Water deficit is a serious crisis in the world and this crisis more felt in hot-dry regions like Iran. Khuzestan province is one of the hottest with lowest rainfall regions in Iran. On the other hand, in this country, about 90 percent of fresh water is used in agriculture. So it's too necessary to be efficient in this section. One of the effective ways in this regard is the use of crop simulation models. This research was conducted in the province Khuzestan and Shush city. AquaCrop model was used in this research. Use plan, plot and sub-plot to the main treatment of Urea fertilizer and irrigation was performed with 4 replicates for each treatment. selected treatments was full irrigation, deficit irrigation at 20 and 50 percent (E0, E1,E2) and full fertilizer, 20 and 50 percent of tension fertilizer stress (N0, N1, N2) were considered. The water requirement was determined using Cropwat software and the amount of Urea fertilizer determined according to consumer tradition the region. Corn planting was carried out on July 21, 2014 and Furrow irrigation was used for cultivation. A total of 9 irrigation was applied. Urea fertilizer plant consumption was three times. Harvesting was done on October 31, 2014 and the amount of yield and yield components were measured. The results showed that irrigation has been effective on yield component values, but fertilizer had no significant effect. Average full treatment yield was 14.811 ton per ha. Water and fertilizer stress was effective on crop yield and reduced to 8.5 ton per ha. The control treatments were used for calibration and the others were used for validation. In the calibration phase, the values of RMSE and d were 0.14 and 0.7 respectively. It showed that the observed values and simulated have little difference. In the validation phase, the values of RMSE were 0.32 to 6.7, the values of d were 0.77 to 0.87, and the values of AE were 0.27 to 6.7 respectively. In general. It was observed that the ability of model to simulate is more on low stresses. For the treatment N2, the simulation of model was not acceptable and was associated with high error. The value of regression correlation in low stresses was 0.89 and high accuracy in simulating the crop yield in mild stresses approved.


In this paper, we demonstrate a numerical as well as an experimental proof of concept for digital wireless communication in damaged plate-like structures using ultrasonic guided waves. The feasibility of a simple on-off keying modulation scheme is shown which does not require advanced signal processing even though multiple wave modes are present. First, a simulation study aims at investigating multibit communication over an isotropic aluminum plate in the presence of a notch-type defect. Furthermore, we conduct an experimental study in which we observe communication for severe cut-like damages. The presented data communication scheme might be utilized in future structural health monitoring systems which may provide at the same time both data communication as well as the detection of defects.


Objective: The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) decreased dramatically after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This study determined the ongoing incidence of and mortality from KS in HIV-infected adults from 1998–2012 in Fresno County, California. The role of virologic control and immune reconstitution was assessed. Methods: Incident cases were identified from the state Electronic HIV/AIDS Reporting System (EHARS), the California Cancer Registry, and hospital records of the county HIV treatment center. Results: From 1998–2012, the average incidence of KS was 0.51 cases per 100,000 person-years. Of the 66 cases of KS there were 20 deaths, with 85% of the mortality occurring in the first 12 months. Among patients on HAART achieving HIV RNA <400 copies/uL, but with a <50 cell/uL increase in CD4 count there was no improvement in mortality. Conclusions: The incidence of KS remains stable since 1998 with a 12-month mortality of 30%.


High-density capacitively coupled plasma with electron density of 1011cm−3 was produced with the effects of the multihollow cathode discharge and the high-secondary-electron emission from radio frequency (rf)-biased electrode using Ar gas. It was found that the optimum pressure was around 3–15Pa. In the case of only multihollow cathode discharge, the plasma density increased from 1.2×1010to8×1010cm−3 with the increasing distance z from the cathode electrode for 5mm<z<15mm. Moreover, plasma density increased with increasing voltage of rf-biased electrode. The rate of deposited amorphous hydrocarbon thin films of about 200nm∕min was attained with the high-density rf plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH4 gas.


ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to find out whether or not students' speed reading and comprehension be boosted by implementing rate-buildup reading, skimming, and scanning strategies taught using hybrid learning method; that is the combination of electronic learning (e-learning) with face to face method.
The population of this research was the third semester students of English Department, Tarbiyah Faculty, UIN Alauddin Makassar. The sample of this research consisted of 30 students where 15 of them were involved in experimental group and 15 others were involved in control group. This research employed quasi experimental design. In conducting this research, students involved in experimental group were given treatment by using hybrid learning method. The researcher created a website named www.muhaiminabdullah.com and filled it with passages and comprehension questions for students involved in the experimental group. Rate-buildup reading, skimming, and scanning strategies were explained in face to face method. For students involved in control group, they were given printed passages and comprehension questions. Rate-buildup reading, skimming, and scanning were given in face to face method.
The data were analyzed by using SPSS ver. 18.0. Based on data analysis, both students involved in experimental group and control group showed improvement toward their speed reading and comprehension. Students involved in experimental group improved their speed reading and comprehension significantly than the students involved in control group.


A program to determine the method of gamma penetration through heterogeneous shields and the penetration of photons from oblique plane sources is discussed briefly. Sources of radiation are considered and work on source holders is summarized (W.D.M.)


Spinel LiMn2O4 was prepared by using ultrasonic oscillation combined with liquid reduced method.XRD,SEM analyses and electrochemical performance test were taken to the products.The precursor obtained by ultrasonic oscillation had the transition structure closer to spinel,the prepared LiMn2O4 particle was more denser and regular.When cycled in 3.5~4.5 V,the 0.1 C initial specific discharge capacity was 126 mAh/g,the specific discharge capacity at the 50th cycle was 122 mAh/g.


LBL-7082 THEORETICAL TEMPERATURE FIELDS FOR THE STRIPA HEATER PROJECT VOL. 1 Tin Chan, N e v i l l e G.W. Cook, and Chin-Fu Tsanfc Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a Berkeley, C a l i f o r n i a 94720 This report was prepared by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under the U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a c o n t r a c t W-7405-ENG-48 with the Department of Energy. The contract i s administered by the Office of Nuclear Waste I s o l a t i o n at B a t t e l l e Memorial I n s t i t u t e . September 1978 HOTICE Tnl» upon wu pupued H U ta rouel of work tponiond by the United Sum GtntmnmL NtUhti thi United Sum not the Uahcd Sliln Daputnrni of Eneify, nor My or their cmployeei, •ounyofiheif contneton, Mibnntncton. m tbak employee!, Mkee eny wimnty, (ipttn or linpUM, ot MwmMinybgd liibilhy ot nmoaribUty for Hw iccuae ',coimhUfHM a uMfditM of u ytafomstion,tpptntu, product ot piocni dbcioKd, or npreetntt *ui lu ua would rat irftbfe prtnitly owaed rijhB.


The sensor is responsible for monitoring the running state of gas turbine in gas turbine control system, so it is of great significance to carry out fault diagnosis of the sensor in gas turbine control system. This paper presents a sensor fault diagnosis method for gas turbine control system based on data-driven. The method first simulates several common faults of the sensor, and uses wavelet packet transform (WPT) to extract fault features, and then use moth-flame optimization (MFO) algorithm to optimize the initial weights and biases of BP neural network (BPNN), establishes the MFO-BPNN fault diagnosis model, and finally inputs the fault characteristics into the diagnosis model to realize the fault diagnosis of the gas turbine control system.


Abstract This paper reports findings from an ethnographic study of the adjustment experience of a group of postgraduate international students at a university in the south of England. Friendship emerged as a major category of research, an aspect of which was the formation of a divide between Asian and European students. The division between the two camps was universally observed, and it was attributed by Asian students to a desire for a more friendly and supportive environment than they felt European students were offering. More research is needed on the European perspective on the communication breakdown between the two cultures, so that institutions can work on realizing the benefits that the international campus is purported to offer.


Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women in the world. The early diagnosis of the anomaly is a priority for more effective and less costly treatment. Mammography is the most used medical exam in diagnosing breast cancer, and the number of images generated grows exponentially. Accurately interpreting and diagnosing mammography images requires that the specialist has extensive experience to perform this task. The manual image classification and the retrieval of similar cases is an expensive and time-consuming process. The historical data in these exams are an excellent source of knowledge and should be considered when analyzing new cases. Thereby, this research aims to improve the classification and semantic annotation of medical images. We propose a method to extract the low-level image features, metadata information, and medical reports and combine them with the high-level information present in a domain ontology. Also, providing an appropriate semantic structure for integrating information enables the classification and semantic image annotation through a reasoner. Thus, this work seeks to facilitate radiologists' and physicians' daily lives involved in breast cancer diagnosis, collaborating with a second opinion for the medical diagnosis. The experiments have shown that the proposed method is feasible and can generate promising results, achieving a 71% sensitivity rate in identifying circumscribed findings. Moreover, it favors classification and diagnosis as it allows semantically annotating images with concepts of multiple abstraction levels. Therefore, semantic annotation reduces the semantic gap and can help to improve CAD and CBIR systems. The semantic annotation also collaborates with medical education to support the teaching and training of reading medical images and medical diagnosis, supporting decision making by providing a second opinion.


The RV-‐DC is designed to be the capstone of the ongoing Source Physics Experiments. This report describes the motivation behind the RV-‐DC and the tremendous potential scientific payoff for both nuclear explosion monitoring and earthquake source physics expected from the RV-‐DC experiment. The report describes the issues, work to date and plans for FY13 in the areas of defining the shot location, depth and size, as well as addressing potential concerns about induced seismicity. We believe the RV-‐DC is feasible. There do not appear to be any significant technical or scientific issues that would prevent the RV-‐DC from being carried out in the approximately FY14-‐16 timeframe. This timeframe allows sufficient time for work to continue in FY13 to better define the experimental plan. It is our recommendation, based on the work to date and the potential payoff of the RV-‐DC experiment, that the currently defined work for FY13 to better define the experimental plan, proceed.


which we judge these defendants is the record on which history will judge us tomorrow. To pass these defendants a poisoned chalice is to put it to our lips as well. We must summon such detachment and intellectual integrity to our task that this trial will commend itself to posterity as fulfilling humanity's aspirations to do justice." -Justice Robert Jackson's opening statement to the Nuremberg Tribunal, November 20, 1945


Magneto‐optical imaging with magneto‐optical indicator films (MOIF) is a versatile method to characterize magnetic field distributions especially for material development and quality control. Magnetic domains and grains in grain‐oriented electrical steel can be visualized, and quantified without removing the isolation layer. The combination of MOIF with digital high‐speed camera technology enables temporally resolved investigations of the magnetization processes. In contrast to Kerr‐effect measurements MOIF imaging works without sample preparation and even in the presence of industrial insulation coatings. Optical resolution of 25 microns and temporal resolution of 1 ms in single‐shot mode could be demonstrated.


S and 20 minutes after the first delivery. Version and extraction would therefore seem safer than difficult forceps, provided that the manoeuvre is carried out within these time limits. Donald (1961, personal communication) suggests that the application of the ventouse might prove the best solution of all for such cases. The importance of having an anaesthetist and an obstetrician present at every twin delivery is obvious.


The effects of water temperature on the timing of spawning of perch Perca fluviatilis in Lake Geneva were assessed in a 20 year survey (1984–2003). Spawning started at the end of April or at the beginning of May, when the water temperature rose to >10° C, but most of the spawns were laid when water temperature exceeded 12° C. This led to a positive correlation between the date of the mid-spawning period and the date when the water temperature rose to >12° C. Large perch had a tendency to spawn later than the small ones, which led to a positive correlation between the date of mid-spawning period and the yearly mean width of perch egg-ribbons. The coefficient of multiple determination between the date of mid-spawning period and the mean width of the ribbon of spawn, combined with the date when the water temperature rose to >12° C was r2= 0·77. The perch generally chose deeper spawning places (12 m) at the end of the spawning period than at the beginning (4 m), which was related to water temperature.


In this paper, an optimal decentralized controller is designed for the load frequency control of a microgrid with multiple synchronous generation systems and renewable energy sources in the islanded mode of operation. The decentralized controller includes multiple proportional-integral (PI) controllers designed and optimized simultaneously by using a classical descent-direction Quasi-Newton based optimization technique. The optimal decentralized PI controller accounts for the dynamic coupling among the areas of the microgrid without any communication links required among the PI controllers, and hence improves the frequency control performance as compared to a set of optimal linear-quadratic Gaussian (LQG) integral controllers of eighth order which are designed independently. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized control approach.


All over the world 20% of men are expected to develop prostate cancer sometime in his life. In addition to surgery - being the traditional treatment for cancer - the radiation treatment is getting more popular. The most interesting radiation treatment regarding prostate cancer is Brachytherapy radiation procedure. For the safe delivery of that therapy imaging is critically important. In several cases where a CT device is available a combination of the information provided by CT and 3D Ultrasound (U/S) images offers advantages in recognizing the borders of the lesion and delineating the region of treatment. For these applications the CT and U/S scans should be registered and fused in a multi-modal dataset. Purpose of the present development is a registration tool (registration, fusion and validation) for available CT volumes with 3D U/S images of the same anatomical region, i.e. the prostate. The combination of these two imaging modalities interlinks the advantages of the high-resolution CT imaging and low cost real-time U/S imaging and offers a multi-modality imaging environment for further target and anatomy delineation. This tool has been integrated into the visualization software "InViVo" which has been developed over several years in Fraunhofer IGD in Darmstadt.


In recent years, several attempts have been made in expanding the scope of adaptive control as well as in relaxing the assumptions under which stability and robustness of adaptive controllers can be achieved. Despite this, the underlying adaptive controller is complex, has an order twice as large as that of the plant being controlled, and requires several adjustable parameters, making its implementation impractical, or even infeasible. In this paper, we suggest a new controller, whih has a simple structure, can stabilize a class of linear time-invariant plants with unknown order, and possesses desirable robustness properties. The controller proposed is found to be attractive in practical applications such as flexible structures.


Submitted for the MAR12 Meeting of The American Physical Society On-chip Magnetic Separation and Cell Encapsulation in Droplets A. CHEN, T. BYVANK, A. BHARDE, B.L. MILLER, J.J. CHALMERS, R. SOORYAKUMAR, The Ohio State University, W.-J. CHANG, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, R. BASHIR, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign — The demand for high-throughput single cell assays is gaining importance because of the heterogeneity of many cell suspensions, even after significant initial sorting. These suspensions may display cell-to-cell variability at the gene expression level that could impact single cell functional genomics, cancer, stem-cell research and drug screening. The on-chip monitoring of individual cells in an isolated environment could prevent cross-contamination, provide high recovery yield and ability to study biological traits at a single cell level These advantages of on-chip biological experiments contrast to conventional methods, which require bulk samples that provide only averaged information on cell metabolism. We report on a device that integrates microfluidic technology with a magnetic tweezers array to combine the functionality of separation and encapsulation of objects such as immunomagnetically labeled cells or magnetic beads into pico-liter droplets on the same chip. The ability to control the separation throughput that is independent of the hydrodynamic droplet generation rate allows the encapsulation efficiency to be optimized. The device can potentially be integrated with on-chip labeling and/or bio-detection to become a powerful single-cell analysis device.


To determine the best leaf position for nitrogen diagnosis in rapeseed with SPAD meter,field experiments were carried out to study the effect of nitrogen levels on spatial distribution of SPAD value of rapeseed leaves on main stem,and the correlations were analysed between SPAD values and chlorophyll concentration,leaf nitrogen,plant nitrogen and yield respectively. Results indicated remarkable spatial- temporal differences of SPAD values among the first four fully expanded leaves from the top of the main stem. At high nitrogen rates,the SPAD values increased and the spatial- temporal differences decreased. During the six- leaf stage and bolting stage,the fourth leaf from the top( TL4) had the highest N- sensitivity. On the contrary,during the early and full flowering stages,TL1 was the most sensitive. Simultaneously,the SPAD values at different leaf position increased with increasing N supply,and the order of those values from high to low were the top position,the central position and the base position on the TL4. The sensitivity of the central part on the fourth leaf to N was the highest at six- leaf stage and early flowering stage. During the bolting stage,the base position was more sensitive and the roof responded slowly. So the optimal location for N nutritional diagnosis was the central position of the fourth fully expanded leaf from the top of the main stem. There were significant relationships between SPAD values and chlorophyll concentration,leaf nitrogen,plant nitrogen and yield,thus SPAD values was suitable for rapid diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition.


Background: Our previous studies revealed that Nogo-A gene ablation improved visual function recovery after retinal injury. Moreover, Nogo-A expression is highly expressed in the healthy retina. Its physiological role in retinal function is not known. The purpose of this current study was to determine the effects of acute Nogo-A silencing on retinal neuron structure and function in physiological conditions. Methods: Nogo-A silencing was done by intravitreal injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 2.2 containing a short hairpin RNA sequence (AAV2.2 shRNA-Nogo-A) and a GFP reporter gene in adult C57BL/6J mice. As control, an empty AAV2.2 vector was used. Infection of retinal cells was followed by fluorescent fundoscopy. Changes in Nogo-A expression were analysed by Western blotting in whole retinal lysates. Electroretinography was used to monitor retinal activity. The assessment of optokinetic reflex (OKR) allowed to follow visual acuity in unrestrained mice. Immunofluorescence on histological sections using the following cell markers, i.e., RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox-2) allowed to visualize retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and Müller glia respectively. Results: GFP fluorescence revealed efficient AAV2.2 transfection in the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer 30 days after viral injection. By Western blotting, Nogo-A expression was decreased by ~75% in AAV2.2shRNA-Nogo-A-treated retinae (n=3) as compared to the control mice (n=3). Strikingly, AAV2.2-shRNA-NogoA-injected animals (n=10) had a visual acuity reduction of 43.7% as compared to control (n=7), 60 days after transfection. Electroretinography (ERG) b-wave and a-wave amplitudes were also decreased by ~35% and 24.4% respectively relative to controls. After two months of transfection, RBPMS-positive RGCs were reduced by ~30% in AAV2.2-shRNA-Nogo-A (n=4) compared to noninjected contralateral eyes (n=4). The number of Sox2expressing Müller cells was not affected after Nogo-A knockdown. Conclusions: Nogo-A gene silencing in the retina has deleterious effects on the mouse retinal structure and function, suggesting an important role for Nogo-A in retinal physiology.


Maize is an important cereal crop lies at third after wheat and rice in Pakistan. It is very sensitive to salt, heat, drought, cold and heavy metal stresses. To evaluate the effects of salt (NaCl) on maize plant we have conducted a research experiment in the Green House of Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore. We select hybrid P1429, P5971 and P6103 of Maize to access the effect of different concentrations of NaCl stress included control, 0.25Molar NaCl, 0.5Molar NaCl, 0.75Molar NaCl, and 1Molar NaCl applications. The pots were filled with pure sand and seeds of each hybrid were sown in each pot and were let to germinate. After 7 days of germination the data was collected for leaf length, root length, shoot length and root/shoot length ratio. The pots were then given the treatment and data of above mentioned traits was recorded, the application of treatments and data recording were repeated 4 times. The data recorded (4 times each after one week) was subjected to pooled analysis of variance to find significant differences among hybrids and treatments. The result of our study showed that there were significant correlation among root length, shoot length and leaf length of seedlings, from average performance of hybrid P6103 was better as compared with other two hybrids under higher salt stress conditions. It was suggested from our study that the hybrid P6103 may be used as salt tolerance hybrids for improving grain and fodder yield of maize under salt stress condition.


Independent analyses by the present author on Fukushima accident are introduced. The analyses have been performed of the core melt behavior of the Unit 1, Unit 2 and Unit 3 reactors of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station on March 11 th -15 th , 2011. The analyses are based on a phenomenological methodology with measured data investigation and a simple physical model calculation. Estimated are time variation of core water level, core material temperature and hydrogen generation rate. The analyses have revealed characteristics of accident process of each reactor. In the case of Unit 2 reactor, the calculated result suggests little hydrogen generation because of no steam generation in the core for zirconium-steam reaction during fuel damage process. It could be the reason of no hydrogen explosion in the Unit 2 reactor building. Analyses have been performed also on the core material behavior in another chaotic period of March 19 th -31 th , 2011, and it resulted in a re-melt hypothesis that core material in each reactor should have melted again due to shortage of cooling water. The hypothesis is consistent with many observed features of radioactive materials dispersion into the environment. The analyses show validity and importance of independent analyses based on simple physical model calculation. Keyword: Fukushima Daiichi accident; core melt; re-melt; simple physical model


Abstract Introduction Racial and gender disparities have been longstanding in the fields of medicine and surgery. In the literature, underrepresentation has been highlighted in plastic surgery and general surgery programs, however few studies examine this within burn surgery. Two studies describe the gender and racial disparities that exist in burn surgery leadership. This study seeks to compare and highlight the representation of minority and female surgeons in burn surgery training at a major metropolitan burn center to other surgical programs. Methods Applicant data were reviewed for acceptance to the clinical burn surgery fellowship program from 2008 to 2022. Self-identification was used to categorize gender as male or female and race as Asian, African American, White, and other. The gender and race of each applicant was recorded. The data was analyzed and compared to data trends in female and minority representation among physicians in other training programs. Demographic data were also obtained from newly hired staff of the same metropolitan burn center. Results From 2008-2022, there have been 30 physicians enrolled in this institution's burn surgery fellowship program. Fourteen (46.7%) were female. Twelve (40%) were White, ten (33.3%) were African American, six (20%) were Asian, and two (6.7%) were of unknown racial background. From 2018-2022, there have been 277 newly hired staff members for the burn center. There were 238 females (85.9%). There were 142 (51.2%) who were White, 82 (29.6%) who were African American, 30 (10.8%) who were Asian, and 23 (8.3%) who were Hispanic or Latino. Conclusions In 2022, the US graduating medical class was 52% female – a proportion that has slightly increased over the last four years. Furthermore, the US graduating medical school class was 58.8% White, 25.5% Asian, 10.6% Hispanic or Latino, 8.3% Black; these proportions of minority groups have also demonstrated a slow, but steady, increase over the last four years. Previous studies have demonstrated a lack of diversity among burn surgery leadership, but do not address diversity among burn surgery fellows or among newly recruited medical staff within burn centers. This institution's burn surgical program has aimed to maintain a diverse minority representation to serve a community that is also diverse in race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Applicability of Research to Practice Increasing gender and racial representation in burn surgery programs is beneficial for supporting the burn patient population, which is frequently diverse in race, gender, and socioeconomic status.


As the size of the agricultural enterprise grew and as new sparsely settled areas were opened for cultivation the seasonal labor need could no longer be met locally in many parts of the US. California Texas Florida and North Carolina lead at the present time in the number of seasonal farmworkers required for from 6 weeks to 6 months. The US Public Health Service Office of Migrant Health estimates the number of farmworkers and dependents to be 3.5 million. Todays farmworkers are predominantly Hispanic US citizens as well as newcomers from Mexico and from Central and South America. Many travel as single men but about 1/3 of the migrant population are women and children. Seasonal farm labor is characterized by a lack of organization and the lack of many of the legal protections other workers take for granted. In relation to health status and access to health services the seasonal farmworkers personal handicaps of minority group status cultural difference poverty and lack of education are amplified by poor living and working conditions. In the 1950s and 1960s a Fresno County California health project attracted nationwide attention as it began providing seasonal farmworkers families access to health services along the lines once followed by the Agricultural Workers Health Association. The Migrant Health Act became law in 1962 authorizing the Public Health Service to make special project grants to either public or voluntary organizations to pay part of the cost of establishing and operating family health service clinics to serve migratory farmworkers and their families. Now as in 1962 when the Migrant Health Act was 1st passed there is a need for special arrangements for health care for migrant people and other seasonal farmworkers living and working under similar conditions.


Vehicular communication system is highly dynamic system. The scheduling algorithm plays an important role in providing the maximum service to the vehicular users. Various types of services may be provided to the vehicle on request like audio/ video entertainment, map information (Hotels, shops etc.), routing information and emergency information like Hospital, Police and Traffic congestion etc. Due to limited number of channels and limited time for data transmission, service priority is required for transmission. Further the service time optimization is required depending upon the maximum possible speed of a vehicle. In this paper, an opportunistic scheduling algorithm with service priority and holding users are proposed. The concept of holding users enhances the service fairness and maximum services provided by hotspot. The simulation results show the clear advantage of proposed opportunistic scheduling algorithm over existing priority based NDS algorithm.


When considering the effects of noise on hearing in marine mammals, standard audiometric data are commonly applied to predict how a noise source will influence an individual or species. With regard to auditory masking, critical ratio measurements and average noise spectral density levels can be used to obtain masked threshold predictions. However, the extent to which this method is appropriate varies based on the features of the noise source in question. Temporally varying noise, such as that generated by seismic surveys, presents a significant challenge. To address this, we trained captive spotted and ringed seals to detect 100 Hz narrowband signals embedded within a background of seismic noise recorded from an operational air gun array. The masking data demonstrated that conventional masked threshold predictions were least accurate when the noise exhibited the greatest amplitude fluctuation in time. This study addresses the important issue of masking outside of the laboratory, and provides much needed i...


In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, clinical registries and innovative virtual care delivery tools should be leveraged to engage populations in effective chronic disease management.


Mountain pine beetle populations increased in 1979 in the Thompson River drainage to levels predicted following the 1978 attack period. New attacks in 1979 averaged 27 per acre. Current estimates indicate another 25 percent of the remaining lodgepole pine could be killed in 1980.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents of the plant Delphinium taiantishanense W. J. Zhang et G. H. Chen. METHODS Chromatography on silica gel was used to extract and to isolate the alkaloids. RESULTS Seven C 19- diterpenoid alkaloids have been isolated. CONCLUSION These compounds were confirmed as 6- acetyldelpheline,deltaline,anthranoyllycoctonine, lycoctonine,delsemine A,delsemine B and methyllycaconitine by spectral data.


With the wide spread of computers, our daily lives are highly computerised and closely connected with computer networks. In the near future, one will be able to open a door by simply sending an order to the electric door lock from his/her PDA, or read news on a computer embedded "e-paper" with the content updated through wireless connections. The trend towards a computerised smart space is part of the conception of ubiquitous computing (Weiser 1991). In the era of ubiquitous computing, devices with computing and communicating abilities will surround us all over. Eventually it will achieve the non-intrusive availability of computers throughout physical environments. AbsTRACT


This paper develops a compact bandpass filter consisting of a new three-mode H-shaped resonator. Even- and odd-mode resonance conditions of the resonator are first derived analytically, and the behavior of the resonant modes is investigated for a circuit modeling of the filter. Using such a multi-resonance characteristic enables one to express the filter circuit with a multi-path network formed by resonance paths and a direct source/load coupling path, thereby producing multiple transmission zeros. The developed filter shows a three-pole passband response with low insertion loss less than 1 dB and a sharp passband skirt because of four transmission zeros, as well as a relatively wide stopband property in both simulation and measurement results.


The growing interest in preventive measures against arboviruses, motivated by the possible serious consequences of many of them, from conception to adolescence, has made it mandatory for pediatricians to have minimal knowledge about the use and toxicity of skin repellents. Through a search on the MEDLINE-Bireme platform, of the most relevant articles in the last 22 years (1998-2020) in relation to clinical use, side and toxicological effects of skin repellents, 65 articles were selected, of which 11 served as the basis for this article. This study aims to analyze, in a practical way, the main compounds present in several insect repellents in the Brazilian market, their toxicological aspects and guidelines regarding the appropriate use in the pediatric population. It concludes that it is important to use them correctly, avoiding excessive exposure and accidental ingestion. The use of combined methods, in many cases, can offer greater protection with less toxicological risk.


The FeCrAlTi oxidation-resisting coatings have been obtained by using the vapor transferring coating method. The coating is soft and can be attached tightly on complex surface.


The welfare effects of Brexit on the UK, the EU27 and the rest of the world are analysed in a model of international trade under oligopoly. A hard Brexit where the UK trades according to WTO rules is shown to decrease total UK welfare, to have an ambiguous effect on total EU27 welfare, and to increase total welfare in the rest of the world. Unilateral free trade for the UK is shown to decrease total UK welfare, to increase total EU27 welfare, and to increase total welfare in the rest of the world. A free trade agreement with the rest of the world rather than the EU27 will be beneficial, ceteris paribus, if the rest of the world market is larger than the EU27 market; if the rest of the world tariff is larger than the EU27 tariff; and if firms in the rest of the world have higher costs than EU27 firms. It will not be beneficial if trade between the UK and the rest of the world is more costly than trade between the UK and the EU27 as is likely to be the case since the EU27 is close to the UK.


The use of percutaneous fixation wires for orthopedic injuries may be associated with the complication of wire migration. Here, we report on the migration of three proximal humerus wires five weeks after insertion; one of which we believe may be the longest distance traveled for a percutaneous wire into the pelvis. The patient is a 67-year-old female who underwent percutaneous pinning with four Kirshner wires for a left proximal humerus fracture. At a five-week follow up appointment she underwent removal of one of these wires secondary to ongoing pain. Radiographs showed the other three wires were no longer at the site of repair. Subsequent spiral CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed migration of the remaining three wires into the mediastinum, pelvis, and left posterorlateral back. The intrathoracic wire traversed the subclavicular tissue, anterior to the left common carotid artery and terminated anterior to the trachea, abutting the brachiocephalic artery. The pelvic wire traversed the preperitoneal space to abut the left external iliac vein and sigmoid colon. All wires were successfully removed surgically through small incisions with the aid of ultrasound and fluoroscopy and without complication. The patient made an uneventful recovery. Proposed theories for wire migration include bone resorption, extremity motion, muscular contraction, respiratory motion and negative intrathoracic pressure. Regardless of cause, caution must be taken to avoid wire migration and vigilant follow up with radiographs can help reduce morbidity associated with this complication.


It is well established that the cercarial form of Schistosoma japonicum enters the mammalian host through the skin, and that it passes by way of the blood vessels to the lungs. The route taken by the worms from the lungs to the portal and mesenteric veins where they grow to maturity, has been disputed by various Japanese investigators. Narabayashi 1 concluded that they go mainly by way of the pleural cavity into the mediastinal tissues, and thence through the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity and, by direct penetration, enter the liver and portal vein. Sueyasu 2 claims that they pass from the pleural cavity directly through the diaphragm and into the liver. Miyagawa and Takemoto 3 believe that most of the worms leave the lungs through the pulmonary veins, pass through the aorta and mesenteric arteries into the capillaries of the stomach and intestine and thence into the portal veins. The method used by all these investigators consisted of the examination of serial microscopic sections of mice killed at various intervals after infection. Owing to the discrepancy of these findings we used somewhat different methods in attacking this problem. A series of ten rabbits was heavily infected and one was killed on each of the first ten days thereafter. The peritoneal and pleural cavities were washed out, and the blood vessels of the lungs, liver, spleen, gastro-intestinal tract and posterior extremities were irrigated with saline-citrate solution. The popliteal lymph nodes, lungs and liver were cut into fine pieces and washed. The fluids from all these washings and irrigations were then examined for worms. The young worms were recovered from the liver on the third day. This was as early as they were recovered from the pleural cavity and was one day before they were found in the peritoneal cavity. They were never found in the pleural or peritoneal cavity in large numbers, except in one rabbit, which showed the lesions of chronic passive congestion of the lungs and other viscera. The pleural cavity of this rabbit yielded 171 young worms while in the peritoneal cavity only one worm was found. In these rabbits petechial hemorrhages were numerous in the lungs from the second day on. They appeared in the mucosa of the stomach and intestine on the third day, and in the muscles, the deeper layers of the skin and most of the other viscera on the fourth day. On the fifth day they were intense in all the viscera but thereafter became progressively fewer. Serial microscopic sections through a hemorrhage in the gastric mucosa and through the cortex of one kidney of a four-day rabbit, showed young worms in both localities. A series of four mice was killed on the fourth to the seventh day after infection.


This research is an ethnographic study of the meaning of literacy in the lives of three adults. The two-year study, which took place in the community of Hubbards, Nova Scotia, investigated the literacy background and current literacy activities of two women and one man. The data were collected using interactive methods, such as participant observation and interviews, and non-interactive methods, such as collecting reading and writing artifacts. The results of the study described the holistic process of learning and demonstrating literate behaviours at home and at work, and illustrated the role that literacy plays in shaping the contexts of the participants' lives. The findings suggest that literacy cannot be separated from the context in which it appears, nor can it be separated from the personality, history, goals, life issues, and problems of the people involved. The literate behaviours of the participants indicate that each of them uses signs in the contexts of their lives to reflect and create who they are.


We construct phenomenological quark-lepton mass matrices based on S$_3$ permutation symmetry in a manner fully compatible with SU(5) grand unification. The Higgs particles we need are {\bf 5}, {\bf 45} and their conjugates. The model gives a charge $-$1/3 quark vs charged lepton mass relation, and also a good fit to mass-mixing relations for the quark sector, as well as an attractive mixing pattern for the lepton sector, explaining a large mixing angle between $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\tau$, and either large or small $\nu_e-\nu_\mu$ mixing angle, depending on the choice of couplings, consistent with the currently accepted solutions to the solar neutrino problem.


Shuangfeng Monogerm 3 was crossed with CMS diploid monogerm Mhms9 as female parent and Multigerm Diploid "0"68 with high sugar content,stronger resistance to Cercospora as male parent,This variety is NE-type.In regional tests (1996-1998),the average root yields were higher-1.75% and 6.55% respectively than common CK and local CK.The average sugar content were higher 1.4°S and 0.58°S respectively.The sugar yield were higher 8.07% and 8.49% respectively.In three regeonal demonstration tests (1999),the root yield,sugar content and sugar yield were higher 30.99%,2.01°S,51.02% respectively than local CK.It was suitable to precision drill by machine and culture seedling with paper-spot.


Specimens of Comaroma simonii Bertkau from Styria (Austria) were kept in the laboratory in order to investigate biological details. Egg sacs were built at the end of June and the beginning of July. They were white-coloured, round in shape with a diameter of 1.47 mm on the average (n = 5) and were attached to vertical surfaces. Each egg sac contained three eggs of pale yellow colour. Normally the egg sac is protected by a silken funnel ending in a tube that points toward the ground underneath. It is assumed that this functions as a means of protection against egg predators and parasites. Spiderlings hatched after 27 days; they most probably moulted twice before leaving the cocoon on the 35th day. They built webs closely resembling those of the adults. Juveniles and sub adults showed no sclerotization of the body and were rarely found in the natural.habitat. There, vertical and horizontal migrations probably occur as a means of avoiding wetness or drying out, respectively. The sex ratio of all collected specimens was 98 females to 54 males. C. simonii is regarded as a 'k-strategist' and an eurychronous species.


Objective To understand different temperament types of nurses with bachelor degree and to provide reference for temperament training.Methods Temperament questionnaire was applied to survey 117 undergraduate nurses with convenient sampling.Results There were 38 nurses with simple type of temperament accounting for 33.9% and 74 with mixed types of temperament accounting for 66.1%,among 37 of which were with sanguine and lymphatic temperament.Conclusion There is variety of temperament types among nurses.Nurses should be distributed to differing positions based on their respective temperament types.Systematic training could benefit the improvement of temperament.


In this paper, a 10-bit 300 MHz current-steering D/A converter in 0.35-mum CMOS is presented. Running from a single 3.3V power supply, it has a power consumption of 100mW for an clock signal of 300MHz for the use of the limited current cell switch matrix. In order to ensure the linearity of DAC, a double Centro symmetric current matrix is designed by using the Q2 random walk strategy. With the 6 most significant bits (MSBs) being implemented as equally weighted current sources, high linearity has been achieved. Differential nonlinearity (DNL) of 0.6 LSB and integral nonlinearity (INL) of 0.6 LSB have been measured. To achieve better dynamic performance, a latch and a buffer have been added in front of the current switch to change the input signal, such as its optimal cross-point and voltage level. For a 10-bit resolution, the converter has reached an update rate of 300MHz.


This research aims to study the task of the village in Bali related pakraman by the ratification of the women's Convention into law Number 7 in 1984 about the passage of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. The community's customary law in Pakraman Village Bali is called based on the applicable local Bali province number: 3 years Pakraman Village of 2003. One of the tasks of the village Pakraman is making the rule of law (awig-awig). The enactment of related laws, the legal issues that arise: what are the principles of the Convention established the woman had already formulated in the awig – awig village pakraman? The legal issues observe by using the normative legal method by relying on legal materials and material non-law. Also, problems also assessed by the theory of legal pluralism of Sally Falk Moore, i.e., Semi-autonomous social field theory.Based on search results and study materials of the law, in this case, some awig-awig Pakraman village, results or findings indicate that women's Convention established the principles namely equality and justice between men and women has not yet been applied awig-awig in the pakraman village. So, based on the theory of legal pluralism is examined from Sally Falk Moore, where local laws (awig-awig) turned out to be stronger regarding State law are dealt face. The things which can know from the provisions of article (pawos) from some awig-awig who examined it turns out women's Convention principles, namely equality and justice between men and women has not yet applied in the awig – awig pakraman village. That means that the discriminative customary law was still so strong so the benchmark in the Association life pakraman. So, in conclusion, the principles of the Convention on women has not been applied in the awig – awig pakraman village, so that still reflect discriminatory against women.This research needs to be continued with empirical legal research to find out why the principles of the Convention on women has not applied to the awig – awig pakraman village


The current challenges in Global Software Development (GSD) necessitate support from software tools with special features. In this work, we explain which features are desirable for these tools in the context of GSD and how these features are related to the principal challenges in this environment. We shall therefore present a survey of the tools that provide these features. The tools included in the survey were classified through the use of the ISO/IEC 12207 standard processes to determine which process is supported by each tool. A classification of the tools according to their features is also included, in which the specific features of each tool are shown.


A presentation by Helen Bowers of Community Service Volunteers, given at the Sure Start to Later Life Conference, part of the Celebrating Ageing festival July 2006.


Metabolic crises caused by inborn errors of metabolism are not rare. Its clinical manifestations are non-specific. Clinicians generally have a tendency to pursue this possibility only after other more common conditions have been excluded. If prompt treatment is not initiated early, the patients may deteriorated rapidly, even death may occurs over hours to days. The survivors may have severe sequelae. Diagnosis of metabolic crisis caused by inborn errors of metabolism does not require extensive knowledge of biochemical metabolic pathways or individual metabolic diseases. It is most important to have an intimate knowledge of the major manifestations and initial laboratory tests features that may suggest the diagnosis clues. An early diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy is often life saving and can prevent permanent neurologic sequelae.

Key words:
Metabolic crisis; Inborn errors of metabolism; Diagnosis; Treatment


Tech-savvy children elaborately dance through a myriad of informal and formal school and out-of-school literacy practices, sometimes leaving the adults who teach and care for them feeling like relics of yesterday. How can we harness what students bring to learning and reconcile that with what we have traditionally taught this age group? How do we leave our comfort zones and design meaningful experiences which transform learners (both young and not so young)?


Basic ionic liquid catalyzed synthesis of various p yrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridines were synthesized by cyclocondensation of 5-amino-3 aryl -1-H phenylpyrazoles, p-substitut ed benzoylacetonitriles and some aryl aldehydes by using basic ionic liquid, [bmIm]OH. It acts as a base catalyst. Comparative study of triethylamine and [bmIm]OH. a ammonium acetate was studied .Reusability of cataly st with good yields under green reaction conditions is the salient feature of this synthetic method.


Background: A novel index called the mitral leaflet separation index (MLS index) has shown to be useful
in assessing the severity of Mitral Stenosis (MS). However, studies on use of MLS index in assessing
severity of mitral stenosis in post PTMC setting is limited
Aims: To study correlation of MLSI with severity of mitral stenosis by various method on echocardiography
and catheterization in both pre PTMC and post PTMC setting.
Methods: Consecutive patients of all ages and both sexes with moderate to severe rheumatic mitral stenosis
who underwent successful PTMC from January 2014 to December 2015 were included in the study. The
mitral valve area (MVA) was estimated by the standard 2D echo planimetry and pressure halftime methods.
The MLS index was estimated by measuring the maximal separation of tip of the mitral leaflets in end
diastole in parasternal long axis (PLAX) view and in apical 4-chamber view (A4C). The MS severity was
also assessed by calculating the MVA using Gorlin's Formula during cardiac catheterization study.
Correlation between MLSI and hemodynamic severity of MS by conventional echocardiography and
catheterization was studied.
Results: 50 patients with moderate or severe mitral stenosis and valve morphology favourable for PTMC
were included in the study. The male-to female ratio is 1: 2.33. The mean age of the patients was 30.64 +
10.62 years. Pre-PTMC, the mean MVA by PHT method was 0.749 + 0.12 cm2 while the mean MVA by
2D method was 0.77 + 0.23cm2
. The mean MV pressure gradient was 14.93 + 1.93mmHg and the mean
MLSI was 6.606 + 1.5 mm. Mean MVA (Gorlin) was 0.735 + 0.1 cm2
. MLS index correlated well with
MVA by planimetry method both in pre-PTMC (r = 0.635; p = <0.0001) and post-PTMC patients (r = 0.49;
p = 0.0004) and overall correlation was r = 0.92 with p < 0.0001


In recent years, with the strengthening of the populist right and its increased focus on gender and sexuality, there has been growing interest in studying this issue among researchers of social sciences, leading to the publication of several edited volumes (e.g., Kuhar & Paternotte, eds., 2017; Krizsán & Roggeband, eds., 2019, or Kováts & Põim, eds., 2015). Yet another volume on this topic, therefore, needs to promise something extra beyond the general description of right-wing anti-gender strategies most of us in the field are already familiar with. This collection of essays promises such an extra addition (a focus on paradoxes), and while it does not consistently keep this perspective, it does offer some exciting new additions to the literature of right-wing populism and gender. It grew out of a research project that would have compared right-wing discursive strategies regarding gender and sexuality in Europe, and which, though never completed, provided enough inspiration to a number of renowned researchers to explore these issues in their local context. This original background also accounts for the fact that most articles focus on analyzing discourses (of parties, organizations like the World Congress of Families, or even of researchers), and (with one exception) less attention is paid to the experiences of ordinary people.


This article present the result of case study of existing manufacturing system and discusses how simulation is used to improve the manufacturing system performances. In this article simulation useiJ to compare condition in fbct and the ideal condition which wish a small industry reached'
Method used in this research is field study directly with processing time record technique, industry l'acility owned and also the technique interview to know expectation of management. Through simulator Extend, industry facility used as reference of building simulation model, time processed used as base of simulation time and managcment expectation translated as ideal model. In this simulation, was developed some simulation models which can become alternative solution for raw material problem, worker and capacities production problem as according to ability of company's finance at this time.


The theory of incomplete contracting is rival to that of complete contracting as a frame of reference to understand contractual relationships. Both approaches rest upon diametrically opposed postulates and lead to very different policy conclusions. From a theoretical viewpoint, scrutiny of the postulates has revealed that both frameworks are reasonable. This paper designs and implements an empirical test to discern whether contracts are complete or incomplete. We analyze a problem where the parties' inability to commit not to renegotiate inefficiencies is sufficient for contractual incompleteness. We study optimal contracts with and without commitment and derive an exclusion restriction that is useful to identify the relevant commitment scenario. The ∗We thank Alberto Bisin, Chris Flinn, John Ham, Oliver Hart, Alessandro Lizzeri, Torsten Persson, Giorgio Topa, and seminar participants at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Harvard University, New York University, SUNY at Buffalo, New York Fed, and IIES for helpful comments; Leticia Morales Ripalda for excellent assistance; and Carlos del Campo, Oriol Domènech, Juan Antonio Jiménez, Manuel Esteban, Pedro Mart́ın, José Maŕıa Pajares, AS, El Páıs, and Marca for data provision. Comin thanks the "Galácticos" for inspiration. All errors are our own. Financial assistance from the Research Council at Rutgers University and the C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics at New York University is gratefully acknowledged. †Rutgers University; firstname.lastname@example.com ‡New York University, NBER, and New York Fed; email@example.com


Experimental verification of the theory of quantum 1/f noise is not easy. Measurements have been previously reported on the statistics of nuclear α decay that claimed to observe the effect. This experiment has repeated the study of the α decay and concludes that there is no good evidence for the effect.


Aerodynamic power equations predict optimal speeds at which birds ought to fly if they are to maximize time spent in the air on a given energy store (minimum power speed, Vmp), distance covered using a given amount of fuel (maximum range speed, Vmr), and rate of delivering food to the chicks in the nest (Vnest), or maximize the daily energy balance (VDBAL). With the aerodynamic model employed, these speeds are 5.3, 7.0, 7.9, and 8.9 m∙s−1, respectively, for the Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica. A comparison of the predicted flight speed with both the mean and median flight speeds (8 m∙s−1 in both cases; n = 821) recorded with Doppler radar indicates that Barn Swallows fly at speeds not significantly different from Vnest. The true sample size was unknown, and realistic sample sizes are drawn with bootstrap procedures and compared with those given by the number of measurements (821); no significant differences were found. To test the model, energy requirements for growth, prey density, and time spent foraging ...


We have ported the Plan 9 research operating system to the IBM Blue Gene/L and /P series machines. In contrast to 20 years of tradition in High Performance Computing (HPC), we require that programs access network interfaces via the kernel, rather than the more traditional (for HPC) OS bypass. In this paper we discuss our research in modifying Plan 9 to support sub-microsecond "bits to the wire" (BTW) performance. Rather than taking the traditional approach of radical optimization of the operating system at every level, we apply a mathematical technique known as Currying, or pre-evaluation of functions with constant parameters; and add a new capability to Plan 9, namely, process-private system calls. Currying provides a technique for creating new functions in the kernel; processprivate system calls allow us to link those new functions to individual processes.


The first stars to form in protogalaxies must have primordial chemical composition. We refer to a protogalaxy that is forming stars of primordial composition, or very low metallicity ($Z\le 0.01 Z_{\odot}$), as ``Primordial Proto-Galaxy'' (PPG). PPGs contain little or no dust, and therefore their spectral energy distribution can be modelled from the rest-frame ultraviolet to the infrared without accounting for dust extinction and emission. We present the results of computing the photometric properties of high redshift PPGs at near-d-to-mid infrared wavelengths, that will soon be available with the new generation of infrared space telescopes, such as SIRTF and the NGST. We show that: i) PPGs at very high redshift (5<z<10) should be easily selected from deep near/mid IR surveys with a colour-colour criterion; ii) PPGs at redshift 5<z<10 can be detected at 8 $\mu$m with the NGST, if they have a constant star formation rate of at least 100 M$_{\odot}/$yr; iii) once the redshift of a PPG photometric candidate is determined, its near-to-mid infrared colors should provide strong constraints on the stellar IMF at zero or very low metallicity.


Recently, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been studied by scientists worldwide as tools that can replace traditional energy sources to address issues related to energy depletion and environmental pollution. PEMFCs present many advantages for various applications, such as their high efficiency, ability to self-start at low temperatures and clean emissions. However, PEMFCs have not yet been widely used in applications due to their high manufacturing costs and low levels of power density. Flow-field design optimization serves as a good means to enhance fuel cell operations; as a result, many studies have focused on optimizing the flow field to improve water management and fuel cell performance output. The paper provides a review of a variety of studies conducted on flow-field configuration design that contribute greatly to water management and fuel cell operation. Regarding pin-type flow fields, the design uses several pins of various shapes arranged in a rectangular or spherical configuration. The membrane can become dry as a result of over water discharge. Meanwhile, for straight and parallel configurations, such designs include many separate parallel flow channels that connect the inlet to the outlet. These designs are simple and require the lowest level of pressure drop by equally distributing gases into parallel paths. Some works have designed bipolar plate configurations that include multi-pass serpentine flow fields, which enhance under-rib convection, generate a more uniform gas distribution, and quickly remove water from under-rib regions. A geometrical characterization shows that multi-pass serpentine flow fields strengthen under-rib convection intensities and support more uniform conditions in terms of gas concentrations, temperatures, and pressure levels in comparison to conventional serpentine flow fields.


Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of airframe structures may involve finding eddy‐current distributions in complicated geometrical features including cracks, fasteners, sharp corners/edges, multi‐layered structures, complex ferrite‐cored probes, etc. The eddy‐current problem can be formulated in terms of boundary integral equations (BIE), which can be discretized into matrix equations by the method of moments (MoM) or the boundary element method (BEM). The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) is a well‐established and effective method for accelerating numerical solutions of the matrix equations. Accelerated by the FMM, the BIE method can now solve large‐scale electromagnetic wave propagation and diffusion problems. The traditional BIE method requires O(N2) operations to compute the system of equations and another O(N3) operations to solve the system using direct solvers, with N being the number of unknowns; in contrast, the BIE method accelerated by the two‐level FMM can potentially reduce the operations and memory ...


Integrating conventional mud logging data with the drilling, formation, and well data and information provided in modern mud logging units can be done by using three methods. The modern mud logging unit provides in addition to oil and gas analyses, numerous other drilling, formation evaluation, and well information services. Until now, the inability to integrate cuttings and oil-and-gas-analysis data into quantitative log analysis methods has reduced the value of the conventional mud log as a formation evaluation tool. The three methods that have been developed that can overcome that problem is described and discussed in a series of three articles. This first article reviews the information provided in a modern mud logging unit and describes the hydrocarbon evaluation score chart method.


In this paper we propose a deeper analysis of the convergences and divergences that warn positions on central issues of Social Economy. Here we seek to identify some central themes especially in the debate about these projections, rather than develop comprehensive analysis to exhaust it. The documentary analysis elaborated in Latin America warns strongly critical of the models developed in the core countries thought. This presupposes strongly disputes over any pretense of a common vision, but also the need for a mutually enriching dialogue if you intend to design appropriate policies and tools that give a strong support to alternative positions held. The central purpose of this paper is to contribute to the initiation of this debate.


Objective To assess the ability of contrast-enhanced multislice helical computed tomography(MSCT) to depict the posterior intercostal artery(PICA). Methods Images of twenty-six patients without thoracic disease underwent contrast-enhanced MSCT of chest were retrospectively analyzed. MIP and VR were used to reconstruct PICA and were investigated with transverse images to display the anatomy of the artery by two experienced doctors. Results Four hundred and thirty-seven of 468(93.38%) PICA were shown by using contrast-enhanced MSCT. Most of the left side of PICA(77.31%) derived from the posterior wall of the aorta, while the origin of the right side of PICA shifted from the right wall to posterior wall from up to down. Fifty percent of right bronchial arteries co-originated with right PICA. There was no significant difference in the inner diameter of the two side of PICA. The average distances from the spinous and transverse processes to the point where PICA begin to be protected by the rib were (7.43±1.18)cm and (4.41±1.15)cm respectively. Conclusion The anatomy of PICA can be shown clearly with contrast-enhanced MSCT.


During the last years the dynamic spectrum management has been classified as a necessary modification in the spectrum allocation policy. Within the huge amount of publications dealing with this topic two main approaches can be pointed out. On the one hand the overlay system concept which allocate temporary unused frequency bands of established licensed systems. On the other hand the auction-based spectrum allocation schemes providing abstract radio resource units to the user. These units have to be transmitted using the available Radio Access Technologies (RAT). Both concepts have in common that the mobile terminal has to be adapted to the used frequency bands or radio transmission standards, respectively. Therefore, the Cognitive Radio concept is considered to provide the required flexibility. In order to support a high adaptability of the mobile terminal we present a concept for the physical layer structure of a Cognitive Radio. In addition to the classical parts of a mobile transmitter the Cognitive Radio specific functions like spectral observation and knowledge processing will be included.


Files in the cloud have chances of getting misused by a hacker or a malicious person. In order to solve this issue, we introduce a method where the owner of the file in a cloud sent an email notification regarding the file modification. The file is uploaded by a group owner in a private cloud, users have access to register for the group and download the required file. An auditor is assigned to check for any modification that has been to made to the file .The files are encrypted and kept initially, slight changes made in the encrypted content is also detected by the auditor and the file owner is notified about the modification via email.


Italy is a predominantly Catholic country that developed historically on the basis of a strong, dominant religion and weak state institutions. Yet, openly clerical parties, direct advocates of the interests of the Catholic Church, have nowadays virtually disappeared and the relevance of the religious cleavage is decreasing, in favour of a more indirect support for these interests, mainly among moderate and conservative forces. Although the overall level of secularisation in Italy has increased, the degree of religiosity of Italian society remains one of the highest of the 27 member-states of the European Union (EU) and polarisation over religious issues in domestic politics remains high, particularly regarding moral values and family matters. In our study we explore the role of religion within the Italian political sphere with regard to the functioning of political representation, by taking into account the sub-national, national and European levels of government. We focus on the attitudes and behaviours of Italian political elites at the EU level. We hypothesise a strong influence of religion on the articulation between national and European politics. Our findings consistently show that the degree of religiosity of the Italian delegation to the European Parliament (EP) is high. However, the impact of such a high degree of religiosity among the members of the EP (MEPs) on their political activities appears less direct than one might predict, while the degree of political secularism is higher among Italian MEPs than among their national or regional counterparts. When we discuss a case study, namely the accession of Turkey to the EU, our data show that the religious attitudes of Italian MEPs play a crucial role in their stance on Turkish accession. The picture that emerges is thus nuanced. Religion significantly impacts on Italian MEPs' ideological, political and moral attitudes, but plays a smaller role in their activities; while their left-right collocation emerges as the most relevant predictor, despite a number of exceptions.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention describes the contraception method wherein estrogen and progestogen are administrated every day in tree-phase sequence for 21 day. On the first phase the combination of estrogen and progestogen is administrated for 5-8 days in low but effective for contraception every day dose corresponding by estrogenic activity to 23-28 mcg of 17α-ethinylestradiol and by progestogenic activity to 0.065-0.75 mg of norethindrone followed by administration the same dose of estrogen and dose of progestogen for 7-11 days corresponding by progestogenic activity to 0.25-1.0 mg of norethindrone followed by administration the same dose estrogen and dose of progestogen for 3-7 days corresponding by progestogenic activity to 0.35-2.0 mg of norethindrone and the following breaking in administration of both estrogen and progestogen for 4-8 days. EFFECT: expanded assortment of contraceptive agents. 27 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex


1 The authors would like to thank the Bank referees for their most useful and positive comments, while retaining full responsibility for any shortfalls or inappropriatenesses which may remain. Local development case studies in Latin America.


In our investigation of Macahui, evidence on the function of the clearings was considered. Several types of evidence were evaluated, including the patterns of the clearings' occurrence, their associations, their morphology, the characteristics of the pavement immediately around them, and the testimony of the region's contemporary inhabitants. This evidence was used to evaluate three hypothesis: (1) that the clearings were made for prehistoric habitation, (2) that they were made as geoglyphs, and (3) that they were byproducts of modern gravel collection.


The rate of sports population in developed cities in Jinhua area of Zhejiang Province is basically the same with that of the undeveloped. Community sports in towns are characteristic due to the leaders' emphasis,support of sport functional departments,active organization of residential district and enterprises and the devotion of the instructors working at the morning and evening (exercising) spots. Lacking of the social sports instructors and decreasing of the administrative forces restrict the development of community sports in this area.


In the number-conserving Bogoliubov theory of the Bose-Einstein condensate, the Bogoliubov transformation between quasiparticles and particles is nonlinear. We invert this nonlinear transformation and give a general expression for eigenstates of the Bogoliubov Hamiltonian in particle representation. The particle representation unveils the structure of a condensate multiparticle wave function. We give several examples to illustrate a general formalism.


At the core of architecture is the physical construct, its form, scale and materiality as it relates to the humans that inhabit it. We will explore the concept of embodied computation as it relates to architectural body and the changes that computation can bring to it. In comparison to the more established anthropomorphic robotics approach, the architectural body is much larger in scale and surrounds us. This is in contrast to the anthropomorphic object to object interaction so ingrained in human computer interaction. We will explore computational principles that steer formal processes, that become embedded in physical form through sensing feedback and control, or through acting upon the world as a computational social construct.


Abstract The research group including two of the present authors previously discovered a surprising phenomenon in oil flows through constricted channels; at a certain flowrate when there is no cavitation occurring, an infinitesimal cavity suddenly emerges on the wall where the flow separates. The newborn cavity grows and splits releasing many minute bubbles to downstream, as the flowrate increases. To see if this phenomenon occurs in water too, water flows through rectangular and cylindrical constrictions have been meticulously observed with very high resolution in terms of both time and space. As a result it has been confirmed that the same phenomenon does occur in separating water flows as well, although the developing process of a newborn cavity in water flows is different from that in oil flows probably depending on a large difference in Reynolds numbers between both flows. When the flowrate is substantially increased from that for the cavity inception, a large attached cavity is formed on the wall just downstream of the separation point, as it occurred in corresponding oil flows. The pressure inside the cavity has proved to be almost equal to the saturation vapour pressure of water.


There is a growing need in the intermodal industry for better tracking of containers in transit in order to improve handling and throughput, increase security, and enable the use of electronic data interchange (EDI). Since radio frequency (RF) tags or electronic seals (e-seals) are not standardized in the container shipping industry, automation of the container recognition process must be achieved by using the identification numbers printed on the containers. It is in this context that the Transportation Development Center (TDC) of Transport Canada, the Montreal Port Authority, and the prime systems integrator DTI Telecommunications have developed and delivered a system that integrates automatic equipment identification (AEI) with an optical character recognition (OCR) system to automate the identification of railcars and containers. This paper describes the final testing and integration phase associated with the delivery of an AEI system with a proprietary, state-of-the-art OCR system for automatic identification of railcars and containers. The integration of these two systems into an information technology (IT) environment meets the Port community's requirement for timely, accurate information, and provides a basis for customer service improvement.


Fig(Ficus carica L.) is one of ancient but a new tree species with superior economic worth in China,and possesses abundant nutritive value,medical and health care value.The germplasm resources,nutritive value,active physiological materials and cultivation techniques of fig were summarized in this paper.The problems,the way to settle them and the practical prospects were also discussed.It could provide a basis for the development and utilization of fig.


Optically active L-3-(trimethylsilyl)-alanine is an unnatural silicon-containing amino acid with special bioactivity. The preparation of L-3-(trimethylsilyl)-alanine by asymmertric hydrolysis of N-acetyl-D, L-3-(trimethylsilyl)-alanine catalyzed by free Aspergillus oryzae 3042 cells was studied, and the effects of the shaking speed, phosphate buffer concentration, pH value and reaction temperature on the reaction rate and the enantioselectivity were systematically investigated. It is found that all the factors mentioned above have important effects on the reaction. The optimal values of the shaking speed, phosphate buffer concentration, pH value and reaction temperature are 170 r?min?1, 0.10 mol?L?1, 7.0 and 50℃, respectively. When 10 mmol?L?1 N-acetyl-D,L-3-(trimethylsilyl)-alanine is hydrolyzed with 1g free Aspergillus oryzae 3042 cells in a phosphate buffer solution, under the above mentioned proper operation conditions and with a reacting time of 79 h, a substrate conversion ratio of 49.5% could be achieved with a high product e.e. of 92.7%.


A solution culture experiment was designed to show the influence of low to excessive concentrations of Al on coffee yields. The treatments consisted of six Al concentrations: 0.0, 0.074, 0.148, 0.296, 0.444, and 0.888 mmol dm -3 . Shoot, root and coffee fruit weights were progressively decreased under the Al treatments. There was significant reduction in all growth parameters even at lowest Al treatment. The lateral roots of Al stressed plants were thicker, shorter, and fewer in number than those of the control plants. The development of root tip was inhibited and the roots developed a brown color. The younger leaves of Al stressed plants were small, chlorotic, and curled along the margins. Aluminum toxicity symptoms on older leaves include marginal chlorosis which progressed to the center of leaf. Visual injury symptoms exhibited by coffee leaves were associated with leaf Al concentration above 300 µg g -1 . Aluminum toxicity was associated with reduced uptake of Ca, Mg and P, and increased uptake of K and Al.


Reservoir characterization is the basis of almost all aspects of well drilling and oilfield managements and therefore the precise determination of the reservoir properties has a massive profound impact on the success of the operations. Different methods have been suggested by previous authors for this purpose but complexity of the procedures, lack of precision, and time-consuming nature are the major weak points of such procedures, especially when uncored intervals are intended. In order to defeat such problems, a novel hybrid computational intelligence system is developed through which the optimum inputs (features) are investigated by a combination of genetic algorithm and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system and then the cluster center's range of influence in each of the data dimension is optimized by the same algorithm. The resulting performances of the modeled cases are then compared by other methods. The considerable improvement in the system accuracies and achieving mean standard error of .00007 and .00033 for the porosity and water saturation models, substantiates the power, efficiency, and precision of the stated novel method.


Pavel Pevzner of UC San Diego spoke about "De Novo Sequencing with Short Reads" on March 26, 2009 during the 4th Annual User Meeting


This essay considers the impossibility faced by The Merchant of Venice's Shylock in seeking redress for his suffering and how dismissal of his complaints parallels criticism of protests against racial injustice in the twenty-first century, with particular attention to Colin Kaepernick's 2016 protest against police brutality. Venice's idealization of Christ-like passivity and our own age's veneration of Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolence create impossible standards for those attempting to call attention to injustice, leading to condemnation of protesters' actions and misinterpretation of their motives.


In this paper, we deal with the two dimensional scattering problem from mixed dielectric-conductor targets. In particular, we analyze a Schur-complement based Method of Moments technique as the solution procedure. In fact, different solutions to the mixed dielectricconductor scatterer problem [1–3] and several works on Schur preconditioners can be found in the literature [4, 5]. Here, what we propose is simply that the currents on different kinds of scatterer must be appended in different vectors. For this purpose, we use a rectangular mesh to discretize the dielectric scatterers. Pulse functions are used as basis functions and the integral of the Green's function on the discretized rectangles is analytically calculated by using the wellknown circle approximation [6]. For the conductor objects the surface is discretized into points and the integrals of Green's function is numerically calculated on the lines which connect the discretized points. Finally, dirac-delta functions are used as weighting functions and an equation system for the currents on the scatterers are obtained. As stressed above, the currents on the different kind of materials (dielectric-conductor) are casted into two different vectors. Then the inversion of "the object equation" are done by means of the Schur complement. By doing so, the inversion of the large Green matrix turns into the inversion of two subblocks of this matrix. The accuracy of this Schur complement based Method of Moments solution is tested against the analytical solution of the scattering from a dielectric coated conductor. Moreover, an error rate analysis is made by comparing the theoretical expressions with the simulated fields. Obtained results show that the Schur complement based inversion of object equation increases the validity range of the solution obtained from Method of Moments.


With the impact of cost crunch in every industry including semi-conductor industry across the world, complexities of 22nm CMOS may appear to be way out in the distance future. However, more than the technology complexity, the new era of financial restraint will impose unprecedented productivity requirements on future design flows. This presents a significant opportunity as well as a complex challenge for the EDA industry. In addition, with semiconductor industry's march towards 32nm CMOS technology and introduction of new technologies such as 3D ICs in sight for 22nm nodes, it is crucial for the IC design and CAD community to understand the challenges posed by these potential technology changes. This talk will cover these challenges and outline the opportunities including those in physical design domain. The advanced device and interconnect structures and materials including 3D technology that could be introduced at 22nm node have significant impact on the direction of the CAD industry. We will also discuss the design methodology and CAD implications of these technology changes.


The invention discloses an adjustable optical fiber collimation system. The adjustable optical fiber collimation system comprises a single-mode optical fiber, a gas environment, a gas-sensitive material thin film and a collimation device, wherein the collimation device is a graded index rod lens or a graded index optical fiber, and an incident end surface of the collimation device inclines relative to a cross section; the partial surface of the single-mode optical fiber or the partial surface of the graded index optical fiber is coated with the gas-sensitive material thin film; the gas environment is a sealed container which is fully filled with a gas, and the optical fiber on the film-coated part is arranged in the gas environment; the gas is in chemical reaction with the gas-sensitive material thin film, and shear stress between the gas-sensitive material thin film and the surface of the optical fiber of the film-coated part enables the optical fiber to be in axial deformation, and laser optical length is enabled to be changed, so that a divergence angle of laser light emitted to the end surface of the collimation device is changed. According to the adjustable optical fiber collimation system disclosed by the invention, the deformation amount of a gas-sensitive material can be regulated through controlling partial pressure of the gas, so that the divergence angle of emergent light is enabled to be fine and adjustable between a maximum divergence angle and a minimum divergence angle.


R.K.B is proctor for Boston Scientific and consultant for Edwards Lifesciences. F.N is consultant for Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, St. Jude Medical and Direct Flow Medical. F.M is a consultant for Abbott Vascular, St. Jude Medical, ValtechCardio, and Medtronic; receives royalties from Edwards Lifesciences; and is a cofounder of 4Tech.

A 45-year-old male intravenous drug user known for human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis-C was admitted due to shortness of breath. Seven months before this admission he had undergone urgent surgical aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis (Edwards Perimount Magna 23 mm; Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California, USA) due to destructive Serratia marcescens endocarditis. Echocardiography showed new severe …


With the rapid development of internet,the world wide web (www) has already become a huge global information center for the study of data mining .As a starting point,the paper introduces the definition ,principle, the algorithms and process of data mining and Web mining in a summing up way. Also itdiscusses the concept and development of E business and E shopping.Finally,the applications of Web Mining are introduced in the E shopping.


The semiconductor light emitting device 1 includes light-emitting region 3 and the first of In the semiconductor light-emitting element 1, the light-emitting region 3 is made up of a group III nitride semiconductor include InAlGaN semiconductor layer. First of Al The second of Al A second


How well people learn, not how training is conducted is the measure of successful training. Prior to being able to decide on a class format, solid audience definition must be performed because expectations are critical to success. Once expectations are deter- mined, the best way to transfer the needed knowledge and skills can be decided. This article discusses the differences between instructor led and computer based instruction for training. Instructor led training is most valuable in conceptual training where adaptability and mteraction are key. However, where com- puter or procedural skills are the desired outcome, Computer Based Training (CBT) is the preferred method. When these two class formats are paired, an excellent method for transferring content is born. Trainees have the advantage of concepts presented by an instructor and the skills practice necessary for mas- tery of the procedure thru CBT. Just as audience definition must be performed in the beginning, a class is not complete without evalua...


People are living longer than ever before. As a result, life expectancy is going up and the demand of long-term care facilities is increasing in most countries. The facilities provide rehabilitative, restorative, and skilled nursing care to patients or residents in need of assistance with activities of daily living. This study deals with the capacitated location and allocation problem of long-term care facilities in a city that consists of a finite number of regions. Assuming that in each region candidate locations for three types of facilities are already given, two integer programming models are developed under the closest assignment rule reflecting the demand characteristics of the facilities. Both the location and type of the facilities to be built become decision variables. To show the validity of the models, numerical problems are solved with commercial software, CPLEX. Also, sensitivity studies were conducted to identify relationships between the system parameters.


In fatigue problems, an accurate estimation of the propagation direction is important for life prediction. We identify the most relevant factors that affect the crack orientation during the propagation stage of fretting fatigue cracks, arising from complete contacts. Contrary to what initially expected, parameters such as normal load, cyclic bulk load, etc. do not have a noticeable influence on the orientation. However the relative Young's moduli of indenter/specimen materials, the indenter width and the surface coeffi-cient of friction are the most influencing factors. Analyses are performed through the extended finite element method (X-FEM) and an orientation criterion for non-proportional loading proposed by the authors. Experimental fretting fatigue tests confirm the predicted trends. An explanation of this behaviour is also given.


Sociolinguistics, an area not traditionally grouped into TESOL curricula, occupies the limelight in Farrell's fresh addition to the English Language Teacher Development series. Here, educators will find the relevance of sociolinguistics for themselves and their students via accessible summaries of established sociolinguistics research and poignant reflective discussion questions.


Introduction Diagnostic disclosure is considered a basic intervention in dementia care for both patient and carer (see the article by Vernooij-Dassen, Derksen, Scheltens & Moniz-Cook, this issue). Although it is standard practice in the Netherlands for clinicians to disclose a diagnosis of dementia, there are no guidelines available on the issue. In addition, medical records tend to include very little information on the reactions of patients and carers to disclosure. Previous research has shown that while people with dementia and carers appreciate disclosure, they are less satisfied with the information that they receive (van Hout, Vernooij-Dassen, Hoefnagels & Grol, 2001; Vernooij-Dassen,Van Hout, Hund, Hoefnagels & Grol, 2003), although a third of them do receive further advice in subsequent meetings (Vernooij-Dassen et al., 2003). Memory clinics connected to the three Dutch Alzheimercentra have responded to the results from this research by setting up a quality improvement process that focuses on diagnostic


Cold-formed steel design standards such as AIK, AISI, CSA, EC3, AIJ etc. which were suggested through experimental and numerical research with many parameters to estimate the failure mode and ultimate strength of bolted connections were summarized according to four failure modes of bolted connections ; net section fracture, end shear out fracture, bearing fracture and block shear rupture. These design equations which have been revised until recently were classified into some expressions based on types of shear connections, use of washer, requirements of ductility, shear lag effect, ratio of bolt diameter to thickness etc. In this study, it is shown that there are differences between the standards with respect to same failure mode and, in order to verify their applicability in predicting ultimate behavior of connections, the comparisons among current design codes and two existing test results of connection specimens fabricated from common steel and low ductility steel were made. It is recommended that AISI specification for bolted connections governed by net section fracture, end shear out fracture and bearing fracture, and CSA design code for block shear rupture within limited edge distance be used. In addition, revised formula for block shear rupture considering bearing fracture is suggested.


Some specific features of the transport of silver nanoparticles onto a SiO2 substrate under focused nanosecond IR laser pulses is experimentally investigated. A possibility of obtaining silver coatings is demonstrated. The formation of silver nanostructures as a result of pulsed laser ablation in air is studied. Nanoparticles are formed by exposing a silver film to radiation of an HTF MARK (Bulat) laser marker (λ = 1064 nm). The thus prepared nanoparticles are analysed using scanning electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy.


In this paper a practical optical CDMA (Code-Division Multiplexing Access) encoder/decoder based on optical fiber delay lines (OFDL) for OOCs (optical orthogonal codes) is proposed, its performance is analyzed in three aspects, (1) The probability of bit error versus chip pulse width, (2) Stability versus temperature, pressure and strain, (3) The relationship between length error and bit error rate in NRZ format and RZ format.


18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a radiotracer widely used in positron emission tomography (PET) for metabolic imaging. PET with a perfusion-specific radiotracer (e.g. 82Rb-chloride) has been used for quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and flow reserve in clinics. However, the clinical accessibility of existing perfusion tracers remains limited. In this paper, we explore the potential of 18F-FDG for myocardial perfusion imaging by comparing the myocardial FDG delivery rate K1 with MBF as determined by dynamic 82Rb PET in fourteen human subjects. Different scan protocols with appropriate kinetic models were compared for myocardial FDG K1 quantification. Statistical associations between myocardial FDG K1 and MBF were evaluated using both bivariate and multivariate regression analyses with potential confounders taken into account. Myocardial FDG K1 and MBF were further evaluated for differentiating ischemic heart disease (IHD) from non-IHD using a numeric observer signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The bivariate analysis shows that FDG K1 is closely associated with MBF, demonstrating a high linear correlation in the IHD group. The association remains significant after adjusting for body mass index in the multivariate linear regression. Both MBF and FDG K1 can classify IHD from non-IHD with the area under the ROC curve equal to 0.85 or higher. It is also found that FDG K1 had a lower detection performance than MBF according to the numeric observer SNR and ROC analysis. The results from this study show that dynamic cardiac FDG-PET with tracer kinetic modeling has the potential to provide a surrogate for MBF in addition to its conventional use for metabolic imaging. As compared to MBF, the use of FDG K1 comes with a compromised performance, which may warrant further development for improved myocardial FDG flow quantification.


The authors report the findings of a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing motivational enhancement therapy with no treatment and alternative treatments. Mean effect-size data are reported. Implications and suggestions for counseling practice and future research are provided.


Bilingual education is an effective way to improve students' competency for international competition and communication in their specialized fields. Comparing the foreign language and the subject knowledge in bilingual teaching, which one outweighs the other? In this paper, the essential concept of bilingual education was discussed. Then the relationship between the language and subject was investigated. Finally, some ideas were proposed for the integration between language and content.


Context: Acharya Charaka has grouped the drugs according to their specific mode of action on particular body system and disease, and they can be used as a whole or in different combinations in different dosage forms. Shwasahara Dashemani is one among them and contains the 10 drugs. Bhavana Samskara (levigation process) is mentioned in Ayurveda to increase the potency of a drug and to reduce the dose. Aims and Objectives: To screen the differences in pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of the Shwasahara Dashemani Churna prepared with different numbers of Bhavana. Materials and Methods: Cluster of all the drugs of Shwasahara Dashemani was taken as a single combination in the form of Churna prepared with single Bhavana and another prepared with seven Bhavanas. For Bhavana, the Kashaya of the same drugs of Shwasahara Dashemani was used. Results: Till date, no research article was found on pharmacognostical evaluation of this drug. The powder microscopy of the Churna with one Bhavana showed the presence of simple starch grains of Shathi, stone cells of Agaru, etc., whereas that of another group prepared with seven Bhavana showed scleroids of Agaru with crushed walls, fibers of Amlavetasa with smoothened walls. Loss on drying was higher in the Churna with one Bhavana while ash value was found higher in Churna prepared with seven Bhavana. Conclusion: There is a definite role of number of Bhavana in the drug preparation as there is a change in pharmcognostical characteristics after the Bhavana. These changes favor the better absorption, assimilation, and target action with minimal dose.


This paper analyzes on the causes why the library utilization ratio of the students majored in art is lower commonly, points out that the key of changing this phenomenon is to strengthen the education on library utilization for the students majored in art and offer the art literature retrieval course as soon as possible in order to increase the library utilization ratio of the students majored in art.


We proposed a method for Human action Recognition. It is based on the construction of a set of templates for each activity. Each template is constructed based on the Accumulated Motion Image of the Video. Each template contains where motion has occurred in the video. FFT Transform is applied to each template. A 3D Spatiotemporal Volume is generated for each class. A Single action Maximum average Correlation height Filter is generated for each class. The filter is applied to the test video and using the threshold the actions are classified. The experiments are conducted on Weizmann dataset.


The US Endangered Species Act (ESA) allows protection of any species that is at risk in all or 'a significant portion of its range' (SPOIR). Because this provision is open to many possible interpretations, the agencies responsible for implementing the ESA recently published a SPOIR policy. The policy is based on a framework we developed that asks a simple question: 'If the por- tions of the range that are currently at risk were lost, would the entire species, at that point, be threatened or endangered?' If so, the portion of the range is significant. Some commentators have argued that the policy departs from goals the ESA was originally intended to accomplish. We dis- agree; biologists and managers struggling to implement provisions of the ESA in complex, real- world situations need practical guidance, and we believe our framework provides that. In partic- ular, it avoids as much as possible normative considerations in evaluating 'significance' in terms of human values; instead, we focus on significance to the species, which is consistent with the ESA focus on preventing extinctions, as well as with the mandate that listing determinations be based 'solely' on scientific information. However, we agree with some critics that a crucial factor in implementation of the policy will be how historical versus current concepts of range are recon- ciled. We believe that historical distribution and abundance are important, not as specific restora- tion goals, but as reference points that characterize conditions under which we are confident the species was viable.