Major disasters continue to affect millions of people worldwide every year. These disasters range from earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, cyclones, hunger, terrorist activities to collapse of buildings, among others. Floods and droughts are by far the most common natural disasters worldwide and account for the most deaths. The deadliest disaster of the 20th century was the China floods of 1931, which resulted in more than a million deaths. One common characteristic of these disasters is the poor predictability and inability to stop the occurrence of the same. This research proposes a real time IoT big data analytics system that collects a huge amount of flood and drought related information generated prior to, during, and after the disaster, and employs big data analytics and visualization techniques among others to support situational awareness and decision making by providing timely, accurate and relevant information to relevant groups of stakeholders. It is to be noted that with slight changes in the transducers and design approach, this technique employed in the study can easily be extended for use with any other disaster management. In fulfilling the first objective of the research, we carried out a survey in Kenya among experts, opinion leaders, policy makers and selected members of public on the factors influencing the increased adoption of IoT technology for flood and drought disaster management in Kenya. The results of the research indicate that Perceived knowledge (PK), Perceived Ease of Use (PE), and Relative advantage (RA) respectively are very significant in influencing the adoption of IoT technology in flood and drought disaster management in Kenya, while self efficacy (SE), and Referent's Influence (RI) constructs were moderately significant. However, perceived declining cost (PD), Facilitating conditions (FC ), and utilitarian outcome (UO) were found to be least significant in explaining the Impact Factor: ISRA (India) = 4.971 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 GIF (Australia) = 0.564 JIF = 1.500 SIS (USA) = 0.912 РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.126 ESJI (KZ) = 8.997 SJIF (Morocco) = 5.667 ICV (Poland) = 6.630 PIF (India) = 1.940 IBI (India) = 4.260 OAJI (USA) = 0.350 Philadelphia, USA 343 behavioural intention to adopt IoT for flood and drought management in Kenya. Among the Key recommendations, the research proposes deliberate efforts to improve gender inclusive specialised ICT skills including IoTs, increased academia-industry linkages and collaboration in emerging ICTs, and the establishment of key regulatory interventions that support innovative implementation of IoT and other emerging technologies that are poised to support the Digital economy in Kenya.


The authors describe SINFILAT, a computer program that performs the synthesis of active filters consisting of optimized cascaded second-order sections. The features include pole and zero pairing, section ordering, optimized section synthesis, predistortion, impedance scaling, automatic active compensation, and designed circuit diagrams. In order to illustrate the use of SINFILAT, a bandpass elliptic filter with 1 dB passband ripple and 42 dB stopband attenuation was designed.<<ETX>>


Cover image: frequency illustration of players' responses to " What lesson do you think Code of Everand might be teaching you? " Notice: Although this report was commissioned by the DfT, the findings and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the DfT. While the DfT has made every effort to ensure the information in this document is accurate, DfT does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of that information; and it cannot accept liability for any loss or damages of any kind resulting from reliance on the information or guidance this document contains. The Code of Everand (CoE) was a multiplayer online game for road safety commissioned and developed in 2009 as part of the Department for Transport's THINK! Campaign. The game was marketed to children 9-13 years old through an advertising campaign which used both television and the Internet as a means to reach its intended audience. The ultimate aim of the game was to contribute to a reduction in child pedestrians killed or seriously injured (KSI), with a particular emphasis on children transitioning between primary and secondary schools, as research had shown high risk amongst this group. Background 2 Children in the 9-13 group are difficult to reach, and whilst studies have shown they can frequently demonstrate knowledge about correct road crossing protocols, they can also fail to apply them in practice. Two main reasons have been put forward for this (Tolmie et al., 2006): Firstly, they do not have much practical road crossing experience, as they are usually accompanied on most journeys and have not often crossed roads alone. Secondly, road crossing is not a top priority for children and therefore is not 'top of mind' as other dangers such as bullying and substance abuse. The issue is compounded by a sense that safety awareness is not 'cool', and hence it has been difficult to change behaviour and attitudes through traditional messaging approaches, such as TV adverts. 3 To address this challenge, the campaign objectives of Code of Everand were specified as:  To encourage 9-13 year olds to put their existing knowledge of pedestrian road safety into practice  To find a way of making pedestrian road safety skills more interesting and more 'top of mind'– to contribute to making alertness at the roadside valued so that 9-13 year olds both as individuals and amongst their peer …


The molecule of the title compound, C15H14N2O4, is approximately planar and displays a trans configuration with respect to the N=N double bond. The molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.


The wide use of natural food-derived antioxidants is receiving greater attention as potential anti-carcinogens. Among flavonoids, Quercetin is considered an excellent free-radical scavenging antioxidant. In present study antiproliferative activity of Quercetin was evaluated on HepG2 cell line induced liver cancer in rats. For the purpose of this study, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups and each group containing 6 rats each. Group Inormal saline treatment for 45 days, Group IIcancer cells (1×10 6 cells in 0.1ml/rat), Group III– 5-Fluorouracil (20mg/kg + 1×10 6 cells in 0.1ml/rat), Group IVQuercetin (25mg/kg + 1×10 6 cells in 0.1ml/rat), Group VQuercetin (50mg/kg + 1×10 6 cells in 0.1ml/rat). After 24 h of tumor inoculation intraperitoneally, Quercetin was administered daily for 45 days. After administration of last dose followed by 18 h fasting, rats were sacrificed for observation of antiproliferative activity. The change in body weight, body circumference of tumor bearing hosts and simultaneous alterations in hematological profile, serum (TC, TG, TP, ALP, SGPT, GGT, TB and glucose) and liver biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, GSH and antioxidant enzymes-CAT, GPx) were estimated. The changes in tissue enzymes-Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, Hexokinase, Succinate dehydrogenase and CytochromeP450 levels were also estimated. The Quercetin maitaintained the body circumference and body weight of proliferation bearing rat. Hematological profile reverted towards normal levels in Quercetin treated rat. Treatment with Quercetin restored WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES S SJIF Impact Factor 6.647 Volume 6, Issue 4, 1138-1155 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 *Corresponding Author V. Uma Rani Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Osmania University, Dhulapally (via Hakimpet), Maisammaguda, Secunderabad500100, Telangana, India. Article Received on 22 January 2017, Revised on 12 February 2017, Accepted on 04 March 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20174-8835


Rowell's syndrome is a rare and distinct clinical entity that has been described as lupus erythematosus associated with erythema multiforme-like lesions with the immunological findings of speckled antinuclear antibodies and positive tests for anti-Ro/La antibodies and rheumatoid factor. We report here on a case of discoidlupus erythematosus in a 39-year-old woman with targetoid eruptions on both palms, the lower legs and soles and she also showed abnormal immunoserologic findings. Most of these features were consistent with Rowell's syndrome.


Introduction: Cattail Pollen is a commonly used Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in infertility patients with endometriosis, but its ingredients and mechanism of action are still unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the potential active ingredients, targets and mechanisms of Cattail Pollen in treating infertility patients with endometriosis based on bioinformatics and molecular docking. Methods: The GSE120103 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen out differentially expressed genes. Cytoscape software was constructed to construct the protein–protein interaction network and screen for hub proteins, and molecular docking was performed to identify the binding activity of Cattail Pollen active ingredients and infertility genes. Then, DAVID software was used to perform gene ontology (GO) functional analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on differentially expressed genes. Results: There were 1320 differentially expressed genes in patients with endometriosis. ADCY5, RLN3, and ADCY6 proteins encoded by genes that were upregulated in infertile patients with endometriosis. Eight active ingredients of Cattail Pollen were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform: naringenin ((2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one), arachidonic acid, isorhamnetin, β-sitosterol, kaempferol, Testosterone palmitate, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucoside and quercetin. Molecular docking identified that the binding activity of arachidonic acid with ADCY5, RLN3, and ADCY6; and testosterone palmitate with ADCY5 and ADCY6 was strong. GO analysis suggested that differentially expressed genes were involved in multiple biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. KEGG enrichment analysis found that differentially expressed genes were enriched in neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study discovered the differentially expressed genes of naturally conceived and infertile patients with endometriosis, and clarified the effective ingredients, targets, and potential signaling pathways of Cattail Pollen in the treatment of infertility patients with endometriosis.


Abstract  - This study aims to determine the influence of Promotion Mix consisting of Advertising, CSR, Direct Selling, Sales Promotion, and Personal Selling to Brand Awareness from PT HM Sampoerna Tbk through latest Sampoerna A Platinum products. This research uses quantitative approach with Simple Random Sampling method with SPSS software. The number of samples used in this study were 100 samples. The results of this study indicate that Promotion Mix consisting of Advertising has a positive effect on Brand Awareness (1), CSR has a positive effect on Brand Awareness (2), Direct Selling has positive influence on Brand Awareness (3), Sales Promotion has positive effect on Brand Awareness (4 ), and Personal Selling have a positive effect on Brand Awareness (5) Abstrak   - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari Promotion Mix yang terdiri dari Advertising, CSR, Direct Selling, Sales Promotion, dan Personal Selling terhadap Brand Awareness dari PT HM Sampoerna Tbk melalui produk terbaru Sampoerna A Platinum. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode Simple Random Sampling dengan software SPSS. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Promotion Mix yang terdiri dari Advertising berpengaruh positif terhadap Brand Awareness (1), CSR berpengaruh positif terhadap Brand Awareness (2), Direct Selling berpengaruh positif terhadap Brand Awareness (3), Sales Promotion berpengaruh positif terhadap Brand Awareness (4), dan Personal Selling berpengaruh positif terhadap Brand Awareness (5)


The test used in this assay Inner Mongolia Horqin meadow grassland wild soybean(male parent) with local the soybean of Da Baimei(female parent) stable line of hybrids.9002 of soybean seed sterilization time,hormone type and other factors affect soybean subculture.The results showed that: ① the soybean seed sterilization conditions: first with 70% ethanol sterilization 1min,and then the 6% Naclo sterilization 17min.② soybean induce adventitious buds culture conditions: MS +6-BA0.5 mg / L + KT1.0mg / L + IAA0.5 mg / L + sucrose 3% + agar 0.8%.③suitable for green bud differentiation rooting medium: MS + NAA0.5 mg / L + sucrose 2% + agar 0.8%.For soybean on the success of the tissue culture technology help to accelerate breeding,excellent germplasm conservation,beneficial mutant screening and soybean genetic operation and so on all has the important meaning.


Abstract Introduction of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB), part of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative in 2013 by Xi Jinping has caught a lot of attention in the academia. Much research focus has been centered on China's motives for launching OBOR and underlying strategy. However, the reactions of great powers on OBOR have remained an understudied subject. This paper explores the case of Russia's reaction to the Chinese initiative and the interplay among two great powers in Central Asia. This region is predicted to be most affected by OBOR and become more reliant on China's investment and trade, and yet the Kremlin considers it to be part of Russian historic sphere of influence. The relationship between Beijing and Moscow in Central Asia is often portrayed as adversarial. A closer study, based on set of in-depth interviews, reveals a more nuanced picture. While continuing to jostle for power and influence, the two players have developed intellectual and bureaucratic frameworks to accommodate mutual interests, including ideas of "linking up" OBOR with the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The problems for realization of this vision on arise from the top-down decision making process, low involvement of business community, and China's preference to deal with states on bilateral basis as opposed to the EEU. These problems, as Central Asian case shows, can affect the realization of Beijing's grand vision for OBOR. They can also lead to increased tension between Russia and China over influence in Central Asia in the future.


A female BALB/c:Slc mouse was administered two intravenous injections of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg) at the ages of 22 and 24 weeks. When this mouse was sacrificed at the age of 30 weeks, a tumor was found in the left mandible. The tumor was composed of dental tissues at varying stages of differentiation, ranging from primitive tooth germ-like structures to mature tooth-like tissue. Amyloid deposition was noted in a part of the tumor. Based on these histopathological findings, the tumor was diagnosed as an ameloblastic odontoma with amyloid deposition.


The 3D Tractus (Latin for drawing, space and movement) is a simple and inexpensive physical interface for intuitive and direct exploration, manipulation and inputting of threedimensional (3D) data. The interface is a straightforward evolution of the non-computerized drawing board, preserving the drawing board physical spatial affordances and enhancing it by allowing the interactive planar surface to be easily moved along the z-axis. The 3D Tractus maintains direct spatial mapping between the physical and virtual spaces by allowing planar interaction on the surface and sensing its height. Much like the drawing board, the first prototype of the 3D Tractus was designed for sketching and drawing applications. The interface can be useful in various tasks that approach 3D space via two-dimensional (2D) planar interaction metaphors, such as evaluation and analyses of 3D medical imaging data. In this paper we present the 3D Tractus design principles and the implementation of its early prototype. Author Keywords


Abstract
Adult helminth parasites of the intestinal tract are rarely found in the urogenital system. Previous studies have dealt with Enterobius vermicularis; this report describes a case of post-menopausal bleeding caused by migration of a gravid proglottid of Taenia into the uterus. Identification of the etiologic agent was by means of eggs and calcareous corpuscles in curetted tissue. This appears to be the first record of an adult tapeworm in the urogenital system.


Recent literature on risk analysis for dams suggests that the historic controversies concerning practical quantification of risk have yet to be resolved. Des Hartford takes a look back at why the presently unacceptable situation has arisen, and charts the future path necessary to establish sound risk analysis which can be used confidently in dam safety practice.


This paper presents a brief overview of the Transient Array Radio Telescope (TART) and the improvements made on the TART structure. A novel antenna platform for the Rhodes University (RU) TART is designed using three (2.5 m) unistrut beams and two laser-cut galvanised steels. The newly assembled antenna platform offers a lot of flexibility in terms of antenna positioning and configuration. With a three-arm layout of the RU TART, an improved angular resolution of 2° 37' 41" is achieved.


A methodology is presented for constructing the relationships among model user's risk, model builder's risk, acceptable validity range, sample sizes, and cost of data collection when statistical hypothesis testing is used for validating a simulation model of a real, observable system. The use of the methodology is illustrated for the use of Hotelling's two-sample T 2 test in testing the validity of a multivariate stationary response stimulation model.


This paper's focus is a particular category of evidence that will likely become increasingly prevalent in criminal trials: identifications made from pictures on social media. Specifically, it will focus upon identifications made by witnesses of accused persons, either not known or barely known to them, from photos drawn from social media sites. The risk of misidentification in these circumstances is significant, and must inevitably inform both whether or not to admit the evidence at trial, and how it is dealt with within a trial if admitted.


The Trans Himalayan Lohit batholith in the eastern part of Arunachal Pradesh exhibits a zone of intense shearing at Walong area in Anzaw district. Along the zone, intrusions of leucogranites are well documented in the area between Yasong and Walong of the Lohit valley. Sillimanite and garnet-bearing gneisses of the Yasong area represent the lithology of the host Asian crust. The 5 km wide leucogranite intrusion in the shear zone indicates tight to open asymmetric shearrelated folds with boudinaged limbs and veins showing extension fractures. The pre-existing folds of the deformed Lohit batholith show transposition from the wall to the interior of the subvertical high-strain shear zone with a dominant dextral sense. The two-feldspar thermometry of the leucogranites gives a temperature range of 400 ± 50°C. This temperature of inversion from K-feldspar to microcline must have prevailed at high stress conditions at the time of emplacement of leucogranites. Melting of the metapelitic crust at higher temperatures is related to shear heating towards the end phase of development of NW–SE trending dextral shear zone in the region.


The action of strip tension on the active stress distribution and the slip systems corresponding to shear of metal between the principal rollers is considered. The geometry of plane rolling largely depends on its texturalstructure and the slip systems acting in a specified stress state. One of the factors affecting the stress state of the metal in the deformation source is the strip stress on rolling.


This is a landmark volume, marking the first comprehensive effort at establishing the genealogy of the computer as an expressive medium. Although the name of the book is The New Media Reader, its subject is the emergence of a single medium, and one which we can define more particularly than by merely by pointing to its novelty. The digital medium which we see emerging in these well-selected and contextualized essays may seem plural to us now, because it is so myriad in its forms—virtual reality CAVEs, the Internet, "enhanced" television, videogames. Indeed, like the medium of film 100 years earlier, the computer medium is drawing on many antecedents and spawning a variety of formats. But the term "new media" is a sign of our current confusion about where these efforts are leading and our breathlessness at the pace of change, particularly in the last two decades of the 20th century. How long will it take before we see the gift for what it is—a single new medium of representation, the digital medium, formed by the braided interplay of technical invention and cultural expression at the end of the 20th century? This reader, reflecting the burgeoning of "New Media Studies" throughout academic life and new media practice throughout the world, should help to hasten that change in our thinking. Here for the first time within a single volume we can trace the cultural helix, the echoing and opposing strands that form the DNA for cyberspace itself. The first two essays establish the pattern, a call and response of fantasist and engineer, philosopher and inventor. Borges (◊01), the storyteller-librarian, and Bush (◊02), the soldier-scientist, speak to us out of the same midcentury frame of mind, exhausted by war, exhilarated by a dawning sense of globalism. They are both almost viscerally aware of the increased complexity of human consciousness and the failure of linear media to capture the structures of our thought. Borges, one of the first fiction writers to place himself in the expanded context of a global culture, is fascinated by the arbitrariness of language itself, by the flutter of meaning across cultural boundaries. His fiction evokes a sense of flickering focus, of an individual consciousness constantly reforming itself, of an utterance constantly in the process of translation. Borges confronts us with the "pullulating" moment, when we become aware of all the possible choices we might make, all the ways in which we might intersect one another for good or evil. His imagined Garden of Forking Paths is both a book and landscape, a book that has the shape of a labyrinth that folds back upon itself in infinite regression. It is a dizzying vision, one which will be described again by humanist writers for the rest of the century. For Vannevar Bush, the scientist, the world is not an imprisoning labyrinth, but a challenging maze, waiting to be solved by an appropriately organized and clever team effort. Like Borges, Bush imagines alternate libraries. But where Borges's visions are playful and subversive of rationalist exploration, Bush dreams of the hyperrational. He is alarmed to discover that the library shelf is no longer an adequate map of knowledge. Book-based organizational structures have been outpaced by the tempo of investigation, and no longer reflect the constantly reformulating disciplinary boundaries of contemporary scholarship. Knowledge is expanding, but human life remains too short. Where Borges is frozen at the crossroads, enraptured by the proliferating paths, Bush is impatiently searching for the shortcuts, the paths forged by the experts who have scouted the territory before us. He wants to follow in their footsteps and to lay down new trails, trails that do not fade. His engineer's commitment to the redemptive machine runs throughout this volume as well. Bush, of course, is not thinking about the "computer"— and neither is Borges. Instead they are inventing fantasy information structures—a book-garden-maze, a desk-librarymachine—that reflect not a new technology but a change in how our minds are working. The change they imagine is made more urgent by the experience of two world wars, wars that made apparent the huge gulf between our technological prowess and our social development, between our complex thinking and our atavistic behavior. In Borges's fable, the protagonist kills a man as a form of information processing, the murdered man being significant only because his name in the newspaper will act as an appropriate coded message. ◊01 29


This article is devoted to the elaboration of definition of system for jurisprudence, which is important, because there are many different systems in the legal science: system of law, legal system, system of public authorities and etc., – at the same time the question «what is the system» has not been investigated.  Besides jurisprudence many other sciences use the term «system». The theory of systems as a discipline is of the greatest interest, the subject of which is a complex research of all systems, its regularity, development, external manifestation.  This article discusses the signs of system, which is differ i t from other organization uni ts, and i t pieces. Dialectic and historical methods, methods of comparison, abstraction, analysis and synthesis were used during the research of this issue. In aggregate it helped to make the most complete and comprehensive definition of system.


In the support service system of Learners' Guidance Group, how to use "114" teaching model to guide Economic Mathematics, and organising process is the application of student lecturing model in the course guiding.


In the aftermath of the Great War, the problems of race and race-based discrimination became particularly contested and internationalised as both social and political issues. In this context, Japan's campaign for the recognition of racial equality as a guiding principle in world politics, as well as the political controversy it unleashed at the Paris Peace Conference and elsewhere, dramatized some crucial problems of the time, including the internationalisation of colonial affairsand related expectations regarding the European civilising mission. This chapter approaches these debates from the vantage point of a relatively marginal and still understudied player: the Portuguese Empire. Conversations within the Portuguese delegation, I argue, demonstrate that the problem of racial equality had to do not only with anxieties over Asian immigration to white countries, but was also crucially entangled with the politics of empire and concerns with the effects of colonialism on African populations. The defeat of the Japanese proposal, I suggest, points to some of the limitations of the League of Nations and the forms of internationalism it promoted in the interwar period – in particular, the neutralisation of racial equality (and inequality) as a social rather than political concern.


Information Retrieval is a well established interdisciplinary topic in which machine learning, computational linguistic, computer programming and data mining merge together. SLAIR stands for Sea Lab Advanced Information Retrieval and is an efficient software architecture that embeds these issues in a unique framework. SLAIR is expandable both from the data format and algorithm point of view. A pluggable notion of distance between documents drives the subsequent clustering/classification machinery, moreover SLAIR is explicitly designed to manage large scale text mining problems. The demo will be focused on the versatility of the framework, the main goal is to show how the different metrics provided by SLAIR can enhance clustering/classification ability and eventually lead to different views of the underlying textual data.


The number and performance of machine learning techniques dealing with complex, structured data has considerably increased in the past decades. However, the performance of these systems is usually linked to a transformation of the feature space (possibly including the outputs as well) to a more convenient, flat, representation, which typically leads to incomprehensible patterns in terms of the transformed (hyper-)space. Alternatively, other approaches do stick to the original problem representation but rely on specialised systems with embedded operators dealing with specific kinds of data. This specialisation makes it very difficult to have general systems which are able to deal with different kinds of complex data. In this paper we present and explore a general rule-based learning setting where operators can be defined and customised for each kind of problem. While one particular problem may require generalisation operators, another problem may require operators which add recursive transformations to explore the structure of the data. A right choice of operators can embed transformations on the data but can also determine the way in which rules are generated and transformed, so leading to (apparently) different learning systems. However, this generality requires an adaptive and flexible rethinking of heuristics, with a model-based reinforcement learning approach, to tame the search space.


Nuclear safeguards system(NSS),as an important component of international nuclear energy order,is based on nuclear safeguards provisions of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)and underpinned by nuclear safeguards model agreements.Its main content consists of the safeguards agreements between IAEA and its members or other parties involved,and it serves as a legal system to control the use of nuclear energy for military purposes.IAEA,as an effective forum for multilateral cooperation in the field of nuclear energy among countries,is not only the result of exploring NSS,but it also serves as a standing body on which the establishment,development and implementation of NSS can depend.China,as a nuclear country,once adopted a hostile attitude towards NSS,but it has played and is playing an active role in improving and implementing NSS,along with the constant change of international relations and the enhancement of its overall strength.


This article considers two relatively new European Shakespeare festivals, Nice and York, both of which had their first season in 2015. The annual Nice Festival owes its birth to Irina Brook, appointed as director of the Théâtre national de Nice in September 2014, and has just held its second edition. The biennial York International Shakespeare Festival celebrated its first season in 2015, with its next season planned for 2017. Both festivals are members of the European Shakespeare Festivals Network (ESFN).


Energy transformation in the European Union countries is progressing. Its scope is defined by formal and legal regulations and its effectiveness by the position of decision-makers, legitimised by public support for a particular type of challenge. Both issues are the focus of this article. The promotion of environmental protection measures is currently strongly promoted globally. Hence the widespread acceptance in principle of the changes associated with the implementing of the Green New Deal in the energy sector is not surprising. However, to what extent is knowledge of the solutions constituting the mainstream transition (renewable energy sources) ingrained among communities? Does the level of public awareness influence individual consumer choices, modelling the market? The threads outlined above inspired deliberations focused on analysing the assumptions behind energy transition in the EU, with particular reference to the countries directly bordering the line of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine (Poland, Lithuania), in the light of the resulting and escalating restrictions exacerbating the energy crisis. The immediate neighbourhood of the adopted countries, and their similar socio-economic conditions, provided the basis for comparisons and conclusions. The motivation for the choice of the issue and research area was to fill the clear information gap in this study area, strictly in relation to the adopted configuration of these countries. The research proceedings in the outlined area were primarily based on the methodology appropriate for capture and analysis of economic phenomena, enriched with the results of our own findings (questionnaire survey regarding general knowledge of the ZE market and consumer preferences), in order to assess the economic and environmental dimensions of energy transition in Poland and Lithuania and to assess the level of public awareness in this respect in the countries under study. The presented research is an important complementary element of the authors' series of studies devoted to the analysis of the development of the renewable energy market in Poland and the Baltic States, related to the individual dimensions of RES. Their results give rise to the conclusion that increased social awareness in these countries determines the popularisation of RES solutions in individual use, regardless of their type, stimulating the progress of the energy transformation process.


The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement 1962–1992 by Kirkpatrick Sale. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993. Pp. xx + 124; index. $7.95. ISBN 0 8090 1551 X A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement by Philip Shabecoff. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993. Pp. xv + 352; index. $25.00. ISBN 0 8090 8459 7 Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement by Robert Gottlieb. Washington DC: Island Press, 1993. Pp. xi + 413; index. $27.50. ISBN 1 55963 123 6


No matter whether it is in planned economy or under market economy condition, public ownership system can achieve maximum social performance. This is because it is more advantageous for macro economic efficiency in comparison with private ownership system and it has more emphasis on the social fairness, etc. Public ownership system needs a certain prerequisite if it wants to achieve social performance maximization.


Extended Abstract Viscous fingering has always been an inevitable challenge in porous media when a fluid displaces another fluid under unfavourable mobility ratio. In order to damp the finger growth and stabilize the system, several strategies such as adding viscous chemicals to the displacing fluid and controlling the injection rate, have been proposed. Recently, nanoparticles have been introduced as a promising technique to deal with this hydrodynamic instability. A number of studies, have been recently conducted to examine the effectiveness of the technique, however all of these studies were carried out at the macroscopic scale[1,2]. In order to address the uncertainties in nano-scale, a mesoscopic study has been conducted using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). In this study the effect of nanofluid Brownian and Thermophoretic forces are investigated. A new model for the deposition of the nanoparticles is also presented using a combination of DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Vervey, and Overbeek) and kinetic theories. In order to analyze the effects of the nanoparticles on viscous fingering in mesoscopic scale, the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations are solved simultaneously using LBM [3]. For an incompressible flow displacement, the system of equations can be written as follows [4].


" This raises the empirical question of how, when, and under what conditions children can learn specific ideas about systems. There are other problems related to what technological ideas and skills should be a part of technological literacy. Bennett identified central questions in this area. For example: "What types of problem solving strategies do students employ in design problems?" Drawing on his work on problem solving, McCormick reviewed the status of this research in England, where they have found that students follow rigid algorithms reminiscent of the fictional ritual of the scientific method: First we often treat design or problem solving as a series of steps. An 'algorithm' notion of design or problem solving characterizes it as consisting of posing the problem and thinking about the problem, clarifying it, thinking of alternate solutions, implementing it, and then evaluating it. This can become a ritual...that does not affect the student's thinking. Despite the research on design and problem solving, we still do not know how children learn specific ideas about design, trade-offs, constraints, redundancy, etc. The work from England may illuminate what we are trying to do in America, but in the U. S. we want students to learn specific ideas about design as well as some basic skills in designing things. In the U. K. there is more emphasis on the "processes," such as the ability to actually design things. Finally, studying how children learn specific technological ideas and skills will require not just paying attention to research on particular technology topics, but also taking a closer look at the general cognitive research literature. Crismond presented a general overview of the origins of the research tradition of cognitive science and how this experience can help us to think about a research agenda. Hutchinson suggested taking a look at other fields of research as well. We also need to learn from research in science and mathematics education, including its limitations (among others, Ahlgren, Kolodner, and Zuga make this point. See also Schoenfeld, 1999). Instruction During the last ten years there have been important developments in the study of teaching, particularly the kind of teaching that current science and mathematics education reforms are advocating (see Lagemann and Shulman, 1999 for a review). This research is helping us to realize that teachers will have to unlearn much of what they believe, know, and do, as Thompson and Zeuli (1999) pointed out: The key questions for reform, then, are whether teachers understand that students must think in order to learn and whether they know how to provoke, stimulate, and support students' thinking.... That students must think in order Journal of Technology Education Vol. 12 No. 1, Fall 2000 -82to learn may seem blatantly obvious. But if it is so obvious, why do so many teachers–in fact, nearly all teachers–fail to see it? (p. 349, italics added) Science and mathematics education researchers have spent decades dealing with problems of student learning. Researchers in the technology education community need to learn from this. Progress in science and mathematics began only after researchers started asking what science and math ideas and skills students really understood. Then, they moved to developing, on a very modest scale, instructional activities that strongly connected instruction and content. Instructional design was followed by classroom trials, revised, tried again, until students showed successful learning of what was intended. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics has taken advantage of their research on learning and explored its implications for teaching (for example, the series Research Ideas for the Classroom, Jensen, 1993; Owens, 1993; Wilson, 1993). Science education has a similar series What Research Says to the Science


Bhushan Ashvinikumar Bande1, Sharad Thora2 From 1Pediatrician, Department of Health Services, District Hospital, Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Professor Pediatrics and Former Dean, Department of Pediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Correspondence to: Dr. Sharad Thora, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, OQ/1, CRP Lines, Near Chacha -Nehru Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: email@example.com Received 18 December 2018 Initial Review 01 January 2019 Accepted 28 January 2019


In this paper a no-reference image quality metric designed for human lung CT scans is presented. The metric can be used for several purposes, including the evaluation of visual quality of CT scans or controlling enhancement processes. The developed method is based on a modified SKFCM image segmentation algorithm combined with the SSIM metric. A lung phantom was constructed for validation purposes. Tests were performed both with synthetic images, using the lung phantom with added noise, and with real CT images. The presented methods include simulations, quantitative studies and subjective evaluation. Experimental results show that the metric values reliably follow the visual image quality of CT.


A new colorimetric method is presented for the determination of serum isocitric dehydrogenase activity. This is based on the determination of 2-oxoglutaric acid formed in the enzyme reaction by means of the previously established selective color reaction of the acid. The method gives reliable results and is suitable to assay a large number of samples with a wide range of activity at the same time with 50μl of sample.


This paper introduces the definition of data mining and its three processes: data preprocessing, data modeling and model estimating model appling. Three mainly techniques are discussed for modeling data: association rule, classification and cluster. In addition, data mining for application in the field of science research, finance, electronic communication, internet are discussed.


This research was motivated by the low interest in reading in TBM Kaba Cambodia Batipuh Panjang, Padang City. This is thought to be caused by the lack of availability of reading materials based on the needs of children at TBM Kaba Cambodia Batipuh Panjang, Padang City. The objectives of this study are 1) to see the description of the availability of reading materials based on the needs of children in TBM Kaba Cambodia Batipuh Panjang, Padang City. 2) to see a picture of the reading interest of the residents studying at TBM Kaba Cambodia Batipuh Panjang, Padang City. 3) to see the relationship between the availability of reading materials based on children's needs and their reading interest in TBM Kaba Cambodia Batipuh Panjang, Padang City.This research is a quantitative research with correlational type which aims to examine the correlation between the availability of reading materials and reading interest. The population in this study were 28 people, the sampling technique was cluster random sampling and taken as many as 60%, namely 17 people. Techniques in data collection using questionnaires and data collection tools in the form of a list of statements. The data analysis technique used the percentage formula and the rho sperm formula.The results of this study indicate that: 1) the description of the availability of reading materials based on the needs of children in TBM Kaba Cambodia Batipuh Panjang Padang City is categorized as incomplete. 2) the description of children's reading interest in TBM Kaba Cambodia Batipuh Panjang Padang City is categorized as low. 3) there is a significant relationship between the availability of reading materials based on children's needs and their reading interest at TBM Kaba Cambodia Batipuh Panjang, Padang City. It is hoped that the TBM manager will increase the number of reading materials according to the children's needs


The research that informs this article was focused around the relationship between how workers are trained to work safely and how workers learn to work safely in the workplace. The findings of empirical studies into learning and practising safety in aged care, fire fighting, building construction, and mining industries are summarized. A common feature emerging from these studies is the failure of safety training through codified knowledge practices such as those incorporated in competency-based training. In such training the embodied learning of workers in the social and physical environments of the workplace is ignored. Stories of this embodied and spatial learning will be analysed in order to draw some conclusions about the practical problem of facilitating learning to work safely. We explore how theoretical categories of the body and space, which have been largely ignored in workplace learning research, can contribute to our understandings of workplace learning more generally.


This work deals with the diagnosis of an organization and its relationship with the environment. The general elements of information needs and for the improv...


This paper deals with an analysis of interpersonal meaning in public speeches of Obama's speech to find out how is interpersonal meaning constructed in Obama's speech. This study employed a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) method based on van Dijk framework (2000) and Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) based on Halliday's framework (1994). The sample was one speech text of Obama's speech on Osama bin Laden death. This study used textual analysis as the instrument.  This study indicates that: (1) concerning mood system, it is found that declarative mood was the most frequent. It has 96 clauses (97%), while imperative mood has 3 clauses (3.0%), and there was no interrogative mood found in the speech, in speech functions, statement has 96 clauses (97%), while command has 3 clauses (3.0%) and there was no question in the speech. (2) Regarding modality, the probability of modalisation are 'can' and 'will' is median value, the modal of inclination in modulation is 'would' is low value and obligation of modulation is 'should' is median value, (3) In relation to pronoun system, this study found that pronoun "I" was found 9 times (15.3%), "we" was found 26 times (44.1%), "our" was found 18 times (30.5%), "they" was found 4 times (6.78%), "us" and "he" was found once (1.7%) in the speech. An analysis of power and ideology also to measure power relation between speaker and audiences. The power is unequal (formal). Besides, from ideology side, the speaker was successfully presents some logical ideologies and ideas by explaining the reasons in attacking the United States.


In this paper the authors extend the concept of almost convergence to vector-valued functions on a semigroup having a left invariant mean. They study the space of almost convergent functions and obtain characterization theorems similar to known theorems about real functions. They also establish the existence of a unique invariant mean on vector-valued weakly almost periodic functions.


Video-taped interviews and mock ratings of typical cases were employed to evaluate raters' consistency of 37 raters (14 staff psychiatrists, 11 psychiatric residents, 10 clinical psychologists and interns, 2 nurses). Total score across time was most stable, single scale scores least consistent. Trends between professional groups were not large and not always related to degree of training, but psychologists rated typical patients more consistently, psychiatric residents showed greater across-time and inter-rater consistency. The latter varied on taped interviews with symptoms being rated. Over-all, reliabilities on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were as high as could be expected.


The article focuses on the substantiation of choice of the scientific research problems connected with the process of purposeful forming of the information and communication culture of a modern preschool teacher. It examines the leading methodological approaches in solving the problem in the system of the national education. The article also discusses the main organizing and pedagogical conditions that allow to form the information and communication culture of a teacher in the process of interaction with children, their parents, colleagues and the administrative staff of the preschool educational institution.


A method of forming a structure of a random access preamble to within extended cell in a cellular system, the method comprising: generating a cyclic prefix, CP, which is the sum of a widening maximum delay and round trip delay maximum round according to the extended radio cell; and generating a preamble sequence part; wherein the preamble sequence part has a length corresponding to n times of a preamble sequence used for a normal cell radius, where n is an integer.


The hydrographic network of the upper course of the Araguaia River is responsible to capture and discharge its sedimentary load to the middle course. Parts of the hydrographic network do this work with different degrees of efficiency. This paper evaluates the potential of sediment transferring from hydrographic network of the upper course of the Araguaia and indicates stretches of fluvial channels susceptible to aggradation. Sub-basins with higher potential of sediment transferring are efficient to discharge its sedimentary load into the Araguaia River, while sub-basins with lower potential are inefficient to do that work, being susceptible to aggradation. The potentials of sediment transferring were determinate with SIG software by combination of morphometric parameters of the hydrographic network, while stretches susceptible to aggradation by combination between those potentials, the longitudinal profiles and distribution of the floodplains. The network of the upper course of the Araguaia River presented three sub-basins with medium-low potential of sediment transferring, two subbasins with medium potential, two with medium-high potential and four sub-basins with high potential. The sub-basins with higher potentials of sediment transferring are located at North from study area, while stretches susceptible to aggradation are located in the central part of the study area. Key words: fluvial morphometry, longitudinal profile, sediment transport.


This paper is concerned with the control of one dimensional continuous time linear Gaussian systems over additive white noise wireless fading channels subject to capacity constraints. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived, for bounded asymptotic and asymptotic observability and stabilizability in the mean square sense, for controlling such systems. For the case of a noiseless time-invariant system controlled over a continuous time additive white Gaussian channel, the sufficient condition for stabilizability and observability states that the capacity of the channel, Ca, satisfies, Ca> [A]+, where A is the system coefficient and [a]+= a, if a ≥0 and [a]+= 0, if a < 0. Moreover, the necessary condition states that the channel capacity must satisfy Ca≥ [A]+. It is shown that a separation principle holds between the design of the communication and the control sub-systems, implying that the controller that would be optimal in the absence of the communication channel is also optimal for the problem of the controlling the system over the communication channel.


The results of experimental-methodic research of possibilities of biogeochemical indication of tin mineralization of different genetic type in the East of Russia south forest territory are given. Haloes of tin dispersion appear on cassiterite ore-displays and deposits within which high-contrast biogeochemical anomalies corresponding epicenters of tin-ore bodies location are fixed. The peculiarities of tin concentration in plant parts and organs were determined depending on genetic type of tin mineralization. The lists of tin-accumulating pants are given.


Recent studies have demonstrated that bismuth oxyhalides with a 2D structure inhibit the recombination of electron–hole pairs. Further, perovskite-like strontium bismuth-based compounds with a special layered Sillen X1 structure have shown potential for use as effective visible-light photocatalysts. Here, a series of strontium bismuth oxyhalide composites were prepared under different calcination conditions. The sample compositions were controlled by modulating the calcination temperature and the secondary calcination time. The synthesised catalysts were characterised by various techniques to identify the product compositions. Under visible-light irradiation, the degradation efficiencies and photocatalytic activities of the different catalysts towards rhodamine B (RhB) and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA) were measured via UV–Vis PDA and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses. To explore the degradation mechanism, scavengers were utilised to detect the radicals produced in the photodegradation test. SrBiO2Cl exhibited the best RhB degradation efficiency, of 0.0685 h−1, and SrBiO2Br exhibited a rate of 0.0984 h−1. At 25 °C and 1 atm, the CO2–CH4 photocatalytic conversion efficiencies of the optimised SrBiO2Cl and SrBiO2Br samples increased to 0.037 and 0.053 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. The findings confirm that the catalysts are highly recyclable and effective for environmental remediation, achieving the objectives of green chemistry.


Gilany et al. present an outburst flood modelling study for three glacial lakes in Pakistan. The study is interesting but lacking key details required for its justification. For example, it is not clear why these lakes are 'potentially dangerous' as referred to throughout the study. It should be detailed why these lakes constitute a hazard. The manuscript requires significant English language and grammar editing. The introduction requires significant restructuring, editing, and addition of relevant literature. It is repetitive in several places and does not proceed logically or provide a clear context for the study. Rather it jumps between discussions of glaciers in Pakistan, global glacier retreat, surging glaciers, glacial lakes, and Himalayan glaciers. There are numerous statements throughout the manuscript containing details that are not supported with ci-


AbstractUsing observations from 688 debris flows, we analyse the hydrologic and landscape characteristics that influenced debris‐flow initiation mechanisms and locations in a watershed that had been partially burned by the 2012 Whitewater‐Baldy Complex Fire in the Gila Mountains, southern New Mexico. Debris flows can initiate due to different processes. Slopes can fail as discrete landslides and then become fluidized and move downstream as debris flows (landslide initiated) or progressive bulking of sediment from a distributed area can become channelized and concentrated as it moves downslope (runoff generated). In this study, we have an unusual opportunity to investigate both types of debris‐flow initiation mechanisms in our observations of debris flows, triggered by an exceptional rainstorm in the autumn of 2013. Additionally, we compare our observations with those of a dataset of 1138 debris flows in the Colorado Front Range, triggered during the same weather system. We found that runoff‐generated debris flows dominated in burn areas, and runoff required to start these flows could be well characterized by the Shields stress. Landslide‐initiated debris flows were dominant in unburned areas. Debris‐flow densities were tied to total rainfall and precipitation intensities. Like the observations in the Colorado Front Range, debris‐flow initiation locations were found primarily in areas of relatively sparse vegetation on south‐facing slopes between 25 and 40°, and with upslope contributing areas less than 1000 m2. In terms of preferential locations for debris‐flow initiations, 2013 vegetation coverage, approximated by Green–Red Vegetation Index metrics, proved to be more influential than the 2012 burn‐severity designation. The uniformity of observations between our study area and those in the Colorado Front Range indicate that the underlying hydrologic and landscape patterns of the debris‐flow initiation locations documented in these studies could be applicable to the wider southwest and Rocky Mountain regions. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention belongs to the technical field of display and discloses an array substrate and a manufacture method of the array substrate. Source electrode patterns, drain electrode patterns, pixel electrode patterns and active layer patterns of the array substrate are formed through the once picture composition process. Compared with the traditional manufacture process of the array substrate, the manufacture method of the array substrate is simple in process, shortens production time, reduces product cost and improves product quality.


Reliability and fault tolerance are very important criteria in the design and development of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Modern driver assistance systems rely on several sources of information such as radar or image processing. A reliable system has to handle the uncertainty with the information it receives as input, in order to make robust and reliable decisions. In the situation analysis the Time metrics such as Time-To-Collision (TTC), Time-To-Brake (TTB), Time-To-React (TTR) are criticality measures assessing the risk potential of traffic situation. Such measures can be used to trigger warnings and emergency maneuvers in driver assistance systems. This paper presents an efficient algorithm to compute the probability distribution of TTC induced by an uncertain system input and thus allows to use TTC as a more robust and reliable probabilistic activation condition. The accuracy of the presented method was proven in the simulation using the example of several types of crossing scenarios.


In this contribution, we use dissipative particle dynamics simulations to investigate the orientations of lamella-forming copolymers with two blocks of equal molecular weight confined in thin films. We employ neutral and symmetric interactions between the copolymer blocks and the walls, a situation for which contradicting observations have been made in experiments and previous theoretical studies. Our model takes into account a realistic degree of conformational asymmetry between the blocks, which stems from unequal Kuhn lengths of the constituent monomers. We perform a thorough scaling analysis to exclude finite size effects, and find, in agreement with experiments, a remarkable cascade of morphological transitions from parallel to perpendicular orientations when the film height is varied. We demonstrate that the emergence of a stable parallel configuration stems from entropic effects due to the conformational asymmetry and the confinement of the system.


This work continues on from previous studies showing that mineral sequestration by carbonation of magnesium or calcium silicates under high pressure and high temperature can be successfully carried out by processing in an autoclave. The paper is focused on the influence of experimental parameters on avoiding scale formation during pre-treatment in an autoclave and a subsequent leaching. Amorphous silica and magnesite, respectively, were the main reaction products in a carbonation of olivine under high pressure conditions in an autoclave. In addition, the examined peridotites may be accompanied by small to medium amounts of nickel or other metals, the recovery of which will be investigated in the present study: Extraction of metals such as nickel, iron, and magnesium from olivine bearing ore using hydrochloric acid under atmospheric pressure was studied between 50 and 90 °C in 1 h. The obtained results have shown maximal leaching efficiency of about 35% for Ni, Fe, and Mg under atmospheric pressure, in comparison to more than 60% obtained under the same conditions after a carbonation pre-treatment in an autoclave. Silica gel was formed during leaching without a pre-treatment of peridotite blocking the leaching process, which is not the case for the pre-treated material. The influence of temperature, reaction time, particle size and pre-treatment of peridotite in an autoclave during carbonation at 175 °C and 71.5 bar was studied. A new mechanism model for metal extraction from olivine-bearing ore by avoiding silica gel formation during leaching with hydrochloric acid including a carbonation pre-treatment is proposed. This study explains additionally a behavior of metals such as nickel, magnesium, and iron during a carbonation of olivine bearing ore and leaching of a carbonated solid product.


Web service is becoming an important area of business processing and research for enterprise systems. Various Web service providers currently offer diverse computing services ranging from entertainment, finance, and health care to real-time application. With the widespread proliferation of Web Services, not only delivering secure services has become a critical challenge for the service providers, but users face constant challenges in selecting the appropriate Web services for their enterprise application systems. Security has become an important issue for information systems (IS) managers for a secure integration of Web services with their enterprise systems. Security is one of the determining factors in selecting appropriate Web services. The need for run-time composition of enterprise systems with third-party Web services requires a careful selection process of Web services with security assurances consistent with the enterprise business goal. Selection of appropriate Web services with required security assurances is essentially a problem of choice among several alternative services available in the market. The IS managers have little control of the actual security behavior of the third-party Web services, however, they can control the selection of right services which could likely comply their security requirements. Selecting third-party Web services arbitrarily over the Internet is critical as well as risky. With increasing security challenges to the enterprise systems, there is a need for an automatic decision support system (DSS) for the selection of appropriate secure Web services. A DSS analyzes security profiles of candidate Web services and compares them with the security requirements of the enterprise system. The IS managers can make decisions from such systems more easily regarding which Web service is to be integrated with their applications. A DSS could make a comparative analysis of various security properties between a candidate Web service and the enclosing enterprise system including the consequences of different decision alternatives in selecting Web services. It could also project the likely additional security properties needed for the system if the candidate Web service lacked required properties. The complex nature of selecting secure Web services could not be easily managed without such a DSS support. With the rapidly evolving nature of security contexts in the field of enterprise systems, decision support systems for selecting secure Web services can play an increasingly important role. This article proposes an architecture of an easy-to-use security decision support system (SDSS) for selecting Web services with security assurances consistent with the enterprise business goal. The SDSS stores security profiles of candidate Web services, compares properties with the security requirements of the enterprise system, and generates alternatives with consequences. Supporting the choice making process involves the evaluation and comparison of alternative Web services in terms of their security properties. To minimize the risks of selecting the wrong Web services for the enterprise systems, the SDSS can provide managers with consistent and concise guidance for the development of security criteria. Our proposed SDSS has been developed to provide IS managers with information necessary to make informed decisions regarding the selection of Web services. The basic components of the SDSS include a knowledge base of various security properties and an inference mechanism which uses a set of rules. The architecture consists of three components: (i) Defining security criteria; (ii) Security profiling of Web services; and (iii) Generating alternatives.


The utility model relates to an automatic aluminum-cover edge knurling machine, which comprises a knurling shaft, a vertical feeding device, a transverse feeding device, a longitudinal feeding device and an actuating mechanism. The actuating mechanism, which is connected with the knurling shaft, the vertical feeding device, the transverse feeding device and the longitudinal feeding device, drives the knurling shaft, the vertical feeding device, the transverse feeding device and the longitudinal feeding device to move cooperatively. The automatic aluminum-cover edge knurling machine provided by the utility model adopts a unique camming, the structure is simple, the full and accurate automatic processing can be realized during the working process, the rate of finished products is high, and the manufacture cost is reduced.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of hydrochloride penehyclidine ether replacing atropine in the treatment of acute organic pesticide poisoning (AOPP), to provide a simple and effective, safe and reliable new method for clinical treatment of AOPP. Method For 115 AOPP poisoning patients were divided into light, medium and severe group by the extent of poisoning, and divided into hydrochloric acid penehyclidine ether treatment group (n=58) and atropine treatment group (n=57) randomly, using with pralidoxime chloride treatment, and then to have comparative analysis the clinical efficacy of the two groups. Results The duration of poisoning symptoms of hydrochloride penehyclidine ether treatment group was significantly shortened than atropine treatment group (P0.05); and cure rate was significantly higher than that of atropine treatment group, and mortality, length of stay, the number of atropine poisoning were all significantly lower or reduced (P0.05); the times of drug treatment was also significantly reduced (P0.05). Conclusion Hydrochloride penehyclidine ether is a simple and effective, safe and reliable medicine in the treatment of acute pesticide poisoning, is a more ideal new anticholinergic drugs, which is worthy of using in clinical application.


Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanowires are successfully fabricated using a radio frequency (RF) sputtering technique with a high RF power of 250 W. The fabrication of the ITO nanowires is optimized through the study of oxygen flow rates, temperatures and RF power. The difference in the morphology of the ITO nanowires prepared by using a new target and a used target is observed and the mechanism for the difference is discussed in detail. A hollow structure and air voids within the nanowires are formed during the process of the nanowire growth. The ITO nanowires fabricated by this method demonstrated good conductivity (15 Ω sq−1) and a transmittance of more than 64% at a wavelength longer than 550 nm after annealing. Furthermore, detailed microstructure studies show that the ITO nanowires exhibit a large number of oxygen vacancies. As a result, it is expected that they can be useful for the fabrication of gas sensor devices.


We propose a deep learning-based resolution enhancement method for integral imaging microscopy. The elemental images were captured through a microlens array which generates orthographic view images. Resolution enhancement was done by the generative adversarial network.


. The main aim of this paper is to present an analytical approach on the postbuckling for torsionally loaded sandwich carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced cylindrical shells with the auxetic core. The considered shells consist of three layers, external and internal CNT reinforced layers, and the auxetic lattice core made by isotropic material. The homogenization model for honeycomb auxetic lattice core is utilized, and the equilibrium equations are formulated based on the nonlinear Donnell's thin shell theory with von K´arm´an geometrical nonlinearities. The three terms of deflection are considered, the Airy's stress function and Galerkin's method are utilized, the explicit expression of critical buckling of torsionally loaded shells and load-deflection expression of postbuckling states are achieved. The effects of two carbon nanotube reinforced layers, the auxetic core layer, the volume fraction of carbon nanotube on the torsional buckling behavior are examined and remarked.


The 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquake series comprised 6 strong earthquakes that severely damaged New Zealand's second-largest city. One of these, in February 2011, delivered the highest peak ground accelerations recorded to date worldwide. This event caused damage to all multi-storey buildings in the city and rendered most of them unrepairable. It therefore highlighted the advantage of design for low damage in a major event, so that the building remains functional. Friction springs are key components in many low damage solutions. Friction springs can be used by themselves as base isolation or together with other low damage systems such as sliding hinge joints (SHJ) or lead rubber bearings (LRB). The friction spring damper is integrated in the SAP2000 software for the structural analysis and design of buildings. There already are buildings in New Zealand which are equipped with friction springs as part of a low damage design solution, for example Te Puni Village Student Accommodation, One Market Lane (all in Wellington) and Tait Communication Campus (Christchurch). The Te Puni Village was completed in 2008 and on July 21st 2013 was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.5 on the Richter Moment Magnitude Scale (MMS) and the following aftershock measuring 5.8 on the MMS. The main earthquake exceeded the elastic threshold of the building, activating the low damage features which then returned the building to its original position with no structural damage and full functionality.


The beginning of a new year and 10th volume of the United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Journal marks the end of a year with publications in scientific advances and clinical strategies for the management of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. In 2021, the UEG and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroparesis were published as attempts to address the lack of guidance in recognizing, diagnosing and treating these GI conditions. Following a Delphi consensus with 41 experts from 22 European countries, a total of 87 (FD) and 89 (gastroparesis) statements were voted for agreement with evaluation of the quality of evidence. The importance of the 36 (FD) and 25 (gastroparesis) statements reaching consensus (>80% agreement) is illustrated here for the definition, diagnosis and management of these conditions and in relation to other important publications of the past year. While the cardinal symptoms of FD allow subdivision into epigastric pain (epigastric pain and burning) and postprandial distress syndrome (early satiation, postprandial fullness), the latter may overlap with nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis and in the presence of delayed gastric emptying. Apart from the need of a gastroduodenoscopy for establishing a firm diagnosis of FD, endoscopy is also mandatory and useful to exclude a mechanical obstruction in gastroparesis, with a potential role for food stasis. Although dyspepsia may be managed without endoscopy in primary care patients without alarm symptoms or risk factors, the presence of H. pylori needs to assessed and eradicated if positive (Figure 1). Guidance for the C‐urea (UBT) and gastric emptying breath tests (GEBT) is also provided by the European guideline on the use of C‐breath tests from the European Association for Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and Nutrition, ESNM and European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, among many other tests. In this Delphi consensus with 43 experts from 18 European countries, the test‐and‐treat strategy for uninvestigated dyspepsia using the UBT received a high grade of recommendation. Also, the GEBT is an established alternative to scintigraphy, which were both endorsed in the dedicated gastroparesis‐consensus. Of note, readers are provided with all practical measures for the performance and interpretation of these tests, including the monitoring of pancreatic exocrine and liver function (Figure 1). In addition, the European guideline on hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) breath tests was recently published by a separate working group. While their use for common abdominal symptoms (e.g., bloating, flatulence, pain, and diarrhea) is increasing, the lack of standardization among centers in different countries is hampering comparisons. Besides the need for validated symptom evaluation to establish carbohydrate intolerance, the importance of confounding factors is highlighted when testing oro‐cecal transit time and suspected small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) (Figure 1). As rapid transit with early colonic fermentation of ingested sugars results in false‐positive diagnoses, this can be minimized with concomitant scintigraphy or glucose rather than lactulose. In a French monocentric and retrospective study, rotating rather than single antibiotics (quinolone or azole) were more effective for remission of SIBO using the glucose breath test, regardless of underlying disorders (including FD in up to 20%), which may be related to the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Indeed, only PPI were endorsed as an effective therapy for FD, with consensus for only two classes of prokinetics in gastroparesis. In the absence of currently approved treatments in Europe, these consensus papers identify the need for novel therapeutic approaches in FD and gastroparesis. Similar gaps have been found in the management of lower GI tract disorders, including microscopic colitis (MC) for which the UEG and European MC Group developed guidelines based on the agreement of 32 experts and researchers from 14 European countries. The consensus established the undisputed role of ileocolonoscopy as a primary diagnostic tool, including the proper biopsy performance. Importantly, experts defined the histologic criteria for incomplete MC form. However, in the monitoring process, recommendations were against the repeated histology evaluation. Finally, in the therapeutic strategy, despite the moderate level of evidence, oral budesonide was recommended as a cornerstone for the induction and maintenance treatment of both MC forms without increased risk of serious adverse events (Figure 1).


The concentration and composition of phytoplankton populations are measured by an optical method which can be used either in situ or remotely. This method is based upon the in vivo light absorption characteristics of phytoplankton. To provide a data base for testing assumptions relative to the proposed method, visible absorbance spectra of pure cultures of 20 marine phytoplankton were obtained under laboratory conditions. Descriptive and analytical statistics were computed for the absorbance spectra and were used to make comparisons between members of major taxonomic groups and between groups. Spectral variation between the members of the major taxonomic groups was observed to be considerably less than the spectral variation between these groups. In several cases the differences between the mean absorbance spectra of major taxonomic groups are significant enough to be detected with passive remote sensing techniques.


The Ideological and political education of college students is the theme of education while the method of education is colorful.In the practice of education,we found that "Two-Lessons" teaching is the main class for the ideological and political education of college students;Party school is a special ways for it;"Two-Lessons" teaching is the efficient path for promoting the ideological and political education of college students and social practice is the carrier.


In order to investigate the fast start-up of anaerobic reactor,a mesophilic internal circulation anaerobic reactor with a suspended solid concentration of granular sludge of 25.33 g/L and an initial organic loading of 11 kg/(m3·d) was started up.After 10 days,when the start-up finished,the organic loading reached 13 kg/(m3·d) with a chemical oxygen demand removal of 95%.The first internal circulation formed in the 1st day.The strategy of a high organic loading with a high granular sludge concentration is advantageous for fast start-up when the bio-activity of the granules is good.


T he potassium salt of carbenicillin, a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity. Carbenicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. T his leads to a weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing bacterial cell lysis. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020


Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanisms of miRNAs regulating osteoblast mineralization still needs to be further cleared. Distal-less genes 2 (Dlx2) plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. We have found that miR-539 was significantly downregulated and Dlx2 was found to be inversely correlated with miR-539 in MC3T3-E1 cell line during osteoblast mineralization. The overexpression of miR-539 significantly decreased the expression level of Dlx2 and suppressed the osteogenic marker gene expression level, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization. Our study showed that miR-539 was a negative regulator in osteoblast mineralization and that the targeting of Dlx2 gene partly contributes to this inhibitory effect exerted by miR-539.


This paper deals with variational principles on thin films subject to linear PDE constraints represented by a constant-rank operator $\mathcal{A}$. We study the effective behavior of integral functionals as the thickness of the domain tends to zero, investigating both upper and lower bounds for the $\Gamma$-limit. Under certain conditions we show that the limit is an integral functional and give an explicit formula. The limit functional turns out to be constrained to $\mathcal{A}_0$-free vector fields, where the limit operator $\mathcal{A}_0$ is in general not of constant rank. This result extends work by Bouchitte, Fonseca and Mascarenhas [J. Convex Anal. 16 (2009), pp. 351--365] to the setting of $\mathcal{A}$-free vector fields. While the lower bound follows from a Young measure approach together with a new decomposition lemma, the construction of a recovery sequence relies on algebraic considerations in Fourier space. This part of the argument requires a careful analysis of the limiting behavior of the rescaled operators $\mathcal{A}_\epsilon$ by a suitable convergence of their symbols, as well as an explicit construction for plane waves inspired by the bending moment formulas in the theory of (linear) elasticity. We also give a few applications to common operators $\mathcal{A}$.


Sticking to autonomous system at the grass-roots level is the procedure for development of democracy at the basic level.Strengthening the construction of autonomous system for people at the grass-roots level is not only important in the construction of democratic system of socialism,with which the people can exercise democratic rights in concordance with the law,but also helpful in coordinating and dealing with interests and relations in the process of development and reform,which is fundamental in resolving various kinds of discrepancies and ensuring the harmonious development of the society.


Large language models (LLMs) such as those embedded in 'chatbots' are accelerating and democratizing research by providing comprehensible information and expertise from many different fields. However, these models may also confer easy access to dual-use technologies capable of inflicting great harm. To evaluate this risk, the 'Safeguarding the Future' course at MIT tasked non-scientist students with investigating whether LLM chatbots could be prompted to assist non-experts in causing a pandemic. In one hour, the chatbots suggested four potential pandemic pathogens, explained how they can be generated from synthetic DNA using reverse genetics, supplied the names of DNA synthesis companies unlikely to screen orders, identified detailed protocols and how to troubleshoot them, and recommended that anyone lacking the skills to perform reverse genetics engage a core facility or contract research organization. Collectively, these results suggest that LLMs will make pandemic-class agents widely accessible as soon as they are credibly identified, even to people with little or no laboratory training. Promising nonproliferation measures include pre-release evaluations of LLMs by third parties, curating training datasets to remove harmful concepts, and verifiably screening all DNA generated by synthesis providers or used by contract research organizations and robotic cloud laboratories to engineer organisms or viruses.


In order to confirm on production of vitamin B12 during the kimchi fermentation period, the variation of its content is studied in this paper As a...


PATIENTS OFTEN believe that cancer is hereditary even though this is only true in 5-10per cent of cases, a genetics expert has said.


ABSTRACT In Part II of this work a flighted pilot rotating cylindrical drum, intended to be used as either a dryer or calciner ( kiln) has been used to investigate the flow, through it, of pulverized moist lignite. Tracer pulse input - response experiments have been performed. Residence Time Distribution ( RT) data have been deduced for three types of flight geometry, namely: Rectangular ( RA) Equal Angular Distribution ( E.A.D.) and Equal Horizontal Distribution ( E.H.D) For each flight shape, mean residence time t¯ has been correlated with drum operating conditions. The sequence ⩾ t¯ EAD t¯ EAD has been validated. A comparison between the residence time predictions for the flighted and the bare drum has indicated that t for the former may be higher by up to 3.5 times than that for the latter. Exceptionally high solids hold-up values ( Z= 0.13− 0.42) have been observed and compared to theoretical predictions. Particle size segregation during lignite flow through the flighted drum was not confirmed.


We numerically investigate a magnetic resonant wireless power transfer system based on high refractive index dielectric resonators. We propose to operate at magnetic quadrupole mode of the resonators to enlarge the efficiency due to minimization of ohmic and radiation losses. Numerical estimation predicts the 80% efficiency of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system operating at quadrupole mode at 300 MHz. Moreover, the system operating at magnetic quadrupole mode is capable of transferring power with 70% efficiency when the receiver rotates 90°. We verify the simulated results by experimental investigation of the WPT system based on microwave  ceramic  resonators (e = 80 and tanδ = 10−4).


Recent research demonstrated that 5-month-old infants could discriminate and remember repetitive actions (e.g., brushing teeth, blowing bubbles, brushing hair), but not the distinctive faces of the women who performed the actions (Bahrick, Gogate, & Ruiz, submitted). It was only when the faces were static that infants showed evidence of face discrimination. The present study replicated and extended the prior study to determine whether additional familiarization time would enable infants to show discrimination of faces engaged in repetitive activities. It was hypothesized that the failure of infants to show face discrimination was a result of the attentional salience of the actions rather than an inability to process faces in the context of dynamic events. Thus, longer familiarization time might allow interest in the actions to decrease and foster increased attention to the faces. Results supported our hypothesis and demonstrated that when familiarization time was increased twofold, there was marginally significant evidence of face discrimination in the context of dynamic events. Thus, although infants selectively attend to actions over faces, they appear to discriminate faces engaged in repetitive actions with sufficient exploration time. These findings highlight the salience of repetitive, naturalistic events to infants and the disparity between findings generated from moving versus static displays in infancy research. Introduction Bahrick, Gogate, and Ruiz (submitted) recently found that 5-month-old infants could discriminate and remember repetitive actions (e.g., brushing teeth, blowing bubbles, brushing hair), but showed no evidence of discriminating the distinctive faces of the women who performed the actions (see Figure 1). It was only when the faces were presented in static poses that infants showed evidence of face discrimination. Research on face perception, however, has shown that faces are especially salient to infants and even very young infants are adept perceivers of faces. Most of this research, however, has been conducted with static faces or faces with limited movement (e.g., speaking). Thus, little is known about infants perception of faces in the context of dynamic events. From the results of Bahrick, Gogate, and Ruiz (submitted), however, it appears that in the context of dynamic, salient events, infants are relatively poor at discriminating faces. The present study was conducted as an extension of Bahrick, Gogate, and Ruiz (submitted) in order to determine whether additional familiarization time would enable infants to show discrimination of faces engaged in repetitive activities. It was hypothesized that the reported failure of face discrimination did not reflect an inability to process faces in the context of dynamic events. Rather, it was a result of attentional selectivity. That is, because the activities were so salient, they recruited attention away from the faces. Thus, if infants viewed the events for a longer time, interest in the actions might wane and more attention might be devoted to the faces, allowing for face discriminated as well. Therefore, this study replicated all procedures of Bahrick, Gogate, and Ruiz (submitted), except that the familiarization time to the events was doubled (from 160 s to 320 s). Method Twenty-four 5-month-old infants were familiarized with two identical displays of a woman performing a repetitive activity for 8 40-s trials. Each infant received displays of one of three women (Caucasian; Asian, or Indian, each with different hair styles) performing one of the three activities (brushing teeth, blowing bubbles, or brushing hair, see Figure 1.) One minute following familiarization, two types of test trials were conducted for each infant in a novelty preference, paired comparison procedure. There were two 30-s test trials of each type. The action test assessed discrimination of the actions by presenting the familiar and a novel action side by side, performed by the familiar woman. The face test assessed discrimination of the faces by presenting the faces of the familiar and novel women side by side, both engaged in the familiar activity. The proportions of total looking time to the novel events were measured.


The facters to effect the present income are in many ways. This paper started with the present condition of peasant income in Yanbian area,the gap between Yanbian peasant and developed area was analyzed. It's an effective way to raise the peasant income in Yanbian area that strengthen nonagricultural industry.


Discourse activates classifiers. No classifier, either general or sortal (e.g. CLF:elongated 條 tiao ), appears with 44% of Mandarin nouns in descriptions of Chafe's Pear Stories film (Shanghai Wu 44%, Cantonese 37%). Classifiers only appear for highlighting. General classifiers dominate (53% Mandarin nouns, Shanghai 45%, Cantonese 45%). Only general classifiers appear in 40% of Mandarin stories (Shanghai 0%, Cantonese 3%). Sortals are infrequent: 3% of Mandarin nouns (Shanghai 11%, Cantonese 18%). Speakers name the same nouns, but sortals vary. Synonymous sortals ("bicycle" 架 jia CLF:frame/部 bu CLF:machine), form 26% of Mandarin sortals (Shanghai 9%, Cantonese 30%). No sortal listed in dialect dictionaries denotes a superordinate category (e.g. "animal"); 75% differ from Mandarin; 18% have no Mandarin cognate.


This article discusses single-tree growth models, which have become an important tool for decision-making, management and strategic decisions in the field of forest management. In Slovenia, we have only recently begun systematic development in the field of forest modelling, which includes the development of a matrix population model, testing selected models from abroad and the development of individual model components. The goal of our work is to introduce the field of empirical single-tree models for modelling forest development on a larger scale. We provide a detailed overview of established methods for modelling individual components of tree models, such as radial and height growth, crown recession, mortality, and recruitment and regeneration. We evaluated the suitability of the selected models from the perspective of their applicability in Slovenia. We conclude that the SILVA, WEHAM, MASSIMO and CALDIS models have the greatest potential for use in Slovenia, as they are all suitable for the different forest types and mixed forests with different structure that prevail in Slovenia. In addition to testing the existing models, we propose the development of new models adapted to the heterogeneous and mixed stands in Slovenia. We also propose expanding the set of indicators in forest inventories and measuring additional tree characteristics, such as canopy characteristics, which would expand forest modelling opportunities in Slovenia. In the conclusions, we also discuss the potential use of machine learning in forest development modelling, as this type of model could represent the next generation of forest models.


Banana is a good raw material of yoghurt-making due to its smooth and soft texture.Browning of banana was inhibited when banana was pulped in a mixture containing 10 mg/L of Na2S2O5 and 0.5% of citric acid after blanched for 8~10 min in boiling water.The optimum formulation of banana-yoghurt was as follows:3% of skimmed milk powder,10%of full-cream milk powder,15% of flesh of banana,7% of sugar and 20 mg/L of ethyl maltol.Inoculated with 5% of 1∶1 mixed cultures by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus,the mixture was incubated in 42 ℃ for 5 h and then kept in 4~5 ℃ for 12~20 h,and banana yoghurt was developed.The product had excellent texture and a pleasant flavor of banana and common yoghurt.


Nonformal Education Materials Development for Large Scale Projects: Issues and Recommendations for Planners (Spetember 1982) Fredi Mooney Munger , B.A., Friends World College; M* Ed . , University of Massachusetts; Ed . D . , University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor David C. Kinsey As the scale of nonformal education (NFE ) projects grows to mass proportions, educational planners are faced with a dilemma. Logistics prevent the use of many approaches for materials development that have proved relatively successful with small scale or pilot projects. Yet, the centralized media production methods which apparently make logistical sense are often inappropriate for the objectives and approaches of NFE projects. Materials development for large scale projects is at a watershed: an awareness of limitations and problems with established methods is emerging but new approaches have not yet been clearly


Background During a period of drier and hotter climatic conditions (2000-2010) many grape growing regions in Australia experienced substantially earlier ripening. Consequently wine grapes were harvested at relatively higher sugar concentrations in order to achieve the desired flavour balance. Higher wine alcohols have been a consequence and there has been some consumer and wine critic resistance. The first season of a two year project demonstrated that leaf removal just prior to veraison can delay sugar accumulation in the berry. This poster reports on the second season of results which included wine composition and assessment.


An optical information recording medium of the present invention includes at least one information layer. The infor mation layer includes a first protective film, a first interface film, a recording film having the optical characteristics that are changed reversibly by laser beam irradiation, a Second interface film, a Second protective film, and a reflective film, present in the indicated order from the laser beam incident side. The first interface film includes an oxide of at least one element Selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and Si. The second interface film includes carbon or a carbide of at least one element Selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and Si.


OBJECTIVE To study the psychological health status of doctors in a general hospital. METHODS Symptom check list (SCL-90)questionnaire was applied to investigate the psychological health status of 228 doctors in Taihe Hospital, a three A+ scale hospital, in Shiyan City, Hubei Province. Comparison was made between the investigation result and the domestic norm. RESULTS No signifi-cant different was found in the index of the doctors' group and that of the norm (P0.05). The doctors' psychological health status is related with gender and technical post. Significant difference was found between different gender and technical post(P0.05). CON-CLUSION The psychological health status of the doctors, which is related with gender and technical post, is as the same as that of the norm.


Beauty Seedless grape pigments were isolated and identified by chromatographic, spectral and chemical properties. The pigments were identified as delphinidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside acylated with caffeic acid and malvidin-3-glucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid. Beauty Seedless grapes contained 62 mg anthocyanins per 100g fresh grapes and malvidin derivatives accounted for 73% of the total anthocyanins.


We study the semiclassical particle creation in the preheating phase after inflation. We work in the long-wavelength limit, in which all fields are considered homogeneous. The particle creation is shown to be intrinsically connected to the existence of chaos in the system. Typeset using REVTEX ∗Email address: email@example.com †Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com 1


Students of color are consistently underrepresented in honors and gifted programs nationwide. Research suggests that even high-achieving students share many of the risk factors with their low-achieving peers. As a result, their continued academic success is far from assured. In addition, research on academic intervention programs designed to help these students suggests these programs are not widespread or institutionalized in schools in ways that will lead to meaningful gains in closing the achievement gaps at the high end of the academic spectrum. The study presented in this paper employed mixed methods to investigate the relationship between the design of a rigorous college preparatory program, the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IB), and the socioeconomic status of the students the program serves. The study found that an open admission International Baccalaureate (IB) program was successfully attracting and retaining African American, Latino, and Native American students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Findings are attributed to IB teachers' deeply held belief in the ability of the students to meet the rigor of the program. This IB program also has instituted a number of academic and social support mechanisms to keep students motivated to pursue the challenging curriculum.


This paper investigated the performance characteristics of a CO₂ air conditioning system for vehicles. The modified air conditioning system using CO₂ as a working fluid has been developed to apply as one of possible alternatives for mobile A/C system refrigerant. In this study, experiments to analyze cooling performance characteristics have been done with various operating conditions, which are likely to match the actual vehicle's driving conditions under hot ambient conditions, such as variation of gas-cooler inlet air temperature, evaporator inlet air conditions and compressor speed. Experimental results show that cooling capacity and coefficient of performance(COP) were up to 5.5 ㎾ and 2.7, respectively. Therefore, tested CO₂ A/C system has sufficient cooling performance to cope with cooling load under various actual driving conditions. Furthermore, road tests to apply the developed CO₂ A/C system will be investigated and correlation between bench tests and real road tests will be analyzed after comparing two cases.


The conventional monitoring system of pumped storage power station has a relatively simple alarm strategy and means for various equipment. This paper collects the data of different equipment under specific operating mode, based on the normal distribution model, which conducts dynamic filtering and real-time compensation for the data through a moving average of the normal distribution method, to achieve a general threshold model suitable for different pumping and storage equipment. The results show that the moving average filter with normal distribution can effectively optimize the trend of the final normal distribution model and form an effective general threshold model.


Introduction: The relationship between PCO2 and the resulting minute ventilation is known as the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). Two types of methods are available to measure the HCVR: rebreathing and steady-state method. The aim of this study is to investigate which method is best suitable for use in clinical practice. The key factor is the reproducibility of slope of the HCVR.

Methods: Twenty healthy adults were enrolled in the study. On two visits (5-9 days apart) the hyperoxic HCVR was measured with a rebreathing and steady-state method, in random order. The intra-class coefficient (ICC) of the slopes of the HCVR were used to assess the reproducibility.

Results: The ICC (95% confidence interval) of the rebreathing method was 0.89 (0.73-0.95), and 0.56 (0.14-0.81) for the steady-state method. The ICC of the short slope in the rebreathing method was 0.78 (0.51-0.91).

Discussion: The rebreathing measurements are reproducible, the steady-state measurements are not. The variability of PCO2 is a key factor in the poor reproducibility of the steady-state measurements. Variations in method can influence the measured slope, which affects clinical conclusions.

Conclusion: Based on the reproducibility of the measurements, it is preferred to use the rebreathing method to measure the hypercapnic ventilatory response.


The effects of feeding of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from bacterial fermentation in the colon were examined in rats. The concentration of lipids in the feces was also measured. Tripalmitin or safflower oil at the concentration of 10% (w/w) in the diet with 5% (w/w) corn oil were used as the source of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, respectively.