We report on the results of an optical spectroscopic survey designed to confirm the youth and determine the spectral types among a sample of young stellar object (YSO) candidates in the Serpens molecular cloud. We observed 150 infrared (IR) excess objects previously discovered by the Spitzer Legacy Program "From Molecular Cores to Planet-Forming Disks" (c2d), bright enough for subsequent Spitzer/InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) spectroscopy. We obtained 78 optical spectra of sufficient signal-to-noise for analysis. Extinctions, effective temperatures, and luminosities are estimated for this sample, and used to construct Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagrams for the population. We identified 20 background giants contaminating the sample, based on their relatively high extinction, position in the H-R diagram, the lack of Hα emission and relatively low IR excess. Such strong background contamination (25%) is consistent with the location of Serpens being close to the Galactic plane (5° Galactic latitude). The remaining 58 stars (75%) were all confirmed to be young, mostly K- and M-type stars that are presumed to belong to the cloud. Individual ages and masses for the YSOs are inferred based on theoretical evolutionary models. The models indicate a spread in stellar ages from 1 Myr to 15 Myr, peaking at 2–6 Myr, and a mass distribution of 0.2–1.2 M☉ with median value around 0.8 M☉. Strong Hα emission lines (EW[Hα] > 3 Å) have been detected in more than half of the sample (35 stars). The mass accretion rates as derived from the Hα line widths span a broad distribution over four orders of magnitude with median accretion rate of 10−8 M☉ yr−1. Our analysis shows that the majority of the IR excess objects detected in Serpens are actively accreting, young T-Tauri stars.


The German Embryo Protection Act was passed in 1990 and has never been changed since, other than minor changes in 2011 regarding PGD.
 Germany is a country with 83 million inhabitants, where more than 6 million people of reproductive age are facing infertility or difficulties conceiving and delivering a healthy child. Germany also has the oldest and arguably most restrictive law regulating reproductive medicine, especially IVF. By passing a law with such an imposing title and starting the act with a list of prohibitions, 31 years ago German legislators made their intentions very clear: to protect the embryo rather than to help infertile people to become parents using assisted reproductive technology.
 Since reproductive medicine has developed tremendously in the last 30 years and since the number of people in need of medical assistance to have a child is constantly growing,Germany now is not only far behind other European countries with its legislation but also seems to be against its patients and citizens in need of the assistance of modern medicine to have children.
 How can we change an inappropriate and archaic law? How can we create a modern law which suits patients' needs without compromising ethics?
 How can reproductive medicine in Germany come back on track again and serve the people by evidence based medicine in the first place?I


Two approaches to the design of time-varying cascaded filters used in radar clutter rejection are presented. In the first approach, by fitting the cascaded filter to the noncascaded filter, the time-varying cascaded filter can be designed, which makes it possible that the time-varying cascaded filter behaves just like an optimum clutter filter. The second approach can be used to design the second-stage filter in a time-varying cascaded one by setting zeros in its equivalent overall frequency response. It has been shown that it is difficult to express the frequency response of the second-stage filter in the time-varying cascaded one, however, it is convenient to be involved in the overall response.


The supergiant Tengiz oil field of the Pricaspian Basin is a steep-sided isolated carbonate platform deposited during the Devonian through Carboniferous. Microbial-dominated and wellcemented boundstone slopes form one of the dominant reservoir facies, primarily due to localized fracturing in the upper to middle slope. This latest-Visean to Serpukhovian slope interval is characterized by up to 600 m of in situ microbial boundstone, massive boundstone breccia and mixed breccia and allochthonous platformand slope-derived grainy carbonates. Based on the sedimentary features identified in core and thin sections the Tengiz microbial boundstone is of three different types: A = peloidal-micritic (massive) boundstone; B = laminarcemented (accretionary) boundstone; C = skeletal-micritic boundstone (Collins et al. 2006). Boundstone types A and B occur on the upper slope whereas type C is restricted to the deeper outer platform (see also Della Porta et al., 2003; Kenter et al., 2005). Apart from basic morphological descriptions in core and thin sections and habitat on the slope profile, however, key questions such as fossil evidence of microbial activity and products, and if present their texture, mineralogy, isotopic composition are not well understood.


: To achieve stable economic and social development under the current resource constraints, China must reduce resource consumption and increase resource use efficiency. As the core of a circular economy, resource recycling is closely related to the construction of ecological civilization. Exploring the coupling relationship between resource recycling and ecological civilization construction is of great significance for environmental governance in the resource life cycle and for green development. Based on the material flow analysis method and green development index, this study constructed an evaluation index system of the two systems, then used a coupling and coordination model to analyze the integration of the two systems in China from 2007 to 2017. The results show that: (1) The comprehensive development evaluation index of resource recycling first decreased and then increased during the study period, and the comprehensive development evaluation index of ecological civilization construction showed an upward trend; (2) The coupling and coordination and optimization of the two systems are not obvious, and the main influencing factors are resource input, waste production, and the low-level resource recycling. It is necessary to improve the relevant legal systems in the whole life cycle of resources from the level of controlling resource input and waste discharge, strengthen the conservation and intensive use of resources, regulate the flow of resources in the production system and the living system. Taking measures for coordinating the two systems and strengthen their coupling relationship.


Abstract A change in chip shape has been observed as a function of age hardening and cutting speed during high speed milling of the aluminium alloy 7075. In order to study this effect systematically, the aluminium alloy was heat treated to produce different precipitation states and machined under carefully controlled conditions at cutting speeds between 1000 and 7000 m min-1. The underaged state shows local shearing producing segmented chips. The degree of segmentation increases with cutting speed. In contrast, the overaged state shows continuous chips up to the highest cutting speeds. The chips obtained with the peak aged state show a fluctuation between segmented and continuous parts. These results can be understood in terms of the differing work softening/hardening behaviour of the under- and overaged states owing to the specific interactions between dislocations and precipitates during chip formation.


In the last several years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are faced with big problems in the stability issues, which also occur in the Interface modification materials. Herein, CsPbBr1.5I1.5 quantum dots (QDs) encapsulated in ZrO2 sol is introduced to improve device stability to some extent. The encapsulated QDs can improve the morphology of the perovskite layer and effectively passivate the perovskite film. The device fabricated by CsPbBr1.5I1.5 QDs encapsulated achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.23%, corresponding to 18.86% for the unmodified control devices. The performance of the device based on CsPbBr1.5I1.5/ZrO2 nanocomposites modified remains 81.8% of initial PCE after 500 h.


The echo-integration (EI) method is the primary method for fisheries resource surveys by acoustics. Application of EI results to estimation of individual school abundance and/or to school descriptor for species identification, however, has not been well developed. This paper first considers, based on the basic theory of the EI method, the raw volume backscattering strength of an individual school and the school section scattering strength which are observed by the vertical beam of an echo sounder. Next, approximation methods to estimate the total school scattering strength of an individual school are proposed. The methods are verified by exact computer simulation of school echoes. The methods are also applied to actual echo data obtained by a quantitative echo sounder to confirm applicability. The section scattering strength is appropriate as an index of school abundance, but the school scattering strength, especially the strength combined echo sounder data with sonar 3D distribution data, is most appropriate for the abundance index of an individual school.


This paper compares two control strategies of a fuel cell (FC)-battery powered hybrid system integrating two dc/dc converters for the Metro-Centro tramway (400 kW) from Seville, Spain. Besides, modeling of each component is briefly presented. These models have been implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. A Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) FC is used in this work. The FC model characteristics are selected from a Nuvera 127 kW PEM FC. Two PEM FCs connected in parallel operate as primary energy source and a group of Ni-MH battery supplements the output of the FC during tramway acceleration or whenever else needed and provides regenerative braking energy recapture capability. Finally, the simulation results of both control configurations (Cascade and States Control Strategies) are presented for the real driving cycle of the tramway. The results demonstrate the hybrid system capability to meet appropriate driving cycle in both cases.


To study whether agrin, a synaptic regulated protein in neurological synapse, is expressed in immuno-cytes and affects the proliferation of lymphocyte. RT-PCR, immunofluorescence histochemistry and FACS were used to analyze the expression of agrin in some immune organs and primary immunocytes. Then real time RT-PCR and 3H-TdR incorporation assay were performed to evaluate the relationship between the expression of agrin and statue of lymphocyte activation. Constructed antisense plasmids were used to explore function of agrin in the proliferation of lymphocyte activation. Our experimental results demonstrated that agrin were constitutively expressed in various immune organs such as spleen, thymus and lymphonode, immunocytes including CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B220+ B cells, imDC, mDC, and MΦ. There was significant relationship between the expression of agrin and activation of lymphocytes. The proliferation of lymphocytes can be inhibited after the agrin expression being down regulated. These results suggest that constitutively expressed agrin in immunocytes participates in the proliferation of lymphocytes.


THE PRESENT STUDY deals with the relation of two connotative aspects of the significates of words | as they affect the reading and spelling difficulty of those words. These connotative aspects are the e motional tone and the emotional intensity of the i words. I Regarding the relation of emotional tone to the | learning difficulty of words, considerable conflicting evidence exists. By and large, where free selection of the words is a function of the learner or user, positive words seem to be more often used and more often correctly used than negative words. Hunt (7) and Davis (1) both indicated a prepotence of positive words which are used earlier and more often by children. Ulrich (12) and Travis (11) separately found that misspellings by neurotic children tended ! to be a function of negative words. Studies of mem ory and emotional tone reviewed by Meltzer (8) in| dicated a prepotence of positive memories. I Conversely, in situations where c h i 1 d r en were required to learn words as a spelling problem, Frandsen (2) found little r el ationship between the spelling difficulty of the word and whether the child liked or disliked it. Similarly, Smith (10) found no I difference between hostile and non-hostile subjects. | These studies suggest that connotative aspects may I not be as important when the child is required to learn the word as they are when the child is given a free expression situation. Emotional intensity as it relates to learning dif ficulty is similarly a complex. On the surface it would appear that those stimuli having the greatest impact would tend to be retained more often and therefore should be easier to learn. However, as | Zipf (13) points out, as the frequency of occurrence of a word increases, the intensity tends to diminish. At the same time, as frequency increases, word length diminishes. Both frequency and word length ? are related to the learning difficulty of spelling and reading words. Goodstein (4) worked with the single dimension of degree of positiveness which may be interpreted as relating to the positive intensity of the stimulus. He determined recognition threshold i for a range of positive stimuli and found the correj lation to be . 53. However, when frequency of ocl currence was partialed out, that correlation coeffi cient was reduced to .18, which would support Zipf's notion that intensity is related to frequency of occurrence.


Extant literature suggests that microcredit may improve borrowers' social and economic welfare. This study aimed to investigate the microcredit accessibility of rural households in Indonesia. Binary Logistic regression was used to distinguish the characteristics of microcredit borrowers and non-borrowers, and the factors affecting the approval of microcredit application. Primary data was collected through a survey on 488 rural households in Bantul, Yogyakarta. The empirical results suggested that age, marital status and education attainment significantly affect the characteristics of clients and non-clients of microcredit. The results also revealed that age of borrowers, household income, interest rates, and loan duration are key determinants affecting microcredit accessibility. The implications of the findings were provided.


Optical hyperspectral imaging based on absorption and scattering of photons at the visible and adjacent frequencies denotes one of the most informative and inclusive characterization methods in material research. Unfortunately, restricted by the diffraction limit of light, it is unable to resolve the nanoscale inhomogeneity in light-matter interactions, which is diagnostic of the local modulation in material structure and properties. Moreover, many nanomaterials have highly anisotropic optical properties that are outstandingly appealing yet hard to characterize through conventional optical methods. Therefore, there has been a pressing demand in the diverse fields including electronics, photonics, physics, and materials science to extend the optical hyperspectral imaging into the nanometer length scale. In this work, we report a super-resolution hyperspectral imaging technique that simultaneously measures optical absorption and scattering spectra with the illumination from a tungsten-halogen lamp. We demonstrated sub-5 nm spatial resolution in both visible and near-infrared wavelengths (415 to 980 nm) for the hyperspectral imaging of strained single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and reconstructed true-color images to reveal the longitudinal and transverse optical transition-induced light absorption and scattering in the SWNTs. This is the first time transverse optical absorption in SWNTs were clearly observed experimentally. The new technique provides rich near-field spectroscopic information that had made it possible to analyze the spatial modulation of band-structure along a single SWNT induced through strain engineering.


On July 1, 1990 a law requiring wearing of an approved safety helmet by all bicyclists (unless exempted) came into effect in Victoria, Australia. Some of the more important steps which paved the way for this important initiative (believed to be the first statewide legislation of its type in the world) are described and its effects are analyzed. There was an immediate large increase in helmet wearing rates, although teenagers continued to show lower rates than younger children and adults. Considerable reductions in the number of bicyclists killed or admitted to hospital after sustaining head injuries were found in the first year of the law. Analysis of the injury data also showed smaller reductions in the number of bicyclists killed or admitted to hospital who did not sustain head injuries. Limited surveys indicated a considerable reduction in bicycle use by children since introduction of the law.


Abstract : A comprehensive computer code (FULLNOZ) has been developed to perform detailed calculations of rocket nozzle flows downstream of the sonic line. The code uses the streamtube method to integrate the hyperbolic governing equations of steady supersonic flow. The program represents a significant advance in nozzle flow predictions through the coupling of gas/particle nonequilibrium effects, nonequilibrium chemistry, turbulent boundary layers (to determine the effects of wall heat transfer and shear stress) and turbulent mixing across streamtubes. This report describes the analytical and numerical techniques employed by the code, presents results of a sample calculation for the Minuteman Stage 2 nozzle and gives complete instructions on the preparation of input data and a full FORTRAN listing.


The reaction of CF3-propargyl alcohols [ArC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CCH(OH)CF3] with arenes under the action of acidic HUSY zeolite CBV-720 was investigated. It was found that the reaction at 100 °C for 1 h gave rise to 3-aryl-1-CF3-indenes in up to 83% yield. Electronic characteristics of the reaction key intermediates, mesomeric CF3-propargyl-allenyl cations [ArC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-HC+(CF3) ↔ ArC+[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH(CF3)], were studied by DFT calculations. A plausible cationic reaction mechanism is discussed.


This study discusses the level of constraint factors in school environment in the implementation of the teaching of Physical Education in primary schools. To determine the level of factors, this study employed survey method on 310 respondents who teach Physical Education for Year 6 pupils in Perak, Malaysia. The collected data has been analysed by utilising descriptive statistics developed with SPSS version 13.0. Based on the findings, generally all statements showed high mean values of between 4.17 and 4.55. The statement that implied unsafe field conditions showed the highest mean value of M=4.55, SD=0.886. While, the statement that implied unpredictable weather condition during Physical Education showed the lowest mean value of M=4.17, SD=1.109. As implication, the teaching and learning of Physical Education cannot be implemented effectively. Conclusively, the constraint factors in school environment have direct relationship with the field condition, Physical Education equipments, funding and administration system.


It has been shown that N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in the development of complex human diseases, especially in the development of cancer. Our research investigated the role and mechanism of the m6A modification of lncRNA KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) progression. Microarray analysis was used to quantitatively detect the m6A apparent transcriptional modification level of lncRNA in LSCC tissue. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation‐qPCR (MeRIP‐qPCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were used to examine the m6A modification and expression of KCNQ1OT1. In addition, in vivo and in vitro experiments have tested the effects of KCNQ1OT1 knockdown on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of LSCC. Mechanically, we found the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase ALKBH5 mediates KCNQ1OT1 expression via an m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent manner and KCNQ1OT1 could directly bind to HOXA9 to further regulate the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of LSCC cells. In general, our research indicates that ALKBH5‐mediated m6A modification of KCNQ1OT1 triggers the development of LSCC via upregulation of HOXA9.


The wing rock phenomenon is a self-excited roll motion occurring on the aircraft at high angles of attack (AoAs), which negatively impact safety and maneuverability. The limit cycle oscillation is a typical characteristic of this self-excited roll motion. A controller employing a model-free training approach is constructed on the basis of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to address this severe nonlinear control problem. For an 80° swept delta wing model, the analytical model describing the nonlinear behavior of wing rock is presented and implemented in the simulation environment. The DRL-based controller is trained with the proximal policy optimization algorithm. A reward function is carefully designed for training to achieve excellent convergence stability. Various simulations were conducted at a series of unlearned initial conditions (roll angles, AoAs) to demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization capability of the proposed method and verify and evaluate the performance of the trained DRL controller. Finally, the scenario that undergoes disturbance is added to confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed DRL-based controller. Results show that the DRL-based controller could effectively regulate the oscillation and retain the capability to suppress the un-wanted behavior with favorable generalization capability and robustness. Therefore, delta wing rocking motion suppression based on DRL has powerful intelligent control performance and provides a new idea for predicting the evolution of aerodynamics in rocking motion suppression.


The authors have withdrawn their manuscript because the reported synergy of TOP2A inhibitors plus MLN4924 proved to be untrue (not reproducible). Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author (email@example.com).


The nutrient saline components,phosphorus and nitrogen,in Dongting lake are comprehensively investigated and analyzed.Results show:① the total inflow of nitrogen and that of phosphorus in the lake are 754 940 and 60 178 t/a respectively,in which the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus inflowing from rivers and coming from domestic pollutants is the maximum,and accounts for 95 percent of their total;② the total phosphorus and that of nitrogen detained in the lake every year are 7 780 and 107 003 t/a.The detention coefficient for total phosphorus and total nitrogen are 12.93% and 14.17% respectively;③ domestic pollutants are the majority of nutrient saline import of the lake and account for 57.55% of the total phosphorus inflow and 41.37% of the total nitrogen inflow,the contribution of phosphorus coming from the use of washing powder is also significant,therefore,the prevention of eutrophication of water in Dongting lake should focus attention on solving the problem of domestic pollutants and on prohibiting or restricting the use of washing powder.


Crystal structure of magnesium polyborid is studied by electron microscopy. (AIP)Crystal structure of magnesium polyborid is studied by electron microscopy. (AIP)


Vietnam is particularly vulnerable to climate change, as indicated in the latest IPCC report.It is therefore particularly important to both understand and ensure the effectiveness of mechanisms for responding to climate change in Vietnam. This paper reports on an ongoing study examining provincial scale action plans in Vietnam. Content analysis of the climate action plans of 38 provinces and cities formulated in 2011, 2012 and in 2013 revealed that 30 over 38 provinces purposely set out the objectives of "improve and strengthen capacity" and "increase the awareness and responsibility", although the budget allocated for "soft components" such as capacity building and process change was typically less than 5% of the total requested. Vulnerability assessment also featured, as did disaster responsiveness. 2011 plans requested a much lower annual budget than those formulated in 2012 (403bn VND) and 2013 (5,729bn VND). Further research is proposed to investigate the making process to inform the potential effectiveness of plans andthe development of principles for policy making that may assist in effective plan making which could ultimately strengthen local climate resilience.


In analogy with the maximal tensor product of C-algebras, we deene the \maximal" tensor product E 1 E 2 of two operator spaces E 1 and E 2 and we show that it can be identiied completely isometrically with the sum of the two Haagerup tensor We also study the extension to more than two factors.


This paper analyzes the indicator system of evaluating the utilization performance of library's electronic resources, and by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and taking the library of Xinyang Normal University in Henan Province as the example, makes the quantitative analysis on the utilization performance of library's electronic resources.


When a patient's name is spoken by a familiar voice even some patients in a persistent vegetative state produce a cerebral response, detectable by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Researchers describe seven cases of persistent vegetative state and four cases A poor, 6 year old girl presented with recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel habit, anorexia, and weight loss. She had been in close contact with people with tuberculosis. She was anaemic and failing to thrive, and her abdomen was distended, with a vague mass in her umbilical region. An ultrasound scan showed dilated bowel loops. Despite investigations proving negative, we presumed a diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis, and, in keeping with local custom, we started treatment. But she failed to improve, and a barium follow-through examination showed a typical whirlpool pattern of an intraluminal worm bolus, which didn't respond to conservative management. She needed a laparotomy to move the bolus from the ileum into the colon. The next day she passed numerous roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) and recovered well.


Introduction: The rise in the number of users and video traffic amount in modern telecommunication networks leads to the idea that the networks already available should be adapted to video transmission. The greatest amount of video traffic is transmitted using «Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH)» technology which is based on HTTP protocol. Purpose: Our goal is a survey of HTTP video transmission technologies and Quality-of-Experience estimations in order to choose a methodology of estimating Quality of Experience depending on the limited amount of the available objective characteristics. Results: On the base of a survey of HTTP-based video transmission technologies, we have proposed a three-component model which includes the models of a video content server, a network, and the user equipment. The survey has shown that DASH technology leads to a slight increase in the load on the network as compared to other video streaming technologies. However, the technology is invariant to the network structure due to the usage of HTTP and TCP protocols. DASH technology provides less severe network congestions because the video content is stored on the server in several sets of quality. This approach allows the user equipment to select a certain video quality for particular network conditions. Practical relevance: The obtained results provide a way for a software engineer to make decisions about the appropriateness of using DASH for specific network requirements, and for a network-engineer to estimate video user experience at intermediate network nodes. On the base of this estimation, you can organize control in order to improve the network performance.


Seeing that agents of various health and life insurances knock at our doors, or automatically saved voices speak on our answering machines choosing us for the "special private pension offer," we hardly disagree – we need to think about our retirement funds. A state-related labour agency thinks along the same lines, sending each young, perhaps first-time, employee a proposal of its pension if she or he keeps on working in the way she or he currently works (at least that happens in "good old Germany"). Longevity is a part of the story which happens to humankind. Francis FUKUYAMA, in addition to the problems of social security, the tripling of the elderly population and the increase of public expenditures, predicts the emergence of two strange power parties in the world of multiple generations. One is the power of old women, and the other is the young "super-angry" men, who are progressively taking over the voters' community and destabilizing natural political experience–power hierarchies. He writes: "The natural tendency of one generation to get out of the way of the up-and-coming one will be replaced by the simulta-


This paper reports a method for the determination of doping concentration profile in single and multi δ-doped GaAs layers on bevelled samples. The method is based on the recording and evaluation of micro-photoluminescence spectra along the bevelled structure. The values for the doping concentration profiles are in good agreement with those obtained by C–V, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy.


Pulses program NARC has developed and disseminated lentil variety Markaz-09 which is the highest yielding variety in the country but diffusion and adoption status of the variety is yet unknown. The present study was undertaken among 70 lentil farmers from pulses farming districts Attock, Chakwal, Jehlum and Rawalpindi in 2013. The aim of the study was to find out the diffusion and adoption status, as well as to study constraints in adoption of the variety. The adoption behavior was studied by using the probit analysis technique. The analysis revealed that among 70 respondents only 44 percent respondents were adopters of the variety which indicated that adoption status of the variety was at initial stage with slow adoption rate. According to probit analysis estimates the determinants of adoption were yield of Markaz-09, access to extension services and distance from input shop while in case of factors contributing towards non-adoption of the variety were experience of the respondents, education, total operational holding, area under wheat, access to credit and extent of weeds for Markaz-09variety of lentil in the study area.


A video coding system for coding a video sequence including a sequence of video frames, comprises an array of each frame pixel value interpolation filter for reconstructing the pixel values in the decoding process video coding system but which is defined. System, by coding coefficients of the interpolation filter with a difference compared with the predetermined base filter, providing a set of difference values. Base filter coefficients are known to both encoder and decoder, in order to be able to close statistically reasonable for the actual filters used the base filter coefficients in a video sequence, decoder it can be reconstructed pixel values based on the set of difference values.


Metal hydrides (MHs) are expected to have various applications, and vigorous research and development for its applications has been going on in many fields, because mutual conversion of energies can be effected by reversible reaction of MH-hydrogen. As one of such applications a compressor using MHs has been developed. We developed a closed hydrogen liquefying system that employs a compressor using three types of MHs, and could confirm for the first time that it reached a minimum temperature of 16.5 K. In a continuous operation, a temperature below 20.4 K was maintained. This paper discusses the results of these tests in detail and the characteristics of the high-pressure MHs that were newly developed for the purpose of improving refrigerating capacity.


As a response to urban decline and deterioration in cities, especially over the past 50 years, government policies and programs have been developed to confront this problem. This event has occurred not only in developed countries but also developing countries such as Iran. Urban decline has been studied in different dimensions: physical, economical, environmental and social. Also studies have focused on defining urban blight indicators. Review of literature also shows that studies have focused on defining causes of urban blight and solutions to urban blight. This research takes the first step which is a spatial analysis of urban blight, to define urban physical blight in Tehran city. Geographic Information System was used to define Tehran physical blight. Three criteria: High percentage of non-durable buildings in a block, high percentage of small houses (less than 100 square meter land area) and high percentage of alleys with less than 6 meters width were used to define obsolete fabric. The results of analysis show that Tehran's city physical growth follows Burgess Model or Concentric Zone Model. It means that city has expanded from a core (from inner zone) toward the edges (outer zone). Also, the result of study shows that obsolete fabrics are located in the core of Tehran city wherethe origin of the city, which is the oldest fabric is located. Tehran's Old bazaar is also located in the core. Around the core zone, a transitional zone is developed where the old residential units are converted into bazaar's warehouses.


Congenital posterior urethral valves are a common cause of severe lower urinary tract obstruction in young males (4, 6). Some authors have stated that urethral valves occur exclusively in males (2, 6), but others have indicated that the lesions may rarely be encountered in females (3–5, 7). The following case report illustrates the clinical and radiographic findings in a female infant with a surgically verified obstructing urethral valve. Case Report A 9–1/2-month-old girl was hospitalized because of fever and vomiting of three weeks duration and pyuria. She appeared chronically ill. Questionable masses were palpable in both flanks. The blood urea nitrogen was 150 mg per 100 cc, and the hemoglobin 7.3 g per 100 cc. The urethra could be catheterized with ease. A cystogram showed bladder hypertrophy and ureteral reflux. The urethra was not visualized. Catheter drainage and antibiotic and supportive therapy were instituted. An excretory urogram one week after admission demonstrated massive bilateral hydronep...


Geophysical survey using electrical resistivity methods has been carried out within the industrial area of Willeton, Perth, Western Australia with the view to delineate the geoelectric characteristics of the basement complex and evaluate the groundwater potential in the area. Vertical electrical sounding with ABEM SAS 3000 Terrameter and Schlumberger electrode configuration were employed for data acquisition. Apparent resistivity values obtained from the field measurements were plotted against half current electrodes spacing on a log-log graph while a model was suggested to fit the resistivity distribution presented in the sounding. The results from the modelling were finally iterated to the lowest Root Mean Square (RMS) percentage error using computer software, ―A 7 point filter‖ derived by Guptasarma to calculate a forward model. Analysis of the results showed that the study area has fairly homogenous subsurface stratification with four distinct subsurface layers above the depth of 37m. The four subsurface layers comprises: top soil mainly of unconsolidated and sand containing organic matter, unsaturated sand layer with consolidated and highly resistive, water saturated sand layer with highly water saturated soil, and the sub-stratum layer consisting of clay material. The aquifer performance is best at about 32m hence it is suggested that boreholes for sustainable water supply in this area should be drilled to about 32 m to hit prolific aquifer.


The main technical points and construction quality control of the high-pressure rotary-shot cut-off wall in earth dam rein forcement works of Xibian Reservoir near.


This paper presents an extended study of the spectrum occupancy in the UHF frequency band (470-870MHz) in Spain and in Italy. The objective of the study is to establish by signal power measuring if cognitive devices are able to detect and distinguish in a Hidden Node scenario between empty and occupied TV channels. The study has been performed, for each of these two countries, at three different sites and at different heights over the ground for assessing the hidden node margin. The measurements in Spain were carried out in urban, suburban and rural environments close to the city of Bilbao while the measurements in Italy were carried out in Sardinia, in different urban areas of the city of Cagliari, surrounding suburban spots and a rural location 50 km west. The measurement methodology was the same in both scenarios. The results from the spectrum measurements performed in the various scenarios have been analyzed and conclusions have been drawn.


The dramatic evolution of river-lake interactions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has led to a corresponding change of water level in the Dongting Lake,which also resulted in the significantly ecological and environmental effects.In order to reveal the internal relationships and characteristics between the water level change and water quality change of the Dongting Lake,the effects of water level changes on the water quality in the Dongting Lake were analyzed from the intra-(seasonal) and inter-annual scales based on the monitoring data of water level and water quality at the typical hydrological stations in the Dongting Lake from 1995 to 2010.The results showed that:(1) The water levels at the typical hydrological stations have a decreasing trend;(2) In terms of the inter-annual variation,the contents of TN and permanganate index increase with the decreasing of water level;and(3) in terms of the annual(seasonal) variation,the concentration of TN is higher in the dry season than that in the normal season,which is higher than that in the wet season,whereas the concentration of TP has an opposite trend,which means that the TP concentration increases with the increasing of water level.On the whole,the change of water quality in the Dongting Lake has a strong relationship with the variation of water level.


"I am flattered to learn that one of my papers is a 'most cited article,' and I have been wondering why this should be. I suspect the reason is that, although the paper is primarily concerned with the structure of muscle, and therefore (at the time it was published anyway) of interest to a somewhat restricted audience, it does contain descriptions of a number of techniques which have had more widespread applications since then. "One of these is a method for examining the filament-forming properties of the protein myosin. If the ionic strength of a solution of myosin in potassium chloride is lowered by dilution or dialysis from 0.6 to 0 1 M, or less, a precipitate or an opalescence forms, as was well-known at the time. If the precipitate is examined (at high dilution) in the electron-microscope by the negative staining technique, it can be seen very clearly and easily to consist of tilaments somewhat similar to those in muscle and often showing a very characteristic bipolar appearance in the arrangement of the projections on them. This appearance arises because the myosin molecules have a 'head and tail' structure and because they associate so that the tails form the backbone of the filament and the heads project sideways; the molecules are inserted with opposite polarity in either end of the filament. Thus there are projections on the lateral regions and a bare zone in the centre. "The method is very simple and the appearance very characteristic, so that in fact it constitutes a good simple test for myosin or myosin-like molecules. With the great expansion of interest in contractile proteins from a wide variety of cells other than muscle, the method has been used quite often to confirm that a particular component was indeed myosin-like in its structural behaviour. The negative staining technique was itself relatively new at that time, being one that I had first used on tobacco mosaic virus in 1956, and which was subsequently greatly improved by Brenner and Horne. The description of the technique probably added to the popularity of the paper. Another technique first described in the paper, which has become very popular as a diagnostic tool, was the observation, again by the negative staining technique in the electron-miscroscope, of actin filaments which had been 'decorated' with myosin, heavy meromyosin, or HMM-subfragment 1, and which show a very characteristic 'arrowhead' structure. This arises in a very specific way from the precise angle of attachment of the myosin heads to actin, and it also shows up on the pitch and subunit repeat of the actin helix. Thus it can be used as a good simple test for either actin or myosin. and it also enables the polarity of the actin filaments to be established. More recently the technique has been used very extensively to identify actin in non-muscle systems. "There were some other things in the paper of which I am quite fond, including, i believe, the first specific suggestion that cytoplasmic streaming might be due to a relative sliding or shearing interaction between polarized actin and myosin filaments in solution But, I think, it must be the two methods to which I have referreed which account for i ts popularity."


ABSTRACT An increasing number of universities around the world have adopted a learner-oriented approach to teaching. Collective learning is regarded as a way to support teachers to enhance this approach. Collective learning processes arise when the teachers collaborate and consciously strive for a shared vision, dialogue, collective action and evaluation. The goal of this explanatory correlational study was to explore whether and how collective learning is related to both learner-oriented teacher beliefs and teaching behaviour. The sample consisted of 90 teachers from management and social-educational programmes at a University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands. Questionnaires were used to measure teacher beliefs and their perception of collective learning. Observations were used to determine teaching behaviour. Results indicated a discrepancy between beliefs and behaviour. Teachers of both programmes generally agreed with learner-oriented beliefs but demonstrated predominantly teacher-oriented behaviour. Teachers in social-educational programmes rated collective learning significantly higher than teachers in management programmes. A positive relationship was found between collective learning and learner-oriented beliefs, however, no relationship was found between collective learning and learner-oriented teaching behaviour. In further studies, a qualitative design could be used to explore to what extent teachers collectively develop their beliefs and behaviour.


A pre-operational validation of Estonian application of SILAM model is performed. A denser network of passive sampler measurements of NO2 and SO2 and filter measurements of black carbon (BC) is added to the stationary monitoring network. It is found that SILAM tends to "smooth out" the two-week average pollution levels over the country: urban concentrations are underestimated, whereas concentrations at remote sites are represented fairly or slightly overestimated. Thus, this study maintains the results of a former one and gives broader geographical view on these. The modelled and measured values are reasonably correlated in general. Further research on emissions, model features and resolution effects is needed to clarify the reasons of its "smoothing" behaviour and to develop it for more accurate predictions.


A multi-layered to form the workpiece can be controlled additional heat energy or removal is carried out as independently against mold, active thermal layer disposed between two layers of mold multilayer with is provided.


This paper describes the methods and techniques that were used to develop a computer model of left ventricular repolarisation, and the results obtained using the model to investigate cardiac repolarisation and its manifestation on the surface electrocardiogram. We showed that normal T-waves can be generated by the model for a normal repolarisation of the left ventricle, with a physiological value of dispersion of repolarisation of 20 ms. The time course of body potentials agrees with published experimental results. Increasing dispersion to a pathological value of 100 ms, T-waves became symmetric. The model was able to simulate normal U-waves correctly.


As the internet technology's growth, many universities have developed online access integrated academic system (IAS). Viewing student's transcript online is one of many important IAS' outputs. In fact, that capability can not eliminate paper based transcript, because it's based on HTML which is downloadable, modifiable and unstandard layout. The solution for the last problem is XML document format, since it is easier to use especially for data interchange. Meanwhile, for the first two problems which can cause security problems, Crypthography can not ensure that the information is authentically and originally created by an authorized user. Thus, XML Digital Signature is proposed. Keywords: XML, XML Digital Signature, XML Security, XML Secure


S>The ruthenium compound obtained by the reaction of nitric oxide with ruthenium tetroxide in carbon tetrachloride and referred to as Ru/sub 2/.NBO/sub 15/ by Martin and by Fletcher et al. was studied. Infrared examination included the use of the N/sup 15/ form of the complex. The reactions involved in its preparation and its behavior in both organic and aqueous media indicate that it may be a nitrato-complex containing two bisnitrosylruthenium groups linked by an oxo-bridge. Infrared absorptions of a number of other compounds containing the Ru-O bond are reported. (auth)


[Objective] To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transforaminal diskectomy using TESSYS(transforaminal endoscopic surgery system)technique in patients with the lumbar disc herniation.[Methods]From 2004 to 2006,245 patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated in Department of Orthopedics in Xinqiao Hospital.The clinical data and results were analyzed and compared with 216 patients treated with MED technique.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and length of incision were all recorded.VAS scores and Macnab criteria were employed to evaluate the clinical results.[Results]Preoperative VAS scores were(7.6±2.2) and(7.3±1.9) for TESSYS and MED,with no significant difference(P0.05).Postoperative VAS scores were(2.8±1.3) and(2.4±1.7) in TESSYS and MED groups respectively,which showed significant improvement compared with preoperative score,but no significant difference between the two groups.Operation time was(54.8±10.4) and(60.5±15.8) minutes with no significant difference(P0.05).Intraoperative blood loss was(81.5±20.7) ml in MED group and(9.5±4.7) ml in TESSYS group,with significant reduction for the latter.Length of incision was 1.8 cm and 0.8 cm in MED and TESSYS groups,with significant difference.Modified Macnab criteria indicated a similar satisfactory rate of 97% and 95%.[Conclusion]Transforaminal discetomy using TESSYS technique is an efficient technique for lumbar disc herniation,with prominent advantages of minimal incision,less postoperative pain,early immobilization and fast recovery.


The focus of this article is the ways in which Gisele Pineau and Fabienne Kanor are positioned and position themselves in relation to the divide between on the one hand French and the other Francophone literature. Presentations of the authors in editorial paratexts as well as interviews and essays written by the writers in question are analyzed. The result shows that both editorial paratext and authorial discourse place Pineau almost exclusively in the category "guadeloupean". However, from the studied texts cannot be determined whether this characterization makes a French or a Francophone writer out of her. In Kanor's case, the authorial discourse violently rejects the label Francophone without embracing Frenchness either. One possible interpretation of the result would consist in saying that the rejection of the term Francophone in the editorial paratext as well as in the authorial discourse puts into question its very use. Cet article traite la maniere dont Gisele Pineau et Fabienne Kanor sont positionnees et se positionnent par rapport aux deux poles de la litterature francaise d'un cote et francophone de l'autre. L'analyse porte sur des presentations des auteures sous forme de paratexte editorial, mais aussi sur des interviews et des essais ecrits par les ecrivaines en question. Le resultat montre que le paratexte editorial aussi bien que le discours auctorial placent Pineau de maniere quasi exclusive dans la categorie « guadeloupeenne ». Cependant, les textes etudies ne permettent pas de determiner si cette caracterisation fait d'elle une auteure francaise ou francophone. Pour ce qui est de Kanor, le discours auctorial rejette de facon vehemente l'appellatif francophone sans pour autant se positionner en tant qu'auteure francaise. Une interpretation possible du resultat consisterait a dire que le terme de francophone tend a etre rejete autant par le paratexte editorial que par le discours auctorial, mettant ainsi en question son utilisation.


Kinetics of the initial stage of oxidation of the silicon electrical engineering steel is studied using methods of colour indication and X-ray spectral microanalysis. It was found that the oxidation rate is determined by diffusion processes for both iron and steel. Iron oxidation is described by the parabolic equation hn = kt, whereas for steel the equation has the form h = K ln t + b. Activation energy of the process equals to 48.049±0.1 kJ•mole-1 in the temperature range of 520-570 °C and 196.359 ± 0.1 kJ•mole-1 in the range of 580-600 °C. The increase of activation energy is due to the wustite appearing in the oxide layer. Oxidation activation energy of electrical engineering steel equals to 6.770 kJ•mole-1 below ~ 530 °C and to 12.880 kJ•mole-1 above 560 °C. The rate of steel oxidation is much lower than that of iron. This is explained by the formation on the steel surface of the protective oxide coating containing binary oxides like Fe 2SiO 4.


This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Ponceau 4R food dye on the cell cycle in root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. at three concentrations: ...


Iminobenzoxazole has been known for its nematicidal activity and along with the advancement in computational chemistry; series of a nalogues have been designed by substituting alkyl group of iminobenzoxazole with e ither electron withdrawing group or electron donating group . The physicochemical and biological properties have been calculated and discussed on the basis of melting po int, chemical structure, Lipinski's rule, and biological activities. The compounds fulfill Li pinski's rule and show good drug likeness score (Table 2.). milog P of these compoun ds have been found below 5 that mean they show good permeability across cell membrane. TPSA below 160 Ǻ2, n violations =1 or <0 it means compound can easily bi nd to receptor, molecular mass <500, n rotb < 5, No. hydrogen bond donors ≤ 5 (The sum of OHs and NHs), No. hydrogen bond acceptor ≤ 10 (The sum of Os and Ns). Compounds 1-15 are taken for further calculation of bioactivity score. From Table 3 Comp ounds 1-15 have showed good bioactivity score whose results are <0 showing acti veness of the compound. Compound S-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl{[5-(2-cyanoethoxy)-1,3,4-thia diazol-2-yl]amino}ethanethioate has showed good drug likeness score with mi logP value is 2.165, TPSA (hydrogen bonding potential) is 113.94, molecular wt. is 361 with no violations. Moreover bioactivity score of S-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl {[5-(2-cyanoethoxy)-1,3,4-thi adiazol-2yl]amino}ethanethioate has been calculated with GPCR ligand value -0.44. Comparing drug likeness score and bioactivity score of compou nds (1-15) with respect to compound S-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl {[5-(2-cyanoethoxy)-1,3,4-thi adiazol-2-yl]amino}ethanethioate has given good drug likeness score and bioactivity score, therefore it can be considered as a lead compound whose chemical structure can be further used for the improvisation of potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties .


Introduction Inference ivolving (so-called counterfactual) conditionals is a well-understood variety of nonmonotonic modes of reasoning. There is, accordingly , some prospect that by establishing links between logics of con-ditionals and varieties of nonmonotonic reasoning our understanding of the latter will improve. The purpose of this paper is to exhibit a close relationship between familiar conditional logics and a kind of nonmono-tonic reasoning recently studied under the name of cumulative inference by Kraus, Lehmann and Magidor (henceforward KLM). I refer the reader to KLM [1] for information concerning the origins and motivation of systems of cumulative inference. KLM claim (in [1, 170]) that the link between their work and previous work on conditional logic " is mainly at the level of the formal systems and not at the semantic level ". And indeed, the semantics of KLM does not seem to fit easily into the range of semantics offered for conditionals (see [2] or [3] for a survey). But while cumulative inference can be modeled in a way that contrasts with familiar semantics for conditionals, it need not be thus modeled. The link between cumulative and conditional logic is just as strong at the level of semantics as it is at the level of proof theory. Cumulative logics are based on a sentential language L with ∧ (conjunction) and ¬ (negation) chosen as primitive sentential connectives. There are two relations of inference between formulae: the straight turnstile, , denoting a familiar notion of deducibility, and a curly turnstile |∼, used for a nonmonotonic relation inference (cumulative inference). The following system CB emerges as a basis for all logics discussed in the context of cumulative inference; it is based on the classical sentential calculus and is closed under the rule of Modus Ponens.


In peace and justice movements (and I include all environmental campaigns and movements under the rubric environmental justice) the ideas of friendship are never far from the surface. And just as Dr. King wrote about the various forms of love, we can consider multiple types of friendship as it relates to activism for peace, social change, and a broad array of justice issues. I will suggest that this is not a mere side characteristic, but can often be central to questions of effectiveness. Overcoming paralyzing polarizing divisions, conflicting worldviews, radically different values and norms in order to achieve a particular, carefully outlined and bounded goal is, in our age of greatly divided segments of the polity, perhaps a way forward worth exploring in some situations.


Forest characterization and biomass estimation by means of remote sensing systems are nowadays "hot topics" within the remote sensing community, given their importance in the terrestrial carbon budget. In fact, forest vertical structure is a key variable for assessing biodiversity and structural degradation and/or regeneration. Moreover, the (vertical) structure information is important as it can allow the development of accurate and robust (alometric) estimators of the forest biomass. In this paper, potentials and challenges of forest vertical structure estimation with low frequency multibaseline polarimetric synthetic aperture radar are reviewed and discussed.


For solving the problem that the information systems in many colleges and universities are very difficult to share information,particularly the large amount of resources can be effectively utilized,while the traditional integrated model demands high coupling degree,and is hard to expand,this paper discusses the superiority of the ESB technology,and in combination with the concrete conditions of this university,presents a kind of heterogeneous system integration frame based on ESB.And though introducing SCA to bind various transmission protocols,the loose coupling is realized between among the services,and the integrated system is more flexible in sharing information.Finally,the experiment of prototype system indicates that this integrated scheme could make the universities gain much value from the information system.


This paper analyzes the existed problems about resettlement of the land-lost farmers on Taizhou.It has a research on the essence of the so complex compomer and proposals the solution on composite residential area.Elaborated the concept and characteristics and combined the Taizhou to discuss.Promoted a new thought to discover the new mode of resettlement of the land-lost farmers under the social economic environment and other multidimensional composite vision.


In this paper, lightlike hypersurfaces of a para-Sasakian space form are studied. We obtain some non-existence results for screen semi-invariant lightlike hypersurfaces of a para-Sasakian space form. It is shown that a lightlike hypersurface is totally geodesic if and only if it is locally symmetric.


S>The effect of four different heat treatments on the corrosion resistance and hydrogen embrittlement of 1.0 wt% Nb, 1.5 wt % Nb, and 3.5 wt% Zr- Nb alloys was studied. The results are discussed in terms of both practical application of the alloys and in terms of the mechanism of corrosion. Annealing for 8 hr at 1100 deg F after cold working gives a metastable structure with excellent corrosion resistance in both water and steam, and gives a structure whose corrosion resistance is relatively insensitive to Nb content. Heat treatment per se leads to significant differences in impact energy absorption after equivalent corrosion exposures and at equivalent hydrogen levels. The alpha annealed structure shows a low susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. (auth)


Numeracy is a core requirement for all pre-registration nursing programmes studying in the U.K. At present each nursing discipline at the University of the West of England, Bristol provides their students with a numeracy booklet which they are expected to work through in their own time. This booklet is intended to prepare them for the compulsory numeracy tests which all students must pass in their first and final years in order to progress with their degree. Students have access to some additional resources, however many students are still very anxious and lack confidence in numeracy.
In order to provide additional support we created a suite of numeracy questions using the university's DEWIS e-Assessment system. The numeracy resource created contains questions covering general numeracy, calculations relating specifically to Child Nursing and typical numeracy in nursing calculations (e.g. drug calculations, drop rates etc.) This was initially trialled on a particular cohort of nurses in April-May 2012. The algorithmic nature of DEWIS allows for question generation, at each assessment attempt, to be performed dynamically as opposed to selecting a question for instance from a question bank. In such a process, the question parameters (keywords and numerical values) are generated randomly within certain constraints. Another key difference is that, on submitting their answers, students see a fully worked solution to each question. This feedback enables students to gain confidence and refine their techniques. Following positive feedback the numeracy resource was rolled out to a greater number of nursing awards for the following academic year.
Students were invited to leave feedback on the DEWIS numeracy resource after each attempt. This feedback has been overwhelmingly positive and has enabled us to improve the resource, for example enabling access from mobile devices and clearer instructions on whether a calculator may be used on certain questions. Analysing student performances on their official numeracy tests has enabled us to measure the impact that the DEWIS numeracy resource has had on students' numeracy.


In recent years, web services have developed rapidly along with the amazing development of SOA, while many web services provide the same function. Thus, it has been attracting substantial attention that how to choose web services to make a service composition in order to satisfy the business needs in SOA. At present, whether the service composition can meet the Quality-of-Service (QoS) needs of the users or not becomes an important criterion. However, existing research methods overlooked the effect of business process structure on the QoS of service composition. Business process is made by the users according to the business needs and describes the way to call web services, the structure of which affects the calculation of QoS in service composition. This paper proposes an algorithm of QoS oriented web service composition and optimization based on the initial business process structure made by the users. The algorithm optimizes the initial service composition plan repeatedly in dependence on the difference of merging methods for each QoS property in different business process structures. The effect of the algorithm to optimize the service composition was given in a series of experiments.


Gut flora is an «essential» part of human life that contributes positive to nutrition, to immunity and to the growth of the epithelial gut cells of the host. Moreover, it sprigthfully participates at host's different metabolic paths. Gut flora is affected by various factors, such as the age, host's genotype, environment, stress, diet and intake of probiotics, prebiotics or antibiotics. The gut flora of human consists of two main bacterial genders: The Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes.
Last years, many scientists have focused their interest on researches which deal with the correlation between the obesity and the gut flora. But, there are conflicting results on these researches. In particular, it is proved that the humans who suffer from obesity have smaller percentage of Bacteroidetes and bigger percentage of Firmicutes concerning with humans with normal weight.
This research tries to correlate the obesity, the weight loss, the nutrition and the Mediterranean diet with the gut flora. The research has the next experimental development: DNA isolation, electrophoresis, photometry and Real Time – PCR.
Obesity and increased Body Mass Index were related, in significant level, with reductions in Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium percentage in feces. Additionally, weight loss was related with decreased Lactobacillus percentage in feces.
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet was not related with significant changes in gut microbiota. The consuming of fresh fruits, beef and soft drinks was, in significant level, related negatively with Clostridium levels in feces. The consuming of legumes was related positively with Bacteroides levels and, finally, Bifidobacterium levels in feces were affected negatively by fresh fruits consuming and positively by salads consuming.


The centrepiece of Earman"s provocatively titled book Hume's Abject Failure: The Argument against Miracles (OUP, 2000) is a probabilistic interpretation of Hume"s famous "maxim" concerning the credibility of miracle reports, followed by an aggressive critique of the maxim when thus interpreted. He argues that the first part of this maxim, once its obscurity is removed, is simply trivial, while the second part is nonsensical. His subsequent discussion culminates with a forthright challenge to any would-be defender of Hume to "point to some thesis which is both philosophically interesting and which Hume has made plausible". My main aim here is to answer this challenge, by demonstrating a preferable interpretation of Hume"s maxim, according to which its first half is both plausible and non-trivial, while its second half sketches a useful, albeit approximate, corollary. I conclude by contesting Earman"s negative views on the originality and philosophical significance of Hume"s justly famous essay. Hume, Miracles, and Probabilities: Meeting Earman's Challenge Peter Millican, University of Leeds Hume"s discussion concerning the credibility of miracle reports in Section X of the first Enquiry has always been controversial, with some commentators viewing it as a powerful contribution to the philosophy of religion, while others have dismissed it as uncharacteristically weak. The main focus of this disagreement has been the "a priori" argument of Section X Part i, 1 which culminates in Hume"s famous "maxim": The plain consequence is (and it is a general maxim worthy of our attention), "That no testimony is sufficient to establish a miracle, unless the testimony be of such a kind, that its falsehood would be more miraculous, than the fact, which it endeavours to establish: And even in that case, there is a mutual destruction of arguments, and the superior only gives us an assurance suitable to that degree of force, which remains, after deducting the inferior." (E 10.13, 115-6) 2 Hume"s preceding argument is based very explicitly on his theory of probability, so contemporary interpreters, in attempting to assess the strength of that argument, have naturally been led to ask how this maxim can most faithfully be expressed in formal probabilistic terms. However their investigations have resulted in a number of very different formulations, which have therefore provided no firm and impartial basis from which the broader evaluative debate can be addressed. Among the various probabilistic interpretations of Hume"s maxim, the most prominent recently – owing to the writings of John Earman – has been the one that he and I proposed independently in 1993, an interpretation which renders the maxim (or at least its first half, prior to I am very grateful to Lorne Falkenstein for his helpful comments on an early version of this paper. <later acknowledgements to be added> 1 The argument of Part i of Section X is often described as "a priori" because it apparently purports to set limits to the evidence that even the best possible testimony could supply for a miracle. The "a posteriori" arguments of Part ii, by contrast, are based on the particularities of human nature, history, and religions, such as our love of wonder, the antiquity and poor evidential basis of the most religiously significant miracle stories, and the mutual conflicts between different miraculously-founded religions. 2 Quotations from the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding ("E") are taken from Beauchamp"s student edition (1999), and referenced both by paragraph number and by page number in the standard Selby-Bigge edition (1975). However for brevity, lists of multiple references are given only using the Selby-Bigge page numbers, as also in the case of the Treatise of Human Nature, where "T" refers to the 1978 Selby-Bigge edition.


Probabilistic routing in wireless sensor network (WSNs) use the mobility history when making a forwarding decision. This type of routing provides a very rapid development and new perspectives in WSNs. However, there are several constraints and challenges to overcome the security problems. In this paper, we propose a security solution based on the RAID5 technology and a multi-path routing, to develop a protective mechanism against the various attacks in mobile WSNs. To demonstrate our concept, we have implemented this solution on Probabilistic Routing Protocol using History of Encounters and Transitivity (PRoPHET). We have compared our new protocol (PRoPHET-RAIP5) with standard PRoPHET to enhance security parameters.


When we talk about history, there is always the danger of oversimplifying. In reflecting upon recent times we often focus on their uniqueness and turbulence, ignoring what they have in common with previous eras. When we consider the more distant past, we tend to think of a more serene age; the sharp edges of controversy and uncertainty become blunted by the passage of time. Yet even in acknowledging these tendencies, I think we can also acknowledge that the past two decades of our profession's history have been extraordinary. For one thing, the past two decades have brought substantial changes in both pedagogy and scholarly procedure. In the 1960's, we rediscovered the process of invention and, recognizing that having something to say was essential for writing well, many people began teaching students to use systematic inquiry procedures: the topics of classical rhetoric, the five w's of journalism, the nine cells of tagmemic rhetoric. Furthermore, we began to attack generally shared assumptions about pedagogy and about essay structure; some people argued that outlining was not always necessary or desirable, that nobody wrote five-paragraph themes, and that lots of perfectly respectable paragraphs lacked topic sentences. We even began to criticize our knowledge about composition. Existing studies were, according to one influential text, approximately at the stage science was when alchemists were trying to turn base metals into gold. What we needed was to replace impressionistic, anecdotal studies with scientifically designed experiments. All this change proved to be heady stuff. In fact, change was so invigorating that we kept right at it. Soon enough, talk of structured heuristic procedures was replaced by talk of cognitive processes and by instruction in less structured discovery procedures-journals, learning logs, free writing. Furthermore, we began to criticize the critics: outlines could too be useful; and some paragraphs had to have topic sentences. And we kept changing scholarly


ABSTRACT Microorganisms may have a direct action on the fate of organic/inorganic ions in the environment through biosorption, detoxification or bioaccumulation processes. In the present study, the marine actinobacterial Nocardiopsis sp. 13H strain, isolated from different nuclear power plant (NPP) sites, India, tested for long half-life radionuclide of strontium (Sr+) was studied. Nocardiopsis sp. 13H could remove 93.6 ± 0.8% of Sr+ from test solutions containing 10 mM SrCl2. The biosorption of Sr+ was studied for optimum condition of pH, temperature and time interval of remediation. Further, Sr+ adsorption was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, with the presence of Sr+, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) were also found more and suggested interaction of EPS surface active assemblages being involved in radionuclide remediation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study confirmed that Nocardiopsis sp. 13H cell surfaces are involved in Sr+ adsorption with the presence of dominant functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and amide groups. The results conclude that marine actinobacterial Nocardiopsis sp. 13H could be useful for the treatment of long half-life radioisotope pollution as an eco-friendly biosorbent in marine environmental cleanup. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Simple Summary Extramedullary presentation of acute myeloid leukemia is a rare event that can occur at diagnosis or at relapse, together or independent of bone marrow involvement. This event is usually unamenable to standard therapies. Due to the rarity of this disorder, most of the literature comprises small retrospective studies and case reports. The introduction in clinical practice of newly approved drugs for acute myeloid leukemia will pave the way for new treatment approaches for this rare disease. This report will present a review of acute myeloid leukemia with extramedullary manifestations responding to FLT3-directed target therapy. Abstract FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase family member. Mutations in FLT3, as well known, represent the most common genomic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identified in approximately one-third of newly diagnosed adult patients. In recent years, this has represented an important therapeutic target. Drugs such as midostaurin, gilteritinib, and sorafenib, either alone in association with conventional chemotherapy, play a pivotal role in AML therapy with the mutated FLT3 gene. A current challenge lies in treating forms of AML with extramedullary localization. Here, we describe the general features of myeloid sarcoma and the ability of a targeted drug, i.e., gilteritinib, approved for relapsed or refractory disease, to induce remission of these extramedullary leukemic localizations in AML patients with FLT3 mutation, analyzing how in the literature, there is an important development of cases describing this promising potential for care.


Objective To observe the chest imaging features of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) combined with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.Methods Chest images of 15 patients with AIDS combined with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed.Results Imaging features of AIDS combined with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia were as follows: ①Nodules were detected in 12 cases(12/15,80.00%),including single nodule in 1 and multiple nodules in 11 patients.②Single mass was found in 2 cases(2/15,13.33%),including 1 of 10.0 cm × 12.0 cm with smooth edge,another 1 of 3.7 cm × 4.1 cm with blur edge.③Patches were found in 1 case(1/15,6.67%).Cavities were found in 13 cases(13/15,86.67%).Small amount of pleural effusion or pleural thickening was noticed in 9 cases(9/15,60.00%),while mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement was found in 2 cases(2/15,13.33%).During following up of 3—26 months,lesions in one case were completely absorbed,in 11 cases were significantly absorbed.One patient was lost during following up,and 2 patients died.Conclusion Multiple nodules in one lateral or bilateral lungs are common imaging findings of AIDS combined with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.Detecting single huge mass may be important for the diagnosis of this disease.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of benidipine hydrochloride in Chinese patients with stable angina pectoris.METHODS The multicenter,single-blind,random sample,active-controlled study was processed in stable angina pectoris patients.126 patients in benidipine group (trial) and 111 patients in nifedipine group (control) completed the study.RESULTS After 4 weeks of treatment,in the exercise tolerance test,the time to 1 mm ST segment depression were prolonged in both trial and control groups,the increment were (64.2±108.0) and (62.8±110.6) s,respectively (P0.05);the maximal exercise time and the maximal metabolic equivalent were improved,showed no significant difference (P0.05) between groups.Although the angina frequency and nitroglycerin consumption in the two groups were reduced,but not significantly different between two groups.The total efficacy rates of two groups were 55% and 44.8%,respectively.The incidence of adverse events were 10.1% and 13.9%,respectively,and there were no serious adverse events.CONCLUSION Benidipine treatment of stable angina pectoris is safe and effective.


Abstract : This report contains laundering test data to the support the correlation between 5 laundering cycles of the America Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Test Method 61 Colorfastness to Laundering, Home and Commercial: Accelerated to 25 laundering cycles of the America Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Test Method 150 Dimensional Change of Garments after Home Laundering. The U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) endorsed this work under the Warfighter Improved Combat Identification Development project to explore the opportunity for reducing laundering test time and laundering test cost for the launderability testing of the inch Identification of Friend or Foe (IFF) patch that is sewn to the uniform. Through several trials the appropriate test parameters were identified to yield the same level of degradation, identified by visual examination, for samples that underwent 5 laundering cycles of AATCC 61 and 25 cycles of AATCC 150.


The most dominant theory counsels that the best constitutional design for limiting the arbitrary abuse of governmental power is a system divided into executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This constitutional design only places constraints on the power of government and protects individual liberty when it is combined with the theory of checks and balances. This chapter describes how El'tsin and his supporters advanced separated powers as a 'democratic' solution to the problems of constitutionally-limited, semi-presidential government. To tell the story, the chapter draws on two main sources: newspaper reports, and references from debates from the Constitutional Convention that helped to draft the Russian Constitution. The chapter reveals Russia's strong domestic tradition of respect for constitutionally-limited government and suggests broader lessons for post-authoritarian constitutional transformation. Post-authoritarian constitutional construction therefore is often best served by amending the formal, authoritarian constitution and making it 'matter', rather than by formulating a brand new one. Keywords:balances; checks; constitutional design; governmental power; post-authoritarian constitutional construction; Russian constitution; semi-presidentialism


Preface. Part I. Social Justice: The Basics. Why We Need a Theory. The Machinery of Social Injustice. The Scope of Social Justice. Part II: Equality of Opportunity. Why Equal Opportunity?. Education. Health. The Making of the Black Gulag. Part III. What's Wrong with Meritocracy?. The Idea of Meritocracy. The Abuse of Science. Part IV. The Cult of Personal Responsibility. Responsibility versus Equality?. Rights and Responsibilities. Irresponsible Societies. Part V. The Demands of Social Justice. Pathologies of Inequality. Wealth. Jobs and Incomes. Can We Afford Social Justice?. Part VI. The Future of Social Justice. The Power of Ideas. How Change Happens. Meltdown?. Justice or Bust. Notes. Index.


Through study arithmetic of encryption and the process of payment online,design a new method of digital signature for payment online,in order to ensure the accomplishment of transaction online and reach the purpose of safe payment,on condition that the merchant does not know the account information of the customer and the bank does not know the purchase information of the customer.


The title compound, [Cd(C13H14N2)4(H2O)2](NO3)2·2H2O, has been prepared from the self-assembly reaction of oligoaniline dadpm (dadpm is diaminodiphenylmethane) and Cd(NO3)2 in MeOH/H2O. The CdII mononuclear complex cation has a center of symmetry, and dadpm acts as a monodentate ligand.


The phase diagram of an SU(2){sub {ital L}}{times}SU(2){sub {ital R}} lattice Higgs-Yukawa model with finite {lambda} is constructed using mean field theory. The phase diagram bears a superficial resemblance to that for {lambda}={infinity}; however, as {lambda} is decreased the paramagnetic region shrinks in size. For small {lambda} the phase transitions remain second order, and no new first order transitions are seen. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Radical addition reactions of organyl iodides 7a-s onto [1.1.1]propellane (2) followed by halogen-lithium exchange and transmetallation with zinc chloride, as well as additions of Grignard reagents to 2, have furnished a variety of 3-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl-1-magnesium (14) and -zinc (19) derivatives. The latter have been coupled with various alkenyl, aryl, and biaryl halides and triflates under NiCl2dppe, Pd(PPh3)4, or PdCl2(dppf) catalysis to give a number of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl derivatives 17, 20, and 23, several of which exhibit liquid crystalline properties, in moderate to very good yields. The coupling products 20ca, 23ab, 23ae, 23ff, and 23fg have been further transformed to yield bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl derivatives 32, 24ab, 24ae, 27ff, and 27fg, respectively, bearing alkynyl, cyano, and/or alkenyl groups.


A spate of recent articles, including one by Saur et al in the May 2003 issue of AJNR ([1][1]), has confirmed the "obvious:" namely, that diffusion-weighted MR imaging is more sensitive and has greater interrater agreement than unenhanced CT for the detection of early ischemic signs of stroke.


Objective To evaluate the learning efficiency of amnesia and analgesia induction method to intubate by using shikani optical stylet.Methods 30 patients,aged from 22-69 years,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ,MallamptiⅠ-Ⅱ,were going to have elective surgeries were sequenced into three equal groups.The attempt times,intubating time were gained from the monitoring machines.And the vital signs,such as blood pressure,heart rate,and SpO2 changes,were recorded at four time point:before induction,instant time before intubation,instant time after intubation and 1min after intubation.Results It was comparable in terms of age,weight,height,body mass index(BMI).The average time of intubation in three group were 66.8±18.4 s,55.1±14.0 s,48.6±11.2 s respectively,and the time in group 3 was significantly shorter than that in group1.Successful rates of the first attempt and the second attempt to intubate in groups 2 and 3 were significant higher than that of group 1.Heart rate in group 3 was significantly slower than those in group 1 and group2 during the instant time after intubation.In group 3,blood pressure and RPP of instant time after intubation were significantly decreased than the base value,and the heart rate of instant time after intubation was greatly faster than the base value in group 2.Any complications related with intubation were not found after surgeries.Conclusion As the experience of learning gradually were gained,the intubating time by using shikani optical stylet through amnesia and analgesia induction method were shorter and shorter,the successful rates of the first attempt were gradually raised and irritations to the throat were notably alleviated.


Previously we showed that the fluorescence lifetimes of ethidium and propidium iodide were different when intercalated into cellular double-stranded DNA or RNA. Current studies of four ethidium derivatives showed that the lifetime difference of DNA and RNA bound dyes existed in all four compounds, and that the magnitude of the difference was dependent on the dye structure, the staining concentration, and the conditions in which flow cytometry (FCM) analysis of stained cells was performed. The fluorescence lifetime of both DNA and RNA bound fluorochromes was reduced with increasing dye concentration; however the level of decrease varied in different dyes. Further analysis of stained cellular DNA in dye-free solution, which favors only high affinity binding, led to elevated fluorescence lifetime values compared to lifetime values obtained from analysis in the dye solution under equilibrium binding conditions. The changes of fluorescence lifetime value reflect the difference in dye structure and distinct interaction between the dyes and nucleic acids. The staining and analysis variables used in these studies may potentially provide additional information on differences in nucleic acid conformation and function in cell populations.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


The Mixed Waste Landfill Integrated Demonstration was tasked with demonstrating innovative technologies for the cleanup of chemical and mixed waste landfills that are representive of sites occurring throughout the DOE complex and the nation. The SEAMIST{trademark} inverting membrane deployment system has been used successfully at the Mixed Waste Landfill Integrated Demonstration (MWLID) for multipoint vapor sampling, pressure measurement, permeability measurement, sensor integration demonstrations, and borehole lining. Several instruments were deployed inside the SEAMIST{trademark}-lined boreholes to detect metals, radionuclides, moisture, and geologic variations. The liner protected the instruments from contamination, maintained support of the uncased borehole wall, and sealed the total borehole from air circulation. Recent activities included the installation of three multipoint vapor sampling systems and sensor integration systems in 100-foot-deep vertical boreholes. A long term pressure monitoring program has recorded barometric pressure effects at depth with relatively high spatial resolution. The SEAMIST{trademark} system has been integrated with a variety of hydrologic and chemical sensors for in-situ measurements, demonstrating its versatility as an instrument deployment system that allows easy emplacement and removal. Standard SEAMIST{trademark} vapor sampling systems were also integrated with state-of-the-art volatile organic compound analysis technologies. The results and status of these demonstration tests are presented.


This PhD thesis intends to explore the possible influences and rewritings of Arthurian legends in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien's work seems to be strongly influenced by Arthurian literature. The themes of Quest for the Ring and the Fellowship of the Ring echo the Grail Quest and the Order of the Round Table. The Ring as the centre of the plot in The Lord of the Rings is a clear allusion to the Grail legend while the Arthurian myth of the Wasteland is represented in Rohan, whose ruler resembles the Fisher King, and in Gondor, which echoes the Arthurian idea of a ruler and his land as one. The tragic love between Aragorn and Arwen has some parallelisms with Tristan and Isolde's fatal love while Frodo and Bilbo's uncle-nephew relationship reminds us of King Arthur and Gawain. Also, Galadriel, Arwen or Eowyn share many resemblances with some Arthurian heroines such has Morgan Le Fay, the Lady of the Lake or Guenevere, among others. Similarly, landscapes and objects from The Lord of the Rings have Arthurian resonances. Indeed, the term 'Middle-earth' appears in medieval literature, including Arthurian texts, while Aragorn's sword clearly resembles King Arthur's legendary blade, Excalibur.


Omega‐3 fatty acids (FA) have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease and cancer, and excess CE formation is implicated in both diseases. It is thought that oleic acid (OA) is the preferred substrate for ACAT1, while polyunsaturated FAs are substrates for ACAT2. We investigated the kinetics of CE formation from DHA, OA, and the combination in MCF‐10A breast epithelial cells. We previously showed a high expression of ACAT1 in these cells, while ACAT2 expression was very low (ACAT1/ACAT2 mRNA¡Ö2400). We equilibrated the cell cholesterol (C) pool with 3H‐C in serum‐free defined media supplemented with water‐soluble C, and then added the FAs. At the specified time, the cells were collected and washed and the lipids extracted. After separation by TLC, the bands corresponding to free C (FC) and CE were scraped and counted. The percentage of counts in CE/(FC+CE) was analyzed. The rate of CE formation from OA was 4‐fold higher than from DHA. Formation of OA‐CE increased dose‐responsively to added OA from 10 to 100 μM, while DHA‐CE formation peaked at 25 μM. DHA dose‐dependently decreased CE formation when given in combination with OA. Quantitative FA analysis of CEs from cells treated with either or both FAs confirmed that DHA was incorporated into CE, that DHA competitively decreased OA incorporation into CE, and that DHA decreased total CE. These data suggest that DHA is both a substrate and a partial inhibitor of ACAT1.


— Converged IP-based networks and services, as well the huge increase in IP traffic along the last few years, have revealed the need for new dynamic mechanisms capable of handling all types of IP-based multimedia traffic. This work proposes a solution based on control theory running on a DiffServ domain. Other than classical solutions, whose objective is to provide strong QoS responses only for one or two premium classes, our proposal aims to provide QoS for both isochronous and best-effort applications. The results presented here show that our objective is accomplished with the correct fitting of the WFQ parameters without overestimating their weights.


Very high feed needs are a problem for carp fish farmers. One way that can be done to achieve this goal is to provide a lot of nutritious feed in order to provide accelerated growth. Goldfish (Carassius auratus) is one of the most popular ornamental fish among ornamental fish lovers and has a high price value. Spirulina platensis has a fairly high nutrient content with potential protein and vitamin content so that it can be used as a source of single cell protein (PST). This study was conducted to determine the effect of giving different concentrations of Spirulina platensis flour to feed for carp chef growth and to know the concentrations of Spirulina platensis flour which is good for the growth of Goldfish (Carassius auratus). The experimental design used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications namely, P1 without a dose of Spirulina platensis flour, P2 dose of Spirulina platensis flour 1%, P3 dose of Spirulina platensis flour 2%, P4 dose Spirulina platensis flour 3%, P5 dose Spirulina platensis flour 4%, and P6 dose of Spirulina platensis flour 5%.


Here is a list of our "exemplary legal writing" honorees for 2015. Most can be found on the web. Green Bag subscribers will find all of them (except the books) in the 2016 Almanac & Reader, which will be in mailboxes worldwide later this month. Congratulations to all. Also included: new and perhaps improved rules for selection of "exemplary legal writing" honorees for 2016.


Phytophthora diseases are economically important in citrus production worldwide. Pathogens in California include Phytophthora parasitica, P. citrophthora, P. syringae, and the less common P. hibernalis. These can cause fruit brown rot, root rot, foot rot, and trunk cankers. Resistant rootstocks, cultural practices, and fungicide treatments are used for their management. Preharvest applications of copper are effective against brown rot; whereas phosphonate and phenylamideacylalanine fungicides are used for managing root and brown rots. Phosphonates have been used more extensively due to phenylamide resistance, lower cost, ambimobility in the tree, ease of application by chemigation or foliar treatment, and regulatory approval for phosphite salts to be included in phosphate fertilizers. Baseline sensitivity studies before registration of phosphonates are lacking. We detected a wide range of EC50 values for inhibiting mycelial growth with values up to 252 μg/ml for P. citrophthora and 142 μg/ml for P. parasitica and P. syringae. To determine if these isolates were field resistant, Navel orange fruit were inoculated with sensitive (EC50 = 7.6 μg/ml) and putative resistant (EC50 = 186 μg/ml) isolates of P. citrophthora. Using the sensitive isolate, brown rot was effectively managed with preor postharvest applications of potassium phosphite at 620 or 4000 μg/ml, respectively, but not when using a putative resistant isolate. No cross resistance was detected to mefenoxam, as well as to the new oxathiapiprolin, fluopicolide, and mandipropamid. The three new modes of action have baseline sensitivities with mean EC50 values of <0.001, 0.06, or 0.0035 μg/ml, respectively, for P. citrophthora. In field trials, they reduced root rot to near zero levels. Oxathiapiprolin and mandipropamid are also highly effective against brown rot. All three will be registered on citrus in the United States. 205 Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de: 0294-sp-2017-Reinh-35-0


A new crystal Nd:YbVO_4 has been successfully grown by the Czochralski method.The rocking curves from(004) and(400) diffraction planes of the as-grown Nd:YbVO_4 crystal were measured by the high-resolution X-ray diffractometer(HRXRD)-D5005,and the full-width values at half-maximum were(19.80)~〃 for(004) face and 70.92~〃 for(400) face,respectively.The measured effective segregation coefficients were 0.54 for Nd~(3+) and near 1 for V~(3+) and Yb~(3+) by the X-ray fluorescence method.The measured thermal expansion coefficients are α_a=2.6×10~(-6)/K,α_b=2.5×10~(-6)/K and α_c=8.7×10~(-6)/K from 298.15 to 573.15K along its crystallographic a,b and c axes,respectively.The measured specific heat is 0.45-0.65J/g·K in the temperature range from 298.15 to 573.15K.The thermal diffusion coefficients of Nd:YbVO_4 were measured and the thermal conductivities were also calculated.


The paper introduces the acceptance requirement and two implementation methods of Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) in the green building certification.The methods include fresh air flush out and onsite testing,which provide the guideline for the projects applied for LEED certification.The paper also compares the testing index requirement in our national standards and LEED requirement.It is anticipated that the comparison can bring the reference for revisal of our national IAQ standard.


The role of spin orientation on the reactivity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) intermediates (O, OH) on a ferromagnetic electrode surface is studied using constrained density functional theory formalism. We show that the strength of the binding of these reaction intermediates depend on their relative spin orientations with respect to the magnetization of the electrode. This suggests that oxygen-based electrochemical reactions on ferromagnetic catalyst surfaces can be controlled through the applied magnetic field. In the present study, we demonstrate such a possibility through the study of an oxygen reduction reaction on a PdFe (001) surface by introducing a new concept: spin orientation dependent overpotential. Also, we have explained the origin of lower dissociation barrier for the O2 molecule on ferromagnetic surfaces when its spin moment is antiparallel to the surface magnetization as reported in the recent experiments.


Land use is a crucial sector in delivering enhanced carbon sequestration globally. At the same time food production is a major source of global greenhouse gas emissions. As pressure mounts for all nations to increase their levels of ambition under the Paris Climate Agreement, so the pressure to radically reduce emissions from the agriculture sector and enhance carbon sequestration in the land use sector also ramps up. This trend is most clearly evident in the drive for "net zero" where unavoidable emissions, such as those from food production, are balanced by more sequestration via land use change. Here we examine some of the major risks, applicable safeguards, and potential pathways for agriculture and land use in realizing net zero. Using the UK as an example we highlight the importance of governance, finance, skills, research and technology, and society in this transition. We conclude that successful land use policy for net zero will require extremely demanding levels of integration and spatial resolution, and that the research community has a vital role to play in providing a robust evidence base for this. We also invoke the Cancun safeguards as a basis on which a more sustainable and just transition to net zero might be based. Finally, we warn of unintended distortions to policy and markets if the drive for net zero is too blinkered.


Abstract We evaluated a bioenergetics model for adult largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides at two temperatures (22°C and 27°C) and two feeding levels (ad libitum and 2% wet body mass) in the laboratory. Three statistical methods were used to assess agreement between predicted and observed growth and consumption during a 9-week period. Multivariate profile analysis indicated no significant deviations between predicted and observed mean body masses at the end of each week of the experiment; partitioning mean square error revealed that 87% of the variance was attributed to random variation rather than to systematic variation; and a reliablility index indicated agreement between predicted and observed masses within a factor of 1.03. Predicted cumulative food consumption during the 9-week period was 9.4% less than that observed. Model predictions of mean daily consumption rates closely tracked observed values when fish were not fed to excess, but the model did not perform as well under ad libitum feeding cond...


The design of a magneto-optical microscope magnetometer (MOMM) for simultaneously probing local magnetic properties is described. The MOMM consists of an optical polarizing microscope capable of magneto-optical contrast that is used as a magnetometer by sweeping a magnetic field from an electromagnet. Due to full-field optical imaging, as opposed to single photodiode detection, the system is capable of simultaneous measurement of magnetic hysteresis loops and magnetization viscosity curves on 8000 individual local regions of 400×400 nm2 area in ferromagnetic materials. The most striking feature of the system is that it provides two-dimensional maps of the local magnetic properties including the coercivity, the switching time, and the activation magnetic moment from two-dimensional arrays of the hysteresis loops and the viscosity curves. We present the local magnetic properties and their correlations in Co/Pd multilayer films prepared by electron-beam evaporation.


A. The process of accumulating knowledge, 208. — B. Growth with non-stationary innovation possibility function, 213. — C. Conclusion, 218.


A variable conductance heat pipe (VCHP) radiator has been designed, built and tested, and has undergone life testing for twelve months at ESTEC. The design constraints were based on the anticipated thermal control requirements for the microwave transistor power amplifiers intended for the MAROTS satellite. Thus the radiator was required to maintain all operating amplifiers within 5°C of one another and within the temperature range 30-40°C. The radiator performance was also evaluated for extended powered-down periods and during eclipse. Experimental results show little change in performance after twelve months of life testing.