovative academic discipline that revolutionized European Christianity and politics. The chapter analyzes Dürer's Apocalypse, his representations of St. Jerome (author of the Vulgate translation), and his classicizing adaptations of the biblical Passion.


High‐quality glass and phosphosilicate glass films have been deposited as low as 165 °C in hot and cold wall plasma‐enhanced chemical‐vapor deposition (PECVD) commercial reactors. The dependence of hydrogen incorporation, chemical stability in buffered oxide etch, and the inducement of hillock growth in underlying Al films upon the deposition conditions have been investigated. In both hot and cold wall commercial reactors a unique process has been developed at 165 °C to deposit glass films which exhibit properties not unlike PECVD glass deposited at 380 °C. Hillock growth induced in Al films during glass deposition is eliminated at 165 °C. Deposition rate, uniformity, etch rate, refractive index, particle and pinhole density, and film stress are reported.


Using self-gravitational hydrodynamical numerical simulations, we investigated the evolution of high-density turbulent molecular clouds swept by a colliding flow. The interaction of shock waves due to turbulence produces networks of thin filamentary clouds with a sub-parsec width. The colliding flow accumulates the filamentary clouds into a sheet cloud and promotes active star formation for initially high-density clouds. Clouds with a colliding flow exhibit a finer filamentary network than clouds without a colliding flow. The probability distribution functions (PDFs) for the density and column density can be fitted by lognormal functions for clouds without colliding flow. When the initial turbulence is weak, the column density PDF has a power-law wing at high column densities. The colliding flow considerably deforms the PDF, such that the PDF exhibits a double peak. The stellar mass distributions reproduced here are consistent with the classical initial mass function with a power-law index of −1.35 when the initial clouds have a high density. The distribution of stellar velocities agrees with the gas velocity distribution, which can be fitted by Gaussian functions for clouds without colliding flow. For clouds with colliding flow, the velocity dispersion of gas tends to be larger than the stellar velocity dispersion. The signatures of colliding flows and turbulence appear in channel maps reconstructed from the simulation data. Clouds without colliding flow exhibit a cloud-scale velocity shear due to the turbulence. In contrast, clouds with colliding flow show a prominent anti-correlated distribution of thin filaments between the different velocity channels, suggesting collisions between the filamentary clouds.


Although Spanish and Portuguese normative grammars mandate obligatory nominal number agreement, elision of syllable-final /s/ in both languages affects Noun Phrase (NP) agreement, since the primary morphological marker of plurality is /s/. As a consequence, nominal number agreement is variable and subject to linguistic and extra-linguistic conditioning. This variable rule has been extensively studied in both languages and comparisons of variation patterns in Brazilian Portuguese and Caribbean Spanish have been drawn by Guy (1981), Ferreira (2001) and Scherre (2001a, 2001b), whose studies reveal striking similarities and very few differences between these languages. Accordingly, the bilingual varieties of Spanish and Portuguese spoken in the northern communities of Uruguay also present occasional deletion of plural marking. Example 1 illustrates lack of plural marking in the second element of the noun phrase in Uruguayan Portuguese, and example 2 illustrates the same phenomenon in Uruguayan border Spanish.


Abstract SCI-11 The 5q- syndrome and Diamond Blackfan Anemia are related on a molecular level by ribosome dysfunction. The 5q- syndrome is a distinct subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with isolated, interstitial deletions of the long arm of Chromosome 5. Diamond Blackfan Anemia is a rare congenital disorder associated with bone marrow failure, craniofacial abnormalities, and limb bud defects. The hematologic phenotype of both diseases includes a severe refractory anemia, macrocytosis, and a deficiency of erythroid precursors. Recent evidence indicates that this erythroid defect is caused by RPS14 deletion in the 5q- syndrome, and by mutation of RPS19 or other ribosomal genes in at least 50% of patients with Diamond Blackfan Anemia. In both diseases, deletion or mutation of one allele of a ribosomal protein leads to defects in pre-rRNA processing and defective production of mature ribosomes. In murine and zebrafish models, haploinsufficiency for ribosomal genes phenocopies the erythroid failure characteristic of the human disorders. While the mechanistic consequences of ribosomal dysfunction have not been fully elucidated, the p53 pathway appears to play a central role. MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes the degradation of p53, binds to several ribosomal proteins including RPL11. Deficiency of RPS6, and perhaps other ribosomal proteins, causes an accumulation of free RPL11, that binds to MDM2, preventing MDM2 from interacting with p53, thereby leading to an accumulation of p53. Several other genes that are mutated in hematologic disorders are involved in ribosome biogenesis and function, including SBDS, mutated in Shwachman Diamond syndrome; DKC1, mutated in some cases of dyskaratosis congenita; and NPM1, mutated in acute myeloid leukemia and deleted in some cases of MDS. The manner in which each of these genes disrupt ribosome function and cause distinct clinical phenotypes is currently under investigation. Disclosures Ebert:GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding.


The conditions of formation of dense phase layer consisting mainly of arsenic and small amount of its oxide on the n-InAs surface in concentrated nitric acid are founded. With the use of thermodynamic concepts (diagram potential of InAs - pH) the possible mechanism of reactions at the interface and the formation of arsenic phase was considered. Phase and elemental composition, morphology of formed surfaces are investigated by Raman spectroscopy, solid-state voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and EDX analysis.


his study was conducted on a sample of students from Amman Arab University, and was the study sample (65) students were chosen at random from a community (150) students, the study used a tool questionnaire to measure the variables, the answer to the first question, that the Amman Arab University Students results to all aspects of intelligence scored an average level for all areas of intelligence, either the results of the second question refers to the absence of differences related to gender in most areas with the exception of a difference in the areas of intelligence and musical intelligence existential difference was in favor of females, while the school year variable there was no statistically significant in most of the differences areas except the existence of differences in self-intelligence was the difference for the benefit of students per year and the third and fourth, compared to the students of the first and second year, and the results suggest the answer to the third question that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of multiple intelligence and rates of cumulative students were positive relationship. The study recommends further research and studies on the different stages of learning.


Erbium diffusion doping of LiNbO3 (e.g. 30 nm / 1130 °C / 150 hrs) is the preferred method to fabricate an excellent laser material for integrated optics. After Er-doping single mode channel waveguides are defined by the standard indiffusion technique of Ti-stripes. By optical pumping at λ = 1480 nm a wavelenth dependent gain of up to 2 dB/cm is achieved (1530 nm < λ < 1610 nm). Different types of narrow linewidth Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR-) and Distributed FeedBack (DFB-) lasers will be presented. They are based on photorefractive gratings holographically defined in Ti/Fe- and in Ti/Fe/Er-codoped waveguide sections. Single frequency emission at several wavelengths within the Er-gain band around λ ~ 1550 nm and an output power of up to 8 mW have been achieved. The range for continuous tuning of acoustooptically tunable lasers could be extended to 47 nm (1530 nm < λ < 1577 nm). The emission linewidth has been reduced to 12 pm. Moreover, a tunable frequency shifted feedback laser with a variety of remarkable properties has been developed. As one application optical frequency domain ranging will be presented with a resolution better than 1 mm. The concept of ring lasers in Er:LiNbO3 is introduced with their potential to be used as optical gyro. First experimental results are reported; by pumping the ring of 60 mm diameter with a laser diode (λ = 1480 nm) clockwise and counter-clockwise lasing at λ = 1603 nm has been achieved with an output power up to 150 µW.


Summary

In the current paper, the social welfare maximization for alternating current–direct current (AC–DC) Deregulated Power System (DPS) based on evolutionary algorithms is introduced. The social welfare optimization based on evolutionary algorithms is very simple in comparison with numerical methods for complications of social welfare equations in the presence of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links, limitations of numerical methods in differentiable convex objective functions, and need of additional mathematical calculations and many variables especially for constraints. Furthermore, as a new merit of HVDC transmission lines besides all well-known privileges, the advantage of the HVDC transmission line presence in a power system for social welfare maximization in comparison with a pure AC power system is shown. To reach this aim, the social welfare maximization is studied in two main steps. First, it is investigated in an AC DPS for four different scenarios. Then one of the most important AC lines transmitting a huge amount of power (operating at its thermal limit) is replaced with a HVDC link with exact the same transmission capacity; and the social welfare is maximized again for four aforementioned scenarios. The optimization process in all cases is performed using Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) that is selected among five different evolutionary methods, i.e., Particle Swarm Optimization, Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, Teaching-Learning-Based, and Artificial Bee Colony besides DEA. The results show that the social welfare of the DPS in the presence of the HVDC link is enhanced remarkably during scenarios with high supply, in which congestion of AC transmission line is occurred. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The complexity of the community structure in the context of the parish Church impacts the parish life and poses a challenge for every component of the Church. In light on this, the researcher intends to find a strategy to empower parishes in order to build the future parish. In the pursuit of empowerment, leaders play a vital role. In a parish, the role of a leader is typically assumed by the parish priests. An expected leader is one who practices servant leadership. Servant leadership can influence extra-role behavior so that it can encourage people to be actively involved in building Church services. Following the establishment of a leader with servant leadership, the question that arises now is how to empower the community. First, it is essential to develop a clear vision and mission for the parish which will provide it with a sense of direction and purpose. Next, the key elements of a parish that is poised to progress and develop are the empowerment of its human resources through the cultivation of friendship, care, trustworthiness, and openness to diversity. Some of these elements are essential for empowering the people in the light of the complexity of the times that need to be addressed through people empowerment. This empowerment is a long-term strategic program to strengthen parishes.


The shadow play Hacivat and Karagoz has become an important part of the Traditional Turkish Theatre continuing for centuries. The existing shadow play which still preserves its popularity has become a significant entertainment tool for people. According to the local features of the performed characters and the content of the topic, this art type carried out by reflecting on a screen specially designed puppets from behind a lightened curtain and by playing with the voice of the performer has various music types and its instruments, especially Turkish folk music and Turkish classical music. in this study, within the play, the role of the music which is thought to form an important part of the shadow play was researched and the music and instruments used were analysed. The effect and role of the music within the play was particularly tried to be put forward.


Strong social connections permeate one's daily life. With the numerous means available, these connections can easily dominate one's communications, though one only wants to convey and have a sense of presence in each other's lives. Portal Frame fosters this feeling of connection between individuals while keeping the amount of active communication that must take place to a minimum. Individuals are provided a means to glimpse the lives of intimate friends through a well known and established physical medium, the picture frame.


This work considers a Poisson noise channel with an amplitude constraint. It is well-known that the capacity-achieving input distribution for this channel is discrete with finitely many points. We sharpen this result by introducing upper and lower bounds on the number of mass points. In particular, the upper bound of order A $\log^{2}$(A) and lower bound of order $\sqrt{\mathrm{A}}$ are established where A is the constraint on the input amplitude. In addition, along the way, we show several other properties of the capacity and capacity-achieving distribution. For example, it is shown that the capacity is equal to - log $P_{Y^{*}(0)}$ where $P_{Y^{\star}}$ is the optimal output distribution. Moreover, an upper bound on the values of the probability masses of the capacity-achieving distribution and a lower bound on the probability of the largest mass point are established.


This study was anchored in Split Brain Theory of Sperry (1974), to find the significance of the difference in the mathematics performance when grouped according to hemispheric dominance (HD) of the students of Western Visayas College of Science and Technology, Iloilo City. The participants' HD was determined by the use of researcher-made 46-item Hemispheric Brain Dominance Test, and the math performance was based on their average final grades in the Math classes. Findings reveal that the level of mathematics performance as a whole was "fair". When grouped according to HD, the right-brain dominant have "conditional" math performance, while the left-brain dominant have "fair" math performance. As to the course, the BSM and the BSEd participants have "good" math performance while, the BSEE, BSECE, and BSMEAE participants have "conditional" math performance. When grouped as to gender, the males have "conditional" math performance, while the females have "fair" math performance. As to gender, both male and female have more left-brain dominant than right-brain dominant participants. Significant differences existed in the level of mathematics performance when the participants were grouped according to HD, course, and gender. The study concluded that the left-brain dominant students performed significantly better than the right-brain dominant students. Keywords: Mathematics, hemispheric brain dominance, mathematics performance, Philippines


Performance deficits on cognitive tasks have been demonstrated consistently in depressed and anxious individuals. Processing efficiency theory asserts that these deficits might be accounted for by task-irrelevant processes, including the negative impact of rumination. This study was designed to better understand the relationship between cognitive deficits and depression by creating a ruminative state in healthy control subjects to determine if they would exhibit performance deficits similar to those observed in patients with depression. Specifically, the effect of rumination induction on select subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) was examined. Participants were college students with no current depression, anxiety, ADHD, or substance abuse disorders, who also are not currently taking psychoactive medications or receiving psychotherapy. Participants were randomized to a rumination or distraction condition and administered subtests from the WAIS-IV hypothesized to be most affected by rumination and depression. Controlling for test, math, and trait anxiety, as well as pre-experimental rumination, individuals in the rumination condition performed more poorly on one subtest within the processing speed domain, as well as on the Processing Speed Index score. These results support the processing efficiency model of cognitive deficits in depression, suggesting that rumination induction interferes in the efficient completion of mental tasks. Future research can build on these findings by studying this model in a clinical population and by continuing to improve the effectiveness of mood induction tasks for research on the effects of this widespread and significantly impairing disorder.


There is a globalization trend in teacher education, emphasizing the role of teachers to make judgments based on human rights in their teaching profession. Rather than emphasizing the epistemological dimension of acquiring knowledge about human rights through teacher education, an ontological dimension is emphasized in this paper of what it means to become a professional teacher. An ontological dimension of 'learning to become' can be captured in critical examination of a cosmopolitan awareness of teachers in relation to judgment and justice. I read the critique through studies on human rights in teacher education, which transforms notions of openness and respect in relations marked by difference.


This document provides the calculated basis for the level of radiological design review required for the replacement of the existing 241-U-107 pump pit 5.1 cm (2 inch) steel cover plate with a 7.6 cm (3 inch) carbon steel plate. The determination of the expected dose rate over the 241-U-107 pump pit after the installation of a 5.1 cm (2 in.) or alternatively 7.6 cm (3 inch) cover plate is described. The existing 61 cm (24 inch) concrete cover block must be removed to provide access for saltwell pumping. The pit opening will be covered by a 5.1 cm (2 in.) or 7.6 cm (3 inch) carbon steel plate. Also calculated is the lifecycle dose due to this facility modification including replacement of the concrete cover block with a steel plate, and operation of the Hose-in-Hose Transfer Line (HIHTL).


Iridium(III) complex [Ir(ppy)2(tmBBI-H2)](PF6) (IrBBI-H2) has been exploited as an anion receptor. In this complex, the cis-diamine function of the bibenzimidazole is coupled in such a way to the photophysics of the iridium metal core that the photophysics is influenced by hydrogen bonds in the ligand periphery. Systematic studies on the complex reveal that IrBBI-H2 is a convenient sensor for various anions under aerobic conditions and interacts with Cl–, Br–, I–, and HSO4– by forming hydrogen bonds. Whereas H2PO4– is only capable of mono-deprotonating IrBBI-H2, a stepwise process is operative when F– and OAc– are added: formation of the mono-deprotonated complex IrBBI-H with a low anion concentration, followed by the appearance of double-deprotonated complex IrBBI– in the presence of higher anion concentration. The interaction of various anions with IrBBI-H2 has been investigated by emission spectroscopy or NMR titration. According to the conditions chosen, strong binding interactions in the form of a 2:1 complex/anion ratio between the less basic anions and the complex, and a virtually stoichiometric reaction to their respective ion pairs, were observed.


Drenching or tube-feeding of neonatal calves with colostrum has been advocated as a way to minimize the risk of failure of passive transfer (fpt) of immunoglobulins. The object of this prospective controlled study was to compare the effects of drenching and traditional feeding by nipple bucket on (among other parameters) immunoglobulin G (lgG) status, weight gain, and disease incidence in neonatal calves up to the age of two weeks.


Raw and processed tomatoes are the major dietary source of lycopene in the U.S.; serum lycopene concentrations are inversely related with risk of chronic disease. In greenhouse tomato plants, we investigated the effects of different levels of potassium application on: 1) fruit concentrations of lycopene and the colorless precursors, phytoene and phytofluene; and 2) expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Plants were grown in silica sand with nutrient solution containing selected potassium concentrations from 0 to 10 meq/L. Fruit potassium concentration was linearly related to potassium application level (r = 0.81). Phytoene, phytofluene, and lycopene concentrations were highly correlated with potassium concentration in the fruit (r = 0.69, 0.68, 0.70, respectively). Lycopene concentration increased from 39.3 ± 9.09 μg/g (0 meq/L potassium) to 55.6 ± 6.71 μg/g (10 meq/L potassium) (P < 0.007). Phytoene and phytofluene concentrations increased from 3.79 ± 0.79 μg/g and 2.79 ± 0.59 μg/g, respectively, to 7.84 ± 1.86 μg/g and 5.25 ± 1.26 μg/g, respectively (P < 0.002). Expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes was analyzed by RT‐PCR and RNA dot hybridization. Preliminary results indicated an increase in potassium application from 0 meq/L to 10 meq/L resulted in up‐regulation during ripening of genes for phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and carotenoid isomerase. Future research will elucidate the relation between potassium nutrition of the tomato plant and carotenoid biosynthesis.


The primary objective of this study is to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of the Korean car manufacturers export channels to the UK market from the customers perspective and to improve the efficient and effective management of Korean car manufacturers international distribution channel. Accordingly, this study concentrates on the Korean car manufacturers export channel and performance. In this research distribution channel effectiveness is defined as the extent to which distribution channels satisfy customers and therefore efficiency can be measured by the cost of delivering that level of customer service. In order to attain the objective of this study, researcher firstly, defined efficiency and effectiveness in terms of distribution channel performance and identified relevant performance measurement criteria from the previous studies and discussions with car industry experts and executives. Secondly, identified important factors affecting distribution channel efficiency and effectiveness, and measured Korean car manufacturers export channel performance from the customers perspective through questionnaire survey. Finally, the researcher provided clear managerial guidance for more efficient and effective export channel management based on the research findings.


Abbreviations are widely used in clinical studies. Identifying their meaning is an essential step for further processing of the provided data. In this work, a novel system developed for detecting the meaning and context of the abbreviations specified in the whole corpus of clinicaltrials.gov studies is presented in detail. In the background, innovative algorithms and techniques were used for both acronym and non-acronym type abbreviation recognition purposes, while their evaluation was performed based on an abbreviations annotated corpus of clinical studies, which was purposely developed. The outcome of this work is a repository consisting of approximately 28 thousand abbreviations, while for each of them its possible senses along with their context have been recorded, so that it can be utilized for inferring the meaning of abbreviations met in existing and future documents in this domain. Further analysis of the recorded data indicated, amongst others, that there are considerable differences among abbreviations and their expansions or senses depending on the scientific domain in which they are used. Also, the abbreviations consisting of three and especially two characters are already highly ambiguous and their possible senses are going to be significantly increased in the following years.


As the complexity of integrated circuits increases, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices become critical to reliability issues. However, the physical failure analysis of ESD devices is destructive and time-consuming. In this work, by using the X-ray microscopy (XRM), we study the abnormal change in the leakage current of diode-triggered silicon-controlled rectifiers (DTSCRs) ESD structure under transmission line pulsing stressing. XRM is nondestructive physical failure analysis method by showing the in-depth morphology information of the devices. The results show that the proposed ESD devices have two parts, one is the trigger diodes part and the other is the SCR part. The SCR part was severely damaged and the contact and vias are melted under the electrical stressing, while the trigger diodes part remains intact. The failure analysis is nondestructive, multi-view, and time-saving. It is enlightening the design of novel ESD devices.


This work addresses the problem of reallocating productive resources to maximize profit. Most contributions to the topic focus on developing or improving the Cost-Volume-Profit model to obtain solutions that provide an ideal mix of products before the data is given. In particular, some algorithms are available for the problem, such as the ones proposed by Kakumanu and Shao and Feng. However, these proposals do not consider the minimum number of units to be produced, and the reallocation of productive resources for each product is a problem found in these studies. Bearing this in mind, a new algorithm based on individual financial revenue is proposed. Computational results indicate that the proposed method can be utilized as a decision support system.


Modern diagnostic X-ray computed tomography (CT) usually provides a limited number of standard X-ray tube operating voltages (kVps) that are well calibrated and optimized. In certain scenarios, however, a spectrum using a non-standard kVp may have potential of achieving improved image quality and dose efficiency. For a CT scan using a non-standard kVp, estimating an effective spectrum for calibration is a problem to be solved. An efficient but not exact method of spectrum estimation in practice is to decompose the non-standard spectrum into a linear combination of spectra generated using standard kVps, e.g. spectrum decomposition. This approach works well when the spectrum generated at a non-standard kVp is reasonably close to that generated by a standard kVp. If it is too far away, the residual error (systematic bias) could be significant enough to cause artifact/inaccuracy in CT images. To improve spectrum decomposition, we present a bias-corrected spectrum decomposition approach. A lookup table (LUT) is established in advance to store the spectrum estimation errors using a set of known spectra generated using known kVps from simulation that do not have to be well calibrated. A reasonable and key assumption here is that the spectral estimation errors in the LUT generation would be close to that of actual spectrum estimation errors. Simulations of a dual-energy CT scan at non-standard kVps demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, leading to more quantitative CT images.


The invention provides a sorting process for improving quality and reducing impurities of low-grade magnetite concentrate, aiming at solving the technical problems that magnetic separation equipment is complicated, the production cost is high and the water utilization amount is great. With the adoption of the technical scheme, the process is realized based on column type magnetic separation equipment. The process is characterized by comprising sorting of iron ore concentrate 1, efficient concentration of grade-I gangues, backwater utilization and treatment and treatment of grade-II gangues; the advanced column type magnetic separation equipment 1 is used for improving the quality and reducing the impurities of the low-grade magnetite concentrate; by adopting efficient concentration equipment to treat overflowing gangues of the column type magnetic separation equipment, the circulating utilization rate of water is improved and the concentration of the gangues is greatly improved, so that the utilization quantity of concentration magnetic separators is reduced; and a tower mill is used for carrying out open-circuit grinding and magnetic separation equipment 2 is used for finely selecting, so that the efficient recycling of valuable minerals in the overflowing gangues of the column type magnetic separation equipment 1 is realized.


This paper studies the problem of majority-rule-based collective decision-making where the agents' preferences are represented by CP-nets (Conditional Preference Networks). As there are exponentially many alternatives, it is impractical to reason about the individual full rankings over the alternative space and apply majority rule directly. Most existing works either do not consider computational requirements, or depend on a strong assumption that the agents have acyclic CP-nets that are compatible with a common order on the variables. To this end, this paper proposes an efficient SAT-based approach, called MajCP (Majority-rule-based collective decision-making with CP-nets), to compute the majority winning alternatives. Our proposed approach only requires that each agent submit a CP-net; the CP-net can be cyclic, and it does not need to be any common structures among the agents' CP-nets. The experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate that the proposed approach is computationally efficient. It offers several orders of magnitude improvement in performance over a Brute-force algorithm for large numbers of variables.


Software requirement analysis is the most important step in software life cycle. However there are two major defects of tradition-al requirement modeling methods. One is frequent requirement ambiguity and discord caused by informal requirement description. There-fore it is hard for identification and confirmation. The other is changeability. Requirement change and its chain reactions are the most in-fluential risk factor for the project quality,process and contract performance. This essay focuses on dealing with the difficulties of softwarerequirement analysis. It put forwards a set of formal requirement analysis methods on the basis of agile modeling through the combination offormal method and agile modeling theory.


The UCC-ND Employee Identification Badge contains an indium foil disc that is intended for use as a dosimetry screening device in the event of a criticality accident. While it is recognized that indium is not a precise mixed neutron-gamma dosimeter, its activation by neutrons provides adequate means for separating potentially exposed persons into three groups. These groups are: (1) personnel exposed below annual dose limits, (2) personnel exposed above annual dose limits but below 25 rem, and (3) personnel exposed above 25 rem. This screening procedure is designed to facilitate dosimeter processing in order to meet regulatory reporting requirements. A quick method of interpreting induced activity measurements is presented and discussed.


Summary In 1985, new silvicultural treatments were implemented in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forests available for wood production. As part of a scientific investigation into the ecological impacts of two of these treatments, gap cutting and shelterwood cutting, a survey was conducted 4 years after logging to examine the effects of these treatments on understorey vegetation species richness and abundance. Sampling scale was found to be an important factor affecting the results and subsequent interpretation of impacts. At the coupe scale, native plant species richness in unlogged coupe buffers was similar to that in adjacent logged patches. However, the mean number of species per 1 m2 was 20%-30% higher in the unlogged buffers than the logged patches. At all sampling scales, the abundance (number of individual plants) of native plants was 20%-35% higher in the buffers, but the abundance of introduced (weed) species was significantly higher in the logged patches. The abundance of weeds, which are mostly annual grasses and short-lived herbs, is likely to diminish with time. The time to recovery of native species abundance and the ecological significance of this is uncertain. Given the reported low seedling regeneration rate and limited dispersal capacity of many woody shrubs and perennial herbs, they are unlikely to return to pre-logging levels in the medium term. We attribute the reduction in the abundance of native plants mainly to mechanical soil disturbance, which ranged from 60% to 80% of the area of logged coupes, physical damage to the vegetation associated with logging and to intense heating of the topsoil during the post-logging silvicultural burn. Recommendations are made for reducing the negative impacts of logging operations on the understorey.


Milk purchase price is an essential indicator which characterises the situation in dairy sector. The primary objective of the present study was the creation of an experimental econometric model of milk purchase price in Estonia. The model was created using the macro-econometric model for the Estonian dairy sector, which outlines the linkage between the milk purchase price and input factors: cheese and butter prices in the European market and barley price in Estonian market. Nonlinear equations (Cobb-Douglas function) enable to analyse the formation of milk purchase price in detail. The stochastic equations are estimated by full information maximum likelihood (FIML) method. The equations were estimated using data from 1992 to 2008 inclusive. The parameters of structural equation of milk purchase price have theoretically consistent signs and are significant. Projections for the milk purchase price are run out over a five-year period. Using the isoprice curves, the impacts of an increase in the price of cheese, price of butter and price of barley to milk purchase price are evaluated. The possible substitution values between two different inputs (price of cheese, price of butter and price of barely in different combinations) are evaluated. Some results from those evaluations are then presented. Perspective implementation of milk purchase price model is discussed. The milk purchase price model for the Estonian agriculture may be used for projection and analysis purposes.


Operative Hysteroscopy: Experience in a Teaching Hospital Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the indications, success, and complications of operative hysteroscopy performed at a teaching hospital Materials and Methods: A two-year retrospective cohort study was done of women undergoing operative hysteroscopy at Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Teaching and Research Hospital from January 2010 to January 2012. Results: 120 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients undergoing operative hysteroscopy was 44.33 years. The most common indication for operative hysteroscopy was endometrial polyp. There were four procedure-related complications. Conclusion: Hysteroscopy is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure with a low rate of complications.


This acrticle assesses the innovation of 'new' environmental policy instruments (NEPIs), namely market-based instuments (eco-taxes and tradable permits), voluntary agreements and eco-labels in Germany 1 . It shows that German environmental policy initially relied mainly on traditional regulation and, to a lesser degree, voluntary agreements. Germany took the lead when it established the world's first national eco-label scheme in 1977. However, it has been much less active as regards the adoption of eco-taxes and tradable permits. Ecological tax reform was not introduced until 1999 and a government led working group on the use of tradable permits set up one year later. This article primarily assesses the factors which encouraged the widening of the national policy instrument repertoire. However, it also pays attention to constraining factors. It is argued that Germany's environmental regulatory style and the structures of the domestic environmental policy system facilitated the early uptake of certain policy instruments while constraining the adoption of others. The pressure to innovate with tradable permits is largely due to developments on the EU and international level.


By using perturbation mode,we study the free falling eastward body,and present the first approximate calculation formula of the rotation angular velocity of the earth.


We revisit the global QCD analysis of parton-to-kaon fragmentation functions at next-to-leading-order accuracy using the latest experimental information on single-inclusive kaon production in electron-positron annihilation, lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering, and proton-proton collisions. An excellent description of all data sets is achieved, and the remaining uncertainties in parton-to-kaon fragmentation functions are estimated and discussed based on the Hessian method. Extensive comparisons to the results from our previous global analysis are made.


-Time-resolved ESR signals of quasi-stable spin correlated radical pairs were observed in the laser flash photolysis of xanthone and phenol derivatives in SDS micellar solutions. It was concluded that the fast population relaxation between two eigenstates of S and T O occurs and the interaction of the spin correlated radical pair is preserved for a few las in the micellar aggregate.


An approach of fault diagnosis of bearing based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD), sample entropy and 1.5 dimension spectrum was presented. Firstly, the original vibration signal was decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using EMD. Second, the sample entropies of IMFs were calculated to select the sensitive IMF. Finally, the IMF containing fault infor- mation was analyzed with 1.5 dimension spectrum, The experimental results show the method can be used to effectively diagnose faults of rolling bearing.


This document summarizes several methodological aspects of the 2016-2017 Survey of Financial Competences, a joint initiative of the Banco de España (BdE) and the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV) aimed at measuring the financial competences of the adult population in Spain. The survey is comparable to a blue print elaborated by the International Network of Financial Education, an initiative recently implemented in a large number of countries. We use a large sample provided by the National Statistical Institute, of randomly selected individuals that is representative of the whole Spanish population and of each of its regions. In addition to financial competences, this face-to-face survey elicits basic information on demographics, household financial pressure as well as measures of individual's expectations about their retirement, labor market opportunities and the evolution of housing prices. We discuss the measures taken during the fieldwork to guarantee the quality of the responses. Namely, we discuss the monitoring of interviews via authorized recording, the phone supervision of each case once the interview is completed and, finally, the platform-based editing of each interview. Those are key inputs that determine the admission of a valid observation or the requirement to repeat (selected parts of) interviews. Finally, we use specific examples to illustrate the relationship between monitoring and interviewer behavior.


On the telecommunication markets, even if competition intensifies, it is often bounded by switching costs, which customers experience. Customers may face monetary switching costs: the most typical example is loyalty commitments. Additionally, transaction costs, such as managing the switching itself, differences in auxiliary services, access to help desk may make switching costly. Increasing switching costs is a strategic asset for operators with dominant position, thus information on them is necessary when analyzing dominance.


Our goal is to propose a description model for the lexicon. We describe a software framework for representing the lexicon and its variations called Proteus. Various examples show the different possibilities offered by this tool. We conclude with a demonstration of the use of lexical resources in complex, real examples.


Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) retains unique conserved operons termed conservons. Here, one of the conservons (cvn9), which encodes five proteins (A9‐E9), was characterized. Mutants for cvnA9 and cvnA10 conditionally overproduced actinorhodin and performed precocious aerial growth, while a cvnE9 mutant showed the parental phenotype. Transcription of bldG, adpA and bldN was upregulated in the cvnA9 mutant. A9‐D9 were detected in the insoluble fraction of cell‐free extract of S. coelicolor by Western analysis. Biochemical analyses revealed that A9 has ATP‐hydrolysing and adenine nucleotide‐binding activities; D9 has GTP‐hydrolysing and guanine nucleotide‐binding activities; and E9 shows a typical spectrum similar to cytochrome P450. The comprehensive interaction assays demonstrated the occurrence of specific interactions between A9 and B9, A9 and C9, B9 and B9, B9 and D9, and C9 and D9. A9 associated with and dissociated from B9 (and C9) when ATP and ATP‐γ‐S were supplied in the reaction respectively. Similarly, D9 associated with and dissociated from B9 (and C9) when GTP and GTP‐γ‐S were supplied respectively. A9 and B9 were also shown for the occurrence as homocomplexes. Probably, Cvn9 proteins comprise a membrane‐associated heterocomplex resembling the eukaryotic G‐protein‐coupled receptor system, which may serve as a signal transducer that connects to the bld cascade.


The present study makes an attempt to examine the awareness of neurocognition among the college teachers. In this paper, it intends to outline the linking of neurocognitive strategies to teaching of college teachers, a synthesis that is essential for effective teaching and learning. For this study, a research tool on Neurocognitive Strategy Awareness Inventory for Teachers was validated by the researchers. The tool was administered with college teachers at tertiary level to assess their awareness of neurocognition. This study was conducted with the sample of 309 college teachers in Tiruchirappalli which is one of the corporations in Tamil Nadu, India. The college teachers' awareness towards neurocognition was analyzed on the basis of the select background variables such as gender, discipline, designation, type of college and professional experience. Descriptive and Differential statistics were used for the analysis of the data. In this study, the overall result revealed that as many as 73.13 percent of college teachers were found to have average level of neurocognitive awareness. These findings suggest that additional research within the frame of neurocognition based education is essential.


Multi-core systems are the potential enablers of the overwhelming growth of mixed criticality systems. There exist challenges to the widespread usage of multi-core in mixed criticality systems due to the non-predictive resource access timings. In this work, we present a Last Level Cache (LLC) access control mechanism, MEDIATOR that guarantees high criticality job executions without deadline misses for multi-core mixed-criticality systems. In MEDIATOR, the LLC access requests of lower criticality jobs are honored, if and only if there exists adequate slack for higher criticality jobs. The legacy First-In, First-Out (FIFO) arbiter has high deadline miss probability for high criticality jobs. The MEDIATOR behaves differently from legacy arbiter only when slack of higher criticality jobs is less. It guarantees successful execution of higher criticality jobs by blocking low criticality jobs. The experimental evaluation with software simulation and hardware implementation confirms the successful completion of high criticality jobs with LLC contention by honoring low criticality jobs whenever possible. Simulation results with the help of synthetic benchmark suites show successful completion of high criticality jobs at a high workload where legacy arbiter fails. The hardware design synthesized in Cadence using Genus Synthesis Solution 17.21 shows that MEDIATOR takes negligibly small time and energy overhead to achieve the same.


It is valuable for understanding the relationships between resources flowing and envi-ronment and realizing the sustainable and supporting capacity of certain regional resources to their economic development to focus on the resources flowing and its dynamic characteristics in the social and economic system.Assuming that material input equals output,material flow analysis(MFA),which abides by the material balance principle,can be used to analyze resource flow through deforestation-production-consumption chain pertaining to forest resource.In order to have a quantitative comparison of fluxes of divergent forest products,the uniform physical units—timber volume equivalent (cubic meter)—is adopted to convert and calculate the amount of forest resource flows.Based on the statistics data of forest resource and its products including the data of their importation and exportation,this paper analyzed the flowing characteristics of the forest resource and forest products in China's economic system during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period(1996~2000).The results showed that the amount of extraction or consumption of forest resources in China in the period is as large as16962×10 4 m 3 per year,of which about 48.3%is imported from abroad.And also90.7%of native forest resources was flowed to the industry of manufactured log,saw-wood,veneer and so on,leaving only9.3%of its total for papermaking industry.So the paper pulp and the forest consumption by manufacturing paper had been chiefly depended upon importation of forest resources.Some 75%of forest resource in terminal consumption is primarily used in three categories that are architectural decoration,furniture producing and packing.Therefore,the authors suggest that China has to increase the utilization efficiency of forest resource and to increase the input of forest into the paper production for higher economic benefit for the purpose of controlling the exhaustion of forest resource and making it sustainable.The Strategies of making most of the forest resource and improving the ability to guarantee the supply security of native forest resource should be taken in China.


Abstract A new thiobenzoate compound exhibits polar phases SmCα*, ferroelectric SmC*, ferrielectric SmC* and antiferroelectric SmC*γ. From the electrooptic intensity and the permittivity measured in the frequency range 10 ÷ 106 Hz the soft mode relaxation frequency in the paraelectric SmA phase and the Goldstone mode relaxation frequency in the polar phases have been determined. In the polar phases the temperature dependences of both the spontaneous polarizarion and the tilt angle are measured under an electric field high enough to bring about the saturated ferroelectric state. The dependencies are smooth within the entire temperature range studied indicating all the studied phases are indistinguishable under high electric field.


This paper presents a tunable RF MEMS filter based on the equivalent circuit of three-pole band-pass filter. The band-pass filter was manufactured on a standard low-resistivity substrate using MetalMumps fabrication process. To realize changeable frequencies and achieve high RF performance, the band-pass filter was adopted a suspended tunable capacitor, whose bottom plate was suspended 25µm from the inner surface of the etched silicon substrate. When voltage was applied across the top plate and bottom plate of the tunable capacitor, the central frequency of the tunable filter could be tuned. The measured results show that when the central frequency was changed from 600MHz to 900MHz, the tunable filter had the insertion loss about 4dB and the return loss a little more than 20dB.


Understanding the genetic basis of HIV-1 drug resistance is essential for antiretroviral drug development. We analyzed drug resistant mutations in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase under 18 drug treatments. The analysis is challenging because there is a large number of possible mutation combinations that may jointly affect drug resistance. The mutations are also strongly correlated, imposing inference difficulties such as multi-colinearity issues. We applied a novel Bayesian algorithm to the drug resistance data. Our method efficiently identified clusters of mutations in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase that are strongly and directly associated with drug resistance. In addition to marginal associations, we detected strong interactions among mutations at distant protein locations. Most identified protein positions are crossresistant to several drugs of the same types. The effects of interactions are mostly negative, suggesting a threshold mechanism for the genetics underlying HIV drug resistance. Our method is among the first to produce detailed structures of marginal and interactive associations in HIV-1 drug resistance studies, and is generally suitable for detecting high-order interactions in large-scale datasets with complex dependencies.


Collisionless magnetic field line reconnection exhibits important similarities under widely different physical conditions, ranging from the magnetohydrodynamic regime, of interest for space and high temperature magnetically confined plasmas, to the electron-magnetohydrodynamic regime, of interest for the interaction of ultraintense, ultrashort laser pulses with a plasma. Analytical and numerical results are presented that illustrate the nonlinear evolution of the reconnection instability in a two dimensional configuration with a neutral line in fluid and in kinetic plasma regimes. The importance of plasma anisotropy is stressed for the case of laser plasma interaction.


Right © 2012 Japanese Stomatological Society.; NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Oral Science International. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Oral Science International, 8, 2(2011) NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE


The standard paradigm of individual informed consent in research ethics focuses on an individualized conception of autonomy. Yet humans are relational beings whose decisions—including whether to pa...


This paper reviews the application of new-type adsorbents which can remove fluoride,heavy metals and printing and dyeing waste,these adsorbents have the superiorities of large adsorption capacity,high efficiency,low cost,no secondary pollution and so on.Therefore they have very high applied value,this can provide more choices for the wastewater treatment in China.


The primary objective of the system is that it enables the use of reeled technology to deploy highly sophisticated intelligent completions without any requirement for externally bundled control, telemetry and power lines. The properties of the external tube and internal tube can be selected for the environment in which it will operate. I.e. it can be steel, duplex stainless, and beryllium copper, composite or even polyurethane. The sandwich layer may contain insulated copper cables for power transmission, or include fibre optics and embedded sensors for more sophisticated applications. In an ICT completion, all electrical, hydraulic and telemetry lines would be isolated from the aggressive well bore environment at all times, being immersed in dielectric oil or a similarly inert fluid. This should provide significant reliability benefits over the lifecycle of the well. Initially, the benefits of this technology will be realised through the development of intelligent pumping applications. If proven, the dual skin umbilical can be utilised to test and run such relatively simple electrically operated completions. However, in the longer term, significant benefits of this technology will gradually emerge as it brings down the capital costs of intelligent completions and and also subsea flowlines and riser systems. Financial, as a direct comparison with coiled tubing deployed ESPs it has been estimated to be 32-35% cheaper to manufacture, therefore for an existing proven system it is more cost effective and offer additional benefits. If compared with externally strapped conduits for SMART wells, cost savings in the order of 49-58% can be demonstrated.


BACKGROUND
Purified fractions from a Boswellia serrata Roxb. Ex. Colebr. (Burseraceae) extract (ETOH and DCM) contain biologically active compounds that are well known for having inflammation inhibitory properties. In this work, the purified fractions were tested in-vitro for LTC4, LTA4 and COX-2 activities using ELISA and qPCR was performed to determine gene regulation in human leukemia (HL-60) Cells. Two D-imaging tomography was performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activities of the fractions in BALB/c mouse model of lung inflammation.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of bioactive compounds of Boswellia serrata purified fractions.

METHODS
In-vitro MTT assay was performed in HL-60 cell lines for measuring the toxicity/viability of the cells. ELISA tests were performed for evaluating LTA4, LTC4 and COX-2 activities. qPCR was performed to evaluate the expression of mRNA in HL-60 cells. In-vivo experiments were performed in OVA sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice at two doses of Boswellia serrata purified fraction containing 6% Boswellic acid of 50 and 100mg/kg body weight were given orally and the standard drug dexamethasone (DXA, 4 mg/kg body weight) and reduction in lung inflammation was assessed by using an IVIS Xenogen in-vivo fluorescence imaging system.

RESULTS
A purified fraction of Boswellia serrata ETOH extracts reduced leukotriene-C4-synthase activity by 52%, leuktotriene-A4-hydrolase activity by 22% and COX-2 activity by 99% with an IC50 of 12.5µg/ml. Intragastric administration of the purified fraction of Boswellia serrata at two doses of 50mg/kg b.w. and 100mg/kg b.w., respectively along with 2-3% HPMC resulted in a ~51% (P value <0.01) reduction in OVA induced lung inflammation in BALB/c mice as observed by imaging tomography. Treatment of the OVA challenged mice with a standard drug dexamethasone (DXA) reduced inflammation by ~66% with significant value (P<0.0001).

CONCLUSION
The present study describes that Boswellia serrata ethanolic extracts purified fraction (ETOH-BS) possess significant anti-inflammatory activities in HL-60 and in BALB/c and further supports for its use as Ayurvedic medicines traditionally in the treatment of lung disorders including allergy and asthma.


On (seemingly) motionless roller bearings, minute movement through oscillation or vibration-induced elastic deformation can produce standstill marks on the runway. The subsequent overrolling of the marks in operation results in an uneven run and later in premature failure. Such minute movement can be induced by machine or aggregate oscillation but also by the dynamic effects of the road and rail transport. These marks are called false brinelling marks. Brinelling or true brinelling, is a surface damage caused by overload and plastic yield, similar to the damage caused by the Brinell hardness test. Contrary to this, false brinelling is a damage caused by fretting corrosion and other not completely understood mechanism. It causes a similar-looking damage due to completely different tribological mechanisms. This paper shows the latest results of experimental tests on a special designed test rig at the Competence Centre for Tribology of the Mannheim University of Applied Sciences. For the first time, knowledge from "fretting"-research was connected directly to the effects in a false brinelling contact. This new approach can be the basis for further computer simulations.


In the past decade there has been an increasing successfully treated such as their age, the clinical and laboratory findings, and any details in regard to the hypnotic treatment itself. In chorea gravidarum associated with pregnancy, amelioration under psychiatric treatment has been reported. In 1933 Doederlein (5) reported seven cases in which the symptoms of six disappeared completely during pregnancy under "conservative treatment" in the psychiatric clinic, while one case was fatal. This mortality rate agrees closely with the statistics presented by Willson and Preece (6) in their review of the literature. Doederlein did not specify the details of the conservative treatment. Weigner in 1937 (7) gave a very interesting account of a twenty-one-year-old woman with a severe chorea of pregnancy, where strong psychogenie elements were suspected. Counter-suggestion to the effect that termination of the pregnancy would not be possible until the chorea had stopped produced a total cessation of all symptoms in twenty-four hours. The movements gradually returned in increased measure, however, when attempts were made to adjust her to the pregnancy and it was not until after an abortion that choreiform movements again stopped. Mention might be made of similar studies, much earlier, where chorea gravidarum was cured by a sham abortion (8), by dilation of the cervix alone (9), by removal of an urethral caruncle or by incision of the hymen (10). Since there have been so few attempts at psychotherapy in chorea, the following instance which has been studied intensively from a medical and then psychiatric viewpoint is presented. It seemed of interest to record, because the chorea developed following a severe emotional trauma and because direct psychotherapy was followed by rapid disappearance of the chorea. Mary, aged 124, the oldest of four children, developed choreiform movements in the left arm in October 1941, seven months before psychotherapy was begun. Prior to their appearance, she was very nervous and bit her nails. Her mother asked her to control this and a week later she started to bring her hand to her mouth but stopped herself several times. Then her left arm began to jerk. emphasis upon the role of psychogenic factors in chorea. In 1935 Gerstley and his associates (1) in a well-controlled, intensive study of forty-five choreic children stated that psychic trauma seemed more important as an aetiological agent than infection: "Psychic trauma seemed so intimately related to the onset in twenty-two cases as to force the question of its being the activating factor." "In short, in our series psychic trauma resulting from fright or overwhelming grief stood out far more strikingly than did the history of infection" (1). The authors further indicate that no matter what the exciting cause may be, whether emotional or infectious in nature, the choreic constitution seems of paramount importance. Other recent contributions in which the psychological factors have been stressed are those of Lewis and Minski (2); and Hochheimer (3).


High levels of air pollution including ground level ozone significantly reduce humans' life expectancy and cause forest damage and decreased tree growth. The French Vosges and the German Black Forest are regions well-known for having the highest tropospheric ozone concentrations at remote forested sites in Central Europe. This box model study investigates the sensitivity of atmospheric chemistry calculations of derived ozone on differently resolved forest tree composition and volatile organic compound emissions. Representative conditions were chosen for the Upper Rhine area including the Alsatian Vosges/France and the Black Forest/Germany during summer. This study aims to answer the following question: What level of input detail for Alsace and Black Forest tree mixtures is required to accurately simulate ozone formation? While the French forest in Alsace—e.g., in the Vosges—emits isoprene to a substantially higher extent than the forest at the German site, total monoterpene emissions at the two sites are rather similar. However, the individual monoterpene structures, and therefore their reactivity, differs. This causes a higher ozone production rate for Vosges forest mixture conditions than for Black Forest tree mixtures at identical NOx levels, with the difference increasing with temperature. The difference in ozone formation is analyzed in detail and the short-comings of reduced descriptions are discussed. The outcome serves as a to-do-list to allow accurate future ozone predictions influenced by the climate adaptation of forests and the change in forest species composition.


OBJECTIVE: Examine the temporal relationship between onset of interferon beta-1a (IFN β-1a) subcutaneously (SC) 3x/week (tiw) treatment and MRI measures, and the impact of early treatment effects on long-term clinical outcomes.
 BACKGROUND: In 2-year data from the placebo-controlled PRISMS-2 study, IFN β-1a 44 or 22 µg SC tiw reduced relapses and T2 lesions and delayed progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
 DESIGN/METHODS: A subgroup from PRISMS-2 (included in this post hoc analysis; n=205) had monthly proton-density/T2 and T1 gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) scans before and during the first 9 months of treatment. This analysis investigated monthly percentages of patients free of Gd+ lesions and cumulative mean numbers of active (new or enlarging) T2, Gd+, and combined unique active (CUA; Gd+ and non-enhancing active T2) lesions/patient/scan. The predictive value of presence of Gd+ lesions at 3 months on annualized relapse rate (ARR) was assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years.
 RESULTS: Significantly larger proportions of patients receiving IFN β-1a 44 µg SC tiw were free of Gd+ lesions from Months 2-9 versus placebo (Month 2: 81.3[percnt] vs 48.4[percnt], p=0.0002; Month 9: 88.2[percnt] vs 52.3[percnt], p=0.0001). IFN β-1a SC tiw was associated with significantly fewer mean active T2 lesions/patient/scan versus placebo beginning Month 3, and with fewer mean CUA and Gd+ lesions beginning Month 2. Presence of Gd+ lesions at Month 3 predicted greater ARR at each cumulative year analyzed (Years 2, 3, and 4; p<0.02), with marginal significance at 1 year.
 CONCLUSIONS: Post hoc analyses showed early MRI responses with IFN β-1a SC within 3 months, persisting through Month 9. The early MRI response in Gd+ lesions showed a predictive effect on ARR over later years.
 Study Supported by: EMD Serono, Inc., Rockland, MA, USA (a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA. Disclosure: Dr. Li9s employer has received compensation for activities with Genzyme, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Merck-Serono, Nuron, and Perceptives. Dr. Cascione has received personal compensation for activities with Acorda, Bayer HealthCare, Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Genentech, Genzyme, Novartis, Pfizer, Inc., Roche, and Teva. Dr. Fang has received personal compensation for activities with EMD Serono as an employee. Dr. Dangond has received personal compensation for activities with EMD Serono, Inc. an employee. Dr. Traboulsee has received personal compensation for activities with Roche Diagnostics Corporation, EMD Serono, Teva Neuroscience, and Biogen Idec, Novartis, and Genzyme Corporation. Dr. Zhao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cheng has nothing to disclose. Grant/research support from Acorda, Biogen Idec, Genentech, Genzyme/Sanofi-Aventis, Questcor, and Roche.


Administration of Anaesthesia is important for both surgery and intensive care. The intravenous anaesthetics are widely used to provide rapid onset, stable maintenance, and rapid recovery compared with inhaled anaesthetics. The aim of the project is to investigate a reliable and safe methodology for delivering total intravenous anaesthesia using closed loop control technology and bispectral analysis of human electroencephalogram (EEG) waveform .In this work a Bispectral Index (BIS), derived from power spectral and bispectral analysis on EEG waveform, is used to measure the depth of anaesthesia.. In comparison with conventional method, drug effect is measured during drug infusion in closed loop anaesthesia. This may provide superior safety, better patient care, better quality of anaesthesia. Main advantage of this method is to make recurrent and minor alterations to anaesthetic drug. A model based controller is used to control the drug infusion rate .The performance of the model based controller is compared with the PID controller. The results show that the model based controller gives better performance than others controllers and it reduces rise time , settling time and peak time. Depth of anesthesia monitoring is an important part of patient care. Anesthesia is used in many areas such as dental surgery, surgical operation with incision, and intensive care. One of the aims of anesthesia is to allow the patients to feel no pain and get into an unconscious state without memory in surgical operations.However, it is harmful or even dangerous to patients if an excessive amount of drug is given. In order to control intravenous drug delivery, the depth of anesthesia needs to be assessed. One critical problem often faced by anesthetists in clinical practice is how to assess accurately the depth of anesthesia in patients during A. Clinical Signs Clinical signs of anesthetic depth include blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), HR variability, surgery, and another is how much drug should be infused to achieve the desired depth of anesthesia. It is desirable that the depth of anesthesia could be assessed together with drug administration automatically and interactively with little human intervention as can be seen in many industrial processes.At present, many anesthetists are still delivering anesthetic drugs manually using clinical signs (such as sweating, pupil size, etc.) to assess depth of anesthesia. II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The defmition of depth of anesthesia (DOA) is extremely varied, ranging from scientific discussions of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for inhalational anesthetics or …


Objective:To develop an RP-HPLC method for the determination of diosgenin in Dioscorea nipponica Makino.Method:An Alhima C_(18)column(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)was used with the mobile phase of methanol- water(84:16)at 25℃, flow rate being 1.0 mL·min~(-1),detecting wavelength being203nm.Results:The calibra- tion curve was linear in the range of 1.28-13. 10μg of diosgenin with correlation coefficient of 0. 9995 and the re- gression equation as Y=1. 550×10~4X+396.7.Diosgenin was steady in methanol within 5 days and the instru- ment precision RSD was 1.6%while the method precision RSD was 0. 94%.The average recovery was 97.7%, RSD=0. 60%(n=6).Conclusion:The method is quick,accurate,sensitive,and simple with good repetition.


The performance of integral diodes of DI LDMOSFETs and collector shorted (CS)-LIGBTs is compared to the LPiN diode. The integral diodes of the LDMOSFETs and CS-LIGBTs were found to have on state voltage drops comparable to the LPiN diode because of their lower operating current densities. Simulations indicated reduced stored charge for the integral diodes compared to the LPiN diode. Measurements showed superior reverse recovery characteristics for the integral diodes compared to the LPiN diode. However, parasitic bipolar turnon was observed in the integral diodes when operated at large current densities. Considerable improvement in the reverse recovery characteristics was observed for all the three cases with reduction in drift region thickness, at the expense of an increase in the forward voltage drop. The results of this study allow the conclusion that the integral diodes provide superior performance when compared with a separate LPiN diode, allowing substantial savings in chip area.