The decision of higher education institutions to grade student performance with whole letters or with pluses and minuses has many factors. In particular, student and faculty opinions on tins choice require further study. Faculty at Southern Hanois University Edwardsvilie (SIUE) recently investigated recent opinions by renewing literature and the grading practices of peer institutions, and by surveying both students and faculty at SIUE. The primary findings of the study indicated that 1) an overwhelming majority of students (83%) are satisfied with SIUE's current whole letter grading scale, 2) most faculty (59%) favored a change to plus-minus grades, and 3) students and faculty alike noted that accurate reflection of performance was the most important issue to consider when choosing a grading system. Based on the evidence collected, SIUE chose to retain the whole letter grading system for the time being.The benefits and drawbacks of using a plus-minus grading scale versus a whole letter grading scale has generated a lot of discussion on campuses. Higher education institutions contemplating a switch to plus-minus grades have many factors to consider, including its impact on student motivation, grade point averages, grading accuracy, and faculty /student satisfaction. Although several studies have investigated faculty and student perceptions on plus-minus grades (Baker and Bates, 1999; Fisher, Wells, Wells, Thome, Diebold, Schumacher, & Melching, 2003; Morgan, Tallman, and Williams 2007), varying results of those studies demonstrate a need for further studies on faculty and student opinions.On the campus of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE), faculty investigated if a more-detailed grading protocol might benefit the students and faculty. SIUE, a Carnegie Master's Intensive State Assisted University, serves a population of approximately 14,000 undergraduate, Master's and Doctoral students in the Midwest Currently, faculty assign students whole-letter grades (A, B, C, D, or F) on their transcripts. In the spring of 2011, the SIUE University Curriculum Council charged the Academic Standards and Policies Committee with investigating if there is a demonstrated need to change the current grading system to a plus-minus grading system. The authors of this article formed the committee that conducted this investigation, conducting a review of the literature, reviewing the practices of peer institutions, and surveying the opinions of faculty/ students.The objective of this study was to measure the efficacy of changing from the current whole letter grading system to a plus-minus system. To reach this objective, the authors determined whether student and faculty populations were satisfied with the current whole letter grading system and their perceived benefits of the preferred grading system. A review of SIUE's peer institution grading practices and previous literature were also synthesized to inform the decision.Literature ReviewLiterature about the effects of plus-minus grading is limited Published studies most often use surveys to determine faculty and student support for this grading policy. Faculty and students cite more accurate grades as a benefit of this system, and negative^mpact on grades and a low benefit/cost ratio as downsides (Morgan et aL, 2007). Faculty and students in favor of plus-minus grades cite more accurate grades as a benefit of this system, while those opposed consider a low benefit/cost ratio as a downside (Morgan et al., 2007). In addition, students opposed to plus-minus grading believe it will negatively impact their grades (Morgan et aL 2007). More students oppose plus-minus grading than are for it; faculty are more evenly split (Fisher et aL 2003; Morgan et al. 2007). When given a choice, faculty with higher rank and more years of teaching experience are less likely to adopt plus-minus grading (Malone, Nelson, and Nelson, 2000).Impact on Grade Point Averages (GPA) and Class GradesThe relation between plus-minus grading and student GPA remains inconclusive in the literature. …


The accompanying figure is an original 'World Map of Oceans and Seas,' plotted on one of a series of new equal-area projections (McBryde S3B2). Shown on the map are the areas of the 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), in true size relationships to one another. An equal-area map for such use is preferable to the Mercator conformal projection employed by the U.S. Department of State for its original map, which has been frequently reused, as in the September 1, 1981, 'The Oceanography Report' (David A. Ross, 'Marine Science and the Law of the Sea,' Eos, 62, p.650). This is a common misuse of the invaluable Mercator Navigation Chart. Merely citing its high-latitude exaggerations cannot begin to rectify the enormous scale and size expansions and is no substitute for graphic comparability.


Bioprinting, a computer-aided printing, is an emerging field in tissue engineering. The ability to print biological models from scanned medical images allows customizability in printed construct. Identifying input printing factors that affects dimensions of printed biological construct is important as it enables control over geometry of structure. Biocompatible hydrogel is used in bioprinting to incorporate cells into printing process. In this experiment, a time-pressure dispensing system is used. This article investigatesdifferent factors such as pressure of system, nozzle inner diameter, moving speed, and viscoelastic material that define the dimensions of printed construct. It is identified printed hydrogel achieves finer resolution at higher concentration, faster moving speed, smaller nozzle inner diameter and lower pressure. INTRODUCTION Tissue engineering aims to provide engineering solutions to medical problems. Three elements are present in the field of tissue engineering i) cells ii) biomaterials iii) bioactive factors. Of which, biomaterials provide the structural support for cells to grow and proliferate. Different fabrication methods have been explored to shape biomaterials into support structures for cells. Conventionally, biomaterials are formed through solvent casting, solution casting, electrospinning, etc. A major limitation to these fabrication methods is the inability to control geometry of the printed construct. These structures lack uniform pore size and pore distribution(Ferris, Gilmore, Wallace, & Panhuis, 2013). Thus, in recent years, computer-assisted system has been used to construct defined solid scaffolds for cells to reside in. Additive Manufacturing uses computer-assisted system to print three dimensional physical models layer-by-layer from digital data. AM system allows control over geometry of construct and has been adapted to tissue engineering. With AM technology, solid scaffold has been printed using fused deposition modeling(Tellis et al., 2008), selective laser sintering(Williams et al., 2005), selective laser melting(Fukuda et al., 2011), and stereolithography(Melchels, Feijen, & Grijpma, 2009). Printed solid scaffolds are followed by cell seeding except for metal scaffolds that are directly implanted into patients. One of the challenges to cell seeding is the non-uniformity is cell distribution within the construct. Therefore, an alternative is to incorporate cells into printing system. Several printing methods have been explored to include cells during printing. Cell printing processes can be broadly classified into three categories namely i) extrusion ii) inkjet iii) laserbased techniques(Ozbolat & Yu, 2013). While both inkjet and laser-based printing has reported printing with precision dispensing close to single-cell resolution(Abeyewickreme, Kwok, McEwan, & Jayasinghe, 2009; Guillotin et al., 2010), extrusion-based printing hasthe ability to Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Progress in Additive Manufacturing Edited by Chua Chee Kai, Yeong Wai Yee, Tan Ming Jen and Liu Erjia Copyright © 2014 by Research Publishing Services. ISBN: 978-981-09-0446-3 :: doi:10.3850/978-981-09-0446-3 047 459 Chua Chee Kai, Yeong Wai Yee, Tan Ming Jen and Liu Erjia (Eds.)


It is well known that during the warm season, mesoscale convective system (MCS) activity maximizes during nighttime hours over the central United States. Considerable research has been carried out relating to both the initiation and maintenance of this activity during the night, but the dissipation of these systems has received little attention. It is known to forecasters that these systems usually dissipate during the late morning (the four hours or so before local noon). A smaller percentage of the systems continue on into the afternoon, whereupon they may reintensify owing to increased instability in the boundary layer. The factors that control MCS evolution during this period of the day are not well known; thus, forecasters depend heavily upon trends in system strength from satellite and radar observations, along with their knowledge that in most cases systems dissipate, to make short-term predictions (Hane et al. 2003). The Morning Convection Project, a joint effort among Norman area researchers and personnel at the Norman, Oklahoma and Dodge City, Kansas National Weather Service Offices, was begun a few years ago to better define the scope of this forecast problem and to attempt to identify factors that are important in system evolution. __________________________________ Present affiliation: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.


With 45 years data of jinan(1961-2005) and statistical method,the high temperature space and time characteristics of Jinan are analyzed,conclusions are as follows.


In this paper, we introduce context informed features in a log-linear phrase-based SMT framework; these features enable us to exploit source similarity in addition to target similarity modeled by the language model. We
present a memory-based classification framework that enables the estimation of these features while avoiding
sparseness problems. We evaluate the performance of our approach on Italian-to-English and Chinese-to-English translation tasks using a state-of-the-art phrase-based SMT
system, and report significant improvements for both BLEU and NIST scores when adding the context-informed features.


Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Besides inflicting tremendous human suffering, they also result in huge direct and indirect financial costs on the worldwide society. With the ready availability of affordable therapeutics globally, and the relative lack of newer innovations, lifestyle interventions are gaining importance to further control this epidemic. Low to moderate alcohol intake is consistently and strongly related with lower risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. However, most studies indicate that heavy drinking has a detrimental effect. This paper reviews the effects of alcohol consumption on several cardiovascular diseases.


It is necessary to regulate natural gas industry in China. By learning regulation practical experiences of natural gas industry regulation in foreign mature markets, it presents that the basic direction reforming natural gas industry regulation model should be building up a law system for natural gas industry and a fare supervision system to promote the reform of natural gas pricing mechanism.


We have calculated the dipole moment of CO along the potential energy curve using the pure diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method. Good agreement with coupled cluster singles–doubles calculations has been obtained throughout. An accurate treatment at the equilibrium distance requires a multi-reference trial wave function for which we obtained a dipole moment in accordance with experiment. We discuss the Hellmann–Feynman theorem within the fixed-node approximation in the case of field-dependent smoothly varying nodes. It is shown that the Hellmann–Feynman theorem is applicable to this case due to vanishing boundary contributions. A comparison has been made between the finite field correlated sampling approach and a direct calculation of the expectation value for the dipole moment operator. In the present application both methods perform equally well.


This paper introduce the method of colony image recognition based on image morphological watershed Algorithm.According to the basic characters of colony images,the colony iamges was recogniazed and stated by morphological watershed Algorithm.Quite satisfactory results was Obtained.


Deformation behaviour of low carbon steels under hot rolling service conditions is predicted utilising a combination of isothermic single step deformation test, anisothermic interrupted test and hot rolling simulation performed on torsion plastometer. The stress σ 0.05 at strain level e = 0.05 and the restoring factor f r are proposed to be used for the description of the strengthening / restoring process during repeated deformation. celika tijekom toplog valjanja izracunava se kombinacijom jednokoracnog izotermnog testa na deformaciju, prekinutog testa i simulacije toplog valjanja izvedene na torzionom plastometru. za opis procesa jacanja/ obnavljanja tijekom ponavljanja deformacije predlaže se uporaba naprezanja σ 0.05 na nivou deformacije e = 0.05 i faktora obnavljanja f r . Kljucne rijeci: celici, toplo valjanje, fenomeni dinamike, rekristalizacija i oporavak


Abstract : The primary focus of this project was on the analysis and development of new parallel algorithms for the solution of linear and nonlinear initial/boundary value problems (IBVPs) in two space variables. Parabolic, second order hyperbolic, biharmonic, and Schrodinger type problems were considered. The new algorithms, which are alternating direction implicit (ADI) orthogonal spline collocation (OSC) methods employing C1 piecewise polynomial spaces of arbitrary order, have been implemented and their efficacy was demonstrated on test problems taken from the literature. Rigorous stability and convergence analyses of the methods were also carried out.


For 6 weeks 20 weanling male Wistar rats were given diets with 9 or 18% casein without or with 8% ragi (Eleusine coracana) husk to replace maize starch which made up the rest of the diet. With 9% casein the inclusion of ragi husk in the diet increased weight gain significantly from 70.8 to 102.6 g. The inclusion of ragi husk in the diet with 18% casein did not increase gain significantly. Percentage nitrogen retained tended to be greater when ragi husk was present in the diet with 9% casein but the difference was not significant. Protein content of the carcass of rats given ragi husk was greater than that in control rats given either amount of casein.


The perception of the rural households to environmental issues involved in Cassava processing were investigated. Rural households have a very positive perception to these environmental issues which include: Erosion, Combustion of firewood, Deforestation, Disposal of waste water and Disposal of solid wastes. Some of the environmental issues were found to be beneficial while some others tend to have a negative impact on the rural environments who are the major processors of this commodity. The study was also able to reveal that the households considered environmental issues like Erosion, combustion, Hydro cyanide content of bitter cassava and deforestation of rural forests as major environmental issues which is really affecting the rural environment. Although environmental repercussions have been less severe in some parts of Nigeria, agricultural practices exert pressure on water, air, soil, species and landscape. The new environmental demands will pose new questions for agriculture in order to achieve rationalization gains. The importance of vocational education, entrepreneurship and management skill should increase so as to save the rural environment.


In this paper we investigate the asymptotic properties of the wait-first and jump-first L\'evy walk with rest, which is a generalization of standard jump-first and jump-first L\'evy walk that assumes each waiting time in the model is a sum of two positive random variables. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the theses new-type waiting times. Next we use the previous results of this paper together with continuous mapping approach to establish the main result, which is a functional convergence in Skorokhod $\mathbb{J}_1$ topology for the L\'evy walks with rests.


Overview of basic spectroscopic properties of several crystals belonging to two wide families of compounds is presented. Both the families form tetragonal crystals with layered structure and show certain structural disorder resulting from random distribution of divalent A atoms and trivalent B atoms. After presenting some details concerning the crystal growth and structural investigation, the nature of activator sites in the matrices is discussed. Then, the emission spectra as well as relaxation dynamics of Nd3+, Yb3+, and Tm3+ are analyzed. After that, the basic spectroscopic features of chromium doped crystals are given. In conclusion, suitability of the crystals for the design of tunable lasers is discussed.


Cancer constitutes a major public health problem and one of the most frequent causes of death in the Western world. It has been reported that 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 deaths from cancer are estimated to occur in the United States in 2016 (1). The economic burden of cancer is associated with expenditures including aspects such as prevention, screening and treatment services and the lost productivity due to cancer-related death (2). Furthermore it has been estimated that by 2030, the number of new cases in various types of the disease will reach 23 million per year corresponding to an increase of 70% when compared to relevant data from 2012 (3).


For decades now, aviation industry was looking for possibilities of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of the sector. Sustainable aviation fuels are seen as one of the most viable paths. This study presents the analysis of the current state of sustainable aviation fuels market. It focuses on the SAF place on the aviation fuels market and its potential to compete and in the future replace conventional fossil fuels. In the introduction we present sustainable aviation fuels, their production pathways, characteristics, and potential as a green technology to contribute to greenhouse gas emission reduction. In the next parts, the paper focuses on the market analysis, as well as analysis of the SAF prices and their potential competitiveness on the market. In the final parts, paper present next steps necessary to secure SAF wider implementation.


Kaposi1first grouped mycosis fungoides, lymphodermia perniciosa, sarcomatosis cutis and the real sarcomas of the skin in a class which he called sarcoid. Spiegler2and Max Joseph3did some early work on the subject. Fendt4classed as sarcoid, "tumors of benign prognosis, having only a limited growth, frequently healing with arsenic, composed of groups of round cells, which are circumscribed, divided by septa and encapsulated." Boeck5in 1899 reported as multiple benign sarcoid a new disease of characteristic clinical and histologic appearance. In later articles Boeck6reported a series of cases and added a new type of the disease, the diffuse infiltrating type. The work of Boeck caused many cases to be reported in the European literature but in America the only cases are those of Gottheil,7Pollitzer8and Sutton.9G. H. Fox and Wile10reported an atypical case and


Type of funding sources: None.

  Heart failure (HF) requires follow-up over time and by several different health services. The positive effects of follow-up care in secondary care services is well known. However, there is a lack of knowledge in how HF patients experience continuity of care a through various health care services in secondary and primary care.

 To explore how HF patients experience continuity of care through secondary and primary health care services.

 The study used an inductive design by performing four semi-structured focus group interviews. Overall, 17 patients, mean age of 71 years (range 42-95), 11 men and 6 women, All patients were receiving regular and individual follow-up by cardiac nurses in primary care after hospital discharge The interviews were analysed through qualitative content analysis.

 Gaps in continuity of care were described as challenging. Information about HF at the time of discharge from hospital were not always fully comprehended. Patients experienced physical strain of being lost and abandoned after discharge from hospital. They did not know whom to contact for follow-up.  Appointments with the GP was not agreed or scheduled weeks ahead. Patients appreciated home visit by a cardiac nurse in primary care who provided the patients with knowledge in self-care administration. When experiencing deterioration they could call the cardiac nurse, who could facilitate fast track to the hospital. Self-care was difficult to comprehend, especially for those experiencing comorbidities. Patients also  described the importance of sharing knowledge and experience of living with HF with other patients in a secondary care setting, organized by specialised cardiac nurses.

 There are gaps in continuity in patients' pathways, throughout both secondary and primary healthcare. Even though patients receive information at discharge from hospital, they felt insecure when returning home. Health care services in the primary care provided the patients with both knowledge and confidence as they regularly met the patients, both at home and in organized primary care meetings.


ABSTRACT This study reports some preliminary steps in the development of techniques for simplifying the problem of analysing spatially propagating reactions in anisotropic multi-phase systems. The target situation is combustion in a spark ignition petrol engine; nevertheless the method described has a much broader range of application. Both present and future experimental techniques and C.A.D. methods concerned with spatially resolved combustion data are and will be faced with enormous complexity of detail. This is essentially due to the geometry and dimensionality of the problem of the propagation of in-cylinder combustion. However, many features of interest concern the fundamental structural properties of the burning air/fuel system, such as how far combustion has progressed, how a given burning region is linked to others, how robust are these connections with respect to flow field disturbance. These are the type of issues the formalism is best suited to address. The approach is mainly analytical and th...


This paper discusses the effects of heating temperatures of 200°C, 400°C and 600°C each for 2 hours at a heating rate of 2.5°C/min on concrete with the content of Natural Coarse Aggregates (NCA) partially replaced with Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCA), obtained from demolished building in the ratio of 0%, 15% and 30%.There was an initial drop in strength from 100°C to 200°C which is suspected to be due to the relatively weak interfacial bond between the RCA and the hardened paste within the concrete matrix;a gradual increase in strength continued from 200°C to 450°C and steady drop occurred again as it approached 600°C.With replacement proportion of 0%, 15% and 30% of NCA and exposure to peak temperature of 600°C, a relative concrete strength of 23.6MPa, 25.3MPa and 22.2MPa respectively can be achieved for 28 days curing age. Furthermore, RAC with 15% NCA replacement when exposed to optimum temperature of 450°C yielded high compressive strength comparable to that of control specimen (normal concrete). In addition, for all concrete samples only slight surface hairline cracks were noticed as the temperature approached 400°C. Thus, the RAC demonstrated behavior just like normal concrete and may be considered fit for structural use.


Like a climber scaling a rock face, a migrating cancer cell has to keep a tight grip on the surface but also let go at the right moment to move ahead. [Chan et al.][1] reveal that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) coordinates these processes to permit forward movement.

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The


We tested the responsiveness of measures of hyperalgesia in a model of UVB-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia with remifentanil, gabapentin, and the combination of both drugs in a double-blinded, active placebo-controlled, 4-way-crossover design in 16 volunteers. A circular skin area was irradiated with UVB-light 20 h before the application of gabapentin (600 mg) and 2 h later remifentanil (0.08 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1, 40 min). In the sunburn spots we observed stable decreases of the heat pain perception thresholds (HPPT, mean difference, 4.45°C; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.32°–5.59°) and heat pain tolerance thresholds (HPTT; mean difference, 5.43°C; 95% CI, 4.50°–6.35°) compared with normal skin. Further, large areas of mechanical hyperalgesia to pinprick adjacent to the erythema spots developed in all subjects. Overall remifentanil increased the HPPT (mean increase, 2.47°C; 95% CI, 1.86°–3.09°, P < 0.001) and HPTT (mean increase, 3.18°C; 95% CI, 2.65°–3.71°, P < 0.001) and reduced the area of secondary hyperalgesia by 59% (mean decrease, 5326 mm2; 95% CI, 4233–6419 mm2, P < 0.001) compared with placebo. In the sunburn remifentanil markedly increased the HPTT by 86% compared with normal skin (additional increase, 2.57°C; 95% CI, 1.71°–3.43°). This different effect was not seen in the HPPT. With the exception of a small increase of HPTT in the sunburn (P = 0.02) gabapentin had no noticeable effect on either hyperalgesia. In conclusion, opioid analgesia was reliably demonstrated in this new extended pain model.


In many applied probability models, one is concerned with a sequence {Xn: n > 1} of independent random variables (r.v.'s) with a common distribution function (d.f.), F say. When making statistical inferences within such a model, one frequently must do so on the basis of observations X1, X2,…, XN where the sample size N is a r.v. For example, N might be the number of observations that it was possible to take within a given period of time or within a fixed cost of experimentation. In cases such as these it is not uncommon for statisticians to use fixed-sample-size techniques, even though the random sample size, N, is not independent of the sample. It is therefore important to investigate the operating characteristics of these techniques under random sample sizes. Much work has been done since 1952 on this problem for techniques based on the sum, X1 + … + XN (see, for example, the references in (3)). Also, for techniques based on max(X1, X2, …, XN), results have been obtained independently by Barndorff-Nielsen(2) and Lamperti(9).


Based on the VERICUT numerical simulation software platform,the whole process of the establishment of the component tree and CNC machining center entity,and the setting of the virtual machine parameters were introduced in detail in this paper.The feasibility of the CNC simulation environment was validated by a case of fan workpiece.Furthermore,this NC simulation environment was applied in practical teaching to guide Students' CNC machining experiment,and achieved good results owing to reducing the occurrence of hitting the knife,lowering costs and enhancing the security of the CNC machining experiment.


It has been pointed out in recent years that grid-following and grid-supporting converters are harmful to the stability of the power system, and grid-forming converters (GFM) are becoming to be the most promising grid-connected converters for the integration of renewable energy. Nevertheless, the development of GFM converters challenges the fault analysis of the power system because GFM converters have a totally different fault response with that of the grid-supporting, grid-following converter, and the synchronous generator. The fault modeling of GFM converters is a foundation to overcome this issue, so it should be investigated firstly. However, this topic is rarely discussed in the previous literature. In order to fill this research gap, this paper proposes a fault modelling method for GFM converters based on the dynamic phasor theory. The dynamic phasor model of GFM converters can provide an effective interface to the power system analysis. Thus, the proposed model is outstanding because of its ability to analyze the interaction between converters and the power system in the fault analysis. To verify the correctness of the proposed model, a 12 MVA grid-forming converter is established in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that the proposed model can almost perfectly handle the fault analysis of the grid-forming converter.


The protein content and some enzymatic activities were investigated in 15 samples of venom snake belong to the Viperidae family and 4 to Elapid family. The p...


Pin1, a peptidyl prolyl isomerase, is overexpressed in most types of cancer tissues and plays an important role in oncogenesis. We found that Pin1 increases the transcriptional activity and protein level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the human breast cancer cell line, MCF‐7. Reporter gene analyses showed that Pin1 overexpression increased the reporter activities in cells transfected with reporters containing the VEGF gene promoter or with minimal reporters of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) and hypoxia response element (HRE). VEGF reporter gene activity was significantly inhibited by either hypoxia inducible factor‐α(HIF‐1α) siRNA or AP‐1 decoy ODN. Moreover, the reporter activities of the VEGF promoter, AP‐1 and HRE in Pin1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells were decreased compared with those in wild‐type Pin1 MEF cells. These results imply that Pin1 stimulates VEGF expression by activating HIF‐1ƒÑ and AP‐1, and suggest that Pin1ƒnis a potential therapeutic target of angiogenesis during cancer development.


Economic growth in the industrial sector is still the main goal and an important indicator of the success of regional economic development. The district of Rembang has fluctuated economic growth rate and still low if compared to other districts in the provinces of Central Java. The purpose of this study is to determine the progress of government expenditure allocation of industrial sector and examines its effect on economic growth in the industrial sector in Rembang District. In reviewing the effect of government spending, the analysis conducted with other related variables that is Labor. Data that used are GDRP (Growth Domestic Regional Product), expendeture govermentand labor data in the industrial sector from 2006 to 2014. This data consists of the time series data (2006-2014) and cross section data (14 sub-districts) in Rembang District published by BPS Rembang District. This research used panel data method with Random Effects Model approach. Research results show that government expenditure and amount of labor in the industrial sector have significant positive impact on regional economic growth. Finally, the role of local government through government expenditure to stimulate labor absorption is expected to be able to increasing regional economic activity in order to achieve economic growth and increasing per capita income of people.


Based on the research about infertility experiences of women and demand for in vitro fertilisation treatment in Turkey, this paper discusses how the rhetorical strategies employed by childless women bring meaning to their infertility experience as well as help them attain adult gender identity. It also briefly touches on men's experiences of infertility. The author argues that the prevalent references to the almightiness of God do not indicate religious beliefs alone. Through the instrumental use of religious discourse, these references can be considered the rhetoric of religious belief.


Isothermal decay of the TL glow curve has been studied at ambient temperature. Heating of feldspar at 600ºC leads to increased sensitivity of the samples upon irradiation for the whole range of glow curve. In general, we observe a sensitivity increase of about five times. Fading of the glow curve is observed at the low-temperature part of the glow curve while it has been kept in the dark at the ambient, constant temperature. After a certain period, approximately in 40 to 50 days, the low-temperature region of the glow curve fades down while the high-temperature part remains unchanged. Peaks at the low-temperature region of the TL glow curve were isolated by the curve subtraction method. Activation energy and frequency factor parameters of the isolated peaks were calculated, taking first and second-order kinetics into account. The values of the calculated activation energy vary between 0.7 to 1.1 eV, and frequency factor values of the isolated peaks change within the order of 109 to 1013s-1. The µ values clearly indicate that all isolated peaks are more likely to be second-order kinetics.


In order to solve the problems of thermal fatigue, high temperature
 gasification and low temperature solidification of the heat receiver, a
 numerical calculation model for the heat transfer function of the tower type
 solar thermal power gener?ation high temperature receiver is proposed. A
 perfect analysis method is used for the simulation, and a thermal simulation
 program for predicting the heat gain of the solar thermal energy tower is
 compiled. In this paper, considering the various field connection
 characteristics, numerical value and distribution of convective heat
 transfer coefficient of the heat absorption medium, the temperature of the
 outer wall of the heat pipe absorption, and the thermal image conversion
 work in a non-uniform heat flow boundary area of a model of heat receiver
 was studied. The experiments show that when the flow rate of molten salt in
 the tube increases from 1 m/s to 2 m/s, the heat collection efficiency of
 the heat collection increases rapid?ly, while the flow time is more 3 m/s,
 the heat collection efficiency increases more gradually. The efficiency of
 heat absorption of the heat receiver is in the middle of the heat receiver,
 which can achieve 88 of the thermal image conversion. In the same large
 enough value, the heat collected at the inlet and outlet of the heat sink is
 about 82. It is clear that the numerical simulation provides a reliable
 basis for the design engineering, and provide guidance for the design of a
 full control model of tower solar photovoltaic power generation.


Cyberattack emerges as a critical concern in Internet-of-Things integrated power systems. Cybersecurity capabilities of power systems rely on a deep understanding of potential cyberattacks for identifying and protecting against cyber vulnerabilities. The common assumption of system network information in most existing works is suspicious, which fails to hold in practical fields. This paper proposes a novel data-driven false data injection attack method, where only easily accessible measurement data are required, i.e., power injections at buses, flows of lines and the tie line information (connection relationship and power measurement data). In the proposed method, generative adversarial network (GAN) is adopted to extract the physical model using historical measurement data, and a self-attention mechanism is integrated to further capture the power flow laws in the data. After offline training, the effective false data can be constructed in a timely fashion without system network information. The effectiveness of the proposed attack method is validated using the IEEE14 and IEEE118 systems, in which the constructed false data injection attack can evade the system residual detection with an average success rate over 90% under different levels of measuring errors.


Summary In this research, we create set of crack samples with different crack density. The samples are constructed base on Hudson model's assumption, homogeneous solid matrix contain aligned penny shape discs with low velocity. P- and S- wave velocity in parallel direction and perpendicular direction are measured with transmission method in ultrasonic measurement equipment. Theoretical velocities are calculated by parameters of solid matrix and cracks base on Hudson model. Theoretical and experimental results show that measured P wave velocities are basically agree with theoretical predications in parallel direction, otherwise lower than theoretical predictions in perpendicular direction. The measurement results of P wave anisotropy is lower than theoretical predication, the second order of theoretical prediction is more close to measurement results. The experiment results of fast shear wave are higher than theoretical calculation, otherwise the measurement results of slow shear wave are basically agree with the theoretical prediction. Theoretical calculated shear wave anisotropy is lower than experiment measurement results.


In this paper, we propose a Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimator for a Hearing Aid System (HAS) which can connect to a wireless microphone worn by a target talker. The wireless microphone "informs" the HAS about the almost noise-free content of the target sound, and the proposed DoA estimator uses the knowledge of the noise-free target sound and the received microphone signals to estimate the DoA via a maximum likelihood approach. Moreover, the proposed DoA estimator resorts to a user-independent spherical-head model to consider the acoustic impacts of the head on the received signals at the HAS. Further, the proposed DoA estimator uses an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) technique to evaluate the likelihood function computationally efficiently. We assessed the performance of the proposed estimator for various DoAs, Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs), and target distances in different noisy and reverberant situations. The proposed estimator improves the performance markedly over other recently proposed "informed" DoA estimators.


Use-based privacy restricts how information may be used, making it well-suited for data collection and data analysis applications in networked information systems. This work investigates the feasibility of enforcing use-based privacy in distributed systems with adversarial service providers. Three architectures that use Intel-SGX are explored: source-based monitoring, delegated monitoring, and inline monitoring. Trade-offs are explored between deployability, performance, and privacy. Source-based monitoring imposes no burden on application developers and supports legacy applications, but 35-62% latency overhead was observed for simple applications. Delegated monitoring offers the best performance against malicious adversaries, whereas inline monitoring provides performance improvements (0-14% latency overhead compared to a baseline application) in an attenuated threat model. These results provide evidence that use-based privacy might be feasible in distributed systems with active adversaries, but the appropriate architecture will depend on the type of application.


To overcome the limitations of the conventional motion tracking and localisation methods: environmental constraints of the infra-based approaches and long-term inaccuracy of the wearable sensor-based approaches, an algorithm for simultaneous motion tracking and localisation (SMaL) of a person, namely multiple inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based SMaL (MIbS), is proposed. A filtering method for the multiple IMUs/depth camera integration (MDI) is also proposed to add long-term localisation accuracy to the MIbS. The performance of the proposed MIbS and MDI is verified experimentally. The experimental results show that the proposed MIbS can track the motion of the person with the wearable sensor system accurately, and can localise the person on the local coordinate frame of the testbed. The encouraging fact is that the localisation errors caused by the MIbS grow slowly with time. Also, the growing localisation errors can be compensated by the MDI.


This article presents materials of research devoted to the reflection in the means of world philately of the questions concerning the practical activity of the "Ambulance" service and special medical land transport, the history of their creation and use in different countries of the world. It gives a selection of philatelic materials, representing the involvement of special vehicles in the medical care: horse-drawn carriages, wagons, cars of different designs and different years of operation, special ambulances.


Abstract Objective: To investigate whether children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) have altered control of masticatory muscles. Methods: The muscular activity of 66 children with CLP (n = 33) and without CLP (n = 33), aged 6–12 years was assessed during different tasks (rest, isometry, mastication) using electromyography. Results: The activation for the analyzed muscles was higher in children with CLP at rest (R) and inactive period (IP) (p < 0.05). The muscles of children with CLP remained active for longer than those without CLP (p < 0.05), and the length of the masticatory cycle was higher in children with CLP (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Children with CLP have longer muscle activation and increased cycle time during the chewing cycle, which might be a consequence of malocclusion, resulting in difficulty chewing.


Objective: To investigate the clinical features and treatment program of giant cell tumor of limbs with pathological fractures. Methods: A total of 86 cases patients with giant cell tumor of limbs and pathological fractures were treated in our hospital from April 2007 to April 2013 were selected. The main clinical features and reasonable treatment method of this disease were analyzed. Results: In the 86 patients with giant cell tumor of limbs and pathological fractures, age mainly in the 30 to 39 years old, the most common site is the distal femur. Through the clinical surgery, the presence of intracapsular curettage in 5 cases of patients with recurrent, large pieces of tumor resection surgery in patients with no recurrence of the situation, but there are 17 patients had postoperative prosthesis-related complications. Tumor resection prosthesis replacement patients MSTS score was (21.7±4.2) points, other reconstruction patients MSTS score was (22.3±4.3) points. Conclusion: Pathologic fracture limb long bone in patients with giant cell tumor of limbs is common in distal femur. The large pieces of tumor resection surgery and intracapsular curettage are the main treatment.


The hypothesis that job-housing spatial balance influencing the journey to work has been studied in the west countries for half a century,while domestic te- search findings in China are few.Using the experience abroad for reference,an in- dicator is built to measure the job-housing spatial balance in Shanghai.The calcula- tions demonstrate that the job-housing spatial imbalance is getting more and more intense.Concretely,core districts are principally characterized by jobs in the tertiary sector;the periphery districts of the central city and the nearby suburban districts are dominated by residence,and in the outer suburban districts jobs in the sec- ondary sector are more important than residence.The job-housing spatial imbalance results further in the growth of commute travel and the rise of average commute distance and commute time.From the findings above the current urban policies in Shanghai are reviewed and several enlightenments including mixed land use are drawn to strengthen the job-housing spatial balance.


This survey examines the practice patterns of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when recommending thickened liquids as part of dysphagia management. It also surveys SLPs' knowledge and learning methods about thickening agents and factors contributing to quality control in service delivery such as staff instruction and familiarity with measurement tools to verify level of texture consistency.

 The electronic survey was posted to the community groups for SLP Health Care and Special Interest Group 13 Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association given that their members included professionals with interest and experience in dysphagia management.

 A total of 246 SLPs, primarily with an adult emphasis in dysphagia management, provided survey responses. Respondents generally viewed the use of thickened liquids as a short-term intervention and self-reported that nectar-like (mildly thick) represented their most recommended level of texture modification. Although SLPs' perceived knowledge about thickening agents varied greatly, the majority selected response options that implied a level of understanding for effective interactions with basic care staff or nutrition professionals. Findings highlight a continued reliance on instant thickening products even though staff instruction about preparation remains inconsistent.

 Quality control concerns persist, including SLPs' limited familiarity and use of measurement tools for characterizing beverage consistency. Outcomes support standardized practices, including professional education activities for SLPs to learn about thickening products, the thickening process, and to educate/instruct in the preparation of thickened liquids for enhancing the nutritional care of individuals who consume them.


The main research question to be answered in this thesis is: "To what extent can the proposal for a Dublin IV Regulation succeed at reducing non-compliance on the part of the Greek state?" In order to answer this question, data will be drawn on from various sources like reports by NGOs and EU institutions, as well academic work surrounding non-compliance by Member States, and Dublin III and IV. The academic work will further help understanding the causes of non-compliance, and allow for a more general background on this topic that can help assess how the changes in Dublin IV will affect non-compliance.
 The study's purpose is to contribute to a growing pool of academic knowledge that can aid policy makers in constructing new policies that help deal with the massive recent and future influx of asylum seekers. Additionally, once the development of non-compliance among Member States under Dublin IV can be observed, it will show which of theories used in this thesis were applicable to this situation, allowing policy makers to see what are useful indicators of non-compliance in EU asylum policy, and to construct more effective measures to prevent it.


Providing active learning exercises to supplement passive learning activities such as lecture achieves positive educational results. The use of practicum experiences in junior-senior level computer...


Raw material was smashed into 100 eyesand,and then dried for 1.5hours at 300℃ under sealing condition The trace lead in hei-bing-pian the Mongolian medicine was determined by polarigraphic analysis method with orthogonality experiment method.The major factor to affect the lead content is the drying temperature.


Following the same approach as for the recently developed GALACTIC Vlasov solver in the transverse plane and taking into account the potential-well distortion, a new Vlasov solver, called GALACLIC, was developed for the longitudinal plane. In parallel, a new mode analysis was implemented for the post-processing of the results obtained through macroparticle tracking simulations. The results of the several benchmarks performed between the two methods are presented.


The consumption and investment of private capital have become the important engines of the economic development in China. But the objective reality faced by private capital is on the one hand the residential consumption rate lingers at a low level and on the other hand the private investment is far from active. How to change this satiation is a big challenge to our government. In this paper, the authors put forward some suggestions for the government's policy making including improving institution construction and financial innovation.


PURPOSE: The purpose is to explore the basic assumptions for innovating the Danish railway operator?s historic business model in an unprecedented institutional crisis. METHOD: A management survey collects 22,729 responses from 368 managers (80% of the managers in the Danish railways with average seniority of 15 years) to explore these basic assumptions to specify the areas of leadership that have a significant impact on facilitating innovation of business models in times of crisis. RESULTS: Successful leadership in a crisis depends on the articulation of the basic assumptions and challenges for the development of the current business model. It is not enough to make goals for the future, as the related challenges should also be articulated. A core task for strengthening the development in the railway sector is to prioritize new infrastructure projects to innovate the existing railway operations gradually, rather than starting new business ventures. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Management studies in times of crisis are rare. Furthermore, the causes of the institutional crisis in the Danish railway sector have until now not been studied from a management perspective based on the managers? understanding of the factors affecting the innovation management of a business model in crisis. The doctoral thesis identifies some emerging areas of cognitive leadership that have not yet received sufficient attention in the literature on business models, but nonetheless the company managers believe that the areas of cognitive leadership have a significant impact on the survival of the organization and its future success.


SUMMARY The lesbian and bisexual women'S electronic mailing lists of the Internet have created electronic lesbian and bisexual spaces which simultaneously reflect and yet differ from real-time lesbian spaces. This paper summarizes data collected in a 1995-96 survey in which over 100 subscribers of the lesbian and bisexual women'S mailing lists answered both qualitative and quantitative questions about the interface between their on-line and real-time lives. As is reported in this paper, many of the survey respondents sought lesbian and bisexual online spaces where they could avoid men and heterosexuals but, in order to do so, had to negotiate the sometimes-difficult terrain of electronic co-existence with a diverse group of lesbians and/or bisexuals. This diversity caused difficulties for some survey respondents which mirrored many of the difficulties of their real-time lives. Yet, the impetus was also planted for the development of identity-specific electronic mailing lists where like-minded lesbians and/or bisexuals could enjoy affirming communication and interaction.


The present invention is directed to a method for providing data element placement in a storage system via a Dynamic Storage Tiering (DST) mechanism, such that improved system efficiency is promoted. For example, the DST mechanism may implement an algorithm for providing data element placement. The data elements (ex.-virtual volume hot-spots) may be placed into storage pools, such that usage of higher performing storage pools is maximized. Hot-spots may be detected by dynamically measuring load on LBA ranges. Performance of the storage pools may be measured on an ongoing basis. Further, the hot-spots may be ranked according to load, while storage pools may be ranked according to measured performance. If a hot-spot's load decreases, the hot-spot may be moved to a lower performing storage pool. If a hot-spot's load increases, the hot-spot may be moved to a higher performing storage pool.


Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences. Edited by E. R. A. SELIGMAN, ALVIN JOHNSON and others. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1930 et seq. Vols. I-IX; A-Mac. IN recent years there have been attempts to secure co-operation in the study of the subjects known collectively as "the social sciences". In some universities these subjects have been grouped under one department. This movement has been particularly noticeable in the United States, where there has been founded the Social Science P•esearch Council, which has been assisting research by young scholars, and for some years published the Social science abstracts. The work under review is a further, and a very interesting experiment --if it can indeed be called an experiment--in this field. It is explained in the preface that the Encyclopaedia is the result of discussions and investigations which began in 1023 on the general problem of co-operation in the social sciences. Finally ten societies in the United States agreed to unite in producing such a work, and asked Prq[essor Seligman to act as editor-in-chief. In addition to the editor and associate editor, an imposing array of advisory and consulting editors was secured, scholars who represent various countries, including Canada. Nine, out of a total of fifteen volumes have now appeared, and it therefore becomes possible to examine the scope of the work and to estimate its value for students of Canadian history. More than ha.!f of the first volume consists of an introduction, which is divided into two sections: "The development of social thought and institutions", and "The social sciences as disciplines". The first of these opens with an explanation by the editor-in-chief of what is meant by the term "social sciences". The "purely social sciences" are: politics, economics, history, jurisprudence, anthropology, penology, and sociology. The "semi-social sciences" are: ethics, education, philosophy, and psychology. The sciences "with recognized social implications" are: biology, geography, medicine, linguistics, and art. The remainder of the first part of the introduction consists of a series of essays, by distinguished authorities, on eleven historiqal periods. The somewhat mysteriously named second part of the int?oduction discusses the place of the social sciences in individual countries.


Upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, protein kinase G (PknG), a eukaryotic‐type serine‐threonine protein kinase (STPK), is secreted into host macrophages to promote intracellular survival of the pathogen. However, the mechanisms underlying this PknG–host interaction remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PknG serves both as a ubiquitin‐activating enzyme (E1) and a ubiquitin ligase (E3) to trigger the ubiquitination and degradation of tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1), thereby inhibiting the activation of NF‐κB signaling and host innate responses. PknG promotes the attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to the ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (E2) UbcH7 via an isopeptide bond (UbcH7 K82‐Ub), rather than the usual C86‐Ub thiol‐ester bond. PknG induces the discharge of Ub from UbcH7 by acting as an isopeptidase, before attaching Ub to its substrates. These results demonstrate that PknG acts as an unusual ubiquitinating enzyme to remove key components of the innate immunity system, thus providing a potential target for tuberculosis treatment.


Planetary embryos grow by the accretion of solid dust-material, ranging from cm- to m-sized pebbles up to km-sized planetesimals. However, the underlying size-distribution of the accreted material is poorly understood. When the pebbles and planetesimals encounter a protoplanet, they are subjected to the gaseous environment of the protoplanetary envelope. Because of the drag-force from the gas, the pebble- and the planetesimal-trajectories change significantly from their initial Keplerian orbits, and so does the evolution of their surface temperatures and the ablation rates. It is consequently of interest to track the evolution for a large range of particle sizes that encounter protoplanets, from small pebbles to large planetesimals. Depending on which particle size is responsible for the growth of protoplanets, and the corresponding thermal evolution and ablation, the protoplanetary core and its envelope will evolve differently. If all the accreted particles are ablated, we expect the envelopes of protoplanets to be polluted and with less massive cores. On the other hand, if the ablation is inefficient, protoplanetary cores are expected to grow efficiently. Effectively, the form in which material is accreted sets constraints on protoplanetary interior and atmospheric evolution models.

In this project, I study the evolution of both pebbles and planetesimals that encounter a protoplanet. This is done by simulating the trajectories of the in-falling solids in the protoplanetary envelope while tracing their thermal evolution, dynamical pressure, and ablation. The mass loss of the particles is further related to the accretion rates onto protoplanets of different mass, where both the solid and the ablated mass are accounted for.

From the results, I can conclude that pebbles are efficiently ablated above protoplanetary cores with masses of 0.5 M_\oplus. Small planetesimals, between 10^3-10^4 cm in size, are fully ablated for core masses about 1-5 M_\oplus. For sizes of 10^5-10^6 cm, the core masses have to reach between 5-10 M_\oplus. Finally, for planetesimals on the order of 10^7-10^8 cm, several tenths of Earth-masses are required to fully ablate the impactors. This means that if protoplanets grow predominantly by pebble accretion, they grow into, so called, vapour-blobs, already at 0.5 M_\oplus. The evolution of the protoplanetary interior structure and the pollution of the envelope and its chemical composition is consequently determined by the internal gas-flows, dust settling, and the interchange of material between the envelope and the protoplanetary disc.

I also find that the latent heat is cooling the surface of the impactors efficiently, limiting the ablation rates. Planetesimals, that have a large reservoir of volatiles, can remain cold as they pass through the envelope by only ablating a small fraction of their total mass. I further find that the sum of the accreted solid mass and the ablated material follows the classical core accretion model, where no ablation of the particles is included. Thus, the results obtained in classical core accretion simulations are in the larger picture unaffected by ablation.


As the quality of most water sources and the environment continue to deteriorate, the public is increasingly concerned about the issues of sustainability. To combat this, strict policies and legislations are being placed to enable the treatment of wastewaters before discharging and possibly reusing it.  Animal slaughterhouses have proven to be important sources of wastewater with high levels of organics such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), fats and proteins. Discharging wastewater without any form of treatment into receiving water bodies has shown to contaminant water sources and as well to be detrimental to aquatic animals. Anaerobic processes have been proposed as a good alternative for the treatment of wastewaters with high or medium organic loads. The production of biogas through anaerobic digestion offers substantial advantages over other biological methods of waste treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of process operational parameters on the performance of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB). The reactor was used for the treatment of a synthetic wastewater which was synthesised to emulate that obtainable from a slaughterhouse. Organic loading rate (OLR) was increased by varying the hydraulic retention times (HRT) from 8−16 hours. The temperature of the reactor was maintained at a constant 35 ̊C while the pH was varied from 6.5 to 7.5. The result of the work indicated an optimum OLR of 4.5−7.5 kgCOD.m-3.d-1 and an optimum COD of 75−86%. Similarly, a biogas yield of 2850 ml/day was found to be the highest at a HRT of 12 hours at the optimum OLR. At the highest OLR, flotation occurred and consequently the active biomass was washed out from the reactor. The results indicated that anaerobic treatment systems are applicable to the treatment of wastewaters with high levels of organics.


The identification of a genetically transmissible form of epilepsy that is associated with a mutation in CHRNA4, the gene that encodes the α4 subunit of the high-affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, was the first demonstration that an alteration in a ligand-gated ion channel can cause seizures. Since then, nine mutations have been found, and analysis of their physiologic properties has revealed that all of them enhance receptor function.


The invention discloses a charger provided with telescopic data cables. The charger comprises a charger body, a first telescopic cable, a first charging data adapter, a second telescopic cable, a second charging data adapter and a battery power display screen, wherein the first telescopic cable is arranged on one side of the charger body and connected with the first charging data adapter, the second telescopic cable is arranged on the other side of the charger body and connected with the second charging data adapter, and the battery power display screen is arranged at the upper end of the charger body. With the adoption of the scheme, the charger can be applicable to multiple audio devices such as a mobile phone, a DV camera, a digital camera, a tablet personal computer and the like and can bring convenience to life.


Residual materials generated in petroleum exploration, production, transportation, refining, and marketing operations often can be managed effectively by transferring materials within those operations and utilizing existing processing capabilities, thereby limiting costs and liabilities associated with offsite disposal. Examples of materials successfully transferred include pipeline transmix, hydrotest water, non-hazardous oily soils/sludges, caustic solutions, and off-spec product. The basic steps in developing an integrated waste management system include: (1) identifying business units to be involved in the system, (2) conducting an inventory of residual streams from the different business units, (3) identifying the processing capabilities of each business unit, (4) matching residual streams with the most cost-effective processing capabilities, (5) resolving business and regulatory issues relevant to the proposed residual material transfers, and (6) implementing the projects. In the paper, the development of an integrated waste management cooperative between ARCO`s California refining, marketing, transportation, and production operations will be discussed as an example.


Out crossing experiment of Populus alba Linn.,Ulmus pumila Linn.,Populus alba var.Pyramidalis Bunge,P.×Yinyu(Populus alba Linn.×Ulmus pumila Linn.)were conducted.The results indicated that: By using techniques of pollen inducement and puerile ovary culture,the out crossing barrier could be conquered and hybrids of Populus alba Linn.×Ulmus pumila Linn.were ibtaubed.In addition,Populus alba Linn.×(Populus alba Linn.×Ulmus pumila Linn.) and Populus alba Linn.×Populus bolleana Lauche were succeeded.The results of Populus alba Linn.×Populus bolleana Lauche were better.Mature seeds of Populus alba Linn.×P.×Yinyu were a few,which only accounted for 25% of the total,germination rate of the mature seeds was 66.7%.Seedlings of Populus alba Linn.×P.×Yinyu died because they were too weak.These indicated that pollens of P.×Yinyu is vital,but it was weak.The results of AFLP and phenotype marker indicated that P.×Yinyu was more similar to female parent.But P.×Yinyu bloomed early,its twigs are slim and fragile,no hair on its leaf back,and it was androgynous,all of them were similar to Ulmus pumila Linn.It is true that P.×Yinyu contains genes of Ulmus pumila Linn.


An autopsy case of postirradiation sarcoma is described. The tumor, a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, occurred in the radiation fied 7 years after postoperative external beam radiation therapy (6000 rad) for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. To our knowledge, 11 cases of postirradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma have been reported in the literature and only one occurrence of this neoplasm after treatment for cervical cancer has been described. We review the literature on postirradiation sarcoma with special attention to malignant fibrous histiocytoma.


were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial, with the factors being MOS (0 or 0.05%) and BMD (0 or 33 ppm). A Basal sorghum-SBM diet was formulated to meet the NRC 1998 standards for swine, and had no addition of pharmacological levels of cooper sulfate. The trial was conducted for 63 days during the summer (av. temperature 29.7°C, and relative humidity 62%). Results were analyzed with the General Linear Model of SPSS, and means were compared using the Duncan test. Average daily gain (0.775 kg/d), ADFI (2.414 kg/d) and F:G (3.12:1) were not affected (P>0.05) by the level of MOS or BMD. Pigs fed the diet added with both MOS and BMD, had higher ADG (P<0.05) than those fed the other three diets (0.855 vs 0.749 kg/d). By adding none or both of the additives, pigs had higher (P<0.05) carcass length at slaughter (75.1 vs 73.2 cm), than animals fed diets containing either MOS or BMD (Interaction MOS × BMD P<0.05). Pigs receiving BMD had higher (P<0.05) average fat depth than pigs with no BMD in their diet (30.3 vs 26.8 mm). Diets containing MOS alone had no effect on growth performance or carcass characteristics of growing/nishing pigs. Health condition of pigs was not affected by treatments. In conclusion, withdrawing BMD from the diet of growing/nishing pigs had no effect on performance or carcass characteristics. Adding MOS had a positive effect on ADG only if BMD was also provided in the diet.


The results of investigations of the effect of variable composition of the gas shielding medium on the energy parameters and the cross section of the arc column in a shielding gas are presented. It is shown that at the periodic variation of the composition of the shielding gas from helium to argon the pressure of the welding arc increases in cycles for a short period of time and welding current surges. Periodic changes in the composition of the gas shielding medium in the arc zone results in refining of the structure of the weld metal and increase the solidification cracking resistance of aluminium alloys.


Problems encountered by chemical engineers in design of the Indian Point nuclear power plant are choice of materials of construction to resist corrosion and radioactivity, handling and disposing of hydrogen and oxygen (cooling-water- decomposition products due to radioactivity), preparation of ultra-pure feed water for the reactor coolant cycle, and handling of solid, liquid, and gaseous radioactive wastes. (C.J.G.)


The electronic and geometrical properties of distyrylbenzene (DSB) are investigated by using chemistry theoretical calculation methods. Specifically, the excited state properties are studied by performing ab initio correlation interaction singlet (CIS) and time-dependent density functional theory; the ground state and Raman activities are computed by density functional theory with the B3LYP method. Eight conformers of distyrylbenzene are found and they are derived from three isomers which are cis, cis-, cis, trans-, and trans, trans-, respectively. The relative energy shows that each isomer of three types is separated with a large energy barrier, but a small energy difference of each conformer is found if they are in the same type. The transition state also shows the barrier between conformers is lower than isomers. The computed excited transition energies using ZINDO/S based on the optimized geometries at a DFT/B3LYP level with 6–31+G show an excellent agreement with experimental absorption spectra.


ABSTRACTA study of the extraction of the trivalent metal ions Fe, Ga, In and Al, was carried out with benzene solutions containing N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine and N-p-octyloxybenzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine(HL), respectively. The results demonstrated that the metal ions were extracted as ML3 for Fe, Ga and In, M(OH)L2 for Al (where M is metal ion). The extraction constants and separation factors for the two extractants were compared.


This paper will focus on lung cancer patients as a marginalised group whose voice is frequently under-represented or misrepresented in marketing communication efforts. By focusing on public health and charity anti-smoking and lung cancer campaigns this paper argues that marketing communication is contributing to the voicelessness of existing lung cancer patients by constructing meaning, which reinforces and encourages social stigma, affecting their ability to obtain and utilise social capital. Societies have a limited carrying capacity for the amount of social problems such as cancer they can address at one time and this also applies to individuals. As a result potential stigmatisers find it difficult to generate compassion for lung cancer patients who they are led to believe are responsible for their own condition, especially when they are faced with many other cancers which receive more public and media attention such as breast and prostate. In this paper I consider the consequences of public heath campaigns for the current sufferers of lung cancer. They generate stigma, lack of status and a sense of having little value being attached to their voice. The subsequent loss of status and discrimination leads to unequal outcomes and a lack of social capital. Without access to these networks and a common objective with those with power lung cancer patients do not have the opportunity, motivation or ability to overcome their voicelessness. The paper finishes by outlining some reflective communication measures that might help address this situation,


Philosophy of punishment: justification of penalty s a valuable doctoral monograph worthy of esteem on criminal law. It has reasonable arrangement and plentiful content based on new opinion and argument. Moreover, there are many academic innovation and reclamation. At the same time, it has so strong demonstration and convincible ground of argument with fluent expression that is does worth reading.


If a transistor is working in a circuit with a shorted load two different cases have to be distinguished. Case 1 is defined if a transistor is switched on in a circuit with a shorted load. This case was treated in the past. A second case has to be considered if a short occurs during the on-state of the transistor. The results of one-dimensional simulations for case 2 show that the collector-emitter voltage at the transistor depends strongly on the current density with the maximum field occuring at the n-n+ -junction of the collector. During the first critical time interval the metallurgical pn-junction has no influence. The high current densities occuring during the short can produce electric fields higher than 10-5 V/cm. These current induced high electric fields result in a current runaway causing finally a thermal destruction of the transistor, even at voltages much lower than the specified values. The current rise has to be limited by a small inductance allowing the transistor to consume voltage without exceeding critical field values.


The key transport parameters of acoustic waves travelling in disordered media are studied through ultrasonic experiments on monodisperse resonant emulsions. Through accurate measurements of both ballistic and diffusive transport over a wide range of frequencies, we show that the group velocity of the ballistic component may differ significantly from the energy velocity of the diffusive waves, in particular in the vicinity of scattering resonances. Moreover, we evidence the crucial role played by the refractive acoustic index of the droplets relative to the surrounding media by studying emulsions made of ?slow" fluorinated oil droplets or ?fast" liquid metallic droplets dispersed in a water-based gel. Our observations are successfully confronted to theories based on independent scattering approximations relevant for these diluted media. Effects of droplets resonances in the diffusive regime are also discussed giving a complete study of the energy velocity of scalar waves in strongly scattering media. B. Tallon, T. Brunet, and J.H. Page, Physical Review Letters 119, 164301 (2017)


This assumption leads them to the conclusion that, within semantics, diminutive suffixes are a kind of quantificational devices that natural languages possess. It is a familiär fact in linguistic literature that bona fide quantifiers have been treated äs modifiers of the noun, on a par with the adjectives, cf. Abney (1987). Charles van Os (1989) makes this assumption too, by asserting that "Quantifizierung und Intensivierung in manchen Hinsichten stark verwandte sprachliche Erscheinungen sind." This paper argues against treating the diminutive suffixes äs a kind of quantificational device that modifies the base to which it is attached. The argument is based on (a) the morphological properties of these suffixes, (b) a rejection of a syntactic parallelism


over the years, the Middle East has played a diverse role in soviet and later russian foreign policy . during the period of rivalry between the ussr and the us, it was an important area of confrontation . after its end, the russian federation became immersed in crisis and lost interest in the region . The Middle East again appeared in the Kremlin's geostrategic thinking after the arab spring which the russian authorities perceived as fuelled and directed by the West, especially the us . The consequences of these social upheavals in the form of the overthrow of the libyan leader or the explicit aspirations of the West to remove Bashar al-assad from power, led vladimir putin to take action . This article is an attempt to interpret russian actions in syria, including its military involvement, through the prism of the Kremlin's neo-superpower policy .


Arrays of sensors and actuators designed to provide robust broadband feedback control with high performance and limited modeling are the subject of this paper. The reconfigurable array technique proposed here enables the design of reduced- order controllers for complex structures and offers the potential to improve closed-loop robustness and to broaden the region of good performance even as the plant changes. The weighted summation of sensor signals senses the modes that are relevant to performance while rejecting the remaining modes; therefore reducing the required complexity of the controller. These weights are obtained from the minimization of a cost function and under certain assumptions; it can be shown that a single optimum solution exists. The use of reconfigurable arrays is motivated by the need to control the vibration of complex structures. A thirty element collocated actuator and sensor array was bonded to a cylinder section. Array weights were computed and successfully applied to isolate target modes. Different methods of computing the weights are implemented and compared. The deleterious effects of spatial aliasing and the performance as a function of the array size are experimentally explored.


In this work, we describe a simple Markovian algorithm to generate a typical sample path of colored noise described by an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. The algorithm works equally well to simulate a real or complex disorder potential with exponentially decaying covariance and higher correlation functions given by Wick's theorem. As an input, we only need independent Gaussian random numbers which can easily be generated by the well-known Box–Muller algorithm. Finally, we discuss an alternative method which can also be used to generate non-Gaussian colored noise.


This article aims to analyze the visual accessibility resource available at the Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales (MNAV) in Montevideo, Uruguay. For this, a field research was carried out in the exhibition space, where the exhibitors, the paintings and the tactile panels were identified and delimited in their semiotic set. Specifically, the tactile panels function as sensitive interaction devices for visually impaired visitors. With three works belonging to the artistic heritage of the country, by Juan Manuel Blanes, Carlos Federico Saez and Joaquin Torres Garcia, a comparative analysis is proposed between the accessibility panels and the paintings themselves, taking into consideration preliminarily the peircean approach of firstness, secondness, thirdness and icon, index and symbol.


Synopsis This paper presents the concept and importance of the "community safety map" for "urban diagnosis." As compared with similar kinds of maps commonly developed for community safety, basic properties of community safety map are listed, and the processes of developing them are also described. In the end, we discuss some examples of community safety maps which have been developed for Nagata Ward, Kobe City with the help of DiMSIS.


Prefabricated steel and concrete composite decks are an interesting option to improve competitiveness and sustainability of the composite structures. Longitudinal shear connection is usually establ ...


ESP (English for Specific Purposes) is an English course based on the specific purpose and specific needs of the learner, such as Business English, News English, Medical English, Legal English, Travel English, Financial English, Accounting English and Real Estate English. In recent years, with the continuous deepening and expansion of the research on ESP, many scholars have begun to pay attention to the "common-core" characteristic of ESP, that is, there are common language features and language skills in ESP in different disciplines and professional behaviors. ESP in different disciplines share common elements in style, rhetoric, genre and communicative skills. Based on the common-core notion and real teaching practice of ESP, this paper attempts to analyze the orientation of ESP and explore the teaching content, teaching methods of ESP by taking the lexical teaching as an example.


If the past is prologue, then there will be many proposals, some tinkering, some substantive, some legislative, to change class action practice PREDICTING the likely future developments in class action practice in the federal courts of the United States must begin in the past. THE PAST: OR WHERE WE'RE NOT GOING NEXT A. The 1966 Class Action The beginning point is the complete revision of Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that took effect in 1966. This revision instituted the familiar Rule 23(b)(1) and (b)(2) "mandatory" classes and the much more pervasive (b)(3) "optout" class. There has been little excitement about the (b)(1) class, apart from the currently unsuccessful attempts to adapt it to "limited fund" mass tort litigation. The (b)(2) class was a central focus of the 1966 revisions, which were designed to entrench the then-growing use of class actions to enforce civil rights through injunctions. Although there is some concern today about efforts to expand (b)(2) class actions to embrace individual damages claims as "incidental" to class-based injunctive relief, there is no general dissatisfaction with it. Broad class-based injunctions, often involving "institutional reform," are widely accepted. The opt-out Rule(b)(3) class is a different story. It was invented in a moment of inspiration. Several participants in the process that developed (b)(3) tell us today that they had not the slightest idea what it would become. That may be in part because it has become many things. One common description of the variety of (b)(3) class actions focuses on the apparent monetary value of individual class member claims. The "consumer" class action is often described as one needed to ensure enforcement of rights that involve sums too small to support effective enforcement through individual actions. The "mass tort" class action is described as one that brings together large claims that could and often would support individual actions. In between lie "mixed" actions that include in one class both members whose claims would and others whose claims would not support individual litigation. Another description of the variety of (b)(3) class actions focuses on the subject matter involved. Antitrust and securities litigation are most frequently mentioned as examples of well-developed class action practice, where this procedural device is working well. Much greater problems are seen in attempts to bring class action procedure to bear on mass torts. It did not take long for Rule 23(b)(3) class actions to make an impression. Lawyers and courts worked together to make "class action" a household word. The potentially neutral observation that they had multiplied "like the leaves of the green bay tree" was followed by more darkling observations about "legalized blackmail" and "Frankenstein monsters." Some areas of the law were transformed, if not in substantive meaning, then in realworld meaning. Much of the reaction to class actions flowed from this impact. Enthusiasts lauded the opportunity for more effective enforcement of "public interest" legislation. Detractors, perhaps unwilling to voice directly their displeasure with the substantive law, talked instead of the compulsion to settle unfounded class claims. Settlements are coerced, they complain, by at least two major factors. One is the staggering cost of defending class litigation. The second is the risk that even a completely unfounded claim will be sustained in litigation-a risk, they say, that arises not only from the prospect of an occasional aberrant result but also from a subtle pressure exerted by the class action itself. On this view, it is more difficult to say "no" when a claim is advanced on behalf of many people. Together, the cost of defending and even a small risk of a very large loss exert powerful pressure to settle. Substantive law objections also were voiced. The most direct expression is that much modern regulatory legislation is drafted in deliberately broad and ambiguous terms. …


This study reports the initial try out of an intervention program aimed to enhance subjective wellbeing through increase in individual's levels of compassion and forgiveness. The program was conducted among Filipino counselors. A single group pretest-posttest quasiexperimental design was adopted to test the effect of the Compassion and Forgiveness-Based Intervention Program on subjective well-being. Sixteen counselors enrolled in their post graduate degree were recruited to participate in the modular courses held in four sessions, four hours per session run in a two-month period. Pre-test and posttest assessments were conducted before and after the intervention program. Results obtained from paired t-tests demonstrated significant increase in the counselors' levels of compassion for others, self-compassion, forgiveness of others and subjective well-being after the intervention program. The results provide initial evidence on the role of compassion and forgiveness as pathways to subjective well-being. It is recommended that more interventionist research agenda be conducted to further examine the role of compassion, forgiveness to counselors' well-being


Higher education around the world has moved to online teaching due to COVID-19 pandemic. Students in higher education are compelled to attend online classes and adopt e-learning mode. There is not much evidence on training the students to adopt e-learning and remote learning. However, do they have a positive attitude towards e-learning and has it affected their academic performance? Present study administered an e-learning attitude scale to 840 students of a reputed University to examine whether they have positive or avoidance attitude to e-learning and also analysed e-learning attitude across students demographic characteristics. Study revealed a slight positive correlation between e-learning attitude and academic achievement of postgraduate students and not for undergraduate students. Girls' excelled in their achievement and have a more positive e-learning attitude than boys have. Boys showed avoidance e-learning attitude. However, Socio Economic Status (SES) did not affect students' e-learning attitude but influenced their academic achievement. Study concludes that stakeholders must create more opportunities to develop a positive attitude towards e-learning as future education is likely to be technology integrated.


An interlocutor's referential gaze is of great importance in faceto-face communication as it facilitates spoken language comprehension. People are also able to exploit virtual agent gaze in interactions. Our study addressed effects of human speaker gaze vs. virtual listener gaze on reaction times, accuracy and eye movements. We manipulated: (1) whether the human speaker uttering the sentence was visible, (2) whether the agent listener was present and (3) whether the template following each video matched the scene. Participants saw videos in which a static scene depicting three characters was visible on a screen. We recorded participants ' eye movements as they listened to German SVO sentences describing an interaction between two of these three characters. After each trial a template schematically depicting three characters and their interaction appeared on screen. Participants verified congruence between sentence and template. Participants solved the matching task very well across all conditions. They responded faster to matches than mismatches between sentence and template. Participants were slower when the agent was present. Eye movement results suggest that during the NP2 region participants tended to look at the NP2 referent to a greater extent when the speaker was present compared to the other conditions.


MSP430 MCU of TI Corp is a low-power consumption single-chip computer.Based on MSP430' low-power consumption performance,and taking e5550 RF card as information transmission medium,this paper implements the low-power consumption based design of prepayment controller of household water meter.


The Czech agricultural policy after the EU accession is the set of both the EU and national measures related to the Czech agro-food sector. The paper defines possible scenarios of the agricultural policy developments in 2004–2013 and presents expected impacts of the policy scenarios on the Czech farm structure and land usage.


A novel compound quadruped Robot is designed in this paper. The proposed walking mechanism contains four compound mechanical legs. Each compound leg mimic the walking mechanism of human which has a waist, a right leg and a left leg. The new robot combined the quadruped robot and the biped robot rationally which makes it have agility, high speed, high stability and high load capacity at the same time. The walking process is divided into three types: linear walking, steering and lateral walking. The regular and periodic motion of the legs makes the control simple which doesn't need complicated inverse kinematics and dynamics.


In this paper, we report the development of low power and low temperature zinc oxide (ZnO)-based inverters. Logic inverters were evaluated as function of gate dielectric thicknesses and several operation bias voltages. Hafnium oxide (HfO2) was used as gate dielectric. The HfO2 dielectric thickness was evaluated from 15 to 90 nm. TFTs carrier mobility decreases as the dielectric thickness increases for a maximum bias fixed to 5 V, while threshold voltage (VTH) and threshold voltage shift (∆VTH) increases. Mobility, VTH and ∆VTH also have a direct correlation with applied gate voltage. Inverters fabricated show high gains (up to 150) when biased at 20 V. A low-voltage, low temperature ZnO inverter operating at VDD= 2.5 V with gains ~20 is also demonstrated. Devices operating at VDD= 1 V have gains ~10. This technology is a potential candidate for low-power consumption circuits for portable and low-cost applications.


The effects of reducing car traffic and encouraging 'green' traffic on the economies of a city are traced. By facilitating green traffic, environment improvement occurs and the economy of the area can be enhanced. Results of the 1988 cross-European study 'Quality Streets' are used in illustration. Spending by mode is examined with information from towns such as Birmingham, Halifax, Slough, Bromley, East Ham, Kensington, Freiburg, Hannover and Stuttgart showing amount spent and mode of transport used. A similar study is shown for towns in the West Midlands. Bus users were found to contribute at least 41% of spending although amount spent was generally 50-70% of car user spending. Factors affecting the splits studied included affluence, transport available, size of town and proximity of residential areas. Measures to promote or prevent use of an urban centre are considered. The effect of major traffic restraint measures and their broad effect on the economy are then examined including the provision of improved public transport, the effect of car parking provision and pedestrianisation and traffic calming. Level of parking provision was found to be irrelevant but public transport accessibility was found to be vital in 10 German towns. The effects of traffic restraint on land values and rents, employment and attraction of the city centre are also briefly considered. For the covering abstract of the book see IRRD 837197. (TRRL)


1. CONTENTS
 (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 The study of real estate is a discipline to analyze the phenomenon of real estate phenomenon and to pursue...


There are increasing claims and, in some quarters, celebration of a 'sociocultural turn' in public relations that has allegedly shifted the locus of scholarship and practice from US-originating functionalist and organization-centric models to more socially and culturally orientated approaches. However, this article presents a critical analysis of PR education and scholarship in Australasia which shows that, despite a claimed 'sociocultural turn' and a number of emergent postmodern models identified by contemporary scholars around the world, Excellence Theory, including its various constituent theories, remains a dominant paradigm of PR in Australia and many South East Asian countries. The ontological and epistemological characteristics of PR in Australasia, and the influences that have created and sustained them, as well as the progress of alternative postmodern and critical conceptualizations, are explored in this article based on two stages of research. In the first, a broad exploratory study was undertaken using ethnography and elements of autoethnography to provide reflective insights into the nature of and influences on PR scholarship and practice in the region. In the second stage, the findings of this exploratory analysis were tested and further contextualized with empirical data from structured textual analysis of the PR texts and reference books most commonly used today.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the image and the awareness of dental laboratory technicians in health allied college students. Methods: The subject of this research are 431 health-related major students who are selected by convenience sampling from Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 401 respondents were analyzed except for 30 incomplete ones. The collected data is statistically analyzed by SPSS(Statistical Packages for Social Science 12.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The findings of the study were as follows: As a result of general awareness about dental laboratory technicians, the health allied college students knew 83.0% about dental laboratory technician as a job. Respondents showed high recognition about dental laboratory technician as a job(3.62 0.31), which showed that the health allied college students took a favorable view of dental laboratory in general. There were significant difference in dental laboratory technician image with age, gender(P<.05). Conclusion: It is required to develop programs such as proactive public relations or campaign via mass media that could enhance the public recognition about dental laboratory technician up to one of professional as required. It is also necessary that dental laboratory technicians make steady efforts for self-development to enhance their own job philosophy and skills in the level of quality, while they need various educations for building up their own favorable personality and positive ideas. [Abstract]


Heritage tourism forms a specific genre within the wider field of tourism; however, this genre itself encompasses a wide range of different types of heritage attractions, of which industrial attractions, military attractions, stately homes and attractions associated with historic people are all examples. This paper discusses the evolution of industrial railway heritage attractions from their original railway operations to visitor attractions; second, it examines the key attributes defining successful industrial railway heritage attractions; and third, it compares and contrasts these attributes for three industrial railway heritage attractions, spanning three separate locations and two countries (Australia and Malaysia). The findings from the study identify and support ranges of success factors and suggest a framework for examining the genre of industrial railway heritage attractions and their attributes. This framework can direct future studies that investigate the nature of industrial railway heritage trains, and contribute to enriching understanding and knowledge of this genre of attractions.


ABSTRACT Practice learning is integral to the curriculum for qualifying social work students. Accreditation standards require regular student supervision and exposure to specific learning activities. Most agencies offer high-quality placements, but organizational cutbacks may affect supervision and restrict the development of competence and professional identity. Undergraduate social work students in Northern Ireland universities (n=396) were surveyed about the usefulness of the learning activities they received on placement for developing practice competence and professional social work identity. Results suggest that students most valued regular supervision, constructive feedback, observing social workers, and thinking critically about the social work role. Differences were reported across placements with students feeling disadvantaged in agencies where there was no clear social work role.


We describe an active polarimetric imager with laser illumination at 1.5 µm that can generate any illumination and analysis polarization state on the Poincar sphere. Thanks to its full polarization agility and to image analysis of the scene with an ultrafast active-contour based segmentation algorithm, it can perform adaptive polarimetric contrast optimization. We demonstrate the capacity of this imager to detect manufactured objects in different types of environments for such applications as decamouflage and hazardous object detection. We compare two imaging modes having different number of polarimetric degrees of freedom and underline the characteristics that a polarimetric imager aimed at this type of applications should possess.


In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic and how to handle it colored the development of the global economy. Millions of people have died and some are now out of work after being laid off. The pandemic has reduced world consumption, production, investment, and trade activities. The government and regulators side adjusting the benchmark interest rate and issuing relaxation and restructuring rules to prevent a bigger impact and encourage economic recovery. Using descriptive qualitative methods, this study tries to explore the business strategies implemented by five Islamic commercial banks with the largest assets, namely Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, Bank Nasional Indonesia Syariah, Bank Muamalat Indonesia, and Bank Aceh Syariah. all Islamic commercial banks optimize the digitization of services, both financing and fundraising. Focus on low-cost funds and conduct temporarily credit relaxation and restructuring for debtors who are experiencing financial difficulties due to the pandemic


This paper aims to empirically investigate the relationship between service quality (SQ) in heritage tourism, destination attachment (DA), and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) intention.,This study followed cross-sectional survey-based research design and surveyed 327 foreign tourists visiting the Golden Triangle, a heritage tourist circuit in India through mall interception method. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling.,The results reveal that heritage SQ has a significant positive effect on DA and eWOM intention and DA has a significant positive effect on eWOM intention.,The research findings make the theoretical and practical contribution in the domain, focussing explicitly on heritage tourism, in which such relation has not been studied yet, in sense of the foreign tourists.


The purpose of this research was to study Thailand, British, and German cutting patterns and sewing pants for women with particular figures. The processes were composed of the developmental drafting paper pattern, sewing pants and determining the satisfaction surveys. The studies were focused on women having particular pear and round shaped figures as well as the minimum amount of time to develop the cutting pants pattern design. The statistics used were mean and the tested method was performed in randomized complete 3 cutting and sewing ways for 3 types of fabrics including 95/5 polyester & wool blend, 100% cotton, and 100% linen. These fabrics were applied for developing 9 pants particularly for 5 pear and 5 sphere shaped women and then surveyed for their satisfactions. The results revealed that the designed pants patterns of British style was be able to be made at a short time with the average value of 44.16 minutes. Moreover, 5 pear shaped women satisfied the 2 developing type with the averaged value of 4.82 minutes whereas the other 5 sphere shaped women preferred the 1 developing type having the averaged value of 4.77 minutes. Besides, both these two woman groups mostly satisfied 100% cotton pants type with the averaged value of 4.6 and 4.44.