Anthocyanin-rich black cane (aBC) is a grass rich in lignin and carbohydrates, with an abundance of anthocyanins. Silages of aBC produced with molasses (MS) and/or ferrous sulphate (FS) mixtures may have beneficial effects on silage quality and animal performance in ruminants. However, the addition of MS and FS to ensiled grass is relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the effect of their administration at different doses to select an effective treatment to modulate the ensiling characteristics of aBC. In the first trial, fresh or pre-ensiled materials (PBC) were compared with ensiled PBC treated with: 0% MS 0% FS, 4% MS, 8% MS, 0.015% FS, 0.030% FS, 4% MS + 0.015% FS, 4% MS + 0.030% FS, 8% MS + 0.015% FS, and 8% MS + 0.030% FS on a fresh matter basis. The quality of ensiling characteristics was determined in laboratory-scale silos after 42 d of preservation. Based on these results, the second trial was further conducted in rumen cultures to ensure that the selected treatment would not impair rumen fermentation. For this, ruminal biogases, rumen fermentation profiles, and microbial communities were evaluated. Ensiled PBC with the incremental addition of MS and FS resulted in the observations for anthocyanin contents and the ensiling characteristics of the aBC silages. The combination of MS (4%) and FS (0.030%) incorporated into silages had the highest silage production effect among the experimental treatments. This combination demonstrated the sustainable mitigation of the ruminal biogases of methane and carbon dioxide without impairment of total gas production. Concurrently, this combination improved total volatile fatty acid concentrations, modulated cellulolytic bacteria, and suppressed methanogenic bacteria in rumen fluids. The results presented here indicated that addition of a mixture of 4% MS and 0.030% FS to aBC resulted in an optimal balance of ensiling characteristics and is suitable for use in ruminants.


This book is a study of Soren Kierkegaard's elucidation of the condition by which the Truth may be learned. Like Kierkegaard's pseudonym, Johannes Climacus, we are concerned in particular with that Truth which concerns us ultimately and which is confessed by Christians to be disclosed in Jesus Christ. Called faith by Climacus in Philosophical Fragments, this condition is characterized by a transformation of the individual under the impact of revelation and is received as a gift from God rather than attained through human resourcefulness. The epistemological ramifications of this transformation are explored both in terms of the New Testament concept of metanoia and in comparison with claims to cognitive progress in other fields. We conclude that the account of Christian conversion given by Climacus in Philosophical Fragments and approved by Kierkegaard in his acknowledged works is a faithful elucidation of the concept of metanoia and remains a pertinent challenge to the persistent attempts of moderns and post-moderns alike who propose to learn the Truth on quite different terms. Murray Rae thus seeks to develop a new interpretation of Kierkegaard and to challenge some widely followed theological epistemologies.


Abstract In this article I will elucidate the concept of photo messaging, and examine camera phones in the context of communication and photography. Camera functions are nowadays a popular add-on to the mobile (cellular) phone. Users can send photographs directly from the phone as photo messages. Findings suggest that the ubiquitous camera phone, and photo messaging, may substantially change the ways in which people use personal photography. The imaging capacity of mobile phones is becoming a potential part of perpetual visual contact. Thus taking and sending photographs on a camera phone represents a new resource for visual communication.


Disclosed are an acridine-marker conjugate and a preparation method thereof, and a chemiluminescence immunoassay kit. The acridine-marker conjugate comprises an acridine substituent, a connecting vector, a bifunctional crosslinking agent, and a marking target connected in that order. The acridine substituent and connecting vector form, via an amine reaction, a -CO-NH- structure so as to link the acridine substituent to the connecting vector.


In south-central Cuba, the shallow-water limestones of the Late Maastrichtian Cantabria F01mation underlie the Late Maastrichtian to Early Eocene Vaqueria Formation. The crustacean burrows (Thalas sinoides isp-) occur in Late MaastriChtian marl of the lowermost part of the latter formation. Horizontal tunnels arc the most common components of the reported low density bun·ow system produced in this shelfa l deposit. Occurrence of Gansserina gcinsseri (Bolli), 1951, constrains the age of the burrow-filling biomicrite between 68 (probably 67) and 65.45 Ma. The submergence of the Cantabria shallow-water limestones and sedimentation of the bun-ow-fill ing biomicrite coincide with the high sea-level during Late Maastrichtian. The Late Maastrichtian deposits were partly truncated by pre-Palaeocene (K-T boundary?) erosion. However, in comparison with the successions of westem Cuba, the Cienfuegos sedimentary basin occupied a more remote position in respect to the Chicxulub impact crater in Yucatan, thought to be the K-T event source.


This study is a qualitative case study that explored various collaborative creativity in children's play. Based on Glveveanu's We-paradigm, this study analyzed young children's creativity with a contextual perspective. The research participants were 5-year-olds at a daycare center in Pusan, South Korea and we collected data through participant observations, informal interviews with children, and other collecting documents and material objects. Young children showed their collaborative creativity as intersubjective ideas in (unexpected) play situations and as children's empathy and communication with others. In addition, young children's creativity appeared as a process of constructing together in plays. This study argued diverse, complex, and unexpected features of creativity in young children's play. Thus, the study urges us to move beyond the traditional positivist approaches to young children's creativity and has a new lens to understand children's social and cooperative creativity that emerged in their social and cultural interactions and collaborations.


The reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by 4,4'-bipyridine (BP) was measured with acetylthiocholine as substrate. The enzyme/inhibitor dissociation constant for binding of BP to the catalytic site was Ka = 1.0 mM and the non-competitive dissociation constant for binding to an allosteric site was K, = = 9.0 mM. BP protected AChE against phosphylation by sarin, soman, tabun and VX. The protective effect was also calculated theoretically from a model which assumed that BP reacts either with the catalytic site of the enzyme or with an allosteric site, but does not form a ternary complex with acetylcholinesterase. The calculated and experimentally determined protective indices agreed well.


Oil is a multicomponent mixture and infrared spectroscopy may be one of the most instant methods for determining the classes of hydrocarbon compounds. Oil consists of organic and mineral compounds. It is found in all types of rocks and can be met in the most unexpected places. The rate and volume of oil and gas production depends on many factors involving natural and man-made ones. The forecast for the development of fluid systems of various types and for their regimes plays an important part in assessing water resources, their management conditions, and for designing and developing hydrocarbon deposits. Currently, Eastern Siberia is one of the most attractive regions for investors [1-3]. There is one of the largest Russian oil and gas basins belonging to the Siberian platform in the Irkutsk region [4-6]. This work presents the study of Eastern Siberia oils with the use of infrared spectroscopy in order to determine the chemical group composition and spectral indices of oils.


In this research thesis, we have described and deepened further Ramanujan equations (Hardy-Ramanujan number, taxicab numbers, etc) linked to some parameters of Standard Model Particles and String Theory. We have therefore obtained further possible mathematical connections.


This chapter reviews background information about the prevalence, sex ratio, genetics, recurrence risk and epidemiology of isolated and syndromic preaxial, postaxial and mesoaxial (central) polydactyly of the hands and feet. Various patterns of isolated and bilateral polydactyly and common associated malfomations (syndactyly, craniosynsostosis, GI anomalies, macrocephaly, mocrpcephaly, renal cysts) are described. The discussion on the differential diagnosis of polydactyly summarizes its common causes, including teratogenic agents, diabetic embryopathy, chromosome anomalies, and congenital malformation syndromes caused by Mendelian traits. It gives recommendations for evaluation and management. A clinical case presentation features an infant with tibial hypoplasia/aplasia with polydactyly (Werner mesomelic syndrome).


The experiment indicated that Si ion has an action of suppressing protons widthwise diffusion and increasing the depth during the selective proton exchange process of LiTaO3. It also suggested that Si ion may induce the domain inversion.


Electrogastrogram(EGG) is a noninvasive recording of the electrical activity of the stomach.With week amplitude and low frequency,EGG signal is easy to be noised by electrocardiogram,respiration,movement and other factors.This paper first decomposes clinical EGG signal into a serial of Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs) with Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD),and then reconstructs the EGG signal by properly selecting IMFs.Slow wave is effectively filtered out with even higher signal-noise-ratio(SNR).


The transmission bandwidth of a vehicle–ground connection is low when an EMU (electric multiple unit) is running in a high-speed scenario. To this end, this paper focuses on the need to solve the problem of the poor bandwidth of the vehicle–ground integration information network, and proposes a vehicle–ground integration information network scheme for EMUs based on small base stations. Based on the existing wi-fi system of the EMU, in order to realize the coverage of the 5G signal in the carriage, this paper—through the deployment of the technical characteristics of 5G—sinks the customized UPF (user plane function) and MEC (mobile edge computing) to the train carriage, and expands the internet channels of the train carriage. Relying on the technologies of MEC and CDN (content delivery network) for high-speed railways, network extension service products can satisfy passengers' needs around network rate and delay. On the one hand, this can relieve the pressure of the network backhaul and save the bandwidth resources of the vehicle–ground integration information network. On the other hand, it can help operators to reduce the investment of network construction, operation, and maintenance. As a result, the proposed scheme can inspire the products that match the extended service needs of the passenger, realize the technical and innovation value of the 5G mobile network, and achieve business model innovation in high-speed mobile scenarios.


In 1996, it was proposed to build a near-infrared imager for the 3.8-m UK Infrared Telescope in Hawaii, to exploit the 1024 pixel format detectors that were then becoming available. In order to achieve a fast delivery, the instrument was kept simple and existing designs were reused or modified where possible. UFTI was delivered within 2.5 years of the project start. The instrument is based around a 1k Rockwell Hawaii detector and a LSR Astrocam controller and uses the new Mauna Kea optimized J,H,K filter set along with I and Z broad-band filters and several narrow-band line filters. The instrument is cooled by a CTI cry-cooler, while the mechanisms are operated by cold, internal, Bergelahr stepping motors. On UKIRT it can be coupled to a Fabry-Perot etalon for tunable narrow-band imaging at K, or a waveplate for imaging polarimetry through 1-2.5 μm; the cold analyzer is a Barium Borate Wollaston prism. UFTI was designed to take full advantage of the good image quality delivered by UKIRT on conclusion of the upgrades program, and has a fine scale of 0.09 arcsec/pixel. It is used within the UKIRT observatory environment and was the first instrument integrated into ORAC, the Observatory Reduction and Acquisition Control System. Results obtained during instrument characterization in the lab and over the last 3 years on UKIRT are presented, along with performance figures. UFTI has now been used on UKIRT for several hundred nights, and aspects of instrument performance are discussed.


This paper describes a fully integrated automatic control system of mine the overall functional requirements,system components,the subsystem access method and system's main features.The system uses integrated software,industrial Ethernet connectivity,it improves coal mine safety management level of enterprises and production of complete equipment for coal mining and production systems of centralized control and scheduling.


The radionuclide therapies for solid and liquid malignancies are emerging field nowadays. The targeted radionuclide therapies have been in use since 1945. In the past 20 years, due to advancement in the nanotechnology and targeting cell receptors; radionuclide therapies have emerged as a subspecialty in nuclear medicine. Through this article, we would like to briefly describe the evolution of peptide-based radionuclide therapies, with a little emphasis on their clinical applications. Key words: Peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals, radionuclide therapy, somatostatin-receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumour


A 51-year-old patient was referred to the Nuclear Medicine Department due to multifocal skin cancer. Four lesion were surgically removed. All of them were carcinoma basocellulare. Routine 18F-FDG-PET/CT scan was performed covering area from the base of the skull to the mid of the thigh. It began 60 minutes after radiotracer administration. No glucose avid areas suggestive of active neoplastic disease were observed (Figure 1). The entire patient's chest was significantly malformed with rib abnormalities on both sides (Figures 2 and 3).


Figure 2(a) shows the image reconstructed by the time-correlation method. In this simulation, negative signal components in the iterative processing were ignored. Figure 2(b) shows the reconstructed image after iterative processing. The mean squared error (MSE) was used as the evaluation criterion. The image quality improved up to 2.9 times. However, since the reconstructed image did not converge, an appropriate normalized parameter α should be set. Additionally, noise components were ignored in this experiment. In the future, the proposed method will need to be improved.


Abstract There is limited research studying fluid and electrolyte balance in rugby union players, and a paucity of information regarding the test–retest reliability. This study describes the fluid balance of elite rugby union players across multiple squads and the reliability of fluid balance measures between two equivalent training sessions. Sixty-one elite rugby players completed a single fluid balance testing session during a game simulation training session. A subsample of 21 players completed a second fluid balance testing session during an equivalent training session. Players were weighed in minimal clothing before and after each training session. Each player was provided with their own drinks which were weighed before and after each training session. More players gained body weight (9 (14.8%)) during training than lost greater than 2% of their initial body mass (1 (1.6%)). Pre-training body mass and rate of fluid loss were significantly associated (r = 0.318, p = .013). There was a significant correlation between rate of fluid loss in sessions 1 (1.74 ± 0.32 L h−1) and 2 (1.10 ± 0.31 L. h−1), (r = 0.470, p = .032). This could be useful for nutritionists working with rugby squads to identify players with high sweat losses.


We first briefly introduce the various kinds of basic CMOS four-valued logic circuit that can be suitably employed for circuits with clock pulses. Using these, the design of multiple-valued MAX and MIN circuits with many inputs, each of which has two quaternary figures, are developed. It is shown that the number of MOS transistors required for these circuits can be reduced in comparison to binary circuits having equivalent functions. Successful simulation results using SPICE-2 for the circuit operations are given.


Lukacs' materialization theory lies in his first representative book:History and Class Consciousness in 1923.His materialization theory doesn't come into being occasionally,but inherits his seniors',especially Marx's research work and adds to his own creative thought.It includes rich contents,deep opinions and sees through rays of light of a great philosopher's wisdom here and there.We should not only research his materialization theory,but also appraise it with Marxism perspectivies and methods,especially give prominence to its theoretical and actual values,so as to direct our socialist contemporary construction.


Coal has heen known in the Groundhog coalfield in the northern Bowser basin since the tun of the century (Buckham and Latour, 1950), but because of the remoteness of the area and the complexity of the geology the resource potential remains poorly understood. In order to better define the stratigraphy, sedimentology and coal resource potential, a field study of the Groundhog coalfield and surrounding areas has been undertaken. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of fieldwork conducted in the northern Bowser basin during the 19x9 field season. TRADITIONAL BODNDARY OF THE GROUNDHOG COALFIELD


Only 53.5% of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States achieve the recommended hemoglobin A1c target. 1 Since primary care providers (PCPs) provide most T2DM care,2 their ability to advance glycemic therapy—by adding medications when A1c is not at target— is crucial. PCP barriers to starting basal insulin include lack of knowledge about increasing insulin resistance over time,3,4 lack of ability to teach self-management skills (Joslin Diabetes Center internal data, 2013), and lack of knowledge of how patients perceive injections.5 However, barriers to starting other new medications are still not well understood. To better understand barriers to starting new medications, we conducted a needs assessment exploring PCPs' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding a class of DM drugs, the injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists.


Abstract In this article we evaluate the viability of using big data produced by smart city systems for creating new official statistics. We assess sixteen sources of urban transportation and environmental big data that are published as open data or were made available to the project for Dublin, Ireland. These data were systematically explored through a process of data checking and wrangling, building tools to display and analyse the data, and evaluating them with respect to 16 measures of their suitability: access, sustainability and reliability, transparency and interpretability, privacy, fidelity, cleanliness, completeness, spatial granularity, temporal granularity, spatial coverage, coherence, metadata availability, changes over time, standardisation, methodological transparency, and relevance. We assessed how the data could be used to produce key performance indicators and potential new official statistics. Our analysis reveals that, at present, a limited set of smart city data is suitable for creating new official statistics, though others could potentially be made suitable with changes to data management. If these new official statistics are to be realised then National Statistical Institutions need to work closely with those organisations generating the data to try and implement a robust set of procedures and standards that will produce consistent, long-term data sets.


An important issue of supporting multi-user video streaming over wireless networks is how to optimize the systematic scheduling by intelligently utilizing the available network resources while, at the same time, to meet each video's Quality of Service (QoS) requirement. In this work, we study the problem of video streaming over multi-channel multi-radio multihop wireless networks, and develop fully distributed scheduling schemes with the goals of minimizing the video distortion and achieving certain fairness. We first construct a general distortion model according to the network¿s transmission mechanism, as well as the rate distortion characteristics of the video. Then, we formulate the scheduling as a convex optimization problem, and propose a distributed solution by jointly considering channel assignment, rate allocation, and routing. Specifically, each stream strikes a balance between the selfish motivation of minimizing video distortion and the global performance of minimizing network congestions. Furthermore, we extend the proposed scheduling scheme by addressing the fairness problem. Unlike prior works that target at users' bandwidth or demand fairness, we propose a media-aware distortion-fairness strategy which is aware of the characteristics of video frames and ensures max-min distortion-fairness sharing among multiple video streams. We provide extensive simulation results which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.


Abstract The main purpose of the present work is to investigate the simultaneous effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and shape memory alloy (SMA) wires on the thermal buckling behavior of graphite fiber/epoxy (GF/EP) composite plates. The thermal stability equations of hybrid SMA/CNT/GF/EP composite plates are derived based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and solved using generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method. The influences of CNTs and SMA wires on the buckling temperature of the hybrid composite plates are assessed for different geometric parameters, layups and boundary conditions. The numerical results indicate that CNTs have an almost constant effect on the thermal stability of composite plates while SMAs show different performances, depending on the geometric parameters, layups and boundary conditions. Interestingly, it is shown that in some circumstances, the use of either CNTs or SMAs alone does not effectively change the thermal buckling behavior of the composite plates, but their co-incorporation leads to a dramatic enhancement in the buckling temperature of the structure.


Systemic blood pressure, recorded by various parameters, always shows variation. This is known as 'variability', an entity not assessed routinely. Research has shown greater prognostic importance of it than routine parameters. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate it. Depending on the interval of successive readings, blood pressure variability is of five types, with different non-invasive methods utilized for recording. It is calculated by various statistical parameters, the most common being standard deviation, but average real variability is the most accurate and easily applied. Clinical evidence is increasing rapidly, indicating variability as a prognostic marker for stroke, ischemic heart disease, renal failure, cognitive dysfunction, heart failure, and mortality. Therapeutic measures for the control of variability have also been forwarded. The paucity of clinical application of blood pressure variability is the stimulus to narrate this review, especially for physicians managing hypertensive patients.


In view of existing situation of undergraduate computer majors who has weak hands and limited scientific research capacity,on the basis of analysis about current college courses system and the demand of society for talent,this paper presents an idea about how to train applied talents in the undergraduate,combining with implementation of applied talents practice,made innovative achievements about investigate the mode of applied talents' cultivating and locating.


After emergence of the concept of Food Security it has evolved with time and with trade liberalization. It has also grown in importance. Trade liberalization has brought out many faces of food security. In some countries it has resulted in better security in household and national level and in some it has shown a trend of decline. This has been exemplified with empirical evidence. Food security as a concept is mainly related with household and thus has direct relation with purchasing capability of individual household. The trend in trade of a country depends wholly on its resource. Thus trade liberalization has different effects on different countries on the basis of their resources and their implication. So, it is better to have precautionary measures to avoid any negative impact of the world effecting phenomenon as trade liberalization. In this paper first we consider the food security position of different countries across the world, and after that we took special looks on Indian economies food security status empirically. We have examined the effect of openness of trade on food security. However the per capita food availability in Indian economies has been considered as a proxy for food security measure.


The influence of space charge in the space electron beam focusing system is introduced.Then charge-quantity distribution method which is used to calculate the density of space charge and the Computer Aided Design (CAD) method are put forward The result by programming calculation shows that the method is correct.


In a study of 418 children in Grade 6 in Jamaica, West Indies the independent variables were sex, family size, birth order, occupational level, father's presence, preference for conceptual style, field dependence, reading achievement, and mental ability. Mathematics achievement was the dependent variable. Stepwise regression analysis yielded mental ability, reading achievement, and family size as the best predictors, in that order, of achievement in mathematics.


This paper evaluates the numerical calculation of concrete creep and proposes a calculation method for creep analysis of concrete structures.Based on the composite element,3D model of concrete creep is created firstly.Then,according to the time-dependent variation of structural characteristics,recurrence formula is developed.Based on virtual work principle,concrete creep stiffness matrix is established,and equivalent load of free creep strain is obtained step by step.Generally,the composite element inherits and expands the features of original solid isoparametric elements,and considers contributions of steel and concrete to the element stiffness separately.Analyzing results show that the resistance effects of steel to the creep can be conveniently considered using the composite element,yielding more accurate prediction of the stress redistribution between concrete and steel and the calculation of displacements and internal forces of structures.


SUMMARY
Two genotypes of perennial ryegrass (Loliutn perenne L.), one (S23) sensitive to SO2 and the other (BR) reported to be resistant, were exposed to 0, 50 or 150 ni SO2 1−1 (0, 133 or 398 μg SO2 m−3 at STP) for four weeks under conditions that gave 'slow', 'medium' or 'fast' rates of growth. These treatments allowed comparisons of the responses between genotypes over a range of conditions within which plants could be expected to exhibit maximum and minimum sensitivities to SO2. Significant effects on growth from exposure to SO2 were observed primarily when growth was slow, when the plants were expected to be most sensitive. Although exposure to 150 nl SO2 1−1 significantly increased stomatal resistance two-fold in both genotypes during slow growth, there was no accompanying diminution in leaf sulphur content, implying that a two-fold increase in stomatal resistance is not sufficient to be considered an avoidance mechanism to SO2.

Compared with the sensitive S23 gentoype under control (SO2-free conditions, the resistant BR genotype shows slightly greater stomatal resistance, reduced absorption of sulphate through the roots, and reduced dry matter production. Reduced dry matter production in BR may be attributed to its peculiar isoenzyme of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, which shows a greater resistance to inhibition by sulphite but lower carboxylation rates than ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from S23.


Marketing on a Shoestring Budget will deliver to readers the basics of marketing with practical suggestions for expanding patronage and improving the presence of libraries in an easy-to-understand format.


This study investigates the average relative burned area, as a function of different conditions, in 29 countries. Detailed international statistics of forest fires, published by FAO and European Commission, are used as empirical data. A multivariate fire area function with empirically very convincing statistical properties is defined, tested, and estimated. A set of hypotheses was created based on three fundamental factors. The hypotheses could not be rejected on statistical grounds, and the estimated parameters obtained the expected signs with very low P-values. The residual analysis supports the selected functional form. Future fire areas are predicted for 29 countries, conditional on three alternative levels of global warming conditions. The estimated fire area function can explain the forest fire areas in different countries via three fundamental factors that are 1) The average area of forest fires divided by the total forest area is increasing the average temperature. Hence, global warming is expected to make future forest fire problems even more severe, 2) The average forest fire area divided by the total forest area is an increasing function of the total forest area, and finally 3) The average area of forest fires divided by the total forest area is a decreasing function of the population's size.


The objectives of this study were to determine the physicochemical composition, phenolic, tocopherol, flavonoid, flavanol, dietary fiber and β-carotene contents, as well as the antioxidant activity of three olive-waste cakes from varieties Picual, Frantoio and Arbequina. Frantoio presented the highest dietary fiber content and Arbequina showed the highest β-carotene content. Results indicated that total phenolic content followed the sequence (Frantoio > Picual > Arbequina). Picual presented the highest free phenolic and flavonoid contents (3499.11 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dry weight (DW) and 1331.45 mg CTE/100 g DW, respectively) showing the highest antioxidant capacity. The identified free phenolic compounds of the three varieties were gallic acid, 3-hydroxytyrosol, rutin hydrate, tyrosol and p-coumaric acids. The α-tocopherol was the predominant for the three varieties.

Practical Aplications

Olive oil processing produces significant amount of waste that can be utilized for the production of high value-added ingredients for various industrial applications. Therefore, the information here reported may stimulate engineers to re-evaluate these wastes, with the possibility to recover significant amounts of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant capacity and dietary fiber in order to produce food additives in the scenario of functional foods.


A cancer curing agent is manufd. by mixing trace amt. of 2keto-3- deoxyoctanoate with 350-475 n mol/mg phosphorus and 1700-2000 nmol/mg fatty acid. Thus, methanol-chloroform precipitate in methanol is treated with 0.2N-HCl, incubated, and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 min. The lower phase is dissolved in 2:1 chloroform/methanol mixt., treated with H2O, and centrifuged. After aqueous phase is discarded, the lower phase is mixed with 4:1 CHCl3/Methanol mixt. to give 13mg refined detoxified endotoxin.


As a general rule it may be taken that the main sources of existence for cities are commerce and industry, the administration of a larger area and the cult of the gods in a protected place, that of villages is mainly agriculture and what is closely connected with it. There seem to be many exceptions to this rule. In the Netherlands, for example, the peasants of small villages north of Amsterdam earned large sums in overseas trade in the i7th and I8th centuries, and the people of Vriezenveen, a village in the east of the country, made fortunes by exporting their fine handwoven linens to Leningrad in the I9th century. On the contrary, it seems that, in the third millennium B.C. the Sumerian cities in south Mesopotamia, with a large population for those days, mainly lived by agriculture 1). One has only to look at


A new magnetic particle testing system using image processing has been developed for the task of detecting surface defects of square billets, instead of being done manually, at Kokura Steel Works. The system has been used in a square billets inspection and grinding line since July 1993 and has contributed to its fully automatic operation so that the number of operators for inspection can be reduced. The system is 100% accurate in detecting the defects which are more than 0.3 mm deep in real time.


The proliferation of communication and positioning technologies in combination with the trend to share such information resulted in an explosion of geotagged temporal data. This opened an era of intelligent Big Data management for near real-time spatio-temporal applications as its sheer volume (i.e., millions of users world-wide) can not be processed in due time using conventional solutions. Followed by the emergence of location-aware social services, a new challenging kNN task arose, namely allowing mobile users to identify their k geographically closest neighboring nodes at all times. We analyze models and metrics that are the foundation of efficient solutions for near real-time processing Big Data in such spatio-temporal scenarios. In this book chapter, we study the problem of efficiently processing such a query in a cellular or WiFi network, both of which are ubiquitous. We present an algorithm, coined Proximity, which does not require any additional infrastructure or specialized hardware and its efficiency is mainly attributed to a smart search space sharing technique we present and analyze. Its implementation is based on a novel data structure, coined k+-heap. Proximity, being parameter-free, performs efficiently in the face of high mobility and skewed distribution of users (e.g., the service works equally well in downtown, suburban, or rural areas).


This paper compares the computation time of two algorithms for solving a structured constrained linear optimal control problem with finite horizon quadratic cost within the context of automated irrigation networks. The first is a standard centralized algorithm based on the active set method that does not exploit problem structure. The second is distributed and is based on a consensus algorithm, not specifically tailored to account for system structure. It is shown that there is a significant advantage in terms of computation overhead (the time spent computing the optimal solution) in using the second algorithm in large-scale networks. Specifically, for a fixed horizon length the computation overhead of the centralized algorithm grows as O(n5) with the number n of sub-systems. By contrast, it is observed via a combination of analysis and experiment that given n times resources for computation the computation overhead of the distributed algorithm grows as O(n) with the number n of sub-systems.


Abstract The role of ammonium ions in order–disorder ferroelastic, ferroelectric and structural phase transitions was studied in mixed [(NH4)1–x Rb x ]3H(SO4)2 0 0·6. It was found that small Rb concentrations, x 0·09 these phase transitions are fully suppressed. Finally, for Rb concentrations 0·05 < x < 0·9 a proton glass phase appears below 35 K.


In Reply.—
 We thank Dr Eigen for noting that our paper on choking1 showed just how (as asserted by Heimlich and others) back blows might be harmful in the emergency treatment of severe choking. In the same issue, there is a review by Heimlich,2 and there is also a report by Greensher and Mofenson,3 which advises back blows as the first maneuver to save a choking child and expresses fear that a child's abdominal organs could be injured by abdominal thrusts.


This paper suggests a new diagnostic measure for detecting influential observations in linear discriminant analysis (LDA). It is developed from a Bayesian point of view using a default Bayes factor obtained from the imaginary training sample methodology. The Bayes factor is taken as a criterion for testing homogeneity of covariance matrices in LDA model. It is noted that the effect of an observation over the criterion is fully explained by the diagnostic measure. We suggest a graphical method that can be taken as a tool for interpreting the diagnostic measure and detecting influential observations. Performance of the measure is examined through an illustrative example.


These days, the social sciences must circulate through the Islamic, African, Asian, and occidental worlds because the European discourse can no longer be seen as the universal discourse. In 1517, more than 500 years ago, the Lutheran Reformation fractured Europe. That very same year, the Spanish conquistadors took over Mexico, colonizing and christianizing it. They also introduced the way in which we write history. The conquerors were completely ignorant about the indigenous societies. However, in order to impose their laws, they had to learn about their customs and, therefore, the past of those they conquered. But, what is history and time in the mind of the indigenous peoples? Time was not yet a universal value. How could the Spaniards, formed in a Christian Europe where history was chronological and focused, understand and accept Mesoamerican cosmology? The civilized against barbarians? In a few decades, the «time machine» of the invadors was used to capture the memories of the Amerindian native societies in order to fabricate a past that could be linked with the ancient heritage of Christianity. The author offers an original exploration of the beginning of the colonial expansion and explains how across the territory, the religious and the indigenous peoples began to write a history of the world.


We analyze the work of the Seventh Volga scientific-methodological seminar on teaching and studying the disciplines of the antiquity cycle in relation to the overall objectives of "Association of Regional Centers of Greco-Latin cultural linguistics", working under the section "Classical, Byzantine and modern Greek philology" of the Scientific and Methodological Council on philology of Russian classical universities.


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This study was done with the aim of deepening the understanding of the Maya Chay aquaponic systems. To meet the aim, a literature study on aquaponics, with an emphasis on the nitrogen metabolism in such systems, was conducted. Furthermore, a deep investigation of the specific Maya Chay systems was made to understand how these systems might be different from the general aquaponic designs. Finally, two nitrogen balances were developed with the purpose of examining the dynamics of the nitrogen transformations in two Maya Chay aquaponic systems. The measurements for the nitrogen balances was made between Mars 2017 to July 2017, and the model for the nitrogen balances evaluated the amount of nitrogen as: i) nitrogen input to the system through the feed, ii) nitrogen assimilated by the fish and the plants, iii) nitrogen accumulated in the sludge, and iv) nitrogen lost to the atmosphere through denitrification and similar processes such as


In order to obtain a non-overshoot and fast response in a servo system, approaches using nonlinear compensation actively have been proposed. This paper makes it clear that excelent performence can be obtained by using a hysteresis element in speed control system. This control law can be realized simply by changing the P element of PI controller into a non-linear hysteresis element. The finite time settling response which is non-overshoot and fast can be obtained. Therefore this control law is named Hysteresis plus Integral Control. In addition, it makes clear that control law is an expansion of Hysteresis feedback control which has been presented. The approach is examined by some simulations and experiments. As a result, it is confirmed that Hysteresis plus Integral Control is a effective law for finite time settling compensation of a servo system.


The paper presents an analysis of the neuropsychological mechanisms of spatial anticipation in alcohol dependence. Considering the spatial anticipation as a system of mental functions its decrease affects both neuropsychiatric, and mental, and social-psychological levels of its implementation in alcohol dependence. The study has revealed that the spatial anticipation in alcohol dependence is provided by functional direction of the parietal and occipital organization processes and is realized in echolalia, and perseverative and negative associative reactions.


The MADS box genes participate in different steps of vegetative and reproductive plant development, including the most important phases of the reproductive process. Here we describe the isolation and characterisa- tion of two Asparagus officinalis MADS box genes, AOM3 and AOM4. The deduced AOM3 protein shows the highest degree of similarity with ZAG3 and ZAG5 of maize, OsMADS6 of rice and AGL6 of Arabidopsis thaliana. The deduced AOM4 protein shows the highest degree of similarity with AOM1 of asparagus, the SEP proteins of Arabidopsis and the rice proteins OsMADS8, OsMADS45 and OsMADS7. The high level of identity between AOM1 and AOM4 made impossible the prepa- ration of probes specific for one single gene, so the hybridisation signal previously described for AOM1 is probably due to the expression of both genes. The expression profile of AOM3 and AOM1/AOM4 during flower development is identical, and similar to that of the SEP genes. Asparagus genes, however, are expressed not only in flower organs, but also in the different meristem present on the apical region of the shoot during the flowering season: the apical meristem and the three lateral meristems emerging from the leaf axillary region that will give rise to flowers and lateral inflorescences during flowering season, and to phylloclades and branches during the subsequent vegetative phase. The expression of AOM3 and AOM1/AOM4 in these meristems appears to be correlated with the reproductive function of the apex as the hybridisation signal disappears when the apex switches to vegetative function.


In the early period of the late Proterozoic Era (1100 m.y. +/-) an aulacogen mobile belt was formed in the southeast of China. It extends about 1000 km crossing the Yantze Platform and Jiangnan Foldbelt in NNE-NE direction and adjoins the south China geosyncline basement. This belt shows some features of geology and mineralization similar to the Adelaide geosyncline and the Zambia-Zaire Copper-uranium belt. Within the belt, there are about 9000 to 12,000 m polystratotype strata and continuous sediments of the Late Proterozoic Erathem, including alkaline and meta-alkaline volcanic products of 4 epochs of mainly marine facies. A great number of ore-forming elements, such as Cu, U, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, P, and W, Sn, TR etc., were deposited and enriched in the whole volcano-sedimentary sequency at various times and in various places. A few of them have become syngenetic deposits, but most of them have been transformed into large-scale ore deposits or mineralization fields or areas of copper and gold, lead-zinc and silver, uranium, tungsten, tin, and other metals.


It is not uncommon that cover cracking, spalling and delamination have occurred. Previous research has mainly been concerned with corrosion levels leading to cover cracking along the main reinforcement, while corrosion of stirrups is often overlooked. Corrosion phenomena including stirrup corrosion were studied in an experimental investigation presented in this paper. High levels of corrosion were reached, up to 20% of the main bars and 34% of the stirrups legs. The occurrence of crack initiation, propagation and cover delamination were examined. The specimens had the shape of a beam end and were corroded with an accelerated method; an imposed current was used, taking care to keep the current density as low as practically possible for the duration of the laboratory testing. The effects of this process are compared with those of natural corrosion using models from the literature. The location of the bar, middle and corner placement, the amount of transverse reinforcement and the corrosion level of longitudinal reinforcement and of transverse reinforcement were studied. The results concerning the concrete cracking in the experimental campaign are presented here. The crack patterns and widths are analysed, showing differences between specimens with or without stirrups and when stirrups are corroding or not. Finally, the effect of corrosion was simulated as the expansion of corrosion products in a finite element model, and the results, mainly the crack pattern and width, are compared with the test results. The conclusions address the importance of taking into consideration both high corrosion levels and corrosion of stirrups for the assessment of deteriorated structures.


Organic electro-optic (EO) materials are the materials of choice for high speed optical modulators with modulation frequencies greater than 100 GHz. This is due to the large EO effects observed and a low material dispersion of the dielectric constant resulting in a very small velocity mismatch between the optical and electrical waves. However, the implementation of organic materials into real devices has been hindered by several factors such as an insufficient long-term thermal and photochemical stability of the widely investigated poled polymers or the lack of available structuring techniques for the inherently superior organic EO crystalline materials. Here we report on the realization of integrated organic EO single-crystalline Mach-Zehnder modulators by a recently developed melt based channel growth technique. The main fabrication concept is to grow the organic EO singlecrystals from the melt directly in pre-structured and electroded waveguide channels, which were obtained by standard optical lithographic techniques and wafer bonding. By this method single crystal structure details with a size below 30 nm have been achieved and the growth of single-crystalline Mach-Zehnder modulators has been successfully demonstrated, where we have chosen DAT2 (2-(3-(2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)vinyl)-5,5- dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)malononitrile) as EO material. The half-wave voltage × length product determined in the DAT2 based Mach-Zehnder modulators has been found to be 78 ± 2 Vcm for TE-modes and 60 ±1 Vcm for TM-modes at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. The accuracy and reproducibility of the process allowed also for the realization of the first EO single-crystalline microring resonator in an organic material.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to begin to explore the strategic priorities of unicorn ventures as pursuers of market disruption. This study approaches this task by drawing on the positive deviance concept for studying outliers with the intent of understanding the strategic priorities of these ventures.Design/methodology/approachThis is a comparison study of the priorities of 75 unicorn ventures, 37 early-stage ventures and 45 Fortune 500 organizations. The authors use computer-aided text analysis to conduct within-sample and between-sample means comparison tests of 12,487 newswires from 2022.FindingsWhere early-stage ventures emphasize their mission, and Fortune 500 companies emphasize financial results, unicorn ventures, occupy the middle of the spectrum, balancing their priorities between pursuing market disruption and achieving financial results. These high-growth outliers indicate their priorities by using significantly less positive tone, affective and prosocial language, and focusing less on corporate social responsibility initiatives, compared to early-stage ventures (and using more of this language compared to Fortune 500 ventures). An additional finding emphasizes that public Fortune 500 companies focus significantly more on money than their topic of interest.Originality/valueThis work has implications for understanding the strategic priorities of entrepreneurial ventures in different development stages. The results suggest that unicorn ventures actively work to balance their startup mission, which allows them to experience high-growth and achieve market disruption, with the financial demands of venture capital investors. This novel conclusion demonstrates the value of using positively deviant outlier cases, such as unicorn ventures, as a viable sample for studying market disruption.


An update is presented on the NASA Lewis Stirling component technology program. The component technology program has been organized as part of the NASA Lewis effort to develop Stirling converter technology for space power applications. The Stirling space power project is part of the High Capacity Power element of the NASA Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI). Lewis is also providing technical management of a DOE funded project to develop Stirling converter systems for distributed dish solar terrestrial power applications. The primary contractors for the space power and solar terrestrial projects develop component technologies directly related to their project goals. This Lewis component technology program, while coordinated with these main projects, is aimed at longer term issues, advanced technologies, and independent assessments. Topics to be discussed include bearings, linear alternators, controls and load interaction, materials/life assessment, and heat exchangers.


Examines the question of liability for rates on empty premises in the light of an increasing number of property vacancies in the United Kingdom. Discusses the general principle of rate liability, classes of property liable to empty rates, ownership, mortgagee′s right to possession, avoiding liability, liquidation, and minimizing the empty rate. Concludes that the potentially onerous liability of empty rate has to be weighed against the loss of control by the mortgagee, for example, through a receiver.


The plasticity of bituminous coals in the range 350 to 500/sup 0/C is of critical importance in thermomechanical fluidization such as is required for coal pumping by heated screws and in hydrogenolysis in the absence of added solvent. The fact that the optimum reaction temperatures for three major current liquefaction technologies are nearly identical and are close to the fluidity maxima for many plastic coals suggests that the processes comprising coal melting are critically important to hydroliquefaction. More generally, coal plasticity is obviously involved in caking problems. The most widely used method of measuring coal plasticity was developed by Gieseler. It is often useful to study phenomena under isothermal conditions. Gieseler plastometry lends itself to such studies, since sample warmup time in the standard crucible (2 to 3 min.) is short in comparison with the usual melting/coking time scale (20 to 120 min.). The isothermal plastometric curves at 410 to 412/sup 0/C obtained with the three coals described in Table 1 are shown in Figure 1. Extrusion pumping of coals in the plastic state entails substantially isothermal operations for residence times of a few minutes in the screw. Several coals, including those of the present study, have been extruded withmore » no difficulty in JPL's 1.5-in. coal pump. Two coals which showed very little plasticity (less than 2 ddpm) were not extrudable. The isothermal plastometry profiles may prove to be a useful tool in predicting behavior in coal pumps. Recent evidence of the substantial effect of pressure upon observed plasticity indicates that this variable should be considered in future work.« less


Implementation of the Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings tool improved nurses' competency and confidence in their triage capabilities. This tool has the potential to improve patient outcomes. However, staff turnover and limited physician buy-in were barriers to sustainability of the tool in low-resource settings. Key Findings Nursing staff felt more empowered to communicate clinical findings to the physician team following the Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings tool training and implementation process. The process of implementing the tool triggered more calls from nursing staff to the physician teams to initiate early intervention. Key Implications The Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings tool has the potential to improve competency and confidence of nurses in their triage capabilities. Although traditionally implemented in tertiary care centers, program managers should consider implementing this tool at the district hospital (secondary) level as well. Physicians and nurses both play crucial roles in triaging systems. Therefore, program managers should consider engaging both groups with the tool before and during implementation. ABSTRACT Background: Pediatric early warning (PEW) scores represent a "track-and-trigger system" that identifies clinical deterioration in a patient's condition in the hours preceding a sentinel event. Before implementation, nurses reported feeling unprepared to identify and advocate for acutely ill patients owing to a lack of skills, vocabulary, and agency. We implemented a Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings (PEWS-RL) with nurses in a rural district hospital in Rwanda. Although PEW scores can improve clinical outcomes, empowering nurses in resource-limited settings to discuss patient acuity with physicians is a critical first step. Our primary aims were to train nurses to obtain more accurate vital signs and assess their importance as early warning signs of clinical deterioration and use PEW scores to improve communication between nurses and physicians. Implementation: The PEWS-RL tool implementation began with a training program that was created through discussions with nurses, physicians, and the medical director of the hospital. The program included lectures and application of learned skills through direct clinical mentorship of nurses, as well as training of physicians regarding PEWS-RL as a communication tool. Evaluation: The PEWS-RL protocol was evaluated based on pre- and post-tests to assess improvement in nurses' knowledge and skill, as well as skills assessments of accurate recognition of clinical deterioration. All 6 nurses passed skill testing with >80% accuracy. Nurses' feelings of empowerment to advocate for patients and to escalate care were assessed through pre- and post-training interviews. Nurses described increased confidence in calling for physician support. Discussion: Implementation of PEW scores increased nurses' technical skills and feelings of confidence and empowerment; however, the low-resource setting presented major challenges. Barriers to sustainable implementation include the rapid ward staff turnover as well as limited physician buy-in. Nevertheless, the PEWS-RL tool has the potential to empower nurses and improve patient outcomes if fully embraced by staff.


Cr24Ni6Mo2N stainless steel is a duplex stainless steel and under the normal heat treatment condition its structure consists of ferrite phase (50%) and austenite phase (50%). Its superior pitting corrosion resistance has been proved by its pitting breakdown potential (E_b) and protective potential (E_p), indoor accelerated corrosion test and marine corrosion test. Its stress corrosion resistance and impingement corrosion resistance are also very good.


This paper presents the generation of solid waste in a private hospital in the large region of the "Triângulo Mineiro", as it's segregation and handling , and how health professionals bear before it. For about two months the waste generation processes of the institution were followed, and then several failures was observed from your segregation. We conducted a comparative with other institution, public, large, the same region, and analyzed the large discrepancy in the data infectious waste generation between them.


Migration into, out of, and within East Asia (comprising Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia) will undoubtedly increase as we continue into the twenty-first century. We need sustained research to provide fresh insights into transnational migrants' changing subjective positions and power as they move in/out of East Asia, constructing complex social locations as they live their lives transnationally. The papers in this special issue focus on three issues that are of pertinence to the transnational migrations and the resulting migrant transnationalisms of those who move for work, education, marriage and retirement, and as refugees, in the context of East Asia: the power structures (including the institutional regulatory frameworks of sending and receiving societies) within which migrants must operate; migrants' multiple and shifting social positions as they move; and the transnational connections and networks they maintain over the course of their migration journeys.


Even more speculative seem the conclusions derived from the assumptions that certain "regions" are outside the primary control, such as the family, the experience of the older generation, older "cultural vehicles", groups of friends, and illegal underground cells, thus establishing a secondary or "reverse pattern" of control. Strangely, the churches, unions, and even lack of discipline within the Communist Party, are not included here, although presumably of considerable importance. While there is no reason to doubt that there is latent conflict between these secondary and the primary agencies of control, no proof is given for the astounding statement that "the collisions between the primary and secondary patterns of the control form the main process of changes in the present Czechoslovakian society" nor is any evidence offered as to the crucial question of the relative strength of the conflicting patterns of control. It seems highly doubtful that the end of communist rule in Czechoslovakia will be hastened by this type of sociological analysis, or even that much light is thrown by it on the realities of communist society, apart from the facts presented in the first part of the book. It must regrettably be added that the intelligibility of the book, and its value, are greatly diminished by execrable English.


The effect of the operating conditions (temperature, time, pH, enzyme level and pulp consistency) used in the enzymatic step of a XP (Cartazyme-hydrogen peroxide) sequence for bleaching Kraft pulp from bagasse on various properties of the resulting pulp and paper sheet products was studied. The quality of bagasse used, was examined by its yield, brightness,viscosity and the Kappa number. Finally, the quality of paper sheets produced were examined by their brightness, breaking length, burst index and tear index. The total number of experiments required for five independent variables was calculated from N=2k+2k+1 equation, in which k is the number of independent variables. The results of 43 experiments performed, were processed using the MINITAB software suite which provided equations that reproduced the values of the dependent variables with less error. The application of the steepest ascent method has been carefully inserted in the experimental design section the identification of the most suitable conditions for optimizing the values of the dependent variables. Based on the results, using enzyme level 6 (IU/g) , temperature 35°C, pH 5 and pulp consistency 12% for 2 hrs. in the enzymatic step provided paper sheets of acceptable quality.


Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.) is an agent of serious foodborne illness. It is a major concern for the food industry, since microorganism, growing in biofilms is protected against cleaning and disinfection and is difficult to eradicate. Aim of this study was to develop a protocol to assess the ability of two flexible packaging materials, named HGP40 and GND35, submitted to corona discharge treatment, to limit the production of L.m. biofilm at 12±1°C. Two strains were selected for this study: L.m ATCC 7644 and L. m. EURL 12MOB098LM isolated from dairy products. Results suggest that both L.m. strains were able to form biofilm on packaging materials tested. The differences on HGP40 and GND35s treated and not treated surfaces were not statistically significant.


Abstract : The Pittsburgh District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is responsible for operating two multipurpose reservoirs in the 7384 square mile (19198 square kilometer) Monongahela Basin. A third reservoir, presently under construction, will soon be operating. The real-time forecasting of runoff for operational purposes requires simulation of snow accumulation and snowmelt throughout the Basin during the winter season. This article describes capabilities of SNOSIM, a model being developed for performing such simulation. The application of this model as part of a comprehensive system of water control software, and some initial simulation results are presented. Reprints.


Experiments were conducted in a linear sand pack to determine recoveries of a light oil and viscous oil by injection of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and CO/sub 2/-H/sub 2/S mixtures. Experimental results indicated that the light oil was displaced miscibly when the injected fluid was in a liquid phase; miscible displacement apparently was achieved at lower pressures with hydrogen sulfide than with carbon dioxide. Miscibility was not obtained in tests conducted with the viscous oil, and recoveries of this oil prior to breakthrough were approximately equal for carbon dioxide and for hydrogen sulfide. However, hydrogen sulfide was substantially more effective than carbon dioxide in displacing the viscous oil after breakthrough of the injected fluid. 15 references.


Human endometrium is a unique adult tissue that undergoes cyclical shedding, repair, and regeneration during a woman's reproductive life. Over the past 2 decades, tremendous progress has been made towards the identification and characterization of endometrial stromal stem/progenitor cells . The substantial regeneration of vascularized stroma in the endometrium during the proliferative stages of each menstrual cycle is likely to be mediated by endometrial mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. This review focuses on the perivascular niche for CD140b+CD146+ pericytes and SUSD2+ perivascular cells. The identity, characteristics, and underlying mechanisms of uterine regeneration are also discussed.


A sweet corn plant usually does not appear to produce as great a weight of grain as a dent corn plant of equal size and leaf area. McCluer (i) a and Kiesselbach and Cook (2) show that the individual kernel on a sweet corn ear has its weight increased about 2o to 3o°~ by pollination with dent corn pollen. Unpublished studies by Rothgeb at this Station not only show that the individual kernel on a sweet corn ear has its weight increased 20 to 25% by pollination with dent corn pollen, but indicate also that the total weight of grain produced by the sweet corn plant is increased by such pollination. It appeared as unlikely that the carbohydrate-assimilating power of the plant is increased by fertilizatiofi with dent corn pollen. Therefore, it seemed logical to assume that the change in the type of endosperm induced by such pollination affected the proportion of total carbohydrates which entered the kernels from the plant. Studies were carried on during I928 and i929 in an effort to determine whether the distribution of carbohydrates in a corn plant can be varied by changing the type of endosperm in the kernels produced by that plant. The ~9~8 results were brought into question because plants were prostrated and partially uprooted by the heaviest rain irf the history of the local weather station. However, the general findings in that year were corroborated by those of I929. Analyses of dent corn plants were made also, but the results are not included because it seems desirable to confine all comparisons to plants of one genetic type. The following procedur~ was carried out for the tests included in this report. Two sugar corn strains that resulted from many years of inbreeding were crossed to produce a vigorous progeny that would shov~ a high degree of genetic uniformity. Seed resulting from the cross between these two inbred strains was planted in four rows 54 hills long. The plants in these rows were treated in one or another of three different ways. On some plants bags were put over the ear shoots to prevent pollination from any source. Other plants were pollinated with sugar corn pollen. Still others were pollinated with dent corn pollen. Repeated pollinations were made to insure wellfilled ears. It was desired to learn whether absence of grain on a plant results in the accumulation of excess sugars in the various plant parts; whether the presence Of sugar corn kernels results in a partial drainage of these sugars into the kernels; and finally, whether the presence


Species distribution modelling (SDM) --i.e. the prediction of species potential geographic distributions based on correlations between known presence records and the environmental conditions at occurrence localities-- is one of the most freqently cited developments in recent years in the realm of biodiversity studies (Web of Science 2019). The reasons for the explosion in SDM studies reside in: a) the pressure to know species distributions (under both present and future climate change scenarios) with precision to satisfy scientific as well as societal objectives; b) the impossibility of knowing every occurrence of all but the most conspicuous and/or special interest species; c) the availability of primary occurrence and environmental data in unprecedented amounts, thanks to initiatives like the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF); and d) the development of algorithms and software, along with the computing power, which allow inference of species distribution models from the available data.
 The standard methods to produce such models are based on environmental feature vectors, and some well-established algorithms such as distance-based machine learning, regression or a combination of these (Tsoar et al. 2007).
 In this presentation, we explore deep learning techniques (LeCun et al. 2015), particularly how those developed in recent years could contribute to the study of species distribution (see also Botella et al. 2018; Deneu et al. 2018). In this contribution we aim to identify sibling species on the basis of their ecological preferences. In this exercise, we prepare an image-based environmental representation space using an unsupervised classification approach, instead of a set of environmental feature vectors. For our case study, we chose a well-known cosmopolitan myxomycete (i.e., mycetozoan) species: Hemitrichia serpula (Scop.) Rostaf., whose ecological preferences --involving several biomes-- may suggest that it could comprise several sibling species.


The title compound, C10H9F3N2O2, was prepared by the reaction of m-phenylenediamine and ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate. In the crystal, intermolecular C—H⋯ F, N—H⋯F, O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O interactions contribute to the crystal packing.


The utility model discloses a fixing member for compressor transportation, a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate are connected via a connecting plate, the first fixing plate is arranged at one end of the connecting plate and extends toward one side of the connecting plate, the second fixing plate is arranged at the other end of the connecting plate and extends toward the other side of the connecting plate, a first fixing hole and a second fixing hole are respectively arranged in the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, Before the transportation, the fixing member for compressor transportation enables the rigid connection of the compressor and the chassis, thereby preventing the compressor from large vibration during the transportation and preventing the set pipelines from being damaged. When the compressor arrives at the destination, the effective damping of the compressor is realized by removing the fixing member. Meanwhile, the utility model further discloses a fixing structure equipped with the fixing member for compressor transportation.


This paper presents work on the combination of (a) environmental chemistry, (b) three‐way analysis by Parafac constrained to non‐negative results and (c) multivariate calibration. For two different environmental examples it is shown how the loading parameters from an independent three‐way analysis can be used in a regression against external data. This combination leads to an easier interpretation of the results. The data are from Arctic aerosol studies. The subjectively obtained Parafac loadings are regressed against temperature anomalies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Many practitioners are currently involved in the exploration of the added value of using M-Learning in language acquisition both inside and outside of the formal classroom. The EU-funded SIMOLA consortium, a Lifelong Learning initiative, has developed the LingoBee app from the seeded JISC-funded project Cloudbank in response to both the perceived need and desire for a learner-centered, crowd-sourced repository of language and cultural items which learners are exposed to in-situ, and also for more trials in the context of informal learning as commented on by Frohberg 2006 and Wright and Parchoma 2011. The functionality of the app has been designed around Web 2.0 features. Current field trials are examining the use of the app in both formal and informal settings. Data are being collected through both quantitative and qualitative methods with reference to perceptions of M-Learning, effects on learners and teachers, and a linguistic analysis of language items captured during the field trials. One of the key aims of the project is to explore whether LingoBee makes a demonstrable difference to learners' awareness and understanding of both the target language and culture.


This paper describes the design and development of a shoe dryer using a microcontroller. Nowadays, people often travel and sometimes in rainy day, they need to dry their shoe in a very short time anywhere. However, very rare of places including shopping mall and hotel provide a shoe dryer. The shoe dryer is designed to help people who are in hurry to dry their shoe on the go. A temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature inside the shoe dryer, while a program is uploaded in the microcontroller for reading and data collection. The programming includes the activation of shoe dryer with the GSM module, thus it can be controlled using a mobile phone. An experiment was conducted to test the performance of the shoe dryer. The optimum performance was obtained when the temperature is set at 36°C, and timer at 60 seconds with normal room temperature. The temperature and timer need to be adjusted accordingly based on the shoe condition in order to get very satisfying results. This paper proved that the shoe dryer was successfully designed, implemented and analyzed.


Based on the basic data of large and medium-sized industrial enterprise by 37 industries in China,firstly,indicators are divided by means of the method of factor analysis,meanwhile the factor scores is put forward separately.Secondly,the normalized scores are multiplied with the weights of the corresponding principal factors and added to get the total scores of samples.Finally,according to the scores of samples,the agglomerative clustering is used to distinguish the difference of enterprise's technological innovation capability by several industries.Furthermore this paper discusses the influence of some key factors on technological innovation capacity in China's industry.


Background:Municipal solid waste includes household waste and similar wastecreated by commerce and institutions, which is in this case studycollected by the contractor Ragn-Sells on behalf of the m ...


The rise of four powerful democraciesBrazil, India, Indonesia, and Turkeypresents one of the most significant opportunities for U.S. foreign policy in the early 21st century. The democracies that have newly emerged on the global stage collectively possess the capability and the legitimacy to bolster the interlocking web of norms, institutions, rules, and relationships that has for six decades preserved peace among the great powers, fostered economic prosperity, and facilitated the spread of freedom. This global order now confronts numerous challenges, some emanating from China's rise and others from a diverse set of international developments. If these challenges eventually fragment the international order, the United States, its allies, and all other countries that depend upon an open and stable world will suffer the consequences. Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Turkey offer great potential as partners to extend the global order. Though separated by location and historical experience, these countries share not only a common commitment to democratic institutions but also possess large and growing economies while inhabiting strategic locations in their respective regions. And critically, the precise global role of each is in flux. These four rising democracies might be termed ''global swing states.'' 1 In the American political context, swing states are those whose mixed political orientation gives them a greater impact than their population or economic output might warrant. This applies to Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Turkey. The choices they makewhether they take on new responsibilities, free-ride, or obstructwill, in aggregate, decisively influence the trajectory of today's world.


funds" are more common today than in the past. These funds buy the bonds after a country defaults and do not join the agreements that larger bondholder organizations negotiate with debtor nations, preferring to sue these countries in American or European courts to try to secure payment of their claims in full. The book is a fun read for those familiar with the literature on globalization and the history of international finance. Nonexperts are advised to read chapter 7 and then go back to the Introduction. Because the book's objective is to use the past to inform current debates, readers unfamiliar with the topic would do well to start with chapter 7, which lays out the current problems in sovereign debt markets. Reading the book in the order suggested makes it suitable for use in a course in global economic history or international finance. The comparisons of today's sovereign debt markets with those of the past and clever use of cartoons from The Punch in every discussion make this an engaging book with which to elucidate the benefits and challenges of globalization.


Age structure and growth in the Moroccan spadefoot toad, Pelobates varaldii were estimated by skeletochronology and reported for the first time for a population living in NW Morocco. Snout vent length and body mass did not significantly differ between the sexes, although females appeared larger and heavier than males. Age ranged 2-7 years in males (mean age±SD: 4.5±1.2, n = 66) and 2-10 years in females (4.7±2.4, n = 20). The difference in age was not significant between the sexes. The modal age was 5 years for males and 3 years for females. The age distributions significantly differed between the sexes. Von Bertalanffy growth curves showed a similar profile between the sexes although growth coefficient was higher in males than in females. Longevity and growth rates of P. varaldii were compared with those of other species of the genus Pelobates.


In partnership with the IGC, Duke University's Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness (CGGC) reveals the potential for regional integration to strengthen value chains and improve productivity in Rwanda and Uganda.


A method to design a Buck converter and its control, which are associated to a wind generation system that is feeding an isolated load, is presented in this paper. To design the converter a Thevenin equivalent is deduced, which represents the behavior of the wind turbine, the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the rectifier. The design of the converter elements guarantees input/output voltages and inductor current ripples of 5 % or less. The output voltage control is developed with a proportional-integral-derivative controller and as design criteria a damping of 0,707 and cutoff frequency of 1/5 converter commutation frequency are selected. The designed controller regulates the output voltage faced load perturbations and wind speed variations.


1 The effect of indomethacin on the response of the NC carcinoma to methotrexate has been examined in vivo and in vitro. 2 Survival was prolonged in mice treated with indomethacin 1.25 mg kg−1 twice daily plus methotrexate 4 mg kg−1 daily, compared to mice given either drug alone or controls. 3 Indomethacin 1 μg ml−1 increased the killing of cultured NC cells by methotrexate. This was not due to displacement of methotrexate from binding sites on the serum proteins. Nor was it due (entirely) to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, since flurbiprofen did not mimic the effect. Inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase seems unlikely to explain the effect of indomethacin since theophylline had little or no effect on NC cell killing by methotrexate. 4 Indomethacin 1 μg ml−1 increased the accumulation of tritium in NC cells incubated with [3H]‐methotrexate. 5 In contrast, with normal epithelial cells from human embryonic intestine, indomethacin 1 μg ml−1 did not alter the cytotoxicity of methotrexate or the accumulation of tritium during incubation with [3H]‐methotrexate. 6 The beneficial interaction between indomethacin and methotrexate may have therapeutic potential in man.


Ternary composite flame retardantswereprepared via in-situpolymerization of ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-diatomite (DE)-nano-SiO2and were used for the improvement of flame retardance and smoke suppression of paper fibrous materials. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)were used to evaluate the thermal stability of the composite flame retardants andthe flame retardance and smoke suppression of paper loading the flame retardants. Results show that the LOI value of paper loading 20% APP-DE-2%nano-SiO2 reached 26.7%, which was higher than that of paper loading the same dose of the ternary compositefillers. The addition of nano-SiO2reduced the mass loss of the composite filler at high temperature and promoted the condensed phase flame retardation of the paper loading the composite filler. The existence of nano-SiO2reduced the heat release rate (HRR) and rate of smoke release (RSR) of paper sample, thereby improving the flame retardance and smoke suppression of fibrous materials.


Currently, what many patients the doctors face! What many kinds of drugs the pharmacists face! And it is so difficult for patients to see a doctor. The settlement of these issues depends on the comprehensive and systemic social management. But as for individuals, both doctors and pharmacists are required to learn from each other to make up their deficiencies. Doctors and pharmacists are mutual teachers. A radical revolution is needed in strategies and tactics. With the fast updating of knowledge and the continuous accumulation of experience, there is going to be a qualitative leap in clinical prescribing and administration. The purpose at that time would be to have more superior doctors who cure an illness without using any drug, less moderate doctors who also cure the same illness with one drug, and no inferior doctors who make patients die after using many drugs.


A distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is implemented at distribution level for overcoming several power quality problems commonly encountered today. Some of these problems considered here deal with issues of harmonics, unbalancing of loads, meeting reactive power demand of the load for improving power factor to unity and regulating the voltage. A new technique is proposed based on affine projection control algorithm and its design and implementation on a shunt compensator are discussed. The proposed control approach estimates the fundamental weight values of load currents. These weights are utilised to compute the magnitude and phase of reference grid currents and consequently gating pulses for three-phase voltage source converter (VSC). The control approach is based on the convergence of the weighted values and is independent of the property of the input signal. This control approach has characteristic of updating weights on the basis of multiple, delayed input signal vectors. Fast convergence of active and reactive weighted values is added advantage of the proposed control approach with the above-mentioned characteristics. A working prototype of the DSTATCOM is implemented using three-phase VSC and digital signal processor (DSP) (dSPACE 1104). The affine projection control approach is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK and verified on a prototype using DSP.


A measurement method, an exposure method, an exposure apparatus, and a device fabrication method are provided to measure accurately a synchronization error between a first stage for supporting a reticle and a second stage for supporting a substrate. A measurement method includes a process for measuring a synchronization error between a first stage and a second stage in a scanning exposure apparatus including the first stage for supporting a reticle, the second stage for supporting a substrate, and a projection optical system for projecting a pattern of the reticle onto the substrate. The measurement method further includes a process for measuring a light intensity distribution by scanning synchronously a measurement mask(10) having a measurement pattern(12) arranged on the first stage and a measurement unit(20) arranged on the second stage. The measurement method further includes a process for calculating a synchronization error between the first and second stages based on a time change in the light intensity distribution.


A convenient, versatile, and green CBS-asymmetric reduction of aryl and heteroaryl ketones has been developed by using the microreactor technology. The study demonstrates that it is possible to handle borane solution safely within microreactors and that the reaction performs well using 2-MeTHF as a greener solvent.


iii Foreword Large-value payment systems (LVPS) play a key role in the financial infrastructure, by discharging payment obligations between banks. The 1990s experienced a major transformation in the design of these systems: from deferred net settlement (DNS) systems, which settled only at the end of the day, to real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems, which settle on a continuous basis. This revolution was largely due to the possibilities offered by information and communication technology and to the measures taken by central banks to reduce systemic risks in these systems. The Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS) of the central banks of the Group of Ten countries reflected these changes by publishing in 1997 the report Real-time gross settlement systems. The purpose of this report is to present the state-of-the-art in LVPS, taking stock of the developments which have taken place since the 1997 report. It is written so as to be free-standing and not require reference to previous reports. The central message of the report is that interbank payments today settle faster, with a lower amount of liquidity (mainly central bank money), and at a lower cost. Indeed, whereas the key achievements in the 1990s were speed and safety of payments, the focus since the turn of the century has been to reduce liquidity costs and to provide users with more flexible intraday liquidity management. In parallel, new systems have emerged to meet an expanding demand for cross-border payments. The primary example is CLS (Continuous Linked Settlement), which was established to reduce credit risk in the settlement of foreign exchange transactions. Another example is the emergence of new infrastructures in countries where a foreign currency plays an important role. Standardised arrangements have been established that enable financial institutions to settle foreign currency transactions through a correspondent bank while using the same system design as the local RTGS system. While certain trade-offs exist between achieving lower risks and achieving lower costs, recent developments in LVPS design allow more flexibility in addressing various risk and cost trade-offs than previously available in traditional architectures. Central banks on their side have continued to seek a balance between more stringent risk controls and the need for systems to be cost-efficient. The analysis in this report shows that the complexity of trade-offs between risks and costs implies a wide range of possibilities for the design of an LVPS. There is therefore no single solution fitting all …


Recently, parenting entertainment tv programs are gaining popularity and response from audience. Most audiences want to get help with childcare, learn the role of parenting, and have fun at the same time through parenting entertainment tv programs. Parenting entertainment programs are highly trusted by audiences due to their reality, and they affect on audiences' parenting values, attitudes. Considering the impact and the influence of parenting entertainment tv program, it is necessary to explore to the respect for and protection of children's rights in parenting entertainment TV programs.
This study aims to enhance social awareness of child rights by examining the recognition of child rights in parenting entertainment tv programs, and to provide implications for the production of child-centered parenting entertainment tv programs. For this, content analysis was conducted by monitoring a total of 70 videos and audience's responses on parenting entertainment tv programs posted on the YouTube account of the broadcasting company.
The study results were as follows: First, it was found that thumbnails and subtitles of parenting entertainment program videos are attribution-biased and infringe on child rights by caricatures of personality and behavior. This is an area that requires discussion of the appropriateness of children's developmental problems as a program with an entertainment format. Second, it was found that caricatures of children in parenting entertainment programs infringe on child right. This includes exposing the child's body, covering the child's face with food such as seaweed, adorning the child's dissatisfaction with adhesive tape, intentionally surprising the child with a hidden camera, and creating false discipline situations. Third, it was found that viewers' insulting comments about children appearing in parenting entertainment programs infringe on child right. This is an act that infringes on a child's privacy and does not consider the child safety. The insults of children are further reinforced as responses are induced and radicalized through "like" replies from third-party users to written comments. In view of the large social and cultural impact of childcare entertainment programs, child right and protection should be considered first in the media production process.
Based on the above research results, suggestion were made so that the parenting entertainment TV program could enhance the public's awareness and sensitivity of children's rights. Through follow-up research, it is expected that academic discourse on media and children's rights will be formed and active research will be conducted.


To solve the problem of excessive calculation caused by inputting images with a large size when using ViT network structure to implement image classification tasks, this paper proposes a ViT network model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). Its network structure first uses CNN to extract a low-resolution feature map and then uses ViT structure to process the low-resolution feature map. At this time, the computational pressure is greatly relieved. In this paper, the author uses VGG16 as the Backbone and ViT network structure to build the VGG16-TE network and implements an image classification task on the ImageNet-1k dataset. Compared with the VGG16 model, the accuracy of Top1 and Top5 image classification is improved by 2.5 points and 1.7 points respectively. Besides, this paper builds a ResNet34-TE network with ResNet34 as the Backbone and ViT network and implements an image classification task on the ImageNet-1k dataset. Compared with the ResNet34 model, the accuracy of Top1 and Top5 image classification is improved by 2.1 points and 1.2 points respectively. VGG16-TE and ResNet34-TE parameters decrease by 68M and 61.5M compared with that of the ViT-Base model.


This is, I am afraid, but an inadequate summary of a very big subject, . whose ramifications penetrate not only every department of municipal administration but also the health, well-being and prosperity of all the citizens of every municipality. If, however, the machinery of town planning is complicated, its purpose is simple and straightforward-to secure &dquo; coordinated and harmonious development ... in such a way as to promote health, safety, order, amenity, convenience and general welfare as well


Universities as science production centers are institutions that bring diverse information together. It is noteworthy that no longer these institutions have more international and heterogeneous structures. Qualified foreign academicians with the educational culture of a different country get universities stronger with these differences and knowledge, and improve the universities' academic performance. Considering this idea in this research the effect of the number of foreign academicians to the academic performance of universities is investigated. For this purpose, the effect and correlation between performance rates of 130 universities of Turkey and the number of the foreign academicians, which is evaluated by University Ranking by Academic Performance Research Laboratory (URAP), have been revealed with correlation and regression analysis. As a consequence, a positive and weak relationship was determined between the number of foreign academicians and performance. Also the number of the foreign instructors affects the performance of the universities positively.


"Mountains and rivers" has important symbolic meaning for ancient Chinese in national construction and its development.Dayu's endeavor in harnessing flood is a manifestation of the understanding of the relationship between "mountains and rivers",which promotes the national construction based on the idea of "family-governed monarchic country".In the Western Zhou Dynasty,"mountains and rivers" embodies the meaning of "convenient traffic order",with the political implication of "Grand Unification".After the enfeoffment system collapsed,this concept became a sign of the uprise of feudal lords.After the Qin dynasty,it served as the principle of administrative division.In conflict with the central authority,it was constantly deconstructed and thus ancient Chinese administrative districts took shape.The change in geographical indications of "mountains and rivers" in ancient China symbolizes the development of Chinese agricultural society characterized by "family-governed monarchic country".


The role of Regional Primary Care Organisations in assisting practices to increase quality is not understood. General Practitioners in Australia are predominantly paid through Medicare, the national fee-for-service scheme for doctors. From 1998, this was supplemented by the gradual introduction of a series of incentives that funded practice infrastructure and evidence-based care in chronic disease, cancer and mental health. These attempted to shift the focus of payment from the volume of care provided to quality. Divisions of General Practice were established in 1992 as regional network-based organisations to support practice infrastructure and integration of primary care with the rest of the health care system. This is the first study to attempt to isolate the effect of Divisions on primary care performance. We construct and use a unique Division-level panel dataset to examine the effect of Divisions, and their activities, on various aspects of primary care performance including the uptake of the new financial incentives. Dynamic panel estimation is used to account for state dependence and the endogeneity of Divisions' activities. The study finds that Divisions did have an impact on general practice infrastructure and some aspects of quality of care, but these effects were small. The results have implications for the form and function of regional primary care structures.


speech. In The Cocktail Party Harcourt-Reilly, psychiatrist-priest, and Ed ward, a lawyer, bear the burden of excessive consciousness-of per sonal responsibility and of language as language. Their business is words. Along with the other characters, Harcourt-Reilly and Edward are excellent logicians, too excellent in fact. They understand so well that they risk understanding, or having others understand, nothing at all. Edward's awareness of the therapeutic suggestiveness of language threatens to make him unfit for both help and action. As the char acters mercilessly layout recurrent "if ... then" alternatives, Eliot anticipates the extreme logic of The Elder Statesman~ his last play:


The aim of the research of this paper was to perform chemical analyzes of wastewater from the collection shaft after the separator of the dairy "Kuč Kompani". Physico-chemical analyzes were performed in the laboratory of the Institute of Public Health Kragujevac and the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture in Čačak. In the sample from 2021, the value of HPK is 6.8154 mg O2 / dm3, BOD 1.6 mg / dm3 O2, while in 2020 the value of HPK was 18.02 mg O2 / dm3 and BOD 4 mg / dm3. The technological wastewater of the dairy did not show a higher load in terms of BPK and HPK values. The values of other parameters are within the maximum allowable concentrations and the Ordinance on wastewater quality.


Might : So to the world's wild end at last we come, Scythia, and all her rugged waste forlorn. Thou then on whom the Father laid command, Hephaestus, do thy task ; where the bold steep Glooms on the sky, the opprobrious captive bind In eterne chains of never-sundered steel. Who took from thee thy glory and flower of fire, Servant of all thy works, and gave to man. So sinned he, and for his sin a recompense Shall pay to the just gods, taught to endure Heaven's master, and forsake his loved mankind.


Charles Robert Cockerell (1788-1863) was renowned in the middle of the nineteenth century as an architect and a theorist whose ideas were articulated in lectures delivered at the
 Royal Academy. This paper analyses the Ashmolean Museum and Taylorian Institute, Oxford University, Oxford (1839-45) because it was the major work in Cockerell's office at the time that he began
 organizing ideas on theory and then presenting them to students. Although the lectures are not analysed in detail here, their central theme, the analogy between the body and architecture, will be
 introduced and shown to have informed such facets of the design as the profiling of details, the choice of the orders, the use of a monumental terrace and an overall composition that is complex yet
 unified.


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Myanmar is an agriculture-based country with 61.2% of the labor force engaged in agriculture or depends on it for their income to a significant extent (MOAI, 2012). Although the country's root and tuber crop (RTC) production has gradually increased since the late 1990s, they still lag behind other major crops like rice. In fact, RTCs are not included in the country's list of primary important crops, even though potatoes are regularly consumed in daily meals. At the same time, demand for other RTCs like cassava, elephant foot yam (EFY), and sweetpotato are growing in both local and export markers.