Recent research has been focused on development of models to enhance the resources allocated to Device to Device Communication (D2D) within LTE-A cellular network, which is considered as promising technology for improving network throughput, spectrum efficiency and transmission delay. The availability of huge number of smart phone at affordable price has increase cellular data traffic, generated by data sharing applications. Therefore, it is of critical importance to achieve efficient throughput in LTE-A networks. In this paper, we propose the possible solution to improve this throughput by analyzing and simulating a model to enable multiple concurrent D2D pairs in evolution NBs. We first evaluate mathematic model to enhance the resource allocated to D2D users. Second, we simulate D2D communication scenario in LTE-Advanced network using network simulator version 3 (NS-3) under Ubuntu environment. Throughput was measured by taking into consideration control overhead. We also investigate the throughput at high layer the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), which is above the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. The results show that there are benefit in channel capacity when LTE-A users are used together with multiple D2D pairs.


Due to the advancement of wireless communication, the wireless devices increase tremendously in Emergency Communication Networks (ECNs) for various purposes such as search and rescue activities, military applications, digester management, etc. The domain of this network varies from small to large scale based on the devastation area or influence zone of the scenario (i.e., if the devastation area is small then it needs to set a small network; otherwise, it requires to set a big network in order to achieve the goal). Scalability is an important issue that needs to be ensured for this network. If a solution of a small-scale network is also feasible while the network is getting larger, the solution is called scalable. Collision and congestion are two main concerning issues for designing a scalable ECN. It is an emerging research area to explore a dynamic approach that adapts the behavior of the networks so that the same solution will work for both small and large networks. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a dynamic CSMA/CA-based salable MAC strategy for ECNs in particularly for search and rescue activities. The simulation results prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed MAC approach.


A successful implementation of model predictive control (MPC) requires parameters appropriately tuned. Such a goal is more difficult to reach with Linear-Time-Variant (LTV) systems. This is the reason why an analytical method is proposed here and especially detailed in the case of controllable single-input-single-output (SISO) systems. As an advantage, it can be applied online to indirect-adaptive MPC (IA-MPC) while guarantying the closed-loop stability and limiting the tuning computational load. Simulation results shown emphasize its effectiveness when compared to existing methods.


Maintaining the stability and productivity of residual forest after harvesting is a crucial requirement of sustainable forest management. We assessed the long-term (43-year) impact of group selective harvesting using ground extraction of one-third of merchantable volume on 30 ha of mixed conifer/ hardwood forest at Pureora, North Island, New Zealand. Selective harvesting did not substantially alter canopy composition or the population structure of conifers in the two 15-ha harvested blocks. It did not adversely affect the stability of the residual forest, with similar mortality rates in merchantable conifer trees in the 15-ha control (0.7%/year) and residual conifers in the two harvested blocks (0.6%/year, 0.8%/year). Tree mortality in harvested blocks was not related to harvesting disturbance. Productivity was somewhat reduced by selective harvesting (0.3, 0.2 m3/ha/year in harvested blocks; 0.4 m3/ha/year in the control) because of reduced tree densities. Net merchantable volume increment was negative in conifer species in all blocks, ranging from –0.4 to –0.6 m3/ha/year. Although regeneration of major canopy species had largely recovered within a decade of harvesting, much more time will be needed for the forest as a whole to recover fully.


Two crystalline substances are isolated from aerial parts of Litsea glutinosea (Lour.) C. B. Rob. and are identified as a-phenylcinnamic acid and p-cumarric acid.


PURPOSE: To obtain a novel compd. useful for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, cardiac failure, renal failure, etc. CONSTITUTION: A compd. of formula I (R 2 B, R 3 B are H, a halogen, hydroxyl, mercapto, cyano, nitro, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aryl, etc.; A 1 B, A 2 B, A 3 B and A 4 B denote optionally substd. methine groups where one of them is a methine group substituted with benzyl group.). For example, 4-[(3-butyl-4-quinolinyl) methyl]benzonitrile. The compd. of the formula I is obtd. by subjecting the compd. of formula II (Hal is halogen: R 4 B↓' is H, n-butyl, etc.), to a substitution reaction to obtain the compd. of formula III and bringing the compd. of formula IV into reaction therewith to cyclize the same. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


A study was undertaken to determine the mineral status of selected soils and forage along a transhumant route of nomadic pastoralists in the derived savanna of Southern Nigeria. The interrelationships among nutrients in the soil–forage system were also determined. Thus, soil and forage samples were collected along the route at the same time. The forage sampled were Centrosema pubsescens and Panicum maximum. The soils ranged from acid to slightly alkaline. Some of the soil constituents showed significant relationships with one another. Phosphorus (P) and sodium (Na) contents of the forages, based on established critical levels were sufficient for ruminant animal production. The concentration of iron (Fe) in the forages was low in some of the locations while crude protein (CP), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn) contents were inadequate. A few minerals in the soil showed significant relationships with those in the forage tissue. Consequently, it was concluded that since correlation coefficients between soil and plant tissue were low, prediction of mineral status of forage by regression analysis from mineral content of soil is likely to remain imperfect. However, arising form the deficiencies of certain minerals in the forages, there is need to supplement grazing animals along the route for increased productivity.


Abstract:A critical reflection on the culture of recognition and compensation. The narrative exploration of the work playfully addresses the romanticization of award ceremonies and presents a complicated narrative of recognition. The sociality of the pain experienced from the artist's sudden delegitimization asks the reader to engage with tensions of power, dominance, and representation.


The ability of two-dimensional, layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to promote hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has attracted much attention for hydrogen-generation applications. Their electrocatalytic active sites originally come from unique electronic properties at the edges. Here, we use scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) to visualize and quantify the electrochemical HER activities of tungsten disulfide (WS2) islands. We show that the HER correlated current distribution is affected by the number of WS2 layers. SECCM imaging provides a direction for future designs in TMD-based electrocatalysts.


Abstract To contrast two theories for glasses, namely a microscopic theory developed for (KBr)1−x(KCN)x glasses and the standard tunneling model, time-resolved specific heat results of (NaCN)1−x(KCN)x mixed crystals were fitted using both approaches. Dielectric measurements were carried out in order to apply the former theory, which connects the low-T specific heat anomalies to the high-T β-relaxational process.


A health monitoring system based on the MATLAB Web Server is proposed and its prototype system is developed. In order to acquire the response data automatically, a simple sensor system was also developed. It transfers the data automatically through the Internet and is configurable through the network. The system is now under operation to identify the research needs and the right direction for evolution.


A hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal cortex was frequently observed in rats used for a study of vitamin B6 deficiency in this laboratory. This abnormality was prevented when Vitab or a filtrate factor concentrate was included in the diet. Similar observations were reported by Daft and Sebrell. 1 When synthetic pantothenic acid became available it seemed desirable to investigate its relation to this adrenal pathology. While these investigations were being completed, Daft, Sebrell, Babcock, and Jukes 2 reported similar studies. The data herein presented are essentially a confirmation of the results obtained by the above workers. The basal diet used in these studies consisted of alcohol-extracted Labco casein 18, sucrose 78, and salts No. 186 3 4%. This diet was supplemented in all experiments with adequate amounts of thiamin, riboflavin, choline, calciferol, and carotene. Pyridoxine was given in some cases from the start of the experiment and in others after severe skin lesions had developed. In one experiment butter fat was included in the basal diet at 5, 10, or 20% levels without affecting the incidence of adrenal necrosis. Other dietary supplements are listed in Table I. Severe adrenal cortical hemorrhage and necrosis was not produced in every case where pantothenic acid was omitted from the diet. However, it was never present in the rats which received a source of natural pantothenic acid or synthetic calcium pantothenate. The animals which presented severe necrotic changes in the adrenal cortex failed rapidly, developed a severe hemorrhagic rhinitis, and, in some cases, passed into coma before they were removed for examination. Microscopic examination was made of necropsy material consisting of sections of adrenal gland, heart, spleen, liver, kidney, thymus, lung, and the intraorbital lacrimal gland.


The goal of the Web Service Composition (WSC) problem is to find an optimal composition of Web Services to satisfy a given request using their syntactic and/or semantic features, when no single service satisfies it. However in many cases such composition is impossible due for example to a bad formulation from the user. In this paper, we consider WSC problem in the Software as a Service layer (SaaS) from semantic aspects, exploiting the super-type and subtype relationship among parameters. In this paper we investigate the problem of SaaS Web Service Composition. We formulate the problem of optimal composition as the problem of finding the minimal unsatisfiable set of minimum size widely studied in the context of Artificial Intelligence that encoding the composition problem. Furthermore, we proved that our framework can be extended to take into account the quality of services.


This study was carried with an objective to establish the relationship between competitive strategies and human resource management practices adopted by the insurance firms in Nairobi Kenya. The central hypothesis under investigation in this study is that firms that have aligned their corporate strategy with the Human Resource Management practices stand a better chance to attaining a sustainable competitive advantage as well as good performance. To achieve the objective of the study, the research used a descriptive research design and a census survey comprising of all the 42 registered insurance firms in Kenya. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were dropped and picked up later and others were filled through direct interview. Once the pertinent data was collected, the researcher carried out an analysis of the same using mean, standard deviation and percentages. Where appropriate, the study results were presented in tables and charts. The study established that most insurance firms have aligned their corporate strategy with the human resource management practices in order to survive and compete in the market. To enhance the competitiveness, the insurance companies use low cost leadership strategy, and differentiation strategy by offering a wide range of products and services. To achieve this, the companies use high skilled and innovative staff and most companies" use staff training and development as means to bridging the gap between human resource competence and competitive advantage.


Given shifts to home-based learning due to COVID-19, inquiry into the role of families and communities in supporting the goals of a comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) has become critical. This symposium encompasses six studies that investigate the family and community contexts and seek to understand how these contexts might be used to leverage students' academic learning in physical education, as well as foster students' achievement of nationally recommended amounts of daily physical activity. PA in an Online PE Course: (Missed) Opportunities for Engagement Chad M. Killian, Georgia State University; Shelby Ison, University of Illinois; Shannon Pennington, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign; Amy Mays Woods, University of Illinois Urbana– Champaign (email@example.com) Physical Activity During COVID-19 School Closures: Changes in Family Support Ann Pulling Kuhn, University of Maryland; Erin Hager, University of Maryland School of Medicine (firstname.lastname@example.com) Evaluating an Implementation Strategy Targeting Parent Engagement in School Wellness Gabriella Maria Mcloughlin, Washington University in St. Louis; Joey A Lee, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs; Richard Rosenkranz, Kansas State University; Lorraine Lanningham Foster, Iowa State University; Rachel Sweeney, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach; Gregory J Welk, Iowa State University (firstname.lastname@example.com) Increasing Children's Motor Competence Through Family/Community Engagement: A Systematic Review Jongho Moon, Collin Webster, University of South Carolina; Cate A. Egan, University of Idaho; Lori Flick, College of Education; Christopher Merica, College of Education, Health and Human Sciences; Laura Russ, SHAPE America Reviewer (firstname.lastname@example.com) Optimizing Online Physical Education: Teachers' Perspectives Amid a Pandemic Mark Urtel, Indiana University Purdue University– Indianapolis; Collin Webster, University of South Carolina; Emily M D'Agostino, Duke University School of Medicine; Brian O. Culp, Kennesaw State University; Jaimie M. McMullen, University of Northern Colorado (email@example.com) Physical Education and Physical Activity Opportunities: Parents' Attitudes and Engagement Collin Webster, University of South Carolina; Gabriella Maria Mcloughlin, University of Illinois; Angie Starrett, University of South Carolina; Jillian Papa, Action for Healthy Kids; Heather Erwin, University of Kentucky; Julian Reed, Furman University; Russell L. Carson, University of Northern Colorado; Charlene Burgeson, N/A (firstname.lastname@example.com)


In the construction of linear engineering,it is tedious to work out pile numbers and coordinates of the axis.The pile number of the starting point and the length of the axis are needed to calculate the pile number of the finishing point.The work load will further increase in case of a curve.Lisp Language, a secondary development program of CAD,is used to calculate middle and side piles of arbitrary point in the axis and list the results,greatly improving the efficiency.


We show that, just as an expected utility maximizer with utility function u responds to a compensated increase in risk by adjusting a control variable to reduce the degree of risk aversion measured by the Arrow–Pratt index Ru=−u′′∕u′ (Diamond & Stiglitz, 1974), so the response to a compensated increase in downside risk entails adjusting the control to reduce the degree of downside risk aversion measured by the Schwarzian Su=u′′′∕u′−(3∕2)Ru2. We also show that, ceteris paribus, increases in Su and in Ru result in reduced exposure to downside risk and, therefore, greater demand for self-protection activities that reduce downside risk to future income. An increase from Su to Sv is characterized by downside risk-averse transformations of utility everywhere along a path from u to v, which together constitute what we define to be a parametric increase in downside risk aversion. These parametric increases yield comparative statics predictions not true if v is simply a downside risk-averse transformation of u, and predictions for incremental changes in risk preferences can be extended immediately to global changes.


The paper is presenting theoretical analytical model and computer simulation of electromagnetic transient process in a transformer. Transformer parameters in a selected transitional process have been analyzed. Theoretical model refers to an energetic transformer with concentrated parameters with consideration of parameters of mutual inductance M. Simulation was performed on a personal computer using the software program MATLAB SIMULINK. The computer simulation confirmed the possibility of transitional process analysis in transformer's windings with concentrated parameters.


'Thin' power electronics concentrates on the design of minimal and cost effective power converters. Part of the research effort targets the direct processing of an AC input to an AC output without the use of an intermediate DC stage. Particular examples include the inverterless active filter and the controllable network transformer, both of which in their simplest form employ a buck switcher as the active element. Existing analysis of these circuits has dealt with a continuous approximation to the modulating function with applications to relatively high switching frequencies. This paper addresses the problem of selecting a low frequency switching pattern that achieves the correct transformation of an AC input composed of a set of arbitrary harmonics into an AC output containing a desired set of harmonics. This is achieved by constructing a model of the converter in the frequency domain so as to allow a systematic description of the interaction between linear filters and the buck converter via a set of non-linear equations that closely approximate the behaviour of the physical circuit. These equations are set in the form of a constrained optimization problem, the solution of which represents an optimal switching pattern that satisfies a set of harmonic constraints. The method is presented in a general way, facilitating direct application to other systems composed of linear filters and a buck converter. The inverterless active filter is considered as an example problem and the method is used to construct optimal switching patterns that provide harmonic correction of the current drawn by a three phase passive rectifier.


This data represents the free fatty acid (FFA) and phospholipid (PL) response to auditory fear conditioning (AFC) across the rat brain in the presence or absence of a memory blocking agent. Four experimental conditions were used, each applied to a cohort of 8 rat: saline injected (control) animals, unpaired AFC stimuli (SU); saline injected animals, paired stimuli (SP); CPP (NMDA antagonist) injected animals, unpaired AFC stimuli (CU); CPP injected animals, paired AFC stimuli (CP). Tissue was collected from 6 brain regions CeA – central amygdala, BLA – basolateral amygdala, PFC – prefrontal coretex, DH – dorsal hippocampus, VH – ventral hippocampus, CB – cerebellum Lipidomics analysis using targeted LCMSMS was performed for FFA – free fatty acid, PA – phosphatidic acid, PC- phosphatidylcholine, PE – phosphatidylcholine, PG – phosphatidylglycerol, PS – phosphatidylserine Data contains the quantified abundance for each targeted lipid species for each of the 4 AFC conditions, 8 animals, 6 brain regions


This paper presents the circumferential distribution of film thickness and the relation between film flow rate and film thickness in an inclined upward annular flow. In this experiment, film thickness was measured by the needle contact method, and axial film flow rate was calculated assuming Karman's universal velocity profile. As a result, it was clarified that the circumferential distribution of film thickness is affected by gravity, the effects of pipe inclination on the distribution can be seen clearly at the top and bottom of the tube, an increase in inclination makes the distribution uniform, the effect of pipe inclination on the relation between film flow rate and film thickness increases as film flow rate increases, and film thickness increases with the inclination in the case of constant interfacial shear force and film flow rate.


Public health and emergency doctors' leaders have denounced England's health secretary for linking extra payments to hospital accident and emergency departments to flu vaccination rates among staff, criticising him for taking the wrong tack to protect vulnerable patients.

Hunt announced the plan last week when he described how the extra £250m (€300m; $400m) for emergency services in England for 2013-14 would be allocated. A further £250m is being made available to help emergency services next year, but these payments will be made in full only to trusts where 75% of their staff members are vaccinated against flu this year, said the department, although it could not say how much of the payment trusts would lose if …


Ensuring maximum reliability and quality of power distribution systems management is an important task of power supply organizations. Traditional substation management methods increasingly meet modern automation and reliability requirements every year. In this regard, digital substation remote control systems are being developed. The general scheme of operation of the digital substation is described, the advantages of using digital technologies in the sphere of remote control of substations compared to traditional ones are described. A basic description of IEC 61850 is provided. The application of digital technologies in the field of automatic control of substations is considered on the basis of the implementation of the project of the 500 kV high-voltage substation "Tobol." The economic effect of the introduction of the digital substation is given. The negative consequences of the introduction of digital technologies at electric substations were noted.


This paper aims to design barrier free environment in
university libraries by procuring proper equipments,
technologies and providing proper infrastructural
facilities and need based services for the visually
disabled. Till now academic library services for these
persons are not adequate. Recently some university
libraries have taken steps in this regard. As per our
survey Bharathihar University, Jammu University, Delhi
University, Punjab University, JNU, Lucknow University,
Calcutta University either established or going to
establish Digital Braille and audio library. At present with
the help of Information Technology (IT) it is possible to
provide user friendly & adequate services for these
people who are neglected for long time. UNESCO & IFLA
have issued guidelines to provide equal library services
to all including people with disabilities. Governments of
India and University Grants Commission have also
issued guidelines in this regard. This paper highlights
the special equipments and services that the librarians
of academic libraries are expected to provide fulfilling
the purpose and missions of libraries framed & supported
by IFLA and UNESCO


The integration of Bulgaria into the European Union is a voluntary process and is the major goal of the foreign policy of the state after the beginning of the changes on 1989. The unification of more than 25 states in the beginning of the 21 century is a tendency without analogue in world political history. The inclusion of Bulgaria in this tendency is a chance for the state, as this will basically provide it with a place among the prevailing trends of world development. Bulgaria needs to participate actively in the debate for the future of Europe. The problem is to find a political formula for integration in the European Union. The current text aimed to outline the fundamental political challenges facing our country in the process of integration. The restructuring of the political space, the change of the functions of the Bulgarian political institutions, as well as social change are the basic lines along which the political elite of the state should work. The European priorities should not determine the foreign relations of Bulgaria, even the opposite; they should be matched with interests in other directions. The integration of Bulgaria into the European Union has to become a factor in the development of relations with other countries. Bulgaria has to walk on its own the path to membership in the European Union, and to make the necessary "sacrifices".


The distribution of framework aluminum inside micrometer-size particles of the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 has been investigated using transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images, after supporting platinum clusters inside the aluminum-containing region selectively via the ion exchange of Pt(NH3)42+. The TEM images show that the framework aluminum becomes distributed homogeneously inside the resultant MCM-41 particles if sodium aluminate is added to the reaction mixture, consisting of an aqueous solution of hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HTA) chloride and sodium silicate, before the formation of the surfactant−silicate mesostructure. On the other hand, the framework aluminum can be incorporated into the outer region within MCM-41 particles if the aluminum source is added after completing the formation of the mesostructure. The thickness of the aluminum-containing region, which results from the aluminum diffusion into the surfactant−silicate mesostructure, can be controlled by the diffusion time and t...


Submitted for the MAR12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Screening and electrostatic doping in multilayer graphene systems MARCELO KURODA, J. TERSOFF, RAZVAN NISTOR, GLENN MARTYNA, IBM TJ Watson Research Center — We study the electrostatic screening in multilayer graphene systems using ab initio calculations and analytical models. First principles calculations reveal that oriented (Bernal) and turbostratic graphene multilayers in contact with a metal slab show only small differences in their charge distribution despite their dissimilar electronic structure. In the turbostratic systems the layer decoupling enables the identification of the Dirac point for each individual layer. We then measure the shift of each Dirac point relative to the Fermi level of the system and compute the charge transfer to each layer. Results are compared with an analytical model considering discrete layers. The model shows that at T = 0 charge screening is highly nonlinear due to the vanishing density of states at the Fermi level. More importantly a strong dependence on charge and temperature results in a change of the screening length by more than an order of magnitude depending on the experimental conditions, reconciling the large range of screening lengths previously reported in experiments. Marcelo Kuroda IBM TJ Watson Research Center Date submitted: 08 Nov 2011 Electronic form version 1.4


This study examined the implementation of the Kansas Project Partnership objectives to improve teacher education by interviewing 53 representatives of 8 higher education institutions in Kansas (Pittsburg State University, Wichita State University, Emporia State University, Kansas State University, University of Kansas, the Associated Colleges of Central Kansas, Washburn University, and Fort Hays State University) that were implementing.subgrant programs. The goals of the project were to develop new programs and coursework options, restructure preservice teacher education, implement policies that would enable workers to take advantage of higher education opportunities, and establish an evaluation and a dissemination system. The primary objective of most subgrants has been that of better preparing teachers to serve students with diverse needs. Data were classified into themes, issues, and barriers for each institution. Themes of the subgrant programs include: preparation of general educational personnel to teach students with diverse learning needs; development or enhancement of partnerships with school districts or individual schools; and preparation of related services personnel to work more effectively across disciplines in the school setting. Case studies of the experiences in implementing the programs from each higher education institution are presented. Findings show that most of the project partnership subgrants have reflected grassroots efforts by individual faculty, program areas, and/or departments. The project has stimulated ongoing conversations among faculty members of Kansas Institutions of Higher Education. Policy directions indicate the importance of inclusive education and the empowerment of local communities and schools through the Quality Performance Accreditation system. Recommendations are made for the final years of the project, and include: continued evaluation activities; project partnership staff should assist projects in sharing information with each other and attempt to facilitate conversations in institutions which have encountered barriers; partnership subgroup participants-should continue to explore definitions and practices related to inclusive education; and subgrant participants should be assisted in focusing their vision on the systemic im act their efforts can have during the final years of


The authors propose a method to recognise facial expressions based on graph signal processing (GSP) techniques. Facial expressions are characterised by local patterns in the facial regions such as eyes, lips etc. and interrelationships among them. A facial expression recognition algorithm needs to capture these variations in the facial regions at the local level and the interrelationships of these regions at the global level. Hence, in the authors' opinion, GSP seems to be an appropriate tool for the purpose. In this study, a novel method is presented which makes use of graph signals to represent the facial regions. They leverage spectral graph wavelet transform to extract information for creating the feature descriptor. Here, different types of two-channel and three-channel filter banks have been used by setting the weights of their channels for finding the optimum performance of the recognition rate. Through simulation studies, it is observed that the use of Abspline filter bank provides the best result. The experimental investigations on the extended Cohn–Kanade (CK+) and the JAFFE datasets have been carried out and the results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in recognition rate improvement.


Changes in the social,political,cultural and economic arenas of life in the late twentieth century led theorists to suggest that western societies in particular had reached a condition of 'post-modernity'. Some of the basic features of what has become known as postmodernism include a rejection of grand all-encompassing theories (or meta-narratives), a consequent acknowledgement that there is no such thing as an absolute truth and an emphasis on individualism in personal life and on variety and differences within cultural forms including the media, architecture, art and literature. The influence of postmodernism's rejection of grand theory and the emphasis on diversity of explanations and on the role of the media in contemporary society have influenced how we theorise about crime and criminal justice.


In this paper, An Automatic Multilevel Thresholding Method for Image segmentation is propos ed based on Discrete Wavelet Transforms and Genetic Algorithm. We have c ombined Genetic Algorithm with DWT to make Segmentation faster and adequate results. First the length of the histogra m is reduced by using DWT. Using this Reduced Histo gram, the number of Thresholds and Threshold Value are determined by Ge netic Algorithm. The Thresholds are then projected in original Space. From the analysis of results, it can be concluded that t he proposed method is fast and accurate.


PURPOSE: A mobile payment method using a bar code and a system thereof are provided to reduce time required for a purchase of a product in offline by paying for the product through a mobile terminal. CONSTITUTION: A mobile terminal(100a) of a member store(franchise) extracts product information or/and base payment information inputted to a bar code by scanning the bar code. A selected payment method information is inputted to the mobile terminal. Payment information is generated. The payment information connects to a payment relay server or is transmitted to a payment server(400a) without the payment relay server. The mobile terminal receives a payment confirmation code from the payment relay server or the payment server.


Objective To establish an easy method for Lomefloxacine hydrochloride tablets by high performance capillary electrophoresis(HPCE).Methods The electrophoresis buffer consisted of 0.2mol/L NaH2PO4-H3PO4(pH4.0);The analysis was performed in an uncoated capillary of 50cm×75μm;The UV detection wave length was 282nm;The running votage was 25kV;The injection pressure and time was 0.5psi and 3s;The column temperature was 25℃.External calibration curve of peak area was used.Results There was excellent linearity between the peak area and concentration of lomefloxacine in the range of 50.00~500.00mg/L.The correlation coefficient was 0.9995.The average recovery were 99.94%,99.94%,96.25% respectively at the lower,middle and higher concentration(n=3).The relative standard deviation(RSD)value for migration time of intra-assay and inter-assay were 2.17% and 1.13% respectively.The relative standard deviation(RSD)value for peak area of intra-assay and inter-assay were 3.94%and 1.97% respectively.Conclusion The method is less solvent consumption,simple,rapid,accurate and is beneficial for quality analysis and control of lomefloxacine.


Interfaces between semiconductors and adsorbed molecules form a central area of research in surface science, occurring in many different contexts. One such application is the so-called Dye-Sensitiz ...


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the relationship of capital structure decision with the performance of the firms in the developing market economies like Pakistan. Methodology: Pooled Ordinary Least Square regression was applied to 36 engineering sector firms in Pakistani market listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) during the period 2003-2009. Findings: The results show that financial leverage measured by short term debt to total assets (STDTA) and total debt to total assets (TDTA) has a significantly negative relationship with the firm performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Gross Profit Margin (GM) and Tobin's Q. The relationship between financial leverage and firm performance measured by the return on equity (ROE) is negative but insignificant. Asset size has an insignificant relationship with the firm performance measured by ROA and GM but negative and significant relationship exists with Tobin's Q. Firms in the engineering sector of Pakistan are largely dependent on short term debt but debts are attached with strong covenants which affect the performance of the firm. Originality/Value: This is first paper to study an individual sector like engineering industry in Pakistan on the mentioned topic.


Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the systemic inflammatory response indices (SII) for the prediction of the non–organ-confined (non-OC) disease in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients.Materials and Methods: From March 2010 to March 2020, patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in a single tertiary center were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor location, multifocality, hydronephrosis on preoperative imaging, and preoperative SII, including C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were used for analysis. Non-OC defined by locally advanced (pT3-4) or node-positive disease (pN1-2) in pathologic examination. Multivariable logistic regression was used for determining independent predictive markers of non-OC disease. Factors associated with locally advanced (pT3-4), and node-positive (pN1-2) disease were also analyzed.Results: Overall, 711 UTUC patients who underwent RNU, without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were analyzed. The average age was 68.6±9.9 years and 507 patients were male. Non-OC disease was 36.8% (262 of 711); specifically, 35.9% (255 of 711) was locally advanced and 7.2% (51 of 771) was node-positive disease. Multivariable analysis demonstrated hydronephrosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95%confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.01; p=0.02), high PLR (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.05–2.01; p=0.03), and high CAR (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.79–3.66; p<0.01) were independent predictive markers non-OC disease. Hydronephrosis (p=0.01), high PLR (p=0.02), and high CAR (p<0.01) were predictive markers for locally advanced disease, and multifocal tumor (p<0.01) and high CAR (p<0.01) were predictive markers for node-positive disease.Conclusions: CAR is a novel important factor for predicting any subtype of non-OC disease among SII. Large scale, multicenter studies should validate the clinical role of CAR.


The kaolinite-polyacrylamide inte rcalation compound was prepared fir st by the displacement reaction of th e kaolinite-formamide intercalatio n precursor with 30%acrylamide ethanol solution,and then the polymeriz ation under 140℃for 15h with the catalysis of dibenzoyl peroxide.The XRD analy ses showed that the basal spacings of kaolinite-acrylamide intercalation compound and kaolinite-polyacry lamide compound were 1.135nm and 1.144nm respectively.The kaolinite-polya crylamide compound was able to resis t to 30-min washing with water,but th e kaolinite-acrylamide compound was unstable during washing.FT-IR proved that the hydrogen bonds were forme d between kaolinite Si-O group and polyacrylamide NH group and between kaolinite inner surface hydroxyl and polyacrylamide C =O group,and that p arts of NH group keyed into the kaolin ite ditrigonal hole.TG and DTG analysis proved that kaolinite-polyacrylamide was stable under 350℃.A net weight loss of 16.63%between 370℃~500℃is due to the removal of interca lated polyacrylamide from the interlamellar space of kaolinite.These results clearly indicate that acrylamide has been intercalated into the layers of kaolinite and was polymerized in-situ.Based on the TG data,the formula of the kaolinite-polyacrylami de intercalation compound,Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 CH 2 CHCONH 2  0.736 ,can be calculated.


The Design contents and every phases results of Computations like section stress,deformation stabilization were introduced in this paper according to a certain Long Span CFST Strength-frame Arch Bridge,it can be used in the same bridge construction for construction phase partitioning.


We present an experimental study of X-ray generation from nanostructured ZnO targets. Samples of different morphology ranging from nanowires to polished surfaces are irradiated by relativistically intense femtosecond laser pulses. X-ray emission of plasma is generated by 45 fs 130 mJ laser pulses at 400 nm with picosecond temporal contrast better than 10−9 interacting with an array of ZnO nanowires. The measured spectra indicate the existence of highly ionized states of Zn (up to He-like Zn). The obtained flux of ∼1010 photons per laser shot at the neutral Zn Kα energies around 8.65 keV and at the Zn Heα energies around 9 keV is almost 3 times higher for nanostructured targets compared to the reference polished sample and implies 10−4 conversion efficiency from the laser energy to the total energy of the emitted X-ray photons.


A promising and practicable basis to perform an evolutional way of system development with respect to grown structures and existing infrastructure is shown in this paper. Therefore, structured methods together with hierarchical orders are invented using separation of function and implementation as an unavoidable prerequisite. The paper shows the application of the outlined modeling policies to several different aspects of railway operations control systems (train control system, safety proof for mag lev train operation system, train localization, satellite navigation). A brief outlook is given on how these policies can also be used for the increase of efficiency in design and implementation.


In the post-war period, Poland's road design practice did not account for roundabouts, even though many European countries, mainly the UK and France, chose this as a commonly used type of junction. Following the dramatic road safety decline, roundabouts have been recognised in Poland as an alternate to signalization and an effective road safety measure. Published in 1996, "Roundabout Design Guidelines" (Tracz et al., 1996) triggered the use of roundabouts and helped to provide a uniform, and technically justified, approach to selecting the geometric parameters of roundabout design. It is now possible to evaluate the roundabouts built, in terms of their safety, operational effects, the choice of geometric parameters and observance of the guidelines. The specifics of Poland's roads and road traffic (hardly any road network hierarchization, mixed traffic, etc.) requires a thorough analysis of data on the location of the roundabout being designed. The paper presents an evaluation of the respective design practice based on about a dozen roundabouts that have been recently built in Poland. A recommendation as to further implementation of roundabouts on urban and rural roads is given. The paper presents the effects that the applied geometric solutions have had on road safety (road accidents, traffic conflicts), speed of traffic on roundabouts and traffic capacity.


Objective. The purpose of this study is to examine the claims that poor and nonwhite communities host a disproportionately large number of waste disposal facilities because these communities received less protection against waste disposal facilities than wealthier and predominantly white communities. Methods. This is a statistical study of the demographic characteristics of communities surrounding hazardous waste sites in metropolitan Texas. It compares ethnic and economic characteristics of these communities both at time of siting and during the 1990 Census. These results are statistically tested using chi-square and Cramer's V. Results. At time of siting there were statistically significant positive relationships between siting, poverty, and a predominantly white host population. For 1990 data poverty remained significant, but race did not, indicating a shifting ethnic composition. Low population density is proposed as an alternative explanation. Conclusions. These results emphasize the need for research on the historical characteristics of the communities surrounding locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) and the changes that occur in host communities after siting. By gaining an understanding of these broader issues, we will be better able to address the social, economic, and environmental issues associated with environmental justice


Ube3a deficiency causes a decrease in cerebellar tonic inhibition by preventing degradation of GABA transporter 1 in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome. Elucidating the Mechanism of Ataxia in Angelman Syndrome Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Ube3a. A variety of symptoms, including severe developmental delay, speech impairment, epilepsy, and movement and balance problems, are associated with Angelman syndrome. In a new study, Egawa et al. investigate electrophysiological features of cerebellar dysfunction in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome. The authors report that extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor–mediated tonic inhibition decreases in cerebellar granule cells from the Ube3a-deficient Angelman mice. They then show that, normally, Ube3a binds to GABA transporter 1, a key modulator of extrasynaptic GABA, and controls its degradation in the mouse cerebellum. The Ube3a-deficient mice, however, showed a surplus of GABA transporter 1, resulting in decreased GABA concentrations in the extrasynaptic space and thus decreased tonic inhibition of cerebellar granule cells. Pharmacological compensation of decreased tonic inhibition by administering low doses of THIP, a selective agonist of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors, alleviated impaired motor function in the Ube3a-deficient mice. Thus, attenuated GABA transporter 1 degradation and a consequent decrease in tonic inhibition of cerebellar granule cells play a key role in the cerebellar dysfunction characteristic of Angelman syndrome. Pharmacologically increasing tonic inhibition with THIP may be a useful strategy for alleviating movement and balance problems in patients with this disease. Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function of the UBE3A gene encoding a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Motor dysfunction is a characteristic feature of Angelman syndrome, but neither the mechanisms of action nor effective therapeutic strategies have yet been elucidated. We report that tonic inhibition is specifically decreased in cerebellar granule cells of Ube3a-deficient mice, a model of Angelman syndrome. As a mechanism underlying this decrease in tonic inhibition, we show that Ube3a controls degradation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT1) and that deficiency of Ube3a induces a surplus of GAT1 that results in a decrease in GABA concentrations in the extrasynaptic space. Administering low doses of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisothiazolo-[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP), a selective extrasynaptic GABAA receptor agonist, improves the abnormal firing properties of a population of Purkinje cells in cerebellar brain slices and reduces cerebellar ataxia in Ube3a-deficient mice in vivo. These results suggest that pharmacologically increasing tonic inhibition may be a useful strategy for alleviating motor dysfunction in Angelman syndrome.


This hospital basically serves the districts of Aubonne and Morges and partly those of Cossonay and Rolle. It comprises a block of six storeys, with the actual hospital, and another one of five storeys with a college for nurses and male nurses; both of them equipped with the latest inventions with regard to technique and comfort.
Both centres mutually use the service installations and the rooms that the other building disposes of, for a more rational utilization of the investment made.
The complex has a magnificent location in a natural environment. The construction is traditional, the structure being of reinforced concrete and the finishing of high quality.


The cultivation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is necessary for pharmaceutical and cosmetic production. The aim of our work was to investigate the effect of the plant density as well as the harvesting method on the yield and quality characteristics of M. officinalis, which is used as a source of polyphenols and essential oil in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. The field experiment was carried out in two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). The experiment was set up as a 2-factor experiment; the factors studied were the plant spacing (30 × 30 cm or 40 × 40 cm) and the harvesting method (single harvesting or double harvesting). The lemon balm herb was cut twice (in mid-July and early September) or once (in early September) depending on the combination. The air-dried leaves were subjected to laboratory tests to determine the essential oil, total tannin, and total flavonoid contents. The yield of lemon balm in the individual years in the study depended more on the harvesting method than on the plant density. The essential oil content was 0.25–0.38% depending on the plant density. Considering the yields of the fresh and air-dried herb and leaves, essential oil yield and oil, and tannin and flavonoid contents, a higher plant density (40 × 40 cm) is a better agronomic option than a lower density (30 × 30 cm). Harvesting the herb twice proved to be more efficient in terms of quantity and quality than a single harvest.


To boost the classification accuracy of support-vector-machines(SVM),we propose an algorithm with evo-lutionary multiple kernels(EMK),based on the genetic programming(GP).In this algorithm,each individual represents a multiple kernel function,and is encoded by the tree-structure for enhancing the non-linearity of the multiple kernel function.Grow method is applied to initialize the GP population,from which the EMK adapting to practical problems is obtained by genetic operations.No priori knowledge is required due to the global search of GP.Comparisons of experimental re-sults of EMK with the single kernel function and other multiple kernel functions show that EMK effectively improves the classification performance of SVM.


Nutritional problems are important causes of illness and premature death especially in underdeveloped and developing countries in the world. According to the International Food Policy Research Institute's 2015 Global Hunger Index, 795 million people who are mostly live in underdeveloped countries are unable to access adequate food. Furthermore 2 million people suffer from the consequences of micronutrients deficiencies. The use of chemical pesticides for pest control in agriculture is becoming widespread in order to supply the needs of the growing population and get high yield from the land. Epidemiological surveys have showed that acute and chronic pesticide exposures cause the neurological and behavioral disorders of children and adults, also several metaanalyzes have demonstrated the correlation between cancer and pesticide exposure. In terms of pesticide exposure, workers who are in the manufacturing plants, storages, distribution jobs, selling places, formulation factories and all agricultural workers have been reported to be the primary risk groups.


Objective To study the infection of EBV and HPV in a case of synchronous multiple primary malignant tumors of nasopharynx and larynx.Methods EBV-VCAIgA in plasma was detected by ELISA technique,and HPV6/11、16/18、31/33 and EBER in tissues were detected by hybridization in site.Results EBER was positive obviously in carcinoma of nasopharynx and positive occasionally in carcinoma of larynx.But three kinds of HPV were negative in both cancers.Plasma EBV-VCAIgA was present before treatment and disappeared after treatment.Conclusion Laryngeal tissue is not sensitive to EBV,and MPMT of nasopharynx and larynx is not caused by the same virus although their pathological locations are adjacent.


This study proposed an in-situ reactive method that uses graphene as a reinforcement to fabricate titanium metal matrix composites (TiMMCs) through powder metallurgy processing route. The volume fraction of graphene nanoplatelets was 1.8%vol, and the pure titanium was used as a matrix. The Archimedes density, hardness, microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens were compared under different ball milling times (20 min and 2.5 h) and hot pressing temperatures (900°C, 1150°C, and 1300°C,). The ultimate tensile strength of 630 MPa, which demonstrated a 27.3% increase compared with pure Ti, was achieved under a ball milling time of 20 min. Elongation increased with increasing temperature. When the ball milling time and hot pressing temperature were increased to 2.5 h and 1300 °C, respectively, the ultimate tensile strength of the composites reached 750 MPa, showing an increase of 51.5% compared with pure Ti.


The modeling and control problem was analyzed with doubly-fed wind power generator(DFIG) as the research object.According to the variation of wind speed,strategies for pitch angle control and the vector control of dual PWM converter were developed.Based on RTDS platform,a comprehensive DFIG transient simulation model was built to perform detailed simulation research on generator operation while wind speed changing and three short-circuit faults occurring.The simulation results show that this model can implement stator active power and reactive power decoupling control,keep DC bus voltage constant and adjust the power factor.The transient characteristics of the fault is consistent with theoretical analysis,which verifies the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the control strategy.


Two novel iridium(iii) complexes containing the electron-transporting group of 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole exhibited good photoluminescence and electroluminescence performances with an EQE of 31.43% and a mild efficiency roll-off.


This thesis presents the measurement of cross sections and forward-backward asymmetries of the reaction e+e− → τ+τ−(γ) at centre-of-mass energies close to the Z resonance and between 130 GeV and 172 GeV . The data collected with the L3 detector at the e+e−storage ring LEP in the years 1993 to 1994 on the Z pole and in 1995 to 1996 at higher energies is used. Using an integrated luminosity of 60.7 nb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of about 89 GeV , 91 GeV and 93 GeV on the Z pole about 50,000 events are selected as tau pairs. The event selection has an efficiency of about 77 percent in the polar angular range | cos θ| < 0.72. The remaining background of less than 2 percent of events from other reactions is dominated by muon pair production. Measuring in addition the charge of the particles allows the determination of the forward-backward asymmetry. As an example the result of the most precise measurement is given. The analysis of the data recorded in 1994 at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 91.218 GeV yields: σ tot = 1.4788 ± 0.0083 (stat) ± 0.0092 (syst) ± 0.0021 (lumi) nb, A fb = 0.0108 ± 0.0063 (stat) ± 0.0012 (syst). In the energy range from 130 GeV to 172 GeV about 60 percent of the events have a hard initial state bremsstrahlung and the e+e−-annihilation is taking place at an effective centre-of-mass energy √ s′ < √ s — mostly close to the Z mass. 117 events are selected for a total integrated luminosity of 24.1 pb−1 . Among these, 66 are produced at high effective centre-of-mass energies ( √ s′ > 0.85 · √s). At the highest centre-of-mass energy yet available in e+e−storage rings of √ s = 172.1 GeV the measured cross section for events with √ s′ > 0.85 · √s is σ (0.85) = 4.3 ± 1.1 (stat) ± 0.3 (syst) pb. The average forward-backward asymmetry for this class of events is, at centre-of-mass energies between 161 GeV and 172 GeV, A fb(0.85) = 0.52 ± 0.15 (stat) ± 0.04 (syst). Using the cross sections for tau pair production measured in this thesis, the decay width of the Z to leptons √ ΓeΓτ , and, using in addition the measured forward backward asymmetries iii for the tau pair production, the effective vector and axial-vector coupling constants for the Z boson to taus ḡ A, ḡ τ V are determined: √ ΓeΓτ = 86,95 ± 1,26 MeV, ḡ A = −0,5091 ± 0,0037, ḡ V = −0,0476 ± 0,0052. Using, in addition, the L3 results for the other decay channels of the Z boson and the measurement of the tau polarisation asymmetry the comparison of the decay widths into electrons, muons and taus and their coupling constants confirms lepton universality with an accuracy of up to 0.3 percent. The assumption of lepton universality allows the determination of the parameters of the Z with significantly higher accuracy: mZ = 91190 ± 4 MeV, ΓZ = 2502 ± 5 MeV, Γl = 84.07 ± 0.22 MeV, ḡA = −0.5012 ± 0.0007, ḡV = −0.0400 ± 0.0019. The leptonic coupling constants show the necessity to use electroweak radiative corrections. Born-level calculations are not able to describe the data. The measured coupling constants correspond to the following value of the effective weak mixing angle: sin θ̄w = 0,2302± 0,0009. The mass of the top quark and the Higgs boson are determined assuming the validity of the Standard Model. The following values, in good agreement with the result of the direct measurement of the top quark mass at FERMILAB, are obtained: mt = 187 ± 17 GeV, mH = 15 −10 GeV.


After 50 years of recognition and study, it is evident that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a particularly heterogeneous and unpredictable disease with respect to its clinical expression and natural history.1–5 Sudden death (SD) continues to be the most devastating complication of HCM, dating from its modern description.6 However, there were virtually no effective strategies for SD prevention until recently when HCM entered the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) era,7–9 creating an enhanced focus on risk stratification and reliable identification of high-risk patients.8–14 Consequently, it is timely to summarize what has been learned about HCM-related SD over these 5 decades, including the electrophysiological substrate, epidemiology, risk markers, and ultimately the role of ICDs, which have changed the natural course of this complex disease.

This discussion emphasizes the clarification of areas in which disagreement and divergent views arise, by using available information to achieve a balanced assessment of SD in HCM. However, these observations ultimately represent only a "snapshot" in time for what undoubtedly will prove to be an evolving area of investigation and understanding.

The specter of SD has been intertwined with the diagnosis of HCM, which is now regarded as the most common cause of these events in young people, including competitive athletes2,3,5,10–15 (Figure 1). Although the most visible complication of HCM,2,3,7–9,13 SD occurs in only a small minority of patients and is less common than other adverse disease consequences, including atrial fibrillation and progressive heart failure.3,11,16

Figure 1. SD and age in HCM. Top, SD is most common before ≈25 years of age, whereas heart failure and stroke generally occur later in life. From Maron et al.11 Used with permission from the American Heart Association, copyright © 2000. Bottom, Single most frequent cause of SD in young competitive athletes in the United States. …


Despite their high potential, most of the clinically approved iron oxide (IO)-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been withdrawn from the market either due to safety issues or lack of sales. To address this challenge, erythrocyte membranes have been used to prepare IO-based T2 contrast agents with superior MRI properties and higher safety margin. A simple formulation procedure has been proposed, and the nanostructures' morphology and physicochemical properties have been evaluated. We compared their performance in terms of contrast ability in MRI to the more clinically established magneto-liposomes and non-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs). The encapsulation of 5-nm iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) in the liposomes and erythrocyte membrane vesicles (EMVs) led to a significant improvement in their r2 relaxivity. r2 values increased to r2 = 188 ± 2 mM−1s−1 for magneto-liposomes and r2 = 269 ± 3 mM−1s−1 for magneto-erythrocyte membranes, compared to "free" IO NPs with (r2 = 12 ± 1 mM−1 s−1), measured at a 9.4 T MRI scanner. The superiority of magneto-erythrocyte membranes in terms of MRI contrast efficacy is clearly shown on T2-weighted MR images. Our study revealed the hemocompatibility of the developed contrast agents in the MRI-relevant concentration range.


In order to cooperate with the potato ground ridge cultivation mode,chemical weed control approach was used to control weeds in the experimental field.[Methods] And the four group pharmacies were selected which disposed of seedlings before soil closed and postemergence foliar treatment,to explore the best control effect of different treatments on controlling weeds on potato fields.[Results] The results showed that the best control effect was seedlings before soil closed treatment with acetochlor 90% EC 10 L/ha+oxadiazon 25% EC 9 L/ha+butralin 48% EC 28 L/ha,and the control efficacy was up to 95.42%.Then the control effect of postemergence foliar was up to 99.00% treated with bentazone 48% AS 3.75 L/ha+rimsulfuron 25% WG 0.02 kg/ha.[Conclusions] The cooperation application of the two treatment can be carried out in experimental field,to get the best effect.


Identification is an essential requirement of any medicolegal investigations, because a mistaken identity may pose a problem in delivering justice. The importance of placing identification marks on dentures has long been acknowledged by the dental profession. Because there is no international consensus about the methods of denture marking, we suggest newer methods for the same. A procedure for marking accurate identification markings on crowns and fixed partial dentures and denture micro-labelling with minimal cost is described in this article. Individuals who have been subjected to restorative procedures like fillings may be carrying their 'visiting cards' in their oral cavity. Practicing dentists can become valuable members of the dental identification process by using these techniques to mark dental restorations, which would be valuable in restoring their patients' identity.


Objective To investigate the role of IABP in the management of high-risk CABG patients during peri-operative period. Methods Forty-two high-risk coronary artery disease patients with IABP support during CABG procedure were included in this study. Their clinical manifestation, homodynamic data, death rate were retrospectively analyzed. Results The mean time of IABP support was (86.80土15.50) h. With IABP support, the mean artery pressure (MAP) and cardiac index (CI) were increased significantly, heart rate(HR) slowed down. When it was setup before or during the operation, IABP could improve the tolerance of the heart to the holder oppression during off pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), and made the patients much easier to wean from the cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB). Thirty-four patients were rehabilitatively discharged. Eight patients succumbed to low cardiac output symptom (LCOS) or multiple organ failure (MOF) died. Conclusions IABP is a simple available circulation assist device and it should be used aggressively in the management of high-risk CABG patients.


Disclosed is a practical mold release film which has excellent embeddability, while maintaining excellent properties of a mold release film using a syndiotactic polystyrene. Specifically disclosed is a mold release film having a mold release layer containing a syndiotactic polystyrene and a hydrogenated styrene thermoplastic elastomer. This mold release film is characterized in that the blending ratio of the hydrogenated styrene thermoplastic elastomer relative to the entire resin of the mold release layer is within the range of 15-35 wt%. The hydrogenated styrene thermoplastic elastomer is preferably (i) a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer or (ii) a styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer. The mold release layer may further contain a cyclic polyolefin resin.


Focussing on the hinterland of Delhi in the period between 1870 and 1910, this essay explores the ways in which Shahjahanbad/Old Delhi and its rural periphery approached each other.  In particular, the period saw a tighter integration of the economies of city and rural periphery with crucial repercussions on the 'constitution' of the rural itself.


Significance Two important features for cancer are the addiction to nutrients such as glucose, and the ability to escape immune clearance. How these two features are connected is poorly understood. Here, we reveal a link between glucose metabolism and cancer immune evasion. Aberrant glucose metabolism produces high levels of N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a ubiquitous form of protein modification. O-GlcNAc suppresses the degradation of the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells, the level of which is closely associated with cancer immune evasion. Reducing O-GlcNAc sensitizes cancer cells to immune cell killing, and inhibits tumor growth in mice. The study enhances our understanding of cancer immune regulation, and suggests strategies to improve cancer immune therapy.


The grain or flour mite, Acarus siro L. (formerly called Tyroglyphus farinae L.) is a serious and widespread pest of stored foodstuffs, particularly grain and grain products. Recently, Griffiths (1964) has shown that the flour mite represents a complex of three species, Acarus siro L., sensu Griffiths 1964, which appeared to be the dominant species found in stored-product habitats, A. farris (Ouds. 1905) and A. immobilis Griffiths 1964, which seemed to be field species sometimes transported to storage premises. For some years, a comprehensive study of the rates of survival, development and reproduction of A. siro has been in progress at this laboratory. The present paper describes the results of experiments carried out to determine the physical limits for survival and complete development of this species. Since these experiments were begun, other authors have published studies covering the same ground but in less detail. The present results seem worth publishing because of their greater precision and also because it is useful to record the similarities and differences between mites from different regions or on different food materials. Also, Griffiths' work indicates that some of the published information on A. siro may be based on misidentifications of A. farris and A. immobilis. Although the effects of temperature and humidity are interdependent I have found it convenient, for purposes of presentation, to deal with them separately as far as possible.


Through Silicon Interposer (TSI) technology is one of the most promising platforms for the next generation packages, due to its low power and high interconnect bandwidth in the package design. TSI is built on top of COC (chip on chip) and engaged with the connection to the external world, which allows I/O pitches less than 50um. Moreover, with BEOL (Back-End-of-Line) Cu Damascene technology, fine pitch chip-to-chip routing is achievable (Line width/Line spacing 0.4um/0.4um). In order to achieve high power requirements or better thermal performance, thermal design and analysis should be considered. Together with SI (signal integration) and PI (power integration) in chip level and package level, board level design has more freedom to introduce cooling component in the package so that to dissipate the extra heat, which can't be dissipated in chip and package level. EMC (epoxy molding compound) was proposed to be backgrinded to zero overmold to reduce the thermal resistance in package level. In the board level design, we mainly focus on the thermal design using heat sink. The air cooling system is chosen due to its simplicity and lower cost than other designs like liquid cooling. The material of aluminum is chosen for the proposed heat sink to reduce the total cost and weight of the heat sink. The heat sink is finally selected and its efficiency is carefully studied, comparing to the design data sheet. A total heat dissipation capability of 77.5 W is defined for the proposed DRAM and FPGA with localized heat source effect. Simulation methodology was built up by ANSYS icepak software with forced air cooling solution. TIM, FPGA, DRAM, micro bump layer, organic BT substrate, C4 ball layer and PCB board are all included in the design and simulation. The key to success lies on BLT control of the TIM layer.


Biofuels and biochemicals are currently centre stage in the on-going scientific and political debate. The prevalent opinion is that their use can significantly reduce the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and primary energy demand along their whole value chain. This study aims at evaluating the environmental impact in terms of GHGs related to carbon dioxide (CO2) of second-generation sugars (2GSs) production from cardoon residual biomass. Cardoon is a favourable crop in Mediterranean areas for its adaptation to cold winters and hot summers as well as its abundant yields. 2GSs are essential in the production of bio-BDO, a high-quality intermediate widely used for producing bioplastics. The whole value chain is considered, from cardoon cultivation to 2GSs production. Transport of raw materials from field to biorefinery is also included. The approach followed for the systematic evaluation of the environmental impact is that of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Since the use of sugars is not considered, a cradle-to-gate analysis is performed. Data on cardoon cultivation refer to a 3-years field experiment conducted at the ENEA Trisaia Research Centre and concern the use of seeding material, fertilizers, water and fuel. Residual biomass is not the only product derived from cardoon cultivation, hence an energy-based allocation procedure is adopted. Transport of raw materials occurs with a 40 t truck on a reference distance of 30 km. A biorefinery plant for 2GSs production is designed. It treats 60,000 t/y residual biomass and returns almost 20,000 t/y sugars. The sustainability of the value chain is measured in terms of kgCO2eq per kg of 2GSs produced. Primary energy demand is computed. Results show that GHGs emissions associated to 1 kg of produced sugars is equal to 5.33 kgCO2eq. The overall installed power amounts to 1,370 kW. As regard electrical and thermal energy, the whole production process demands about 7,890 MWh/y and 191,802 MWh/y respectively. The work falls within the scope of the Rebiochem Project funded by the Italian Ministry of Education and Research and coordinated by Novamont S.p.A.


This paper presents a semi-automatic system for home video annotation that searches into the video contents and retrieves video shots for a specific person. The proposed system is composed of four phases; 1) shot detection phase that detects shots boundaries and divides the original video into shots, 2) face detection and recognition phase that detects faces in video shots based on Haar-like features and uses the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm for features extraction in order to select the eigenvectors with the largest eigenvalues, 3) face clustering and annotation phase that groups faces with similar facial features into the same cluster and apply face annotation on persons' shots (person's faces) using User Interface, and 4) retrieving phase that enables the user to enter a query to search by person's name then retrieves the video shots for this query from the database of the video shots. The proposed system is simple and provides a friendly user interface. It greatly reduces workload and enhances the accuracy of annotating person's faces in home videos.


(1.) Smicra divisa, Walker.—On July 8th, 1892, Prof. C. H. T. Townsend collected some speceiments of a Simcra in the Grand Canon, Arizona; and on July 27th he obtained what is doubtless at ♂ of the same species, at the Zuni River, Arizona. These had remained in our collection unnamed, until Miss MacGilmore, a student in zoology, worked them over, and concluded they were probably Walker's divisa. I hardly agreed with this, rather thinking the insect was new, but Mr. Ashmead has now seen a specimen, and declares it is really divisa.


A copper-tolerant isolate of Scenedesmus from Sudbury, Ontario, cultured in medium completely lacking copper, lost its ability to grow at high copper concentrations after 10 generations. The change was sudden in onset and relatively rapid. The algae had previously been maintained on medium with micronutrient levels of copper and had retained their tolerance over 7 years of laboratory culture.The tolerance of the copper depleted cells to nickel and cobalt also decreased. Their tolerance to cadmium and silver was unchanged by copper depletion. The situation for zinc tolerance was less clear, but there was no significant decrease over the range tested.When copper-depleted cells were cultured in complete medium with micronutrient levels of copper, copper tolerance increased after four divisions and recovered to the original state after eight divisions. Plate assays indicated that all of the cells in the culture were recovering i.e., this was not a reselection of a few tolerant cells.The results are discussed ...


The study focuses on the sustainable management of urban residential land-use intensity,taking the central urban area of Tianjin as an example.First,the major indicators and principles are specified.Then,the general intensity of residential land-use of the case study area is suggested based on the analysis of historical evolution,future planning,and spatial distribution.Strategies for the crucial areas are proposed considering the environmental,social and economic factors.The value scopes of the key indicators are discussed through spatial simulation and exemplary study of typical urban housing design,and by comparison with similar cities.Finally,the controlling principles and indicators are concluded for the residential land-use intensity of the central urban area of Tianjin from 2006—2020.


The higher order singularities[1] are systematically examined, and discussed are their complementarity relation with the nonsingular eigenfunctions and their relations to the configurational forces like J-integral and M-integral. By use of the so-called two state conservation laws[2] or interaction energy, originally proposed by Eshelby[3] and later treated by Chen and Shield[4], the intensities of the higher order singularities are calculated, and their roles in elastic-plastic fracture are investigated. Numerical examples are presented for illustration.


Pia Wiegmink's timely examination of the transforming transnational spaces of protest in a globalizing and technologically mediated public sphere in "Performance and Politics in the Public Sphere" offers a well-researched review of contemporary theory surrounding ideas of the political (Chantal Mouffe), the public sphere (Jurgen Habermas), the transnational public sphere (Nancy Fraser), and the reterritorialized transnational public sphere (Markus Schroer) as the basis for her analysis of how the performance of political action in public—virtual or physical—is transformed by the capacity of the local to be played on a global stage, thus turning the citizen-actor into a cosmopolitan, transnational force. Tracing examples from the Seattle protests against the World Trade Organization meetings in 1999 by the Global Justice Movement to the work of the Electronic Disturbance Theater, from the civil rights movement to the subject matter of her larger study, "The Church of Life After Shopping," "Billionaires for Bush," and "The Yes Men," Wiegmink provides an important analysis of the "alternative aesthetics" of the counterpublics' formation, dissent, and action in and against hegemony. This selection is taken from her monograph, Protest EnACTed: Activist Performance in the Contemporary United States, a strong, cultural studies–focused contribution to transnational American Studies.


Under decompression, disordered solids undergo an unjamming transition where they become under-coordinated and lose their structural rigidity. The mechanical and vibrational properties of these materials have been an object of theoretical, numerical, and experimental research for decades. In the study of low-coordination solids, understanding the behavior and physical interpretation of observables that diverge near the transition is of particular importance. Several such quantities are length scales ($\xi$ or $l$) that characterize the size of excitations, the decay of spatial correlations, the response to perturbations, or the effect of physical constraints in the boundary or bulk of the material. Additionally, the spatial and sample-to-sample fluctuations ($\chi$) of macroscopic observables such as coordination number or elastic moduli diverge approaching unjamming. Here, we discuss important connections between all of these quantities, and present numerical results that characterize the scaling properties of sample-to-sample standard deviations $\chi$ in ensembles of low-coordination disordered sphere packings and spring networks. Overall, we highlight three distinct scaling regimes and two crossovers in $\chi_Z$ and $\chi_\mu$ ($\chi$ measured for the excess coordination $\delta z$ and the shear modulus $\mu$ respectively) as a function of system size $N$ and proximity to unjamming $\delta z$. Importantly, $\chi_\mu$ has been linked to experimentally accessible quantities that relate to sound attenuation and the density of vibrational states in glasses. We investigate similarities and differences in the behavior of $\chi_Z$ and $\chi_\mu$ near the transition and discuss the implications of our findings on current literature, unifying findings in previous studies.


The Research aims to understand how have program good governance on cooperation on commission public service the province of east java the cooperation between commission public service east java in the city surabaya by radio, television, legal aid institutions and ngos of the society in creating good governance ).The kind of research descriptive, namely is research intended to described and analyze.The locus the study is done in commission public service the province of east java, surabaya.The east ngagel no. 56, surabaya. The result of this research the implementation of the good governance in cooperation between commission public service by a community complaint post , represented the radio , television , legal aid institutions and ngos in indicators information , data , consultation , negotiation , presenting , reported , and in the aspect of mutually beneficial and develop between the two sides are engaged , are already done enough for kpp in support the kpp so far .This is proven would know the community in the existence of kpp and a community complaint post in helping people who have trouble administration . But cooperation do kpp and a community complaint post still it has not optimal, this can be seen as follows: (1) dialogue, interactive done kpp with a community complaint post represented the radio and television perceived less than optimal, because hampered by intensity, caused budget problems. (2) compensation, kpp had difficulty budget, which will the budget affect operational activities done by a community complaint post.Compensation to a community complaint post already provided, troubled about abuse authority. (3) efficiency , in budget cuts done kpp to a community complaint post , influence on the the socialization a community complaint post represented the television .This is evidenced in budget cuts which was previously rp .3.000.000 , -- earned the right siar six times live telecast , and when budget cuts to rp .2.000.000 , -just earned the right siar socialization live twice telecast .( 4 ) the effectiveness of , complaints about the problem , is still being felt by less .Because target of kpp in one year the period cooperation with a community complaint post across the province of east java wanted reach of 864 complaints , this troubled about suply given a community complaint post .


Judicial practice and legislative enactments in pursuit of a "national" maritime policy during the 18th and 19th centuries displaced in various countries a venerable uniform "law of the sea" and gave rise to a sharp conflict of laws.' Already by the end of the past century, divergencies in the regulation of the carriers' liability under contracts of affreightment evidenced by bills of lading had attracted attention and had caused concern. The most spectacular conflict in that regard involved the validity of "negligence" clauses, namely clauses designed to exonerate the carrier from liability for his or his servants' negligence in connection with damage to the cargo.2 In countries where cargo interests dominated, "negligence" clauses were declared invalid; in other countries, where hull interests prevailed, such clauses were given effect under the cover of an almost unlimited freedom of contracting.3 In addition, the domestic policy favoring the shipper or the carrier was frequently carried into the international field by the adoption of conflicts rules safeguarding the application of domestic standards to bills of lading involving significant international contacts.4 Thus, due to varying domestic standards


The commerce data mining is extracting the hidden information which has latent application value for commercial enterprises.This paper presents a complete commercial data mining based on the rough set theory,which is applied to developing data preprocessing,removeing redundant attributes,and extracting decision rules from an instance of the store's customer value analysis.


A novel bio-mimetic wireless micro robot for endoscope is developed.Its autonomous manner is earthworm-like and driven by linear actuators based on DC motor.It is different from the conventional micro robot endoscope that wireless module is used for communicating and power transfer.The fabricated micro robot system is detailedly described,including structure,micro robot locomotion principle,communication control module and wireless power transfer module.The experimental results show that the driving force of the linear actuator can reach to 2.55 N and supplying power is up to 480 mW DC power for receiving coil in the proposed system,which all fulfill the need of the micro robot system.The micro robot can creep reliably in the large intestine of pig and other contact environments.


Directive behaviors enable parents to continually guide their children's activities. Conventional methods for studying such behaviors include in-situ observations, video analysis, and questionnaires. Methods for studying directive behaviors in parent-child interactions using sensor technology have been little explored. In this sense, it is unclear whether such methods can include on-body artifacts such as gloves and augmented objects in children with Down syndrome. In this work, we explore game experience in parent-child dyads through an augmented puzzle and gloves. We evaluated game experience using the Wizard-of-Oz technique. The results of this work can be used for the design of augmented artifacts used for studying directive behaviors of parents of children with disabilities.


The distribution of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in maize ears infected with Fusarium graminearum was determined. In 1990 and 1991, individual ears of five maize inbreds (CO272, F7, F2, A641, and CO266) and one hybrid (CO272 x CO266) were inoculated at approximately 6 days after silk emergence by the injection of a macroconidial suspension into the silk channel. Ears were harvested in mid-October and disease severity was visually evaluated using a rating scale of 1 to 7, in which 1 = no infection and 7 = > 75% of the kernels exhibiting symptoms of infection. Deoxynivalenol concentrations were determined in three ear tissue fractions : symptomless kernels, symptomatic kernels, and the cob. Disease severity ratings and deoxynivalenol concentrations were higher in 1990 than in 1991. In both years and for almost all genotypes, the highest concentration of deoxynivalenol was in the cob, followed by the symptomatic kernels and the symptomless kernels. Disease severity ratings of the ears at harvest were highly correlated to deoxynivalenol concentrations of kernels and whole ears.


The brushless doubly fed induction machine (DFIM), without brushes and slip rings, is regarded as an attractive alternative to the conventional DFIM in terms of reliability. This paper presents a sensorless field-oriented control strategy for the brushless-DFIM, which further increases its attractiveness as a drive system. With the use of a straightforward and alternative time-dynamic brushless-DFIM model, a complete brushless-DFIM based drive is modeled and used for the development of the sensorless control strategy. The developed sensorless control strategy is implemented in an experimental setup. Simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the developed sensorless control strategy can control the brushless-DFIM in a stable and responsive manner over its full operating speed range. In this way, a fully functional sensorless control strategy for the brushless-DFIM is demonstrated for the first time in the literature.


In many application suck as face detection or recognition a major phase would be eye detection. In addition, its wide use as a part of serious applications, made it an important task should be worked on. Using color characteristics is a useful way to detect eyes. We use special color space, YCbCr which its components give us worthwhile information about eyes. We make two maps according to its components and merge them to obtain a final map. Candidates are generated on this final map. We apply an extra phase on candidates to determine suitable eye pair. The extra phase consists of flexible thresholding and geometrical tests. Flexible thresholding makes generating candidates more carefully and geometrical tests allow proper candidates to be selected as eyes. Simulation results on CVI and Iranian Databases showed this phase improved the correct detection rate by about 12.4% and reach 98.5% success rate on the average.


We study the problem of computing the reachable principals of simulation preorder and the reachable blocks of simulation equivalence. Following a theoretical investigation of the decidability and complexity aspects of this problem, which in particular highlights a stark contrast with the already settled case of bisimulation, we design algorithms to solve this problem by leveraging the idea of interleaving reachability and simulation computation while possibly avoiding the computation of all the reachable states or the whole simulation preorder. In particular, we put forward a symbolic algorithm processing state partitions and, in turn, relations between their blocks, which is suited for processing infinite state systems.


In this paper a new classification algorithm is proposed for the Classification of Age rank both in male and female. In order to develop algorithm 125 camera captured images of seven male and seven female in different angles images. With a view to extract features from the Captured images after image processing, an algorithm proposes (FFT) Fast Fourier Transform coefficients. The Efficient classifiers based on Generalized feed forward (GFF) Neural Network. A separate Cross-Validation dataset is used for proper evaluation of the proposed classification algorithm with respect to important performance measures, such as MSE and classification accuracy. The Average Classification Accuracy of GFF Neural Network comprising of one hidden layers with 2 PE's organized in a typical topology is found to be superior for Training . Finally, optimal algorithm has been developed on the basis of the best classifier performance. The algorithm will provide an effective alternative to traditional method of Age rank detection using captured image analysis for deciding the age in male and female. Keywords— Matlab, NeuroSolution ,Microsoft excel, camera captured images, GFF networks, learning rules. INTRODUCTION Face images convey a significant amount of knowledge including information about the identity, emotional state, ethnic origin, gender, age, and head orientation of a person shown in a face image. This type of information plays a significant role during face-toface communication between humans . Current trends in information technology dictate the improvement of the interaction between humans and machines, in an attempt to upgrade the accessibility of computer systems. As part of this effort, many researchers have recently directed their research effort toward age estimation problem. Age estimation is the determination of a person's age based on biometric features . Although age estimation can be accomplished using different biometric traits, this research focus on facial age estimation that relies on biometric features extracted from a person's face. The process of age determination could figure in a variety of applications ranging from age-based access control, age adaptive human machine interaction., age invariant person identification and data mining and organization . In additional to problems encountered in other typical face image interpretation tasks such as face detection, face recognition, expression and gender recognition, age estimation displays additional unique challenges due to the complex variations, including cosmetics usage, personal specialties, living conditions, gender and ethnic differences. In this research, we try to prove that computer can estimate/classify human age according to features extracted from human facial image using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Artificial neural networks (ANN) are parallel computational models, comprising closely interconnected adaptive processing units. The important characteristic of neural networks is their adaptive nature, where 'learning by example replaces programming'. This feature makes the ANN techniques very appealing in application domains for solving highly nonlinear phenomena. ANN have been applied successfully to many application. Most of these applications are based on statistical estimation, optimization and control theory such as speech recognition, image analysis and adaptive control. A Multilayer neural network can approximate any smooth, measurable function between input and output vectors by selecting a suitable set of connecting weight and transfer functions. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June, 2017 ISSN 2091-2730 34 www.ijergs.org In our research, we devote our study to produce a system which is capable for estimating the age of a person as reliably as humans. To achieve this goal we follow a research methodology that consists of the following steps: First we capture a real human face image from people around (friends and family). Second we use matlab tool to locate and extract the face features. Third we preprocess and prepare the data for ANN training. Finally we apply our experiments and analyze the results. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Figure2.1 Methodology of work It is proposed to study age rank Recognition Using Neural Network Approaches.. Data acquisition for the proposed classifier designed for the Recognition of Human Age shall be in the form of facial images. Image data will be Collected from the differentdifferent Faces .The most important un correlated features as well as coefficient from the images will be extracted .In order to extract features, statistical techniques, image processing techniques, transformed domain will be used. NEURAL NETWORKS Following Neural Networks are tested: Feed-Forward Neural Networks Figure 3.1 feed-forward network. Feed-forward networks have the following characteristics: 1. Perceptrons are arranged in layers, with the first layer taking in inputs and the last layer producing outputs. The middle layers have no connection with the external world, and hence are called hidden layers. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June, 2017 ISSN 2091-2730 35 www.ijergs.org 2. Each perceptron in one layer is connected to every perceptron on the next layer. Hence information is constantly "fed forward" from one layer to the next., and this explains why these networks are called feed-forward networks. 3. There is no connection among perceptrons in the same layer. A single perceptron can classify points into two regions that are linearly separable. Now let us extend the discussion into the separation of points into two regions that are not linearly separable. Consider the following network: Figure. 3.2 A feed-forward network with one hidden layer. The same (x, y) is fed into the network through the perceptrons in the input layer. With four perceptrons that are independent of each other in the hidden layer, the point is classified into 4 pairs of linearly separable regions, each of which has a unique line separating the region. Figure 3.3 lines each dividing the plane into 2 linearly separable regions. The top perceptron performs logical operations on the outputs of the hidden layers so that the whole network classifies input points in 2 regions that might not be linearly separable. For instance, using the AND operator on these four outputs, one gets the intersection of the 4 regions that forms the center region. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June, 2017 ISSN 2091-2730 36 www.ijergs.org Figure3.4 Intersection of 4 linearly separable regions forms the center region. By varying the number of nodes in the hidden layer, the number of layers, and the number of input and output nodes, one can classification of points in arbitrary dimension into an arbitrary number of groups. Hence feed-forward networks are commonly used for classification. Learning Rules used:  Momentum Momentum simply adds a fraction m of the previous weight update to the current one. The momentum parameter is used to prevent the system from converging to a local minimum or saddle point. A high momentum parameter can also help to increase the speed of convergence of the system. However, setting the momentum parameter too high can create a risk of overshooting the minimum, which can cause the system to become unstable. A momentum coefficient that is too low cannot reliably avoid local minima, and can also slow down the training of the system.  Conjugate Gradient CG is the most popular iterative method for solving large systems of linear equations. CG is effective for systems of the form A=xb-A (1) where x _is an unknown vector, b is a known vector, and A _is a known, square, symmetric, positive-definite (or positiveindefinite) matrix. (Don't worry if you've forgotten what "positive-definite" means; we shall review it.) These systems arise in many important settings, such as finite difference and finite element methods for solving partial differential equations, structural analysis, circuit analysis, and math homework. Developed by Widrow and Hoff, the delta rule, also called the Least Mean Square (LMS) method, is one of the most commonly used learning rules. For a given input vector, the output vector is compared to the correct answer. If the difference is zero, no learning takes place; otherwise, the weights are adjusted to reduce this difference. The change in weight from ui to uj is given by: dwij = r* ai * ej, where r is the learning rate, ai represents the activation of ui and ej is the difference between the expected output and the actual output of uj. If the set of input patterns form a linearly independent set then arbitrary associations can be learned using the delta rule. It has been shown that for networks with linear activation functions and with no hidden units (hidden units are found in networks with more than two layers), the error squared vs. the weight graph is a paraboloid in n-space. Since the proportionality constant is negative, the graph of such a function is concave upward and has a minimum value. The vertex of this paraboloid represents the point where the error is minimized. The weight vector corresponding to this point is then the ideal weight vector.  Quick propagation Quick propagation (Quickprop) [1] is one of the most effective and widely used adaptive learning rules. There is only one global parameter making a significant contribution to the result, the e-parameter. Quick-propagation uses a set of heuristics to optimise Backpropagation, the condition where e is used is when the sign for the current slope and previous slope for the weight is the same.  Delta by Delta International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June, 2017 ISSN 2091-2730 37 www.ijergs.org Developed by Widrow and Hoff, the delta rule, also called the Least Mea


The development and use of FerryBox systems as a cost-effective instrument for continuous observations of the marine environment has been well established since more than 15 years. The systems have ...


In the last few decades, entrepreneurship has garnered the attention of researchers, educators and policymakers. It has been viewed as a catalyst for economic progress, development and employment on a global setting. University Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) has envisioned to be a leading technopreneurial university, thus a number of entrepreneurial courses have been offered to students as a way to produce graduates who are equipped with the ability to set up or venture into new own businesses. This study aims to investigate the driving factors that promote inclination towards entrepreneurship among UniKL MICET students during their enrolment, even before they graduate. The aspects to be examined are within the realms of psychological environment, personal trait environment, personal objective and the university's role of encouragement. A set of questionnaire using the Likert scale was distributed to 120 UniKL MICET students who have taken up entrepreneurial subjects. It is hoped that the findings will offer discernment on areas that can further increase students' inclination toward entrepreneurship once they have graduated.


In order to understand hospital staff performance assessment status in tertiary hospital in China,combining with literature review and the practice of performance assessment in some well known tertiary hospitals,staff performance assessment methods and their results in some tertiary hospital in China were reviewed.It showed that the hospital performance appraisal of each has its own merits.The methods played important roles on strengthening the staff enthusiasm,improving hospital performance and promoting health system scientific management.Problems,causes and impact in performance assessment were discussed and the prospect of performance assessment were presented.


William E. Pearson is Headmaster of Woodland Academy, Montross, Virginia. The dilemma in the minds of con te porary secondary social stud ies teachers is not so much what to teach, as it is how to teach it. A careful investiga tion of any high school curriculum will present teachers with the ABC's of what is to be taught at a given grade level in a particular school. However, very few curricula include everything teachers must present to the inquiring minds which they face each day. No curriculum will give a hint as to how the material within its frame