at Elkhorn Slough, an estuary on Monterey Bay, California, the number of shorebirds using muted tidal wetlands at high and low tide differs significantly. at all seasons, small sandpipers are significantly more abundant in muted tidal wetlands at high tide. In contrast, numbers of the Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) and american avocet (Recurvirostra americana) do not differ significantly by tide except in winter, when they are more abundant at high tide. Manipulation of water level by adjustment of tide-gate settings enhances the suitability of muted tidal wetlands for many species. These areas provide an additional habitat dimension within the slough, enabling shorebirds to feed and roost at high tide when fully tidal mudflats are unavailable. Intertidal mudflats provide important feeding areas for coastal shorebirds along the Pacific Flyway. The mixed semidiurnal tidal regime along the Pacific coast (two high and two low tides of different elevations in 24 hours), however, limits shorebirds' access to their prey as the extent of exposed mudflats varies (recher 1966). Shorebirds exploit multiple strategies for foraging, particularly when their demand for energy is high (Evans 1979, Connors et al. 1981, Schneider and harrington 1981). one important strategy is to shift to alternative foraging areas when the intertidal zone is flooded at high tide. alternative foraging habitats include coastal beaches (Burger et al. 1977, Connors et al. 1981), agricultural fields and pastures (Colwell and Dodd 1995, rottenborn 1996, Long and ralph 2001), and impoundments where the tides are muted, such as salt-evaporation ponds (Masero and Perez-hurtado 2001, Parsons 2002, Warnock et al. 2002, Strong 1990). Many coastal wetlands have areas where the tide is restricted, either naturally or more often because of diking and restoration. The benefit of these areas to shorebirds during migration and winter has been little studied. In addition to offering alternative sites for foraging, muted tidal habitat can provide greater protection from human disturbance and wind than other high-tide roosts such as coastal beaches (Davidson and Evans 1986, helmers 1993). For coastal wetlands to be managed successfully and maximize habitat quality for birds, baseline information on seasonal and daily patterns of use of various habitats within these wetlands is needed. Elkhorn Slough supports one of the largest concentrations of shorebirds in California's coastal wetlands (Page et al. 1992). Elkhorn Slough's wetland complex includes both mudflats exposed to full tidal influence and impoundments where tidal flow is restricted. I evaluated shorebird use of muted tidal habitat and tested the hypothesis that it supports a greater number of shorebirds at high tide than at low tide.


adox of Omnipotence;" "The Love of the Holy Ghost;" "Paul's Earliest Gospel;" "False Religion and the True. ' , As might be expected, these sermons are of a decidedly theological type. They touch upon many of the deep things of doctrine. But they are by no means merely dry doctrinal discussions. They are characterized by a profound earnestness and warmth. The note of conviction appears everywhere. That is to say they are real sermons. The pulpit of the day needs to cultivate more than it does this kind of preaching. Dr. Warfield is conscious of the intellectual atmosphere of the times in which he speaks and his messages bear a direct and vital relation to the problems and difficulties of the thoughtful Christian of to-day. A quotation from the sermon on the "Argument from Experience" will illustrate in a meagre way the clearness and strength of the style and the earnestness of the preacher. Speaking of the evidential value of the moral sense he says: "Far better to have no sense of right and wrong than to be cursed with a faculty as sensitive to moral distinctions as the needle is to the magnetic currents, and yet so wayward in its movements as to lead us continually astray, and bite back upon us with the bitterest remorse when perchance we have earned the praise of God." Again, "the truth of our moral sense and blank atheism are the only alternatives. " E. Y. MULLINS.


The vapor composition of the four magnesium halides has been studied by mass analyzing the vapor effusing from a Knudsen cell. In each instance, ∼1% dimer and 0.01% trimer were observed. Heats of sublimation have been measured by second‐ and third‐law methods. The discrepancy between the two methods varies from 2 kcal/mole for MgI2 to 5 kcal/mole for MgF2, with the third‐law method giving consistently lower values. The experimental heats of ionization of the monomers are in fair agreement with calculations based on an ionic model. The fragmentation pattern of the fluoride is anomalous as it is with the alkali‐halide systems. The measured relative ionization cross sections are in surprisingly good agreement with the relative electric polarizabilities of the anions.


Wang Yang-ming's doctrine of the "unity of moral knowledge and action" can be traced back to Mencius' theory of liang-chih (良知). Regarding the unity of moral knowledge and action, Socrates, Kant and Kohlberg has the same opinion with Wang. The implications from Wang's doctrine of the unity of moral knowledge and action are as follows: At first, that all human beings keep conscience at heart implicates to clarify moral thoughts and purify moral motives. Secondly, that all human beings practice good deeds implicates to introduce moral practice with moral knowledge and expand moral knowledge with moral practice.


We propose a multi-particle self-consistent Hamiltonian (derived from an N-body description) that is applicable for periodic structures such as traveling-wave tubes (TWTs), gyrotrons, free-electron lasers, or particle accelerators. We build a 1D symplectic multi-particle algorithm to simulate the nonlinear wave-particle interaction in the time domain occurring in an experimental 3-meters long helix TWT. Our algorithm is efficient thanks to a drastic reduction model. A 3D helix version of our reduction model is provided. Finally, we establish an explicit expression of the electromagnetic power in the time domain and in non-monochromatic (non-"continuous waveform") regime.


We propose a parametrization of autoregressive unit roots ARMA models (ARUMA) with partial autocorrelation coefficients to specify the autoregressive and integrated part of the model. We obtain the algebraic properties of the partial autocorrelations in the context of unit roots. The main result is that if a partial autocorrelation sequence contains some values equal to 1 or -1, then it can be split at these values into sub-sequences each of which represents the partial autocorrelations of a factor of the overall polynomial on the left-hand side of the model. A separate paper will discuss the details of the estimation procedure and its properties. An implementation is provided by Boshnakov and Halliday (2022) R package sarima, https://cran.r-project.org/package=sarima (function sarima).


In recent years, Chinese government departments have created accounts on Sina Weibo, a rising communication platform in China, to spread information related to social issues and interact with the public in an informal way. Reforms of undergraduate education is a heated issue because it is relevant to public interests and can evoke active engagement of the public. Weibo texts about reforms of undergraduate education contain various stances and opinions, so the appraisal meanings in Weibo texts are worth analyzing. This study, adopting the appraisal framework proposed by Martin and White and with the help of corpus method, attempts to investigate the appraisal strategies and underlying meanings in 50 Weibo texts about reforms of undergraduate education quantitively and qualitatively. Hopefully, this study may enrich the research of the appraisal framework on Chinese social media and provide valuable implications for the Chinese government to reconsider the way it interacts with the public in an effective and informal style by leveraging social media platforms like Weibo, so the government can better disseminate information, promote publicity and guide public attitudes towards a positive direction.


The constituent equations for piezoelectric bimorphs are written in terms of redefined extensive and intensive variables which makes it possible to write the bimorph matrix in numerical form. This numerical matrix is diagonalized to give the eigenvalues of bimorphs. The modal matrix is used to find the corresponding eigenstates. A physical interpretation of bimorph eigenstates is proposed. Two realizations of network representation are given for the admittance matrix. The eigenvalue matrix is inverted to give the impedance matrix. The network representation of the impedance matrix is given.<<ETX>>


Abstract We consider the convergence properties of series that are formed from the harmonic series by removing some of the terms. Our primary focus concerns the removal of those integers that contain a given digit in their decimal representation.


Abstract Eikenella corrodensis a facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacillus of uncertain pathogenicity for man. Our interest inE. corrodenswas stimulated by two patients with convincing infection...


PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To determine the degree to which nurses recognize levels of depressive symptoms in their patients with cancer and to describe patient characteristics that influence the accuracy of nurses' perceptions of depressive symptoms.

DESIGN
Descriptive, prospective correlational design.

SETTING
25 community-based ambulatory oncology clinics affiliated with Community Cancer Care of Indiana.

SAMPLE
40 clinic nurses rated the depression levels of 1,109 patients.

METHODS
Patients completed the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) prior to their medical oncology clinic appointment. Nurses rated their patients' level of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pain on a 0-10 numerical scale along with determining a performance status score.

MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Patient-rated depression and the nurse depression rating.

FINDINGS
The most frequent agreement between nurses and patients was observed when patients reported little or no depressive symptoms. They were only concordant 29% and 14% of the time in the mild and moderate/severe ranges, respectively. Nurses' ratings were influenced most by patients' endorsement of frequent and obvious mood symptoms and nurse ratings of patients' anxiety and pain.

CONCLUSIONS
A marked tendency existed to underestimate the level of depressive symptoms in patients who were more severely depressed. Nurses' ratings were most influenced by symptoms such as crying, depressed mood, and medical factors that are useful but perhaps not the most reliable indicators of depression in this population.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Nurse assessment of depression might be improved if greater emphasis were placed on the more diagnostically reliable symptoms of depression and if screening tools for depression were incorporated into nursing practice.


Three screening tests for resistance to Verticillium wilt in alfalfa using stem cuttings were compared including: stem infusion with a fungal culture filtrate (SIF), leaf injection with a spore inoculum (LII) and stem infusion with a spore inoculum (SII). The disease severity indice (DSI) determined by the three tests were very similar on average and were significantly correlated for a population of 142 plants regenerated from tissue culture. The DSIs determined by the LII test were also significantly correlated with the DSIs determined by the North American Standard test in a population of 20 Vertus (c.v.) plants. The results suggest that the assays using stem cuttings are effective for determining resistance to Verticillium wilt in alfalfa. Because they are nondestructive and quicker than the North American Standard test, these methods should find application in alfalfa breeding.


The analysis of the macro invertebrate assemblage in the wetlands of Lokoja and physico-chemical parameters; based on anthropogenic events across catchments of the wetland, sampling stations were allocated. From January to June, ecological parameters such as air and water temperature dissolve oxygen concentration, depth and pH levels as well as the macro invertebrate fauna were assessed. The analysis found that the temperature of air and water was highest in the March (31.42±1.0◦C) and April (38.3±0.5C) respectively; Average Depth and dissolve oxygen concentration of the water were higher in June (0.55 ± 0.07 m) and (5.30±0.92 mg/l) each, while pH was higher in May (5.73±0.68). Similarly, the overall macro invertebrate was frequent during the dry season compared to the rainy season. Higher abundance was observed in the month of April with Coleopterans being highest followed by Orthoptera; followed by May and June. We observed changes in the growth dynamics of macro invertebrate fauna from April to subsequent May and June. Our findings revealed the state of macro invertebrate fauna in the wetland Areas of Lokoja, secondly we highlighted the condition of pollution in the wetland areas as such we recommend restoration of the wetland so as to increase ecological efficiency of the wetland as well as wastewater management framework aim at eradicating elicit environmental pollution by humans into the aquatic ecosystem. Keywords— Pollution; Ecological monitoring; Macro Invertebrate physicochemical parameters; Lokoja Nigeria


The author presents the philosophical conceptual foundations of an individual of a modern era in the context of his involvement in humanitarian and educational processes. The essence of an individual is introduced as a reflective center of a modern culture. The author analyzes the main features of the cultures of modernity and postmodernity in their conjunction with the corresponding changes in human life and the possibilities for the socio-cultural identification. The author notes the radically transformed nature of the real social relations in the era of modernity era, now gravitating towards simulative relations of the postmodernity, as reflected in education and culture. Keywords—contemporary education; mass media; posthuman; human of modernity; simulacrum; sociality; mediatization; humanitarization of education; informational knowledge; autopoiesis


October 23, 1973 Industrial Relations — Unfair dismissal — Complaint — Employee ignorant of right to compensation until after four‐week period — Complaint presented over four weeks after employee put on inquiry — Tribunal's finding no jurisdiction to hear complaint — Industrial Tribunals (Industrial Relations, etc.) Regulations, 1972 (S.I. 1972 No. 38), Sch. r. 2(1).


A general expansion scheme based on the concept of linked-cluster expansion from the theory of classical spin systems is constructed for models of interacting electrons. It is shown that with a suitable variational formulation of mean-field theories at weak (Hartree-Fock) and strong (Hubbard-III) coupling the expansion represents a universal and comprehensive tool for systematic improvements of static mean-field theories. As an example of the general formalism we investigate in detail an analytically tractable series of ring diagrams that correctly capture dynamical fluctuations at weak coupling. We introduce renormalizations of the diagrammatic expansion at various levels and show how the resultant theories are related to other approximations of similar origin. We demonstrate that only fully self-consistent approximations produce global and thermodynamically consistent extensions of static mean-field theories. A fully self-consistent theory for the ring diagrams is reached by summing the so-called noncrossing diagrams.


Programmed music reduces fatigue and boredom that is common to many kinds of work environment; the principles and the results of such music programming are described here.


The former studies on the effect of temperature on growth of Microcystis aeruginosa were conducted under the condition of static water in most cases.In this paper,water from Taihu Lake was simulated as a flowing model to incubate the alga at different temperature(25 ℃ and 35 ℃).The results showed that with flow rate at 0.30 m/s,light intense at 3 300 lx and light-dark cycle at 10/14 h,the alga grew better under the temperature at 25 ℃.


The Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport has been active in quantifying radar signatures of periscopes, communication masts, and sensors, as well as different materials. Development of computational prediction codes, along with radar measurements of various targets, have provided the primary analysis tools in signature management. Because of the nature of these radar measurements, techniques were developed to simulate metallic structures. With these techniques, manufacturing time and cost were greatly reduced along with large reductions in structure weight. These techniques primarily used electrically conducting tape and paint as coatings to simulate a metallic, electrically conducting surface. Simulation validation, with computational code, was achieved with the production and measurement of several simulated metallic structures. By achieving this validation, reasonable geometrical design changes could be developed and studied with computational predictions. The most recent experiment involved using a simulated metallic surface to provide an entire environment for the targets under test. Again by using these metallic coated structures to create a multipath environment, expense and manufacturing time were reduced. This simulated environment will, it is hoped, provide a very controllable and repeatable measurement tool for incoherent scattering and fully polarimetric studies of a multipath environment.


The Bistrot des Ethnologues, created in 1993, is one of the several activities that the Mission du Patrimoine ethnologique supports and encourages. It is greatly appreciated in Montpellier region. Its activity is based on the idea that ethnology can reach a large audience, without being obliged to lower the quality of its analysis. Its goal is therefore a twofold one. First, it aims to spread among a large public the knowledge of the results of ethnological research. Second, it promotes the discussion about contemporary social issues, with reference to both western and non-western societies. The paper tells about meetings and activities of the Bistrot, their scheduling, their subjects, their attendance.


This paper summarizes "Evaluating Competing Models of Alcohol-Related Harm" of the International Workshop on Consumption Measures and Models for Use in Policy Development and Evaluation, May 12-14, 1997, Bethesda, MD. The session chair was Thomas Greenfield; presenters were Gerald Williams, Thomas Greenfield, Lorraine Midanik, Kathryn Graham, Jurgen Rehm, Anders Romelsjo, Deborah Dawson, Klaus Makela, Tim Stockwell, and Paul Gruenewald; and discussants were Tim Stockwell, Timo Alanko, and Eric Single.


The original guide fittings,which fixedly combined with the rolling mill,because of long drive chain and many fixed points,usually become flexible and seizing,bring on rolling accident. Therefore,based on the thoughts taking the centerline of the entry guide as the basis and using the pass for spotting to carry out uniform rolling line,the fixed guide fittings,which separate from the rolling mill,are designed. Applications show that the advanced guide fittings have borne about 1,800,000 times of impact no transforming and adjust agility and the conversion time is only 3min.


In a time when female scholars were rare in Japanese universities, Michiko Ogura completed an excellent doctorate in Old English syntax, then achieved a position at Chiba University, from which she obtained a year-long research fellowship in 1983-84 at St Edmund Hall, Oxford. During her career, Ogura has published major works on medieval English syntax, especially verbs. Professor Ogura retired at Chiba, then obtained a major research post at Keio University (2011-2015) and then a post at Tokyo Woman's Christian University, retiring in 2020. She obtained a D.Litt. from Adam Mickiewicz University in Poland in 2008. The international contributors to this volume offer these studies of medieval syntax in her honor, in token of many years of friendship and scholarship.


Mature embryos of wheat as the explants were in vitro cultured in different pretreatments,at different 2,4-D and sucrose concentrations and in different KT combinations with 2,4-D to study the effects of these factors on callus induction and differentiation of mature embryos of wheat.It was shown that low temperature pretreatment at 4℃ could increase the induction rates of the calluses and the differentiation percentage of regeneration plantlets and the induction rate of the calluses and differentiation percentages of the regeneration plantlets in two materials surpassed 90% and 30%,respectively;In different pretreatments,the effects of different 2,4-D concentrations were related to the genotypes and 2,4-D was more conducive to the induction and differentiation at 1~2 mg/L;The addition of KT could abate the inhibition of 2,4-D at high concentrations,but the additions of KT to the medium with 2,4-D at 1~2 mg/L showed no effects like this;Sucrose was more conducive to the callus induction at 30 g/L.Therefore,the low temperature pretreatment at 4℃ and the additions of 2,4-D at 1~2 mg/L and sucrose at 30 g/L to MS medium were helpful to the induction and differentiation of the calluses of mature embryos of wheat.


ABSTRACTIn fashion industry, 2D and 3D CAD systems to design garments already exist; however, some tasks of the process are neglected. We refer to made-to-measure garments and focus the attention on the first step of garment design, i.e. acquisition of customer's measurement. In this paper we present an application based on mixed reality, named Tailor LABoratory (TLAB), which permits to take measures for clothing design as traditionally done by the tailor. TLAB has been developed using open source libraries (e.g., VTK and Blender) and low cost devices, such as Microsoft Kinect v2 to scan the human body, Oculus Rift v2 to create the 3D virtual reality and Leap Motion device to track hands motion. In particular, a virtual tape measure is made available to take measures interacting with the human avatar. To replicate the customer's posture with her/his digital model, Blender has been adopted. It permits to manage body animations and automatic association of an animation to the 3D human avatar. Finally, preli...


In this paper,we introduce theory and practice method about combining independent studies of Diagnostic test into a summary ROC curve. This is a useful and easily applied by clinicians to analyse the data of diagnostic test. Its referance for user and doer of EBM in China.


The world is currently experiencing an agrarian crisis, nutritional crisis, and climate change catastrophe, leading to need for sustainable crop substitutes that require less water and have significant nutritional values. Millets are considered "climate savvy" and "Nutri-Cereals" due to their ability to adapt to dynamic climatic conditions and numerous health advantages respectively. They are crucial for maintaining people's health and well-being and can help in preventing disorders connected to modern lifestyles, such as diabetes and obesity. Various Government initiative have been taken to promoter millets. This paper discusses about some of the policies adopted by the Government for the promotion of millet, its impact, and future directions.


(57) Abstract: Method for reducing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis and compositions are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises the step of administering an effective calcium amount and vitamin D compounds to reduce the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. In another embodiment, the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective calcium amount and vitamin D compounds to reduce the symptoms of multiple sclerosis.


Through model selection and design calculation,the paper elaborated the entire design process of a new-type mine explosion-proof cable reel,and deeply studied the control system of cable winding.Practice proved that the designed mine explosion-proof cable reel and its winding control system was reasonable,reliable and practical.


This paper presents a method for restaurant reviews mining based on semantic polarity analysis.It regards the taste,environment,service and price as the restaurant features.The user reviews are tagged with features sentence by sentence,and the complicated sentences with multi-features are divided into several simple feature sentences.It analyses the sentences' semantic polarity and its intensity.As a result,the user can find out others' opinions on certain restaurant about its certain feature conveniently.It provides useful guidance for the user.


The magnesium alloy present application condition and its plastic forming are investigated. The characteristics and properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys are introduced. It is pointed out that plastic forming is development direction that magnesium alloy products form. It plastic forming technology and its application in automobile electronic and aeronautic industries are discussed in the paper.


In order to study the boiler efficiency and pollutants emissions,straw and its briquette were combusted in the DZL2-0.8/160-AII industrial chain stoker.The results showed: the excess air factor is 1.92,the combustibles in the slag-off is 17.4 %,the CO and H2 concentrations in 78×10-6 and 35×10-6 when the straw was combusted in the chain stocker;The excess air factor is 1.58,the combustibles in the slag-off is 8.7 %,the CO and H2 concentrations in 29×10-6 and 13×10-6 when the straw briquette was combusted in the chain stocker.It is concluded that the slag dam should be placed and the rear arch construction should be reformatted so as to developed the temperature under the rear arch;The air room flow should be adjusted and the sea-ling between the air rooms under the rear arch should be enhanced so as to reduce the excess air factor and exhaust gas heat loss.


Background: Elderly will experience various degenerative diseases due to decreased bodily functions. The common suffered by the elderly is hypertension. Hypertension causes psychological problems in the elderly and following by depressed and afraid of the condition they are experiencing. Purpose: To determine the description of depression among the elderly people with hypertension living in old folk homes Method : A quantitative with a design cross-sectional, the sample taken by a total sampling of 41 elderlies with hypertension. They were living in old folk homes Ciparay- west java under Indonesian Department of Social Welfare. Measurement tool using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and screening by mini mental status examination (MMSE). Results: Finding of 10 elderlies (24.4%), without a symptom of depression, 24 (58.5%) had a mild depression, and 7 elderlies (17.1%) had a moderate depression. Conclusion: The most elderlies with hypertension can cause symptom of depression. Depressed and hypertensive in elderly, both symptoms need attention from management old folk home and health workers, to providing psychotherapy to help elderly hypertensive sufferers with depression change negative thought patterns or unproductive patterns that may as a trigger for the depression occurrence.


AbstractThe snow surface temperature (SST) is essential for estimating longwave radiation fluxes from snow. SST can be diagnosed using finescale multilayer snow physics models that track changes in snow properties and internal energy; however, these models are heavily parameterized, have high predictive uncertainty, and require continuous simulation to estimate prognostic state variables. Here, a relatively simple model to estimate SST that is not reliant on prognostic state variables is proposed. The model assumes that the snow surface is poorly connected thermally to the underlying snowpack and largely transparent for most of the shortwave radiation spectrum, such that a snow surface energy balance among only sensible heat, latent heat, longwave radiation, and near-infrared radiation is possible and is called the radiative psychrometric model (RPM). The RPM SST is sensitive to air temperature, humidity, ventilation, and longwave irradiance and is secondarily affected by absorption of near-infrared radia...


Set clamp, comprising a cutting insert (10) and a device (40, 50) for clamping the insert against a support surface (32) provided on a tool holder (20), the device (40 , 50) having a slider (50) comprising a guide section (58) adapted to be slidably mounted in a guide hole (40) formed in the bearing surface (32) and a clamping section (52 to 57) comprising a clamping head (52, 55) having a lateral clamping relief (52R) arranged shaped to have a plating surface (55) at least partially facing the guide section (58) to abut against a surface seat (15A) opposite.


The invention relates to an off-line gadget integration development environment, and provides a system which is connected to a remote server without a network for running a gadget application program and a method for running the gadget application program without network connection. The method comprises the following steps of: receiving a gadget extensible markup language (XML) file associated with the gadget application program on a local server; analyzing the gadget XML file and a related message group according to a gadget specification without network connection; rendering the gadget application program without network connection; and displaying the gadget application program on a display which is connected to the local server. The invention also provides a system for running the gadget application program without network connection, which comprises a gadget analyzer and a gadget renderer.


(2-ethylaniline) in the presence of sulphonated polystyrene (SPS). The polymerization of 2-ethylaniline was performed with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a catalyst to form conducting poly(2-ethylaniline)/SPS complex with moderate electrical conductivity. The polymerization is simple and can be carried out at room temperature in pH 4.0 phosphate buffered solution. This electrochemically active polymer shows strong pH dependence of absorption and other characteristics. The formation of conducting and electroactive form of poly(2-ethylaniline)/SPS complex was confirmed through UV-vis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry studies show only one set of redox peaks over the potential range of -0.2 to 1.0 V. Synthesis of Water-soluble and Conducting Poly(2-ethylaniline) by Using Horseradish Peroxidase


w ith H ig hPr es su re C oo la nt S up pl y In the field of machining difficult-to-cut materials, the high-pressure coolant supply represents a promising technology for increasing productivity and process stability. The distinctive characteristic is the targeted supply of the coolant at elevated pressure (> 80 bar) into the wedge between the chip bottom and the tool rake face. In the industrial application, the high-pressure coolant supply is mainly used in turning of difficult-to-cut materials under roughing conditions. Despite the technological advantages, the application is prevented in turning operations under finishing conditions as the coolant jet force accelerates the broken chips to high velocities, which then collide with the workpiece surface. The high-dynamic impact of the chips on the surface significantly affects the surface quality and may reduce the lifetime of the final component. Hence, the technological and scientific motivation of the thesis was to analyse the underlying mechanisms for the occurrence of surface anomalies.


Thamnidium elegans CCF-1465 was grown in a submerged shake-flask culture in media in which inexpensive sugars derived from a sugar refinery plant (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) were utilized as carbon sources. Cultures were performed in media favoring the accumulation of reserve lipid (high initial C/N ratios imposed, media presenting constant initial nitrogen and increasing initial sugar concentrations, namely, at 30, 60, and 80 g/L). Although significant quantities of fat were accumulated in all cultures performed, lipid production in terms of both absolute (g/L) and relative (%, wt/wt, in dry matter) values clearly increased with sugar concentration increments into the medium. For a given initial sugar concentration, regardless of the individual sugar utilized, lipid was accumulated in almost equivalent quantities inside the mycelia. Sugars were assimilated with comparable consumption rates, while consumption rate was divided into two distinct phases, especially in the high initial sugar concentratio...


The epizootiologic, climatic, and ecologic conditions in the Middle East, combined with socioeconomic and agricultural structures in Israel, have created a unique and hazardous veterinary public health situation in this country. In this paper, emerging zoonotic diseases are newly introduced disease agents or endemic zoonoses whose previous epidemiologic patterns have changed.

As of 1996, 15 zoonotic diseases of animals, anthrax, brucellosis, cysticercosis (bovine), erysipelas,...


Learning By Teaching (LBT) programs for pre-service teachers in two different environments (technological and face-to-face) were compared using 100 pre-service teachers as subjects. Both programs were based on the IMPROVE instructional method which provides explicit metacognitive steps for LBT with a dual perspective (2P): that of the teacher and that of the learner. The dependent variables Knowledge of Cognition (KC) in learning and in teaching were tested for their immediate and long-term effects in a Technology-Based System group (TBS+2P), and in a Face-to-Face group (F2F+2P). Post-test results of KC have indicated that the TBS+2P group had shown a higher level of conditional and procedural knowledge of teaching. The TBS+2P group has also performed better in measures of long-term effects of declarative knowledge in teaching. Both theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.


This research aims to look at entrepreneurship learning in higher education. The author concludes that: 1) The parties involved and contributing to the success of entrepreneurship learning are students, educators, entrepreneur practitioners, and the community. 2) The involvement of the four parties is conceptualized in a combination of learning which includes field survey activities, literature studies, the involvement of practitioners, portfolio preparation, and field practice. The study contributed to the development of entrepreneurship education in higher education, to produce a proud outcome.


Reducingtestdatasizeis oneof themajor challengesin testingsystems-on-a-c hip. This problemcan be solvedby testcompactionand/or compressiontechniques.Having a partially specifiedor relaxedtestsetincreasestheeffectivenessof testcompactionandcompressiontechniques.In this paper, weproposea novelandefficienttestrelaxationtechnique for combinationaland full-scan sequentialcircuits. Theproposedtechniqueis faster than the brute-force test relaxationmethodby several orders of magnitude. Theapplication of the techniquein improving the effectivenessof testcompactionandcompressionis illustrated.


Abstract This study asks, "How do instructors successfully engage students in learning about controversial issues of race without hitting the common tripwires of low trust, stereotyping or racial microaggressions?" To address this question, I conducted a study of two courses on race that were focussed on difficult issues, yet were consistently highly rated by students in evaluations. What I found led me to an emerging theory about how instructors can foster classroom cultures in which learning about race is challenging but edifying and empowering for students. Drawing from data from one course, I show that the instructor does this by establishing and sustaining what I call academic grounding, a mix of academic content and academic culture. This grounding, in turn, allows students to become braver and more empathetic in their learning. I named this process Brave Community to highlight that this dynamic tension between bravery and empathy is integral to meaningful learning about racism in racist societies.


Reading the ancient scriptures of Christians of the first centuries, one can easily notice numerous invectives. From among the Fathers of the Church there are three who in particular deserve the title of "fathers of Christian invectives". One of those who best can be described as such is St. Jerome of Stridonius. It should not come as a surprise, because in ancient times one did not reach only for intellectual arguments when defending their views. A logical elucidation was merely a part of argumentation. The other part, of no less importance, were arguments ad hominem, including also invectives. Verbal insults were integral part of argumentation and the lack of them would decrease the value of debate. In this article, based on St. Jerome's of Stridonius writings, I portrayed his reactions to the phenomenon of pelagianism, as well as to the person of Pelagius himself. This subject has been analysed in many articles, but I presented it from a different angle. Namely, I emphasized varied interesting invectives that St. Jerome – well-known for his sharp tongue – directed to Pelagius, basing on argumentum ad personam.


This research was conducted focusing on the 'sales performance' of product customization at Proseeska. Basically, it is difficult for Proseeska to stay survive within the industry since Proseeska which is one of the only few Bumiputera companies has to compete with many companies who offer the same services (customization) and majority owned by the Chinese businessman. Thus, to ensure the survival of the company and continuous growth in their sales performance, Proseeska need to find out what are the major factors that will help their products customization services become more effective so that they can enhance on it in the future. The main objective of this research is to study the significance and the level of relationship between factors which include supply chain effectiveness, product quality, retailer differentiation and salespeople's skills that can contribute to the sales performance of product customization at Proseeska. Besides that, this research will study about how far retailer differentiation factor become the major factor that contribute to their sales performance.

The respondents of this study were all Proseeska's clients taken from January 2005 until December 2007. 50 questionnaires had been distributed among Proseeska's clients but only 35 of the respondents responded. The researcher had used convenience sampling as the sampling technique. The process of analyzing and interpreting data has been presented with tables using methods such as frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and chi-square. The research shows that all the factors have significant and moderate relationship with sales performance of product customization at Proseeska and product quality is the major factor that contributes to their sales performance.


A Broken Arrow mini exercise dubbed ''Accident Response Group Exercise - 1987'' (ARGX-87) was conducted on June 1, 1987 at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore (SNLL). The exercise started at 0445 PDT with a call from the Department of Energy (DOE) - EOC in Washington, DC, to the Albuquerque Operations (AL - ) - EOC. AL, in turn, called the Laboratory off-hour emergency number (Fire Dispatcher), who called the Laboratory Emergency Duty Officer (LEDO). The LEDO then contacted the Accident Response Group (ARG) Senior Scientific Advisor. Calls were placed to assemble appropriate members of the ARG in the ALERT Center. No phone number for SNLL was available at the Albuquerque Operations EOC, so a controller injected a message to SNLL to get them involved in the exercise. The messages received at the Laboratory identified the Air Force line item weapon system involved in the accident and the accident location. As people arrived at the ALERT Center they began discussing the details of the accident. They also started working the deployment logistics and other issues. Travel arrangements for the HOT SPOT equipment and ARG personnel were made for immediate deployment to the accident site inmore » North Dakota. The exercise was terminated at 0840 as planned. While certain procedural deficiencies were noted, the exercise was considered a valuable learning experience. The results and observations from this experience will be used to refine the operating procedures and the training program.« less


The closed relativistic string carrying a point-like mass in the space with nontrivial geometry is considered. For rotational states of this system (resulting in non-trivial Regge trajectories) the stability problem is solved. It was shown that rotations of the folded string with the massive point placed at the rotational center are stable (with respect to small disturbances) if the mass exceeds some critical value: $m>m_{cr}$. But these rotational states are unstable in the opposite case $m<m_{cr}$. We can treat this effect as the spontaneous symmetry breaking for the string state. Other classes of rotational motions of this system have appeared to be stable. These results were obtained both in numerical experiments and the analytical investigation of small disturbances for the rotational states.


We propose 3D guidance for the visually impaired through a tactile user interface around the head. The outlined system uses a guidance algorithm from earlier work and five essential tactile navigation instruction patterns in order to steer visually impaired users precisely around obstacles and up or down staircases, while also providing warnings about possible future collisions.


ABSTRACT Due to the advance of Internet, offline services are expanded into online services and a financial transaction company provides online services using internet baning systems. However, security problems of the internet banking systems are caused by a lack of security for developing the internet banking systems. Although the financial transaction company has applied existing internal and external standards, ISO 20022, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 9789, ISO/IEC 9796, Common Criteria, etc., there are still vulnerabilities. Because the standards lack in a consideration of security requirements of the internet banking system. This paper is intended to explain existing standards and discusses a reason that the standards have not full assurance of security when the internet baning system is applied by single standard. Moreover we make an analysis of a security functions for the internet baning systems and then selects the security requirements. In this paper, we suggest a new protection profile of the internet baning systems using Common Criteria V.3.1 from the analysis mentioned above.Keywords:Internet Banking System, Protection Profile, Common Criteria


In this paper, the researcher investigates the benefits of using smaller class sizes in Florida as compared to its projected costs. Six class size research studies are analyzed for experimental integrity and generalizability. There is also a discussion of the politics behind the class size movement in Florida. Class Size Controversy There has been a substantial amount of controversy surrounding the class size issue (Achilles, 2003; Bracey, 1995; Kronholz, 2002). Parents and teachers are on one side touting the benefits of smaller class sizes: increased academic achievement, greater student-teacher interaction, utilization of more innovative teaching strategies, and a decrease in discipline problems. Proponents believe that smaller classes will enable teachers to focus more of their attention on classroom preparation (e.g., constructing lesson plans and grading papers) and less on classroom management. Their logic is appealing and they have research studies to support their opinions. Legislators and policymakers doubt the benefits of small class size. They quote studies that show minimal results while incurring large costs. Opponents believe that funds could be more wisely spent on programs that show greater benefits. The main part of the controversy involves the cost of lowering class size as compared to its perceived benefits. If the costs outweigh the benefits, then smaller class sizes are of little value, but if the benefits outweigh the costs, then the small class size initiative has a high value. Policy analysts generally refer to this as a cost-benefit analysis of the program (Heineman, Bluhm, Peterson, & Kearny, 2002). Another popular form of analysis, which tests the integrity of a policy, is called experimental analysis. Experimental analysis requires random assignment of subjects to an experimental and control group (Heineman et al., 2002). The experimental group receives the treatment whereas the control group does not, and then the groups are evaluated to see which performs better. The purpose of this paper is to determine the worthiness of reducing class size in Florida by using two theoretical frameworks: cost-benefit analysis and experimental


Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier (INA) is one of the most fascinating and widely used devices in analog signal conditioning circuit which amplifies very small differential signal while cancelling the common mode signal. By cascading, we can amplify the signal of Yokto level (10-24) to the saturation level of Op-Amp i.e., if we use the structure of INA with order five, it amplifies the signal upto 490dB at normal conditions of component and approximately 630 dB at critical values of all the components. The problem of dc-offset can be rectified by modified circuit of cascaded INA which restricts the output to be clipped. Although it is very important building block for small signal amplification circuits, with every stage of cascaded INA the size of the circuit increases. In this paper, we present the CMOS implementation of cascaded INA with dc-offset reduction capability. The use of CMOS in INA is gaining nowadays because of its low power requirement. CMOS transistors use little power and do not produce as much heat as the traditional BJT. Since the size of channel length of CMOS transistor is shrinking very significantly, it allows a high density of logic functions on chip. Further we present the hypothesis to implement the cascaded INA with dc-offset reduction using DGMOSFET for extracting best performance, utilizing the most from available resources.


Conservation tillage technology not only protects natural resources but also provides some economic leverage. The present investigation evaluated two puddle tillages (i) conventional tillage (CT) and (ii) single pass wet tillage (SPWT) and two unpuddled tillages(iii) strip tillage(ST) and (iv) bed planting (BP) to establish rice in the High Barind Tract, Godagari, Rajshahi during aus 2010 and boro 2011 season. The CT option incurred higher cost compared to other tillage treatments due to more fuel and labour used in land preparation. Minimum tillage (SPWT, ST and BP) saved about 30-54% fuel consumption and 40-49% labour requirement compared to CT in land preparation. Labour did not face much difficulty to transplant seedling in unpuddled fields. However, unpuddled establishment required more labor for weeding compared to puddle one. Bed planting in aus gave significantly lower grain yield than other establishment methods. However, in boro season, all the tested tillage methods produced similar yield. In both seasons, CT showed the highest input costs due to more number of tillage passes and fuel requirement in land preparation. As a consequence, SPWT, ST and BP appeared to be more profitable than CT both in aus and boro rice.


Applications of behavioural insights (BI) are increasingly being used in social and economic contexts by both public and private actors, and particularly in highly developed countries like Canada. These applications aim to use an understanding of human decision-making informed by key findings in behavioural science in recent decades, one that challenges conventional assumptions about rationality. BI applications are based on systematic and predictable errors in individual decision-making, the biases and shortcuts individuals use routinely. Proponents of BI foreground their low cost of implementation and their ability to produce benefits without regulation or incentives, preserving individual choice. In the last decade, numerous governments have established dedicated units to further pilot and implement BI in public policy, including the UK and Canada.

Our Synthesis Paper assesses the underlying scholarship of BI, by examining the research testing its significance for sustainability goals. We conducted a comprehensive literature review using an interdisciplinary approach and methods (from psychology, economics and public policy). Our findings indicate that this field is still cohering and contains considerable promise for reducing adverse environmental impacts. However, we conclude that the state of the research does not yet support many general policy applications.


On Mars, interior layered deposits (ILD) provide evidence that water was once stable at the surface of the planet and present in large quantities. In West Candor Chasma, the ILD and their associated landforms record the depositional history of the chasma, and the deformation of those deposits provide insight into the stresses acting on them and the chasma as a whole. The post ILD structural history of West Candor is interpreted by analyzing the spatial relationships and orientation trends of structural features within the ILD. Therecording of stresses through brittle deformation ofIT;Ds implies that the ILD had been lithified before the stress was imposed. Based on the prominent orientation trends of deformation features, the orientation of the stress regime acting upon the ILD appears to be linked to the regime that initially created the chasma-forming faults. An additional minor stress orientation was also revealed and may be related to large structures outside west Candor Chasma. The late depositional history of Ceti Mensa is herein investigated by examining the attributes and spatial relationship between unique corrugated, linear formations (CLF). The CLFs appear to be aeolian in origin but display clear indications of brittle deformation, indicating they have been Iithified. Evidence of lithification and the mineral composition of the surrounding material support the interpretation of circulating water in the area.


[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] With a growing amount of artworks that reach the audience every day, reviews become a useful instrument in making a choice of what deserves our attention. The review is considered to be a type of discourse that, first and foremost, includes description, information and evaluation of the item under discussion. It is expected to present the reviewed work, to analyze and evaluate it following such criteria as the structure, authenticity, originality, artistic advantages and disadvantages. Different cultures have different traditions of writing reviews, and this paper looks at how English and Lithuanian art reviewers construct their texts, what elements are used in the structure of reviews in these two languages. The corpus of the research data contains art reviews on films and theatre performances of the early 1970s. Qualitative analysis is the key method in this work. Keywords: English art reviews, Lithuanian art reviews, elements of art reviews, the structure, traditions of writing a review. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.17


In article tactical features of implementation of interrogation of the road and transport crime suspected of commission are considered; the circumstances influencing success of the investigator when carrying out this type of investigative action are given; the interrogation implementation stages, taking into account specifics of investigation of a road and transport crime and establishment of his face which made are represented.


Lattice calculations are used to show the dominant role of instantons in determining light hadron structure and quark propagation in the QCD vacuum. The instanton content of gluon fields sampling the Wilson action is extracted using cooling as a filter to selectively remove essentially all fluctuations of the gluon field except for instantons. Close agreement is demonstrated between quenched lattice QCD results including all gluonic contributions and including only instantons for vacuum correlation functions of hadronic currents and for density‐density correlation functions in hadronic bound states.


Investors in the mortgage-backed securities market have long tiered pools based on the servicer concentration in the pool. The tiering is largely due to observed prepayment differences among servicer, servicer type (bank versus non-bank), and origination channel (retail, correspondent, or broker). We examine the influence of the servicer on prepayment rates and differentiate between bank and non-bank servicers. Further, the origination channel also influences mortgage prepayment rates.


Ground radiometric surveys in uranium prospecting have in the past suffered from two serious shortcomings. Owing to varying instrument sensitivity and the often arbitrary height at which readings are taken, it has been impossible to compare results obtained in different surveys and, moreover, to relate such readings to actual U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ concentrations. A set of calibration sources designed to overcome these problems has recently been constructed on the site of the National Nuclear Research Centre, Pelindaba. A discussion of the standards applied and the instrument calibration procedure is presented. (INIS)


Economic prosperity of Han Dynasty paved the road for cultural flourishing,and seals had experienced a leap of development and became more and more colorful both in content and in form.Among those unearthed seals,women's seals are an indispensable part of it.The study of women's seal plays a supplementary role in judging the time of tombs,determining the identity of the tomb owner,and getting knowledge about the seal system in Han Dynasty.


SPRING 2023 63 This narrative sheds light on the hardships and ongoing tenuous nature of life on the Trans-Appalachian frontier. Unfortunately, it fails to uncover the brutal way Indians were treated or how, indeed, Indigenous people had already settled and farmed these western lands. Nor do women play a significant role in this narrative. This is a narrative about men in TransAppalachian frontier and John Gibson's life makes abundantly clear how difficult it was to survive in this harsh and tumultuous landscape. Susan Sleeper-Smith Michigan State University


International strategy is a basic principle and standpoint,by which a party or a nation deals with the international relationships.It is also a significant symbol to measure whether the party or nation has the long-range,magnificent and culturally advanced international views and strategical thinking.Deng Xiaoping is a great thinker and strategist endowed with splendid insight and creativity.With the highly historic responsibility for the benefits of the international society and our country,he not only succeeds to Mao′s international strategy,but also increasingly develops and innovates on this strategy in international arena,pointing out the way of Chinese democracy since the implementation of reform and opening policy.


The authors would like to correct Figs Figs6,6, ,77 and and9,9, as well as the caption for Fig 2.

Fig 2

The outer-layer of embryoid bodies gradually developed apico-basolateral polarity.

Fig 6

Addition of AZD-4547 inhibited Erk phosphorylation and resulted in smaller and more circular embryoid bodies.

Fig 7

Reduced expression of the primitive endoderm markers Gata4 and Gata6 and increased expression of Nanog was observed in embryoid bodies following inhibitor of the Fgfr.

Fig 9

Inhibition Mek or the Fgfr did not significantly alter the expression levels of polarity and junction proteins.

In Fig 2, the images for rows B and C for conditions Day 3, Day 7, and Day 10 were carried out as co-immunofluorescence, so the DAPI stain is the same for both markers. The authors have provided a corrected caption for Fig 2 to clarify this.

In Fig 6, two of the images (1 µM AZD-4547 and 2 µM AZD-4547) were mistakenly derived from the same sample. The authors have provided a revised version of Fig 6 with a corrected image for 1 µM AZD-4547.

The stains in Fig 7D (right panel) are an incorrect duplicate of Fig 4D (right panel). The authors have provided a corrected Fig 7 here. The left panels of Fig 7D are correctly duplicated as they are both identical DMSO controls.

The Western blot for aPkcζ/λ in Fig 9B incorrectly appears as a duplicate of the Fibronectin blot in Fig 9F. Please see the corrected Fig 9 here.

The authors confirm that these changes do not alter their findings. Original, uncropped images for Figs 6A (1µM and 2µM), 7D (original confocal files), 9B, 9D and 9F are available as Supporting Information.


The New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) prohibited the use of partial depth precast deck panels on its long span, high traffic volume bridges until it could investigate if the precast slabs and the concrete overpour were acting in a composite manner. The NHDOT also wanted to ensure that there was adequate transfer of traffic loads between the panels without causing reflective cracking. The purpose of this project was to investigate these two issues. The NHDOT reconstructed the deck of the I-393 bridge over the Merrimack River in Concord using precast concrete slabs and a concrete overpour in 2002-2003. Cores were taken from this bridge deck to evaluate the composite behavior of the slabs and overpour and cracking was evaluated. Cores were taken before the introduction of traffic and then after the deck had been exposed to traffic for several months. Cracking was evaluated before and after traffic. The cores taken were subjected to tensile and shear strength testing across the panel/overpour interface and were found to perform satisfactorily. The tests provided conclusive evidence that there was excellent bond between the deck slabs and the overpour and that the strength of the bond was actually improving slightly over time. An inspection of the deck before and after traffic loading revealed that the panels were adequately transferring traffic loading without causing reflective cracking. Based on these results the NHDOT will permit the use of this type of deck construction on long span, high traffic volume bridges.


The data from three stations equipped with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) deployed in the shallow water of the Taiwan Strait (TWS) were used to study the shallow coastal ocean response to five quasi-continuous tropical cyclone (TC) events in the late summer 2006. We revealed that, in the forced stage, when the large and strong TC (Bilis) transited, the geostrophic currents were formed which dominated the whole event, while the strong but relatively small one (Saomai) or the weak one (Bopha) primarily leaded to the generation of Ekman currents. In the relaxation stage, the barotropic subinertial waves and/or the baroclinic near-inertial oscillations (NIOs) were triggered. Typically, during the transit of the Saomai, subinertial waves were induced which demonstrated a period of 2.8–4.1 days and a mean alongshore phase velocity of 14.9 ± 3.2 m/s in the form of free-barotropic continental shelf waves. However, the NIOs are only notable in the area in which the water column is stably stratified and also where the wind stress is dominated by the clockwise component and accompanied by high-frequency (near-inertial) variations. We also demonstrated that, due to the damping effects, the nonlinear wave-wave interaction (e.g., between NIO and semidiurnal tide in our case), together with the well-known bottom friction, led to the rapid decay of the observed TC-induced near-inertial currents, giving a typical e-folding time scale of 1–3 inertial periods. Moreover, such nonlinear wave-wave interaction was even found to play a major role during the spring tide in TWS.


After joining of Ukrainian lands the Russian empire got the difficult system of the judicial system in an inheritance. A government used stage-by-stage introduction of principles of the imperial judicial system on Ukrainian earth, especially on parts of Ukraine on a right river Dnepr, where the Russian system of the judicial system was laid on old system that continued to exist and operate. Judicial law that touched the judicial system, not small the special code, and the norms of laws that was contained in different legal institutes were contradictory enough. The structure of the judicial system and cognizance of courts were not clearly certain a court. During the first half of XIX of century the system of class judicial establishments operated on territory of the Ukrainian provinces. Except general courts the judicial system included for itself the special courts: soldiery, commercial, spiritual, mountain. From 1840th the Ukrainian system of rule-making was synchronized with all-Russian.


People on seawalls and breakwaters can enjoy very comfortable sea environment. However such places are actually dangerous to the users especially when waves are high.A fishing park was built in 1984 on a seawall of Tarumi reclaimed land in City. The park has been operated very safely and successfully. The data concerning operation with measured waves are analyzed to investigate safety operation of such amenity-oriented sea structures. A short series of experiments are also conducted to reproduce the wave overtopping on the seawall.


Stated preference research to elicit respondents' values, or willingness-to-pay (WTP), to avoid or mitigate a detrimental environmental outcome or change often collects information on past experience with the adverse event in the underlying survey. Traditionally, this information on past experience is then incorporated into a given Random Utility Model (RUM) used for welfare estimation as an explanatory modifier of WTP. The quality or accuracy of these measurements of "past experience" has, to date, been given limited attention. This study presents a unique opportunity to validate stated experiences by Florida Gulf coast residents with red tide-related air toxins with satellite imagery of chlorophyll-a concentration, as well as field data on respiratory irritation at local beaches. We find that respondents are more likely to choose our proposed new harmful algal blooms forecast system when the chlorophyll-a concentration or respiratory irritation is higher at nearby coastal locations. Moreover, we illustrate that this ancillary scientific information can be efficiently combined with choice experimental data and works as a truly exogenous instrument for survey-elicited experiences. Looking further, we consider this research a first step in a broader effort to directly link scientific data on environmental conditions with nonmarket economic outcomes.


Meningeal blood flow is controlled by CGRP released from trigeminal afferents and NO mainly produced in arterial endothelium. The vasodilator effect of NO may be due to the NO–derived compound, nitroxyl (HNO), generated through reaction with endogenous H2S. We investigated the involvement of HNO in CGRP release and meningeal blood flow.


Remains of pile dwellings are present in many lakes around the Alps, particularly north of the Alps in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Those remains originating from 5000–1000 B.C. are listed as UNESCO World Heritage because of their historical and cultural importance and thus, deserve protection. On the known pile dwelling site of Freienbach-Hurden/Seefeld in Lake Zurich near Rapperswil, Switzerland several investigations were carried out to map and characterize the cultural layers. Amongst other inspections a GPR survey was carried out. Data were acquired in shallow water with a boat, processed and interpreted with the help of drilling information. The final results was a 3-D model of cultural layers which can now be used for the planning of protective measures.


Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of RCT in OPD, to evaluate particular teeth, estimate mean frequency of male /female patients who visited to dental college. Material and methods: A total of 600 patients visited the clinics during the study period. Through the use of radiographs, frequency of RCT in OPD, particular teeth and mean frequency in male and female ratio was seen. The analysis of data was performed using methods of descriptive statistics. Result: It shows that maximum number of patients undergone RCT is 419 (69.8%) in 600 patients. The maximum number of RCT's are found in 1st molars and the mean frequency of RCT's is more in males when compared to females. Conclusion: The first molars were the most frequently found for undergoing RCT in both maxilla and mandible followed by second molar & second premolar. Periapical lesions showed an almost similar pattern among teeth with a higher number of radiolucencies found in the 1st molar in both the arches followed by second molar.


The detection of non-palpating breast cancer might improve the survival of patients with whole breast cancer because it can be diagnosed at an early stage. Therefore, to standardize the quality of patient care, a published assessment guideline is necessary in a clinical setting. For this purpose, Japan and USA have independent guidelines with different approaches. "The evidence-based guideline for clinical treatment of breast cancer" that was published in June 2005 by the Japanese breast cancer society, is the first set of integrated guidelines pertaining to breast cancer in Japan. These guidelines are presented in the research questions (RQ) format. This paper explains 7 RQs (out of 31 RQs) and also discusses the recommenda-tions pertaining to the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Net-work (NCCN; USA) guidelines, which are widely recognized as one of the most reliable guidelines based on published evidences, also contain the diagnostic assessment of asymptomatic patients with a negative physical examination. This paper discusses pros and cons of each of the abovementioned guidelines as well as their clinical application. It is necessary to use both the Japanese and NCCN guidelines while understanding the differences between the two.


The flow behavior of glass bead, limestone, and powdered quartz suspensions was examined in steady and oscillatory shear tests. The solids content was varied up to a maximum of 25 vol % and the mean particle diameter ranged from 3 to 31 μm. The suspending liquid consisted of one of two silicone oils, which had limiting viscosities at zero shear rate slightly greater than 5×105 and 106 mPa s, respectively. The concept of shear stress equivalent inner shear rate, which describes the response of suspensions in steady shear experiments, was applied here to dynamic tests. Application of this concept yielded uniform descriptions of the flow curves that result from oscillatory deformations. In the region dominated by hydrodynamic forces, a modified Cox–Merz rule was derived. The shear stress function τ(γ) and complex modulus G*(ω) can be expressed as a function of the solid concentration using the parameters in this modified Cox–Merz relation.


Aim of study: Practically and simply assessing biodiversity by using inventory variables in four types of forest plantation stands (mixed and pure) including species such are chestnut, blue gum and maritime pine.
Area of study: Northwest Portugal in Vale do Sousa (14,840 ha), which is 97% covered with plantation forests.
Material and methods: Simulated data, from 90-year stand-level forest management planning, were considered using three indicators: tree species (number of different species and species origin—native or exotic), mean diameter at breast height (DBH), and shrub biomass. Two shrub regeneration types (fully regeneration by seed and fully regeneration by resprouting), and three site quality conditions were also considered.
Main results: Mean biodiversity scores varied between very low (10.13) in pure blue gum stands on lowest-quality sites with shrub regeneration by seed, and low (29.85) in mixed stands with a dominance of pine, on best-quality sites with shrub regeneration by resprouting. Site quality and shrub regeneration type significantly affected all biodiversity scores in mixed stands dominated by pine and pure chestnut stands, while less affected pure blue gum stands and mixed stands dominated by blue gum.
Research highlights: The considered biodiversity indicators cover the major biodiversity aspects and allow biodiversity assessment over time. The findings are relevant for biodiversity conservation and fire protection management.


Objective To evaluate the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-βrⅢ in genital tubercle (GT) of hypospadiac male rats induced by maternal exposure to DBP. Methods Twenty timed preg-nant rats were randomly divided into 2 groups and were given Di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) by gastric in-tubation at a dose of 0 or 750 mg/kg from gestation day(GD) 14 to GD18. On postnatal day (PND 1), live pups were counted and male pups were examined for hypospadias. On PNDT, The anogenital dis-tance (AGD) and body weight of male pups were measured. The gross image and the histologic chan-ges of hypospadiac genitalia were checked. Meanwhile, real-time quantitative PCR were used to quanti-fy mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β rⅢ in GT of hypospadiac male rats. Results The number of live pups in the DBP treating group was significantly decreased and the incidence of hypospadias was 43. 750%. The body weight and the AGD of hypospadiac male rats were significantly decreased on PND7. The general and the pathological changes of hypospadiac genitalia were also observed. Moreo-ver,significantly decreased gene expressions of TGF-β1 and TGF-βr Ⅲ were found. Conclusions There were obviously toxic effects of DBP to the pregnant rats. The down-regulation expression of TGF-β signaling molecules might lead to the development of hypospadias induced by maternal exposure to DBP.

Key words:
Di-n-butyl phthalate;  Hypospadias;  TGF-β1; TGF-βrⅢ


A simple wet chemical method has been developed to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (size 40–100 nm), by the reaction of sodium selenosulphate precursor with different organic acids in aqueous medium, under ambient conditions. Polyvinyl alcohol has been used to stabilize the selenium nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles can be separated from its sol by using a high-speed centrifuge and can be redispersed in aqueous medium with a sonicator. UV-visible optical absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-rays, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques have been employed to characterize the synthesized selenium nanoparticles.


Objective: Despite the wish of many people with SMI to work in a competitive job, employment rates are low. IPS is more effective than other vocational rehabilitation methods in achieving employment and its use should be extended to bridge the gap between user wish and reality. This study measures possibilities to implement IPS in Flanders, by investigating current use, barriers and facilitators across a wide range of services. Method: Semi-structured interviews with 17 vocational rehabilitation agencies were conducted, using the IPS Fidelity Scale and a list of open-ended questions on perceived barriers and opportunities. Results were analyzed via thematic analysis. Results: Results show an overall lack of implementation of IPS in Flanders, especially on the four core elements for which most evidence exists. An external style of attributing barriers to environment factors or client characteristics is apparent which could lead to a sense of resignation among counselors. Conclusions: The use of the IPS fidelity scale and open-ended questions has provided concrete levers to prepare for imple- mentation: a strong leadership in the agencies to encourage optimism towards regular employment for people with SMI; closer co-operations between employment agencies, care agencies and employers; and a more facilitating legislation concerning using IPS.


The adsorption and dissociation of methane (CH4) on a variety of cobalt (Co) surfaces have been assessed using density functional theory. The adsorption of CHx (x = 0–4) and H species, as well as the sequential dissociation of CH4 on Co(111), (100) and (110) surfaces, have been studied. Using the calculated adsorption energies, the preferred adsorption sites for CHx (x = 0–4) and H species on different Co surfaces have first been located, and then the stable co-adsorption configurations of CHx and H (x = 0–3) on these surfaces obtained. In addition the mechanism for the sequential dissociation of CH4 on Co surfaces has been investigated and compared in terms of the thermodynamics and kinetics involved. Our results suggest that Co(100) is the preferred surface for CH4 dissociation, both thermodynamically and kinetically, rather than (111) and (110) surfaces.


We propose a two dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm with multiple signals incident on an L-shaped array. The classical root-MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm for an L-shaped array requires the solution of a 2D polynomial equation, a step that imposes high computational complexity. We propose a method to estimate the DOA of the incident signals using the traditional one-dimensional (1D) MUSIC in each arm of the L-shaped array; the key contribution here is an efficient and effective algorithm to pair the estimates in each arm. The pairing is based on finding the local maxima of the 2D MUSIC statistic over the possible estimated frequencies obtained by the two 1D MUSIC processes. Finally, we derive the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for the estimation of the paired frequencies in the general case of colored noise. The simulation results compare the performance of the proposed method in comparison with available methods and the CRB.


Dynamics of conservation and society: the case of Maputaland, South Africa Student: Jennifer Lee Jones Supervisors: Prof Albert van Jaarsveld1 and Prof Ian Meiklejohn2 Departments: 1Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa 2Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Environment and Society) Abstract Current conservation practices in the developing world are conceptualized as tools to simultaneously protect biodiversity and provide rural economic development. Conservation's responsibility or ability to contribute to poverty alleviation and maintain its primary function of biodiversity protection is widely debated. Regardless if one chooses to prioritize conservation over poverty or vice versa, human well being at the global scale and local livelihoods at the micro scale are dependent on natural resources, making it is impossible to separate environment and development issues. In South Africa, conservation has largely been pursued in protected areas, particularly fenced parks devoid of human settlement. The benefits of parks are well known (i.e. biodiversity and ecosystem services), but the impacts on local livelihoods are not well documented. The Maputaland region located in northeast KwaZulu-Natal contains exceptional biodiversity alongside massive poverty and has been the subject of conservation and development projects marketed as win-win solutions. Yet, conservation in Maputaland is driven by global external agendas and epistemologies based onCurrent conservation practices in the developing world are conceptualized as tools to simultaneously protect biodiversity and provide rural economic development. Conservation's responsibility or ability to contribute to poverty alleviation and maintain its primary function of biodiversity protection is widely debated. Regardless if one chooses to prioritize conservation over poverty or vice versa, human well being at the global scale and local livelihoods at the micro scale are dependent on natural resources, making it is impossible to separate environment and development issues. In South Africa, conservation has largely been pursued in protected areas, particularly fenced parks devoid of human settlement. The benefits of parks are well known (i.e. biodiversity and ecosystem services), but the impacts on local livelihoods are not well documented. The Maputaland region located in northeast KwaZulu-Natal contains exceptional biodiversity alongside massive poverty and has been the subject of conservation and development projects marketed as win-win solutions. Yet, conservation in Maputaland is driven by global external agendas and epistemologies based on i University of Pretoria etd – Jones, J L (2006) Abstract misconceptions of rural land use patterns and livelihoods, while the costs of implementation are borne locally. Nature-based tourism, participatory community schemes, and pro-poor polices have been designed to facilitate economic development, but the benefits have been minimal and slow to materialize. Uneven levels of power between rural residents and external institutions, as well as within the local tribal government, have resulted in the inequitable distribution of benefits and decision-making power. Development strategy in Maputaland continues to focus on conservation, including the expansion of protected areas to form transboundary peace parks linking reserves in South Africa, Mozambique, and Swaziland. However, expanded conservation is likely to result in household resettlement, lost access to socio-cultural and natural resources, and an increased risk of conflict over land use between conservation authorities and local residents. Complicating the success of any conservation and/or development scheme in Maputaland is the massive HIV/AIDS prevalence. With more than one third of residents infected, the disease will deepen poverty, decimate local capacity and leadership, and lead to an increased risk of resource degradation and land use conflict that ultimately undermines the long-term security of both biodiversity and local livelihoods.misconceptions of rural land use patterns and livelihoods, while the costs of implementation are borne locally. Nature-based tourism, participatory community schemes, and pro-poor polices have been designed to facilitate economic development, but the benefits have been minimal and slow to materialize. Uneven levels of power between rural residents and external institutions, as well as within the local tribal government, have resulted in the inequitable distribution of benefits and decision-making power. Development strategy in Maputaland continues to focus on conservation, including the expansion of protected areas to form transboundary peace parks linking reserves in South Africa, Mozambique, and Swaziland. However, expanded conservation is likely to result in household resettlement, lost access to socio-cultural and natural resources, and an increased risk of conflict over land use between conservation authorities and local residents. Complicating the success of any conservation and/or development scheme in Maputaland is the massive HIV/AIDS prevalence. With more than one third of residents infected, the disease will deepen poverty, decimate local capacity and leadership, and lead to an increased risk of resource degradation and land use conflict that ultimately undermines the long-term security of both biodiversity and local livelihoods. ii University of Pretoria etd – Jones, J L (2006)


Today, modelling and simulation technologies are extensively used in the maritime industry. As a reaction to changing market demands and environmental challenges, maritime systems are becoming more complex and coupled. Digital approaches such as digital twins and co-simulation are coping these challenges and offer new opportunities throughout the lifecycle of a vessel. In this work, we present the digital twin modelling and the co-simulation of a typical AC ship power and propulsion system including the power stage, relevant local controllers and a high-level controller. The power and control components are modelled individually and exported as Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs). To perform a co-simulation of the ship electric power system, the Open Simulation Platform (OSP) is utilized. This co-simulation environment connects the individual FMUs and routes the data between the sub-simulators of the digital twin. A typical test scenario is carried out to demonstrate the correct functioning of the ship power and propulsion system as well as the OSP environment.


Description: This is the first such work on this region of high biodiversity in Eastern Himalaya-Mishmi Hills in northeastern India. Besides two flying squirrels of the genus Petaurista, which are new to science, a number of other significant mammal and bird records have been made. Blue-and-white Flycatcher and Gongshan Muntjac have been reported for the first time in India. The Leaf Muntjac as well as several species of galliformes were found to be widespread in and around the reserve. Small numbers of Tiger and Snow Leopard still occur in the area. At least 100 species of mammals and 312 species of birds have been listed. The area still has some fine natural habitats and perhaps several unrecorded small mammalian species, especially rodents. Poachers from Tibet (China) are a major threat in addition to normal conservation issues of habitat loss, hunting and developmental activities. Musk Deer (all species) and Black Bear are high on poachers' agenda. Extension of the reserve up to India-China border as well as towards west (Mechuka area) and east (Chaglagam area) are strongly recommended.


Reinforcement learning policies are often represented by neural networks, but programmatic policies are preferred in some cases because they are more interpretable, amenable to formal verification, or generalize better. While efficient algorithms for learning neural policies exist, learning programmatic policies is challenging. Combining imitation-projection and dataset aggregation with a local search heuristic, we present a simple and direct approach to extracting a programmatic policy from a pretrained neural policy. After examining our local search heuristic on a programming by example problem, we demonstrate our programmatic policy extraction method on a pendulum swing-up problem. Both when trained using a hand crafted expert policy and a learned neural policy, our method discovers simple and interpretable policies that perform almost as well as the original.


The article deals with asymptotic properties of diagonal Hermite–Pade's approximants of type I for the exponential system { e λ j z } k j = 0 with arbitrary real λ 0 , λ 1 , ..., λ k . The proved theorems complement the known results of P. Borwein, F. Wielonsky, and A. P. Starovoitov.


The ability to discern news sources based on their credibility and transparency is useful for users in making decisions about news consumption. In this paper, we release a dataset of 673 sources with credibility and transparency scores manually assigned. Upon acceptance we will make this dataset publicly available. Furthermore, we compared features which can be computed automatically and measured their correlation with credibility and transparency scores annotated by human experts. Our correlation analysis shows that there are indeed features which highly correlate with the manual judgments.


The invasion of GLRV reduce the chlorophyll content in laminas of vintage grape, decline the stomatal conductance, increase CO2 concentration in intercellular space, and result in the reduction of lamina photosynthesis velocity. The fluorescence chlorophyll measurement showed that the invasion of virus inhabit the photochemistry reaction of Photoreaction System II and reduce the most photochemistry reaction efficiency.


This systematic review investigated the effectiveness of manual handling training on achieving training transfer, leading to a positive change in employee's manual handling behaviour and a reduction of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) following training. Six electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials or cohort studies with a control and/or comparison group that investigated the effectiveness of manual handling training. Thirteen articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following quality assessment, nine of the included articles were found to be of high quality. This systematic review suggests that there has been very little research focusing on the effectiveness of manual handling training on training transfer to employees and the associated behavioural change. This review indicates that whilst employees report understanding and awareness following training, this does not always lead to the expected behavioural change. This review also suggests it cannot be demonstrated that training transfer will lead to a reduction of WRMSDs. Practitioner Summary: This systematic review investigated the effect of manual handling training on behavioural change and WRMSDs. Thirteen articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, the evidence suggests manual handling training is not effective at causing a change in employee's manual handling behaviour following training or at reducing WRMSDs.


At a gas–liquid interface, many complicated phenomena such as evaporation, condensation, electrokinesis, and heat and mass transfer occur. These phenomena are widely seen in various industrial and chemical systems. In chemical or biochemical reactive operations, bubble columns are used for increasing the mass transfer through the interface and for enhancing the separation of mixtures by rectification and water purification (Hong and Brauer 1989; Alvarez et al. 2000). However, the interfacial phenomena have various time and space scales (multi-scale) that are interrelated at the interface. Therefore, modeling gas– liquid interfaces over a wide range of scales spanning molecular motion to vortical fluid motion is very difficult, and this has remained one of the key unresolved issues in multiphase flow science and engineering since a long time. In particular, the mechanism for bubble coalescence/repulsion behaviour is unknown, although it is a superficially simple behaviour and fundamental phenomena in bubbly flows. In order to evaluate the interfacial interactions such as bubble coalescence and repulsion quantitatively, we need a new gas– liquid interfacial model based on the multi-scale concept which is expressed mathematically and that takes into account physical and chemical phenomena and heat and mass transfer at the interface. In the theoretical point of view, the interfacial equation for a macroscopic-scale gas–liquid interface is mainly characterized by a jump condition. The macroscopic interface is discontinuous, and its physical properties such as density, viscosity, and temperature have discontinuous values. The jump condition has been discussed in terms of the mechanical energy balance (Scriven, 1960; Delhaye, 1974) using Stokes' theorem, the Gauss divergence theorem, differential geometry and so on. In these theorems, a test volume is considered at the interface between two continuous phases. In the derivation, the surface force acting on the discontinuous interface is modeled using the Young–Laplace equation. However, in such a mechanical approach, the definition of the curvature is unclear at the interface, and the surface tension coefficient is treated as a macroscopic experimental value. The interfacial model, which is based only on the mechanical energy balance, cannot take into account detailed physical and chemical phenomena occurring at the interface. In particular, the contamination at the interface, which is related to electric charges, is important for an


Eleven freshwater fishes were kept in a flow-through aquarium system (FAS) and in a closed aquarium system (CAS) after intraperitoneal injection of p, p'-DDT (DDT). Concentrations of DDT, p, p'-DDE (DDE), p, p'-DDD and p, p'-DDT-OH in the whole body and in the CAS were determined.Japanese barbel, Japanese dace and char rapidly converted DDT into DDE only, and the ΣDDT in the whole CAS (consisted of fish, aquarium and rearing water) were nearly equal to the original DDT, suggesting only one initial metabolic pathway (IMP) changing rapidly the DDT into DDE. In crucian carp, loach, Japanese sculpin, floating goby and catfish, slight increase of only DDE were observed, and the ΣDDT in their whole CAS almost corresponded to the DDT injected, suggesting only one IMP converting slowly from DDT to DDE. The DDT in grass carp was immediately cleared and only DDE increased without delay, and the ΣDDT in the whole CAS was about 50% of the original DDT. In bluegill, only DDE gradually increased with clearance of DDT, and the ΣDDT in the whole CAS was about 85% of the original DDT. These results suggested that grass carp had IMP converting quickly from DDT to DDE and other metabolites undetermined and that bluegill had a similar pathway, but it was slower. Japanese eel might not have clear IMP, considering the fact that no metabolite was detected and the DDT injected remained completely in the whole CAS.


In order to address this topic one must examine both land management and water management. Wetlands are those special places where both of these challenges must be met and resolved. Sometimes conflicts have to be dealt with due to pressure from one management interest, or the other.The degree of conflict among parties interested in a wetland site has been found to vary from highly active to passive. Some of the reasons for conflict are institutional and other reasons are perceptional. It is helpful to look at these causative factors to understand past conflicts and to direct future efforts to minimizing the causes detrimental to conservation.This paper will deal with selected examples, drawn from the Ducks Unlimited experience in Canada. It will describe the issues, conflicts and solutions which arise in wetland management. The examples will demonstrate that successful multiple-benefits can be achieved which meet Ducks Unlimited's prime objective while also providing for others. The subjects of waterfowl ...


Equine multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (hrs-MSC) can be isolated from various tissues including Adipose Tissue (AT) and Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB). We have analyzed the effect of different oxygen tension on hrs-AT-MSC and hrs-UCB-MSC cultured and assessed proliferation, morphology, viability and immunophenotype and plasticity. Both type of equine MSC were cultured separately in normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (5% O2) environment


AMONG the hepaticae recently collected by Professor John Macoun in the Yukon Territory are several fruiting specimens of Odontoschisma Macounii, a species confined to the higher latitudes and hitherto known in sterile condition only. The species has had a rather varied history. It was first described by Austin,' in i872, as Sphagnoecetis Macounii, the original specimens having been collected in the Lake Superior region of Ontario in i869. A portion of this original material has been kindly furnished me by Professor Macoun, but unfortunately it does not appear to be altogether homogeneous. Some of the specimens are gemmiparous and are pale green in color, while others are without gemmae and are more or less tinged with yellow or brown. It is evident that Austin's description is drawn almost entirely from the pale specimens, which may therefore be regarded as the type of the species. It is very probable also that the darker specimens are not specifically distinct from the others, and that their coloration is due simply to exposure to the sun. Nevertheless, on account of their incomplete character, this question can hardly be settled definitely at present. 0. Macounii is either mentioned or briefly described by Underwood,2 by Pearson,3 and by


Life-cycle inventory (LCI) data are needed to scientifically document the environmental performance of materials for applications as governed by the many new green building standards, purchasing guidelines, and energy and climate change policy issues. This study develops the LCI data for particleboard, a composite wood panel product comprised of wood particles, urea-formaldehyde resin, wax, and other additives. Data are given for both gate-to-gate (particleboard manufacture) and cradle-to-gate (from the product upstream to in-ground resources) that, in addition to gate-to-gate impacts, include those to produce and deliver input fuels, electricity, water, wood residue, resin, wax, catalyst, and scavenger. LCI output data are given per 1.0 m 3 of particleboard in terms of raw materials use and emissions to air, water, and land. Data are also presented on embodied energy, carbon flux, store, and footprint. Particleboard has favorable characteristics in terms of energy use and carbon store. Of significance for the LCI of particleboard is the large component of embodied energy because of the use of wood fuel, a renewable resource, and its small carbon footprint, which lessens its impact on climate change.


During the preparation of 316L stainless steel feed stock, binders are often added to increase the stre ng h of the green part. The binders need to be removed p rior to densification of the stainless steel compon ents. In this paper, a thermal debinding has been set up and c rried out under nitrogen atmosphere by subjectin g he feedstocks to heating cycles. The 5 μm 316L stainle ss steel feedstocks, by increasing powder volume loadings from 60 to 64 %, are studied and compared to each others. The feedstocks are heated up to 500 °C in a thermo gravimetric analyser at different heati ng rates varying from 2 to 10°C/min. The weight bin der loss is recorded with respect to temperature. A kin etic model assuming a first order reaction rate is used to set up the present experimental results.


This paper seeks to highlight a design feature of monetary systems that was prevalent from medieval times until the 20th century, but has since fallen into abeyance. The lost piece of functionality in modern monetary systems is a mechanism for stabilizing the value of assets that form the main counterpart of money, without giving rise to perverse incentive effects. Understanding how this mechanism works is confused by the many guises taken by money and its credit counterparts around the world, and the radical changes in their form over the centuries. This paper seeks to illustrate the stabilization mechanism by presenting an analytical history of sterling's currency and credit markets from the 12th C to the present day. For the purposes of this study, the methods used to stabilize the value of banking assets are examined with reference to four types of banking institution: the Royal Mint, the Bank of England, clearing banks and building societies. The stability of these four is then contrasted with the predicament of the retail and shadow banks of the post-1980 era. The paper concludes that policymakers should pay more attention to stabilizing the value of bank collateral.


Hasenbusch's [40] Method of implementing the Real Space RG by calculating the full partition sum for the Ising Model on a 4× 4 lattice was extended to include magnetic interactions and be applicable on triangular lattices as well as for the more general Q-State Potts Model. Hasenbusch's remarkable result, that tiny lattices contain information about larger ones which can only be accessed via the RG holds up robustly. For higher Q Potts Models, multiple magnetic exponents are found whose origins are not entirely clear. Likewise (and given certain features of the method unsurprisingly), this procedure fails to capture the transition becoming discontinuous (first order) for Q > 4.


Matisoff, J.A. 1978. Variational Semantics in Tibeto-Burman. Philadelphia PA: Institute for the Study of Human Issues. Meeussen, A.E. 1975. Possible linguistic Africanisms. Fifth Hans Wolff memorial lecture. Language Sciences 35: 1–5. Rey, A. (dir.). 1992. Dictionnaire historique de la langue française. Paris: Le Robert. Riemer, N. 2005. The Semantics of Polysemy: Reading Meaning in English and Warlpiri. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Sakhno, S. 2001. Dictionnaire russe-français d'étymologie comparée. Paris: L'Harmattan. Sweetser, E. 1990. From Etymology to Pragmatics. Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: CUP. Viberg, Å. 1984. The verbs of perception: A typological study. In Explanations for Language Universals, B. Butterworth, B. Comrie & Ö. Dahl (Eds), 123–162. Berlin: Mouton. Wierzbicka, A. 1996. Semantics, Primes and Universals. Oxford: OUP. Wilkins, D.P. 1981. Towards a theory of semantic change. Honors thesis, Canberra: Australian National University. Wilkins, D.P. 1996. Natural tendencies of semantic change and the search for cognates. In The Comparative Method Reviewed, M. Durie & M. Ross (Eds), 224–304. Oxford: OUP. Cats and bugs


We experimentally investigate second-harmonic transverse voltage response to ac electrical current for a magnetic nodal-line semimetal Fe3GeTe2 (FGT). For zero magnetic field, the observed second-harmonic voltage behaves as a square of the longitudinal current, as it should be expected for nonlinear Hall effect. The magnetic field behavior is found to be sophisticated: while the first-harmonic response shows the known anomalous Hall hysteresis in FGT, the second-harmonic Hall voltage is characterized by the pronounced high-field hysteresis and flat (B-independent) region with curves touching at low fields. The high-field hysteresis strongly depends on the magnetic field sweep rate, so it reflects some slow relaxation process. For the lowest rates, it is also accomplished by multiple crossing points. Similar shape of the second-harmonic hysteresis is known for skyrmion spin textures in nonlinear optics. Since skyrmions have been demonstrated for FGT by direct visualization techniques, we can connect the observed high-field relaxation with deformation of the skyrmion lattice. Thus, the second-harmonic Hall voltage response can be regarded as a tool to detect spin textures in transport experiments.