There are limited adult data suggesting the tachycardia cycle length (TCL) of atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) is shorter than atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), though little data exist in children. We sought to determine if there is a difference in TCL between AVRT and AVNRT in children.


The complex of bathing image in pre-Qin literature went back as far as the primitive mythology,in which created great imagination.Bathing was regarded as the preparation for contact between human and deity,showing the respect for deities.Besides,Bathing constituted the links between sexes,showing the desire for love.This image presented purity entangled with filthy.


As more superficial esophageal cancer (EC) patients are being treated with endoscopic resection (ER), it is important to understand the outcomes, including survival data, of patients who develop metachronous EC and head and neck cancer (HNC). We aimed to evaluate the long‐term surveillance and survival outcomes of metachronous EC and HNC after esophageal ER.


The 'Washington Consensus' supporting competitive frames and market solutions in economics and law was shown inadequate to address social problems in non-U.S. settings. So would diversity and dynamics suggest theories in need of adjustment to other realities such as culture, increasing returns and market power. Reform must account for an economics of falling cost, ecological limits and complementarity in our relations. Such shall open new applications for economics and law.

In this paper a theory of planning horizons is introduced and then employed to raise some meaningful questions about the neoclassical view with respect to its substitution, decreasing returns and independence assumptions. Suppositions of complementarity, increasing returns and interdependence suggest that competition is inefficient by upholding a myopic culture resistant to change. Growth – though long believed to rise from markets and competitive values – may not derive from these sources. Instead, as civilizations advance, shifting from material wants to higher-order intangible output, they evolve from market tradeoffs (substitution and scarcity) into realms of common need (complementarity and abundance). If so, then neoclassical arguments shall no longer apply to any advanced information economy also restrained by its ecology.

Indeed, this paper opens standard theory into a more general framework constructing 'horizon effects' into a case for cooperation – as more efficient than competition for all long-term problems of growth. The case is made that competition is keeping us stupid and immature, rewarding a myopic culture at the expense of learning and trust, therefore retarding economic growth instead of encouraging it as believed.

The policy implications of horizonal theory are explored, with respect to regulatory aims and economic concerns. Such an approach emphasizes strict constraints against entry barriers, ecological harm, market power abuse and ethical lapses. Social cohesion – not competition – is sought as a means to extend horizons and thereby increase efficiency, equity and ecological health. The overriding importance of horizon effects for regulatory assessment dominates other orthodox standards in economics and law. In sum, much of the reason for the failure of the Washington Consensus stems from myopic concerns central to any horizonal view. Reframing economics along horizonal lines suggests some meaningful insight to how regulations should be designed to keep pace with this approach in economics and law.


Oj`eefives. This study tested the hypothesis that nonviable myocardium can be identified by quantitative measurements of regional myocardial blood How obtained using positron emission tomography in conjunction with a mathematical model of nitrogen-13 (N-13) ammonia tracer kinetics . Background. Under steady state basal conditions there is a minimal level of blood flow required to sustain myoo-irdial whIMity . Therefore, the hypothesis predicts that regions with flow below a certain threshold are likely to be composed primarily of sear. Methods. Studies were conducted in 26 patients with chronic myocardial infarction . Positron emission tomographic measurements of basal regional myocardial blood flow (N-13 ammonia) and fluorine-18 (F-18) fluorodeoxyglucose uptake were made and correlated with information about coronary anatomy and regional wall motion to assess myocardial viability . Results . In patients with chronic myocardial infarction, normal zone blood flow (0 .81 ± 0.32 ml/min per g [mean ± SD]) was greater (p < 0 .02) than that of border zones (0 .59 ± 0.29 mllmin


Let. This article considers the following degenerate semilinear parabolic initial-boundary value problem, where be constants. We obtained the blow up set and find the conditions of single point blow-up.


The current emphasis on national standards is distracting us from larger social problems that must be addressed, Ms. Noddings cautions. Reasonable, well-intentioned people often disagree about the wisdom and usefulness of national standards as a strategy for education reform. None of us would argue in favor of low standards or no standards, but some of us fear that the concept of standards has not been analyzed carefully enough to warrant establishing national standards, that proponents of such standards have not fully considered the possibility of undesirable consequences, and that many closely associated issues, consideration of which might counsel a different role for government, have largely been ignored. What Is a Standard? Even staunch supporters of national standards admit that there is considerable confusion about the idea of a standard.(1) Some see a standard as a flag of sorts - something to rally around. Others see it as a goal to be reached, and still others see it as a description of various proficiency levels. In this last sense, a standard is a norm for quality control. Perhaps the clearest statement comes from Diane Ravitch, who describes three interrelated categories of standards: content (or curriculum) standards, performance standards, and opportunity-to-learn standards. Content standards describe "what teachers are supposed to teach and students are expected to learn."(2) Immediately, a matter that concerns many thoughtful educators arises. This innocent-sounding statement moves us too hastily past an important educational debate. Must students learn everything that teachers teach, or should the curriculum be rich in opportunities for the cooperative construction of learning objectives? Many of us who regard ourselves as good teachers provide much more than we expect students to learn, and we are often pleased and surprised when they learn things we hadn't anticipated. Of course, there are some things that we think all students should know as a result of taking a particular course, but specifying exactly which things is a task requiring considerable thought, and the list we construct for all students will properly be much shorter than lists we create or eventually report for each student; we recognize that students have varying interests and capabilities. My main point here is that a simple statement that equates what teachers should teach with what students are expected to learn cuts short what should be a rich and complex educational debate. "Performance standards define degrees of mastery or levels of attainment."(3) We are familiar with performance standards from sports from the commercial world of various instruments and appliances, and from licensing tests. Advocates of performance standards for schoolchildren neglect the fact that the performance standards for athletes and professionals are established for those who choose to take part in competitions or to enter certain fields. They require a voluntary commitment. K-12 education, by contrast, is compulsory. Students will use their educations for very different purposes; they are not voluntarily entering a particular field of endeavor. This is not to say that there are no skills that should be universally possessed at some level of proficiency, but it is not clear which ones should be specified, and whatever is specified for all is likely to be pathetically puny in contrast to what could be suggested if relevant differences in talents, plans, affiliations, and interests were taken into account. Any set of standards rich enough for a particular student will contain items unnecessary for many, and any set designed realistically for all will, paradoxically, be inadequate for anyone considered individually. I'll return to this problem in the next section, where I'll discuss some undesirable outcomes that may well emerge from the standards movement. Opportunity-to-learn (OTL) standards "define the availability of programs, staff, and other resources that schools, districts, and states provide so that students are able to meet challenging content and performance standards. …


ABSTRACT Far-infrared and terahertz spectroscopy of ferroelectric soft and central modes in thin films on substrates is reviewed. In addition to classical displacive proper ferroelectrics, also incipient and relaxor ferroelectrics and multiferroics are discussed. Special attention is paid to differences between the soft-mode behavior in thin films and bulk materials (ceramics and single crystals) and their influence on the low-frequency permittivity. Particularly the effects of the thin film strains and depolarizing electric fields of the probing waves on the grain boundaries are emphasized. The soft-mode spectroscopy is shown to be a very sensitive tool to reveal the thin film quality.


Although there have been many studies on the notion of crony capitalism, very few of them systematically investigated the costs of capitalism for nations. Academic works on crony capitalism published in Vietnam are rarer, and almost none examines these costs. The purpose of the study is to introduce and thoroughly analyze the costs of crony capitalism for Asian countries and Vietnam. Using the classification of Enderwick, the findings of the study point out the adverse effects of capitalism under four main types of costs: Allocative Inefficiency, Dynamic Inefficiency, Corruption and Transaction Costs, and Social and Political Instability. The study also provides some implications in order to minimize these costs. 30 Nguyễn Kiều Dũng. Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 13(1), 29-42


To deal with the too much data will be handled before building the prediction model,even more the precision of the prediction model will be lowed due to lots of factors,the BP neural network model based on principal component analysis(PCA) is proposed.Firstly,the principal and the procedures of PCA are introduced.Secondly,the original data recorded by Han Zhong area between 1974 and 1997 is analyzed by PCA and the main factors which lead to the wheat stripe rust are gotten.Finally,the obtained key components are used as input nodes of the BP neural network to predict the epidemicity of wheat stripe rust in Han Zhong area from 1994 to 1997.Compared with another BP neural network which uses the full factors lead to the wheat stripe rust,the results indicate that the model could predict the wheat stripe rust quickly and precisely,and decrease the damage effectively.


Based on the research and development of Web-EDI, the database object is created by the system automatically.SQL*LOADER and OCI are adopted as the database manipulative tools. The above technology in EXTEDI development is introduced.


The Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale (SBN) is a network connecting more than 1,000 Italian libraries in different sectors, whose combined records constitute a physical union catalogue with 9 million holdings. Since May 1997 users have had free access to this catalogue on the Internet as an OPAC; the average daily number of users is now more than 100,000. In 2000 the Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico delle biblioteche italiane (ICCU), which manages the SBN, activated a portal to simplify searching and provide a view of SBN's services and databases; these include integrated search and retrieval services from various Italian and foreign archives (of libraries, museums, digital databases). It is also possible to request interlibrary loans and document delivery (if available, in electronic format), and to access records of the Register of Italian Libraries and of the Census of 16th Century Italian Printed Books. The portal offers new public services on the cultural heritage that are user-friendly and that incorporate technological developments that are compliant with international standards for the Internet and tested in the framework of European projects.


The invention discloses an intelligent crop production measurement and control system based on the Internet of Things, which comprises an information collection terminal, an information transmission terminal and an intelligent control terminal. Compared with the prior art, efficient and accurate farmland management can be achieved based on the Internet of Things, and the three functions of full sensing, reliable transmission and intelligent processing can also be achieved.


Modern embedded systems are often severely resource-constrained. In current research, the reduction of dynamic power has been the focus. However, with increased chip speed and density in submicron scale, the static (leakage) power consumption has become an increasingly significant fraction of the total. Indeed, a five-fold increase in leakage power per technology generation has been observed. At this pace, leakage power could soon equal dynamic power. In this paper, we investigate scheduling policies to reduce leakage power in real-time systems. We show that with simple scheduling techniques, overall leakage energy can be reduced by an order of magnitude.


The Warring States went through great social transformations.In order to seek hegemony,almost all the states implemented successive social reforms in varying degrees.The Kingdom of Wei(魏国)initiated the reform movement,which was followed by other states in succession.The reason why Wei took the lead in carrying out reform is as follows:the subjective purpose of enriching the country and strengthening its military force,the narrow geographic areas,the influences of reform tradition of Jin(晋国),the assurance of stable political situation and the support from the founder of Wei,namely Wei Wenhou(魏文侯).


Suffusion is a process in which particles are removed from pores and transported through the pore constrictions of a solid skeleton. The quantitative analysis of the suffusion process at the particle scale is difficult, because it is not necessarily clear which part of the particles forms the solid skeleton, and which part can be removed. Furthermore, there is the enormous number and various shapes of particles. Therefore, existing computational programs based on DEM often take days to create and to compute a pore model for this problem. This paper presents a new approach based on simple sphere packing with three acceptable assumptions, namely the occurrence of only spherical particles, the assumption of a minimum number of contacts with neighbouring particles, and the substitution of the fraction of small particles of a soil with a non-spherical body. By introduction of the second assumption the calculation speed is significantly improved. Furthermore, three filling types are introduced in the model, which are random, descending and layer-wise. The new approach allows the investigation of the relationship between porosity and probability of suffusion. The contribution will introduce a further understanding on primary fabrics size and point out difficulties in application of filter criterion for suffusion assessment according to the German guideline [MSD, 2005].


I Summary - A simple method of calculating the daily survival rate [or mortality) of a female tsetse population is described, based on the geometric mean survival per ovarian cycle of an age-graded sample and the duration of the interlarval period. The method was applied to samples from three tsetse species and compared with survivorship curve estimates. The validity of the method when applied to biased samples is discussed.


Anion exchange membranes (AEM) are solid polymer electrolytes that facilitate ion transport in fuel cells. In this study, a polystyrene-b-poly(vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium) diblock copolymer was evaluated as potential AEM and compared with the equivalent homopolymer blend. The diblock had a 92% conversion of reactive sites with an IEC of 1.72 ± 0.05 mmol g−1, while the blend had a 43% conversion for an IEC of 0.80 ± 0.03 mmol g−1. At 50°C and 95% relative humidity, the chloride conductivity of the diblock was higher, 24–33 mS cm−1, compared with the blend, 1–6 mS cm−1. The diblock displayed phase separation on the length scale of 100 nm, while the blend displayed microphase separation (∼10 μm). Mechanical characterization of films from 40 to 90 microns thick found that elasticity and elongation decreased with the addition of cations to the films. At humidified conditions, water acted as a plasticizer to increase film elasticity and elongation. While the polystyrene-based diblock displayed sufficient ionic conductivity, the films' mechanical properties require improvement, i.e., greater elasticity and strength, before use in fuel cells. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41596.


An organ specific protein (NP) has been isolated from the goat brain by salt fractionation and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antiserum against this protein gave immunological cross reaction with the brain extracts of a wide variety of animals but did not react with extracts of liver, lung, kidney, spleen, heart and blood. Similar proteins have also been found to be present in monkey brain and human astrocytomas in culture. Evidence is presented to show that it is a ribonucleoprotein. This is based on the following observations: (1) its absorption characteristics before and after RNase treatment, (2) chemical analysis showing the presence of ribose, purines and pyrimidines, (3) incorporation of radioactive uridine and lysine in monkey brain and in human astrocytomas in culture into a protein band having electrophoretic mobility and immunological characteristics analogous to NP protein.


A soluble enzyme functioning as an iodide-peroxidase and tyrosine-iodinase complex has been prepared from sheep thyroid tissue. The enzyme is detached from cell particles by chymotrypsin digestion in the presence of deoxycholate, followed by a butanol and acetone extraction procedure. It can be purified by diethyl-amino-ethyl cellulose column chromatography. During preparation specific activity of the enzyme is enhanced fiftyfold. The enzyme appears to be a basic protein which does not contain a porphyrin group. It has no cytochrome oxidase activity. Iodinase activity is thermolabile, and dependent on an H2O2 source. Under suitable conditions the enzyme forms both diiodotyrosine and monoiodotyrosine from soluble tyrosines, and iodinates proteins. Tyrosine and monoiodotyrosine are its only well-defined amino acid substrates. Methimazole behaves in the enzyme assay system as a strict competitive inhibitor of iodide.


The author overviews new methods in endoscopic surgery and considers 3D-simulation for pre-surgical planning and intraoperative positioning. Due regard is given to features of working at da Vinci robot-aided surgery system, methods of surgery via special tools, clinical aspects of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), and single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS).


Renewable Energy Harvesting is needed to meet the increasing worlds demand for fossil fuel energy, the reduction rate of conventional energy sources must be reduced. Currently, many of techniques are available but with less effectiveness. These techniques result in a long payback period of investments. Present work is an investigation of various aspects of convective heat transfer enhancement using pin fins, Corrugated Tubes, and Twisted Tapes for recovery of Industrial waste heat and its integration with Renewable Energy such as Solar Energy. TRNSYS 16 is used to validate new energy concepts, from simple domestic hot water systems to the design and simulation of Integrated Waste heat Recovery system, including control strategies and alternative energy systems. Integrated Waste Heat Recovery System using Pin Fins, a corrugated tube with twisted tape heat Exchangers and with Flat Plate Solar Collector is having a significant effect on the overall efficiency of the power plant increases by 10.5-18.8% for various Load Conditions.


In order to select out groundcover rose that could had a good ornamental value and adaptability in Lanzhou area,11 kinds of 2 years old groundcover rose that were introduced from Nanyang in Henan province about character performance,annual growth and overwintering ability were studied and comprehensive evaluated.The results showed that 8 fine-quality varieties and 'Scarlet Meidi lang','Bassino','Bose Carpet','Love flame','By a number','Royal Bassino','Hud handsome husband' and 'Purple Msi' could be suitable for planting in Lanzhou Area.It would provide some evidence for popularization and application of groundcover rose in urban greening of Lanzhou area.


Since the advent of pairing based cryptography, much research has been done on the efficient computations of elliptic curve pairings with even embedding degrees. However, little work has been done on the cases of odd embedding degrees and the existing few are to be improved. Thus, Fouotsa & al. have lead on the computation of optimal ate pairings on elliptic curves of embedding degrees k = 9; 15 and 27 which have twists of order three in [1]. According to our research, work does not exist on the case of embedding degree k = 21. This paper considers the computation of optimal ate pairings on elliptic curves of embedding degree k = 21 which have twists of order three too. Mainly, we provide a detailed arithmetic and cost estimation of operations in the tower field of the corresponding extension fields. Using the lattice-based method, we obtained good results of the final exponentiation and improved the theoretical cost for the Miller step at the 192-bits security level.


This paper continues an earlier study by S. A. Maslowe of inviscid asymmetric disturbances to flow with rotation along a pipe. It is shown that there is a class of neutral modes with a critical layer near the wall of the pipe when the azimuthal wavenumber is large and negative. Analytic and numerical properties of these modes are studied and found to lead to consistent results, notable among which is the severe singularity in the disturbance velocity at the critial level. Some of the properties of the most unstable modes are also examined.


Closure calculus is simpler than pure lambda-calculus as it does not mention free variables or index manipulation, variable renaming, implicit substitution, or any other meta-theory. Further, all programs, even recursive ones, can be expressed as normal forms. Third, there are reduction-preserving translations to calculi built from combinations of operators, in the style of combinatory logic. These improvements are achieved without sacrificing three fundamental properties of lambda-calculus, being a confluent rewriting system, supporting the Turing computable numerical functions, and supporting simple typing.


Using feminist extensions of Marxist theory, this article argues that a Marxist-feminist theory of adult learning offers a significant contribution to feminist pedagogical debates concerning the nature of experience and learning. From this theoretical perspective, the individual and the social are understood to exist in a mutually determining relationship, with a social world conceptualized as active human practice. The primary theoretical task is then to rearticulate the central relations of adult learning theory (the individual, the social, and experience), which necessitates a dialectical formation of social difference and oppression. This allows for an examination of the reification of experience as a core relation of adult learning theory and a reimagining of feminist praxis.


Copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) is a prototype ternary compound and group I–III–VI semiconductor with useful optoelectronic properties. CuInSe2 nanocrystals have been of significant interest because of their size-tunable optical properties and lack of toxic heavy metals. Because of the particular vacancy and antisite substitutional point defects in CuInSe2, large stoichiometric deviations can be tolerated, sometimes leading to the so-called ordered vacancy compounds (OVCs). Here, we use Raman spectroscopy of oleylamine-capped CuInSe2 nanocrystals and ab initio lattice dynamics modeling to study the concentration and arrangements of (2vCu– + InCu2+) defect pairs in the nanocrystals. The nanocrystals have randomly distributed defect pairs that become mobile under light excitation and accumulate, as in OVCs, along the [100] direction. Because the high concentration of vacancies in CuInSe2 nanocrystals is compensated by InCu2+ antisite defects, these nanocrystals do not exhibit an optical plasmon resonance...


ABSTRACT
 While Bitran and Tan (2013. Diaspora Nation: An Inquiry into the Economic Potential of Diaspora Networks in Canada. Toronto: Mowat Centre, University of Toronto, 8) believe that Canada (Turtle Island) is a 'diaspora nation', it is also evident that Canada as a settler colonial state has deeply rooted systemic and blatant forms of racism that have historically victimized and otherized diasporic communities of colour for the purpose of maintaining and perpetuating White hegemony. Even though cultural diversity and diasporic identities are often hailed to have underpinned Canadian 'multiculturalism', the aforementioned contradiction unravels the discourse or intent of multiculturalism in Canada – a country not fostering inclusivity, equality and justice for all the marginalized populations – but quite strikingly the opposite – the politics of Whiteness undergirded by the legacy of settler colonialism, historically. The identity of Canada as a country embracing 'multiculturalism' has a deeply rooted history of settler colonialism and its devastating consequences on Indigenous peoples living in this land for thousands of years before the arrival of White European settlers. And, of course, a plethora of studies have been done concerning those issues of racism, multiculturalism, settle colonialism and so forth in Canada. Similarly, a number of studies do exist that explore numerous diasporic identities based on their countries of origin. However, in this essay, I explore intersectional nature of three broad diasporic identities – Indigenous, Black and immigrant peoples of colour in Canada – who have common and intersecting experiences of forced/voluntary dispersal, homelessness, cultural alienation, marginalization, and so forth. Based on the intersecting experiences, the diasporas in Canada can ramp up an effective alliance to fight the injustices caused by White people through various institutions and state apparatuses. In order to critically examine the intersectionality of the three overarching diasporas and their issues, the essay uses Critical Race Theoretical (CRT) approach of intersectionality, postcolonial as well as Indigenous perspective to better understand how the diasporas are nuanced and interrelated despite their unique issues and existential characteristics. Similarly, viewing the diasporic intersection in Canada from critical race theoretical notion of intersectionality together with Indigenous perspective offers an understanding on how different diasporas in Canada and elsewhere share similar historical experiences and, at the same time, forge solidarity for their common good. On the one hand, the diasporic convergence with Indigenous peoples in it (re)fashions the Native space as an equitable space grounded on traditional Indigenous metaphor of common pot – inclusivity, renewal, mutual respect and responsibility, and on the other, it also highlights the necessity of critically (re)examining diasporas in Turtle Island by considering Indigeneity as an integral part of the discourse – study of diasporas not in isolation with Indigenous peoples, but as intersectional identities, so to speak.


Cu-doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized by sol-gel method using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate, methenamine and cupric acetate monohydrate as precursors. The as-synthesized ZnO nanorods have a twin-rod structure. The polar (002) surface of ZnO nanorods, which could be either negatively charge (O-terminated) or positively charged (Zn-terminated), was responsible for the formation of twin-rod structure. The results showed that the size, aspect ratio, crystallinity and c-lattice parameter of Cu doped ZnO nanorods decreased with increasing of Cu dopant concentration. In fact, the presence of Cu retarded the growth of ZnO nanorods in its preferred growth direction, i.e. (0001). The XPS analysis indicates that Cu ions were oxidized (Cu2+) and substituted into the ZnO lattice at the Zn2+ site. The presence of Cu reduced the optical bandgap of ZnO from 3.34 eV (undoped ZnO nanorods) to 3.31 eV (20 mol% Cu doped ZnO). Besides, it induced a visible PL emission at 2.97 eV, which could be related to the transition of electrons from conduction band (Ec) to Cu acceptor energy level (Ev + 0.45 eV) radiatively.


The effects of 0.3 mol/L,0.6 mol/L,1.0 mol/L sodium chlorine stress on viable cell count,cell morphology,glucose metabolism,pH and cell total protein of beer yeast were studied.The cytokinetics results indicated that with the increase of sodium chlorine,osmotic stress aggravated and the cells contracted.Compared to the contrast,0.6 mol/L NaCl and 1.0 mol/L NaCl stress extended logarithmic phase and deferred glucose consumption rate.Meanwhile in 2~4 h and 6~8 h glucose consumption appeared to stagnate,but have no influence on cell proliferation.As for physiology acceptation range,0.3 mol/L NaCl basically has no any effect on yeast biomass,glucose metabolism and pH.The results indicated that the strain had better osmophilic ability.With the increase of NaCl,osmotic stress aggravated and osmotic protein began to express.


Abstract In this paper we study parametric optimal control problems governed by a nonlinear parabolic equation in divergence form. The parameter appears in all the data of the problem, including the partial differential operator. Using as tools the G-convergence of operators and the Γ-convergence of functionals, we show that the set-valued map of optimal pairs is upper semicontinuous with respect to the parameter and the optimal value function responds continuously to changes of the parameter. Finally in the case of semilinear systems we show that our framework can also incorporate systems with weakly convergent coefficients.


Anvillea radiata is a medicinal plant that has been used in traditional phytotherapy in North Africa as a treatment for various illnesses. In this study, we aim to explore the antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Anvillea radiata (EOAR) collected in Morocco. EOAR was extracted by the hydrodistillation method, and the phytochemical identification was carried out by gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, ferricyanide method (FRAP) as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Antifungal and antibacterial properties were determined by use of the disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays. The microbial strains used in the antimicrobial evaluation were: Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282), Aspergillus flavus (MTCC 9606), Fusarium oxysporum (MTCC 9913), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATB 97/BGM), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6633), Bacillus subtills (DSM 6333), and Escherichia coli (ATB 57/B6N). Based on in silico simulations, the inhibitory power of EOAR against nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) was evaluated. The yield of the oil was 0.96% wherein 12 compounds were identified including α-cuprenene (33.48%) camphor (21.41%) and α-himachalene (15.88%) as major compounds. The antioxidant capacity showed an IC50 of 32.36 µg/mL (DPPH) and an EC-50 value of 64.60 ± 3.71 µg/mL in the FRAP assay. The total antioxidant capacity showed a concentration of 977.51 ± 22.38 µg AAE/mg (TAC). As for the antimicrobial effects, the inhibition diameter of the studied bacteria ranged from 23.50 ± 2.31 to mm 29.50 ± 2.21 mm, while for fungi, ranged from 25.12 ± 2.82 mm to 11.42 ± 1.90 mm. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged from 12.71 ± 1.59 µg/mL to 23.53 ± 0.78 µg/mL for bacterial strains and 10.31 ± 1.34 µg/mL to 22.75 ± 1.06 µg/mL for fungal strains. In silico, among all Anvillea radiata essential oils analyzed, the sesquiterpene γ-dehydro-ar-himachalene, monoterpenoid phenol carvacrol, as well as sesquiterpene α-cadinene were the most active compounds against NADPH oxidase with a glide score of −6.233, −6.082, and −5.057 Kcal/mol, respectively. Taken together, these data showed that EOAR exhibited enormous significance as an antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial agent.


OF THE DISSERTATION LNIUJNOCYTES OF THE ATLANTIC BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) AND WEST INDIAN MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MA NATUS LATIROSTRIS): MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATIONS AND CORRELATIONS BETWEEN HEALTHY AND DISEASE STATES UNDER FREE-RANGING AND CAPTIVE CONDITIONS by Gregory D. Bossart, V.M.D. Florida International University, 1995 Professor Charles Bigger, Major Professor Interest in the health of marine mammals has increased due, in part, to the attention given to human impact on the marine environment. Recent mass strandings of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and rising mortalities of the endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) have raised questions on the extent to which pollution, infectious disease, "stress," and captivity influence the immune system of these animals. This study has provided the first in-depth characterization of immunocytes in the peripheral blood of dolphins (n=180) and manatees (n=56). Immunocyte morphology and baseline values were determined in clinically normal animals under free-ranging, stranded and captive living conditions as well as by age and sex. Additionally, immuocyte population dynamics were characterized in sick animals. This was


Purpose: To evaluate the Outcome of Anterior cervical corpectomy & Fusion in multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with Ossification Posterior Longitudinal Ligament & kyphotic deformity. Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the adult. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a hyperostotic condition of the spine, where the PLL becomes progressively calcified, leading to spinal canal stenosis. Anterior decompression by corpectomy and removal of ossified posterior longitudinal ligament is a well-recognized technique for decompressing the cervical spine. The involved vertebral body/bodies are removed and after assuring adequate decompression, titanium mesh cage filled with autogenous bone graft is placed in the gap with reinforcement by anterior cervical locking plate and screw. Materials & Method: Retrospectively we reviewed 15 cases from 2010 to 2021 of CSM with OPLL and kyphotic deformity. All the patients with positive MRI & CT scan findings and underwent ACCF by mesh cage with bone graft. Neurological improvement was assessed by the Nurick Score , improvement of pain control by VAS score, fusion rate by Bridwell's criteria & Overall functional assessment by modified Odom's score . Results: Total number of patients was 15. Average age was 60 years (range 35-85). Average follow-up period was 18 months. Post-operatively, Nurick scores improved by grade 1 in 7 patients, grade 2 in 5 patients, grade 3 in 2 patients, and grade 4 in 1 patient. In our series we have no chair bound or bedridden patients after surgery. There was no difference in myelopathy outcomes comparing patients older and younger than 75 years . There was no radiographic progression after surgery. But, more than 90% patients had kyphotic correction of 10-20ͦ respectively. Conclusion: ACCF is a safe and effective method in treating the CSM with correction of few degrees of kyphotic deformity. Keywords: ACCF, Mesh cage, Locking plate


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The characteristics of blossoming and seed bearing of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda stand were studied in the paper. The results showed that: The distribution of blooming stand was sporadic and spotted,and blooming area was 62~667 m2 per plot. In addition,the area of blossoming stands would be larger and larger year by year. Blooming date started in the last ten days of March, flourishing blooming date began in the early part of April and seed maturating was in the last ten days of April, then the ramet tended to be dead. The rhizomes of blossoming clone changed the color from bright yellow to henna and puce,afterwards it began to rot gradually. The phenomena of sporadic blosso- ming was a synthesis representation of earlier blossoming because one or several clones lacked nutri- tion resulted from locally repeated jamming,but it followed the periodicity theory as a prerequisite.


In plants, the existence of protein complexes has been well documented for primary metabolic pathways. However, little evidence supporting the formation of multienzyme complexes or so-called metabolons in plant secondary metabolism is available. Also many of the regulatory mechanisms that steer the production of secondary metabolites still need to be fully elucidated. Here, we used a proteomics approach (Blue Native/SDS-PAGE and tandem affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry (TAP-MS)) to investigate the occurrence, composition and dynamics of protein complexes and to identify new players in both metabolic and regulatory pathways involved in plant secondary metabolism. For the monolignol biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis, the cytosolic enzymes PAL1, PAL2 and CAD4 appeared to form multimeric complexes, while the CYP450 enzymes C4H and C3H1 seemed to be involved in a large, ER-associated protein complex. Moreover, an esterase/lipase/thioesterase (ELT) of unknown function and a CYP450 enzyme involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis, were shown to copurify both with C4H and C3H1. TAP-MS analysis of a set of key players of the jasmonate (JA) signalling cascade showed that this pathway involved the formation of dynamic protein complexes of which the composition changed upon treatment with JA. Furthermore, a number of new players involved in JA signalling was discovered. JAZ1 was shown to interact with a previously uncharacterized protein NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ (NINJA), which in its turn recruited the co-repressor TOPLESS to the JA signalling module. We could further demonstrate that the RING E3 ligase KEEP ON GOING (KEG), involved in abscissic acid (ABA) signalling, interacts with the Jas domain of a subset of JAZ proteins. Moreover, mutant analysis suggested a role for KEG as a negative regulator in JA signalling. These findings underscore the relevance of protein complexes both in the regulatory- and the biosynthetical pathways of plant secondary metabolism. Insight in the composition and formation of these complexes could be valuable for the development of biotechnological applications that boost or alter the production of secondary metabolites.


External regulatory and normative pressures from both the Chinese central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) program and public participation can act together to influence corporate environmental governance behavior. This research uses the multiperiod Difference-In-Differences method to test the compound impact of CEPI and public participation on corporate environmental governance strategies and investigate the underlying influence mechanisms. The results show that CEPI and public participation have a positive compound effect on the corporate "source-control" strategy. A reasonable reduction in pollution charges and increased environmental subsidies are essential to stimulate the green innovation potential of heavily polluting firms. Our research helps clarify the game relationship between the central and the local governments and analyzes how the relationship between the government, the public, and corporates affects environmental governance, thereby advancing principal-agent theory and expanding the current research on institutional pressures and corporate environmental governance.


A sample of 6- to 13-year-old clinic-referred (n = 136} and volunteer (n = 30) participants was investigated for a potential interaction between the quality of parenting that a child receives and callous-unemotional traits in the child for predicting conduct problems. Ineffective parenting was associated with conduct problems only in children without significant levels of callous (e.g., lack of empathy, manipulativeness) and unemotional (e.g., lack of guilt, emotional constrictedness) traits. In contrast, children high on these traits exhibited a significant number of conduct problems, regardless of the quality of parenting they experienced. Results are interpreted in the context of a model that proposes that callous-unemotional traits designate a group of children with conduct problems who have distinct causal factors involved in the development of their problematic behavior. Hare, Harpur, and their colleagues developed a two-factor model of psychopathy that has been shown to be useful for studying severe and chronic patterns of adult antisocial behavior (Hare, Hart, & Harpur, 1991; Harpur, Hare, & Hakstian, 1989). The model specifies two partially independent psychological dimensions: One dimension includes the interpersonal characteristics (such as superficial charm, callous use of others, absence of empathy) and emotional style (absence of guilt, shallow emotions, lack of anxiety) that have been hallmarks of the psychopathic personality (see Cleckley, 1976; McCord & McCord, 1964). The second dimension includes the unstable and antisocial lifestyle (such as multiple marriages, poor employment history, multiple arrests, aggression) that defines antisocial personality disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Several studies have shown that these two dimensions are separable through factor analysis and, more importantly, they have different correlates that could suggest divergent etiologies (Hare et al., 1990; Harpur, Hakstian, & Hare, 1988; Harpur et al., 1989). This two-factor model was tested in clinic-referr ed children and, consistent with the findings in adult samples, two separable psychological dimensions emerged in factor analyses (Prick, O'Brien, Wootton, & McBurnett, 1994). One dimension involved a callous-unemotional (CU) interpersonal style, and the second dimension involved poor impulse control and conduct problems. This second dimension was highly associated with traditional behavioral definitions of conduct problems such as definitions of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder (CD) from the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and


We compare the level zero part of the type of a representation of GL(n) over a non-archimedean local field with the tame part of its Langlands parameter restricted to inertia. By normalizing this comparison, we construct canonical $\beta$-extensions of maximal simple characters.


We present new methods to protect maximum run-length constrained sequences against random and burst errors and to avoid error propagation. Specific parallel conversion techniques and enumerative coding algorithms for the transformation of binary user information into constrained codewords are proposed. The new schemes are simple and very efficient. The methods can be used for synchronization in communication systems and for modulation coding in magnetic and optical recording systems.


Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the world. The expression level of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) is an important diagnostic factors for breast cancer. ER-α is a 66 kDa, ligand-induced transcription factor [1]. Tamoxifen has been proven as a successful treatment for ER-positive breast cancer for decades; however some breast tumors are finally resistant to tamoxifen therapy. The molecular mechanisms underlying tamoxifen resistance is still largely unknown.


A bar c e l l i n the form of an i s o s c e l e s t r a p e z o i d s u i t a b l e f o r s o l u t i o n of two dimensional problems i s introduced i n v o l v i n g two new concepts, one that of overlapping bars and the other of a v a r i a b l e angle parameter. Based on the I d e n t i t y of corner displacements of the c e l l and a s i m i l a r l y shaped piece of p l a t e i n c o n d i t i o n s of uniform s t r e s s , expressions f o r the bar areas are derived i n terms of Poisson's r a t i o , the geometry of the c e l l and a v a r i a b l e angle parameter. The s t i f f n e s s matrix of the c e l l i s d e r i v e d f u r t h e r by combining d i f f e r e n t displacement modes. Two methods of c a l c u l a t i n g s t r e s s e s , one by the nodal displacements and the other by the nodal force concentrations, are described. Two examples i n v o l v i n g a r e c t a n g u l a r p l a t e and a p a r t i a l s ector of a c i r c u l a r p l a t e i l l u s t r a t e the a p p l i c a t i o n of the f i n i t e element method using t r a p e z o i d a l bar as w e l l as no-bar c e l l s and t h e i r r e s u l t s are compared with the exact e l a s t i c i t y s o l u t i o n .


A retrospective observational study evaluated the risk factors for pre-slaughter losses (i.e. animal deaths occurring during transport and lairage) and their economic impact in Italian heavy pigs (~160 kg bodyweight). Of the 3 344 730 pigs transported, 1780 (0.053%) died before slaughter, with most losses occurring during transport (56.6%). The estimated economic impact was of 424 000 €. The percentage of batches with at least one animal lost pre-slaughter increased during summer (P < 0.001). The proportion of pre-slaughter losses was higher when journey lasted more than 90 min (P < 0.001) and was positively correlated with transport duration (P < 0.01). Losses were higher (P < 0.01) in batches transported at low stocking densities (i.e. when heavier pigs were transported). Batches with lower slaughtering order (i.e. longer lairage time) had higher proportions of losses (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of a given batch to have at least one animal lost pre-slaughter were 1.32 times higher for batches slaughtered in summer, 1.54 times higher if journey durations exceeded 90 min, 1.25 times higher for batches with low slaughtering order, and not significantly influenced by stocking density during transport.


The other implication is obviously true. There are many different proofs, but as noted in a recent article [2]: Farkas' lemma is still considered a "pedagogical annoyance" because some parts of it are easy to verify while the main result cannot be proved in an elementary way. There exist short algebraic proofs, e.g., [5, p. 44], but as the author notes: they do not make clear why the theorem "works". (The original proof of Farkas [3] was also purely algebraic, although longer.) On the other hand, there exist intuitive proofs using orthogonal projections to the convex cone K generated by a1,.. ., ak; see [1], [4], [6]. However, there are two difficulties with this approach:


The estimation of stratigraphic completeness is an essential step in stratigraphic analysis. Stratigraphic successions should therefore always be sampled in the field in ways that make completeness estimation feasible. The use of conventional measured sections is liable to lead to estimation problems, because data from measured sections are prone to distortion by what is here termed "spatio‐temporal masking": an effect by which variation that is primarily spatial in its nature masks variation that is primarily temporal. This paper describes the origin and significance of spatio‐temporal masking and then uses a simulation of stratigraphic space‐time diagrams to investigate the degree to which spatio‐temporal masking distorts completeness estimates. The simulation shows that a succession's completeness can only be estimated successfully from measured sections that have appropriately sized field sampling areas; the simulation also shows how to determine the appropriate sizes of sampling area for different types of successions. This paper uses a more general definition of completeness than is customary: the completeness of a succession is defined as the proportion of that succession's space‐time diagram that is not made up of erosion. This definition lets completeness estimation be treated as a standard problem in stereology and lets existing completeness estimation techniques be modified to give practical solutions to this problem.


Moderately reduced graphene oxide (GO) films were fabricated by simple and fast thermal treatment of solution processed GO, and their application as an alternative to conventional Pt counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was investigated. GO without thermal treatment and thermally treated GO at 150 ◦C showed low efficiency of ∼0.5%, whereas cell performance was significantly improved by applying thermal treatment over 250 ◦C. In particular, the DSSC with GO thermally treated at 350 ◦C


<zdoi;10.1097/ALN.0000000000002121> Anesthesiology, V 128 • No 4 700 April 2018 E XPOSURE of young animals to most clinicallyutilized anesthetics in sufficient doses changes brain structure and affects cognition and behavior in later life. The question of whether these findings can be translated to children has spurred numerous studies, reviews of these studies, and commentaries. In the current issue, two of the leading investigators in this field provide an excellent critical review of the literature about children, including recent studies that have contributed significantly to our understanding.1 As rightly noted by the review authors, the concerns about whether anesthetics may be "neurotoxic" in children, and indeed the Food and Drug Administration's warning about the potential neurotoxic effects of most anesthetics,2 were driven primarily by observations in animals, not by an "obvious clinical problem." Concerns about adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes after major neonatal and cardiac surgery are longstanding, but any such effects were typically attributed to the underlying conditions necessitating surgery and other perioperative factors, rather than anesthesia, per se. The potential for relatively short-term postoperative changes in behavior is well recognized,3 but few suspected that anesthesia itself could have long-term neurodevelopmental effects. This lack of suspicion has been used to argue against any significant effects of anesthesia exposure, as surely if this was a real problem, then we would have noticed it by now.4 Why have we not, other than the possibility that there is no problem? First, there are multiple examples in which concerns about the toxicity of a chemical arose first from laboratory observations, and were then confirmed in children, in the absence of an obvious clinical problem.5 One particularly tasty example is prenatal exposure to licorice candy. Glycyrrhizin in licorice inhibits a placental enzyme that maintains relatively low fetal levels of glucocorticoids. In animal models, the resulting fetal glucocorticoid overexposure produces, among other things, deficits in learning and memory, as well as increased anxiety behaviors. The potential clinical significance of this observation, first made in animals, was supported in a longitudinal cohort study finding that high licorice consumption in pregnancy is associated with lower intelligence and an increased frequency of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.6 Another example is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a class of environmental contaminants generated by incomplete combustion. Again, initial findings in animal studies were followed by a longitudinal cohort study that measured in utero exposure to these compounds and confirmed a strong association between exposure and multiple neurodevelopmental problems.7 Imaging studies identified specific alterations in brain structures that mediated these effects, providing strong evidence of a causal link. These and other examples have several implications, including: (1) causal inferences can be made from animal and observational human studies in the absence of randomized clinical trials; (2) the power (and perhaps, necessity) of longitudinal cohort studies; and (3) whether the initial observations are made in the laboratory or in clinical practice is not germane to the validity and significance of the finding. Another reason that the problem may not be "obvious" is because injury may require time to be made manifest. Higher cognitive skills and complex behaviors may require considerable time to develop (as any piano teacher can tell you), and the consequences of injury early in development Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children


Despite good intentions, requirements for hazardous-exhaust systems often are misapplied by code officials. This article discusses how specifications and interpretations of the International Mechanical Code can detrimentally influence the design of laboratory-exhaust systems. Guidance is provided for working around such problems.


This paper proposes a cooperated mutual authentication scheme for mobile base stations (MBS) that construct a Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) in the Tactical Information Communication Networks (TICN). To enhance the fighting capabilities and survivability of soldiers in battlefields, it is crucial to secure the communication and commands between soldiers and commanders. To achieve this goal, a reliable mutual authentication method is required to approve between MBS and the soldiers in the network. We apply EAP-TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol – Transport Layer Security) for mutual authentication between mobile base stations that each hold authentication servers [1]. Also, we propose a cooperative authentication scheme that can substitute the authentication process between MBS and ultimately reduce the authentication overhead. We evaluate the proposed scheme using the Qualnet 5.0 simulator to verify the performance of our proposed schemes in Tactical Networks.


Research on social stimulation is obviously not maW stream; only a, f'ew journals devote a small part of their pages to simulation, at sociological congresses less than five percent of all talks are given by simulationists. An informal discussion invited by Georg Muller was held in Arms Hall of the SchloJ3, all participants equipped with lots of strawberry cake and whipped cream on a sunny Thursday a,fternoon during the seminar week to consider why social simulation has not made greater contributions to the development of social science.


This paper begins with a brief review of the wide ranging environmental impacts of road transpsort systems, including vehicle manufacture; roadbuilding and other infrastructural developments; road use; and the disposal of wastes. It goes on to refer to a methodology developed at Earth Resources Research (ERR) for the estimation of gaseous emissions from transport systems, and to discuss the relevance of this within the framework of current approaches to the assessment of road developments. Finally, the conclusions of our recent research on emissions at the national level are summarized. The implications of the Department of Transport's road traffic forecasts are considered in order to pose questions on the future prospects for road building, and for private road based transport systems in general. (A). For the covering abtract of this conference, see IRRD 853048.


The amount of light intercepted by forest canopies plays a crucial role in forest primary production. However, the photosynthetically active part of this intercepted solar radiation (IPAR) is difficult to measure using traditional ground‐based techniques. In situ measurement of IPAR requires labour‐intensive field work, often resulting in limited datasets, especially when collected over extensive areas. Remote sensing methods have been applied to the estimation of light interception in forests, but until recently have been restricted to two‐dimensional image data. These approaches do not directly account for the three‐dimensional structure of forested canopies, and therefore predicting IPAR for arbitrary sun positions is problematic. We utilized a 3D point cloud dataset acquired via an airborne laser ranging (LiDAR) system to predict in situ measured IPAR. This was achieved by defining a field‐of‐view (scope) function between observer points just above the forest floor and the sun, which relate IPAR to the LiDAR data over southern pine experimental plots containing a wide range of standing biomass. A conical scope function with an angular divergence from the centreline of ±7° provided the best agreement with the in situ measurements. This scope function yielded remarkably consistent IPAR estimates for different pine species and growing conditions. IPAR for loblolly stands, which have diffuse canopy architecture, was slightly underestimated.


Although most familiar in tropical climates and in Southern Europe, ceiling fans are also able to improve summer comfort in building interiors in Central Europe. This is mainly achieved by improved air movement near occupants. The paper reports on initial experimental results on a new ceiling fan concept for office environments, especially for existing buildings with summer thermal comfort deficits. Small low power fans are integrated into a typical, grid structured suspended ceiling, directly above each individual work place. The investigations cover comfort and acoustic measurements as well as simulations. The results underline the basic functionality of the design, improved thermal comfort and positive user feedback. Further investigations will address an enhanced concept in combination with night ventilation.


The Humanities, throughout the formation of the cultural experience of humankind, depended on the environment in which they developed, and on the concepts of reality that prevailed in this environment. Modern Humanities are in a state of uncertainty as concerns its roles, including those associated with the rapid evolution of the contemporary information society. The purpose of this article is to overcome this uncertainty. The author presents the main stages of interaction evolution and the ontology of humanitarian knowledge in the digital society in the last two decades. The article is a partial representation of the results of intercollegiate research conducted in 2019 at the Faculty of Free Arts and Sciences of Saint Petersburg State University: "Narratives of public communications in modern Russia". The process of studying the ontology of humanitarian knowledge in the digital environment is a continuous one because reality is changing dynamically. Researchers are in a dual position: it is possible to study and generalise the observed results during the period of transition from post-industrial society to the modern concept of reality; to model the future conceptual sphere as a set of entities and categories that are in event interaction as a communicative environment with predetermined parameters. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the social reality of modern society has already formed its interdisciplinary specificity, which is subject to ontological understanding.


The invention relates to a locking device particularly in the form of a lock cylinder comprising a housing (12, 13) having a rotatable shaft (3), a closure member (9) and an outer knob (1), wherein in the outer knob (1) has an opening code receiving means (15) and an electronic memory circuit (5) are stored in the closing information, are arranged with a data transmission device (11, 17, 18) from the outer knob (1) to a housing (12, 13) in particular in the shaft (3 ) arranged control circuit (6) for transmitting a (from the opening code receiving means 15) received unlocking code (to the control circuit 6) which actuates an electronic actuating device (4) upon receipt of a an opening authorization having opening codes which a rotary transmission link (7, 8) the outer knob (1) on the closure member (9) is prepared. To safety improve the adaptability of an outer knob of a housing is proposed that the control circuit (6) and the data transfer means (11, 17, 18) are arranged so that from the opening-code receiver means (15) opening code from the control circuit received to via the data transmission means (11, 17, 18) of the memory circuit (5) to the control circuit transmitted (6) closing information (6) is correlated to determine the locking authorization.


The release of volatiles upon impact of hydrous minerals is likely to control both the development of primative atmospheres and oceans during planetary accretion as well as affect the interchange of volatiles within the regolith and atmospheres on planetary crusts in the absence of active tectonics. Three hydrous minerals have been shock loaded in order to study the release of their volatile component, H20. Infrared spectra of shocked material suggest the loss of structural water from the minerals serpentine (Mg,Fe) 3Si205(0H)4, nontronite (.5Ca0. 7Fe~+[ (Si7. 3A10. 7)020] (OH)&.nH20), and kernite (Na2B407.4H20). The presence of released vapor, presuambly H20, was determined directly in one serpentine and one nontronite experiment by collecting and weighing it. X-ray diffraction studies of shocked nontronite show no evidence of major structural changes, but a decrease in the spacing between structural layers also indicates possible loss of unbound (interlayer) water. Shock reverberation techniques were used to load serpentine and nontronite, using stainless steel flyer and driver plates (1). Serpentine was shocked to 235, 300, and 380 kbar. Nontronite was shocked to 180 and 300 kbar. The 180 and 235 kbar experiments were carried out in containers designed to isolate the solid sample and capture any vapor liberated. The kernite was shock loaded by impacting the surface of a single crystal with a 0.32 cm diameter spherical pyrex projectile, traveling at 4.7 km sec-l. The ejecta studied was collected from an aluminum witness plate. Infrared spectra of three serpentine samples were obtained; one unshocked and two shocked to different pressures (Fig. 1). In the shocked samples there is a decrease in the size of the OHabsorption peak at 3680 cm-l, relative to the Si-0 stretching and bending peaks at the low wavenumber end of the spectrum (2). The decrease is larger for the specimen which reached the highest pressure. There is also a broadening of absorption peaks, which is indicative of increased internal disorder. The broad peaks at 3400 and 1620 cm-I are due to free water, and do not seem to be dependent on whether the sample was shocked, or to what degree. These are probably due to water adsorbed on the surface of the material, the amount of which is subject to change during sample preparation. When infrared spectra were measured after subjecting all three samples to a vacuum at 100°C, the free water peaks were all diminished to the same low level. The free water peak at 3400 cm-l in the nontronite spectra however, includes a contribution from interlayer water. Both this peak and the OHpeak, which corresponds to structural water, show marked decreases in the shocked specimen. After these nontronite samples were baked in the same manner as the serpentine, the 3400 cm-I peaks decreased to about the same level, which was slightly below the level of that peak of the impacted nontronite shown in Figure 2. The OHpeaks, however, were unaffected by the above heat treatment. We believe that the impact caused a major loss of structural water from the clay, which is the reason for the reduction in the OHpeak height. Such an impact should also drive off much of the interlayer water, which is less tightly bound; thus we would expect to see a decrease in the free water peak relative to the OHpeak. The large free water peak remaining in the spectrum of the shocked clay can be explained if we consider that after the event, the


This report discusses and motivates the possible deployment of flat collision optics for the future operation of the LHC. Performance reach estimates are presented, showing a possible improvement of the peak luminosity by 20 % at constant beam parameters in comparison with round optics, and a virtual luminosity reaching 1.0 × 1035 cm−2s−1 assuming the availability, inject-ability and ramp-ability up to 7.0 TeV of the full LIU beam by the end of Run III. These estimates are supported by a certain number of simulation results, including beam-beam effects, and operational aspects based on the first LHC machine development session which took place with probe beams and flat optics in 2017. The main expected optics limitations, together with possible mitigation measures, are also analyzed in details.


Digital transmission of video information previously required dedicated private lines. Coder-decoders (codecs) provide high-quality video that is nearly real-time, and enable the control of remote video cameras from a traffic control centre. They use two-way digital communication, which has also created many new opportunities in automatic data transmission and alarm reporting, and allows maximum effectiveness of a video network. A new codec, developed by Sony, allows the use of existing digital (ISDN) lines, so that it can provide digital quality for lower capital and maintenance costs. Features of this system include: (1) automatic camera selection and data transmission; (2) availability of three video modes: fast, normal, and fine; (3) support of two-way ISDN voice communication; (4) availability of standard interfaces with personal computers; and (5) password protection. The codecs can initiate their own automatic responses to alarms, for example by switching on lights, opening gates, or closing shutters by remote control. Thus immediate action can be taken if there is a traffic jam or accident.


BACKGROUND
Drug-induced pancreatitis is an unexplored entity.

METHODS
Retrospective cohort study conducted at a referral center. Patients with drug-induced acute pancreatitis between 2008-2018 were included. Baseline patients´ characteristics, involved drugs, clinical course and recurrence were analyzed.

RESULTS
Drug-induced pancreatitis represented 2.8% of acute pancreatitis (47/1665), and 18 different involved drugs were identified (thiopurines 61.8%). Latency period was less than one month in 87.2%. Pancreatitis was mild in 89.3%. Recurrence risk was 2.3%.

CONCLUSION
Drugs are a rare cause of pancreatitis, which mostly occurs within the first month of treatment, is usually mild and associates a low risk of recurrence.


The authors determined there is no benefit from the use of ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease because of the uncertainty about benefits and evidence of potential harms .


Organizational climate and job satisfaction are known to be good and significant precursors of job performance in any organization. This is because they give the employee the stability and motivation to discharge his responsibilities efficiently. Agricultural extension employees are responsible for the provision of services and dissemination of information and knowledge to farming communities in Iraq and most other developing countries. Their perception of organizational climate and job satisfaction is poorly researched and therefore the major indicators to job performance may not be known, let alone their relationship be determined. This research work therefore looked at the perception level of these significant indicators to establish the viewpoint of the extension worker on his work environment. The sample size of 180 was taken and extension workers were blocked in the headquarters during the annual training session in the first quarter of 2016 and administered questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics of percentages and frequencies. Results revealed that most of them were male (58.33 %) and have college degrees (75.00%) and are relatively young with a lot between the age of 21-30 years (75.00%) and within their first five years of employment (51.67%). The perception level for both job satisfaction and organizational climate are both at moderate level (72% and 69 %) respectively. It can be concluded that there is a great potential for the extension workers in Iraq to perform efficiently if their young age and good qualification can be leveraged on and their organizational climate condition be improved for increased motivation and job satisfaction to above moderate level.


The effect of marketing uncertainty due to consumer opposition over genetically modified (GM) grain is modeled in the context of a producer's decision to plant GM. The model shows that a tendency to plant less GM acreage and obtain premium prices for Non-GM grain is tempered by increased price risk.


Myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)‐associated necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN) is characterized by abundant leucocyte infiltration. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines involved in receptor‐mediated recruitment of leucocytes. Our objective was to analyse spatiotemporal gene expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in anti‐MPO‐mediated NCGN, to find potential targets for intervening with leucocyte influx. NCGN was induced in mice by co‐administration of anti‐MPO immunoglobulin (Ig)G and lipopolysaccharide. mRNA expression levels of chemokines and chemokine receptors were analysed in whole kidney lysates as well as in laser microdissected glomeruli and tubulo‐interstitial tissue 1 and 7 day(s) after NCGN induction. Several chemokines and chemokine receptors were induced or up‐regulated in anti‐MPO‐mediated NCGN, both on day 1 (chemokines CCL3, 5; CXCL2, 5, 13; receptor CXCR2) and on day 7 (chemokines CCL2, 5, 7, 8, 17, 20; CXCL1, 2, 5, 10; CX3CL1; receptors CCR2, 8; CX3CR1). The expression levels of most chemokines and receptors were higher in glomeruli than in the tubulo‐interstitium. Because of the temporal induction of CXCR2 on day 1, we hypothesized CXCR2 as a potential target for treatment in anti‐MPO‐induced NCGN. Inhibition of CXCR2 using a goat‐anti‐CXCR2 serum prior to NCGN induction increased glomerular neutrophil influx but did not affect crescent formation and albuminuria. In conclusion, expression levels of various chemokines and chemokine receptors were increased in anti‐MPO NCGN, and expressed particularly in glomeruli. These chemokines and receptors may serve as potential targets for treatment. Inhibition of a single target, CXCR2, did not attenuate anti‐MPO NCGN. Combinatorial interventions may be necessary to avoid redundancy.


Embedded power modules are examples of planar integration using metallization interconnections. Mechanical properties of interfaces between deposited copper traces and substrates are important for reliable operation. This paper investigates the values of thermal-mechanical stresses by IDEAS simulation. The effects of the deposited copper shape to the thermal-mechanical stress are illustrated in a simplified structure. Then a multi-layer structure of an embedded power module was modeled and the thermal-mechanical stresses of different layers were analyzed. The temperature cycling and power cycling test results are presented.


Ebbecke 1 drew attention to the temperature sensations that are induced in a limb on release of a circulatory stasis which has been maintained for some while, and subjected these sensations, and the variations in them produced by altering the external conditions, to very careful analysis. He concluded that sensations of both warmth and cold depended on thermal gradients of varying intensity set up at different depths as warm blood entered cooled skin or vice versa. Goldscheider and Hahn 2 subjected Ebbecke's theories to considerable criticism; they showed that if his experiments were repeated quite different sensations, or no sensation at all, might be induced if the time intervals employed were varied. The present experiments were therefore undertaken to measure the actual temperature changes and gradients that accompanied such sensations with a view to applying a more direct test to Ebbecke's theory. In the course of these experiments it became


The traditional data collection method for purpose of soil erosion evaluation can not satisfy the real time and frequent request. Under the environment of ERDAS8\^5 RS software, the information about vegetation and land use, which is very variably at a watershed, was extracted from remote sensing data. By using the soil erosion model described in USLE, the soil erosion grade was real timely evaluated at Huashanxi watershed. The results matched the reality very well and can guide to further work within the watershed.


ABSTRACT Here we present the local electrical characterization of individual ZnO nanorods (NRs) synthesized by spin coating method using precursor sol. Conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) was employed for investigating the local conductivity of these ZnO NRs. I-V curves studies on hexagonal top planes and rectangular side planes have shown nano-Schottky contact between ZnO NRs and tip. The Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) have been calculated to ∼0.63 eV, and ∼0.55 eV for these planes which are attributed to the polar and nonpolar faces respectively. This work provides a path way for constructing highly integrated nanoscale electronic devices with precise control.


This article describes results from a proposal to increase the Philadelphia parking tax from 15% to 20%, a proposal that was defeated. Support from a range of business organizations, hotel, office building and restaurant associations, sports teams and publicity campaigns that included handing out flyers and postcards were part of the winning effort. A key weapon against the hike was a study done by a public relations firm for the Philadelphia Parking Association that outlined the negative economic impacts of a parking tax increase. The article includes the executive summary of the study, which is titled, "Implications of a Parking Tax Increase in Philadelphia: Lessons Learned from Pittsburgh." The summary included the following key observations: Pittsburgh saw a decline of 1.3 million transient parkers; parking rates rose more steeply than the tax because of higher operating costs; there was a dramatic decline in evening and weekend parkers downtown, resulting in a marked decrease in shoppers and patrons of cultural events, restaurants, theaters, sporting events and museums. For Philadelphia, among the anticipated effects included are: higher parking rates, decrease in evening and weekend shopping and entertainment activity, decline in retail sales and a reduction in tax proceeds from sales taxes, a rise in office vacancy rates and drop in assessments.


In the field of service marketing, scholars have looked into the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioral intention as a focus subject, and conducted a lot of achievements since years ago. With the development of information technologies, self-service technologies-SSTs-have been widely used. More and more enterprises have become multi-channel service provider, with artificial service and self-service. In SSTs situation, the focus of the enterprise service part is channel migration, making consumers use self-service continuously from artificial service. In this article, the author conducts a comprehensive review of literatures of the relationship between service quality, customer attitude and behavior, and makes the corresponding comment. Combing the connotation and characteristics of self-service, the author analyzes the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction and channel migration based on SSTs situation.


To examine how conceptual knowledge about fraction magnitudes changes as students' learning progresses, 5th and 7th-grade students were asked to solve fraction magnitude problems that entailed finding a fraction between two given fractions and then to evaluate solutions for similar problems that were modeled for them. When the given fractions share a common denominator or numerator, a simple strategy is to keep the common value and choose an intermediate value for the other component. 5th graders used this strategy on both common-numerator and common-denominator problems, and judged it "very smart" when it was modeled. 7 graders typically converted commonnumerator fractions to a common denominator and often judged the strategy of picking an intermediate denominator "not smart."


As in many other jurisdictions, the role of the French prosecutor (the procureur) has expanded over the last decades. The changes can be characterised as a transfer of power and functions away from the judicial to the prosecutorial in order to reduce costs and delay. This raises issues around the political independence of the pre-trial investigation, as well as the extent to which French criminal procedure is jettisoning traditional judicial safeguards associated with a more inquisitorial system and replacing them (or not) with due process protections associated with the adversarial two party conflict model.


This research focuses on the transition from manage rial to entrepreneurial roles in the current Italian setting and aims to explore the individual and contextual conditions that foster this transition. The demographic structure of European c ountries has changed irreversibly in the past twenty years due to an ageing population. More over, financial crises coupled with globalisation have brought about a dramatic change in industries and related labour organisation models. Alongside this phenomenon, the rigidity in the Italian labour market is leading to a persistently high level of structural unemployment and a search for quantitative flexibility in managing staff. A recent law passed by the Italian Parliament (Jobs Act, 2014) aims to resolve the situation. Thus the skills requ ired to adapt to new jobs is worthy of analysis by scholars. The results of this research show that Italian managers who have made a successful transition towards becoming entrepreneur s show a self-directed and value-driven approach to careers (protean attitude) in addition to a propensity to improvement of their skills and orientation to change (adaptability). These cha racteristics have been fostered by the work context present in their previous job experiences, in particular the managerial and HRM practices experienced by entrepreneurs when they we re employed. The results of this study are promising in the light of the recent labour market reforms (Jobs Act) in Italy. By focusing on the career transition from manager to entrepreneur the concept of career can be considered in an innovative way, particularly with regard to care er opportunities for young generations. Nota biografica sugli autori Eliana Alessandra Minelli Professore associato di Organizzazione aziendale pr esso l'Università Carlo CattaneoLIUC, dove tiene corsi di Change Management, Organizzazio ne aziendale, Gestione delle risorse umane. È docente di Human Resource Management al Ph D Programme in Management, Finance and Law for Business presso la medesima uni versità. È membro del Comitato di Redazione della rivista Sv iluppo&Organizzazione. Collabora con il Centre for Higher Education Governance Ghent (CHEGG ) dell'Università di Ghent (Belgio). La sua attività di ricerca e le pubblicazioni rigua rd no prevalentemente temi di gestione del personale, cambiamento organizzativo, management e gov rnance dei sistemi di higher education.


Based on the introduction of TransCAD,vehicle routing optimization,and time windows constraints and capacity constraints,a mathematical model based on vehicle routing problem with time windows was presented.The TransCAD software package and its application to solving vehicle routing problem with time windows were illustrated.The examples of vehicle routing problem with time windows were also given.


An air pinch valve was modified to be continuously variable by the addition of a rigid insert and
continuous air pressure regulation. A technique for state-space modeling of the valve's dynamic performance was
developed. State feedback control based upon pole placement was unstable due to unmodelled nonlinearities.
Experiments indicated that integral closed-loop control produced satisfactory transient and steady-state responses for
individual nozzle control. Such valves might be utilized in the spatially variable control of fertilizer or pesticide
application common in precision agriculture.


The paper is devoted to the state of youth employment in Ukraine. The analysis covers the period from 2004 to 2015. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the developmental trends, asymmetries and impact factors of youth employment in Ukraine. For the most part, the developmental trends of youth employment in Ukraine are typical of the general tendencies throughout the world, but some of these trends are specific only to Ukraine. The asymmetries of youth employment are researched in detail in connection with the problem of the interaction of the labour market and the education market. The competence approach is proposed as the main tool for integrating all subjects of the labour market and the education market to work on overcoming existing asymmetries in the youth labor market.


This paper studies the applicability of Synthetic Environments (SE) for dynamic prototyping in the early phase of product design. For this purpose, a simple SE, built with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology, was employed to support the design of the lid of an X-Ray machine. Psychological experiments, statistical analysis of questionnaires, and user interviews indicated that for the design problem concerned, the SE was a proper substitution of the physical prototype, although the participants experienced difference in sense of presence. To further improve the applicability of SE, a design strategy of intuitive user interface is proposed for dynamic prototyping in SE to facilitate the communication among stakeholders with various knowledge backgrounds.


The concept of the Generic Scanner or "GenScan" is to combine existing portable, manually-operated nondestructive testing (NDT) flaw detectors with off-theshelf, relatively inexpensive position encoding devices. Combining these with specially developed interface software in a laptop or tablet PC generates inspection scan images in the field. The scan images so generated are saved in the computer and placed on the web for off-site analysis by structural engineers.


The interaction of a molecule with a quantized electromagnetic field is described within the framework of formal scattering theory. It is shown that the probability of multiphoton molecular transitions may then be represented in a particularly simple way by diagrams. Rules for constructing and interpreting these diagrams are described. Two forms of interaction potential are employed, namely, the standard form of non-relativistic limit of the Dirac equation, and an alternative formulation due to Richards [12]. The advantages of the alternative form are shown to be that terms which are bilinear in the field may be neglected, and that the remaining terms represent the multipole moment interactions of the molecule with the quantized field.


Abstract N-Lithio-N,N′-di(t-butyl)-S-phenylsulfinic acid imidamide (1) reacts with TiCl4, SiCl4, GeCl4, SnCl4 and Ph2SnCl2 with monosubstitution at the metal center to yield compounds 2-6. TiCl3N2(But)2SPh (2) slowly hydrolyzes to form O[TiCl2N2(But)2SPh]2 (7). The molecular structure of 7 was investigated by an X-ray structure analysis.


A new method of radioactive labeling via sulfonium salts and 14C alkylhalides is reported, along with a novel synthesis of (E)-rac-(2′-buten-1′,4′-olido)-[3′,4′:1,2]-6-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(4-[14C-methyl]-sulfonylbenzylidene)-indan (scheme 1, compound 14CH3-SO2-L]), a drug that showed very high activity, when tested in various tumor cell lines (1). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Degenerate 1,5-hydrogen migrations in cyclic conjugated dienes may be followed kinetically through studies of deuterium-labeled derivatives. Exact kinetic derivations for five instances of such equilibrations among three or four isomers in a set are detailed to demonstrate a general method for kinetic treatments of isomerizations involving first-order interconversions.


In this work, three different concentrations of Montanide gel adjuvanted RVF vaccine were prepared, the first contains 10%, the 2nd contains 15% while the 3rd contains 20% Montanide gel, in addition to the aluminium hydroxide gel RVF vaccine to compare. There were no body temperature elevation or any other signs after vaccination in all vaccinated sheep. The humeral immunity in vaccinated sheep was evaluated by using serum neutralization test (SNT) and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), the immunity was detected in groups 2, 3, 4 vaccinated with different concentrations of montanide gel via serum neutralization test from 1 st week with values of (1.7, 1.8 and 2) respectively and stayed protective till the 6 months in Group 2, 8 months in Group 3 and 10 months in Group 4 with values of (1.7, 1.8 and 1.8) respectively. These results was correlated to that obtained by ELISA, also the immunity was detected from 1 st week in groups 2, 3,4 with values of (0.245, 0.250 and 0.252) respectively and stayed protective till 6 th month in Group 2, 8 th month in Group 3 and 10 th month in Group 4 with values of (0.230, 0.239 and 0.239) respectively. These results revealed that the best vaccine is 20% Montanide gel inactivated RVF vaccine which gave higher level of antibody all over the period of the test compared with that of other vaccinated groups.


To mitigate global warming, the European Union aims at climate neutrality by 2050. In order to reach this, the transportation sector has to contribute especially, which accounts for about a quarter of the European greenhouse gas emissions. Herein, electricity-based fuels are a promising approach for reducing emissions. However, a large-scale deployment of electricity-based fuels has a significant impact on the power system due to high electricity demand and the requirement to use renewable energy sources in order to be sustainable. At the same time, this fuel production could offer additional flexibility for the power system. This article investigates the opportunities and challenges of electricity-based fuels and flexible electricity-based fuel production for the European power system. In a literature analysis, the pivotal role of electricity-based fuels for climate neutrality is confirmed. To analyze the impact of flexible fuel production, European power market simulations for the year 2035 are conducted. Results indicate that flexibilization leads to an increased integration of electricity based on renewable energy sources as well as reductions in both carbon dioxide emissions and total operational costs of the power system. However, very high flexibility levels also benefit high-emission power plants and may even lead to increased emissions.


Haramaya I is the common name for the carrot ( Daucus carota L.) variety with the original collection name AUA-108. The variety was developed through selection in the eastern highlands of Ethiopia. It was selected from 64 carrot genotypes collected from Haramaya woreda (district). The genotypes were maintained by farmers for a long period of time through an open-pollinated seed production system. The released carrot variety was found to be superior in marketable and total root yields and other desirable traits to the commercial Nantes variety, which was used as the standard check, and a famers' open pollinated cultivar, which was used as a local check. Furthermore, this variety was superior to the Nantes variety and the farmers' open-pollinated cultivar in terms of producing lower proportions of small-sized, cracked, forked, and hairy roots. The variety had also a margin of seed production potential amounting to 11.81% over the Nantes variety. Moreover, its root yield was found to be stable over seasons and locations. Therefore, it could be cultivated sustainably by smallholder farmers in the highlands of eastern Ethiopia and in other places with similar agroecology. Keywords : Core-size; Farmers' cultivar; Nantes variety; Root yield; Seed yield; Yield stability


This work investigated a method to calibrate the irradiation by an x-ray cabinet of tumours inserted on the flanks of mice. For the x-ray energies used by such devices, the radiotherapy treatment metric of absorbed dose to water (DW) requires knowledge of the half value layer (HVL) of the beam spectrum. This is usually measured in a scatter free environment, but such a measurement inside a cabinet with our specific exposure geometry is impractical. Therefore, a novel way of evaluating HVL was devised and used to calibrate an RS 2000 cabinet in terms of DW. This calibration used the relevant IPEMB code of practice and was traceable to the UK primary standard for air kerma. This code is used by every radiotherapy department in the UK. To facilitate convenient calibration of different types of dosimeter in the hospital radiotherapy department a cabinet was produced in-house and used with a clinical superficial x-ray device to mimic the spectral properties in the university based RS 2000. To measure the HVL inside the cabinet, the response of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) to that of a secondary-standard ionisation chamber (MTLD/MS) was derived across an appropriate range of HVLs free-in-air. Measurements were then taken in the in-house cabinet with TLDs and ion chamber under conditions that simulated the position of the animal flank implanted tumour (i.e. with our specific experimental geometry) to derive an average MTLD/MS from which the HVL of the incident beam was calculated. Chamber readings were converted to DW (without the need to use modified backscatter factors) and used to calibrate TLDs which were subsequently employed in the RS 2000 cabinet to allow conversion of exposure time to dose. The uncertainty in calculated dose was ±3.8%.


More than any of the UK's six research councils, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council is reforming its mechanisms for funding research in universities. And more than any other council, scientists within its disciplines, which include "small" physics, are expressing worry about the changes. One of many questions hanging over the EPSRC is how strategic thinking about future science programmes – both "managed" and "responsive" – will be handled by the council itself, and by the managers of disciplinary programmes who have to respond to the needs of researchers. Answers are now beginning to emerge following the first meeting of the council's "technical opportunities panel" (known as TOP) last month.


The school system is a green pasture for inexhaustible investigations for the purpose of
enhancing academic achievement. This is particularly true, because factors and variables
within the confines of educational activities appear also to be inexhaustible. One of such
factor that attracted an investigation is 'occupational stress' as it affects school
administrators and senior teachers. This study investigates the Islamic technique or
methods use by administrators and senior teachers to manage stress at workplace. The
aspects that were investigated include-- Solat, EEman, Remembrance, Imagination and
meditation. Instrument used in this study consisted of (24 item) questionnaire developed by
the researcher. A 5-point likert scale ranging from 1—'strongly disagree, 5—strongly agree'
was used. Using a systematic sampling technique, a survey was conducted on 130 samples
from the population of 200. The participants consisted of administrators and senior teachers
from three International Islamic secondary schools in klang Valley area Malaysia. principal
component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation yielded a 5-factor solution with
satisfactory psychometric properties. The result also revealed that ITMOQ is
multidimensional measure of Islamic ways to manage stress. It is therefore concluded that
even-though, ITMOQ has a wider applicability, the scale may serve has a special relevance
to stress management techniques, and may be of use in research and in stress management
programmes.


Glacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) have been a significant driver of landscape evolution, environmental change, and geohazards throughout the Quaternary. Iceland experiences more frequent jökulhlaups than nearly anywhere else on Earth, though most research focuses on subglacial volcanogenic floods that drain across outwash plains. Abundant geomorphologic evidence exists for largescale jökulhlaups that drained along the modern-day course of the Hvítá River in southwestern Iceland during early Holocene deglaciation, originating from ice-dammed Glacial Lake Kjölur; yet only one previous publication has investigated these events. This study uses a combination of field mapping and remote sensing to identify new jökulhlaup geomorphologic evidence along the Hvítá River, including erosional landforms such as scoured bedrock, anastomosing channel networks, cataracts, and canyons, and depositional features such as boulder bars and channel infill. We synthesize new findings with previously reported work to: 1) present an updated geomorphologic map of Hvítá jökulhlaup evidence; 2) reconstruct flood drainage routes, landscape impact, hydrology, and relative chronology; and 3) hypothesize scenarios of ice margin position and glacial lake evolution. Interpreting flood landform assemblages reveals a more extensive geomorphologic record than previously reported, with a complex drainage pattern along four separate routes from two potentially different sources. Reconstructed peak flow discharges span four orders of magnitude from 10**2 to 10**5 m3s-1. Geomorphologic and paleohydraulic results introduce four hypothesized drainage scenarios, though absolute geochronology is necessary to determine whether multiple floods drained along each route. The Hvítá jökulhlaups yield insight into the timing and dynamics of the final phase of Icelandic Ice Sheet decay, advancing understanding of Iceland's Pleistocene–Holocene transition, demonstrating the importance of high magnitude, low frequency floods in landscape evolution, and serving as an analogue to ice and meltwater response to past, present, and future climate warming in glaciated regions worldwide.


Leading constituents which escape collisions hadronize to form forward moving particles in hadron-nucleus interactions. The remaining quarks should then produce hadrons in the central region. In this model I derive simple predictions and sum rules for multiplicity ratios, and compare them with experiment.


Vitamin E is a lip soluble vitamin synthesized only by photosynthetic organisms. Five key enzymes involved in this pathway, including HPPD, HPT, MPBQMT, TC and γ-TMT. To better understand the genetic control of vitamin E biosynthesis pathway in soybean, we searched the whole genome sequence of soybean by using Arabidopsis vitamin E biosynthesis enzyme as query sequences. A total of 24 genes were retrieved, including 6 incomplete open reading frame genes. Chromosome location, gene structure, promoter region and expression profile of these genes were comprehensively analyzed by bioinformatics. Compared with Arabidopsis and rice, soybean has at least two duplicated vitamin E biosynthesis pathways, as each catalytic step enzymes encoded by two or more copy genes. These results support that soybean is a paleopolyploid species. In summary, this study provides fundamental information of vitamin E biosynthesis pathway for soybean improvement by pathway engineering.


It is widely acclaimed that Nigeria has met the first goal of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (i.e.., eradicating extreme poverty and hunger). However, despite it richly endowed natural resources, a large percentage of Nigerians still live below the United Nations' drawn poverty line. This paper investigates the factors that cause shift in government policies and culminates in new frameworks for poverty alleviating initiatives in the country. The introduction of a series of poverty reduction programmes as well as the subsequent broadening of their scopes has been instrumental in the fight against poverty in Nigeria. Nonetheless, the future is strewn with a lot of challenges. The Nigerian government is yet to fully address poverty as a societal and developmental issue that tend to integrate inputs from the poor themselves. In other to overcome this challenge, this paper calls on the Nigeria government to focus more on macroeconomic issues that affect the poor such as high inflation and slow economic growth on development.


The authors report the development of a new opto-thermal radiometry technique, using wavelength-selective detection. The measurement principle is similar to that of opto-thermal transient emission radiometry (OTTER), but includes a grating monochromator as part of the signal detection system, to enable opto-thermal transients at selected infrared wavelengths to be studied. The technique offers the ability to separate the effects associated with the absorption of exciting light from those of infrared emission. Changes of opto-thermal decay time with emission wavelength can therefore be related to the infrared absorption spectrum of the sample. First observations on TiO2 excited by UV laser light are presented.