As a science of divinity, theology has a significant role in efforts to form a mindset that will have implications for the religious person's behavior. To establish a mindset, it is necessary theological approaches that serves as a way to give birth to a new theological idea, whether it is traditional thinking, liberal, or modern. As a science of divinity, theology has a significant role in efforts to form a mindset that will have implications for the religious person's behavior. To establish a mindset, it is necessary theological approaches that serves as a way to give birth to a new theological idea, whether it is traditional thinking, liberal, or modern. As a science of divinity, theology has a significant role in efforts to form a pattern thought that would have implications for the religious person's behavior. To establish a mindset, it is necessary theological approaches that serves as a way to give birth to a new theological idea, whether it is traditional thinking, liberal, or modern. Of the various theological approaches exist, normatif theological approach is a theological approach in an effort to understand religion literally. This normatif approach can be interpreted as an attempt to understand religion using the framework of divinity revealed from a belief that empirical manifestation of a religion regarded as the most correct than others. Kata Kunci : Theology and Islamic Studies


Acquiring seismic 3D data in highly populated areas is very difficult. The design of such surveys is usually highly irregular and the processing of these data challenging. The MultiFocusing (MF) imaging technology, which belongs to the group of multi-parameter processing (MPP) methods, does not require a regular acquisition design and is especially suitable for such scenarios. We will illustrate this imaging technology and show MF data regularization results utilizing an irregular 3D dataset acquired in a populated area in the USA. A 3D dataset that was acquired with a highly irregular design over a densely populated area was processed with a conventional processing sequence and with the multi-dimensional MF methodology. The MF data regularization was crucial for this dataset for subsequent prestack time and depth imagining. The first MF dataset had a 110ft x 110ft binning. Further testing showed that a binning of 55ft x 55ft produced the best results for horizon mapping and was used for the final PSTM delivery. For additional attribute work, the 110ft x 110ft binning was more suitable as it showed a higher frequency content.


Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes over 99% of all cervical cancer globally. In 2019; it was responsible for 3,286 deaths in Kenya. Understanding the epidemiological distribution of HPV genotypes by cervical dysplasia and HIV infection is important in designing prevention strategy and management of cervical cancer. Objective To determine HPV genotypes prevalence and their distribution by cervical dysplasia, social-demographic and risk factors associated with cervical cancer among HIV-infected women aged 18–48 years seeking reproductive healthcare in Eastern Kenya. Methods Cervical specimens were obtained for cytology, HPV-genotyping, histology while social-demographic factors were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using Pearson chi-square test. Results 317 womencases: 161(50.8%); control 156(49.2%), mean age: 34.3, range 18–46 years were recruited. Thirteen HPV genotypes associated with cervical dysplasia were: CIN1{cases: HPV81[12(3.8%), HPV11[2(0.6%); control: HPV53 and HPV66[1(0.3%)}, CIN2 {cases: HPV11, HPV16, HPV661(0.3%), HPV816(1.9%) and single case1(0.3%) of HPV9, HPV11, HPV16, HPV44, HPV66, HPV81 HPV88, HPV53 and HPV58; control: HPV81[2(0.6%)} and invasive cancer {cases: HPV16[1(0.3%) and HPV81[3(0.9%); control: HPV16 and HPV66[1(0.3%). Conclusions Cervical dysplasia was associated with more mixed-lr/hrHPV genotypes among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected women. The finding adds to the pool of knowledge the epidemiological data required in determining the population at risk for cervical cancer.


This paper analyzes and discusses the present situation and problems of vocational education for ethnic minorities in China.It shows that the formation of the problems display similarities as well as differences both externally and internally compared with education of the whole country.Generally speaking,the similarities include external ones like educational adaptation to social transition and internal ones like imbalance of integral structure of education.As for differences,the external one is the new requirement for manpower and technology as a result of ethnic industry transition and the internal ones are backward specialty and monotonous form of ethnic vocational education.


The BF3 · Et2O- and the CH3SO3H-catalysed rearrangements of 10 α-vinylcyclobutanones have been examined. With little acid, the β,β-dialkyl derivatives 1 were transformed into linear dienones 2 and 3; with more acid, they were converted into cyclopentenones 4 by Nazarov cyclisation of initially formed 2/3. The β-monoalkyl (including the β,γ-dialkyl) derivatives 7 rearranged only with a high acid concentration to afford the cyclopentenones 8 by 1,2-acyl migration. In the case of 7a, the cyclopentenone 8a was accompanied by the unexpected constitutional isomer 9a, which is explained by a reversible interconversion of the cyclobutanone 7a with its isomer 19via a cyclopropane intermediate like 18. In the case of the β,β-dialkyl derivative 5, which contains an α-isobutenyl (instead of an α-vinyl) group, the acid-catalysed rearrangement product was the bicyclo[3. 1. 0]hexanone derivative 6.


Objectives The objective of this study was to define the care factors that are important to caregivers' satisfaction with pediatric laceration repair and the overall emergency department (ED) experience. Methods This was a cross-sectional observation study performed in an urban tertiary hospital. The caregivers of patients younger than 18 years who presented to the ED for laceration repair completed a survey. Demographic data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the factors related to satisfaction with the laceration repair and the overall ED experience. Results Fifty-five caregivers were enrolled. Most of the children had facial lacerations (n = 44, 80%). The median length of ED stay was 181 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 157–208 minutes). The children's median age was 41.8 months (IQR, 23–91 months); the caregivers' median age was 37 years (IQR, 35–41 years). Most lacerations were repaired by plastic surgeons (81.8%). In the multivariate regression analysis, preparation before the procedure, mid-income family, caring attitude of the nurse, cosmetic outcome, and measures to control the patient's anxiety were significantly related to the caregiver's satisfaction with laceration repair (P < 0.05), whereas preparation before the procedure and ED environment were significantly related to the caregiver's satisfaction with the overall ED experience (P < 0.05). Conclusions Preparation before the procedure was significantly related to the caregiver's satisfaction with both pediatric laceration repair and the overall PED experience. The strongest predictors were cosmetic outcome for laceration repair and preparation for the procedure for the overall PED experience. Our findings suggest that improvements in various aspects will increase parent satisfaction.


Systematic early reduction of two-thirds of the surface of each leaf on the main stem in soya results in (i) a decrease, on the main axis, in the number of leaves formed and the total number of pod...


The identification of key parameters governing reservoir performance is a significant step towards realistic production forecasting. To identify such key parameters, one classical method consists in performing dynamic simulations covering a wide range of reservoir models. In stratigraphically complex reservoirs such as deepwater turbidites, conducting such dynamic simulations and the analysis of their results is an extremely computationally expensive and time consuming effort. Moreover, the interpretation of the results is complicated when some of the parameters are categorical (i.e. parameters that cannot be quantified such as different geological scenarios or well-placement scenarios). The study documented in this report develops a preliminary workflow capable of automatically analyzing a huge number of dynamic simulations in order to understand and estimate how the input parameters, including categorical ones, affect their results. This quantitative analysis can then be used to quickly identify key parameters. The new workflow utilizes a user-friendly PETREL plug-in called METREL, which is developed by the Stanford Center for Reservoir Forecasting. METREL implements the distance kernel method (a flow-based pattern recognition algorithm) that naturally lends itself to the efficient analysis of very large datasets. In this workflow, METREL is used as an exploratory data analyzer to cluster the data based on data similarity. Statistics are derived from the METREL clustered results to estimate the impact of quantitative and categorical parameters. A testing dataset of 72 models is generated by varying three categorical parameters: the well placement, the drive mechanism scenarios, and the reservoir geology. The study demonstrates that METREL can be applied to effectively cluster the model realizations with respect to dynamic responses. The impact of the parameters can be then be inferred from statistical analysis within the clusters. To generate the clusters, three methods are employed and compared: full-physics simulations, reduced order modeling (ROM) simulations and upscaled simulations. In the tested case, the effect of the parameters inferred from the upscaled simulations proved to be the same as the ones derived from the full-physics simulations. This observation allows for a significant reduction in the time required to identify key parameters as the time cost of using upscaled simulations is 1/10 of that using full-physics simulations.


On the basis of the universities' sports associations in Fujian and Taiwan,the author has discussed the present situation of exchange and significance by means of literature consultation,investigation and analysis.Research shows that the universities'sports associations communication in Fujian and Taiwan is conducive to enhance cross-strait interscholastic friendship;Promote the young students' sense of accepting and spreading Chinese traditional culture.But there is much difference on the development of the universities' sports associations in Fujian and Taiwan,which leads to a single and dull exchange program.What's more,only a few schools are willing to join in this activity.By strengthening the development of universities' sports associations in Fujian and Taiwan and using their characterized fashion sports and the traditional sports program can attract the universities' sports organizations in Taiwan.


Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is often diagnosed in the prenatal period by echocardiography, but may not be recognized until after birth. Whether parents are expecting their infant to be admitted to an intensive care unit (leU) immediately following birth, or this occurs after the infant presents with symp toms, this is a very frightening and stressful time for parents. The critical care nurse plays an essential role in providing a safe and supportive environment. Known stressors for parents in an intensive care environment include sights and sounds of the leU, the physical appearance of the child, procedures per formed on the child, staff communication and staff behavior [1]. Organized and systematic preparation for admission of an infant with HLHS helps allevi ate some of these parental stressors [2]. The timing ofthe diagnosis can greatly influence the nursing plan of care. When parents discover that their child has HLHS prior to birth, there is some time for the diagnosis to be absorbed and processed. Families increas ingly are becoming medical "consumers", and may look at several programs and options prior to deciding where to find treatment for their child. Factors families might consider in this process include the distance of the facility from home, surgical outcomes, insurance/cost, arrangements for siblings, where de livery of the baby should take place, supportive services available, living ar rangements if not close to home, and arrangements for transport of the infant following birth. Often, parents have toured the facility prior to birth, have met with the cardiologist and surgeon, and have toured the unit with the nursing staff. These families are very informed about the diagnosis before admission to the leU and usually only need reinforcement of teaching. They have already made the necessary arrangements for admission and are somewhat familiar with the systems the hospital has in place. In contrast, families who learn of the diagnosis after birth are presented with many difficult decisions that need to he made right away. It is quite shock ing and overwhelming to the parents, and structures must be in place in order to help them cope when they arrive. Many times the mother is still recuperat ing in the hospital, leaving the father alone making the difficult decision be


University based construction management programs typically instruct students in the use of Building Information Modeling "BIM." The students' interactions with BIM require them to perform exercises using computer software related to modeling, estimating and scheduling. Most of the students' BIM interactions are confined to software environments and do not make connection with the construction environment. Some students may be more focused on the built environment and may be less comfortable behind the computer. They may not as eagerly adopt BIM or see the benefits of using this tool in the field. To bridge this gap, a program has been developed that combines BIM modeling with advanced robotic surveying equipment and unmanned aerial systems (drones). Auburn University Building Science students complete a project prior to graduation which combines all skills learned throughout the curriculum. Students select different buildings for their project and one requirement is to model the foundation and superstructure of the building from 2d construction drawings. With the 3d model complete, the students learn how to export the necessary data and utilize robotic surveying equipment to outline their foundation in an outdoor grassy area. Photographic data is obtained using a drone, processed, and is then brought back into the BIM model to verify the accuracy of the physical layout. This paper details this program and looks at the software, equipment and techniques used to demonstrate the value of integrating BIM with work performed in the field.


Background Segmentation of computed tomography (CT) is important for many clinical procedures including personalized cardiac ablation for the management of cardiac arrhythmias. While segmentation can be automated by machine learning (ML), it is limited by the need for large, labeled training data that may be difficult to obtain. We set out to combine ML of cardiac CT with domain knowledge, which reduces the need for large training datasets by encoding cardiac geometry, which we then tested in independent datasets and in a prospective study of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Methods We mathematically represented atrial anatomy with simple geometric shapes and derived a model to parse cardiac structures in a small set of N = 6 digital hearts. The model, termed "virtual dissection," was used to train ML to segment cardiac CT in N = 20 patients, then tested in independent datasets and in a prospective study. Results In independent test cohorts (N = 160) from 2 Institutions with different CT scanners, atrial structures were accurately segmented with Dice scores of 96.7% in internal (IQR: 95.3%–97.7%) and 93.5% in external (IQR: 91.9%–94.7%) test data, with good agreement with experts (r = 0.99; p < 0.0001). In a prospective study of 42 patients at ablation, this approach reduced segmentation time by 85% (2.3 ± 0.8 vs. 15.0 ± 6.9 min, p < 0.0001), yet provided similar Dice scores to experts (93.9% (IQR: 93.0%–94.6%) vs. 94.4% (IQR: 92.8%–95.7%), p = NS). Conclusions Encoding cardiac geometry using mathematical models greatly accelerated training of ML to segment CT, reducing the need for large training sets while retaining accuracy in independent test data. Combining ML with domain knowledge may have broad applications.


America and the other developed countries in the game industry have been discussed the regulations of adult games in the view of freedom of expression. However, in Korea, adult games have not been developed because of social moral judgement and regulations for the reason of child protection. Adult games which could contain some sexually-lewd and pornographic contents should be concerned in the sense of adults' right to enjoy and freedom of expression. For that, it is significant to look for directions of improving adult game contents as taking different discourses to protect children from the violent and lewd games in America, analyzing American game history on the view of regulation and expression and comparing achievement of the contemporary game GTA to failure of 3feel and REVERSE-ONLINE. The movement of consultation from the private-self regulations to the government restrictions among the developed game countries shows that it is needed to have comprehensive countermeasures and definite regulation of mature game contents as on the delicate position of selling online games out of the country. Since the adult games are researched and set up with the market-oriented views, it has been insufficient in preventing the reverse function of adult games. The market trend of adult games is important, but it is more valuable to recognize the reverse function of game cultures which have been neglected to increase domestic gamers and pioneering foreign markets. Accordingly, to improve adult game industry, it is needed to make continuous studies about the culture of advanced game countries, share information among the industry-academia and research centers as analyzing game structure and research the institutional and legal regulations and the culture of advanced game countries.


Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which is detected by the transmission from bat to person in Wuhan Province of China, has shown its effect all over the world in a very short time. There is no treatment method proven effective in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics. The whole world is still working on it. Convalescent Plasma (CP) treatment is a passive antibody treatment that has been shown to be effective during periods of epidemic disease in history. CP treatment is interesting in the treatment of virus infection without vaccine or specific treatment, such as SARSCoV-2, which causes COVID-19. The mechanisms of action of CP include neutralizing the virus by direct binding, initiating virus elimination by complement activation, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and / or phagocytosis. Neutralizing antibodies are the most important mechanisms of action. The most important point in recovery is the inactivation of the virus and the prevention of viral replication. It was demonstrated for the first time that CP significantly reduced mortality in COVID-19 disease. Our results of CP treatment in COVID-19 patients have been published. We have shown that CP is effective and safe in COVID-19 disease. We aimed to gather CP experiences up to date in COVID-19. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Annals of Medical of Research is the property of Annals of Medical Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


An innovative yet sustainable approach for industrial deaeration is proposed, with demonstrated results and analyses, to contribute to finding solutions to improve energy efficiency in this field. Vacuum bubbling deaeration, sharing the same working principles of solubility control and the mass diffusion through vapor (or steam) with conventional thermal deaeration processes, works, however, at lower vacuum pressures. It neither resorts to heating nor requires any third-party materials such as membranes or gases, achieving orders of magnitude of reduction in the expected energy consumption in a simple and concrete way. In this study, the mechanisms of vapor bubble generation and retention were discussed by employing a vacuum bubbling model based on the experimental apparatus at Kongju National University, which uses a venturi-nozzle bubbler. The four parameters influencing vapor bubble generation and retention were identified as vessel pressure p1, nozzle depth Δh, nozzle performance p4−p3, and water temperature Tw. A series of deaeration experiments using the present approach for a tap water sample of 360~400 L were conducted under four different conditions to investigate the effects of the water temperature, vessel pressure, and bubbler nozzle depth. Final dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations close to zero could be achieved with a vessel pressure of p1=1 kPa, with different bubbling times to reach a zero mg/L reading of DO concentration (case 2 and 3), which demonstrates the vital roles of the vapor bubble generation condition of (psat−p3)  and retention condition of (p4−psat) in achieving the lowest DO concentration. Analysis of the test results, based on the discrete-bubble model with the measured DO concentrations and degassing rates, showed promising results in reproducing the experimental data. Though the potential of vacuum bubbling deaeration is demonstrated, for the first time, to its full extent, further research efforts are encouraged in many areas, including more case-specific validation test cases with optimum operating conditions along with the study of more detailed modeling for performance prediction, including energy analysis.


〈Haedongakbu〉 of Yu-Won Lee is included in the two books, "Imhapilki" and "Gaogoryak." However, there is difference in the number of works between the two books. The 121 works of "Imhapilki" consist of the 100 works of Haedongakbu of "Gaogoryak", the 16 works of Bojesanak, and the 5 works of Hunminjeongeum. Comparison the introductions of 'Haedongakbu' of "Imhapilki" and "Gaogaryak" showed that Yu-Won Lee wanted to organize the history of music of Haedong. He thought that they can be classified under the single category, 'Haedongakbu' although the three groups of works are different each other in terms of the period and order of creation, and he implemented his thought. Therefore, the number of works of 〈Haedongakbu〉 of Yu-Won Lee should be 121. The existing 'Haedongakbu' was mainly created to describe real events in history. Therefore, the Haedongakbu mainly included historic events, and evaluations about them. However, 〈Haedongakbu〉 of Yu-Won Lee focused on music history. Our 3,000 years music history was organized under the name of 〈Haedongakbu〉 thanks to the effort of Yu-Won Lee. He used four different techniques in order to describe the flow of music history, and they were historical truth, selection, compression, and transformation. Yu-Won Lee, firstly, verified the historical truth on the works by studying domestic and Chinese documents like "Jeungbomunheonbigo", "Haedongyeoksa", and "Donguktonggam" and investigating the mentions of senior scholars. He collected resources that were necessary for the establishment of music history. Secondly, he selected only the necessary resources because the data of 3,000 years tradition was too vast. He selected works that are in line with Confucianism and help to enlighten people. Thirdly, Yu-Won Lee used the technique of compression for simplification if the works had lots of historic records. A work was comprised of a title, an akbusi, and an epilogue, and he simplified all these elements in order to clarify the content of the work. Forth, he used the technique of transformation in order to establish music history. Especially, he changed the contents of music if the music had the contents disadvantage to us. It was a way of showing the tradition and superiority of our music.


Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a specific post-license driver training program on postural stability and vehicle kinematics during cornering. Background: Inertial forces experienced during driving can perturb a driver's posture, which may in turn diminish a driver's perceptual sensitivity and corresponding control actions. Methods: A trainee group (n = 21) and control group (n = 12) participated in the study. The trainee group participated in a 2-day driver training program that included instruction on how to enhance perceptual sensitivity, postural stability, and vehicle kinematics during common driving maneuvers, including cornering. Postural stability and vehicle kinematics were assessed during cornering maneuvers performed on a closed-circuit track using an instrumented vehicle prior to and following training. Results: Trainee drivers experienced enhanced postural stability and reduced the magnitude and onset of peak vehicle lateral accelerations following training. Prior to training, drivers who were more posturally unstable tended to experience higher lateral vehicle accelerations, and drivers with the biggest improvements in postural stability following training tended to experience the greatest reductions in lateral accelerations of the vehicle. Conclusion: Training led to changes in postural stability that were associated with reduced lateral accelerations during cornering. Application: The reduction in lateral accelerations following training in the present study indicates a greater dynamic margin of safety for cornering. Overall findings suggest that the driver training programs produced beneficial effects on cornering kinematics and that these effects were associated with enhanced postural stability.


Conventional treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is based on the daily administration of high doses of immune-suppressant or anti-inflammatory drugs, is very complicated by serious adverse effects. A carrier system that delivers the drug specifically to the inflamed intestinal regions and shows prolonged drug release would be desirable. It may enter any portion of the gastrointestinal tract though it is mostly found in the terminal ileum often with extension into the cecum and sometime into the ascending colon. Half of the cases, multiple areas of both small and large intestine are involved in segmental fashion i.e. lengths of normal intestine separate areas of disease called skip area. Crohn's disease granulomatous colitis. Lesions of the small and large bowels are associated with anal lesions it is the first manifestation of the disease Inflammatory bowel disease is mostly common in western countries and in some areas of northern latitude. Polymeric nanoparticles can increase the permeability of an ulcerative colitis through biological barriers, such as the mucosal barriers, skin barriers and cell membrane barrier. The conventional treatments are mostly restricted to control inflammations. However, the main Aim of clinical ulcerative colitis therapy is to not only to control inflammation, but also to achieve mucosal healing. Therefore, the novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for addressing the limitations of existing treatments will Increase the stability of any of the volatile pharmaceutical agents, easily and also can be cheaply fabricated in large quantities by a multitude of methods. Delivers a higher concentration of pharmaceutical agent to a desired location.


Optimization has become the ultimate objective for designers of distillation control systems. This is as it should be, since optimization promises to adjust the operation of distillation columns for maximum profit, even as the cost of energy and the values of product streams continually vary. In pursuit of this elusive objective, much effort has been focused on developing elaborate computer models of various separations to aid in determining optimum set points. Many of the models are capable of excellent results. However, they are also quite expensive, especially if they are developed by outside sources. Beyond their initial cost, they are difficult and expensive to calibrate and maintain, their assumptions and limitations may not be well-understood by operating personnel, and plant conditions inevitably change. Consequently, all too often, they lose their accuracy and fall into disfavor and disuse. This article describes an algorithm that uses a simple algebraic model to predict optimum composition set points for dual composition control of two-product columns. Although this technique will not equal the accuracy of more elaborate models, it can reliably predict whether an optimum lies within the range of allowable compositions, and whether it is sharp or broad. Where an optimum does exist, roughmore » economic data can give a first approximation of the economic incentive for applying more powerful analysis techniques. An optimum that lies beyond the allowable operating region indicated the need for constraint controls that can maintain the separation at its operating limits.« less


Since September 11, Australia's federal Parliament has enacted a range of exceptional measures aimed at preventing terrorism. These measures include control orders, which were not designed or intended for use outside of the terrorism context. What has followed, however, has been the migration of this measure to new contexts in the states and territories, especially in regard to what some have termed the 'war on bikies'. This has occurred to the point that this measure, once considered extreme, has become accepted as a normal aspect of the criminal justice system, and has in turn given rise to even more stringent legal measures. This article explores the dynamic by which once exceptional measures become normalised and then extended to new extremes. It explores these issues in the context of the role that constitutional values have played in this process.


Viewing the increasing demand of eucalypts planting under various recently developed programmes. This article presents the importance of somatic multiplication through rooting of cuttings in Eucalyptus camaldulensis , enabling the scientists to conserve & multiply the plus phenotypes and varieties developed and the consumer to barvest the best in shortest possible span of time.


The purpose of this study is to acquire various methods for the fashion image coordination and to examine common features of variation of coordination methods according to the trend. It has attained by investigating Men's fashion image coordination through trend analysis in terms of its coordination features and its variety aspects. For this study, it has classified into twelve typical Men's fashion images in collecting 1,291 pieces of photographs on the subject of jackets and pants from Men's fashion collection. The study has examined methods and features of fashion image coordination by year according to design elements and the harmony between items. In addition, it has drawn common factors in the image coordination. The summary and conclusion are as follows. A year of 1995, it has presented as the essential code of the variation that morphologic aspects of a design in the fashion image coordination. Various designs have developed through the variation of shapes such as shoulder width, shoulder pad, jacket width and its length and so on. In the initial stage, the width of shoulder and jacket has fitted into large pattern and then adjusted elegantly to make fit the body that indicates a dissolution according to an avant-garde image. At the time that over-measurement of the shape has reduced and high quality and variation of materials has gradually become significant. Those are often used that high-quality glossy materials or other materials which are opposite to the basic code of the original fashion image materials and qualities regardless of images. On the pattern and color, in addition, have represented neat and elegant impression with moderate applications rather than quantitative abundance that have used opposite elements to the basic code f3r the change code like materials. Furthermore, before and after 1999, ' it shows that a concept of the total coordination has arisen that increased coordination methods to strengthen and affluent its images for the whole with wearing accessaries such as hats, gloves, sunglasses, mufflers, bags, belts and so on.


The current study aims to determine the effect of interest rate risk on financial performance through the banking security degree as a mediating variable. The study population includes 13 Jordanian commercial banks from 2011 to 2018. To achieve the current study objectives, a descriptive and analytical approaches were used. Furthermore, Baron and Kenny's test (1986) were adopted to examine the current study hypotheses. The results found that the banking security degree partially affects the relationship between interest rate risk and financial performance. Accordingly, this study provides a set of recommendations. Among them, we encourage policymakers and bank owners, and managers to develop efficient interest rate risk policies continuously in addition to strengthening the monetary and financial policies of the banking sector. They should strive to achieve a balance between each of the risks of interest rate, performance, and banking security degree.


The 11th International Conference on Vibration Problems (ICOVP-2013) was held in Lisbon, Portugal, between the 9 and 12 September 2013. This conference was jointly organized by the Department of Civil Engineering of the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa (DEC/FCT/UNL) and IDMEC – the Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the Instituto Superior Técnico of the University of Lisbon (IDMEC/IST/ UL). The conference was hosted at the Instituto Superior Técnico and promoted by the International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science and by the Associação Portuguesa de Mecânica Teórica, Aplicada e Computacional. The conference was attended by 400 participants from 50 countries. The largest groups were from Brazil (46), Germany (44) and Portugal (33). As the conference embraced vibration issues in all fields of engineering, several mini-symposia were organized related to rail transportation and related topics, namely:


Based on the test of the action of oblique random waves on vertical breakwaters, the variation of wave force acting on the unit length of vertical breakwaters with an incident angle was studied. The longitudinal distribution of wave force as well as the influence of the length of unit breakwater on the reduction of longitudinal wave force is discussed. The relationship between the longitudinal distribution factor and reduction factor of wave force and the relative length of breakwaters is presented.


Abstract. Base isolation has proven an effective strategy to minimize structural and nonstructural damage, prevent functionality disruption and protect sensitive equipment in buildings even under strong ground motions. However, structural pounding with the surrounding moat wall and/or adjacent buildings may induce local and even severe damages to baseisolated structures. This study utilizes a computational methodology that enables the investigation of poundings in a three-dimensional (3D) domain, while considering the arbitrary location of contact points and the geometry at the vicinity of impact; it aims to investigate the circumstances under which spatial pounding may occur and quantify their effect on the response of the base-isolated structure. Given that the seismic response of base-isolated structures subjected to strong ground motions depends on the excitation characteristics, namely frequency content and horizontal ground motion directionality, the sensitivity of the calculated nonlinear dynamic response of a 3-story base-isolated building during pounding against other fixed-supported buildings is thoroughly and parametrically examined. Numerous nonlinear time history analyses are performed on the structural model using selected pairs of recorded horizontal ground-motion orthogonal components. Records are rotated to 73 different horizontal angles of incidence with respect to the building's structural axes in the range of 0 to 360 degrees. The influence of different parameters, such as the type and the location of the adjacent-fixed supported buildings, is also investigated. The significant influences of (a) the excitation angle and (b) the structural configuration arrangement on the overall peak seismic response are highlighted and quantified.


Preparations of specifically labeled [1-14C]-, [3-14C]- and [1-18O]allyl alcohol are described. The syntheses were achieved, respectively, in 7, 11 and 9 steps, with overall yields of 33%, 10% and 38%.

Commercially available K14CN, CH314COONa and H218O were used as the starting materials.


In a contemporary globalized and rapidly developing society, the disappearance of the ethnic minority culture is a problem worth public attention. With technological advancements and a strengthening economy, the living standards of ethnic minority people in China are being increased. People are willing to embrace modern conveniences and get rid of some traditional customs that make their daily lives inconvenient. Since many ethnic minorities in China have assimilated into mainstream Han culture, the younger generation has less interest in preserving their cultural heritage. Currently, this is a huge issue in China. Ethnic minority culture is a rich, multifaceted aspect of Chinas heritage; it deserves to be protected, preserved, and passed on. This paper investigates the difficulties behind the spread of ethnic minority culture as well as the specific reasons behind them. After a field investigation of Dong culture, it is found that Dong culture mainly faces a dilemma in two aspects, namely the loss of Dong traditional architectural style and the loss of Dong songs and festivals.


Or if it stimulates the immune system, or if indirectly enhance the immune system, in other cases it is to provide novel compositions and methods utilizing an immunomodulatory agent that is or if it has an immunosuppressive effect it is an object of the present invention. Agonists TNFR25 disclosed herein, have anti-inflammatory effects and healing effect. Among these agonists of the TNFR25, for example asthma, it may be used to treat diseases caused by chronic inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Antagonists of TNFR25 disclosed herein have the ability to inhibit a cellular immune response mediated by CD8T cells, for example, there is a case to reduce the rejection of organ or tissue after tissue transplantation. Agonists TNFR25 disclosed herein, or purpose of enhancing the body's ability to fight cancer when given in conjunction with a tumor vaccine purposes or directing, for any purpose to restore the body's cellular immunity providing biological response modifiers that alter the interaction between the defense and cancer cells. TNFR25-specific immunotoxin disclosed herein have the ability to increase the effectiveness of the regimen of the chemotherapeutic agent by removing the immunosuppressive cells spontaneous from cancer patients. .FIELD 1


An analysis of the taxonomists views and studies in the original material permitted the Wedlia Cobbold, 1860 genus to be considered valid (no abdominal sucker, the body shape of the male and female is the same). The typical species is W. bipartite (Wedl, 1855) Cobbold, 1860. The Koellikeria Cobbold, 1860 genus differs in the presence of the abdominal sucker, the male is hair-like, the famale body consists of two sections, the posterior one is horseshoe-shaped. K. okeni (Kolliker, 1849) Cobbold, 1860 is the typical and the only species. The validity of the Tricharrhen Poche, 1925 genus is denied.


Low grade ore iron with high phosphorus(LGIOWHP), an industrial solid waste is used as an adsorbent to remove phosphate anions from wastewater. The effects of initial pH, stirring speed, reaction time, reaction temperature and adsorbent dosage on the phosphate removal rate were investigated. The results show that the phosphate removal rate exceed 99% under the optimal conditions. After phosphate removal reaction, the phosphate concentrations completely meet the requirement of national discharge standards of the second category pollution (GB 8978- 1996).


A distributed optical fiber sensing system based on a bidirectional chaotic fiber ring laser has been proposed. The output waveforms induced by an external disturbance in some period are different from those in other time. This period equals the time difference between two counter-propagating beams arriving at the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) from the disturbance point. It is utilized for the disturbance location. In this paper, the location mechanism is explored by investigating optical interaction in the SOA in two simulation systems with a continuous wave optical source. One system is for studying the interaction of a continuous wave beam and a phase modulation beam input into the SOA from the left and right sides respectively. The other system is for investigating the interaction of two phase modulation beams counter-arriving at the SOA with a certain time difference. Under a small SOA current, only the transformation of the phase modulation to intensity modulation occurs due to the interference caused by facets reflection of the SOA. With the increase of current, the cross-gain modulation effect of the SOA makes the interference signal in one beam copy to the other one reversely in the phase, which generates the time difference characteristic. For the chaotic sensing system the situation is similar to the large current case in the second simulation system, only the conversion of the modulation format is achieved by the sensitivity to initial values of chaotic systems. The cross-gain modulation effect in the SOA contributes to the time difference location method.


Online social networking sites continue to grow as a medium of consumption, acting as a changing force for interpersonal communication and media interaction. It is important to understand how and why each demographic segment is using these sites. Facebook is the most popular social networking site in the U.S., with older adults representing a substantial portion of the site's growth. Previous studies have investigated the use of Facebook among college students and young adults; however, older age demographics are a fairly new segment to the online social networking landscape that has not yet been investigated.

Through a large-scale online survey, this study represents the first empirical investigation of Facebook members age 35 and older. Findings provide a baseline of knowledge for understanding time spent, frequent activities and gratifications obtained by this audience on Facebook. Results indicate adults 35 and older allocate a substantial amount of time to the site and use it most often for communication with people in their network. While many activities on the site were found to be similar between older and younger audiences, adults 35 and older in this study reported more passive activities of surveillance rather than participation. Factor analysis yielded five gratification factors for Facebook of which three were salient against the 35 and older audience: interpersonal habitual entertainment, passing time and self-expression. Exploratory open-ended questions also revealed some additional unique possible motives to be considered in future research among this audience.


Objective:Explore the application value and related issues and matters needing attention of Domestic gastrointestinal stapler in low rectal cancer surgery.Method:Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 24 patients with low rectal cancer patients with gastrointestinal stapling sphincter preserving surgery.Result:The group of rows of colorectal anastomosis(ie anterior resection Dixon) were successful.Stapled excision circle is complete,no operation death,no anastomotic leakage,no anastomotic stenosis,without postoperative anastomotic bleeding,no postoperative voiding dysfunction,and no local recurrence.Conclusion:In low rectal cancer with preservation of anal operation using domestic staplers,the high success rate of anastomosis,fewer complications,safe operation,easy control,low cost,and Worth in primary hospitals.


The earlier studies of the effect of maternal age and birth order on the incidence of stillbirths (Yerushalmy, 1940; Gibson & McKeown, 1952; Douglas, 1955) and of premature births (Yerushalmy, 1938, 1940; Taff & Wilbar, 1953) refer to whole populations and therefore cover a number of economic groups. However, Titmus (1944); Baird (1944-5, 1945) ; Block, Lipsett, Redner & Hirschl (1952) ; Douglas ( 1955) have shown that poverty is associated with high stillbirth and prematurity rates, consequently it would seem necessary to a study of the influence of the two factors, maternal age and birth rank, on the outcome of pregnancy that theeconomic level of the study group should be as uniform as possible. There are special opportunities for such studies in Singapore, where large families are not uncommon and the demarcation of economic groups is definite. This investigation refers to 47,572 mothers who belonged to one ethnic group, Chinese, and were of uniformly low economic circumstances. DESCRIPTION F STUDY GROUP


This paper introduces a matching technique for highly sensitive integrated broadband low‐noise amplifiers. Noise matching is achieved by the paralleling of identical input transistors. Impedance matching, based on reducing the number of components to the absolute minimum, is done by using the base‐collector capacitance as network element. Using a 0.13 μ m silicon‐germanium (SiGe) bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, simulation results indicate a maximum noise figure of 0.462 dB at room temperature and a return loss better than 10 dB from 300 MHz to 1.4 GHz. The technique demonstrates that SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors can be used for cost‐effective applications in radio astronomy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1937–1945, 2016


Starting from italian, swiss and french documentation in lombard and carolingian age, the study examines the relationships between inscriptions and the space in which they themselves are inserted. This paper, concerning specifically the monastic context, proposes various hypotheses on burial signaling mode, taking into account the physical appearance of epigraphs, as well as their degree of visibility in relation to its surroundings. Through a comparative analysis, which also involves the main historical sources of the time, it is reflected on the location of the tombs of monks, abbots and laity within the monastic space, thus arriving at a number of proposals on the original location of the epigraphic artifacts.


High vibrational overtones observed in the laser photoacoustic spectrum of gaseous methanol are interpreted in terms of coupled anharmonic C–H bond modes and an anharmonic O–H bond mode coupled to harmonic C–O and <HOC modes. An ab initio SCF calculation is used to estimate the harmonic part of the potential and the dipole moment operator.


Safety is the main topic of civil aviation and railway transportation. The safety of civil airborne system is crucial to civil aviation transportation, which is the same of railway signal system to railway transportation. This paper will conduct a comparative study on the safety assessment technology between civil airborne system and railway signal system. By analyzing the safety assessment technologies of both, this paper studies the differences of the safety assessment processes and methods between civil airborne system and railway signal system.


We report neutron-scattering experiments that reveal coupled incommensurate peaks arising from magnetic as well as charge ordering at low temperatures ({ital T}{le}100 K) in stoichiometric La{sub 2{minus}{ital x}}Sr{sub {ital x}}NiO{sub 4+{delta}} ({delta}=0.00) crystals. In contrast with the long-range ordering of holes and spins observed recently in La{sub 2}NiO{sub 4.125}, the correlations are short ranged in Sr-doped La{sub 2}NiO{sub 4} and the incommensurability {var_epsilon} is 0.25 and 0.12 for {ital x}=0.20 and 0.135, respectively. Based on our study and previous reports on La{sub 2{minus}{ital x}}Sr{sub {ital x}}NiO{sub 4+{delta}}, the modulation wave vector appears to be a sensitive function of net hole concentration, {ital p}={ital x}+2{delta}. The magnetic correlation length increases with doping and the incommensurability follows the simple relationship {var_epsilon}{approx}{ital p}.


The performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with high-k cross-linked cyanoethylated pullulan (CLCEP) polymer as a gate dielectric was studied. The optimized film spin-coated from the polymer blend showed high dielectric constant (13.4), high capacitance (53.4 nF cm−2, at 1 MHz), and negligible hysteresis enabling reliable and low-voltage OFET operations (−3V). With optimized cross-linking temperature, a field-effect mobility of 1.32 cm2V−1 s−1, an on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of ∼105 and a threshold voltage (Vth) as low as −1.05 V were obtained. Also a low inverse subthreshold slope (SS) of 89 mV dec−1 was obtained which is close to the theoretical value of 57 mV dec−1 at room temperature. The number of trap states was estimated from threshold voltage shift and SS values, and was confirmed to be related to the OH intensities measured via FT-IR. The morphology and microstructure of the pentacene layer grown on CLCEP dielectrics were also investigated and correlated with OFET device performance.


Abstract: With the inclusion of philosophy courses in the programs, it is aimed to raise individuals who think, question and criticize. In the process of gaining these skills, it is thought that the positive attitude of the students towards the philosophy course may be effective. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine the attitudes of eleventh grade students towards the philosophy course and to evaluate the attitudes of the students from the teachers' point of view. The research was carried out with 200 eleventh grade students studying at five different high schools in Kahramanmaraş province Onikişubat district and ten philosophy teachers working in public schools in the same province and district. The survey model was used in the research, which consists of quantitative and qualitative parts.. Quantitative data were obtained by using the "Philosophy Class Attitude Scale" and qualitative data were obtained by using a semi-structured interview form. The analysis of qualitative data was made by content analysis method. As a result of the research, it was found that the attitudes of the eleventh grade students towards the philosophy course differed significantly by gender, the educational status of the parents and the frequency of reading books. In addition, philosophy course teachers found high school students' attitudes towards philosophy course negative; It has been concluded that the reasons for this are due to factors such as the fact that philosophy questions many subjects, and that few questions are asked in the university exam.


The magnetic ordering in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ is significantly affected by the existence of antisymmetric Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions. We use an effective classical spin Hamiltonian to obtain the full phase diagram at zero temperature, with a magnetic field oriented along an arbitrary direction in the orthorhombic b-c plane. We show that the various transition fields are sensitive functions of the input anisotropies. Using the measured transition fields [Thio et al., Phys. Rev. B 38, 905 (1988); 41, 231 (1990)], we find that the anisotropy in the intralayer interaction is 3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 meV and the interlayer interaction is 1.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 meV. We predict the entire magnetic phase diagram for fields in the b-c plane, including a critical end point, when the magnetic field is applied at an angle of 26.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} with the c axis. We also discuss the qualitative changes expected in the phase diagram if the value of the antisymmetric exchange increases.


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The problem of low levels of youth physical activity (PA) participation in Ireland and internationally is clear and irrefutable.1 2 The Youth-Physical Activity Towards Health (Y-PATH) programme commenced in 2010, with cross-sectional research exploring predisposing and reinforcing factors influencing low levels of Irish youth PA participation (including fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, and attitudes, motivation and knowledge towards PA).3 In consultation with key stakeholders a targeted 'whole-school' intervention programme was developed on the …


It is proved that the variance of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator (HTE) of a finite population total based on Brewer's (1975) ∏PSWOR procedure is smaller than the variance or the Hansen-Hurwitz estimator (HHB) based on a PPSWR sample involvioa the same number of draws.


In wearable sensing applications, data is inevitable to be irregularly sampled or partially missing, which pose challenges for any downstream application. An unique aspect of wearable data is that it is time-series data and each channel can be correlated to another one, such as x, y, z axis of accelerometer. We argue that traditional methods have rarely made use of both times-series dynamics of the data as well as the relatedness of the features from different sensors. We propose a model, termed as DynImp, to handle different time point's missingness with nearest neighbors along feature axis and then feeding the data into a LSTM-based denoising autoen-coder which can reconstruct missingness along the time axis. We experiment the model on the extreme missingness scenario (> 50% missing rate) which has not been widely tested in wearable data. Our experiments on activity recognition show that the method can exploit the multi-modality features from related sensors and also learn from history time-series dynamics to reconstruct the data under extreme missingness.


In order for cells to regulate intracellular metal ion concentrations, the transport of the ions across cell membranes must be regulated. For zinc ions, these transport proteins may be categorized into two major families, the CDS (ZIP) influx proteins and the ZIP efflux proteins. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green algae model for eukaryotic plant cells. Analysis of Chlamydomonas genomes has identified several putative metal ion transporters, including those for zinc. We have designed PCR primers based upon the gene sequences for the putative zinc transporters CrMPT1 and CrZIP6 transporters to amply DNA corresponding to the complete gene sequences from a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cDNA library. PCR products of the appropriate size have been obtained and the sequences are in agreement with the complete sequences predicted from the Chlamydomonas Genome Database. Further cloning into expression vectors is underway.


The time-dependent Schroedinger equation for a hydrogen atom is integrated numerically in the field of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies for external field strengths of 0.1 and 0.1/2 a.u. The ionization probabilities and Stark shifts are calculated.


The dynamics of inertial cavitation bubbles produced by short pulses of high-intensity focused ultrasound near a rigid boundary are studied to get a better understanding of the role of jet formation and shock wave emission during bubble collapse in the therapeutic applications of ultrasound. The bubble dynamics are investigated by high-speed photography with up to 2 million frames/s and acoustic measurements, as well as by numerical calculations. The significant parameter of this study is the dimensionless stand-off, γ, which is defined as the distance of the bubble centre at its maximum expansion scaled by the maximum bubble radius. High-speed photography is applied to observe the bubble motion and the velocity of the liquid jet formed during bubble collapse. Hydrophone measurements are used to determine the pressure and the duration of the shock wave emitted during bubble rebound. Calculations yield the variation with time of the bubble wall, the maximum velocity and the kinetic energy of the re-entrant jet. The comparisons between experimental and numerical data are favourable with regard to both shape history and translational motion of the bubble. The acoustic energy constitutes the largest individual amount in the energy balance of bubble collapse. The ratio of the shock wave energy, measured at 10 mm from the emission centre, to the cavitation bubble energy was 1:2.4 at γ = 1.55 and 1:3.5 at γ = 1. At this distance, the shock wave pressure ranges from 0.122 MPa, at γ = 1, to 0.162 MPa, at γ = 1.55, and the temporal duration at the half maximum level is 87 ns. The maximum jet velocity ranges from 27 m s–1, at γ = 1, to 36 m s–1, at γ = 1.55. For γ < 1.2, the re-entrant jet can generate an impact pressure on the nearby boundary larger than 50 MPa. We discuss the implications of the results for the therapeutic applications of high-intensity focused ultrasound.


The way that cancer patients in the UK gain access to treatment is a topical area for debate; its invocation in the debate on the proposed reforms is important because it shows a major weakness in the NHS. …


Objectives: Korea is currently facing a super-aged society. Chronic diseases, due to the required long-term treatment, cause the harsh burden not only for the patients but also for the family members who support them. Additionally, the nations with a high rate of chronic diseases often experience the heavy financial burden. Therefore, it is important to estimate the number of patients with chronic conditions in order to formulate national policies for the chronic disease prevention and management. Methods: Using the Korea Health Panel data in 2012 and 2013, this study calculates the transition probability and disease-specific mortality rates and micro-simulates the Korean population by 2040 and the number of patients with 8 leading chronic conditions. Results: The estimated results are as follows. The population with hypertension increases 2.53 times (5,713,500 in 2014 to 14,468,680 in 2040); the population with diabetes increases 1.95 times (2,616,820 in 2014 to 5,103,020 in 2040); the population with hyperlipidemia increases 1.64 times (2,956,790 in 2014 to 4,842,290 in 2040); the population with polyarthrosis increases 2.3 times (3,888,330 in 2014 to 8,934,990 in 2040); the population with tuberculosis increases 2.26 times (84,520 in 2014 to 190,700 in 2040); the population with ischaemic heart disease increases 2.39 times (888,010 in 2014 to 2,123,440 in 2040); the population with cerebrovascular disease increases 2.35 times (877,490 in 2014 to 2,063,170 in 2040); and the population with cancer increases 1.82 times (988,400 in 2014 to 1,794,790 in 2040). Conclusions: In conclusions, it showed an increase in the number of patients of all chronic diseases. This study has a significance as the first study applying the FEM to Korea, the findings of this study data are expected to be utilized as the basis for the data of chronic diseases policy and securing financial resources to prevent and manage future chronic diseases.


Notes transcribed from a workshop on effects of high intensity visible radiation (high solar flux) on materials are presented with comments by the workshop chairman and participants. Discussions presented include laser damage, photochemical effects, crystal defects, high temperature effects, and testing of materials in large solar concentrators. Contrasts are observed between highly concentrated solar radiation and equivalent power levels of coherent radiation from monochromatic lasers. The discussions suggest a lack of nonlinear or multiphoton optical effects to be expected from solar radiation even at the theoretical maximum of concentration (some 60,000 times normal sun light).


Energy flow rhrough loric ecosystems is fueled by instream primary producrion and allochthonous inputs of organic matter from adjacenr terresrrial environments. The relative contriburions of borh kinds of resources to rhe energy flow vary significantly along rhe river continuum (VANNOTE er al. 1980). In alpine catchments above rhe rree !ine, rerresrrial vegerarion is scarce or even lacking. Consequently, rhe in pur of allochthonous organic matter is low and benthic primary producers (algae) are presumably the dominant energy source supporring rhe hererotrophic communiry (WARD 1994). Allochthonous organic matter becomes more important when such a srream continues into subalpine foresrs.


Introduction: The Kaidun meteorite has been described as a complex polymict breccia. It contains clasts spanning a wide range of achondrite and chondrite groups [1]. The chondritic lithologies all contain carbonates, derived from aqueous alteration. In this work, we used a NanoSims to characterize 53 Mn-53 Cr internal isochrons on 3 individual dolomite grains in Kaidun in order to confirm the first and only 53 Mn


Land-use change is increasingly influenced by complex socioeconomic and environmental interactions that transcend spatial, institutional, and temporal scales. These interactions challenge classical place-based land system analysis and require new analytical approaches equipped for tackling processes, flows, and feedbacks over distance. The recently proposed telecoupling framework offers interesting perspectives for bringing place-based and process-oriented research together in the study of land-use change. However, few studies have explored the influence and implications of telecouplings in local land-use changes. One reason for this is that the framework still faces challenges for application in empirical research. Here, we offer a qualitative operationalization of the telecoupling framework to explore its relevance and applicability in a case of local land-use change. Investigating the case of a recent boom in commercial banana cultivation in Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR, we use a grounded empirical approach starting with the observed land-use change at the village level. We then trace flows and distal processes influencing the conversion to banana cultivation from the perspectives and experiences of the local actors involved. The results identify four prominent material and immaterial telecouplings at various spatial and temporal scales, as well as some potential feedbacks. This complexity points to the need for interdisciplinary research because the processes involved in creating telecoupled land-use change transcend the boundaries of any one discipline. Overall, however, telecoupling presents a strong heuristic lens for examining and describing distal causal relations in land-use change in a manner that does not favor a specific analytical scale or type of interaction.


Trends are noticeable that the European car fleet is changing rapidly towards a higher diversity of vehicles on the roads. On the high end of the scale larger and heavier automobiles, such as Multi Purpose Vehicles (MPV's) and Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV's) take a larger share than before. This paper shows the results from a study done on SUV accidents. The crash involvement and behaviour of Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV) was analysed. The analyses were based on a review of Dutch national statistics and in-depth studies of SUV accidents in The Netherlands and of passenger cars in Europe (the EACS project). Also comparisons were made with actual numbers of the car fleet of the vehicles types, so that exposure rates can be included. Accidents of vehicles in the above-described categories will also be compared with each other. The national statistics and the in-depth analysis were compared and it was shown that the studies point in the same direction. It can be concluded that SUV's are significantly more aggressive against vulnerable road users. In this study no difference is found between heavy passenger cars and SUVs. SUVs are about as heavy as the average full-size passenger car. So the same mass difference occurs between passenger car classes (e.g. full-size and small cars). Although the bumper height is about 20% higher compared to passenger cars, this difference could not directly be related to an increase in injury severity in this study due to the lack of data.


The present invention is very high in mono to monolithic integrated on the equivalent circuit of the circuit represents the parasitic components of the package, the ground terminal L that is used for mounting, and the impedance component outputted from the respective terminals in a common impedance components, grounding the common impedance the introduction of the equivalent circuit to the structure, the present invention relates to a down the expression of parasitic components in accordance with the number of the gold wire is bonded easily approximation of the package ground terminal L of the equivalent circuit that can be extended.


The objective of this study is to find out the information about pragmatics competence of second year student in the French Department, State University of Jakarta (UNJ) Jakarta. The writers believed that it is important to conduct this study, because pragmatics competence actually is not taught explicitly in the French Department. Meanwhile, pragmatics competence plays an important role both in oral and written communication. It is hope that this study can give the contribution to the French Department especially to French curriculum department. This study was conducted on July in 2007 in the French Department, UNJ Jakarta. It was conducted through descriptive analytical interpretative by analysing the result of students' pragmatics competence test. The population of this study is 35 French students of UNJ Jakarta who have completely taken all language skills subject. The instrument of this study is the test of pragmatics competence, which consists of 40 questions in form of multiple choices. The process of pragmatics test designing was based on the themes that have been learnt during learning process. In the French Department, pragmatics is not taught explicitly but it is integrated in the language skills subject such as writing, reading, speaking and listening. The data showed that there are 10 questions which cannot be answered correctly by the students. It is because the number of errors done by the students ranges from 18 to 30. In contrast, there are 20 questions which can be answered correctly by the students. It is because the number of errors done by the students ranges from 1 to 8. The result of this study showed that the students already have a good understanding of pragmatics which is practically integrated in the language skills subject. In addition, student's pragmatics competence relates thoroughly to his/her creativity. To summarize, if the student is creative, he/she will then be able to use the language relevant to the context occurred, or in other words, he/she understands well the pragmatics. It is therefore important for the teachers to develop students' pragmatics competence by exposing them to practicing the language in various setting. Kata Kunci : kemampuan, prakmatik mahasiswa


When the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union held the first phase of the Dumbarton Oaks Conversations in August 1944, the United Nations was conceived of solely as a security system. The Security Council, which was made primarily responsible for the security system, was granted almost absolute freedom and flexibility in' handling international disputes and was restricted to no legal principles, procedures, and solutions. Security was set above justice, and the establishment or restoration of order and peace was to precede the reign of law. In fact, it


Based on digital signal process (DSP), this article gave the design method of an electronic board, which is used in the scanning imaging system of sonoluminescence tomography (SLT). The architecture of the board is of high performance and flexibility. The board can independently provide all the real time functions relevant to the scanning imaging of SLT, including the transmitting of ultrasonic wave, the receiving of optical signals, mechanical driving and location, the controlling of scanning strategy and the processing of tomography, etc. The board also can transfer the data to personal computers based on the serial protocol, to do the post processing research of tomography algorithm. The testing result is satisfactory.


Background Osteonecrosis (ON) is a severely disabling complication of anti-leukemic therapy, specifically long-term corticosteroid use. A hypercoagulable state is thought to underlie corticosteroid-related ON. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are also at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), indicating underlying hypercoagulability in this disease entity. Hence, we explored the relationship between ON and VTE, along with the association of ON with other variables, including age and asparaginase (ASP) therapy, in children with ALL.

Methods Health records of children (< 18 yrs.) with de novo ALL treated at McMaster Children's Hospital from 1992 to 2010 were reviewed. Patients were treated according to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium Protocols. Data regarding demographics, leukemia diagnosis and therapy, development and characteristics of ON and VTE, and thrombophilia work-up, if any, were collected from computer records and chart review.

Osteonecrosis was diagnosed by plain X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and/or technetium-99m (99mTc) bone scan. We included ON diagnosed during therapy and/or at any point during post-treatment follow-up.

Standard radiological measures, including venous Doppler ultrasound and/or venography (conventional, CT, MR), confirmed VTE. We included only clinically significant thromboembolic events, defined as symptomatic VTE, or asymptomatic VTE requiring anticoagulation, developing during ALL therapy.

Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify possible predictors of ON. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and corresponding p -values were determined.

Results Mean age of the study cohort ( n = 208) was 5.4 years and male/female ratio 1.2:1. Seventy-eight (37.5%) patients had high-risk (HR) ALL and 127 (61.1%) received dexamethasone (DEX) as post-induction steroid. One hundred and sixty-two (77.9%) patients received E. coli ASP, 19 (9.1%) Erwinia ASP, and 27 (13.0%) PEG ASP.

Twenty-one (10.1%) children developed ON. Joints affected by ON included the ankle in 11 subjects, knee in 10, hip in 8, and heel in one. Fourteen of the 21 patients (66.7%) had involvement of more than one joint. All patients were diagnosed with ON during ALL treatment, with the average being 69.2 weeks following ALL diagnosis.

Forty-two (20.2%) subjects had a VTE while receiving therapy at an average of 29.4 weeks after ALL diagnosis. Nine patients had cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, 7 deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and one pulmonary embolism (PE). Twenty-six patients developed a central venous line (CVL)-related VTE.

Results of univariate logistic regression analyses for osteonecrosis are presented in [Table 1][1]. VTE strongly predicted development of ON – OR 8.85 (95% CI 3.37–23.25, p < 0.001). Thirteen (31.0%) patients with VTE developed ON compared to 8 (4.8%) of 166 subjects without VTE. In 10 of 13 (76.9%) patients who developed both VTE and ON, the diagnosis of VTE preceded that of ON.

View this table:

Table 1
Univariate logistic regression for ON

Given that older age is a known risk factor for both VTE and ON, we conducted a multivariate analysis, which confirmed that age, ASP type, and VTE were independent, significant risk factors for ON ([Table 2][2]).

View this table:

Table 2
Multivariate logistic regression for ON

Conclusion In addition to the known impact of older age, we identified VTE and type of ASP as independent risk factors for ON in children with ALL. These observations suggest overlap in the etiopathogenesis of ON and VTE. We recommend larger, prospective studies to confirm the association of VTE and PEG ASP with ON and to assess the impact of hypercoagulability on the development of ON. This in turn may help develop preventive strategies (e.g., thromboprophylaxis) for ALL-associated ON.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #T1
 [2]: #T2


An interface device between a ski and fastening front and rear elements (2) and (3) which are intended to retain the ends of a boot on the ski. The device comprises a plate (13) whose central portion (14) is elongate and extends above the upper surface of the ski in the binding area. A first extrem ity (15) of the plate is affixed to the ski, and a second end (16) is connected to the ski by means of a block of damping material (17) mounted in a sandwich between the end of the plate and skiing. Preferably, the damping material block is provided to work in compression and shear.


Non-aneurysmal perimesencephalic haemorrhage accounts for a small number of subarachnoid haemorrhages.1 It is generally benign in its course and prognosis, although occasional patients develop hydrocephalus and seizures; vasospasm is rare.1 We describe a patient with perimesencephalic haemorrhage who developed delayed vasospasm and subsequent mesencephalic infarction.

A 62-year-old man presented with sudden intense headache. He had peripheral arterial occlusive disease, myocardial infarction and chronic kidney disease. Neurological examination was normal. CT scan of head showed subarachnoid haemorrhage in the typical distribution of perimesencephalic haemorrhage (figure 1A). CT angiography showed no …


According to buildings' seismic safety in this paper basic countermeasures are proposed in terms of earthquake prediction, earthquake transfer, dispersion and earthquake work to reduce earthquake disaster. Detailed introductions are also made for earthquake isolation system, vibration reduction system and active control system for earthquake.


T HIS Special Issue contains revised papers originally pre-It attracted 383 participants from 17 countries. Immediately after this conference, in order to report on its success, we (Broggi, Ikeuchi, and Thorpe) decided to have a special issue in this newly created IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, by collecting some of the most important papers presented at the conference. For convenience, the papers of this special event will be divided into two parts—this, the first part, focused on infrastructure and the second part, to be published in the September 2000 issue, focused on the vehicle. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) will be a key technology in the next century. ITS aims to control the flow of people, vehicles, and information to achieve a seamless infor-mation/transportation space. Through this effort, ITS aims to provide drivers and passengers a safer, more comfortable, and more efficient transportation space. ITS requires complex integrated efforts over all aspects of engineering and science, including computer science and robotics, artificial intelligence, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and civil engineering , to name a few. Among these vast areas, sensing is one of the most important components in ITS. Generally speaking, any intelligent system requires sensing capabilities. Without knowledge of the outside world acquired through sensing, intelligent systems cannot make any decisions or control their behavior. The integrated intelligent transportation system is no exception. Each intelligent vehicle, as one component of an ITS, needs sensing capabilities of its environment for making any decisions to navigate, to provide timely assistance to the driver, and to avoid accidents in emergency situations. The infrastructure, in particular intelligent highways, needs sensing capabilities to determine road conditions as well as to monitor events occurring on them, in order to assist vehicles for route guidance or accident warning. Even human drivers inside the vehicles, in particular senior citizens, need automated sensing capabilities to improve or enhance their visual capabilities for such purposes as pedestrian detection or road sign monitoring. The five papers included in Part I cover various sensing capabilities of the infrastructure. These papers are concerned with sensing capabilities of the infrastructure, including flow measurement for intelligent route guidance and event recognition for accident warning. Pavlidis et al., describe a method to recognize vehicles using infrared sensors, while Lai and Yung describe a method to identify vehicle type using virtual loops. Daileyet al. report an algorithm to estimate vehicle speed using vision sensors. These intelligent …


The paper proposes a new method to achieve the autonomous sleep-reboot of a lunar probe.The lunar probe will be shut down by ground commands before the moonlit night and rebooted by the sleep-reboot controller with detects the illumination intensity when the lunar day is coming.The method solves the problem of energy supply during the night,and has proved to be reliable and secure through all the tests on the ground.The method might be used as a reference for the power system design for deep space probe.


Intercellular Ca2+ waves are increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels that propagate between cells. Periodic Ca2+ waves have been linked to gene regulation and are thought to play a crucial role in the development of our hearing epithelium, the organ of Corti and the acquisition of hearing. We observed regular periodic intercellular Ca2+ waves in supporting cells of an ex vivo preparation of the adult mouse organ of Corti, and these waves were found to propagate independently of extracellular ATP and were inhibited by the gap junction blockers 1‐octanol and carbenoxolone. Our results establish that the existence of periodic Ca2+ waves in the organ of Corti is not restricted to the prehearing period.


The following gives a high-level table of contents. Starred chapters will change significantly from the current edition, with changes noted. Chapter 1: Vectors and Points This chapter covers basic linear algebra topics such as vectors, points, lines and planes. Most changes will be in presentation, not in topic. Chapter 2: Matrices and Linear Transformations This continues the linear algebra discussion and discusses the mathematical methods for changing the concepts presented in Chapter 1. Most modifications will be in presentation, not in topic. *Chapter 3: Affine Transformations This completes the algebra discussion and covers basic graphics transformations such as translation, rotation and scale. Most changes will be in presentation, not in topic, although there will be a small section added on skinning. Chapter 4: Real-World Computer Number Representation This chapter covers the problems of representing the infinite space of numbers in a finite computer. Most modifications will be in presentation, not in topic. Chapter 5: Viewing and Projection This chapter begins the graphics topics with a discussion of building virtual cameras. Most modifications will be in presentation, not in topic. *Chapter 6: Lighting and Color This new chapter collates the color topics from the original Chapter 6 and the non-shading aspects of the original Chapter 7. To be presented here are the more abstract notions of color, normals to a surface, direction to a light, and how a lit color value is generated without any reference to triangles or interpolation. *Chapter 7: Geometry, Shading and Texturing As with the previous chapter, this one will take mostly material from the original chapters 6 and 7, and some from Chapter 8. The chapter will conclude with a brief discussion of hardware vertex and pixel shaders, but as this is not a graphics book per se it will only be at an introductory level. *Chapter 8: Rasterization and Antialiasing The final graphics chapter will now focus on sampling the continuous functions discussed in the previous two so that they can be represented on discrete hardware. Both rasterization and texturing will lead into a discussion of antialiasing and solving the problems for both processes: mip-mapping, multi-sampling, and other approaches. *Chapter 9: Animation of Position The previous version of this chapter focused on curves, and the new one will be no exception. However, rather than attempting to be a general curve discussion it will focus more on the particular curve types that are most often used in an interactive application for animating cameras and object position. *Chapter 10: Animation of Orientation As with the previous chapter, this one will be retargeted to focus mainly on animation issues. There will also be more material dedicated to approximating slerp, as there have been a number of publications and debate on this topic since the original publication of the book. Chapter 11: Intersection Testing This chapter covers basic bounding object tests and some topics in collision detection and culling. There will be few changes. *Chapter 12: Physical Simulation The general structure of this one will remain the same with only a few additions and expansions of existing topics based on the author's participation in the Physics for Game Programmers GDC tutorial. First, symplectic Euler and its stability properties will be discussed. Secondly, more attention will be given to generating inertial tensors for triangle soups. Finally, simple constraints will be presented. *Chapter 13: Random Numbers This chapter was originally planned for the first edition and was requested by a number of reviewers. It will cover basic probability, three methods for generating pseudo-random numbers on a digital computer, and some applications of random numbers: Artificial intelligence routines, simulating die rolls and card draws, Perlin noise for procedural textures, and finally some basic presentation of stochastic sampling for anti-aliasing.


Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations have increased recently in India; however, morphological descriptors for teak are still lacking. Thus, the goal of this work was to develop descriptors based on morphological characteristics. Among 30 seed sources collected from different states of India, 24 morphological descriptors, including leaf length, leaf width, presence of petiole, petiole length, leaf shape, shape of leaf apex, shape of leaf base, leaf texture, phyllotaxy, leaf attitude, leaf margin, leaf margin undulation, leaf brightness, leaf venation, leaf main vein, leaf veins, leaf vein color, leaf color, leaf pubescence, young leaf color, number of internodes, internodal length, trunk spots, and trunk color, were developed based on leaf and stem characteristics. These seed sources exhibited a difference in all traits except leaf shape, shape of leaf apex, leaf phyllotaxy, leaf margin, leaf venation, leaf main vein, and presence of trunk spots. The Jaccard similarity index was used to calculate the genetic similarity between the sources, and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) method was used to perform a cluster analysis (four groups at a similarity of 0.5 were obtained). According to the observations made, most of the sources exhibited high similarity, which indicates that only a few characteristics can be used to distinguish the sources.


Future graphene applications require the advanced development of various techniques to create graphene configurations with desired shape and edges [1]. Particle etching has emerged as a possible route to produce crystalline cutting of graphene with zigzag or armchair edges [2]. In this work, we characterized the etching of graphene and graphite by metal particles using low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM), optical microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Metal thin films were deposited onto mechanically exfoliated graphene flakes on Si/SiO2 substrates using a sputtering technique. When these thin films were rapidly annealed, particles were produced due to the dewetting of the films [3], and etching occurred at graphene/graphite-particle interfaces. Two nanoparticle systems are presented, Fe and Cu. LVSEM, utilizing both the SE2 and Inlens detectors, reveals different morphology for the Cu and Fe particles and different etching behaviors due to their distinct interactions with carbon. Raman spectroscopy provides damage information in graphene and graphite created by etching process.


Oxiranes (epoxides) are very versatile building blocks in organic synthesis, and they can be opened up with a wide range of nucleophiles. Nucleophilic addition to epoxides plays a pivotal role in the stereoselective preparation of 1,2-difunctional compounds. It has been one of the most thoroughly studied reactions of epoxides, and for this different promoters and conditions have been developed. 1,3-Disubstituted and 1,2,3-trisubstituted 2,3-epoxyalcohols belong to an important group of epoxy compounds, as opening of their epoxy ring can lead to interesting compounds having three contiguous stereogenic centers. This fascinating aspect is the key factor for their use as precursors for the synthesis of a wide range of important and useful organic molecules. Two main routes for synthesis of 2,3-epoxyalcohols are i) epoxidation of allyl alcohols, and ii) chemoselective ketone reduction of a,b-epoxyketones. Both allyl alcohols and a,b-epoxyketones are readily available compounds, and those belonging to the latter type are generally prepared by a very simple reaction, viz., epoxidation of a,b-unsaturated ketones with hydrogen peroxide and alkali. It is worthwhile to mention here that for the reduction of a,b-epoxyketones, along with the chemoselectivity, the stereoselectivity of the reactions plays a very important role in the transformation steps necessary for achieving the targeted synthesis. This has led to the development of a good number of methods for chemoselective and stereoselective reduction of a,b-epoxyketones. E-3-Benzylideneflavanones (1) prefer a conformation in which the 2-aryl group is axially oriented. Sodium borohydride reduction of 1, studied in our laboratory, was


The invention provides a puncture catheter. The puncture catheter comprises a hollow tubular body and a traction wire. The tubular body comprises an elastic puncture section. The traction wire is connected with the puncture section. The puncture section is bent into a predetermined shape under the traction of the traction wire. The distal end of the puncture section is in a needle point shape. A plurality of cutting grooves are formed in the puncture section in the length direction of the tubular body, and the cutting grooves are formed in the same side of the puncture section. The side, not provided with the cutting grooves, of the puncture section is split in the length direction of the puncture section, and the puncture section is unfolded. Each cutting groove comprises a rhombic main body part, wherein the lengths of the two diagonals of the rhombic main body part are different, and the shorter diagonal of the rhombic main body part is parallel to the length direction of the puncture section. Due to the fact that the puncture section of the puncture catheter can be bent under the action of the traction wire, and a guide sheath does not need to be bent in the whole puncture process, so that the pushing resistance of the puncture catheter is relatively small, and the puncture process is relatively simple.


Friction drilling Process is a rotating conical tool to penetrate the work piece and create a bushing in a single step without generating chips. This work investigates the finite element modeling (FEM) of large plastic strain and high-temperature work-material deformation in friction drilling. The workmaterial deformation is very large, and both the tool and work piece temperatures are high in friction drilling. Modeling and Simulation is a necessary tool to understand the material flow, temperatures, stresses, and strains, which are difficult to measure experi-mentally during friction drilling. A semi-empirical analytical model based on the contact pressure and measured temperature will be developed to predict the thrust force and torque in friction drilling. The FEM used to analyze the high temperature and large deformation of the work material in friction drilling. In this study, the DEFORM-3D software is used to simulate the behavior of friction drilling Process.


AIM: To compare the clinical effects of glass ionomer cement FX and amalgam in restoring the deciduous molar teeth caries. METHODS: 105 children with either mesial or distal and occlusal caries of deciduous molars of the same name bilaterally were selected. Randomly, the caries of one molar was filled by FX with method of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), the other one with amalgam. The clinical effects after 6 months to 2 years were observed. RESULTS: The success rates of FX and amalgam restorations were 92.92% and 84.07% respectively. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In Comparing with amalgam, glass ionomer cement FX was more effective in restoring deciduous molar teeth caries.


We document how sampling from a conditional Student's t distribution is implemented in stochvol. Moreover, a simple example using EUR/CHF exchange rates illustrates how to use the augmented sampler. We conclude with results and implications. (author's abstract)


—The endothelium controls vascular tone not only by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin but also by other pathways causing hyperpolarization of the underlying smooth muscle cells. This characteristic was at the origin of the denomination endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). We know now that this acronym includes different mechanisms. In general, EDHF-mediated responses involve an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration, the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels of small and intermediate conductance and the hyperpolarization of the endothelial cells. This results in an endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cells, which can be evoked by direct electrical coupling through myo-endothelial junctions and/or the accumulation of potassium ions in the intercellular space. Potassium ions hyperpolarize the smooth muscle cells by activating inward rectifying potassium channels and/or Na ϩ /K ϩ-ATPase. In some blood vessels, including large and small coronary arteries, the endothelium releases arachidonic acid metabolites derived from cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) generated are not only intracellular messengers but also can diffuse and hyperpolarize the smooth muscle cells by activating large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Additionally, the endothelium can produce other factors such as lipoxygenases derivatives or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). These different mechanisms are not necessarily exclusive and can occur simultaneously. E ndothelial cells control the tone of the underlying vas-cular smooth muscle cells by releasing various relaxing and contracting factors. 1 The former include nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin. 2– 4 However, early experimental evidence suggested that, beside the cyclooxygenase and the NO synthase pathways, an additional endothelial pathway(s) had to be involved to fully explain endothelium-dependent relax-ations. 5 This third endothelium-dependent pathway(s) has been observed in numerous blood vessels from different species, including the human. It is associated with the hyperpolarization of the vascular smooth muscle cells and was then attributed to a noncharacterized endothelial factor termed endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). 6,7 The coining of this acronym " EDHF " turned out to be


In the application of the Satorra–Bentler scaling correction, the choices of normal-theory weight matrices (i.e., the model-predicted vs. the sample covariance matrix) in the calculation of the correction remains unclear. Different software programs use different matrices by default. This simulation study investigates the discrepancies due to the weight matrices in the robust chi-square statistics, standard errors, and chi-square-based model fit indexes. This study varies the sample sizes at 100, 200, 500, and 1,000; kurtoses at 0, 7, and 21; and degrees of model misspecification, measured by the population root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), at 0, .03, .05, .08, .10, and .15. The results favor the use of the model-predicted covariance matrix because it results in less false rejection rates under the correctly specified model, as well as more accurate standard errors across all conditions. For the sample-corrected robust RMSEA, comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), 2 matrices result in negligible differences.


The contrast discrimination of Gadus morhua L. was studied by means of a cardiac conditioning technique. Fish were trained to respond to a projected pattern of spots and the contrast of pattern and background then reduced until the minimum contrast required to elicit a response was established. This was repeated at seven different background light levels to cover the range of light conditions naturally encountered by the cod. The minimum detectable contrast decreased with increasing light level to a minimum of around 2.0%. The contrast threshold curve showed a discontinuity at a light level of approximately 8.0 × 10-6 W sr-1 m-2. This was thought to be linked to the change from photopic to scotopic vision. Significant differences were found in cod taken from two different locations. Overall, cod contrast detection compared very favourably with figures available for other species including man. Using the obtained contrast discrimination figures some estimates were made of the cod sighting distance of hypothetical targets under natural conditions.


Six species of Acropimpla Townes, 1960 are recorded from Vietnam, of which three species are described as new: A. lampei sp. nov. from Ea So, Dak Lak Province, Central Highlands of Vietnam, A. mucronis sp. nov. from Cat Tien, Dong Nai Province, South Vietnam, and A. phongdienensis sp. nov. from Phong Dien, Thua Thuen-Hue Province, Central Vietnam. Two species, A. hapaliae (Rao, 1953) and A. taishunensis Liu, He & Chen, 2010 are recorded from Vietnam for the first time.


We prove the Bari-Markus property for spectral projectors of non-self-adjoint Dirac operators on a finite interval with square-integrable matrix-valued potentials and some separated boundary conditions.


Let R be an associative unital ring with an endomorphism α and α-derivation δ. The constant products of elements in Ore extension rings, when the coefficient ring is reversible, is investigated. We show that if f(x) = ∑n i=0 aix i and g(x) = ∑m j=0 bjx j be nonzero elements in Ore extension ring R[x;α, δ] such that g(x)f(x) = c ∈ R, then there exist non-zero elements r, a ∈ R such that rf(x) = ac, when R is an (α, δ)-compatible ring which is reversible. Among applications, we give an exact characterization of the unit elements in R[x;α, δ], when the coeficient ring R is (α, δ)-compatible. Furthermore, it is shown that if R is a weakly 2-primal ring which is (α, δ)-compatible, then J(R[x;α, δ]) = Ni`(R)[x;α, δ]. Some other applications and examples of rings with this property are given, with an emphasis on certain classes of NI rings. As a consequence we obtain generalizations of the many results in the literature. As the final part of the paper we construct examples of rings that explain the limitations of the results obtained and support our main results.


Starting point of the theory of prominence is the observation that the selection of a numerical response is performed by a process of stepwise refinement of a reasonable answer until the available information does not permit a further specification. The procedure starts with a sufficiently high number, and stepwise decides whether to add, subtract or not use the next finer of the set of full step numbers for the presentation, where the full step numbers are {a*10^i: a in {1,2,5}, i integer}. The result is the presentation of a number as sum of full step numbers with coefficients +1, -1, or 0, where every full step number is 'used' at most once. For instance 17=20-5+2, or 24=20+5-1. This presentation is not necessarily unique. Important is the finest full step number used by a presentation. It is denoted as the exactness of the presentation. The exactness of a number is the finest exactness among all presentations of the number. It informs about the crudest level of exactness on which the number can be perceived, i.e. constructed by a response process. - Central tools for the analysis of numerical responses are two types of scales. S(r,a)-scales are based on the observation that subjects adjust relative exactness r, and absolute exactness a to a given type problem or situation. M(i,a)-scales are constructed by starting with the full step numbers, and stepwise inserting the respective 'crudest number' as 'midpoint' between any two neighboured numbers of the preceding scale. Accordingly one obtains scales on the full step, half step, ... level. Both types of scales permit to define perception functions by assuming that the distances of any two neighboured numbers of a scale are equal, i. e. by applying usual interpolation principles. Several lemmata concerning the structure of scales are given.