This report presents the fuel fabrication development for the Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) reactor. The fuel element is similar to that successfully fabricated and used in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) for many years, but there are two significant differences that require some development. The fuel compound is U{sub 3}Si{sub 2} rather than U{sub 3}O{sub 8}, and the fuel is graded in the axial as well as the radial direction. Both of these changes can be accomplished with a straightforward extension of the HFIR technology. The ANS also requires some improvements in inspection technology and somewhat more stringent acceptance criteria. Early indications were that the fuel fabrication and inspection technology would produce a reactor core meeting the requirements of the ANS for the low volume fraction loadings needed for the highly enriched uranium design (up to 1.7 Mg U/m{sup 3}). Near the end of the development work, higher volume fractions were fabricated that would be required for a lower- enrichment uranium core. Again, results look encouraging for loadings up to {approx}3.5 Mg U/m{sup 3}; however, much less evaluation was done for the higher loadings.


A theory is presented that describes a method for using low‐frequency sound (≲150 Hz) to measure the waveheight variance and the nondirectional temporal waveheight spectrum of a random rough surface such as the sea surface. The technique requires a vertically pointing broadbeam acoustic source and a colocated broadbeam receiver which records the amplitude and phase fluctuations of the backscattered field. When the rms surface waveheight is much smaller than the acoustic wavelength, the temporal spectrum of the amplitude and phase fluctuations can be directly related to the nondirectional temporal surface waveheight spectrum. The theory predicts that the temporal waveheight spectrum out to frequencies of roughly 0.5 Hz can be retrieved.


Objectives: To describe the polymorphism of intestinal ultrasound findings in children with gastrointestinal symptoms of Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP) and to investigate the clinical relevance of these findings in terms of symptoms and length of hospitalization. Patients and Methods: Clinical and ultrasound data from 43 consecutive children with HSP (36 with and 7 without abdominal symptoms) were reviewed. Patients with abdominal symptoms of HSP were divided into 4 groups (0–III) representing at ultrasound normal appearance and differentiated, pseudodifferentiated, and dedifferentiated bowel wall thickening, respectively. The diagnostic value of ultrasound in diagnosing gastrointestinal involvement of HSP (grades I–III) was calculated using as the standard of reference the absence or presence of clinical symptoms. Average duration of symptoms and hospitalization in the 4 groups was compared. Results: The respective sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasound for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement of HSP was 83.3%, 100%, 100%, and 53.8%. Groups 0 to III contained, respectively, 5/36 (13.9%), 6/36 (16.7%), 22/36 (61.1%), and 3/36 (8.3%) patients. The groups' average duration of symptoms, respectively, was 2.20 ± 2.06, 5.67 ± 1.88, 6.29 ± .94, and 17.67 ± 2.66 days, whereas the length of hospitalization, respectively, was 4.80 ± 2.96, 9.17 ± 2.70, 11.46 ± 1.35, and 24.67 ± 3.82 days. The duration of both symptoms and hospitalization was significantly higher in group III than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In children with gastrointestinal involvement of HSP, dedifferentiated wall thickening as shown by ultrasound is associated with a poor clinical prognosis.


The 45 Tesla Hybrid Magnet is being built in a collaborative effort between the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University and the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Hybrid Magnet combines a resistive insert magnet with two Nb/sub 3/Sn and one NbTi superconducting cable-in-conduit outsert coil to produce the required field on axis. The Nb/sub 3/Sn outsert coils are being built at Intermagnetics General Corporation under contract with FSU. A design summary for the entire 100 MJ outsert magnet is presented. The design criteria and manufacturing status for the two Nb/sub 3/Sn outsert coils are described. >


The quantum Hall effect (QHE), which was observed in 2D electron gas under an external magnetic field, stands out as one of the most remarkable transport phenomena in condensed matter. However, a long standing puzzle remains regarding the observation of the relativistic quantum Hall effect (RQHE). This effect, predicted for a single 2D Dirac cone immersed in a magnetic field, is distinguished by the intriguing feature of half-integer Hall conductivity (HIHC). In this work, we demonstrate that the condensed-matter realization of the RQHE and the direct measurement of the HIHC are feasible by investigating the underlying quantum transport mechanism. We reveal that the manifestation of HIHC is tied to the presence of dissipative half-integer quantized chiral channels circulating along the interface of the RQHE system and a Dirac metal. Importantly, we find that the Ohmic scaling of the longitudinal conductance of the system plays a key role in directly measuring the HIHC in experiments. Furthermore, we propose a feasible experimental scheme based on the 3D topological insulators to directly measure the HIHC. Our findings not only uncover the distinct transport mechanism of the HIHC for the RQHE, but also paves the way to the measurement of the HIHC in future experiments.


An image projection apparatus is described, which comprises at least one plate, and a projection lens system focus error detection system display. The focus error detection system includes a focal length of the auxiliary measuring radiation beam, the auxiliary lens for capturing scattered radiation projection screen, and means for measuring the size of the dots formed on the screen by the light beam detecting means.


This paper discusses digital and/or participatory elements that could be used in decision-making processes, such as a participatory budgeting process. It contributes to the discussion about innovations in democracy. Placing humans at the center of governance, we argue that innovative elements should be evaluated by addressing the topic from the perspective of what is "good" for human beings? The process is good for them if it achieves goals like legitimacy and connection. We identify design of decision-making, participatory elements, and the value of personal interaction as levers. Regarding design of decision making, we discuss voting mechanisms, the combination of different decisions, and interdependent decisions in terms of each voter's choice optimality. In terms of participation, we see potential for blocked situations, for self-organized or requested (opt-in) participation, and for urgent or uncertain situations. Third, we emphasize the value of coming together in reality, and suggest thinking about combining digital and physical elements in a useful way. Technical aspects, power, and the existing institutional setting are identified as restrictions, and research into the effects of all these elements on the dependent variables, such as legitimacy and connection, is needed.


To facilitate decision making in the oncology clinic, technologies have recently been developed to independently inject and assess multiple anticancer agents directly in a patient's tumor. To increase the flexibility of this approach beyond histological readouts of response, contrast‐enhanced MRI was evaluated for the detection of cell death in living tumors after injection.


BANDING of the pulmonary artery is undertaken in infants with those congenital defects of the heart in which it is necessary to protect the lungs from the effects of pulmonary hypertension, increased pulmonary circulation, or both (Willman et al., 1962; Craig and Sirak, 1963; Williams et al., 1963; Goldblatt et al., 1965; Stark et al., 1969). Such conditions may subsequently be amenable to definitive surgery, and an improvement in operative mortality may be expected if the pulmonary vessels have been protected (Hallman, Cooley and Bloodwell, 1966). This report illustrates the changes in the wall of the pulmonary artery at intervals after banding. A number of complications of banding have been reported, including clotting of the artery associated with fibrosis of the vessel wall (Osborn et al., 1966), and " cutting through " of the band (Rohmer, Brom and Nauta, 1967) ; other authors have reported single cases studied histologically as part of a larger series of operative cases that have shown medial atrophy and connective-tissue overgrowth around the band (Shane et al., 1967; Takahashi et al., 1968). Calcification in and around the material of the band has also been seen (Grainger et al., 1967). The material presented here shows the sequence of changes occurring in the vessel wall from the time of banding until approximately 2 yr post-operatively. Re-banded cases have not been included owing to difficulty in evaluation of changes induced at different times. The &dings suggest that medial injury is inevitable, but is not necessarily a dangerous complication of the procedure.


The orally available farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) tipifarnib has demonstrated clinical efficacy in hematological disease. In an effort to identify patients with a higher likelihood of response, we have employed microarray technology to identify gene expression markers that predict response to tipifarnib. In an open label, single arm, Phase II study of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, tipifarnib was administered at a dose of 600 mg twice daily for the first 21 days of each 28-day cycle. Gene expression profiles from 80 bone marrow samples, collected before drug treatment, were analyzed on the Affymetrix U133A gene chip that contains approximately 22,000 genes. Statistical analyses were performed to identify genes that predict patient outcome following treatment with tipifarnib. Nineteen genes were selected because they showed significant differences in gene expression between the responder group and the non-responder group of patients. Several of these genes are associated with oncogenesis, cell proliferation, and FTI biology. One of the candidate genes, lymphoid blast crisis oncogene (oncoLBC or AKAP13), was over-expressed in patients who were resistant to tipifarnib. A leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) showed that the predictive value of this gene provided a sensitivity of 93% in identifying responders and a specificity of 61%, providing an overall diagnostic accuracy of 69%. In addition, supervised analysis identified a combination of 3 gene expression markers that together can potentially be used to predict patient response to the drug with the best overall accuracy of 74%. This 3-gene expression signature provided a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 70% in the LOOCV. In both instances, classification of patients using the gene expression signatures demonstrated significantly enhanced overall survival in those predicted to be responders. These data indicate that diagnostic gene expression signatures can potentially double the response rate to tipifarnib from 24% to 48%. The identification of these gene expression markers is an important step towards defining diagnostic signatures that could be used to identify AML patients who are likely to respond to tipifarnib and for understanding pathways that are affected by farnesyltransferase inhibition in AML.


This paper focuses on women'deuterogamy according to the legalization in the Tang and Song Dynasty.Analyzed how did the law items,emperor'order and cases prescribe on this issue,the author draws a conclusion that neither in the Tang nor in the Song Dynasty women'deuterogamy were prohibited.


Lindqvist et al. s (1) study CSF biomarkers in suicide attempters – a principal component analysis investigates the associations between clinical measures related to suicidal behaviour and CSF indices of domains of brain-related biological functions including monoamine neurotransmitters, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and inflammatory responses. The data were collected during a longterm study of suicidal behaviour of patients admitted to hospital after a suicide attempt and then followed up as to cause of death. The investigators derived four factors from 20 CSF biomarkers in suicide attempters and subsequently analyzed their associations with suicidal behaviour and associated psychopathology. One factor was associated with severe depressive symptoms, a second with severe depressive symptoms accompanied by high suicidal intent, and a third factor was associated with violent methods of suicide attempt and with subsequent suicides. The researchers conclude that specific combinations of CSF biomarkers may discriminate between violent and nonviolent suicidal behaviour and may be used as a prognostic tool indicating increased risk for future suicide. The sample size of 124 is impressive for any study necessitating a lumbar puncture in medication-free psychiatric inpatients. However, given that there were 20 candidate biomarkers considered, the number of measures needed to be reduced. Principal component analysis reduces a set of (possibly) correlated measurements into a smaller number of independent measures while minimizing the loss of the information. The four factors derived by the paper have not been computed based on their correlation with the clinical measures of suicidal behaviour, and as only about 50% of the information contained in the biologicalmeasureswas kept in the first four components, important behaviourrelated biological information may have been lost during this data reduction process. The fact that three of the four combinations with the highest information content were found to be significantly associated with suicidal behaviour provides new evidence for the strength of the biological foundations of such behaviour. However, results of this study are not always consistent with the literature. Disturbingly, in this study, high CSF 5-HIAA is associated with both violent suicide attempts and risk of future suicide. Low CSF 5-HIAA is more generally reported to predict risk of future suicide, including by studies involving authors of the present study (2, 3), and to be associatedwith better planned moremedically lethal or damaging suicide attempts. Linking severe depression to immune activation is consistentwith an emerging literature that this study extends to indices in CSF. Higher IL-6 levels have been associated with depression (4), and IL-6 response was also linked to acute stress and earlylife adversity (5). There is considerable inconsistency in the current study among the results on chemokines: some chemokines loaded only on factor 1, others loaded with almost equal strength to both factor 1 and 2, the latter described by the authors as defined by the cytokines, while some (MCP-1, MIP-1b) loaded on factor 3. The absence of a psychiatric control group or a healthy volunteer group limits the interpretability of the findings on individual biomarkers. The possibility that different subtypes of suicidal behaviour like a violent method of attempt are associated with different and perhaps independent biological factors is intriguing, but needs to be reconciledwith evidence that availability of method (6) and culture play a major role in determining methods used for suicidal acts. What is novel in the current study is not so much the links between specific biomarkers and the symptoms of suicidality, but the effort to systematically summarize multidimensional biological data, break it down into independent components, and then link the component factor scores to individual aspects of the suicidal behaviour. Whenever one tests such complex models, it becomes even more important to validate the findings in a second sample of patients as the initial study may overfit the data Acta Psychiatr Scand 2011: 124: 4–5 All rights reserved DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01657.x 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S


Polymorphic control and crystal nucleation of α and β polymorphs of dl‐methionine, an essential amino‐acid, is attained from saturated aqueous solution through swift cooling crystallization process by generating wide range of supersaturation (0.02 < σ < 2.19) in the temperature range of 323–274 K. The type of nucleation is very much supersaturation dependent: while lower supersaturation range (0.02 < σ < 0.08) prefers the stable β form, higher supersaturation range (1.20 < σ < 2.19) yields metastable α form. In situ optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses confirm the morphological and structural distinction of the grown polymorphs.


Out of the ruins of war, Walter Gropius made a vital political community.

ARCHITECTURE IS A NOTORIOUSLY egotistical profession. One person, usually an older man, often takes credit for a lengthy and multifaceted process of planning and construction. It does not help that many famous architects hardly eschew the mantle of auteur genius. Instead, they embrace their star status with gusto, downplaying the army of engineers, designers, and junior architects who support them. Some of the biggest names in modern architectural history—Frank Lloyd Wright, Oscar Niemeyer, and Philip Johnson—lived well into, or past, their nineties, sketching ideas on paper napkins for their studios to complete. The abominable treatment of women in the profession, and the lack of class and racial diversity, do little to undermine the cliche of the tyrannical master-architect belting out orders to subordinates.


The State-State arbitration and the investor-State arbitration are widely included in bilateral investment treaties. There are no clear rules under the customary international law directly addressing the relations between these two remedial channels. The paper argues that it is desirable to avoid parallel proceedings between State-State arbitration and investor-State arbitration, if their purposes are basically to address the same violation of obligation by the host State. However, there are some problems in applying the lis pendens and res judicata principles. The paper further argues that in order to avoid undesirable concurrent proceedings, the application of the good faith principle to suspend the conflicting second proceeding or to prevent a proceeding to re-decide the merit could be a possible solution. In addition to such interactive relations between these two proceedings, there are positive dual proceedings, i.e., to use State-State proceeding to pursue the compliance of an arbitral award resulting from the investor-State arbitration procedure.


We construct with full rigorous mathematical proof a family of approximate solutions to the Cauchy problem for the standard system of two fluid flows with energy equations and we pass to the limit by weak compactness to obtain Radon measures that satisfy the equations in a natural weak sense. Our method provides a convergent numerical method for the numerical calculation of these Radon measures by reducing the system of partial differential equations in the case of these approximate solutions to a system of ordinary differential equations. We observe numerically on the standard Toumi shock tube problem that the Radon measures from our method agree with the numerical solutions previously obtained by other authors with various different numerical methods. In a subsequent numerical paper, using a standard confident scheme with splittings and vanishing viscosity (independent on the above construction), we observe exactly the numerical solution given by our mathematical proof.


There has been a dominant view that serial cloning, i.e., cloning of a cloned animal, is only possible for a few generations. In this study, we examined the reproduction efficiency and normality of porcine offspring generated by serial somatic cell cloning. Salivary gland progenitor (SGP) cells were collected from a 4-month-old female cloned Landrace large white Duroc (LWD) pig (first generation, G1), which had been cloned from a fibroblast, and used as nuclear donors for second-generation clones (G2). The third generation of clones (G3) was produced by nuclear transfer using SGP cells from the G2 clones. Nuclear transfer was carried out by electric cell fusion using in vitro matured oocytes as recipients. Reconstructed embryos were electroactivated 1 to 1.5 hr after nuclear transfer, cultured for 1 to 2 days, and transplanted to the oviducts of estrus-synchronized surrogate gilts. A total of 391 embryos cloned from G1 animals were transplanted to three surrogates. All of the surrogates became pregnant and gave birth to a total of 13 (3.3%) of G2 clones (including two stillbirths). The average birth weight and size of eleven live piglets were 1203.6 ± 113.5 g and 27.1 ± 1.2 cm, both within the standard ranges of the original donor strain (LWD). Their growths until 8 months old were comparable to those of normal piglets of the same strain. For the generation of G3 clones, transplantation of 242 G2-derived embryos to two surrogate gilts resulted in one pregnant surrogate and three G3 clones (1.2%; average weight 1196.7 ± 267.1 g and average size 35.7 ± 2.3 cm), including a stillbirth. These results indicate that porcine serial cloning can efficiently generate up to three generations of apparently healthy clones, when SGP cells are used as nuclear donors. This study was supported by PROBRAIN.


How do F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, and Norman Mailer fare in current speculation about literary legacy? Any person making predictions about the future status of prose fiction artists is always and already engaged in risky business. Just ask those literary readers who rejected Herman Melville and Kate Chopin in the 1940s prior to their meteoric rise in status. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1941), having received powerful accolades about writing his generation's Moby Dick, leads a group of two novelists (along with Sinclair Lewis) as monumental cultural icons. This assessment is based on cultural matters--the ideas, arts, manners and moods of selected times and places. They will be remembered over time and rightfully so. In his highest point of acclaim, Sinclair Lewis was touted as the author who personified the essence of America's "Main Street." Fitzgerald was even more imposing. The Great Gatsby summed up The Roaring Twenties, and Fitzgerald's personal life embodied the flat-out failure of the once exalted American Dream. After all, perhaps, Fitzgerald's most memorable axiom was (and still is): "There are no second acts in American lives." Fitzgerald accomplished quite a feat, culturally speaking. He clearly earned maximum literary mileage. Many observers have claimed that his fiction encompassed American literary culture between the two world wars, amazingly, with a relatively small canon of nine published books in a lifetime: four novels, four short story volumes, one play, and a few essays and autobiographical pieces. During the cash-poor 1930s, Fitzgerald was ubiquitous in magazine appearances, and much of the work was not very good, certainly not up to the standard set by The Great Gatsby and many of the short stories. However, in spite of this limited, mixed collection of prose work, "Great F. Scott" clearly finessed himself into iconic status. Yet, what a paltry canon for a major writer with so much cultural clout and incipient legacy based on a masterpiece novel plus about two or three dozen anthologized stories and not much more. Fitzgerald's picturesque, emblematic 1920s lifestyle overshadowed his occasional literary excellence, except of course for Gatsby. Many critics, nonetheless, admitted that none of Fitzgerald's contemporaries, except Hemingway, could have achieved such high cultural heights. Yet how does Fitzgerald's rise in cultural status relate to the potential legacy of Norman Mailer? Mailer's personal behavior and weighty canon certainly might prove to become a Fitzgerald peer and fellow survivor. However, a two-generation gap, at times, makes Fitzgerald and Mailer into somewhat literary strangers. Their literary milieus were far from similar. Fitzgerald's Roaring Twenties, remote from today's digitalized culture, came flush in the beginnings of America's Literary Renaissance, the times ripe for a literary newcomer like the handsome prose troubadour. Fitzgerald's first book, This Side of Paradise, was to be his only highly successful book (1920), the same year as the other fictional best seller, Main Street--a novel by Sinclair Lewis, a fellow Minnesotan soon destined to become Fitzgerald's arch rival. Fitzgerald's debut novel's "lost" protagonist, Amory Blaine, was a romantic egotist, an aristocratic Princeton undergraduate on a quest for selfhood. The novel's climatic and celebrated utterance said it all. Amory was stunned to "find all gods dead, all wars fought and all faith in man shaken." America had its first "Lost Generation," and Fitzgerald found himself a celebrity at the tender age of twenty-three. The Naked and the Dead did not experience such topical exalted dreamy American fictionalized philosophy. Another Mailer lack of connection to Fitzgerald concerned F. Scott's soft moody essay, The Crack-Up, published posthumously in 1945. This compilation was a glossy account of his wife's nervous breakdown and his own depression rooted in flat sales and critical neglect. …


By weak c-supplement we investigated the possibility that a finite group is in a saturated formation containing all supersoluble groups.It was showed that for a saturated formation F containing all supersoluble groups,if there exists a group G such that G contins a normal subgroup N and G/N is supersoluble and if maximal subgroups of Sylow subgroups of N are c-supplemented in G,then G∈F.Some results are extended.


Several terrestrial high–resolution paleoclimate proxies for the Holocene have been developed for the northern hemisphere. However, similar proxies are very limited for South America, particularly for high altitudes in the Andes. Here, we present results of stable isotope analyses for the Distichia plant, a peat-forming species that fills a similar ecological niche to that of Sphagnum in bogs in the northern hemisphere [1,2]. Distichia species are widespread across the whole Andean region, where they forms bogs up to tens of meters deep, and several thousand years old. However, as far as we know, these well-preserved organic sediments have been surprisingly overlooked, and have never been evaluated as an isotope geochemical paleoclimate archive. In our study, we examined to what extent the relative variations in stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope compositions in Distichia peat samples reflect the variations in living plant samples, in order to evaluate the usefulness of Distichia peat for paleoclimate reconstructions.


Collaboration between pharmacy groups can maximise outcomes for the profession and this is a guiding principle of PDL. This column will feature a number of articles that were developed for this purpose, with the first discussing ways to reduce the incidence of dispensing errors in your pharmacy.


The purpose of this study was to investigate direct effects of capital inflow, financial deepening on economic growth in Nigeria due to diverse contentions it stirred among researchers from 1981 to 2018 using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) co-integration approach. The findings from the study showed the existence of a long-run relationship between foreign capital inflows and economic growth in Nigeria. Furthermore, the ARDL regression estimate results pointed that foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aids (FA) and financial development (FD) have a positive and significant impact on economic growth, while on the contrary, remittances exerted a negative and insignificant relationship on economic growth. Also inflation and exchange rate results showcased a negative impact on economic growth. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that capital inflows (FDI, & FA) positively impact the Nigerian economy both in the short run and long-run within the study period via sound financial deepening, thus concluding that capital inflows are a potential driver of economic growth in Nigeria. Consequently, the study recommends that the central bank should employ a more restrictive monetary policy to suppress the adverse effect that could emanate from inflationary pressure which can distort proper channeling of capital inflows into the country.


Objective To explore the effects of lithium on expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the brains of chronic aluminum exposure rats so as to further understand the mechanism of lithium's inhibition on tau phosphorylation. Methods We divided 12 chronic aluminum chloride exposure rats into treatment group and non-treatment group (6 rats in each). Treatment group was given lithium chloride (200 mg/kg·d) via gastric perfusion daily for 6 weeks,while the non-treatment group sodium chloride at the same dosage and the normal group (6 non-aluminum exposure rats of the same month old) without intervention. Six weeks later,all the rats received Morris water maze test for learning memory function; CDK5 and PP2A expressions and phosphorylated tau protein level in rat hippocampus were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with normal group,non-treatment of chronic aluminum exposure group showed higher phosphorylated tau protein level and CDK5 expression in the brain (P0.05),and the level of phosphorylated tau had a significantly positive correlation with CDK5 expression (r=0.702,P=0.036). After 6 weeks' treatment with lithium,phosphorylated tau protein and CDK5 expression decreased significantly in the brain compared with those in non-treatment group (P0.01). Moreover,phosphorylated tau had a significantly positive correlation with the expression of CDK5 (r=0.871,P=0.024) in lithium treatment group. There was no significant difference in PP2A expression among treatment group,non-treatment group and normal group (P0.05). Conclusion Lithium may reduce tau phosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation by inhibiting the expression of CDK5.


This study was designed to test the hypothesis that by protecting bone fiom changes due to inflammatory arthritis one could also protect the articular cartilage. Experimental inflammatory arthritis was induced in rabbits by intra-articular injections of carrageenan over a 4 week period. The treated group also received injections of zoledronate, a bone sparing agent. Zoledronate treatment prevented subchondral, juxta-articular and periarticular bone loss. In addition, partial protection against loss of subchondral bone hardness was evident. Zoledronate partially protected articular cartilage fiom degradation. Protection did not appear to be due to an anti-inflammatory effect of the dmg. Two possible mechanisms to explain the partial protection of the articular cartilage have been postulated by this study: 1) preventing bone resorption results in the prevention of the release of possible mediators of joint destruction 2) maintaining the osteochondral barrier and the mechanical properties of the subchondral bone may help to maintain normal joint loading and joint structure. Initially 1 would like to thank Gai1 Anderson for providing the direction and encouragement necessary for me to pursue this degree, and the fiiendship and support throughout. My gratitude is extended to my supervisor Marc Grynpas, for offering me the opportunity to fùrther my education, as well as the support and guidance during this work. 1 would like to thank Rita Kandel for her time and assistance in this endeavour. 1 would like to acknowledge the valuable advice and recommendations of my committee members: Dr. Howard Tenenbaum, Dr. Robert Pilliar, Dr. Rita Kandel and Dr. Tony Cruz. There are a number of individuals that 1 would like to thank for their technical assistance during this project: Dr. Renlund and the animal care team at MSB; Maria Mendes for her histological expertise and patience with answering endless questions and George Tomlinson for statistical assistance. 1 would also like to thank my "lab assistants" Richard, Doug, Marco, Jennifer, Debbie and Jindra, for their much appreciated help, encouragement and camaraderie. Finally, this thesis would never have been completed without the si ~pport of my family and friend 1 commend them for their ability to put up with me these past two years and never once letting me lose sight of my goals. ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... . . . . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................*............................... ...................IV LIST OF TABLES ...............................................VI LIST OF FIGURES .............. .. ......................................................................................................................... VI1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... JX.......................................................................................... . . . . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................*............................... ...................IV LIST OF TABLES ...............................................VI LIST OF FIGURES .............. .. ......................................................................................................................... VI1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... JX INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 THE COMPOSITION OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE ............................................................................ 1 ...................................................................................................... 1.2.1 Turnover of Articular Cartilage 3 1.2.2 The EDct of Inflammation on Articular Cartilage .................................................................. 4 ............................................................................................................ 1.3 THE COMPOSITION OF BONE 5 1.3.1 Bone Remodelling ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Eflect of Inflammation on Bone ..................................................................................................... 7 1.4 EXPERTMENTAL MODELS OF INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS ........................................................ 8 ................................................................................ 1.4.1 Carrageenan-Induced Inpammatory Arthritis 9 1.5 BISPHOSPHONATES ............................................................................................................................ 10 1.5. 1 Mechanism of Bisphosphonate Inhibition of Bone Resorption ...................... . ............................. 12 1.6 OBECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................ 13 MATEFUALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................................. 15 2.1 EXPERlMENTAL DESIGN. ............................................................................................................ 15 ................................................................................................................ 2.2 SPECïMEN PREPARATION: 15 2.2.1 Tissue Processing .......................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.2 Staining ......................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 HISTOMORPHOMETRY ................................................................................................................ 2 0 2.3.1 Qualitative assessment of articular cartilage degradation ............................................................. 20 2.3.2 Quantitative assessment of articular cartilage and subchondral bone ............................................ 21 2.3.3 Static Histomorphornetry ....................................................................................................... 22 2.3.4 Assessnient ofsynovitis ............................................................................................................. 2 3 2.4 IMAGE ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 24 2.4.1 Indices Measured ................................. ... .................................................................................. 25 ............................................................................................................ 2.5 MICROHARDNESS TESTING 28 2.5.


A series of model melting experiments was performed with electrical heaters in ice to study melting problems associated with disposal of radioactive wastes by ground burial. (auth)


Bilingual teaching started in the 1950s and prospered in the 1980s in the Buyi people's schools.Since 2000,it has shrunk due to a lack of teachers and funds and the out-of-date teaching model.It is argued that improvement must be made in terms of funds,examination system,teaching staff,curriculum resources and teaching methods.


We present photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing binary IO Aqr with orbital period 2. d 37. The system is detached, with similar almost spherical components. The star is classified as G0 spectral type. In the analysis we have used spectra obtained at a 2-m telescope with a Coude spectrograph for two regions NaD and Hα ,a s well as ASASI band photometry and R, V photometry obtained at a 0.4 m telescope. The model of the star was obtained using a code based on the Wilson-Devinney method. The radii of the stars for our best fit are R1 = 2.09 ± 0.13 Rand R2 = 2.54 ± 0.06 Rwhile the masses of the components are M1 = 1.53 ± 0.02 Mand M2 = 1.64 ± 0.02 M� . Both components are slightly evolved main sequence stars.


Electrolyte electroreflectance measurements in ethanol/lithium perchlorate solutions over the temperature range 300–156 K have been used to derive the temperature dependence of the E1 transition of Hg1−xCdxTe (x=0.23–0.36). The temperature coefficient dE1/dT derived by third derivative line‐shape fitting (6.6±0.5×10−4 eV K−1) is considerably higher than values reported previously in the literature.


It was no ordinary book, that collection of impassioned essays published on November 12, 1930. In the pitch and stress of the Great Depression, I'll Take My Stand: the South and the Agrarian Tradition , created by twelve Southerners, proved to be a prophetic confrontation, no mere "ineffectual lamentation of some impractical neo-Confederates over the passing of the golden age of slavery." It represented, as Louis D. Rubin, Jr., Southern literary historian and critic, put it, "the first stages of a widespread revolt against computerized, depersonalized, machine-oriented society and its ruthless exploitation of the environment and its human inhabitants."


This qualitative study aims at investigating the teaching aids used to teach vocabulary for young learners. The data were collected using questionnaires and interview to determine the kinds of teaching aids used to teach vocabulary, the challenges in implementing them, and how English teachers face these challenges. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively by referring to Miles & Huberman (1994). The results show that the dominant type of teaching aids used by the English teachers to teach English to the young learners is audio-visual which is a combination of visual and audio aids was seldomly used by the teachers. According to the interview, the teachers felt that students were more engaged by visuals and audiovisuals because teachers can place interesting decorations to guide the students; for example, a student's favorite cartoon character or animal. The result of the interview also showed that the teachers found challenges in implementing the teaching aids, namely (a) time consuming (b) quality of teaching aids (c) technical difficulties. To face the challenges, teachers usually consider alternatives that are equivalent to the media that should have been used, allocated time, and also skills in operating electronic to implement the teaching aids.


In Chaoulli, a majority of the Canadian Supreme Court struck down a Quebec law that prohibited the purchase of private health insurance for essential hospital and physician services. A majority found it to be in breach of the Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The court was split 3:3 on whether it was also in breach of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The decision was initially considered of limited importance by many given that technically it applied only to Quebec. In the six months since the decision was released, however, it has become clear that the legal impact of Chaoulli will be dwarfed by its normative impact on policy debates across the country. Chaoulli has brought Canadian Medicare to a fork in the road. At the time of writing, critical decisions are about to be taken across the country. Unfortunately, the level of debate about public and private insurance that has been sparked by Chaoulli reflects the poor account of public and private insurance dynamics in the Chaoulli decision itself. I discuss the majority judges' poor appreciation of the interface between public and private health insurance across different health care systems and how, subsequently, this lack of understanding has been reflected in media discussions of policy options. I also discuss likely future challenges in other provinces before moving on to the most critical aspect of all of this - governmental response and what the future holds for Canadian Medicare.


The invention discloses an assembly method of a liquid-crystal display device. The assembly method includes fixing a liquid-crystal panel and a touch plate to form a touch display screen; detecting the touch display screen; fixing the touch display screen and a backlight unit after detecting that the touch display screen has no defects, and forming a touch display backlight module screen; detecting he touch display backlight module screen. By the assembly method of the liquid-crystal display device, waste of the backlight unit can be reduced and yield can be increased.


We have shown in [1] how some of the standard Bitcoin scripts can be veri(cid:28)ed using Hoare Logic in the interactive theorem prover Agda. Our framework was developed for standard instructions and in addition the multisig and the time delay instructions. We developed two ways of establishing human-readable weakest preconditions: (1) A step-by-step approach of working backwards in the program and (2) symbolic execution of the program and determining the accepting paths. In this presentation, we investigate how these two approaches can be extended to Bitcoin scripts that use non-local instructions such as OP_IF, OP_ELSE, and OP_ENDIF. Our approach is based on a basic operational semantics [12], which added an additional stack called IfStack to the standard stack.


The improvement of industrial structure inteneration is a key impetus and symbol of a country's economic development.The realization of the upgrading of industrial structure inteneration depends on large-scale capital support.The capital market has become the internal dynamic mechanism for the promotion of industrial structure inteneration,and the capital scale and structure have become its determinant.Developing capital market vigorously and carrying out innovative mechanism of capital market are the realistic choice for the acceleration of industrial structure inteneration.


The Connected Vehicle Proving Center (CVPC) at the University of Michigan – Dearborn surveyed experts in the fields of autonomous and connected vehicle to provide guidance on future research and development investments within the automotive industry, from either private or public sector side. The survey uses the Delphi forecasting method that structures the communication among a panel of experts in a search for consensus among the panelists. The topics include (1) milestone forecasts for achieving semi-autonomy and full autonomy, (2) the actions that can be taken by governments to bolster consumer acceptance of autonomous vehicles onto roadways, (3) autonomous vehicle component failure scenarios, (4) critical sensors to autonomous functionality, (5) core research areas and required breakthroughs for autonomous vehicles, (6) road environments, and (7) autonomous vehicle functions or behaviors that require improvement. Among the findings, the panel expects full autonomy to be introduced into the U.S. automotive market by 2025 with critical challenges in the areas of cost effective and reliable object detection and classification as well as accomplishing critical milestones in addressing the liability issues associated with autonomous control of the vehicles.


Com plicated processesin them edium (decays,reactionsand n (cid:22) n conversion)involving (cid:12)nal state absorption are considered. The calculations in the fram ework of (cid:12)eld and phenom enologicalapproaches are com pared. The reasons for disagreem ent are studied. The (cid:12)eld approach can tend to increase oftotalprocessprobability aswellasprobability ofchannelcorresponding to absorption,in com parison with phenom enologicalm odel.


ABSTRACT. The IgG and IgM type specific anticapsular pneumococcal antibody titres were studied with ELISA during one year following vaccination with a 14‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in four different patient groups: 41 children splenectomized after a traumatic rupture, 16 splenectomized because of disease, 15 non‐surgically managed after splenic rupture, and 19 healthy controls. Serum samples were obtained before vaccination and after 14, 60, 180, and 360 days. The IgG antibody responses were equally good in all of the patient groups, while the IgM antibody responses were less pronounced in the splenectomized. In the non‐surgically managed patients, the IgM antibody titres after vaccination, as well as antibody responses per se, were significantly higher for all 12 pneumococcal types studied than in the patients who were splenectomized. Both the IgG and the IgM antibody titres were highest at 14 days after vaccination. However, while the IgG titres for most pneumococcal types remained elevated at 360 days, the IgM titres soon fell to prevaccination levels. The antibody response was less good for the types 3 and 6 A. The results indicate that the IgG antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination is unaffected in splenectomized individuals, but the IgM antibody response is decreased. In patients with a healed traumatically damaged spleen, both the IgG and IgM responses seem to be normal.


The pedagogical advantages of a general purpose interactive system called NEWBASIC/CATALYST are discussed. NEWBASIC/CATALYST incorporates an advanced implementation of BASIC, system-level interactive features, and a general capability for extension through user oriented function attachment. Application of this last feature to provide a flexible CAI scan capability is illustrated. An example of interaction at the system level shows how students can mix the advantages of independent or "solo" mode computing with those of guided or "dual" mode interaction. Preliminary experience with the system in an urban secondary school setting is discussed.


Paula England's ambition in "The Gender Revolution: Uneven and Stalled" (2010) is to explain why occupational sex segr gation and the gender division of familial labor are still robust despite decades of egalitarian values and policies. But because the explanations she offers "have the status of hypotheses rather than well-documented conclusions" (England 2010, p. 150), her article raises many questions for which we have few answers. Still, there is perhaps more evidence about some of these questions than England considers. In particular, England incorporates notions of class and social mobility into her explanations, grappling with how these intersect with gender identi ties and gendered jobs. The main argument to which I will respond is the one that treats men and women as gendered economic actors in pursuit of gender-typical jobs and family responsibilities. She proposes that occupa tion integration occurred primarily because a typically gendered path was unavailable to women from a middle-class background. The class positions of all other men and women were compatible with pursuing gendered occu pations, thus maintaining much of the gender order. Although England does not discuss counterfactuals, we must assume that if a typically female set of occupations sat atop the hierarchy alongside elite male occupations, no change whatsoever would have occurred since women would have entered those jobs. Similarly, had there been greater demand in men's blue-collar jobs, commensurate with the demand in upper white-collar jobs that pulled in women (an important factor England does not mention), women still would not have entered them because of their preference for female-dominated pinkand lower white-collar jobs. Without evidence to support these counterfactuals, England's framework rests on shaky ground, and other interpretations of the trajectory of occu pational segregation and gender inequality seem at least as plausible. Those


Described is a transdermal therapeutic system for administering physostigmin through the skin, the system comprising a back film which is impermeable to the active substance, an adhesive reservoir layer containing 40 to 90 % by wt. of polymer material and 0.1 to 20 % by wt. of physostigmin base or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, plus a detachable protective film covering the reservoir layer. The reservoir layer contains acrylate and/or methacrylate polymer material plus 0.1 to 40 % by wt. of a plasticizer containing hydroxyl groups and having an HLB value between 1.1 and 12.0.


Artemisinin, an extract of sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide obtained from Artemisia annua, is routinely used in the treatment of malaria and various forms of human cancer. In order to extend its therapeutic range on animals and to set up models for testing similar extracts from other plants, studies were done on Artemisinin cytotoxicity on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) in parallel with tests on Vero cells and the effect assessment on Salmonella spp strains of avian origin (4 Salmonella enteritidis, 2 S. typhimurium, 1 S. gallinarum). The cytotoxic effect was recorded for Artemisinin amounts higher than 177.10 nM on CEF and for 4.42 nM on Vero cells. In disk diffusion antibiogram the two concentrations had no antibacterial effect (inhibition diameters were of 6-9 mm).


Three interviews are conducted as parties involved in the campaign give their opinion on Pepsi campaign of year 2014. The first interviewee is Mervat Abou Auf, former member of the "4 M" band and is currently Professor of Practice of Journalism and Mass Communication at the American University in Cairo (AUC). The second interview is conducted with Dalia Salib, Marketing Director and Beverages in PepsiCo Egypt and North East Africa. The last interviewee is Haytham Nawar, Professor of Graphic Design at the American University in Cairo who gives his opinion about Pepsi campaign regarding the visual they use.


Structural, energetical, and vibrational features of cagelike clusters mimicking the isolated hydroxyl group at the surface of siliceous materials, both free and interacting with an ammonia molecule, are studied ab initio at the B3-LYP/DZP level of calculations. Two minimal model clusters, H 3 SiOH and F 3 SiOH, and four cagelike clusters differing in size and in the geometrical strain ofthe Si-O ring structures have been studied. The computed value of 3762 cm -1 for the anharmonic ω 01 (OH) ofcagelike clusters with an anharmonicity constant of 78 cm - is in fair agreement with the experiment, as it is the computed value of 1454 ± 10 kJ/mol for the deprotonation energy obtained by averaging values for the four different cagelike clusters. For the interaction with the NH 3 molecule, the computed average value of 841 ± 69 cm -1 for the shift of the ω 01 (OH) stretching frequency is in excellent agreement with the experimental value measured on amorphous silica at low temperature; the computed average value of 29 ± 3 kJ/mol for the heat of interaction of NH 3 is definitely underestimated with respect to the microcalorimetric measurements, probably because of the neglect of dispersive interactions and long-range forces not accounted for by the cluster approach.


An efficient numerical technique to study the signal propagation delay and crosstalk developed in crossing interconnections has been developed. The model has been built to study GaAs-based VLSICs, but can be adapted to study other semiconductor materials. The code has two function calls, one each for propagation delay and for crosstalk. The main program calls each of these functions to compute the required quantities. The various line parameters have been made global. The code is constructed in a manner which enables the user to study the dependence of delay and crosstalk on any of the line parameters. The algorithm is given.<<ETX>>


The invention concerns a generator wherein the refrigerating installation circuit (14a, 14b) towards the exchanger (15) arranged in the insulating housing (21) and on its return path, passes through (19) the reservoir (19) containing the eutectic liquid (20) and comprises therein a branch pipe (15a) which is fed under the control of an electric valve (38) controlled by adjusting means (29), while the latter are connected through control electrical circuits to the means (17, 18) generating the air stream and to the pump (27) of the secondary circuit, and comprise a programme triggering, when the vehicle is stopped and at least sequentially, the supply of the pump (27) of the accumulation circuit and the means (17, 18) generating the air stream, and when the vehicle is moving and at the start of the air conditioning process, the opening by the electric valve (38) of the branched refrigerating circuit (15a) and the supply of the secondary circuit pump, only after the temperature of passenger compartment has reached a comfort value.


This paper describes features of a program development environment of particular use for student programmers. The environment contains tools for both textual and graphical program development. The textual tools include those now commonly found in interactive programming environments: interactive interpreter, language-based editor, debugger. The tools are provided for four languages in the "Pascal family:" Pascal, C, Modula-2 and Fortran. An important student-oriented feature of the environment is the capability for rapid switching between languages, allowing features in different languages to be compared side by side. The environment also provides a graphical program interface that students may use to test their programs interactively. The graphical interface is based on the notion of the control panel, through which students may interact with gauges and knobs to view and animate program data structures and output.


The aim of this study was to analyze the factors related to the management and planning of the work process and health education of Dental Specialist Centers (CEO) in Ceara State. A database was used with the results of the external evaluation of the 1st cycle of the Access and Quality Improvement Program of the Dental Specialist Centers (PMAQ-CEO). Through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, it was possible to verify a significant association between CEO with management modality through inter-municipal or regional consortiums in the following aspects: training and qualification of managerial professionals, stronger employment ties, management actions for the organization of the CEO's work process, shorter estimated waiting time for users to attend the CEO, user participation in social control and satisfaction surveys, conducting continuing education activities in the planning and qualification process. actions developed. It can be concluded that factors related to work processes, management and health education are associated with CEOs with management modality executed through regional consortia when compared to those belonging to direct administration.


Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 protein (Fndc5) is responsible for producing a secretory protein termed, "irisin." A modified expression of Fndc5 has been reported in different tissues dur...


The diurnal and seasonal changes of photosynthetic rate (Pn) of Pyrus bretschneideri (CV.jinfeng and pingguoli) that are cultivated in sandy land were studied.Results showed that the diurnal changes of Pn of jinfeng cultivars show one peak curves,and the peak value that occurs at 9:00 in the morning is 10.158 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .The diurnal changes of Pn of pingguoli cultivar show two peak curves and the first peak value that occurs at 9:00 in the morning and the second peak value that occurs at 13:00 are 14.566 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 10.972 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 respectively.Howerver there are more obvious relationship and regressive equation among Pn、TRAN、CINT、VPD in two kind of pear trees,and WUE also.


This paper focuses on the application of Taguchi Robust Design to Lean Production System to analyse Industrial production wastes. The purpose of this study is to present robust design approach that reduces and possibly eliminate losses to the society that arise due to variations leading to wastes in production processes. Past literatures were reviewed and applied to case study Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing Company (IVM) for the purpose of this study. The application of the Taguchi robust design approach to IVM motor production processes revealed that over-production, excess inventory, defects, and over-processing are the major wastes that are impeding their progress and profitability. The successful application of Taguchi robust design using Design Expert software to analyse two production periods produced varying results, and also revealed Overproduction and Excess inventory as the highest forms of wastes in the firm. In IVM's first three months of production, over-production had the highest percentage of waste contribution of 87.96, followed by excess inventory, defects, and over-processing with 5.57, 4.77, and 1.71 respectively, although the same findings were made in the last modelling, but the values of their percentage waste contributions varied. The modelling of IVM's last three months of production produced better results as it yielded the highest optimization value of 90.44%, against that of the first analysis which had 82.30%. The work showed that to guard against logistics problems as well as shortfalls that may arise from the inability of their suppliers to meet up with demands, the company should strictly maintain 43 inventories, and also manufacture 43 vehicles every month, and subsequently adjust whenever there is a significant change in demand. Finally, a deduction was made that for business of production to be competitive and profitable in companies in the twenty first century auto market, steps to reduce and possibly eliminate all forms of wastes by implementing full Taguchi robust design approaches of Lean Production System is imperative.


Based on the calculation method of double-wall system and sound transmission loss of assembling unit,the calculation method of sound transmission loss for vehicle dash mat is obtained. The sound transmission loss is calculated by testing a certain vehicle dash mat in reverberant room to anechoic room. The results show that this method is suitable for the fast calculation of sound transmission loss for vehicle dash mat components. By optimizing the sound-insulated performance of vehicle dash mat,an ideal performance is finally achieved. This calculation method will be of guiding significance for the design and optimization of vehicle dash mat parts.


For recommender systems, time is often an important source of information but it is also a complex dimension to apprehend. We propose here to learn item and user representations such that any timely ordered sequence of items selected by a user will be represented as a trajectory of the user in a representation space. This allows us to rank new items for this user. We then enrich the item and user representations in order to perform rating prediction using a classical matrix factorization scheme. We demonstrate the interest of our approach regarding both item ranking and rating prediction on a series of classical benchmarks.


Neurotransmitter expression is widely used as a criterion for classifying neurons. It was initially thought that neurons express a single type of neurotransmitter, a phenomenon commonly recognized as Dale's principle: "one neuron, one transmitter." Consequently, the expression of a single neurotransmitter should determine stable and distinguishable neuronal characteristics. However, this notion has been largely challenged and increasing evidence accumulates supporting a different scenario: "one neuron, multiple neurotransmitters." Single-cell transcriptomics provides an additional path to address coexpression of neurotransmitters, by investigating the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and transmission of fast-acting neuromodulators. Here, we study neuronal phenotypes based on the expression of neurotransmitters, at single-cell resolution, across different animal species representing distinct clades of the tree of life. We take advantage of several existing scRNAseq datasets and analyze them in light of neurotransmitter plasticity. Our results show that while most neurons appear to predominantly express a single type of neurotransmitter, a substantial number of neurons simultaneously expresses a combination of them, across all animal species analyzed.


The application of corpus-based data-driven in teaching is more and more common, which not only builds a platform for foreign language learning, but also provides self-access learning for students. The corpus-based data-driven and self-access learning concept requires students to learn language in relatively real language environment. This paper firstly states corpus-based data-driven learning methods and concept of self-access learning, then discusses the impact of data-driven on foreign language vocabulary learning. In the end, it analyzes the application of corpus-based data-driven in foreign language vocabulary learning. I hope that this paper could give certain reference for teachers and students.


In this article, the effective stiffness of a laminated composite cylinder with circular cutouts is defined by the homogenization method. Based on the continuous model, a simplified theory is presented for conducting the buckling analysis of the laminated composite cylinder with circular cutouts. The simplified theory is defined by the Ritz method. By the finite element analysis and experimental analysis, the validity of the simplified theory is verified. Finally, the simplified theory is applied to optimize a laminated composite cylinder with circular cutouts for an aerospace application to minimize mass. The optimization result allows a database to be calculated on the buckling characteristics of laminated composite cylinders with circular cutouts for aerospace applications. Consequently, it is concluded that the simplified theory is well suited to the buckling analysis of a laminated cylindrical structure with circular cutouts in aerospace applications due to their simplicity and computational efficiency.


Activation of different damage mechanisms during each stage of loading is one of the distinctive characteristics of composite materials which are not unavoidable. In this paper, Acoustic Emission (AE) technique as a non-destructive testing method is developed to detect damage mechanisms in each stage of buckling loading of glass/polyester composite materials. Four types of specimen at different layups, [0 0 ,90 0 ]6s, [45 0 /-45 0 ]6s, [0 0 ]6s and [woven]6s leading to different level of damage evolution, were studied. During buckling loading, data from mechanical testing and acoustic emission is obtained and its features are analyzed in time-domain. Among the extracted features, count, energy and amplitude variations were more distinctive to show the evolution of damage mechanisms. In this way, the fractured surface of each specimen is prepared and analyzed by SEM to find the type of damages that are existed during loading. SEM observations show that the damage mechanisms including matrix cracking, fiber breakage, debonding and fiber pull-out. This observations are in relation with the results are obtained from AE. The results show that there is a good relation between what AE features variations have proposed and what SEM observations during testing. Also, the efficiency of AE as a useful tool for damage evolution and monitoring is concluded.


The study aims to design an emergency response system for mobile applications to enhance the capability of emergency response units to respond
to traffic incidents. The location area, number of accidents and list of top barangays prone to accidents were presented and identified. The accidentprone areas and nearby response units have been mapped on the mobile application to develop the application and integrate spatial data analysis,
and can be viewed by the registered users. The result shows that it can be accessed on any mobile device that is enabled and useful to any users or
community members for information on optimized routes to nearby response units, in a user-friendly interface. The user could easily report the
accident and get the alert, while the response unit would review the report and determine the coordinates for the area of accident. The feature of the
study was designed to enhance the reporting process of an incident, enabling the responding units to easily locate the accident area and respond
immediately. The evaluation of the mapped accident-prone areas and reporting process on the mobile application of the emergency response
system for traffic incidents was also provided. The respondents evaluated the proposed system with a total weighted mean of 4.29 as moderately
acceptable.


Introduction:Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder diagnosed when a child growing as expected has abdominal pain or discomfort once per week for at least 2 months without other disease .Limited information is available about the number of children with IBS.One study in North America found that 14 percent of high school students and 6 percent of middle school students have IBS affecting boys and girls equally.Difficult situations such as exam period are considered to be most important factors on IBS in children.
Objective:This study aims at clarifying the role of stress before and during the examinations along with the pressures by the parents on children in exam season in schools.
Method and materials:20 students with the experience of IBS were identified in the schools and their parents were asked to report the referring to physicians because of IBS.They were monitored exactly before exam period in school and were contacted by phone during vacation.
Result:60 % of the students attended the exam with some signs of IBS while they were mostly under the pressure of their mothers.Variations of food before the exam was the most second important thing they encountered and 25% had experienced the father`s pressure.There was no significant difference among the boys and girls.The threat of principals was another factor .
Conclusion:It is necessary for mothers to become aware of negative effects of enthusiasm for children to study hard before or during the exams and principals are obliged to encourage children to be free from stress.


The invention relates to an intelligent photochromic window and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of building of architecture. The intelligent photochromic window comprises a window frame and photochromic glass, wherein the photochromic glass is arranged in the window frame; the outer top of the window frame is provided with a roller shutter shaft; a shading roller shutter is arranged on the roller shutter shaft; the photochromic glass indicates composite glass formed by compositely smearing silver bromide and copper oxide on normal glass; the shading roller shutter is a normal shade cloth roller shutter; and one end of the roller shutter shaft is provided with a pull rope. According to the intelligent photochromic window, the light transmittance of the window can be changed along with intensity of sunlight, strong sunlight in summer is avoided, the light environment in the window is improved, and the comfort of a human body is enhanced; and the intelligent photochromic window is easy and convenient to produce and mount.


Convolutional neural networks have shown successful results in image classification achieving real-time results superior to the human level. However, texture images still pose some challenge to these models due, for example, to the limited availability of data for training in several problems where these images appear, high inter-class similarity, the absence of a global viewpoint of the object represented, and others. In this context, the present paper is focused on improving the accuracy of convolutional neural networks in texture classification. This is done by extracting features from multiple convolutional layers of a pretrained neural network and aggregating such features using Fisher vector. The reason for using features from earlier convolutional layers is obtaining information that is less domain specific. We verify the effectiveness of our method on texture classification of benchmark datasets, as well as on a practical task of Brazilian plant species identification. In both scenarios, Fisher vectors calculated on multiple layers outperform state-of-art methods, confirming that early convolutional layers provide important information about the texture image for classification.


The Mongolian University of Science and Technology collects information (data) related to teaching methods and learning environment using a brief questionnaire from each student each semester. The data collected via questionnaires should be used for analysis of education activities, as well as development of policy level measures directed to improve education quality and teaching methods. However, as was observed by teachers, there is still an insufficiency in development of collected data and actions taken based on the results. In order to conduct comparative study within the framework of this issue, one module was taught by the same teacher (Theoretical mechanics 2) and other three different subjects (Mathematics 1, Information Technology 1, Theoretical Mechanics 1) were chosen, which are selected by most of the students, and ultimately processed the results with the use of the SURE model of structure-based evaluation. In this article, a total of 66681 evaluation data were provided by students who completed general education courses, professional foundation courses and other specialized courses at three schools (School of Industrial Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering and Transportation, School of Information and Telecommunication Technology) under the MUST, and these data were processed with the use of evaluation model mentioned above and the results were compared with the outcomes of previous study.


The approximation problem of filter function was solved mathematically, most directly applying the summed Christoffel-Darboux formula for the all classical orthogonal polynomials. The starting point in solving the approximation problem is the direct application of the Christoffel-Darboux formula for the initial set of continual Jacobi orthogonal polynomials in the finite interval, [-1,+1] , in full respect to the weighting function with two free real parameters. The examples of proposed all-pole low-pass filter functions in frequency domain for magnitude responses of even, 10th, and odd, 11th, order are illustrated and compared with classical solutions. The approximation is shown to yield a very good compromise solution in view of the filter frequency characteristics (both magnitude and phase characteristics). The paper proposes new class filter functions with an excellent approach to ideal filter characteristic.


The molecular arrangements of two different alkylsubstituted oligothiophenes, α,α′-dihexylquaterthiophene (DH4T) and α,α′-dioctylterthiophene (DOTT), in monolayers on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were studied with a joint theoretical/experimental approach. Scanning tunneling microscopy was used both at the liquid/solid interface and in dry conditions to investigate the ordering of the conjugated oligomers in two-dimensional layers. DH4T and DOTT form well-ordered monolayers at large scales with interdigitated packing on MoS2. In addition, DOTT exhibits an arrangement in which a dimer-type stacking of the conjugated backbone with an interlocking of the alkyl side chains is formed. Molecular modeling simulations have been used to provide insights into the microscopic morphology and to assess the stability of the different assemblies of DOTT and DH4T on MoS2.


While the U.S. Congress is dealing with the current presidential crisis and trying to pass a budget before adjourning in early October, some diplomats are warning that a key piece of legislation that affects nearly one billion people in more than 100 countries is being overlooked.

The Senate must ratify the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) before the next meeting of the convention on November 30 in Senegal, in order for the United States to be a full participant in working out the technical details of the treaty.


Objective To investigate the diagnosis value of high sensitive C-reactive protein( hs-CRP)/serum procalcitonin( PCT) and high mobility group box-1,HMGB1) in chlidren with Protracted diarrhea for clinical new treatment. Methods There had 236 patients in the study by clinical diagnosis during March 2009-March 2011. hs-CRP was tested by rate of scattering the immune turbidimetry,PCT was tested by immunochemiluminometric assays and HMGB1was tested by ELISA. At the same time makes the blood and culture specimens The positive standard are hs-CRP 10mg/L,PCT 0. 5uɡ/L and OD≥2. 27. Difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Results Blood and then develop negative children 223 cases( 94. 49%),with 107 cases hs-CRP positive,positive rate is 47. 98%; 134 PCT positive,positive rate is 60. 09%; 211 cases of HMGB1 positive rate is 94. 62%; HMGB1 compared with hs-CRP and PCT expression difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05) The hs CRP and PCT is no statistically significant difference. Blood and cultivate positive children 13 cases,10 cases of hs-CRP positive,PCT 9 cases, HMGB1 12 cases,three expression differences have no statistical significance( P 0. 05). Conclusions In the process of chronic inflammation,the expression of HMGB1-was the hs-CRP and PCT and more sensitive,may reflect the severity of the illness,can be used as an index of clinical treatment of chronic inflammation.


In this article,the belief of scientific research in America is interpreted the result of historical construction in the society.The course of construction has passed through four periods in turn;that's,one belief dominating,two poles confronting each other,three members disputing and multi-beliefs integrally balanceable developing.The construction process is not only impacted by scientific factor,but also by non-scientific ingredient.In fact,the construction is closely contacted with the cognition about the relation of science,technology and engineering.


This produces dissociation between the conscious and unconscious mind engendering an unrecognized longing to discover the self, to become what he already is, to actualize his potentialities, to live in harmony with the cosmic order. If it was the latter, the apparently "neurotic search for spiritual glory that was unrealizable" is not an uncommon reaction. After all, psychic or mystical death and rebirth constitute the most intoxicating inner drama known to man. So it might have been a temporary hubris. This often changes to humility when higher levels of consciousness are sustained.


We present a mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of two species of malaria with time lags. The model is equally applicable to two strains of a malaria species. The reproduction numbers of the two species are obtained and used as threshold parameters to study the stability and bifurcations of the equilibria of the model. We find that the model has a disease free equilibrium, which is a global attractor when the reproduction number of each species is less than one. Further, we observe that the non-disease free equilibrium of the model contains stability switches and Hopf bifurcations take place when the delays exceed the critical values.


The essence of Wushu is eternal but its functions and forms are changeable.They are continuously enriched and improved by the development of Wushu.It pointed out that Wushu's functions have obvious phase charecter and the "competitive Wushu" has a new function,which is adaptive to the progress of the ages and the need of the society.Its establishment is of great enrichment and development to Wushu's numerous functions.And,it will have great benefit to the perfect of Wushu's system and to the internationalization development of Wushu.


Changes in the electronic and emission properties of a photocathode on the basis of a multilayered structure of oxidized Gd atoms (probably, Gd2O3) on the Si(100) substrate after the deposition of additional layers of Gd atoms onto its surface and the bombardment with Ar ions have been studied by the methods of photoelectron (hν = 2.3÷10.2 eV) and Auger electron spectroscopies. The modifications of photocathode properties are found to depend on the defectness of the near-surface photocathode layer, being a result of the change in the concentration of localized electron states located in the energy gap of Gd2O3. It is shown that the bombardment of a Si–Gd–O cathode with Ar ions and its exposition to atomic hydrogen can be used to control its spectral and emission characteristics. A possibility to use the energy diagram proposed by us for the photocathode to qualitatively analyze its properties is confirmed.


We show that diffusive couplings are necessary for minimization of cost functionals integrating quadratic synchronization error and quadratic input signals. This holds for identical linear systems with eigenvalues either on the imaginary axis or in the open left half-plane, whilst for eigenvalues in the open right half-plane, we present a counterexample in which the strong solution to the associated algebraic Riccati equation is not diffusive. For nonidentical systems satisfying the internal model principle for synchronization, we show that a certain part of the coupling must be diffusive. For equally chosen weights in the cost functional, we show that the dimension of the associated algebraic Riccati equation can be reduced significantly.


II. Methodology.. .207 A. Biomass and Maintenance Equations .208 B. Bioreaction Network Equation.. ,209 1. Singularities.. .210 2. Production Rate Vector . 2 I0 3. Solution and Sensitivity Analysis .211 4. Redundancy Analysis .212 5. Additional Information. . 2 13 C. Summary of the Algorithm.. .214


The underrepresentation of African‐Americans among medical research participants is receiving considerable attention because of recent government mandates for the inclusion of all racial/ethnic groups in human subject research. Therefore, there is a need to determine factors that influence minority enrollment in medical research studies.


One kind of IPM permanent magnet synchronous motor, is a permanent magnet motor, the motor comprising a stator a stator core (1), an armature winding (2) and consisting of a permanent magnet magnetized by the tangential (3), the guide rotor poles N the magnet (4), the rotor S pole magnetizer (5), the drive end fixing cup (7), the non-drive end fixing cup (8) and the shaft (6) and the bearing (9) of the rotor, a stator and a rotor composed of means the front end cap (10), the cover (11) and the casing (12) within. Tangentially magnetized permanent magnets (3), the rotor magnet N pole guide (4) and the rotor pole magnetizer S (5) an axial length (1) is longer than the stator core, the armature can be effectively utilized winding termination portion of its length, because axial rotor core flux concentration, the motor air gap flux density is increased, further increase the power density permanent magnet motor, in the aerospace, high performance requirements of civil applications a higher value.


The paper describes the execution of the TanDEM-X commissioning phase. It provides the challanges and constraints of the different tasks and their impact on each other during the commissioning phase. In addition, the paper gives information about the tasks to be performed.


Aims: to ascertain the degree of implementation of Family and Community Medicine (MFyC) on the undergraduate medicine degree course of Spanish universities. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study, January-March 2023. Ad-hoc questionnaire, completed by lecturers of 44 medical schools (academic year 2022-2023). The questionnaire included six MFyC topics; that is, supervised family practice internships, shifts, teaching and evaluation methodologies and lecturers in medical schools.


An analysis of different types of arcs and nodes in various types of fuzzy graphs like cycles, trees, blocks, complete fuzzy graphs is made. The notion of convexity in fuzzy graphs is introduced and the existence of a geodesic cover for a connected fuzzy graph is established. The ideas like geodesic iteration number, convex hull, hull number, convexity number, check node, complete node and extreme node of a connected fuzzy graph are introduced. Some thoughts on complement of a fuzzy graph are shared.


ABSTRACTThe activities of Adolph Bandelier in the Southwest during the late 19th century have long been of interest to scholars with a variety of interests. This paper is limited to a consideration, or evaluation, of his ethnological investigations among the Puebloan tribes. In terms of the present day, his work reveals the shortcomings typical of the efforts of most scholarly pioneers; nonetheless, Bandelier's findings have great value in the study of Puebloan peoples.


Analyzing contemporary records about organization of the department's economical activity the author comes to the conclusion that its financing was irregular and very scantily that made the authority of the department to borrow money from different kind of structures (private as well) for its maintenance costs.


An expectation-maximization (EM) technique for maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of a random parameter is employed to devise a per-survivor phase-tracking algorithm for phase-shift-keyed signals transmitted over channels with phase jitter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide substantial performance gains over recursive and nonrecursive phase estimators in the presence of a strong phase jitter.


In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the positions of human joints, i.e., articulated pose estimation. Recent state-of-the-art solutions model two key issues, joint detection and spatial configuration refinement, together using convolutional neural networks. Our work mainly focuses on spatial configuration refinement by reducing variations of human poses statistically, which is motivated by the observation that the scattered distribution of the relative locations of joints (e.g., the left wrist is distributed nearly uniformly in a circular area around the left shoulder) makes the learning of convolutional spatial models hard. We present a two-stage normalization scheme, human body normalization and limb normalization, to make the distribution of the relative joint locations compact, resulting in easier learning of convolutional spatial models and more accurate pose estimation. In addition, our empirical results show that incorporating multi-scale supervision and multi-scale fusion into the joint detection network is beneficial. Experiment results demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the benchmarks.


tag=1 data=Corporate Welfare and the ACTU. by Rick Krever.

tag=2 data=Krever, Rick

tag=3 data=Current Affairs Bulletin,

tag=4 data=67

tag=5 data=8

tag=6 data=January 1991

tag=7 data=21-25.

tag=8 data=TRADE UNIONS

tag=10 data=The ACTU has embarked upon a campaign in support of a new corporate welfare proposal. The union movement has called for large subsidies for companies investing in downstream processing of natural resources to produce semi-finished materials such as aluminium, steel, pulp and paper, and base metals.

tag=11 data=1991/3/5

tag=12 data=91/0467

tag=13 data=CAB


The invention discloses a miniature active microwave and millimeter wave I/Q variable phase reversal quadrature filter. The filter comprises a single-pole double-throw switch chip WKD102010040, a low-noise amplifier chip WFD022036-L12, a 50-ohm resistance input/output interface attached to the surface, a parallel resonance unit module of a strip line structure, and a broadside coupling strip line of a dual-spiral structure. The above-mentioned structures are all obtained through the multi-layer low-temperature cofired ceramics technology (LTCC technology). The filter has the advantages of being variable, capable of achieving phase reversal quadrature, low in insertion loss, easy to adjust, light in weight, small in size, high in reliability, good in electrical performance, high in temperature stability, low in cost, capable of being produced on a large scale and the like, and is suitable for occasions with strict requirements of communication, satellite communication and the like in corresponding millimeter wave frequency bands for the size, electrical performance, temperature stability and reliability, and suitable for corresponding systems.


Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is secreted by cells of mesodermal origin and shows powerful mitogenic, motogenic and morphogenic activities on epithelial and endothelial cells. It is a heparin‐binding polypeptide with an α/β heterodimeric structure, showing structural homologies with enzymes of the blood clotting cascade. HGF binds with high affinity to the receptor encoded by the MET protooncogene (p190MET). The MET receptor is a heterodimer of two disulfide‐linked subunits (α and β); the α subunit is extracellular, while the β is transmembrane and endowed with tyrosine kinase activity. The HGF‐triggered signaling is mediated by different cytoplasmic effectors, including phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, phospholipase C‐γ, and Src‐related tyrosine kinases. p190MET is expressed in several normal epithelial tissues (e.g., liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney) and is often overexpressed in neoplastic cells. p190MET expression has been reported also in central nervous system microglia, a monocyte‐derived cell population. We recently found that p190MET is expressed in selected peripheral blood cell populations, such as macrophages. The amount of both mRNA and protein is barely detectable, while it is dramatically increased upon activation. These findings suggest that HGF may play a role in hemopoietic cell signaling, during activation and differentiation of blood cell lineages.


Rice is an important strategic material relating to national welfare and people's livelihood,and much attention were taken to it in countries around the world.The rice processing research is very active.The status quo and newly research progress of rice processing abroad were expounded and were also compared to those in our country.The gap between our country and foreign countries in this field was presented in the end.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and antibacterial resistance of clinical isolates from non-ICU inpatients in China. METHODS Disc diffusion test,MIC test and E-test were used to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from non-ICU inpatients in China.WHONET 5.4 was applied for analyzing the bacterial susceptible data from 59 tertiary Mohnarin member hospitals in China from January 1,2010 to December 31,2010. RESULTS A total of 47 203 bacterial strains were isolated in the survey period,which included 33 110(70.1%) gram-negative strains,14093(29.9%) gram-positive strains.Escherichia coli(17.8%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(11.3%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(10.7%),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.4%),Staphlococcus aureus(8.5%) were the most common isolates.Cefoxitin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci(MRCNS) accounted for 48.9% and 64.2%,respectively.There was no glycopeptides-resistant Staphylococcus to be found,but a few of coagulase-negative Staphylococci were teicoplanin-resistant.Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and E.faecium was 0.6% and 2.3%,and teicoplanin-resistant 0.4% and 1.2%,respectively.The detected rates of ESBLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae were 68.6% and 41.9%,respectively,The drug resistant rates of Enterobacteriaceae to amikacin and beta-lactamase inhibitors combinations were below 25.0%.Carbapenem were still highly potent against Enterobacteriaceae.The drug resistant rates of P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii were higher than those of previous surveillance,especially to carbapenems.The resistant rates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to quinolones and minocycline were below 25.0%. CONCLUSION Enterobacteriaceae,non-fermenting bacteria and Staphylococci are the predominant pathogens in non-ICU inpatients.Bacterial drug resistance is getting worse.Especially MRSA,ESBL positive Enterobacteriaceae,carbapenem-resistant non-fermenters and fluoroquiolone-resistant E.coli are predominant threat for antimicrobial therapy.


The purpose of our study was to pinpoint the hallmarks of military radiology during the first 20 years after the discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. X-ray examination become indispensable for the diagnosis and treatments of military wounds. Initially, x-ray apparatus were installed in permanent military hospitals. The evo- lution of technology and the increasing needs for immediate treatment led to the use of portable x- ray machines in battlefield and temporary military hospitals, as well as in hospital ships. During this period the first important manuals on military radiology will come up such as those of William Borden and Marie Curie. The first twenty years after the discovery of x-rays were the most impor- tant part in the establishment of military radiology as a scientific discipline in military medicine.


We present a new approach to the problem of stable inversion of nonlinear non-minimum phase systems. It is based on the notion of convergent systems. The machinery of convergent systems allows us to obtain novel qualitative and quantitative conditions for solving this problem. Qualitatively, they cover the conditions for the stable inversion of non-minimum phase nonlinear systems previously reported in literature and allow us to solve this problem for a broader class of systems. The proposed approach leads to a novel computational method for the stable inversion problem.


This study examined introductory journalism writing courses and compared hybrid (part online/part classroom) versus online grammar instruction. The hybrid structure allowed for grammar topics to be taught online, with a pretest following, and then reviewing missed/difficult pretest concepts in class prior to a posttest. The quasi-experimental separate-sample pretest–posttest research design spanned four semesters and included data from 567 students. Although differences emerged between hybrid and online regarding different grammatical concepts, overall results indicated that student grammar scores improved regardless of teaching method. However, students in the hybrid course were significantly more satisfied with overall media writing skills acquired than were online students.


In one of her more interesting but perhaps less successful articles, Kirsten Hastrup ("Presenting the Past") once juxtaposed Ari Porgilsson's account of the Conversion in Islendingabok to a Mataco myth explaining the foundation of the poor relationship that obtains between the Mataco and the Christians. Her purpose was to attack the problem of the relationship between myth and history as modes of representation of the same goal, the linking of past and present, and although she concedes differences, these are largely contextual, for myth is the history of oral culture, while history is the inyth of cultures that depend on writing. "Myth," she concludes, "embeds the past in the present, while history embeds the present in the past" ("Presenting the Past" 266). Following Gerd Wolfgang Weber ("Irreligiositat und Heldenzeitalter"), she accepts that the Icelandic sagas passed from one mode to the other. For their time (12th-13th century), they were history, but later they assumed the proportion of myths, dealing with sacred origins of Icelandic society.... As for Islendingabok... it has not quite been redefined yet, but on the whole it could be an example of history turning into myth under impact of time and of changing "historical" conventions. (262) Obviously such a statement requires defining myth in the "anthropological" sense of a foundation narrative set in some more or less distant past and explaining how the "world" -- this can be defined very locally -- got to be the way it is. Such a definition is just as valid as one requiring gods to act at or around the beginning of time, and in that sense Islendingabok was kind of myth from the very moment of writing, as I shall argue below. That this sense is applicable to the earliest Icelandic history is suggested in an article by Hermann Palsson on porir Grimsson's landtaking, which Hermann uses alongside Cadmus's founding of Thebes and Aeneas's of Rome to construct an archetype of foundation. His conclusion, namely that the incident in Landmark depends on foreign learning rather than native tradition, does not necessarily reflect on the semantics of the term myth. Beyond this kind of myth, however, it is interesting and significant, that Islendingabok actually shares concerns with the mythology as we know it from the Eddas. These turn on the understanding of froedi as knowledge of the origin, extent, and details of the space in which events play themselves out: Iceland on the one hand, the mythological cosmos on the other. In his Prologue, Ari referred to the contents of his little book as froedi, and Snorri later verified that usage in the Prologue to Heimskringla. Ari prestr inn frodi Porgilsson, Gellissonar ritadi fyrstr manna her a landi at norroeunu mali froedi, bedi forna ok nyja. [Ed. Bjarni Adalbjarnarson 5] (1) The priest Ari the Learned, the son of Porgils, the son of Gellir, was the first person here in this land to write learned matter [froedi], both ancient and recent. Thanks especially to Preben Meulengracht Sorensen and Hastrup, we have a fairly good sense of the meanings and connotations of the term froedi in relation to history and narrative. What has been omitted from their discussions is the use of the term in the mythology as well: of the seeress in Voluspa, for example, who recounts the entire curve of the mythology, the refrain goes "fjold veit hon froedi." The adjective frodr is used of both Odinn and Vafprudnir as they pit their cosmological knowledge against each other, and in the heroic poems Fafnismal and Gripisspa, the terms are used in connection with prophecy, a realm similar to myth.(2) Odinn, Vafprudnir, Saemundr, Ari--each was frodr by virtue of his possession and control of knowledge. In the following brief survey of the contents of Ari's Libellus, I will develop several themes that refute to myth in one way or another: migration, law, and the ordering and structure of the cosmos. …


Objective To investigate the influence of Erythropoietin on cardiac myocyte apoptosis and CK-MB level in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury of rabbit,and to explore the protective effects of Erythropoietin and its mechanisms.Methods Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups:I/R injury group(C)and Erythropoietin group(EPO group).Rabbits were subjected to descending coronary artery(LAD)occlusion to establish rabbit myocardial I/R injury models.When the LAD was ligated,recombinant human Erythropoietin(rhEPO)was injected in EPO group by ear vein,I/R group were injected saline equivalently.Observinvg indexs:(1)testing the serum concentration of CK-MB at 5 min before occlusion,60 min after occlusion,60 min and 180 min after reperfusion.(2)testing the apoptotic index of the corresponding ischemic myocardium myocardial cell at 180 min after reperfusion,observing the general myocardial tissue morphosis organizational structure by light microscope.Results The serum CK-MB concentration increased gradually with the ischemia and reperfusion time(P0.01).Before ischemia,the serum CK-MB concentrations had no significant difference between EPO group and the I/R group(P0.05).The CK-MB concentrations in EPO group were markedly lower comparing with the I/RI group at 60 min after ischemia,60 min and 180 min after reperfusion(all P0.01).Compared with the I/R group,the apoptotic index of ischemic zone in EPO group decreased significantly(P0.01).Conclusions EPO has clear protective effects on the myocardial I/R injury in rabbits.The mechanisms of its cardioprotection may be associated with stabilizing the myocardium cell membrane structure to decrease the release of myocardial enzyme and to inhibit cardiac myocyte apoptosis.