The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trend on scale efficiency of the Port of Gwangyang from 1994 to 2004 using CCR, BCC, and Malmquist index approaches. The main results are as follows. First, scale efficiency shows a 50% similar[5(94/95, 95/96, 97/98, 2001/2002, 2003/2004) out of 10] pattern to technical efficiency change. Second, total factor productivity increased at 48.57% rate of growth on average in 6 out of 10 periods except 96/97, 97/98, 99/2000, and 2000/2001. 2003/2004 period is the one period experiencing rapid total factor productivity changes, mainly due to technical progress. Third, the ranking order of accumulative indices is scale efficiency change, TFP change, efficiency change, technical change, and pure efficiency change. The main policy implication of this paper is that according to the CCR, BCC, and Malmquist results, the Port of Gwangyang should develop the plan for enhancing the 5 Malmquist indices with following the management way of benchmarking ports.


A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at the Campus for Agricultural Research and Advanced Studies Dhablan of the G.S.S.D.G.S. Khalsa College Patiala, Punjab. To find out most suitable integrated weed management practices for control of weeds in chickpea under irrigated condition of Punjab. Integrated weed management significantly influenced the weed dynamics, growth and yield of chickpea crop. Weed parameter like total weed population (m-2) and weed dry weight (g) m-2, except weed control efficiency (%) was recorded significantly minimum in treatment T2 (Weed free) which was followed by treatment T4 (Two hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS) and T6 (Pendimethalin @ 750g ha-1 fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS). All the growth parameters (plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1 and dry weight (g) plant-1) and yield attributes (number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (g) and seed yield (q ha-1 were significantly higher in treatment T2 (Weed free) which was followed by treatment T4 (Two hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS) and T6 (Pendimethalin @ 750g ha-1 fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS)


The behavior of fiber reinforced cement composites (FRCC) can be described and quantified by a variety of parameters, such as strength and strain capacity, toughness index, and fracture energy, obtained from tests in tension or bending in a large number different configurations including varying specimen geometries and test setups. Depending on the details of the individual testing procedures, a particular composite may be characterized and classified inconsistently. To enable the evaluation of FRCC performance, a common basis for comparison is required, which will reflect the relevant material characteristics. Standardized test methods have been established for conventional FRCC with tension softening behavior. These test methods provide parameters, which are difficult to implement in structural design and cannot be universally applied to High Performance FRCC with strain hardening and multiple cracking behavior in tension. In this paper, a tensile test and analysis procedure is conceptually outlined to characterize HPFRCC by their tensile stress-strain relationship and quantification of cracking. The deformation characteristics of the composite, i.e. the crack formation including number, position, width, and spacing, are monitored and quantified by a digital image analysis process. Based on these material properties, the level of mechanical performance of HPFRCC can be evaluated and compared.


This paper tackles the problem of recognizing characters in images of natural scenes which is a challenging problem that has received significant amount of attention. Recently, many methods have been proposed to design better feature representatives and models for text detection and character recognition. In machine learning, we apply these recently developed large-scale algorithms for learning features automatically from unlabeled data and access the performance of various features based on these methods. Nearest neighbor and SVM classification allow us to construct highly effective classifiers for both detection and recognition, that are to be used in a high accuracy endto-end system that can be far superior to that of commercial Optical Character Recognition systems. Keywords—Bag-of-visual-words; K-means; descriptor; SIFT


We differentiate cutaneous paraneoplasias in facultative such as erythema gyratum repens and obligate such as acrokeratosis paraneoplastica. The latter is also known as Bazex-syndrome. Bazex et al. described the syndrome in 1965 in a patient with a larynx tumor [2]. In 75% of cases Bazex-syndrome develops before the diagnosis of malignancies. Its diagnosis should lead to a detailed search for cancer [3]. Associated tumors are mainly found in pharynx and larynx (48.6%), lungs (17.7%), and esophagus (10.6%) [2].


The clinical features of the pulmonary disease in 8 boys with infantile X‐linked agam‐maglobulinaemia seen at the Royal Children's Hospital between 1958 and 1972 are reviewed. Recurrent pneumonia which was often bilateral, was common. Resolution of these infections was slow and often incomplete in the dependent lobes, and persistent collapse occurred in 7 of the 8 patients. Less efficient clearing of the dependent lobes by cough was the probable cause of the localised distribution of the chronic lung disease. Chronic otitis was common, but chronic sinusitis was not. Regular injections of γ‐globulin did not prevent progressive lung disease.


The master thesis is focused on the social aspects of sustainable development. Health and safety management system, reporting of health and safety management system, social problems, importance of employees and corporate communication, which is part of corporate culture are included in selected social aspects of Sustainable Development. It was performed primary research on the basis of these selected social aspects of Sustainable Development in the chemical industrian concerns in Pardubice region. Results of the primary research are sumed up in the practical part of the thesis. The script of questioning of primary research is for use enclosed like a multilateral insertion of the thesis.


Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the statistics of water transport accidents to identify the most common cause of such accidents and to propose an innovative solution to this problem.   Tasks. The authors investigate the frequency of water transport accidents in 2017–2021; systematize their causes and identify the most common ones; examine the statutory regulation and supervision of water transport; identify its drawbacks and propose an unconventional solution to the problem of regulation and supervision of water transport, which can be considered as innovative.   Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, generalization, visualization, and forecasting to analyze data on water transport accidents in 2017–2021, establish cause-and-effect relationships of accidents, and predict the dynamics of individual indicators.   Results. Data on water transport accidents are grouped, the causes of accidents on river and sea vessels are ranked, and the vector of changes in the accident rate is predicted (adjusted for the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic). The authors propose the idea of combating the main cause of most water accidents – the human factor.   Conclusions. The human factor causes 74% of water transport accidents, and existing methods of supervision and control are not effective enough. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a professional social rating for workers and employees in water transport and its infrastructure. This will make it easier for shipowners to hire personnel, improve control and supervisory procedures and investigation of incidents, and increase the motivation of personnel to perform their duties diligently, while also positively affecting the level of safety and economic efficiency of water transport enterprises and their infrastructure. This proposal seems appropriate in the context of the national project "Digital Economy".


CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY MELLARS, P. A. 1989. Major issues in the emergence of modem humans. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 3°:349-85. MERCIER, N., H. VALLADAS, J. L. JORON, J. L. REYSS, F. LE VEQUE, AND B. VANDERMEERSCH. 1991. Thermolumines cence dating of the late Neanderthal remains from Saint Cesaire. Nature 351:737-39. MESSERI, P. 1975. UResti uID3ni (denti e patti dell/alto inferiorel provenienti da strati rnusteriani in grotta a Marina eli Came rata {Salerno). Atti della XVII Riuru'one Scienti{ica, pp. 171 86. Firenze: Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria. MILES, A. E. w. 1963. The dentition in the assessment of indi vidual age in skeletal material, in Dental anthropology. Ed ited by D. R. Brothwell, pp. 191-209. Oxford: Pergamon Press. MOLNAR, S. 1971. Human tooth wear, tooth function, and cul tural variability. American Journal of Physical Anthropology MUSSI, M., AND D. ZAMPETTI. 1991. Le site mousterien de Grotta Barbara. Quatewaria Nova 1:277-87. os BORN, J. W. 1982. 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HAMMEL, CARL MASON, ARIADNE PRATER, AND ROBERT LUNDY Departments of Demography and Anthropology (Hammell/Department of Demography (Masonl/ International and Area Studies Training Program (Prater), University of California, Berkeley, Calif· 94720/ Dialog Information Systems, Palo Alto, Calif. 94305 (LundYI, U.S.A. 27 IX 94 Professional employment in anthropology is concen trated in academia. Most graduate training in anthropol ogy continues to stress the classical academic career, most aspirants for the doctorate express an intention to enter such careers, and over 80% of professionally active anthropologists are occupied with teaching and research in postsecondary academic milieux. Anthropology has also been dominated by men, both in numbers and pres tige, although in contrast to the situation in some other scientific disciplines, there have always been enough, and enough distinguished, women profeSSionals to allow I. © 1995 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. All rights reserved 0011-3204195/3602-0008$1.00. Our use of the phrase North American in the title means North America north of Mexico, and it should be clear that in numerical tenns events in the United States dominate the analysis.


Migratory politics of different regions of the Russian Federation influences the contin gent of the multicultural schools. Nowadays the number of schools, where more that 15 % of the students do not know Russian well enough to use it for school education, increases tremen dously. Theoretical and practical issues of the methodology of teaching Russian language as second language at schools for foreigners in multicultural (multilingual) classrooms is re quired.


This study investigated whether the concentric muscle action is enhanced by a preceding eccentric muscle action in a stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) and the pre-stretch angle condition can have an effect on jump height during vertical jumping. Twelve subjects randomly performed maximum vertical jump with a countermovement jump(CMJ) and a squat jump(SJ) at different knee angles(30° <60° <90°). Kistler force platform, a Lafayette EMG system and a video motion analysis system synchronized by timing device were used to record(200Hz) the vertical jumping motion. The video film was digitized and kinematic variables were calculated. The integrated EMG activities from gastrocnemius and rectus femoris were collected and normalized with a maximum voluntary contraction. The ground reaction force was normalized to the body weight(BW) The results showed that CMJ with preceding eccentric action led to greater jump height than SJ under 60° and 90° conditions(not 30°). The jump hight was increased as the pre-stretch angles(30° <60° <90°) increased. The maximum VGRF and EI showed no difference between CMJ and SJ, however EI was increased as the pre-strecth angles increased. The IEMG activity was higher during the positive work phase in the stretch-shortening cycle(CMG) than in the pure concentric action(SJ), and this IEMG was increased as the pre-stretch angles increased(30°~ 90 ° ). These results indicated that a greater jump height can be achieved in CMJ than in SJ, however a countermovement does not always induce the stretch- shortening cycle if the range of motion is short and does not allow a sufficient stretching.


Abstract In a complex information environment, Russia's invasion of Ukraine presents a major challenge to the communication of political leaders throughout the world. The objective of this article is to analyse the frames and sentiments used by German chancellor Olaf Scholz, employing a novel data set of his Twitter communication (N = 612) during the Russian invasion of Ukraine between 24 February 2022 and 24 February 2023. A combination of computational text analysis approaches with natural language processing (NLP) techniques was used, including the Valence Aware Dictionary and the sentiment Reasoner (VADER) model for sentiment analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modelling. This research investigates the prevalent frames and emotions in the chancellor's communication, providing valuable insights into the German government's stance and strategic communication during this critical geopolitical event. The results of the study revealed that the chancellor used the frames 'effects of the Ukraine invasion', 'climate & environment', 'solidarity' and 'Russian aggression' and communicated with positive sentiments. By examining the chancellor's Twitter communication, this study contributes to the understanding of political communication in the digital era, particularly in the context of international crises, and offers implications for policymakers, scholars and the broader public.


Firstly, porous anodic aluminum oxide template was prepared by a two-step anodization process, then AgBr nanowire arrays were successfully synthesized by paired cell deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the as-synthesized samples are composed of face-centered AgBr. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows that the average diameter of the nanowire arrays is about 70nm.


The present invention provides an organic light emitting display device. The organic light emitting display device includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in a substantially hexagonal configuration, each sub-pixel comprises an organic light emitting device corresponding to a plurality of organic light emitting devices, wherein the plurality of sub-pixels includes a plurality of light emitting a first color a first sub-pixel, a plurality of third sub-pixels of a plurality of second sub-pixel light emission of the second color light and the third color emitted, wherein the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixels centers of adjacent sub-pixels forming one side of three sides other than the two short sides of the triangle.


Two gas chromatography extraction methods based on liquid-liquid (LLE) and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) were evaluated for analysis of furfural from hemicellulose hydrolysates. Woody biomass was used as renewable resource for furfural production. In this study, autohydrolysis pretreatment was investigated for conversion of xylose and arabinose into furfural at selected ranges of temperatures (180-200°C) and time (5-15 min). The autohydrolysis pretreatment performed at temperature of 200°C and 15 min gives the high furfural content. The maximum pentose and hexose concentration was obtained at 190°C for 10 min reaction time. The results show that the HS-SPME extraction provides better results comparatively with LLE extraction method: no chemicals use; good recovery (95%); relative standard deviation (RSD) value is 7%, showing a good precision of the method; lower detection limits (0.03 µg ml -1 ); all these showing that the method can be applied for


a s we write this column, global and local financial trends threaten to radically alter the world as we know it. Across the Atlantic Ocean, European countries face a debt crisis and the collapse of the euro. Here at home, the federal government amasses unsustainable federal deficits exceeding a trillion dollars per year. State budgets are severely out of balance as tax revenues decline while committed costs, including retiree pension and health benefits, continue to rise. In Massachusetts, for example, some municipal employees who retire after age 55 with at least 10 years of service are eligible for "free" healthcare benefits for life. These trends affect your institution, and healthcare leaders must be prepared to respond. As leaders consider the right course of action, they will find it helpful to understand how the financial world reached its current state. On a Monday morning in March 2008, we woke up to the news that the federal government, by way of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, had arranged an emergency loan to Bear Stearns in hopes of preventing a market crash. It seemed to be an anomaly, reminiscent of the successful 1979 government bailout of Chrysler Corporation. That $1.5 billion government loan guarantee stabilized the too-big-to-fail, Big Three automobile manufacturer. In the 1990s, the government took similar action to rescue the failing savings and loan industry. As spring wore on, it became clear that the Bear Stearns package was not a silver bullet solution. Evidence of the problem continued to pile up, and more government bailouts followed. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac received a weekend bailout from the Federal Reserve and the Treasury, complete with a government guarantee to cover their losses for three years, with no upper limit on the coverage. Two of the Big Three automakers hit bottom and filed for bankruptcy. The prepackaged bankruptcy of General Motors, established in 1908 and once the largest corporation in America, was a sentinel event for all who remembered the expression, "As GM goes, so goes the country." America had led the world into a major recession. Anyone who owned a home, a 401(k) plan, or stock was suddenly a lot poorer, at least on paper. As the freefall continued, the federal government quickly developed and deployed the massive Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), sending some $700 billion in relief funds to


Nowadays, education system in Indonesia requires the use of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in teaching and learning activities in class and in the evaluation processes. Teachers are challenged to create an appropriate learning environment to achieve the target. Yukblajar as one of e-learning platforms provide features that could be used to support the teaching and learning activities in schools. The adoption of Yukblajar in secondary schools means that there are some changes need to be addressed for a successful implementation. An important element in the change management process is the human resources involved. Successful change requires good change management which can be achieved by creating change management strategy. This study aims to create change management strategy based on Prosci ADKAR Model. The model defines five steps for individuals to change, namely awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement. This study consists of three steps, namely identifying the current state of the schools, determining the strategy, and forming a roadmap of the strategy. The roadmap helped stakeholders in monitoring progress of each change management activity. The roadmap is divided into three categories based on the stakeholders involved, namely: school management, representative teachers, and all teachers.


Enzymatic modification of serine and threonine residues on nucleocytoplasmic proteins with a single N‐acetylglucosamine moiety through a ?‐glycosidic linkage (O‐GlcNAc) is a dynamic post‐translational modification. Much like phosphorylation, protein O‐GlcNAcylation is responsive to cell stimuli and can serve to regulate protein function. However, while there are a large number of different kinases and phosphatases, only a single O‐GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O‐GlcNAcase have been identified in mammals. Recently, through a yeast two‐hybrid approach, we have identified Coactivator Associated Arginine Methyltransferase (CARM1) as a putative binding partner with OGT. CARM1 has been shown by other groups to methylate Arg residues of proteins such as p300 and histone H3. Additionally, CARM1 is required for maximal transcriptional activation of nuclear hormone receptor mediated transcription. Furthermore, CARM1, as well as other components of the transcriptional machinery, associates cyclically with the estrogen responsive pS2 promoter. We have recently shown that not only does CARM1 bind OGT, but also it itself is an O‐GlcNAc modified protein. Our data indicate that the O‐GlcNAc processing enzymes also cycle on and off the pS2 promoter and are involved in the transcription regulation at the pS2 promoter.


In his play Dona Beatriz de Silva Tirso employs a number of highly radical theatrical devices and techniques in order to transmit to his Golden Age audiences a clearly defined message: the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. What Tirso does is to draw on his wit and his powers as a playwright to produce a play that is to be performed by actors and in which the spectacular dimension of stage art with its enormous capacity to seduce the audience visually and aurally is put to the service of an idea. It is, consequently, a perfect example of how the art of the theatre can, like the painting, architecture and sculpture of the Spanish Baroque, can function as part of the Counter-Reformation.


Indemnity fees for GPs have risen by 25% in a year, the results of a small survey by the Family Doctor Association have shown.

The organisation sent a snapshot survey to 1000 GPs and received 96 responses. It found that, on average, GPs were paying indemnity fees of £1132 a year for each four hour session that they worked each week. This was a 25% increase on 2014, when GPs paid £869 a session, the association …


The effect of Mg in Ag(Mg)/SiO 2 /Si multilayers on adhesion, agglomeration, and resistivity after annealing in vacuum at 200 to 500 have been investigated. The annealing of Ag(Mg)/SiO 2 /Si multilayers produced surface and interfacial MgO layers, resulting in MgO/Ag(Mg)/MgO/SiO 2 /Si structure. The presence of surface MgO provided the passivation against air, thus leading to the significantly enhanced resistance to agglomeration. In addition, the resistivity of Ag(Mg) film decreased by lowering Mg content and increasing the annealing temperature as well. Furthermore, Ag adhesion to SiO 2 was improved due to the formation of the interfacial MgO layer resulting from the reaction of segregated Mg with SiO 2 . Also, the negligible solubility of Si in Ag prevented the dissolution of free silicon produced from the reaction, Mg + SiO 2 = MgO + Si, which was in contrast with the dissolution of a significant amount of silicon released from the SiO 2 substrate in Cu(Mg)/SiO 2 /Si multilayers after annealing at high temperature, e.g., 400. The dissolved Si in Cu caused the rapid increase in resistivity in Cu(Mg)/SiO 2 /Si.


With the advancements in aircraft gas turbine engine technology over the past decade (in materials, structures, and analytical design methods) along with those anticipated for the next decade, there is renewed interest in the Mach 3.0 to 6.0 operating regime for both commercial transports and military weapon systems. The propulsion systems for these airplanes will in all probability be a function of the flight regime selected for a particular application; i.e., a turbofan engine for Mach<4.0, and a dual mode turboramjet for the Mach 4.0 to 6.0 aircraft. There are a number of component technologies that will have to be developed for the propulsion system before these applications can become a reality. This paper addresses some of the tasks that will have to be accomplished relative to one of those components: the exhaust nozzle system. Introduction The exhaust nozzle system is a unique component which requires integration with the airplane system components (engine, winglbody, inlet) as well as special design considerations for acoustics and off-design point operation in order to optimize the overall system performance. The design requirements for the exhaust system stem from two sources: the airplane and the engine (see Figure 1). Requirement 0 Airplane Sustained supersonic/subsonic operation Propulsion system integration Community noiw regulations Landing WeatherItiW brakes 0 Advanced engine technology Dual mode cycle High exhaust system temperature Figure 1. Factors Affecting Nozzle Design. EWct on nozzle Multiple design points. high WA,, and eiector nozzles Drag and propulsion system performance Acoustic design considerations Thrust reverser Bypau ducWvalw, variable area mixers, and secondary air systems Cooling/materia$ High exhaust system pressure ratios With reference to Figure 1, airplane performance and operational requirements have a direct impact on the exhaust system design. For example: sustained high Mach operation requires high nozzle area ratio capability for best efficiency with the nozzle possibly being an integral part of the airplane; for commercial transports, FAA noise regulations impact engine size and require noise ASIA8 excunion/seals/ st~ctures/~~1uaton suppression and treatment techniques; inletlengine airflow mismatching at transonic speeds may necessitate an ejector nozzle to reduce large spillage drags; and, landing operations may call for a thrust reverser for safety as well as prolonging the life of tires and brakes. Manager, Exhaust Systems & Installed Technology Member AIAA The engine cycle aerothermodynamic and operating characteristics also affect the nozzle design (reference Figure 1). For example: high nozzle pressure ratios again mean high area ratios for high performance; large changes in nozzle area ratio to optimize overall performance will more than likely result in nonaxisymmetric nozzles for Mach 4.0 to 6.0 applications; high tailpipe temperatures require more cooling air andlor different cooling schemes; high pressures in the nozzle will require innovative structural design approaches; and installed performance optimization may necessitate auxiliary air systems requiring ejector nozzles for performance optimization as well as for cooling. In addition, integration between the engine and aircraft companies will be absolutely essential in order to optimize the system (airplanelinletlenginelnozzle) installed performance. This paper will discuss some of the issues and design considerations for the Mach 4.0 to 6.0 aircraft with primary emphasis on turboramjet propulsion systems which utilize a common inlet and exhaust system for both operating modes. Some discussion relative to Mach 3f civil transports which utilize turbofan propulsion systems will also be included. Technical Discussion Expanded Airbreathing Propulsion Corridor The operating envelope for future high Mach aircraft is shown on Figure 2 compared to the regime for current aircraft (shaded area). The area of interest for this paper is Mach 2.5 to 6.0 where advanced technology turbofanlturbojet (Mach <4.0) and turboramjet (4.O


This article explores the intersections of drama and reading, speci fi cally focusing on approaches that are situated within " drama in education. " Supported with a retrospective analysis, this article portrays the research, related practice and possible futures in drama education in relation to literacy and in particular to reading fi ction as meaning making practice. This study is situated in a reassertion of the value of relational literacies through imaginative practices that dramatic modes generate and support. The article disrupts common misconceptions about the purposes and effects of drama in reading and establishes prominent research discourses and de fi nitions across the history of drama and reading practices. By locating paradigmatic and practical opportunities in our analysis of contemporary research, we bring visibility to the intricacies of drama in education as a generative pedagogy in reading as relational meaning making work.


Data exists showing a significant prevalence of mental disorders in the growing elderly population, but indices have a fairly wide range. This study's aim was to analyze the frequency and variants of such disorders of the elderly in geriatrician attendance and their influence on social functioning.


A mark-release-recapture program on a population of Dasyurus hallucatus involved 124 individuals; data were obtained on habitat usage, activity, trappability, sex ratio, numbers known to be alive, survival, reproduction, growth and movements. Breeding was strictly seasonal, pouch young being recorded from July to September. Low sex ratios were brought about by most males leaving their area of birth before the age of 6-7 months. Individual females, by contrast, were trapped for more than 2 years.


The treatment of diabetes with subcutaneous insulin fails to restore the normal physiological insulin gradient across the liver. Thus, people with insulin treated diabetes must contend with high systemic levels of insulin to adequately insulinize the liver. To solve this treatment problem, we sought to preferentially target insulin delivery to the liver by creating an insulin analogue with a multivalent ligand for hepatocyte targeting via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR, a liver-specific receptor). Our lead compound, 1S-insulin, retained ~60% of native insulin stimulatory activity in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrate that, as compared to native insulin, 1S-insulin preferentially increased insulin signaling in the liver, but not in muscle or fat, with no demonstrated difference in systemic activity. We present a promising insulin formulation based on the targeting the ASGP-receptor to allow for liver specific insulin therapy.


Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus identified in 2019, forces cardiology departments to quickly adapt existing clinical guidelines to the new reality, and this is particularly relevant for scheduling patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The article demonstrates how COVID-19 has affected emergency cardiac surgery care.Objective To analyze the features of completed cases of emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (ECABG) and COVID-19 diagnosed during the postoperative period at the Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Hospital no. 1 for the period from May 1, 2020 to February 1, 2021. Material and Methods Completed cases of ECABG have been retrospectively studied. EACS was performed in 145 patients: in 79 people with unstable angina pectoris (NS), in 40 with Q-negative myocardial infarction (MI), in 14 cases with primary Q-positive MI, in 12 patients with recurrent MI. The condition for ECABG was a negative SARS-Cov-2 PCR result and the absence of viral pneumonia by CT. The patients were divided into 2 subgroups. The first one included people with ECABG that were not diagnosed with COVID-19 during postoperative follow-up in the hospital. Subgroup II had patients with ECABG and COVID-19 diagnosed during the hospitalization.Results Contingency tables showed a statistically significant interaction between group membership and mortality, 2.3% (n = 3) in subgroup 1 and 20% (n = 3) in subgroup 2, Pearson's test χ2 = 10.6, p < 0.05. When analyzing survival rate in the EACS + COVID-19 subgroup, it is worth paying attention to the cumulative proportion of survivors, considering the severity of the course of viral pneumonia. The proportion of such patients with CT-4 by the 32nd day of hospital stay was 0.3.Conclusions Mortality rate in the postoperative course after ECABG with COVID-19 is significantly higher. In patients who underwent ECABG and died in the early and late postoperative period from COVID-19, a new coronavirus infection was diagnosed at a later date. In these cases, a considerably longer duration of CPB and a higher level of ferritin were revealed at the time of transference to the observation department. Survival rate in ECABG patients due to primary Q-negative MI is significantly lower in comparison with patients hospitalized for unstable angina.


Retention of students in engineering fields is important to meet the estimated future workforce demand for engineers in the United States. Women are an underrepresented group in engineering. This study was undertaken to compare grades of women and men in a required, upper-level environmental engineering course to assess differences in student performance. Three indicators were chosen to assess course performance: final course grade, final exam grade, and homework completion rates. Comparisons were made between the chosen indicators for averages, standard deviations, and analysis of variance tests. The conclusion was that the performance of men and women were not statistically different for any of the indicators. These findings are consistent with other studies. These findings support the conclusions of other researchers that there are other or additional factors besides grades that cause women to leave engineering majors.


Republic of China (Taiwan) has a long history of foreign aid policy/programs towards Honduras, one of their most consistent and strategic allies in the Central American region. As shifts in Taiwan's foreign policy gradually increased participation of civil actors and number of development projects in Honduras, the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic brought changes to the said aid programs. As a result, Taiwan's foreign aid program to Honduras changed from development projects to the transfer of medical equipment; masks, ventilators, thermal imager, and test kits from Taiwan to Honduras. As per objective of foreign aid in Taiwan's white paper on foreign aid policy, foreign aid is utilized to ensure closeness with Taiwan's diplomatic allies, including Honduras. This study hence is aimed to extensively explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Taiwan's aid to Honduras through qualitative-descriptive means. In the end, uncertainty lingers around the future of Taiwan's diplomatic relations with Honduras and subsequent foreign aid policy limited by their inability to produce vaccines, perhaps showing the weakness of Taiwan's previous shift to value-based aid approaches in times of crisis compared to material aid.


Making use of three historic philosophical thought experiments, this paper blends psychological perspectives with philosophical reasoning to show how social media is corrupting our perception of reality, the result of which is ultimately detrimental to society as a whole. This is accomplished by first using Plato's "Allegory of the Cave" to analyze and discuss the ways in which social media is limiting humanity's access to real knowledge. Next, Michel Foucault's analysis of punishment in its social context, Discipline and Punish, is used to discuss the ways in which social media is adversely affecting our behavior. Finally, Robert Nozick's "Experience Machine" is used to elucidate how social media mediates our experiences of the world in ways that undermine our life's meaning and pleasure. In bringing this combined conception to light, practical suggestions are made throughout both the Objections section and the Conclusion of the paper. Whereas some may view the suggestions put forth as simplistic or undemanding given the seemingly complex substance of the bulk of the paper, given how interweaved social media is within the developed world today, taking a less hard-line position and approach seems far more realistically practical. Thus, this paper espouses a pragmatic view, aiming for practical solutions and focusing on the positive and realistic expected consequences of those solutions, as opposed to less practical, idealistic proposals. SOCIAL MEDIA: ON TECH-CAVES, VIRTUAL PANOPTICISM, AND THE SCIENCE FICTION 3 Social Media: On Tech-Caves, Virtual Panopticism, and the Science Fiction-Like State in Which We Unwittingly Find Ourselves It is a strange and interesting thing, a Vonnegut-like twist, that through the advancement of technology, human beings have limited our existence, confining our realities in meaningful ways. Nearly universally throughout the developed world, a similar phenomenon is occurring each day. We wake up, silence our smart-phone alarms, and shortly thereafter we are on Facebook. Perhaps there is a notification on Twitter, so we check it and peruse for a few more minutes, enjoying the abruptness of the 280character-or-less comments and responses. LinkedIn has a "2" on top of its icon, so that is our next virtual stop. Nearly a half-hour after waking up, a conversation has been had with a friend via Facebook, while a New Yorker article was simultaneously consumed, and our average Joe or Jill has responded to three e-mails, all from the palm of their hand. Human beings are obsessed with our "smart" mobile devices, and more specifically, social media. Every developed nation in the world uses social networking to some capacity, with Facebook, the current behemoth of social media interactivity, registering 2.07 billion active users as of September 30, 2017. i Further, in quarter three of 2016, the Nielsen Company found that 98% of people ages 18-24 in the United States carried and used smart phones regularly, compared to 97% of those ages 25-34, and 96% of those 3544, 89% of those 45-54, 80% of those 55-64, and 68% of those aged 65 and older. ii And we start early. Teenagers (14-17) carry smart phones at an astounding 85% rate, while 69% of those in the 11-13 year old range are carrying the devices, and 31% of those 8-10 years old. iii SOCIAL MEDIA: ON TECH-CAVES, VIRTUAL PANOPTICISM, AND THE SCIENCE FICTION 4 Given the prolific usage of social media and mobile device technologies, it is, as psychologists Metzler and Scheithauer point out, "important to examine the consequences of its usage." iv "Social scientists and psychologists are gathering a wealth of empirical data on these trends," explains Dr. Shannon Vallor of Santa Clara University, "yet philosophical analysis of their ethical implications remains comparatively impoverished." v This impoverishment is fascinating, as social media and mobile technology clearly play a prominent role in our daily lives, and it could thus be assumed, in our perception and development of epistemological (and other) viewpoints. Further, there seems to exist the potential for "these new technologies to significantly affect the manner in which humans pursue the good life," vi which in and of itself would seemingly make such analysis worthwhile, and in fact urgently critical. The argument could certainly be made that advances and changes of this sort in human activity and history are of the greatest importance, as the adoption of social media and new technologies by people across the spectrum of ages will have a prominent and enduring impact on the future of customs, institutions, and a slew of areas far too extensive to list here – in short: humanity as a whole. In this paper, I demonstrate how social media corrupts our understanding of reality, regulating our behavior in such a way that we are made disingenuous, giving us less meaning in our relationships and thereby lives, and encouraging us to seek the wrong sorts of pleasures and experiences, that are divorced from reality. I do so by first using Plato's Allegory of the Cave to analyze and discuss the ways in which social media is limiting humanity's access to real knowledge. Next, I use Michel Foucault's analysis of punishment in its social context, Discipline and Punish, to discuss the ways in which SOCIAL MEDIA: ON TECH-CAVES, VIRTUAL PANOPTICISM, AND THE SCIENCE FICTION 5 social media is adversely affecting our behavior. Finally, I use Robert Nozick's "Experience Machine" to show that social media mediates our experiences of the world in ways that undermine our life's meaning and pleasure – not only would we choose the machine, but to our detriment, in many ways have already made the choice. SOCIAL MEDIA: ON TECH-CAVES, VIRTUAL PANOPTICISM, AND THE SCIENCE FICTION 6 PLATO'S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE: Why parallels that can be drawn between common social media interactivity and practices, and Plato's prisoners in the Cave, should be concerning A mere 2,400 years prior to the advent of social media, in Book VII of The Republic, Plato introduced the Allegory of the Cave, a dialogue between Plato's brother Glaucon and his mentor Socrates. Socrates describes for Glaucon a group of prisoners, chained in a cave, facing a blank wall for the entirety of their lives, constricted in such a way that they are rendered unable to turn their heads or bodies away from it. Upon the wall appear shadows, projections caused by a fire behind the prisoners, and local people playing puppet-masters, carrying objects and representations, "all sorts of artifacts, which project above the wall, and statues of men and other animals wrought from stone, wood, and every kind of material; as is to be expected, some of the carriers utter sounds while others are silent." vii The "puppeteers" are separated from the prisoners by a wall, and they walk behind the wall in such a way that their figures (bodies) are not reflected, "built like the partitions puppet-handlers set in front of the human beings and over which they show the puppets." viii Thus, the projections on the wall and the sounds that the chained unfortunates hear and associate with the shadows become the only reality the prisoners know, and being aware of one another, they name them, as human beings always have (see Figure 1). "'They're like us,' I said. 'For in the first place, do you suppose such men would have seen anything of themselves and one another other than the shadows cast by the fire on the side of the cave facing them?' 'How could they,' he said, 'if they had been compelled to keep their heads motionless throughout life?'" ix Plato goes on to discuss what would happen were one of the prisoners to be released. After adapting to the light, he would realize the power of the sun, as the cause, in a way, of the shadows SOCIAL MEDIA: ON TECH-CAVES, VIRTUAL PANOPTICISM, AND THE SCIENCE FICTION 7 that he had seen before, and eventually, having this new knowledge, would consider his time in the cave, and pity those with whom he had been constrained. Plato concludes the Allegory by explaining that the other prisoners, were the man to descend back into the darkness and return to them, would consider him corrupted, that they would not believe his story or accept his truths. The prisoners within Plato's cave are representative of society, of people who believe knowledge comes from their empirical understanding of the world. For Plato, knowledge comes from justified true belief, from philosophical, reasoned consideration and understanding. The prisoners within the cave are trapped, "Then most certainly, such men would hold that the truth is nothing other than the shadows of artificial things." x The shadows are representative of the perception of those who believe empirical evidence entails knowledge; they are representative of the perceptions of the prisoners (the perception of society). The prisoner who escapes the trap of their misguided perception represents the philosopher, breaking from society and seeking knowledge that comes from outside of their empirical senses and understanding; they represent the search for truth and wisdom. The sun, which provides the escaped prisoner with an understanding beyond that which they could previously observe empirically, signifies truth and Figure 1. Plato's Cave. (Greek Fire, 2017) SOCIAL MEDIA: ON TECH-CAVES, VIRTUAL PANOPTICISM, AND THE SCIENCE FICTION 8 knowledge via reasoning. The escapee's return and subsequent rejection by those who have remained within the cave is representative of society's inherent apprehensiveness towards reason, and preference for that which they empirically believe to be true, even often times despite evidence to the contrary. Socrates makes it clear that for those in the cave, life is two-dimensional, limited to what they see in front of them and can be empirically observed. Modern-day science and technology have made an incredible abundance of information, as well as educational opportunities, available to th


The objective of this research was to find out the infuence of variable of product quality, price, service quality, emotional factor, cost and ease towards simultaneously and partially influenced the customer satisfaction of customer at Toko Kosmetik Candra. The population in this research was all customers of Toko Kosmetik Candra and the samples were 100 customers with the technique sampling was convenience sampling method. The analysis tool used was multiple linear regression. The results of simultaneous analysis (F test) indicated that the variables of product quality (X 1 ), price (X 2 ), service quality (X 3 ), emotional factor (X 4 ) cost and ease towards (X 5 ) had significant influence to customer satisfaction at Toko Kosmetik Candra with significance rate 0,000. Meanwhile, the partial analysis (t-test) showed that the variable of product quality (X 1 ) had significant influence to customer satisfaction, price (X 2 ) had significant influence to customer satisfaction, service quality (X 3 ) had significant influence to customer satisfaction, emotional factor (X 4 ) had significant influence to customer satisfaction, cost and ease towards (X 5 ) had significant influence to customer satisfaction.


A Sun photometer that uses near‐infrared light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as spectrally‐selective photodetectors has measured total column water vapor in South Texas since February 1990. The 12 years of solar noon observations to date are correlated with upper air soundings at Del Rio, Texas (r2 = 0.75), and highly correlated with measurements by a Microtops II filter Sun photometer (r2 = 0.94). LEDs are inexpensive and have far better long term stability than the interference filters in conventional Sun photometers. The LED Sun photometer therefore provides an inexpensive, stable and portable means for measuring column water vapor.


IT IS WIDELY accepted that GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (KRNJEVIC, 1976). GABA is presumed to act by activating chloride ion channels which are linked to GABA receptors (TAKEUCHI, 1976; TICKU & OLSEN, 1977). A number of laboratories have described the binding of GABA to its receptor like sites in vertebrate brain (ZUKIN et ul.. 1974; ENNA & SNYDER, 1975; OLSEN et al., 1978a, b ; WINKLER et al.. 1979). While initially various laboratories provided evidence for a single class of Na+-independent GABA binding sites (ENNA & SNYDER, 1975; OLSEN et al., 1978a), subsequent modification of the synaptic membranes by Triton treatment (ENNA & SNYDER, 1977; WONG & HORNG. 1976). or by freeze-thawing and extensive washing procedures revealed the presence of two classes of binding sites in rat, bovine and human brains (OLSEN et al., 1979). The physiological role of these two classes of binding sites is not known. Strains of mice which exhibit differences in terms of brain enzymes (PRYOR et al.. 1966). alcohol preference (MCCLEARN & RODGERS, 1959), pentobarbital induced sleep times (SIEMENS & CHAN, 1976). susceptibility to audiogenic seizures (KELLOGG. 1976. 1978) spontaneous motor activity (OLIVERIO et al., 1973). and neurotransmitter systems (COLEMAN, 1960; SCHLESINGER et nl., 1965; ARONSTRAM et al., 1979) are potential model systems for studying the pharmacological effects and analyzing the mechanisms of drug action. C57/BL6 and DBA/ZJ mice are examples of such strains. Thus, DBA mice are known to be sensitive to audiogenic seizures in an age dependent fashion, whereas C57 are seizure-resistant (KELLOGG. 1976, 1978). The neuronal mechanisms underlying audiogenic seizure activity are not known, although various neurotransmitter pathways have been implicated (KELLOGG. 1978). Similarly, the mechanisms underlying the selective preference to alcchol by C57 and avoidance by DBA mice is not known (MCCLEARN & RODGERS, 1959). Since GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and its role in seizure activity is well recognized (WOOD. 1975), it is of interest to examine and compare the properties of GABA receptors in these mice strains. It is possible that the differences in the GABA receptor sensitivity may be responsible for some of the observed physiological and behavioral differences in these strains.


It is estimated that 24% of the general adult population is currently suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), affecting 10% of men and 18% of women over 60 years of age in high-income countries. A WHO report predicted that degenerative OA will become the fourth leading cause of disability by 2020.1 This may not only affect the individuals who suffer from the diseases, but will undeniably have an impact on national health systems in social and economic terms.

There is no specific or definitive treatment for the early and late stages of degenerative OA. Weight loss, maintaining moderate levels of exercise and physical rehabilitation approaches (local heat, magnetic therapy and shock waves, among others) are some of the conservative therapies applied. Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, symptomatic slow-acting drugs for OA, corticosteroids, anaesthetics and other local injections have been proposed for the relief of the symptoms before a prosthetic replacement of the damaged joint would finally be carried out at the end of a long road. None of these options have demonstrated high efficacy, and even more importantly can provoke multiple side effects and acute and late morbidities (ie, gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney and cardiac disorders, and so on) which may become serious and even compromise the patient's life.2

The clinical effectiveness of low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) in the range of 0.3–0.7 Gy single dose and 3–10 Gy total dose for pain relief and subsequent improvement of joint functionality has been recognised for several decades. Further, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of LD-RT has been confirmed in several experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo.3–7 The first clinical evidence of its efficacy in non-cancerous osteoarticular disorders dates from the end of the 19th century, although there has traditionally been some resistance for its widespread use due to the fear of its …


Orofacial pain is a major challenge for the clinician treating the patients and the researchers studying the basic mechanisms of pain. The reason for this is mainly due to an interaction between the complex neurophysiology of orofacial pain and the special psychological importance of the trigeminal region. In this article, we will review briefly the basic peripheral and central mechanisms of pain which is necessary in order to appreciate the crucial role of the brain for the perception of pain, including orofacial pain. We will then introduce the brain imaging technique termed positron emission tomography (PET) and discuss the current and possible future role of PET in advancing our basic understanding of pain and its management in the clinical setting. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as »an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage« (1). This definition captures the rich complexity of the pain experience, which includes the sensory capacity to localize and identify the physical characteristics of the painful stimulus, the affective (hedonic) component of unpleasantness that is intrinsic to pain, and the emotional and motivational drive that compels somatomotor action and accompanies autonomic and neuroendocrine responses (2, 3). As might be expected, the neural mechanisms activated by noxious stimuli and mediating pain are complex and distributed widely throughout the nervous system. Although each of the components of pain mentioned above is mediated by specialized neural mechanisms, they interact with one another and with other neural systems in important ways that we are just beginning to discover. For example, the perceived intensity of pain can be strongly influenced by previous experience, conditioning, fear, attention, and by other somatic or visceral stimuli. Recent advances in human brain imaging are just now beginning to reveal the brain structures and pathways that are activated during different types of pain and how the activity in these brain regions is modified in a variety of conditions and by different disease states. By learning how the brain processes neural information to produce the sensation of pain, we may be able to develop more effective means of controlling acute and chronic pain.


The sustainable use of forestry resources has an intrinsic relationship with log yield in sawmills, because the knowledge of this variable can optimize the processed wood production. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the percentage yield in the sawing of Sucupira-Vermelha (Andira parviflora Ducke.) logs in different diameter classes and to adjust mathematical models to estimate processed wood. It was sampled 56 logs with diameters between 31 and 69 cm grouped into 4 diameter classes. Afterwards the sawing was performed obtaining various pieces of wood which were cubed to determine the yielding percentage. The increase in diameter classes provided an increase in sawn wood yield, which showed a significant difference only between the diameter class 1 and the others studied. Twelve mathematical models, 6 linear and 6 nonlinear, were evaluated. The models quality adjustment and selection was based on the highest adjusted determination coefficient (R²adj), lowest estimation standard error (Syx) and variation coefficient (VC%) and, most homogeneous residues graphic distribution. The nonlinear models of single entry (diameter) and double entry (diameter and length) were the most accurate to estimate the sawn wood yield of Sucupira-Vermelha species.


The need for recovering degraded lands and the increased demand for forest products have been raising interest on Brazilian plant species and forest plantation technology. We aimed to evaluate the influence of mini-cutting length, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration and different environments on the propagation of copperpod (Peltophorum dubium). The experiment was conducted in a mini clonal garden at the Silviculture sector of FCA/UFGD. We tested: (1) four mini-cutting lengths (3.0; 4.5; 6.0; and 7.5 cm) in the absence and presence of 2,000 mg L-1 IBA for 100 days; and (2) two environments (shade and full sun) with three doses of IBA (0; 3,000; and 6,000 mg L-1) for 80 days. We evaluated stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, weight of total fresh and dry matter, shoot length, and the Dickson quality index. Data was subjected to analysis of variance and quantitative means were evaluated by regression while qualitative variables were compared by Tukey's test, both at 5% probability. According to the studied parameters of plantlet production, we observed that mini-cuttings 7.5 cm long are the most suitable for vegetative propagation of copperpod, with no need for exogenous application of IBA. Mini-cuttings 6.0 cm long yield plantlets with higher values of the evaluated quality parameters when cultivated in full sun and with exogenous application of 6,000 mg L-1 IBA.


IT IS A COMMON FEATURE OF CRITICISM that the work of dramatists is explored from every conceivable literary angle, while its stage functions are usually neglected. This is particularly unfortunate in the case of John Arden, a writer who, as I hope to show, displays acute awareness in his work of the demands and potentialities of the stage. Ronald Bryden, in a review of "Serjeant Musgrave's Dance" at the Royal Court Theatre, London,l says that "Arden's sources, symbolism and subject-matter have been chewed to jute in learned magazines," and the construction and language of his plays might be added to this irreverent listing, but Arden's use of the stage, it will be noticed, does not figure there, and as far as I have been able to discover, it has not been examined thoroughly. Of the more popular writers on Arden, Ronald Hayman2 and John Russell TaylorS refer to it only in passing, and, surprisingly in a practical man of the theatre, William Gaskill makes no reference to this aspect of Arden's work in an in...


The implantation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been conducted using
 Ag+ ions with energy of 60 keV, achieved fluences 1.5 and 10?1015 ions/cm2.
 Transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and field emission gun - scanning
 electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) showed the existence of nanoparticle clusters.
 X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of silver in
 the sample surface region. The surface topography was studied by atomic
 force microscopy (AFM), while the surface composition uniformity was
 analyzed using phase imaging AFM. Optical characterization obtained by
 spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) showed changes in refractive index,
 extinction coefficient and the optical band gap with the fluence of
 implanted ions.


Four new species—Annulohypoxylon bawanglingense, A. diaoluoshanense, A. guangxiense, and A. sichuanense—are described, and A. maeteangense and A. substygium are recorded as new to China.


Technological advances contribute to the development of any sphere. The sports industry is no exception. The high speed of the Internet, the ability to store large databases, the communication space of social networks, the affordability of smartphones, all this contributes to attracting billions of people not only to watching sports events, but also to the active use of mobile technologies for sports.
The relevance of the study of the possibilities of using mobile technologies in the field of physical culture and sports is due to modern trends in the development of the industry.
The aim of the study is to identify the possibilities of mobile technologies in the field of physical culture and sports on the basis of comparative analysis.
Materials and methods: analysis of scientific, professional and periodical literature, comparative analysis.
The results of the study and their discussion. In the analysis of the possibilities of application of mobile technologies in the field of physical culture and sports, the author considers the characteristics of various sports applications and determines the possibility of their use by Internet users on the basis of mobile devices.
Summary. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the further development and implementation of technologies will have a positive impact on the overall picture of the popularization of sport as such and will provide an opportunity for sports to more people who are limited by such a framework as territorial financial and temporary accessibility.


The autolysis-enzymolysis method was adopted to prepare yeast extract in order to make full use of the waste beer yeast.The key factors influencing the autolysis of waste beer yeast were optimized,including autolysis promoter,autolysis time and enzymolysis time.Results showed that the autolysis-enzymolysis method was suitable for the yeast extract production.Under the optimized conditions,the yields of amino nitrogen,total nitrogen and solid reached 4.30%、8.98% and 59.0%,respectively.Furthermore,the physiochemical characteristics of the achieved yeast extract were investigated.


For arbitrary multiple‐input multiple‐output linear time invariant systems with unknown inputs this article provides sufficient conditions to estimate linear functionals of the state variables. When the unknown input is uniformly bounded these conditions are strictly weaker than the classical conditions for functional unknown input observers, well‐known in the literature, and generalize previous results using discontinuous differentiators. Furthermore, a general methodology is proposed to design functional observers, that are able to estimate the functionals, when possible, exactly and in finite‐time or fixed‐time. Instead of using a cascade of Luenberger observers and high‐order sliding‐mode differentiators, standard in the literature for this problem, a bi‐homogeneous observer of reduced order is proposed in the article. Proofs of the convergence are provided using smooth Lyapunov functions and an academic example illustrates the behavior of the proposed observer for a system not tractable with the available methods.


The effect of Cu/O/Ti interstitials on the visible‐light absorption in Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunctions has been investigated by ab initio methods. The three interstitials are, respectively, doped at the interface of the Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunctions. The Ti interstitial efficiently improves the visible‐light absorption, whereas the O interstitial reduces the visible‐light absorption. An independent characteristic of the visible‐light absorption is found for doping with the Cu interstitial. These phenomena originate from the different concentrations of delocalized electrons induced by the doping atom. The doping with Ti atoms could induce the aggregation of Cu ions, which release more delocalized electrons and so improve the visible‐light absorption in a Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunction.


In many cases, the assessment and analysis of ecological risks is a complicated task, which is first of all related to obtaining reliable initial information. As a rule, ecological risks are due to unrepeated unique situations; from this it follows that sufficient statistical data on whose basis reliable evaluation of specific risks is made, are not available. On the other hand, unfavourable impacts on the external environment can affect the components of an ecosystem differently. The complexity of correlations among the components of an ecosystem significantly complicates an analysis of possible impacts on the components of a specific system. When statistical data are missing or insufficient, experts who perform the required assessment on the basis of their knowledge and experience but often also using their intuition, are the only source of initial data. Here, however, the problem of reliability of expert evaluations arises. If other sources of information are missing, we have to accept subjective evaluations of experts as a basis, without an opportunity to evaluate the degree of their confidence. In this kind of situation, it seems to be validated to introduce the extent of uncertainty into the evaluations of parameters of ecological risks. This can be accomplished by using fuzzy initial evaluations. This paper focuses on the concept of fuzzy random events and shows favourable chances of using that concept in the assessment and analysis of ecological risks.


Our goal is to use the mouse to model the organismal, cellular and molecular factors that affect somatic mutagenesis in vivo. A fundamental tenet of genetic toxicology is that the principles of mutagenesis identified in one system can be used to predict the principles of mutagenesis in another system. The validity of this tenet depends upon the comparability of the systems involved. To begin to achieve an understanding of somatic mutagenesis in vivo, we have been studying mutations that occur in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) gene of lymphocytes of mice. Our in vivo model for somatic mutation allows us to analyse factors that affect somatic mutation. Having chosen the mouse, we are working with cells in which the karyotype is normal, and metabolic and DNA repair capacity are defined by the mouse strain chosen. At the organismal level, we can vary sex, age, the exposure history, and the tissue source of cells analysed. (All studies reported here have, however, used male mice.) At the cellular level, T lymphocytes and their precursors are the targets and reporters of mutation. 26 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.


Fifty years ago ,on 21st May 1927, Charles Lindbergh landed on this very field, Le Bourget, after having made the first non‐stop Atlantic crossing from New York to Paris. Several days earlier, Nungesser and Coli met their tragic end in attempting the flight from Paris to New York, an exploit that Costes and Bellonte succeeded in making only three years later.


Sepsis is a condition in which the body's inflammatory response to an infection is overwhelming and unregulated. Sepsis‐related inflammation can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death. Once diagnosed, most sepsis patients are put on a regimen of antibiotics, especially if a bacterial infection is the suspected cause of sepsis. We proposed that at least some antibiotics may enhance the release of potentially toxic and inflammatory molecules from bacteria. Specifically, we considered several clinically relevant antibiotics and their effect on the release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram‐negative Escherichia coli. We employed ultracentrifugation to purify the OMVs and Western blotting to quantify the OMVs released from E. coli. Preliminary results suggest that, using our methods, some antibiotics enhance the production of OMVs from E. coli.


The type I X-ray burster KS1731-260 and the Ultra Soft X-ray Transient TrA X-1 have been detected for the first time at hard X-ray energies by the coded-mask imaging telescope SIGMA. This paper reports on the SIGMA results discussed in the light of previous observations


In a multicentre double-blind randomized parallel-group study, 78 patients with myologically proven moccasin-type tinea pedis were treated with terbinafine 1% cream or bifonazole 1% cream applied once daily for 2 weeks. The demographic data of both groups were comparable. Of 40 patients treated with terbinafine, the treatment was effective (i.e. mycological and clinical improvement) in 82.5% compared with 63.2% of 38 patients treated with bifonazole (P=0.05, test of proportion). Both creams were well tolerated. We conclude that topical terbinafine 1% cream is superior to bifonazole 1% cream in the treatment of moccasintype tinea pedis.


Anzia Yezierska's complex and radical first novel, Salome of the Tenements (1923), is a text in which authorial subject and style are synergic. This theme-technique interplay has eluded critics who have failed to read the novel as Yezierska's sartorialized response to repressive ideologies and literary aesthetics in American culture. While contemporary scholars have explored Yezierska's feminist and political concerns, they have yet to investigate her intricate artistry with equal fervor. In fact, according to critic Magdalena Zaborowska, Yezierska has not been regarded as a serious writer (181). These views neglect the ways in which Yezierska mobilizes the creative force of clothing in Salome, particularly the aesthetic principles encrypted in the "Sonya Model," the fabulous dress which the title character designs in order to establish emphatically her own artistic style even as she mocks the artificiality and repressiveness of Americanization. Contemporary critics attack Yezierska's novels for, among other alleged flaws, their sentimental prose, melodramatic plots (see Stubbs xvi), and for Yezierska's marginality (Zaborowska 118). Her plot structure is considered "simple, even crude.... Her characters never so much developed as they emerged: full blown archetypes of a culture and often fragments of herself" (Kessler-Harris v). Other reviewers also claim that her narrative resolutions are "artificial" and "unconvincing" (Zaborowska 131), though Yezierska prided herself as the mouthpiece of immigrant realism. Stubbs notes how "genteel critics reacted with uneasy disdain" following the publication of Yezierska's Arrogant Beggar in 1927. She writes that "The New York Tribune accused Yezierska of displaying a "complete and amusing ignorance of gentile minds, and somehow a faint lack of good taste" (vii). Stubbs further suggests that early twentieth-century critics clobbered Yezierska's popular, sentimental realism because it was not modernist. Modernism was associated with high culture, sophistication, formalist innovations, and, quite relevantly, masculinity (xvii). Yezierska strongly objected to modernism's masculinist insistence on form, abstraction, and emotional restraint, and would not adapt her techniques and concerns to the period's literary aesthetics. And, worse still, when later her themes failed to engage the nation's changing consciousness in regard to immigration, her popularity plummeted and the bad reviews never relented (Wilentz "Introduction" xviii). But what Yezierska's critics appear to miss, especially in Salome, is that she seems to have already anticipated a "response" to those unflattering criticisms. By offering the fictive yet pivotal Sonya Model as a categorical statement of her authentic literary aesthetic, she was indirectly yet indelibly defining her novels' creative and critical reference point. In other words, any critical assessments of her immigrant fiction must recognize the author's "form," her literary style and intentions. What obtains in Salome, then, is the case of the emerging, immigrant artist Sonya who is, like Yezierska herself, trying in her first Model/novel to formulate and customize her own, and thereby authentic, sartorial/literary voice. As Yezierska would put it, Sonya is trying to make from herself "a person" in a nation that sought to undermine that effort through its sociopolitical and literary ideologies, a nation in which Yezierska, "as an alien and a Jew ... was not accepted ... as an equal" (Wilentz "Cultural" 39). Salome depicts Sonya's parallel growth processes in her dual but overlapping roles as a Jewish immigrant woman and an artist. In both positions, and under the textual climate of Americanization, Sonya faces the issue of conformity as she tries to actualize as both self and creative artist. As the plot unfolds, Sonya finds that she has to repress herself in order to fit into mainstream American culture and attain her goals. …


Here we describe a two‐photon microscope and laser ablation setup combined with optical tweezers. We tested the setup on the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a commonly used model organism. We show that long‐term imaging can be achieved without significant photo‐bleaching or damage of the sample. The setup can precisely ablate sub‐micrometer structures, such as microtubules and mitotic spindles, inside living cells, which remain viable after the manipulation. Longer exposure times lead to ablation, while shorter exposures lead to photo‐bleaching of the target structure. We used optical tweezers to trap intracellular particles and to displace the cell nucleus. Two‐photon fluorescence imaging of the manipulated cell can be performed simultaneously with trapping. The combination of techniques described here may help to solve a variety of problems in cell biology, such as positioning of organelles and the forces exerted by the cytoskeleton. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Amoxicillin is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children. As a result, it is prescribed as the first line of defence against cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Amoxicillin on the formation of dentin and enamel during the secretory and early phases of mineralization. Regarding the materials and methods used to perform this study, 16 pregnant adult Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups. The first group did not receive the drug and was prescribed a saline solution (control group), and the other group received 250 mg/kg/day of Amoxicillin (experimental group). From the 13th gestational day until delivery, the treatment was given every day by oral gavage. After birth, the newborns also received the same treatment as their mothers from the first day until 7 or 12 days after birth. The newborns were sacrificed at 7 and 12 days postnatally, the jaws were dissected, the maxilla was taken, the samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution, and the upper first molars were analyzed histologically by H & E stain and histomorphometrically by image J to examine the enamel, dentin, ameloblast and odontoblast mean thickness in both groups and each healing periods. The study's results showed that the mean enamel, as well as ameloblastic and odontoblastic layer thickness, were significantly different in the Amoxicillin 250 mg/kg group, compared to the control group. The result also revealed a non-significant group difference in the dentin thickness in both durations (P-value at day 7=0.147 and the P-value at day 12=0.054). Vacuolization of the ameloblastic and odontoblastic layers was observed in the Amoxicillin-treated group in both durations.


The paper is devoted to the theoretical and experimental analysis of an electric circuit consisting of two elements that are described by fractional derivatives of different orders. These elements are designed and performed as RC ladders with properly selected values of resistances and capacitances. Different orders of differentiation lead to the state-space system model, in which each state variable has a different order of fractional derivative. Solutions for such models are presented for three cases of derivative operators: Classical (first-order differentiation), Caputo definition, and Conformable Fractional Derivative (CFD). Using theoretical models, the step responses of the fractional electrical circuit were computed and compared with the measurements of a real electrical system.


Judith Anderson is a Jungian analytical psychotherapist and consultant psychiatrist. She has been a member of IARPP for three years. She has a private psychotherapy practice working with adults and also does medicolegal work, mainly assessing parents in child care proceedings. Lewis Aron, PhD, is the Director of the New York University Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis. Dr Aron was the founding President of the International Association for Relational Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy; President of the Division of Psychoanalysis (39) of the American Psychological Association; and founding President of the Division of Psychologist-Psychoanalysts of the New York State Psychological Association (NYSPA). He has edited a number of books, including (with Frances Sommer Anderson) Relational Perspectives on the Body (TAP, 1998), (with Stephen Mitchell) Relational Psychoanalysis: The Emergence of a Tradition (TAP, 1999) and (with Adrienne Harris) Relational Psychoanalysis, Vol. 2, Innovation & Expansion (TAP, 2005). He is also (with Melanie Suchet and Adrienne Harris) editor of Relational Psychoanalysis, Vol. 3, New Voices. He was one of the founders, and is an associate editor of, Psychoanalytic Dialogues: A Journal of Relational Perspectives and he is the series editor (with Adrienne Harris) of the Relational Perspectives Book Series, published by the Analytic Press. He is in private practice in New York City and in Port Washington, Long Island, NY. William F. Cornell, MA, TSTA, studied behavioral psychology at Reed College in Portland, Oregon and phenomenological psychology at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, PA, following his graduate studies with training in transactional analysis and body-centered psychotherapy. He is editor of the ITAA Script newsletter and co-editor of the Transactional Analysis Journal. He is the editor of The Healer's Bent: Solitude and Dialogue in the Clinical Encounter, a collection of the psychoanalytic writings of James McLaughlin, for which Bill wrote the introduction; with Helena Hargaden he is co-editor and author of From Transactions to Relations: The Emergence of Relational Paradigms in Transactional Analysis published by Haddon Press. Bill maintains an independent private practice of therapy, consultation and training in Pittsburgh, PA and leads frequent training groups in Europe.


SACRED MUSIC FROM THE ERA OF LOUIS XIII Annibal Gantez. Missa "Lae tamini." Serie proposee par Michel Cuvelier. (Cahiers de musique. Patrimoine musical bourguignon.) (Patrimoine musical francais. Collection choeur.) Versailles: Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles, 2009. [Notes biographiques, etc., p. [3-5]; score, p. 7-26. ISMN M560161709, ISBN-13/EAN 9790560161709, pub. no. CAH 170. euro12] Artus Aux-Cousteaux. Magnificat primi toni (1641); Magnificat secundi toni (1641); Magnificat tertii toni (1641); Magnificat quarti toni (1641); Magnificat quinti toni (1641); Magnificat sexti toni (1641); Magnificat septimi toni (1641); Magnificat octavi toni (1641). Edition proposee par Gerard Geay. Restitution du plain-chant: Jean-Yves Hameline. 8 volumes. (Patrimoine musical francais. Collection choeur.) Versailles: Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles, 2009. [Notes biographiques, etc., p. [3-6]; scores, p. 7-12 or 13. ISMN M560161815, ISBN-13/EAN 9790560161815, pub. no. CAH 181 (primi toni); ISMN M560161822, ISBN-13/EAN 0790560161822, pub. no. CAH 182 (secundi toni); ISMN M560161839, ISBN-13/EAN 9790560161839, pub. no. CAH 183 (tertii toni); ISMN M560161846, ISBN-13/EAN 9790560161846, pub. no. CAH 184 (quarti toni); ISMN M560161853, ISBN-13/EAN 0790560161853, pub. no. CAH 185 (quinti toni); ISMN M560161860, ISBN-13/EAN 0790560161860, pub. no. CAH 186 (sexti toni); ISMN M560161877, ISBN-13/EAN 0790560161877, pub. no. CAH 187 (septimi toni); ISMN M560161884, ISBN-13/EAN 0790560161884, pub. no. CAH 188 (octavi toni). Each volume euro9.50] This group of publications by the Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles (CMBV) contributes both to the study and to the performance of sacred music from the time of Louis XIII, a period for which sacred music has not received much scholarly attention until recently. The year 2009 brought two important additions to the collection that is published under the CMBV's Cahiers de musique series, including Annibal Gantez's (1607-ca. 1668) Missa "Lae tamini," and a cycle of Magnificats on the eight Psalm tones by Artus Aux- Cousteaux (ca. 1590-ca. 1654) issued in eight separate volumes. These scores complement earlier publications of works of Antoine Boesset (1586-1643), and Guillaume Bouzignac (ca. 1587-after 1642) in the CMBV Cahiers de musique series, as well as a newly issued large collection of Boesset's sacred works edited by Peter Bennett and published by A-R Editions (Sacred Music, Recent Researches in the Music of the Baroque Era, 164-65 [Middle - ton, WI: A-R Editions, 2010]) all adding substantially to the modest list of modern editions available to the scholar and musician for French sacred music from the early seventeenth century. The nine scores under consideration here contain music for four unaccompanied voices, offering a rich new body of unexplored choral music for collegiate choirs. Annibal Gantez is known to us primarily through his 1643 book L'entretien des mu - siciens (The care of musicians), a delightfully entertaining and informative collection of letters that sheds light on the customs and practices of musicians associated with the maItrises (choir schools) of seventeenth-century France. Recent research has established for the first time Gantez's birth in Marseille in 1607 (Florence Chappee, "Annibal Gantez, auteur de L'entretien des musiciens (1643)," in MaItrises & chapelles aux XVIIe & XVIIIe siecles: Des institutions musicales au service de dieu, ed. Bernard Dompnier, 271-89, Collection Histoires croisees [Clermont- Ferrand: Presses Uni versitaires Blaise- Pascal, 2003]), and also has given evidence that he served at least seventeen maItrises during his peripatetic career, several of them for more than one period of employment. Gantez worked as far south as Toulon and as far north as Le Havre, and served St. Paul and St. Innocents in Paris in the three years before his move to Auxerre in 1643 where he published his book. No manuscripts of this composer have survived, but in 1642 Ballard published two of Gantez's masses, one of which was the Missa "Lae tamini " (Mass of "Rejoicing"). …


Plant growth and yield are strongly influenced by abiotic stresses such as drought,salt and cold.In this article,we cloned the full length of sucrose synthase gene AhSuSyfrom peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.cultivar Huayu33)through RT-PCR method.The expression pattern of AhSuSyin different peanut tissues and under various abiotic stresses were detected with realtime RTPCR.The results showed that AhSuSy was expressed in all the six tissues studied,with higher expression level in the leaves and roots and the lowest level in the flowers.The expression of AhSuSy had no obvious change under cold stress in peanut leaves and roots.However,AhSuSy was induced distinctly in peanut roots during salt and drought conditions.These results suggested that AhSuSy may participate in the salt and drought stress regulation of peanut.The expression of AhSuSy was also induced by exogenous ABA,which indicated that AhSuSy may regulate peanut abiotic stress resistance through ABA-dependent way.


City growth and its resulted environmental issues are promoting a citywide application of sustainable steel structures. However, designers and constructors often hold conflicting perspectives on the sustainable construction of steel structures, which has been identified as a barrier to achieve sustainability in this area. Given that the existing sustainability indicator systems of steel structures are either design-oriented or construction-driven, this study aims to develop a new one by synthesizing both designers' and contractors' opinions in the development of such indicators. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify potential indicators. A questionnaire survey was then used to collect the viewpoints of designers and constructors on the identified indicators. Finally, a fuzzy set algorithm and hierarchical clustering were employed to detect the indicators' relationships. The results present a three-dimensional indicator system composed of social-technical sustainability, greenness, and economic sustainability. Furthermore, it is found that designers and constructors have discrepant opinions on social-technical sustainability and greenness, while their views on economic sustainability are similar. The research findings provide managerial hints to the attainment of sustainable steel structures and enhance stakeholders' understanding of design-and-construction integration in steel structure projects.


Abstract This study examined socioeconomic disparities in changes in adolescent mental health between fall 2019 (pre‐COVID‐19), spring 2020 (initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) phase), and fall 2020 (prevailing COVID‐19 phase). Using data from 1429 adolescents (M age = 17.9) from tertiary vocational schools in the Netherlands with n = 386 participating in all three waves, linear and latent basis growth curve models were assessed and multigroup analyses conducted. Results showed a small but significant decrease in life satisfaction and small but significant increases in emotional problems, peer relationship problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity‐inattention problems. For emotional problems and peer relationship problems, increases between pre‐COVID‐19 and the initial COVID‐19 phase were more pronounced than increases between the initial and prevailing COVID‐19 phase. In contrast, linear decreases were found for life satisfaction and linear increases for conduct problems and hyperactivity‐inattention problems over the course of the study. Mental health patterns were largely comparable for adolescents from families with varying socioeconomic status.


Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are the most common causes of viral vesicular dermatoses of the skin and mucous membranes (1). Tzanck smear is widely used as a bedside test for herpetic skin infections (1–3). It is performed using skin scrapings and traditionally involves Giemsa stain. Depending on the protocol, the multiple steps of staining, fixation, and washing usually require 15–60 min (4–7). Therefore, it is not always practical to perform this very useful test due to time constraints. Methylene blue (MB) is an alternative and available blue dye (4). There are few reports regarding its use for Tzanck testing as a rapid technique (4,8,9); however, to our knowledge, no clinical studies have examined the diagnostic value of MB in the Tzanck smear. In this study, we evaluated the utility of MB in terms of its potential non-inferiority to the conventional Giemsa stain in the diagnosis of herpesvirus skin infections. The study was designed as a cross-sectional analytical study. The protocol was approved by the local institutional review board (No. 674/59) and the trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03178747). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to participation in the study. The inclusion criteria were patients over 18 years of age with suspected HSV and VZV skin lesions. Negative control cases comprised patients with other vesiculobullous eruptions (e.g., acute eczema). Specimens obtained from the lesions were smeared onto 2 different glass slides and allowed to air-dry. Subsequently, 1 slide was stained with MB and the other with Giemsa. MB staining was achieved by putting 2–3 drops of MB solution (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) onto the glass slide. No washing was needed and the cover slip was then placed. Final concentration of MB was 1.4 mg/ml (10). The entire staining process lasted approximately 10–15 s. In contrast, the Giemsa stain was performed using Giemsa solution (Merck KGaA) (11), but the specimen was not fixed. The slide was immersed in the solution and left for


Based on the investigation and analysis of the problems existing in molding process of Kunkel Wagner line that the mold damage rate was high, and there was severe metal-penetration and sand-wash defects on the bottom surface of the casting, the parameters of the molding sand were adjusted, and the moisture and temperature of return sand was kept at 2.1% and 35℃ respectively after treating. As a result, the mold damage rate reduced to less than 2%. It was pointed out that keeping correct and reliable running of the sand mixer and other sand treating equipments is the guarantee to keep the properties of the molding sand to be stable.


The KGO mixing method was developed 40 years ago. Instead of adding the bitumen at the end of the mixing cycle, the bitumen was poured down first together with the larger aggregates. After mixing the bitumen with the larger aggregates, the reamining aggregates were mixed down. As benefits of the KGO method were mentioned improving the workability and shortening the needed compaction time. In this study it was investigated if the KGO method and a longer mixing time could improve the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. To investigate the influence on workability and compactability the indirect tensile strength was determined of gyratory compacted specimens produced with the KGO method and different mixing times. Form the results it can be concluded that a longer mixing time didn't have an effect om both. A modified mixing sequence has a positive influence on the workability and the indirect tensile strength. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London. Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment; Fahe China; Lucobit AG


The persistence of facies the fleeting fossil more gaps than record catastrophic stratigraphy catastrophic uniformitarianism the process of sedimentation Marxist stratigraphy and the golden spike the nature of the control.


: This research includes a study of the ability of Iraqi porcelanite rocks powder to remove the basic Safranine dye from its aqueous process by adsorption. The experiments were carried out at 298Kelvin in order to determine the effect of the starting concentration for Safranin dye, mixing time, pH, and the effect of ionic Strength. The good conditions were perfect for safranine dye adsorption was performed when0.0200g from that adsorbed particles and the removal max percentage was found be 96.86% at 9 mg/L , 20 minutes adsorption time and at PH=8 and in 298 K. The isothermal equilibrum stoichiometric adsorption confirmed, the process data were examined by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption equations at different temperatures (298-338)K.The results of the adsorption were good suited for Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherm more than Temkin. Thermodynamic data found for adsorption processes ΔG 0 , ΔH 0 , ΔS 0 indicates this is the removal step is through the adsorption operations which is spontaneity, exothermic and indicates a decrease in the randomness of that adsorbed dye molecules. Isotherms obtained from the experiments were identical to (S-curve) in form at Giles' discretion.


Crime persists in plaguing society, with most crimes committed by repeat offenders. This causes an increase in the incarcerated population and strains correctional systems. Understanding why individuals who have been incarcerated continue to recidivate remains an important focus for investigation. Psychopathic personality traits and criminogenic thinking have both been shown to predict recidivism. However, there is currently little research that focuses on the relationship between these two risk factors, and no prior research has examined this relationship specifically among incarcerated offenders. To address this gap, the present study examined psychopathy and criminogenic thinking among 399 adult males incarcerated in the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Results indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, increased primary and secondary psychopathy significantly predicted increased overall and particular subtypes of criminogenic thinking. Implications for addressing psychopathic personality characteristics and criminogenic thinking conjointly in prison-based treatment programming to reduce recidivism are discussed.


Introduction: Traditional analysis of evaporite environments have either focused on the geology or the halophilic organisms. It is relatively rare that the two have been combined and even rarer that both disciplines have been incorporated in comparing evaporite sites. The depositional sites vary in pH, temperature and the influence of springs and as a result the mineralogy is variable. Evaporite environments have been identified from as early in Earth's history as the Archean. Planetary scientists use this knowledge for evaluating planetary materials. For example, carbonates and sulfate minerals have been identified from Mars meteorites and from Mars surface by both lander, rover and orbital missions. The Mars Phoenix mission in 2008 found gypsum, a calcium sulfate. An analysis of modern evaporite environments indicate that all possess halophilic tolerant macroand microorganisms, besides being responsible for diverse biogeochemical and metabolic interactions in evaporite environments select mineral surfaces such as chloride and sulfate minerals for as a substrate and are actively involved in the precipitation of some of the minerals such as calcium carbonate In the following paragraphs we will describe this association and address the issue that the existence of some evaporite minerals can be considered potential indicators of extraterrestrial life. Methods: Samples were collected with either 15 or 50 ml sterile polycarbonate tube from a diversity of sites at each geographical locality, Dead Sea, Israel, Storrs Lake, and Mono Lake, California. All samples were obtained at depths from 0.1 0.5 m and kept cold (~ 3° C) until laboratory processing or were preserved in a 5% formalyn solution. Salinity, ion concentrations, molecular data analysis were analyzed; preserved specimens were imaged using and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Acridine Orange (AO) was used to examine microorganisms in biofilms with a Zeiss 510 laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM) (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). For LSCM samples were heat fixed onto a microscope. coated with 2% gelatin in PBS and redryed, and then stained with AO and rinsed with PBS.


The present invention relates to a novel indole-based compound having excellent hole injection and transport capacity, light emission, and other properties, and to an organic electroluminescent device the luminous efficiency, driving voltage, service life, and other characteristics of which are improved due to containing the compound in one or more organic material layers.


The integral indicatrix of light scattering from a {open_quotes}soft{close_quotes} spherical particle is studied as a function of the phase shift. It is shown analytically in the WKB approximation and numerically on the basis of the Mie theory and the WKB approximation that the dependence of the integral indicatrix on the phase shift is similar to that for the factor of light scattering efficiency. Asymptotic expressions for the integral indicatrix are obtained for large diffraction parameters in the limiting cases of small and large phase shifts in the region of small angles. 8 refs., 3 figs.


The distributed capacitance is inherent in the multi-level high-voltage transformer parasitic parameters, which directly affects the circuit performance. According to the generation mechanism of distributed capacitance, through comparing the traditional method of winding and the technology of PCB Diego around, the measured waveform is used to illustrate the influence of distributed capacitance on circuit performance.


processes. So does Siverts, in a paper on ethnic stability in Highland Chiapas, Mexico. Here the Indians are consistently held in a positiou inferior to that of the Ladinos leading a Spanishderived way of life. Yet there is little Ladinoization ; Siverts explains that Indians usually lack assets needed to succeed as Ladinos, so that the Indian identity after all becomes preferable to that of a miserable Ladinoized townsman.


Syn dihydroxyketone motifs are embedded in a wide range of biologically active natural products, however development of stereoselective synthetic methods to assemble these structures has proven a challenging task to date. We report here a highly diastereoselective method for synthesis of complex syn dihydroxyketones from propargylic alcohols, with wide scope for application in natural product synthesis. The reaction sequence involves regioselective cyclisation of propargylic alcohols with incorporation of a triketone to give enol dioxolanes that are then diastereoselectively epoxidised to form unusual spiroepoxide intermediates. Hydrolysis affords syn dihydroxyketones as essentially single diastereomers. The reaction sequence is operationally simple, of wide substrate scope and remarkably can be efficiently carried out as a one-pot process with no loss of overall yield or diastereoselectivity.