This paper, by a Bangladeshi and a New Zealander, brings together narrative inquiry studies of the leadership initiatives in two quite different rural schools, in Bangladesh and New Zealand respectively. The schools are in communities that might be considered as significantly underprivileged, and generationally alienated from education, within their own countries. Those communities, however, have richness of different kinds. The schools have explored and found ways of connecting with that richness and their experiences can offer ideas to others in diverse locations, including the urban. Both cases are sites of an adventurous approach to meeting the needs of their students. Both illustrate how a rich learning environment can be created when the needs, aspirations and resources of the local environment and community are investigated, attended to and utilised. The paper reports the context and innovations in both schools. In doing so it highlights the dangers of homogenising national curricular concepts that ignore the importance of place and the emplaced identity of communities. It questions where a deficit lies: is it in the local rural community and its school or in national,and global systems thinking that ignores the significance of the local and particular? It also suggests that the place-based approaches in these two schools offer useful contributions to some of the challenges of education – in urban as much as rural settings - in a world that faces possibly extreme change.


This study aims to determine the effect of tunneling incentives, bonus mechanism, and company size on transfer pricing with tax minimization which acts as a moderating variable. Case studies with qualitative research method are used as a strategy in this research. The research population uses manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2021. Purpose sampling was used for the sampling procedure with a total of 81 companies according to the criteria after being multipled by 3 years of observation. The analytical method used is Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of the study show that tunneling incentives have an effect on transfer pricing, while the bonus mechanism and firm size have no effect on transfer pricing. Tax minimization is able to moderate the effect of the bonus mechanism on transfer pricing, but tax minimization is not able to moderate the relationship between tunneling incentive, company size and transfer pricing.


ABSTRACT Although poverty rates in the US are among the highest in the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), there is limited public support for a new war on poverty and persistent opposition of the provision of generous welfare. This article addresses the long-standing puzzle of why such attitudes have proved so resistant to change. Based on focus groups discussions, this article offers the suggestion that this resistance may be due to public attachment to a shared conceptual model of poverty. The model embraces the American dream and a belief that opportunity enables anybody with adequate effort to achieve all their aspirations.


The articles [25], [14], [30], [24], [31], [13], [32], [29], [26], [16], [2], [10], [22], [1], [4], [3], [5], [6], [11], [15], [27], [28], [12], [20], [23], [21], [19], [17], [18], [7], [8], and [9] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. In this paperX, x, z denote sets. Let Sbe a non empty non void many sorted signature and let A be a non empty algebra over S. Observe that ⋃ (the sorts ofA) is non empty. Let Sbe a non empty non void many sorted signature and let A be a non empty algebra over S. An element ofA is an element of ⋃ (the sorts ofA). One can prove the following two propositions:


In the era of universal mathematics education in the civilised world and a general ability to perform calculations, the size of social awkwardness in maths is surprising. Despite the fact that mathematics is considered a vital part of the "rational man power", a lot of people have a kind of "mathemaphobia" – mainly developed by the school. The specificity of each area of knowledge is the source of the impact of hidden content in different but intersecting areas of an individual. In the social sciences they are more associated with the filtering of information on the wider social relations, while science is an area of cognitive interactions directed towards nature. The teaching of mathematics, as well as other subjects at school, brings a certain message as part of the hidden curriculum.


The invention relates to a bidirectional authentication method and a system based on a symmetric encipherment algorithm. The method comprises: 1) a READER, a TAG and an electronic tag application system database (DB) corporately finish the collision process; 2) DB constructs and sends a certificate discrimination request grouping to an authentication server (AS); 3) sending a certificate discrimination response grouping to DB; 4) sending challenge information grouping to READER; 5) sending authentication request grouping to TAG; 8) sending the authentication response grouping to the READER; 7) sending certificate request grouping to DB; and 8) sending certificate response grouping to the READER. The invention can realize the bidirectional authentication method and the system based on the symmetric encipherment algorithm, which can perform bidirectional authentication and can reasonably utilize equipment performance without secure link between the database and the electronic tag.


Theology and philosophy have traditionally assumed a radical split between human beings and the rest of creation. Philosophically, the split is usually justified in terms of a locus humanus, some one cognitive trait that human beings possess and nonhuman animals do not. Theologically, this trait is usually identified as that which makes us in the image of God. Research in animal cognition, however, suggests that we are not unique in as many respects as we think we are. This suggests that we rethink the idea of the image of God, In light of this, I propose that we think of nature itself as being in the image of God, with humankind as part of the broader natural and theological process.


In view of the low convergence rate and the poor sensitivity to the variation of the error curved surface of dynamic BP neural networks learning rate optimization,this paper proposed an improvement algorithm of the BP neural networks learning rate.The algorithm makes network more sensitive to the variation of the error curved surface and has a fast convergence rate.


A spiritual leader with an interest in research has encountered opposition to his plans to speak at a scientific meeting. But he is perfectly entitled to do so.


Purpose: To compare the visual and refractive outcomes, patient satisfaction and spectacle independence
between three novel designs of diffractive IOLs. Method: Prospective study including
150 patients with implantation of three IOLs: trifocal diffractive IOL AT LISA tri 839 MP (ATLISA, n
= 50), trifocal diffractive IOL PhysIOL FineVision (FineVision, n = 50) and the extended range of vision
IOL Tecnis Symfony ZRX00 (Symfony, n = 50). Patients were followed up for 6 months after
surgery. Major parameters were monocular and binocular uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected
(CDVA) distance, uncorrected (UIVA) and distance corrected (DCIVA) intermediate (80 cm), and
uncorrected (UNVA) and distance corrected (DCNVA) near (40 cm) visual acuities (UNVA), contrast
sensitivity (CS), defocus curve as well as patient satisfaction and spectacle use. Results: Mean
postoperative decimal UDVA was 1.01 for Symfony, 0.96 for ATLISA and 0.95 for the FineVision
IOL. Postoperative UIVA was 0.95 with Symfony, 0.72 with ATLISA and 0.85 with the FineVision
IOL. Postoperative UNVA was 0.96 with the FineVision, 0.72 with the ATLISA and 0.63 with the
Symfony IOL. The Symfony defocus curve showed the smoothest profile. Mean mesopic CS was 0.84
log units with the Symfony, 0.83 with the ATLISA (0.83) and 0.65 with the FineVision IOL. Mean
photopic CS with the Symfony, ATLISA and FineVision was 1.05, 0.85 and 0.69 log units, respectively.
Twenty percent of the patients with the ATLISA and FineVision IOLs and 5.6% of the Symfony
patients reported halos and glare as troublesome or disabling. Reading glasses were frequently
used by 5.6% of the Symfony patients. All patients with the trifocal IOLs reported to be
spectacle-free for any distance. Conclusion: All 3 IOLs produce excellent results with high levels of
spectacle independence. The Symfony produces better levels of distance and intermediate visual
acuity, whereas the trifocal IOLs produced better near vision. Higher frequency of dysphotopsia
was seen with the trifocal IOLs.


Sharing full immersive experience in real-time has been the one of ultimate goals of telecommunication. Possible application can include various applications such as entertainment, sports viewing, education, social network and professional assistance. Recent head-worn wearable camera enables to shoot the first person video, however, view of angle is limited with the head direction of the person who is wearing, and also captured video is shaky that makes us dizzy. We propose LiveSphere, immersive experience sharing system with wearable camera headgear that provide 360 degrees spherical images of the user's surrounding environment. LiveSphere system performs spherical video stabilization and transmits it to other users, so that they are enable to view shared video comfortably and also look around at the scene from a different view angle independently from the first person. In this note, we explain the overview of the LiveSphere system implementation, stabilization and viewing experience.


Biliary complications have long been recognized as a major cause of morbidity and graft failure in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).1–3 Bile leakage and bile duct strictures are the most common complications. According to their localization, strictures can be classified as anastomotic or nonanastomotic. Nonanastomotic intrahepatic strictures (NAS) are considered to be the most troublesome biliary complication. NAS were first described in OLT associated with hepatic artery thrombosis, where the biliary tree becomes ischemic and eventually necrotic, resulting in a typical cholangiographic picture of biliary strictures, dilatations, and intraductal cast formation.4 However, these cholangiographic abnormalities of strictures and dilatations can also be seen in patients who do not have hepatic artery thrombosis,5,6 so the term "ischemictype" biliary lesions (ITBL) emerged (Fig. 1). The reported incidence of ITBL differs greatly between different series, ranging from 1% to 19%.7,8 Variations in the definitions of ITBL used in different studies, as well as the reporting of only symptomatic patients, can at least partly explain these differences. In the majority of series, an incidence of 5% to 15% is reported.9–16


Cervical cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in women. The 5‐year survival rate in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas is approximately 50% and this rate has not improved in recent decades. These cancers are accessible to direct intervention. We examined the ability of a highly efficient non‐viral vector, TransfeX (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), to deliver the suicide gene HSV‐tk to cervical, oral and pharyngeal cancer cells and to induce cytotoxicity following the administration of the prodrug, ganciclovir.


This paper introduced collectivity design of a type of atmospheric laser communication equipment,and given the test data of the experimental prototype based on the program.Test results showed that : The experimental prototype that it was developed in accordance with the program meet the requirements of the collectivity design.


Summary The aim of this work is to develop new technology of acoustic emission (AE) method of rockburst risk assessment in mines based on laboratory tests on rock samples and on local AE measurements under mining conditions. The team of authors is strongly motivated to build up a complex AE method by a rising request coming from the PhosAgro apatite mines, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Two AE parameters have been examined in this work – AE activity and b-factor. As a result AE hazard criteria based on AE activity and AE b-factor have been determined. The method has been applied and tested during mining controlling successfully.


The invention is grown a silicon nanowire on the silicon nano-dots and the thin film of the silicon nano-dots, and forming a silicon thin film having a nano silicon nano-dots in the nucleation layer on the substrate. The present invention can be made of silicon nanowires using the silicon nano thin film silicon nano-dots formed in the silicon nitride-base body without using a metal catalyst in Ireland nucleation layer.


The propulsion of film (Leidenfrost) liquid droplets that encounter a surface asymmetry has observed. Repeated pattern of surface asymmetries, such as the saw-tooth ratchet illustrated in the top video sequence, have been shown to provide sustained droplet propulsion. On the other hand, isolated surface asymmetries such as a step change in height of the surface provides a local droplet acceleration that is illustrated in the bottom figure. Such heat-actuated pumping has been observed for a wide variety of fluids, two of which are illustrated in this photo gallery exhibit. The sequence of images on the top panel is that of a film boiling droplet of R134a (Tb = K) on a room-temperature brass ratchet. This sequence was recorded using an infrared camera. The interval between On the bottom is sequence Upon encountering momentarily


The article is based on field research in various Slovenian minority communities in Austrian Carinthia during the last decade. Caroling, the celebration of a village's patron's feast, church services, and funerals are all events associated with ritualism. The role that Slovenian, as the language of the minority, plays in these events is the focus of this study. While the ritual framework is only one of the circumstances in the few spaces where Slovenian is the majority language, the situation in a mostly Germanized environment is quite different. This research shows that ritual events are rare occasions when Slovenian is spoken as a minority language in public places.


Providers face a paradox between professional conduct and reputation management when they respond to patients' online reviews. This article aims to establish when and how health professionals respond to patients' online reviews, and how these reviews differ compared to other, non-medical, industries, such as driving schools and jewellery stores. Predictors of providers' responses to 180 patient reviews on NHS Choices were identified and compared against the predictors of responses to 180 customer reviews by non-medical providers. Responses to patients' online reviews could be significantly predicted by the number of patient reviews received on NHS Choices and the providers' response routines, but not by characteristics of the patients' reviews. The non-medical providers, on the other hand, were responsive to characteristics of the online reviews and particularly the rating stars allocated to the provider. Responses to reviews seem to be a distinctive way of 'responding without reacting'.


ABSTRACT This article aims to provide the first complete overview of the nature and content of the historical consciousness of the Czech population to be based on knowledge gained through tools from quantitative sociological methodology. First there is a snapshot of the population's interest in the history of the Czech Republic as such; then the focus is on general aspects of historical consciousness, particularly people's ideas about the importance of the forces that influence the course of history, and their assessment of the general importance of history. Interpretation of the analysis concludes with evaluations of Czech national history and its various stages and major events. In the final discussion there is a comprehensive interpretation of the empirical knowledge gained, in the context of existing theoretical concepts.


ABSTRACT Higher education institutions are seeking greater community engagement through academic, social and civic activity. In response, researcher attention has turned to impacts on students' education, and benefits to both university and community partners. This phenomenographic study examines how a diverse group of teachers, researchers and administrators at one New Zealand university conceptualised their involvement in community-engaged learning and teaching. We identified an outcome space where university people conceived their community engagement in three ways: within an expert/novice discourse, as advocacy, and in the most complex conception, as reciprocal learning. When working with and within communities, we suggest that university people should be supported to approach community engagement as reciprocal learning rather than adopting approaches that render community partners in passive roles.


racism, pacifism, propaganda, and public-opinion polls—largely ignores the political factors—strategy, diplomacy, and executive decisions—which were as important, if not more, in determining the shape of affairs. If war cannot be explained in terms of the common man, neither can depression. On the face of it Wecter does not make the attempt. None the less he leans to the explanation widely popular in the thirties. I write "leans," for the chapter is confusing because of its omissions as well as its inclusions, its inability to distinguish fundamental causes from secondary ones or even from mere symptoms, and its vacillations. At first I thought the whole theory of the business cycle was on its way out of the window. The cycles were a "mystery." "Whether they were ruled by overproduction or underproduction, banking operations, innovations in method, hysterias of hope or panic, or perhaps sun spots, was not clear." Certainly this is a defensible position. On a second look, however, Wecter abandons his iconoclasm, lets portions of business-cycle theory in at the back door, and invites in other guests—all without any perceptible diminution of the mystery. Compare "The overexpansion of credit was a prime cause of the disasters that followed 1929" (p. 6) with the "domestic debacle . . . . stemmed from many causes but perhaps the most basic was selfish blindness to the bond between group welfare and the satisfactions of the individual" (p. 24). Although he uses neither "basic" nor "prime" in this connection and is prudent in the use of qualifying adverbs, the weight of the narrative emphasizes the theory that the depression was due to the unequal distribution of wealth and a consequent deficiency in popular purchasing power. It would have been better during the twenties, a period of unsound prosperity, to have lowered prices, except those for a depressed agriculture, and have raised wages even more than they were. The deficiencies, incompatibilities, and implausibilities of this diagnosis and prescription are understandable as a reflection of popular thinking. In this chapter they are not presented as such.


[Objective] The light intensity affecting the Anoectochilus growth during the process of its domestication was studied.[Method] The Anoectochilus seedlings were cultured in the conditions of the light intensity of 20,50,100,150 and 200 μmol/(m2·s),the photoperiod of 16 hours/day and the temperature of(25±2) ℃.The time of the domestication training was three months.[Result] The results showed that under the condition of the light intensity of 50 μmol/(m2·s),the fresh weight and dry weight of plant reached the highest value and also the net photosynthetic rate was the highest one.Strong light intensity could reduce the chlorophyll content and PS Ⅱ maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm) was reduced as the light intensity was increased.[Conclusion] The strong light intensity induced the light-inhibiting to Anoectochilus leading to slow growth.50 μmol/(m2·s) was the best light intensity for the domestication of Anoectochilus.


Academician D. S. Likhachev's foreword is a rare and deserved tribute to a work of meticulous and painstaking scholarship. Only the specialist will read this book from cover to cover, but everyone interested in Muscovite cultural history should be aware of its contribution. Daniel Waugh has analyzed a category of turcica widespread in seventeenthcentury and early eighteenth-century Russia—the apocryphal letters of the Ottoman sultan to various Christian sovereigns. Waugh has examined the Muscovite manuscript tradition against West European prototypes. Particular attention has been given to each text's "convoy" (the other texts found in the same manuscript), to the general categories of apocryphal correspondence and turcica in Muscovy, and to the historical setting in order to establish the circumstances and climate in which the letters appeared. We are also given the full text of representative letters and richly detailed descriptions of the Russian manuscripts consulted. As the author is the first to say, further research will no doubt uncover new manuscripts and refine some problems of dating and textual relationships, but his main points will surely stand. The Muscovite variants of the correspondence are faithful translations of European originals. They are an example of the genre of "documentary belles-lettres" (fictional works presented as historical reality) that originated in the latter part of the sixteenth century. The diplomatic chancellery in particular and the prikaz milieu in general played the key role in the transmission oi the correspondence. We still tend to underestimate how much the Muscovite elite knew about the West and how willing it was to absorb Western influence and break with its own cultural traditions.


Abstract Körner's recent paper provided an excellent initial discussion of the term 'limitation' in ecology. I accept most of his arguments but would argue that there are some circumstances in applied ecology where the concept of limitation can be useful; these are (1) where there is a deficiency of a factor that prevents growth, and (2) where there is a need to manage an ecosystem so that a limitation is enforced.


An intelligent helmet for downwell use of coal mine is composed of a helmet body and an intelligent waistband box. The helmet body is provided with the following components: a mine lamp, a multiple-sensor probe, a mining camera and a liquid crystal display screen. The intelligent waistband box is internally provided with a mine lamp power source unit and an intelligent helmet information unit. The intelligent helmet information unit is composed of the following components: a field data acquisition module, a data processing monitoring module, a wireless communication module and a power supply module. Furthermore the intelligent helmet information unit is connected with the multiple-sensor probe, the mining camera and the liquid crystal display screen on the helmet body, thereby acquiring gas concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, dust concentration, temperature, humidity and video signals in real time, performing field display, alarm and storage. Furthermore the processed data can be transmitted to a downwell communication sub-station through the wireless communication module through an RFID mode or Bluetooth mode. Simultaneously personnel positioning can be realized through utilizing RSSI function which is possessed by a radio frequency chip of the wireless communication module. The intelligent helmet of the utility model can be used for downwell use of the coal mine, thereby realizing ambient perception for downwell operation environment and inspection for production blind area, and effectively ensuring safe production of the coal mine.


This paper studies various periodic orbits and their stability in dynamic binary neural networks. The networks are characterized by the signum activation function and binary connection parameters. The dynamics is simplified into a digital return map on a set of lattice points. In order to grasp the dynamics, we present a feature plane of two simple feature quantities. Calculating the feature quantities for a simple class of 2-layer networks, it is shown that the network can generate a variety of periodic orbits. In order to construct 3-layer networks, we present a blendingmethod: we preparemany 2-layer networks that have the same desired periodic orbit, blend two of the networks, and construct 3-layer networks. In the 3-layer network, stability of the desired orbit can be reinforced. Performing numerical experiments for several data sets of networks, the efficiency of the blending method is confirmed.


This research demonstrates a p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor with beta-Ga2O3 back barrier and investigates the electric characteristics of the device. The simulated results show that the threshold voltage of the device will increase with the use of the Ga2O3 back barrier. Moreover, the off-state leakage current level is one order of magnitude lower than the device without back barrier, which can be attributed to the rise of the conduction band diagram in the buffer layer and the decrease of the electron current density released by ionized accept traps. In addition, the impacts of the beta-Ga2O3 back barrier thickness are investigated, and the results show that with increasing Ga2O3 thicknesses, the threshold voltage of the device decreases while the leakage current of the device increases.


The crises of the Canarian agricultural cooperatives have been cyclical, coinciding with periods of general economic recession, but they had never previously reached the magnitude of that of 2008. Given the effective economic, social, and territorial importance of this type of entity for the future of the local primary sector, this article aims to understand how the current situation has been reached. Cooperatives, being part of the social economy, are an instrument that can promote rural development, and in this sense they are necessary. The question is who manages them economically, socially, and politically. We propose that the cooperatives have been co-opted by an alliance of large rentier owners and large companies who market agricultural exports and sell to the regional internal market. In this process, small family farms play a subordinate role within Canarian cooperatives, and this distorts the very objectives of this associative system. The consequence is a reduction of the cooperative fabric due to a loss of members and the closure of the cooperatives, at the same time as numerous family farms go bankrupt and disappear.


Theoretical and experimental investigations were made of the feasibility of controlling the amplitude and frequency characteristics of a YAG:Nd3+ ring laser by self-diffraction of opposite (counterpropagating) light waves on gratings of the absorption coefficient and refractive index induced in nonlinear absorbers. These absorbers were unpumped YAG:N3+ crystals or crystals of LiF containing F2− centers. It was established that in the absence of an offset between the centers of the gain and absorption lines the competition between the opposite waves in the ring laser was reduced. In the presence of an offset an amplitude nonreciprocity was observed and it was proportional to the difference between the frequencies of the opposite waves. However, when fast-response nonlinear absorbers were used, suppression of one of the opposite waves could be weak even in the case of a large offset. The distortions of the amplitude and frequency characteristics of a rotating ring laser were shown to be small in the presence of nonlinear absorbers with a short relaxation time and a low initial absorption coefficient.


The experiments described in the previous presentation allow the generation of contour plots of the pressure field within the sediment for different types of sending transducers at several grazing angles (defined here as the angle between the interface and central axis of the sender). These contour plots are compared with theoretical predictions calculated using the SAFARI model [H. Schmidt and F. B. Jensen, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 813–825 (1985)]. Results indicate that the shear degree of freedom in the sediment is unimportant under the conditions of the experiment. Agreement between SAFARI and experimental pressure field contours is good for all senders used in the experiment. This suggests that nonlinear effects due to parametric array truncation were not readily apparent in the contour plots. Based on the experimentally determined in‐sediment direction of propagation, the presence or absence of beam displacement for each type of acoustic source will be discussed.


An electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure based quad-band antenna for automotive applications is designed, simulated and measured in this paper. The EBG acting as a high impedance surface (HIS) is a novel dual band structure, constructed on 1.6mm thick FR-4 (εr=4.4) board, with the reflection phase and surface wave bandgaps in the 2.7 GHz and 5.9 GHz ranges. The simulated reflection phase bandwidths are 4.5% and 5% for the first and the second band respectively. The measured surface wave bandgaps are 11% and 7.5% for the first and the second band respectively. The novel EBG has more band flexibility in comparison with the conventional double square patch EBG. A wideband printed circular disc monopole antenna uses this novel EBG as a HIS resulting in a low profile quad-band antenna system with a height of 6.2mm. The frequency bands covered are UMTS (1.925–2.175 GHz), WLAN (2.4–2.485 GHz and 5.15–5.825 GHz) and V2X (5.76–5.84 GHz) using a −10dB reflection coefficient criteria. It is demonstrated that the boresight gain increases by 0.6 to 8.6 dBi when the EBG is used as a ground plane for the antenna.


Crowdsensing is a powerful approach to collaboratively build representations of specific aspects of reality which are of great interest for people with special needs. In this paper, we present an evolution of the classical, vertical approach to detect urban barriers and other features to later exploit this knowledge in accessible route planning. By exposing every single part of the process as a microservice, we achieve the ability to develop novel applications as orchestration of available components. Moreover, in the resulting platform, we leverage the possibility to share data between different applications in a controlled environment.


Ambitious plans to turn Grenoble into a European capital for micro- and nanotechnology research were given the green light last month. The French atomic-energy commission (CEA) and Grenoble's local authorities plan to build a new FFr 850m (about £82m) research "pole" that will act as an incubator for high-tech start-up companies. The new facilities, which will allow businesses to carry out joint research projects on a single site, will be complete by 2005. They will include some 60000 m2 of new labs and office space for over 3500 researchers, industrialists and students.


Myxococcus xanthus provides an excellent model organism for studying the mechanism of multicellular morphogenesis. The mRNA for FruA, a transcription factor essential for the development of M. xanthus, contains a very long 5′-UTR consisting of 235 nucleotides. Using lacZ as a reporter gene, two fruA-lacZ translational fusions retaining or lacking the fruA 5′-UTR were constructed and separately integrated at phage Mx8 attachment site (attB) in M. xanthus chromosome. Deletion in 5′-UTR between nucleotides from +4 to +220 abolished fruA-lacZ expression during development, indicating that the 5′-UTR is essential for the induction of fruA. Prediction of the RNA secondary structure of 5′-UTR shows that this region could form an extremely stable three-helix junction structure, which might be a binding site for a regulatory protein or contain a cis-acting element(s) to control fruA expression. Thus, the 5′-UTR of fruA mRNA positively regulates the expression of its own gene.


The Saturnian moon Enceladus is one of the most geologically active bodies in the solar system. Ridged terrains dominated by intense tectonism are observed on both hemispheres while plume jets emanating from geological surface cracks are con?ned to the South Polar Terrain, thereby suggesting lateral heterogeneity of the satellite's internal structure. While the latter is not directly accessible, thermodynamic modeling provides important insights on its composition and physical properties. This study aims at building a consistent thermal model of the ice-ocean system to derive the layering of the ice shell and its lateral variations. Comparison with current ice shell thickness estimations and key observables such as mean density, moment of inertia factor or heat flux allows to further constrain the satellite's core density. We start from building internal structural reference models composed of four spherically symmetric homogeneous layers: a core, a salty liquid water layer, a lower warm ductile ice layer and an upper cold brittle ice layer. Since the total ice shell thickness is small compared to the satellite's mean radius (less than 10%), we apply and validate the thin shell approximation. It allows us to further compute a three dimensional thermodynamic model of the ice-ocean system accounting for the dissipation of tidal energy induced by diurnal tides. We show that the higher the core density, the thinner the ice shell to keep the salty ocean density within a realistic range (typically below 1250 kg m-3). We show that tidal dissipation solely occurs within the viscous ductile ice layer, and increases towards the poles. The resulting tidal polar surface heat flow is roughly ?ve times higher compared to the equatorial one. We finally propose a method to derive lateral variations of the brittle-to-ductile boundary that is consistent with the computed temperature distribution. Comparison with output power measurements and current estimations of lateral variations of the ice shell thickness allows us to constrain the core density around 3000 kg m-3, corresponding to a partly de-hydrated core.


We have followed by AFM and STM the epitaxial growth of InAs on GaAs(001) and Ge on Si(111) starting from the initial formation of a strained two-dimensional wetting layer up to the self-assembled nucleation and growth of 3D nanoparticles. In the work we underline many aspects of the morphology of both systems which substantiate the role either of kinetics or thermodynamics in the process of growth. Issues as composition and ordering of the wetting layer and substrate, size and faceting of the dots, strain relaxation by coherent and/or dislocated islands are also investigated.


OBJECTIVE
To perform early detection of visual impairment in schoolchildren and to investigate its association with academic performance.

METHODS
Cross-sectional study using a sample of third-grade students from public elementary schools of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Students performed the visual acuity (VA) test using the Snellen chart. We also analyzed school records and administered a previously validated self-administered questionnaire. We considered that there was low VA when the VA value achieved using the chart was lower than or equal to 0.7, while poor academic performance was identified when the average grades of the last school year did not reach 60 points.

RESULTS
We analyzed 222 students from five public schools. In terms of visual acuity, 31% of the students had impaired VA in the right eye and 29.8% of the students had impaired VA in the left eye. Our sample had 15.5% of students with fair or poor academic performance. Among the students with normal VA, 89.5% had satisfactory academic performance, while among those with impaired VA, only 75% achieved satisfactory performance (p = 0.015).

CONCLUSION
The present study suggests that there is an association between low VA and poor academic performance in the sample assessed.


In recent years CFD on massively parallel machines has become a reality. This paper summarizes some recent trends both in high performance computing, and in CFD using parallel machines. The long term computational requirements for accomplishing some of the large scale problems in computational aerosciences, and current hardware and architecture trends are discussed. Performance results obtained from the implementation of some CFD applications on the Connection Machine CM-2 and the Intel iPSC/860 at NASA Ames Research Center are presented. It is argued that only massively parallel machines will be able to meet these grand challenge requirements.


This paper discusses the process of compositing historical and modern photographs of an urban landscape into a novel view depicting structures from both time periods. Issues unique to this application of image compositing are addressed using techniques inspired by recent work in data-driven methods, and the use of these methods is demonstrated on an example scene. Finally, extensions of these techniques to other forms of historical photographs are discussed and potential areas of further investigation are identified.


The problem of the scattering of composite objects by each other is analyzed in the Glauber approximation. A formal solution is obtained in the form of an expansion in powers of the density. The first term of this expansion, corresponding to summation of the diagrams without loops, leads to the formula of the optical approximation (a formula obtained previously by summation of a narrower class of diagrams). At real nuclear densities all terms of the series are important, and the convergence of the series requires further analysis. It is noted that the problem considered is equivalent to the problem of calculation of the partition function of a mixture of two two-dimensional liquids with nondiagonal interaction. The phase transition undergone by this system at large densities confirms the conclusion that the virial expansion is not applicable at nuclear densities.


Objective:To construct pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2.0 eukaryotic expression vector harboring 2 copies of hepatitis B virus(HBV) genomic DNA and enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) gene and investgate the co-expression in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The eukaryotic expression vector pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2.0 was constructed based on plasmids of pBR322-HBVadr2.0 harboring 2 copies of HBV genomic DNA and vector pCX-EGFP containing CMV-IE enhancer,chicken β-action promoter and EGFP by recombination DNA technique.The HBV genomic DNA and EGFP gene expressing in transfected L02 cell line in vitro and hydrodynamic injected mouse in vivo were studied.Results:The eukaryotic expression vector pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2.0 was constructed,and could expressed in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion:The HBV eukaryotic expression vector carrying EGFP reporter gene to generate transgenic mice was constructed.It should be practicable and effective in breeding and estimation by using HBV transgenic mice with the EGFP.


Background: Ivosidenib (IVO) and enasidenib (ENA) are oral inhibitors of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) and mutant IDH2 (mIDH2), respectively, FDA-approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory IDH-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we report updated response and survival results from a phase 1 study of these agents when combined with intensive chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed m IDH1/2 AML.
 Methods: The design of this open-label, multicenter, phase 1 study (NCT02632708) has been previously described. Briefly, eligible patients with newly diagnosed m IDH1 or m IDH2 AML were treated with induction therapy (daunorubicin 60 mg/m 2/day or idarubicin 12 mg/m 2/day × 3 days with cytarabine 200 mg/m 2/day × 7 days) in combination with either IVO 500 mg once daily (for m IDH1) or ENA 100 mg once daily (for m IDH2). After induction, patients received up to 4 cycles of consolidation therapy while continuing the mIDH inhibitor. Patients who completed or were ineligible for consolidation continued on maintenance IVO or ENA until the end of the study. IDH mutation clearance and measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity were assessed using BEAMing digital PCR and multiparameter flow cytometry (Stein et al. Blood 2021).
 Results: As of 16-Jan-2020, 153 patients had been treated: 60 in the IVO cohort (median age 62.5 years, range 24-76) and 93 in the ENA cohort (median age 63.0 years, range 27-77); 2 patients assigned to start ENA on Day 8 had an ongoing adverse event or died on Day 8, and therefore never received ENA and were not included in the efficacy analysis. Secondary AML (sAML; arising after an antecedent hematologic disorder, or after exposure to genotoxic injury) was present in 18/60 (30.0%) IVO-treated patients and in 35/93 (37.6%) ENA-treated patients. In patients with sAML, 4 (22.2%) and 17 (48.6%) IVO-treated and ENA-treated patients, respectively, had previously received a hypomethylating agent. IVO or ENA combined with induction and consolidation were well tolerated (Stein et al . Blood 2021). Among the 60 IVO-treated patients, a response of complete remission (CR), CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), or CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) was achieved in 37/42 (88.1%) patients with de novo AML and in 10/18 (55.6%) patients with sAML. Among the 91 ENA-treated patients, a response of CR, CRi, or CRp was achieved in 45/56 (80.4%) patients with de novo AML and in 22/35 (62.9%) patients with sAML. Best overall response is reported in Table 1. Patients achieving CR, CRi, or CRp who had available samples were analyzed for IDH mutation clearance and MRD negativity. In those treated with IVO, the IDH1 mutation was cleared in 16/41 (39.0%) patients, and 16/20 (80.0%) were considered MRD negative. In those treated with ENA, the IDH2 mutation was cleared in 15/64 (23.4%) patients, and 10/16 (62.5%) were MRD negative (Stein et al . Blood 2021). Thirty-five (58.3%) IVO-treated patients received ≥1 cycle of consolidation therapy, 18 (30.0%) patients received maintenance after consolidation, 1 (1.7%) patient received maintenance after induction, and 29 (48.3%) patients proceeded to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Forty-six (49.5%) ENA-treated patients received ≥1 cycle of consolidation therapy, 17 (18.3%) patients received maintenance after consolidation, 7 (7.5%) patients entered maintenance without consolidation, and 43 (46.2%) patients proceeded to HSCT.
 Median durations of follow-up were 21.2 and 23.7 months for IVO and ENA, respectively. For patients who entered maintenance, median duration of active maintenance was 13.8 and 11.0 months for IVO and ENA, respectively. Of patients who achieved CR, 7/42 (16.7%) of those treated with IVO and 7/51 (13.7%) of those treated with ENA experienced relapse or death. Overall survival is reported in Figure 1. Updated data from July 2021 will be presented.
 Conclusion: IVO or ENA in combination with induction and consolidation therapy have shown acceptable safety profiles, with ≥80% CR+CRi/CRp remission rates in patients with m IDH de novo AML. With over 21 months of follow-up, overall survival rates were high, with 12-month survival probabilities of >75% for both the IVO- and ENA-treated patients. The clinical benefit of adding IVO or ENA to induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy for patients with newly diagnosed m IDH AML is being further evaluated in the ongoing HOVON150AML randomized phase 3 trial (NCT03839771).
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Stein: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Foghorn Therapeutics: Consultancy; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Syndax Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Syros Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy; Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy; PinotBio: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy. DiNardo: Takeda: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Agios/Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Foghorn: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene, a Bristol Myers Squibb company: Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; ImmuneOnc: Honoraria, Research Funding; Notable Labs: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forma: Honoraria, Research Funding. Fathi: Kite: Consultancy, Honoraria; Foghorn: Consultancy, Honoraria; Kura: Consultancy, Honoraria; Trillium: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Blueprint: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Morphosys: Consultancy, Honoraria; Ipsen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Mims: Syndax Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Kura Oncology: Consultancy; Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Aptevo: Research Funding; Glycomemetics: Research Funding; Xencor: Research Funding; Daiichi-Saynko: Consultancy. Savona: Karyopharm: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Geron: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CTI: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS-Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; NOVARTIS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Ryvu: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sierra Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Taiho: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; ALX Oncology: Research Funding; Astex: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding. Stein: Amgen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Stemline: Speakers Bureau. Stone: Boston Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Elevate Bio: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BerGen Bio: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Innate: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onconova: Consultancy; Syndax: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Syntrix/ACI: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Syros: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Foghorn Therapeutics: Consultancy; Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Consultancy; Arog: Consultancy, Research Funding; Gemoab: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; Aprea: Consultancy; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Actinium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Macrogenics: Consultancy. Winer: Abbvie: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Döhner: AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astex: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Berlin-Chemie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Ulm University Hospital: Current Employment; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; GEMoaB: Consultancy, Honoraria; Helsinn: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Oxford Biomedicals: Consultancy, Honoraria. Pollyea: Syndax: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria; Foghorn: Honoraria; Kiadis: Honoraria; Syros: Consultancy, Honoraria;


The aim of this study is to report the development, formulation and evaluation of thermo responsive in-situ gelling drug delivery system of Levofloxacin hemihydarte and its inference for the treatment of periodontal disease. A local controlled release system for direct placement of drug into the periodontal pocket without incision is developed using various


Evaluation of: Batty KT, Salman S, Moore BR et al. Artemisinin–naphthoquine combination therapy for uncomplicated pediatric malaria: a pharmacokinetic study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56(5), 2472–2484 (2012). Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have been adopted as the first line of treatment against malaria in nearly all malaria-endemic countries, mainly as a result of Plasmodium falciparum infection, as this species of malaria parasite has developed resistance to most of the available non-artemisinin antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin–naphthoquine (ART–NQ, also named as ARCO™; Kunming Pharmaceuticals, Kunming, China) is one of the several currently available ACTs that show a promising approach to dealing with drug-resistant malaria rather than monotherapies. Unlike other ACTs, ART–NQ requires either a single-dose treatment or a two-dose treatment within 24 h against uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria; however, this was mainly validated in adults rather than children. Batty et al. performed the first pharmacokinetic study of ART–NQ combination therapy for uncomplicated pediatric malaria, and the authors' results are described and discussed below.


The temporal organization of lip and jaw movements was investigated for one subject, producing six pseudowords. The words, produced at two speech rates, normal and fast, were: /pipi/, /papa/, /pupu/, /bibi/, /baba/, /bubu/. Movement data from the upper and lower lips, and the jaw were obtained via an optoelectronic tracking device, together with an audio recording. Based on articulatory and acoustic events in the velocity and audio signals, respectively, four cycles were identified in the movement of each articulator, and two cycles in the acoustic waveform. The movement cycles are: (1) maximum vocalic velocity; (2) vocalic cycle onset; (3) maximum consonantal velocity; and (4) consonantal cycle onset. Velocity cycles were determined, as the interval between successive positive or negative peaks associated with the raising or lowering gesture in the production of either a vowel or a consonant. Onset cycles were defined as the recurrence of zero‐crossings on velocity traces, reflecting the onset of a lower...


Practice is the only criterion for the test of truths including scientific truths. Judging truths depends on the principles of logic, experience, and aesthetics. The aesthetic principles of sci-tech journals are as follows: novel, simplicity, harmony, and unity. Scientific editors should have a training in aesthetics, including specialty knowledge, extensive interest, editorial experience, etc.


continuities in the line which leads from Edwards to Emerson.) Some authors escape these difficulties by presenting a straightforward historical and critical survey of a particular art, as Edwin M. Good does with music, or by an attempt to utilize a typology of biblical forms which includes but does not restrict itself to Puritan-inspired genres, as in the case of Rowland A. Sherrill's extremely stimulating and broadly inclusive essay on the fiction of the present century. The concluding essay by Sacvan Bercovitch is a brilliant set-piece which itself has the ring of the jeremiad in its grand critique of perverted American biblicism. In spite of some caveats generated by perhaps an overly long shadow cast by Perry Miller on these essays, they together constitute a very fine contribution to a bridging of the gap between the study of American religion and American studies.


Studied the influence of feedback on the attending processes. Ss were 36 16-31 yr old male candidates for the air service. The effects of the feedback were varying length of the reaction time (RT), the "contingent negative variation" (CNV), and the variation in heart frequency. The CNV, measured by EEG, indicated the reaction during the preparatory interval between the warning signal and the reaction signal or button-pressing. The CNV was characterized by the rapid ascent of the EEG during the preparatory interval and a rapid reduction succeeding the reaction signal. A strong deceleration in heart frequency was associated with a strong CNV amplitude and a short RT. The conditions were no feedback, random feedback, and constant feedback. With random or constant feedback the CNV rose but fell with no feedback. Results indicate no difference between the average CNV amplitude of 2 groups of quick or slow reactors. Different effects of the feedback conditions on the amplitude of the CNV were found for the varying lengths of the preparatory interval. Also the length of the preparatory interval influenced the contour of the CNV. (English summary) (27 ref)


There are numerous factors which influence the quality of pork meat (genetic basis, rearing conditions, preslaughter procedures, carcass treatment, cooling). It is understandable that nutrition is one of the major factors which influence the quantity and quality of meat. Main objective of proper nutrition is the best utilization of the genetic potential of pigs, and obtaining of meat which will satisfy the consumer or be used as raw material in manufacturing of meat products. Quality of pig meat is most often associated with pH value, colour succulence, tenderness, content of intramuscular fat (marbling), sustainability and, in general, acceptability by consumers. In this paper, the effect of certain modifications in pig nutrition on post mortal changes, selected technological properties of meat (pH value, water binding capacity, and colour), content of intramuscular fat, quality of fat and acceptability of meat is presented.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) is one kind of persistent organic pollutants in environment,some previous researches have indicated plant could facilitate the dissipation of PAHs in contaminated soil.Phytoremediation is an important measure to remove organic pollutants from contaminated soil,and the root secretion of plant is considered to be closely related to the mechanisms of phytoremediation to organic pollutants.It is in favor of revealing the mechanisms of remediation by studying the characteristics of root exudates of plant with phytoremediation potential under the stress of pollutant.In the present research,pyrene and ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) which has been testified to be tolerant to PAHs dtress were selected as studied objects.A solution culture experiment with series of pyrene concentration was conducted to investigate the effects of pyrene on low molecule weight organic compounds in the root exudates of ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.).The series concentration of pyrene in culture solution were designed as 0 mg/L,3 mg/L,6 mg/L and 9 mg/L.The results showed that,ryegrass had stronger tolerance to pyrene stress and grew well in culture solution spiked with 9 mg/L pyrene.Despite the biomass raised appreciably at relative low pyrene concentrations treatment(3 mg/L) and reduced at relative high pyrene concentrations treatments(3 mg/L),no significant changes of ryegrass biomass were found in all pyrene stress treatment(P0.05).At the pyrene spiked levels of 3 mg/L,6 mg/L and 9 mg/L pyrene stress,the organic acids,including oxlic acid,lactic acid and malic acid,were found in the root exudates of ryegrass,such component of organic acid in root exudates of ryegrass was stabilization in all pyrene stress treatment,but oxlic acid was the main composition of organic acid in root exudates of ryegrass,with a percentage greater than 97%,and its content increased significantly with the increase of pyrene spiked level(P0.05).Compared with control treatment(0 mg/L),oxlic acid content in root exudates of ryegrass increased from 24.6 mg/kg to 53.7 mg/kg in 9 mg/L pyrene treatment.The content of carbohydrate in root exudates of ryegrass raised appreciably at relative low pyrene spiked level(3 mg/L) and reduced at relative high pyrene spiked level(3 mg/L),the highest carbohydrate content in root exudates took on 3 mg/L pyrene treatment,but the differences of carbohydrate content in root exudates were insignificant in all pyrene treatments(P0.05).Total amount of amino acids secreted increased significantly with the pyrene concentration increase,which were 1.37,2.02 and 2.65 times than that of control treatment(0 mg/L) under 3 mg/L,6 mg/L and 9 mg/L pyrene treatment,respectively.Data also indicated that 19 types of familiar amino acids were found in root exudates of ryegrass and the component of amino acids in root exudates of ryegrass was stabilization under all pyrene stress treatments,but the each content of 19 types of amino acids examined was different in those root exudates under the stress of different pyrene concentration.The contents of all amino acid in those root exudates was increased with the pyrene concentration increase,especially,the contents secreted of threonine,serine,proline,glycine,alanine,histidine and ornithine increased significantly among 19 types of amino acids and the differences were significantly among different treatments with different pyrene concentration(P0.05).


The aim of present research is to study efficiency and effectiveness of application of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) in the quality of learning biology by pre-university students. Done in the city of Eslamabad-e Gharb in 2011, this is a semi-experimental research. Statistical population included all 595 pre-university students. Study sample was modified into 50 persons by using randomized sampling method. Initially, the group was tested by 2 repeat test stages , the 1sf one was taken place 15 days after initial performance and the 2nd one 30 days after that. In order to apply ICT to teaching process, 10 5people classes equipped with computers were provided for each 5 of who has connected to each other as well as to respective teacher via network. Classes were controlled by using Net-matter of biology were delivered by using 3 methods of electronic subject-matter, which was prepared in advance by respective teacher and with Power Point software based on Ganiehs design model, of Internet applications, and of educational software usage , Raw data obtained was analyzed by SPSS software and t-test performed on 2 independent groups was the statistical technique used , which confirmed the results relating effectiveness of application of ICT in deep, effective, extensive , and sustainable learning . Kegwords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Learning quality , Biology.


In this paper, I accept Whetten's (2009) view that it is necessary to investigate Chinese management in a way that takes account of its context in order to assess the extent to which its features are context-specific or context-bounded. The first requirement, therefore, is to develop a way of conceptualising and measuring that context. A framework articulating material, ideational and institutional contextual features is offered to that end. Second, I argue that both 'outside in' and 'inside out' approaches to the study of Chinese management require comparison between China and other countries. Even a theory that claims uniqueness for China needs to have that claim tested through external comparison. We, therefore, have to employ a methodology that allows for valid comparisons between context and management in China and other countries. This paper focuses on these two issues of context and methodology with reference to comparative research. It examines them in turn and closes by arguing that the choice Barney and Zhang (2009) pose – between a Chinese theory of management and a theory of Chinese management – needs to be reframed within a more dynamic evolutionary perspective.


access and all-cause mortality: a propensity score analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:477–86. 3. Brown PA, McCormick BB, Knoll G, Su Y, Doucette S, Fergusson D, et al. Complications and catheter survival with prolonged embedding of peritoneal dialysis catheters. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:2299–303. 4. McCormick BB, Brown PA, Knoll G, Yelle JD, Page D, Biyani M, et al. Use of the embedded peritoneal dialysis catheter: experience and results from a North American Center. Kidney Int Suppl 2006; (103):S38–43. 5. Rambausek M, Zeier M, Weinreich T, Ritz E, Rau J, Pomer S. Bowel perforation with unused Tenckhoff catheters. Perit Dial Int 1989; 9:82. 6. Brady HR, Abraham G, Oreopoulos DG, Cardella CJ. Bowel erosion due to dormant peritoneal catheter in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. Perit Dial Int 1988; 8:163–5. doi:10.3747/pdi.2011.00016


Although the growing mandate for higher education creates challenges for students in rural areas, rural high school graduates currently attend college at a rate similar to their peers in other locale types. Prior research has attributed this accomplishment to family, school, and community social capital, yet the processes through which students translate social capital into educational attainment remain unspecified. This study examines how successful rural students access and engage various forms of social capital during the college search and application process. Analysis of semistructured interviews with 30 college graduates from communities throughout one predominantly rural state showed that family social capital provided most students with generalized support, but college-specific guidance tended to correlate with parental education and income. Most students benefited from school social capital, primarily through pro-college climate, peer networks, teachers, guidance counselors, and academic tracking. Students accessed community social capital through supportive youth and adult interactions, extended family ties, and a caring community, but these forms of social capital did not explicitly support the college search process. Although quantitative studies have operationalized family, school, and community social capital as distinct concepts, this study argues that these constructs cannot be disentangled given the interconnectedness of rural families, schools, and communities.


"In this paper the question as to the determinants of the search for self-employment instead of a job in dependent employment is analysed. Among other things it is tested whether in the group of jobseekers, the unemployed are more likely than the economically active or other non-active people to seek work on a self-employed basis and in what way the determinants of the search for a self-employed activity instead of an employed one have developed in the first half of the 1990s. The study is based on the individual data of the microcensuses of 1991, 1993 and 1995 and thus permits representative empirical statements concerning the extent and the socio-economic structure of the potential of people willing to become self-employed. The study shows that the number of people seeking a self-employed activity first fell and then rose again in the period under observation. In 1995 more than 5.3 million people in Germany were seeking a new job, 177,000 or 3% of whom were seeking a self-employed activity. The unemployed make up an increasing share of the number of jobseekers wishing to become self-employed. One result of the econometric analysis is that the socio-economic structure of the people seeking a self-employed activity is in some cases closer to the structure of the self-employed than to that of those in dependent employment. Thus for example more men than women and more master craftsmen than journeymen were seeking a self-employed activity. Furthermore it is not possible to reject the hypothesis that in 1995 there were no longer any differences between the economically active and the unemployed of the same age, gender and vocational training as regards the desire to become self-employed. In contrast, two and four years previously the tendency towards becoming self-employed was clearly lower in the group of unemployed than in the group of the economically active." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))


General Concepts: Updating Flexner: An Expanded Approach to Health and Healing (E.S. Dacher). The New Science of Health (R. Lofaille). Health and HealingDeveloping our Potential (R.N. Turner). Limits of Specialization and Integrated Approaches (H. Pietschmann). The Health Consequences of Competing Conventional and Alternative Definitions of Health (S.J. Fulder). Towards a New Epistemology for Health and Healing (W. Harman, M. Schlitz). The Wounded BodyTowards a Phenomenology of Health and Illness (G. Michel). Food as Medicine for Body and Soul (G. Mitton). Protecting Immunity: The Magic of the Immune System (S. Terayama). Setting up the Immune System: Perinatal Influences (A. Colbin). Discovery of the Human Being's Superstress Adaptation Biological Organ (A.G. Mogilevskii). Sequential Hydrotherapy Improves the Immune Response of Cancer Patients (G. Kuehn). AdaptogensNatural Protectors of the Immune System (B. Tabachnik). Potentiating the Immune System According to the Traditional Chinese Medicine (Y. Morgenstern). MindBody Issues: Nonconventional Cancer Therapies: Criteria for Evaluation and Rationales for ImplementationHelping Patients Decide (S. Silberstein). Coping with Cancer and the Search for Meaning (T. Staps, W. Yang). An Investigation into the Effects of a Counselling and Guided Imagery Programme on the Outcome of People a) with Stable Angina and b) Following Myocardial Infarction (C. Stonier). Reality and Myths about Breast CancerA Personal Journey (G. Sefchovich). Therapeutic Programs: Methionine Enkephalin: A New Cytokine with Antiviral and Antitumor Activities (N.P. Plotnikoff). VG1000A Therapeutic Vaccine for Cancer (H.L. Coutler et al.). Female Related Surgeries Pre and Post Surgical Massage as a Key to Successful Healing (R. Gould). Parasympathic Stimulation (V. Cool). Biological Resonance and the State of the OrganismFunctional Electrodynamical Testing (G. Lednyiczky, J. Nieberl). Apitherapy (Bee Venom Therapy)Literature Review (C.M.H. Kim). Index.


The introduction of rodents on an island as a new predator usually interferes with natural island biodiversity, particularly on islands without any native mammalian predators. Many Alaskan islands, and most islands in the Aleutian Island region of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR), are free of mammalian predators and are vulnerable to invasion by rodents. Rat introduction to islands can put ground-nesting birds, such as seabirds and endemic landbirds, at risk of extirpation. The refuge is also concerned about additional introductions of house mice. As far as we know, the introduction, or "spilling," of rats onto refuge islands from ships and cargo was accidental, but probably preventable. This paper is about preventing new rodent invasions, especially rats, on Alaskan islands from shipwrecks, and using our experience on AMNWR as a basis for recommendations about improvements in the future.


An anonymous identification scheme for ad hoc group allows a participant to identify himself as a member of a group of users in a way that his actual identity is not revealed. We propose a highly efficient construction of this cryptographic primitive in the symmetric key setting based on the idea of program obfuscation. The salient feature of our scheme is that only hash evaluations are needed. Consequently, our scheme outperforms all existing constructions for a reasonably large ad hoc group size (of around 50000 users) since no exponentiation nor pairing operation is involved. Technically, the participant only needs to evaluate one hash operation to identify himself. While the time complexity of the verifier is linearly in the size of the ad hoc group, the actual running time is rather insignificant since the constant factor of this linear dependence is the time of a single hash evaluation. To analyse the security of our proposal, we develop a security model to capture the security requirements of this primitive and prove that our construction satisfies these requirements in the random oracle model against unbounded attackers. Similar to other identification schemes secure in the random oracle model, our proposed protocol requires only two message flow.


Brittle fracture of hull structure causes serious structural, fatal and environmental damage once it happens. However, if by chance a brittle crack initiates, it is extremely important that a backup brittle crack arresting function is provided to arrest its propagation and to ensure structural reliability. The brittle crack arrest concept in addition to brittle crack initiation control makes it possible to achieve "double integrity" by preventing both brittle crack initiation and propagation. Studies on the long crack arrest issue of heavy-thick shipbuilding steels have reported insufficient brittle crack arrestability. Some specially manufactured TMCP steels have sufficient brittle crack arrestability, but the necessary conditions for arresting long brittle cracks have not been reported. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK) organized a research committee composed of Japanese shipbuilding companies and steel manufacturers to conduct a co-research project to establish a brittle crack arrest design concept. Actual-scale model tests using shipbuilding steels were conducted in order to clarify the critical conditions for brittle crack propagation in the project. The required Kca value for the arrest design was proposed based on the test results. This research has been conducted by the research committee of ClassNK, and the results have been summarized and incorporated in their "Guidelines on Brittle Crack Arrest Design."


The purpose of this paper is to present an automation architecture based on intelligent agents. Starting from the functional requirements of a process automation system, a hierarchical automation architecture is formulated in order to down intelligence to inferior levels. This advantage is possible grace to multi-agent systems, which allow the implementation of interoperativity, heterogeneity and complexity due to the requirements of industrial automation. The architecture is composed by a superior layer, and a middleware layer. The superior layer is constituted by two multi-agent systems, which are based on the control and automation functionalities. The middleware layer is designed in order to support superior layer activities and manages the communications from/to field devices. This layer satisfies the FIPA specifications, it also contains two subsystems: one to handle the communications among different sites, and other to give management services of agents. The middleware can support any multiagent system, and has great design versatility.


A process for the preparation of N.O-disubstituted ure thanes. Primary amines and alcohols are reacted with organic compounds having carbonyl groups at 120' to 350° C. Suitable carbonyl-containing compounds in clude N-unsubstituted urethanes. N-mono-substituted, N,N'-disubstituted ureas, or polyureas may be used in combination with the N-unsubstituted urethane. The product urethanes are particularly suitable for the prep aration of isocyanates.


Gazetteers are dictionaries of geographic place-names that have important implications far beyond the worlds of geographers and cartographers. By containing 'definitive' lists of places, gazetteers have the ontological power to define what will and will not be geocoded and represented in databases, maps, search engines, and ultimately our spatial understandings of place. This paper focuses attention on GeoNames, which is the world's largest freely available and widely used gazetteer. We illustrate how content in GeoNames is characterised by highly uneven spatial distributions. There are dense clusters of place-names in some parts of the world and a relative absence of geographic content in others. These patterns are related not just to the wealth and population size of a country, but also to its policies on Internet access and open data. The paper then traces some of the specific implications of this information inequality: showing how biases in gazetteers are propagated in a variety of geographic meaning-making.


Objective To investigate histological changes of cultured cartilages and its influence on tibial growth by allograft into metaphyses. Methods: Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilages of 3 week old rabbits and formed cartilages by cultivation in centrifuge tubes for 2 weeks.Cultured cartilages were allografted into peripheral defects of proximal tibiae of 16 New Zealand rabbits aged 12 weeks, which were 1.5mm below growth plates.Left tibiae remained untreated as control.Histological and radiographic examinations were respectively performed at 6,12 weeks after surgery. Results: At 6 weeks after operation, the growth plates of proximal tibiae became narrower.One thin layer of cartilage or irregular cartilaginous block formed in the tibial metaphysis 6mm below growth plates, which lacked cellular columnar organization of normal growth plate.A great deal of new bone formed, and cortical bone became wide on the graft site.At 12weeks, the growth plates of proximal tibiae were nearly closed and metaphyseal structure was normal without cartilages.There was not developmental difference of tibiae between the bilateral limbs according to radiography. Conclusions: Cultured cartilages may keep their histological nature after allograft into metaphyses, but they lack structural characteristic and growth ability of growth plate.


We derive the effective theories for quantum hall droplets with attractive interaction among the constituent particles. In the absence of confining potentials such droplets are defined by their freely moving interfaces (or boundaries) with the vacuum. We demonstrate the effective theories take forms similar to string theories. Generalization to interfaces between different quantum Hall liquids is discussed.


WT5"BZ]:An analysis of the applicability of overlapping factors methods to the modeling of integrated erbium doped waveguide amplifiers(EDWA's) is used in this paper.Ignoring amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and upconversion process,analytical implicit gain solution of EDWA's pumped at 980 nm wavelength is derived,and a functional expression of intensity distribution of pumping light along the waveguide direction,and analytical threshold expression of pumping power is obtained.Finally,effects of overlap between light(signal and pump) field and erbium concentration profile on the gain and pumping threshold and intensity distribution of pump light at arbitrary point in the EDWA's are discussed in detail. [WT5"HZ]


ABSTRACT A Cartesian grid-based sharp interface method is presented for viscous simulations of shocked particle-laden flows. The moving solid–fluid interfaces are represented using level sets. A moving least-squares reconstruction is developed to apply the no-slip boundary condition at solid–fluid interfaces and to supply viscous stresses to the fluid. The algorithms developed in this paper are benchmarked against similarity solutions for the boundary layer over a fixed flat plate and against numerical solutions for moving interface problems such as shock-induced lift-off of a cylinder in a channel. The framework is extended to 3D and applied to calculate low Reynolds number steady supersonic flow over a sphere. Viscous simulation of the interaction of a particle cloud with an incident planar shock is demonstrated; the average drag on the particles and the vorticity field in the cloud are compared to the inviscid case to elucidate the effects of viscosity on momentum transfer between the particle and fluid phases. The methods developed will be useful for obtaining accurate momentum and heat transfer closure models for macro-scale shocked particulate flow applications such as blast waves and dust explosions.


- The Electric Vehicle (EV) is clean and environmental friendly vehicle. However, its power source, electricity still contains fossils. To reduce the fossil utilization, the authors established the Renewable Energy for Electric Vehicle (RE-EV) project. In this paper, two research topics are studied. One is a study of actual operation data to obtain the potential of the EV with PV electricity. An EV (i-MiEV) manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors Corporation was operated for 1 year. In this project, a charging station consisting of a 2.6 kW Photovoltaic power generation (PV) system with a 9 kWh battery system and measuring equipment was installed in Ookayama campus in Tokyo Institute of Technology. This system maximizes the PV electricity and minimizes grid electricity while charging the EV. Second is a statistical study to estimate CO 2 emissions for various kinds of driving patterns. In this paper, 6 driving patterns from statistical data and 1 actual data were studied by Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to estimate CO 2 emissions. As a result, 80% of charging electricity is from PV from actual operation data. Regarding the LCA, CO 2 emissions of EV with PV electricity are same with utility electricity at short distance driving pattern and much better at long distance driving patterns, even when the system uses lead acid battery. And CO 2 emissions of all EV driving patterns are smaller than those of a gasoline vehicle.


Nocardiosis is a disease found with increasing frequency in both normal and compromised hosts (Curry, 1980). The organism is a gram positive acid-fast bacterium of the genus aerobic Actinomycetacae. Nocardiosis has been described in association with neoplastic disease (Young et al., 1971), heart transplantation (Krick et al., 1975), and renal transplantation as well as in the normal population (Weed et al., 1955; Beaman et al., 1976). When confined to the lungs, with appropriate antibiotic treatment, the survival rate may approach 75% (Palmer et al., 1974). However, when cerebral involvement is present, the prognosis is poor with a mortality rate approaching 87% (Cupp et al., 1960; Hoeprich et al., 1968).


. Molecular cloning methods and strategies which have been employed to reveal the exact nature of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., have been discussed briefly. As in other fish species, the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) of the Atlantic salmon has the typical characteristics of the IgM heavy chain from higher vertebrates. The membrane form of IgH is somewhat special, as the mRNA splicing pattern excludes the fourth constant exon, generating a membrane-anchored IgM one domain shorter than the mammalian counterparts. This splicing pattern has also been reported from cod and catfish, and seems to be general for teleosts. Notably, Atlantic salmon possess two isotypic IgM heavy chain constant region genes. The presence of two closely related IgH genes is in accordance with the quasi-tetraploid state of the Atlantic salmon genome, which means that the entire gene complex is probably duplicated. As deduced from phylogenetically conserved amino acid residues and the pattern of polymorphic residues, MHC antigens from Atlantic salmon seem to parallel those from higher vertebrates. Improvement of disease resistance in aquaculture stocks is discussed in relation to MHC polymorphism.


The authors determined the effects of intravenous infusion and epidural administration of lidocaine on the control of ventilation in two groups of eight healthy unpremedicated subjects. In the intravenous group, an injection of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine was followed by an infusion at a rate of 60 μg.kg-1. min-1 for 30 min. The slope of the ventilatory response to CO2 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) from its control value (2.65 ± 1.22 1. min-1. mmHg-1 [mean ± SD]) at the end of the infusion (58%), while plasma lidocaine level was at 3.14 ± 0.82 μg/ml. The correlation between individual plasma lidocaine levels and the changes in the slope of the ventilatory response to CO2 was significant (r = 0.58, n = 24, P < 0.01). In the epidural group, after the administration of 5 mg/kg of lidocaine, the slope of the ventilatory response to CO2 increased significantly (P < 0.05) from its control value (1.52 ± 0.75 1. min-1. mmHg-1) at 15 (+22%) and 25 min (+42%), while plasma lidocaine levels were at 1.79 ± 0.42 and 2.22 ± 0.47 μg/ml, respectively. In both groups, resting minute ventilation and end-tidal CO2 values remained unchanged. These results suggest that epidural lidocaine has a stimulating effect on the ventilatory control mechanisms that results from the systemic effect of the drug.


This interview took place in several meetings over a period of two weeks in late spring, 2008. Carl Ehmann had spent the past five months working with multiple California community college districts to resolve numerous, and multilevel, shortages in senior leadership positions. Robert A. Frost and Ehmann had come into contact through Frost's doctoral students, several of whom were candidates for leadership positions. At the time, California's budget crisis was looming on the horizon, only adding to the difficulties Ehmann and others had in recruiting for executive positions.


This paper presents new structures and results for the implementation of fixed coefficient filters using residue arithmetic and parallel FIR filters. The enhancements obtained are through the application of the residue number system. Parallel FIR filters offer a means of reducing the computational complexity with varying degrees of tradeoffs in the added latency and complexity reduction. The parallel FIR filters in this paper use efficient Mersenne and Fermat number theoretic transforms to obtain the input for the decimated sub filters. Through utilizing a minimum spanning tree algorithm for modulo multiplication, a very low cost transpose multiplier block is obtainable. This is then used for the implementation of the sub filters that form part of the parallel FIR architecture. The combined benefits result in low complexity architectures using residue arithmetic for large fixed coefficient filters.


The bachelor thesis deals with comparisons of promotion of tourism and culture from structural funds of EU in the time period 2007 – 2013 in the selected EU countries: Slovak republic, Denmark, and Bulgaria. Study of comparisons is divided into 4 investigated areas and those are: objectives of cohesion politics 2007 – 2013, territorial targeting of support (according to NUTS classification), the amount of financial allocation and according to established support groups.


Graphite intercalation compounds based on disordered pyrolytic graphite were studied by acoustic methods. The thermostimulated phase transitions in intercalant layers have been found and investigated by techniques of acoustic emission and ultrasound attenuation


The invention relates to an intelligent transportation anti-collision system and an intelligent transportation anti-collision early warning method. The intelligent transportation anti-collision system solves the technical problem that collision accidents of vehicles in running are not prone to happening and comprises a central processing unit, a man-machine interaction unit, a wireless transceiver, a storage unit, a satellite navigation module and a warning unit. The man-machine interaction unit, the wireless transceiver, the storage unit, the satellite navigation module and the warning unit are respectively connected with the central processing unit. The intelligent transportation anti-collision system is suitable for the technical field of anti-collision safety of traffic vehicles of automobiles, steamships and the like.


To deal with the large error of burst height measurement for novel optional burst height millimeter wave proximity fuses in new-generation long-range projectiles, a ground object recognition strategy based on echo polarization is proposed in this paper. In the height measurement process, there are many factors, including the flight condition of the projectile, tall objects, ground clutter, interference signals, etc. restricting measurement accuracy. Therefore, a novel measurement scheme is urgently needed to enhance the accuracy of height measurements. The method mainly distinguishes the surface and ground objects within the range of the detected beam, under the condition that the detection area has apparent divisions. The polarimetric rotation-invariant parameters are used to analyze the features of ground objects. On the other hand, when the detection area does not have apparent divisions, the polarimetric echo reconstruction technology is used to determine the surface. Simulation experiments show the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method compared with the traditional height measurement system. Even in the presence of extensive interference, the method allows the accurate measurement of the projectile's height above the ground.


Two types of integrated phased locked laser diodes operating at 1.55 μm were demonstrated, using either a distributed feedback laser seeding source or a self-locking multi-mode interference array. Both exhibited far field patterns that reflected mutual coherence between the light from the output waveguides.


"MARRIAGE IS LIKE THE SPHINX-A CONSPICUOUS AND RECOGNIZABLE MONUMENT on the landscape, full of secrets," announces Nancy Cott at the beginning of Public Vows. One approach to understanding American marriage is to try to illuminate the secrets that comprise this most intimate of human relationships-the tender caresses and the petty cruelties that are part of the interpersonal complexities that privately transpire between two spouses.1 Yet, as Cott shows in her study, these "private experiences [are] so precious that they [have] amounted to a public necessity worth fighting for" (188). The chief innovation of these three erudite new studies of American marriage is their resolute emphasis on the double role of marriage as a public monument central to political history. Their collective achievement should more firmly


Within standard quantum field theory of one scalar field we define operators conjugate to the energy-momentum operators of the theory. They are singled out by calculational simplicity in Fock space. In terms of the underlying scalar field they are nonlocal. We establish their algebra where it turns out that time and space operators do not commute. Their transformation properties with respect to the conformal group are derived. Solving their eigenvalue problem permits to reconstruct the Fock space in terms of the eigenstates. It is indicated how Paulis theorem may be circumvented. As an application we form the analogue of S matrices, which yields information on the structure of the underlying space-time. Similarly, we define fields and look at their equations of motion.


South African women and children remain at the centre of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic, and maternal well-being plays a critical role in child health. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the paediatric visit on the determination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility in mothers using Alere Pima™ Analyser (Pima™) testing as an adjunct to routine care. Fifty-two mothers who had failed to obtain routine CD4 screening were enrolled during the paediatric visit at Tygerberg Children's Hospital between November 2011 and May 2012. Clinical staging assessments and parallel standard CD4 cell count testing were performed. Finger-prick samples for the Pima™, and simultaneous venous samples for reference flow cytometry, were obtained. The Pima™ identified 37% of mothers as meeting ART eligibility versus 35% using the reference flow cytometry method. An additional 4% of mothers were identified using World Health Organization clinical staging only. The sensitivity of the Pima™ was 89%, speci...


The distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA type 16/18 in the paraffin sections of 11 adenocarcinomas (AC), 4 adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS), and 2 adenosquamous carcinomas (AC/SCC) of the cervix was examined by in situ hybridization (ISH) with biotinylated DNA probes (B‐probes). Four AC, four AIS, and one AC/SCC were positive. These results show that B‐probes are an acceptable alternative to both ISH with radiolabeled probes and Southern blot hybridization (SBH), which are difficult to apply in routine pathologic laboratories. Cervical tissues infiltrated with endometrial AC were negative for HPV DNA 16/18, and it is suggested that the presence of HPV DNA 16/18 in uterine AC may be helpful in discriminating cervical AC from endometrial AC.