Tinea capitis infection is on the rise in North America and continues to be a significant public health concern.1,2 In fact, tinea capitis infection has been described as a "modern-day epidemic."3 It is the most commonly diagnosed dermatophytosis of childhood and is more frequently seen among prepubescent children.4 In fact, it has been stated by Boni Elewski, MD, an international expert on cutaneous mycotic infections, that when scalp scaling is noted in children, "the fungus is guilty until proven innocent" (personal communication with Boni Elewski, MD, May 1999). However, among infants, while the infection still occurs, it is relatively rare. Further complicating the diagnosis in infants is the variability in clinical presentation. For these reasons, a high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis, as one must first consider the possible presence of a disorder before the diagnosis can be made. The practitioner should approach each case of a potential dermatophyte infection with a similar diagnostic approach regardless of age, which includes direct microscopy and fungal culture.

The two more common genera of dermatophytes responsible for tinea capitis infection are Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis, with T. tonsurans the most common cause of tinea capitis in the United States.5 However, M. canis is increasing in incidence in parts of Europe and the United States.6 Diagnostically, there are several methods available for identifying a tinea capitis infection. In terms of treatment, the standard therapy for tinea capitis remains oral griseofulvin; however, depending on the specific pathogen identified, different treatment regimens may be employed.


Computing systems increasingly comprise large numbers of heterogeneous subsystems, each with their own local perspective and goals, connected in dynamic networks, and interacting with each other and humans in ways which are difficult to predict. Nevertheless, users engaging with different parts of the system still expect high performance, reliability, security and other qualities, provided in a way that is robust or adaptive in the presence of unforeseen changes (including to users, the network, physical environment or the system itself). Examples of systems which are facing this challenge are wide-ranging and include robot swarms, personal devices, web services and sensor networks. In all these cases, advanced levels of autonomous behaviour can enable the system to adapt itself at run time, by learning behaviours in real time, appropriate to changing conditions.


The golf ball had been rolling on the Tifdwarf greens since April 1965 when it was officially released by the U S Department of Agriculture and the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station. Tifdwarf grass was born as an 'offtype' from Tifgreen (T-328) which itself is a 27 chromosome hybrid turf grass released in 1956. Tifdwarf was first discovered by an Agronomist James B. (Monty) Moncrief as a small circular patch from a golf green of Tifgreen which was under evaluation before its release. Since then Tifdwarf has been used extensively as warm season putting green grass around the world. However in older greens of Tifdwarf, issues of mutations and offtypes have always been associated with it. Also today new ultradwarf Bermuda grass varieties are available which claim to offer faster putting greens. This paper analysis the tendency of Tifdwarf grass mutation and its effects on the golf putting greens.


In view of the developing situation of the present software enterprise an effective way is pointed out for the software enterprise development.At the same time,the software engineering theory is applied to the software enterprise to construct an intergrated developing environment suitable for the enterprise engineering construction,thus standardizing the management of the software enterprise and improving the TQCS for the development of software.


PREFACE A part of the masters programme of the study that I am following, Business Mathematics & Informatics (BMI) at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, is writing a BMI paper. In this paper a problem in the field of BMI is assessed using existing literature. The subjects addressed in this paper are the past, present and future developments of the relatively new phenomenon called m-commerce. Developments discussed will be from a technological perspective as well as a business perspective. ABSTRACT This paper explains: • What m-commerce is: in a nutshell, it is commerce using a mobile device such as a hand-held device or a smart phone; • What it is used for: currently, m-commerce in Europe mainly consists of messaging, such as SMS, and mobile entertainment (think of ringtones, wallpapers, and mobile games); • What technology is involved with m-commerce: this paper describes the history and future of mobile networks from 1G to 3G, and how other technologies can be used for m-commerce such as GPS, and Wi-Fi; • The business aspects of m-commerce: how much does it cost to enable m-commerce (for instance the costs of the European UMTS network) and how much turnover is made. Also, success stories for several m-commerce services are described, as well as the target groups and the consuming market; • The current Dutch m-commerce situation: what networks are currently used, what is the mobile penetration rate and what potential does the Dutch m-commerce market have; • How big m-commerce is in Japan: what made m-commerce so successful in Japan, and what are the differences with the Dutch m-commerce market. To answer these questions a definition of commerce is given first (Wikipedia): " Commerce is the trading of something of value between two entities. That something may be goods, services, information, money, or anything else the two entities consider to have value. " Then m-commerce can be defined as follows (Wikipedia): " M-commerce or mobile commerce stands for electronic commerce made through mobile devices. " But what products or services fall under m-commerce? Would making mobile telephone calls or sending text messages fall under m-commerce according to the definitions above? A service, in this case the telecom provider allowing you to use their network for calling and text messaging, is traded for your money, i.e., the fee of the call or the fee of sending the message. However, m-commerce is generally related with the selling …


Fried pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) oil has been widely used in traditional Chinese cuisine and has recently become increasingly popular in food manufacturing. Thus, the aroma profiles of Hancheng pepper oil (HCPO) and Hanyuan pepper oil (HYPO) from two regions were investigated by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). Results from AEDA showed that more aroma compounds with flavor dilution (FD) factors of ≥9 were detected in the HCPO than in the HYPO. The odor activity values (OAVs) revealed 28 odorants with OAVs of ≥1 in HCPO or HYPO. High OAVs were in particular obtained for 1,8-cineole, (E)-2-heptenal, β-myrcene, β-ocimene, limonene and linalool. Then, the aroma profiles of HCPO and HYPO were successfully simulated through aroma recombination models. Omission tests suggested that β-phellandrene, p-cymene, acetic acid octyl ester, octanal, citronellol and sabinene played key roles in aroma differences between HCPO and HYPO. In addition, varying enantiomeric ratios of linalool (floral) and limonene (citrus-like and lemon-like) in HCPO and HYPO were observed by chiral GC-MS, and the odor impressions of limonene and linalool were in good agreement with the odor descriptions of S-(-)-limonene and S-(+)-linalool.


With the introduction of air bags coming into the market at a brisk pace, and foreseeing the need for assessing the safety benefits of the air bag for all sizes of vehicle occupants, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) awarded in 1987 a contract to the Ohio State University under the title "Development for Multisized Hybrid III-Based Dummy Family". At the time the funding covered only the development of a small female and a large male dummies. Recognizing the need for dummies with improved biofidelity and extended measuring capability and capacity to evaluate the safety of children, CDC provided additional funding in 1989 to develop a design foundation for the Hybrid III-type child size dummies. To support this work, the Ohio State University asked the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) to form an appropriate working group that would provide advice and guidance from the automotive perspective. The SAE, through its Hybrid III Dummy Family Task Group and later, also through the Dummy Testing Equipment Subcommittee, has continued the development work since then, resulting in the construction of prototype Hybrid III-type 5th percentile female, 95th percentile male, six-year-old, three-year-old, and CRABI 12-month-old dummies. In 1997, NHTSA, in cooperation with the appropriate technical committees of SAE, initiated an evaluation program for the prototype Hybrid III dummies prior to proposing them for incorporation into Part 572 as regulated test devices. This paper provides highlights of the Agency program which was used to evaluate the Hybrid III three-year-old and six-year-old child dummies and the 5th percentile female dummy for their sufficiency as measurement devices. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.


In military base access areas, akin to many commercial installations, the telecommunications traffic passes through several concentration and switching stages. Loads to server facilities are formed through mergers and branch outs of offered traffic substreams. Blocking of calls is known to occur in many ways throughout the existing access area networks.

In this report, an effort is made to represent the access area grades of service (i.e., the probabilities of blocking for different substreams) in more realistic ways than before. The message flow process is structured into three representative contention phases. The three phases are realistic and occur often in military networks. All three phases apparently possess queueing models and analytical properties distinct from the conventional Engset, Erlang, and other classical models. Their blocking probabilities also differ significantly.

One of the three models appears tractable only through bounds and asymptotically tight approximations. The other two models are shown to permit formal solutions. Given an access area network, the three blocking probabilities may be applied individually or in a variety of combinations. The paper demonstrates several applications to access area telephony.


The Project of Osaka Institute of Technology Electric‐Rocket‐Engine onboard Small Space Ship (PROITERES) was started at Osaka Institute of Technology. In PROITERES, a small satellite with electrothermal pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs) will be launched in 2010. The main mission is powered flight of small satellite by electric thruster. This study aims at improvement in performance by changing configuration of PPTs. The total impulse of about 5 Ns was achieved with a Teflon® (poly‐tetrafluoroethylene: PTFE) cylindrical discharge room of 9.0 mm in length and 1.0 mm in diameter in 53,000‐shot operation with 2.43 J/shot. Finally, the engineering model of the PPT system was developed, and it is under operation as final test.


Lightning, which is also known as electrical charge separation in atmosphere, performs energetic discharge. By monitoring the atmospheric electric field (AEF), it helps to give precaution against the risk of lightning. The rotating electric field mill (REFM) is a sensor used in measuring AEF. REFM comprises of signal processing circuit (consists of amplification unit, filtering, conversion, and signal conditioning unit) for connection to data acquisition equipment in order to display, collect, and analyse the data. An investigation of different materials on REFM rotor and stator was performed to reveal their sensitivity and stability towards the high voltage atmosphere. The calibration results showed that aluminium sensor had been more suitable for AEF measurement compared to stainless steel sensor. The research purpose was to track the thundercloud development processes and movement. In addition, in order to investigate the characteristics of the signal from a thunderstorm cloud prior to cloud ground lightning discharges, the REFM was installed in UTM area. The data collected on-site revealed the characteristic signals of AEF in the atmosphere and the characteristics of the signal from a thunderstorm cloud prior to CG lightning discharges.


The authors present the development and the methodology to implement the software of a secure learning-bridge which has the ability to filter, to forward, and to cipher frames in an extended Ethernet environment. The implemented security system was basically built up with three subsystems. These were a management subsystem, a supervision center, and a set of secure bridges, whose functions were filtering the network data traffic and ciphering/deciphering the sensitive data. These devices, called CryptoNets, are described. The algorithm for data ciphering is discussed.<<ETX>>


The autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) mostly has fewer control inputs than the degree of freedoms (DOFs)
in motion and be classified into underactuated system. It is difficult tasks to stabilize that system because of the highly nonlinear dynamic and model uncertainties. Hence, it usually required nonlinear control method and this paper presents the stabilization of an underactuated X4-AUV using backstepping based PID nonlinear control techniques. The X4-AUV system is executed by separating system into two parts subsystem which is translational and rotational subsystems. Integral backstepping control is applied for translational subsystem and PID backstepping control for the rotational subsystem. The
effectiveness of the proposed control technique for an underactuated X4-AUV demonstrates through simulation.


An apparatus for applying an iontophoretic treatment to a living body, comprising: a pair of electrodes adapted to contact the skin of the body, in spaced relationship to each other: a supply capacitor coupled across the electrodes for supplying electrical current for conduction through the body, from one electrode to the other; switch means for charging the supply capacitor at regular intervals of time; and means for controllably adjusting the frequency at which the switch means operates to charge the supply capacitor, to adjust the magnitudes of the voltage on the capacitor and the electrical current supplied by the capacitor, correspondingly.


The purpose of this study was analyzing characteristics of 85㎡-sizes housing units with 3-bay and 4-bay and the residents' satisfaction with them. The subjects for analyzing 85㎡-sizes housing units with 3-bay and 4-bay in the new town, yongin, in Gyeonggi-do. The study result was show that the residents satisfaction who have experienced the 3-bay housing unit than 4-bay housing unit.


It provides a method for controlling interference in short-range communication network including a plurality of connections for direct communication between terminals. The method, via a first connection for direct communication between the first terminal receives the signal transmitted by the first terminal, and a process of measuring the receiving power of the signal, of the plurality of connection, the case where each interfering signal by the communication of the first plurality of connections other than the connection has been received, the process of measuring the reception power for each of the interference signal, and reception power for the signal, by using the reception power for each of the interference signal, comprising the steps of calculating a first signal-to-interference ratio, if the first signal-to-interference ratio is less than the threshold value, a plurality of other said first connection to retention settings for each of the connection or, and a step of deciding to release.


Research on the water-resistance,solubility of ethanol and biodiesel,the comparison testing research of economic and emission performance has been done on the ZS195 diesel engine when being fueled with biodiesel,ethanol-biodiesel,hydrous ethanol-biodiesel and pure diesel.The results indicate that B90E10 and B90A10 mixed fuel have good physical stability at 20 ℃.The brake specific fuel consumption of biodiesel,B90E10 and B90A10 is higher than pure diesel.The CO emission is equal to pure diesel at small load,while declining at big load.The NOx emission is higher than pure diesel at small load while B90E10 and B90A10 blends decreasing successively,and B90A10 is lower than that of pure diesel.NOx emission of the three kinds of fuel are nearly equal at big load,which is higher than pure diesel.The THC emission is less than pure diesel,and the declining range of biodiesel is the largest while the case of that for B90E10 blend is the least.The smoke emission of carbon declines larger than pure diesel,and declines successively with the increasing of oxygen that the fuel contain.


The RPC charge readout, which is in operation on the entire central carpet (about 5800 m2) of ARGO-YBJ since December 2009, extends the energy range of measurement, allowing the study of the cosmic radiation up to PeV energies. Here we will describe the chain of steps that, starting from raw data, allows the measurement of the shower size by the ARGO-YBJ detector. Moreover, the effects of the environmental parameters and the stability of the analog readout are presented. Our first results on the high density shower selection will be also presented.


AIM To investigate the influence of CYP3A5* 3 and MDR1 C1236 T,G2677T/A and C3435 T genotypes on tacrolimus( TAC) pharmacokinetics in Chinese liver transplant recipients. METHODS The blood samples of 28 patients were collected after 1 week and 3 weeks therapy of TAC after liver transplantation. The TAC concentration in whole blood was measured by LC-MS / MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing were used for CYP3A5* 3 and MDR1 genotyping in 28 patients. RESULTS The dose- and weight-adjusted peak concentration( ρmax) and area under the concentration-time curve( AUC0→t) were significantly higher in patients carrying MDR1 3435 T allele than 3435 CC patients. CYP3A5* 3,MDR1 C1236 T and G2677 T / A genotypes did not affect TAC pharmacokinetic parameters. CONCLUSION Liver transplant recipients with MDR1 3435 CC may require higher dose of TAC than 3435 T carriers.


Seam strength is a key factor both in terms of aesthetics and the life of the apparel. There are many factors affecting
seam strength, some of which are relevant to fabric construction and treatment, and the others are about sewing thread
and sewing parameters. This research paper focuses on the effects of fabric construction, sewing parameters and the
dyeing process on the seam strength of knitted fabrics. For this purpose, seven single jersey knitted fabrics were
produced, differing in loop length and yarn twist. The samples were dyed and then sewn with different sewing
parameters. The seam strength values were calculated and statistically evaluated. The results showed that fabric
construction, sewing thread type and count, stitch density and dyeing process profoundly influence the seam strength
of single jersey fabrics. When comparing the effects of dyeing, it was found that dyeing leads to a decrease in seam
strength values


This article aims to identify the degree of the effect of factors affecting the human resource development in telecommunication of Ho Chi Minh city. The factors identified in the proposed research model include: recruitment, training and career development, working environment and remuneration policy. The article mainly uses quantitative research methods with tools such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as well as Structural equation modeling SEM. The results of CFA confirmatory factor model analysis and SEM linear structure with 500 data show the appropriateness of the research factor model. From that, a number of appropriate policy implications are proposed for human resource development in telecommunication enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC).


Synthesis of  novel 5-[2- aminoquinazolin-4-one-3-yl]-2- phthalimidomethylthiadiazole    2 from  5-[2-ethoxyquinazolin-4-one-3-yl]-2-phthalamidomethylthiadiazole.  The  behavior of  as a nitrogen nucleophile towards an ±-hydroxy-aldehyde,  such as glucose and formation of Amadori  rearrangement product (ARP) that has had occurred during the course of reaction was discussed. Keywords: N -Glycosides, ± -bromoglucose,  Amadori rearrangement, quinazolinone


Supportive disclosure experiences benefit the well-being of those with concealable stigmatized identities (CSIs). The present research examines relationships between discloser's disclosure directness, recipient's response engagement, feelings of identity support, and disclosure response satisfaction. Across several correlational and experimental studies, direct disclosures (i.e., those referencing the CSI more explicitly) were met with more engaged recipient responses (e.g., verbal discussion of CSIs). Moreover, more engaged recipient responses were evaluated by disclosers as more supportive/validating and satisfying. To isolate the effects of disclosure directness, we explored and controlled for other disclosure factors including closeness to recipient and discloser outness. This work fills a current literature gap regarding how disclosure and response styles may promote positive disclosure experiences for those with varied CSIs.


The generator coordinate method begins with the variational construction of a set of non-orthogonal meanfield states that span a subspace of the full many-body Hilbert space. These states are then often projected onto states with good quantum numbers to restore symmetries, leading to a set with members that can be similar to one another, and it is sometimes possible to reduce this set without greatly affecting results. Here we propose a greedy algorithm that we call the energy-transition-orthogonality procedure (ENTROP) to select subsets of important states. As applied here, the approach selects on the basis of diagonal energy, orthogonality, and contribution to the matrix element that governs neutrinoless double-β. We present both shell-model and preliminary ab initio calculations of this matrix element for the decay of 76Ge, with quadrupole deformation parameters and the isoscalar pairing strength as generator coordinates. ENTROP converges quickly, significantly reducing the number of basis states needed for an accurate calculation.


Nerve damage that occurs in people with diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy. This condition is a complication of diabetes and results from chronically high blood glucose. It is one of the most frustrating and debilitating complications of diabetes because of the pain, discomfort and disability. Usually more than 50% of patients with duration of diabetes of 25 years or more are affected, making it as one of the most common disease of the nervous system. One of the largest published series reported a prevalence of 7.5% even at the time of diagnosis of diabetes. Some patients find some relief from neuropathy by keeping blood sugars as closely controlled as possible, getting regular exercise and keeping their weight under control. Surprisingly, clinicians have also found that certain antidepressants may be helpful and can take the edge off the pain of neuropathy. To diagnose diabetic neuropathy, the foot and ankle surgeon will obtain the patient's history of symptoms and will perform simple tests on the feet and legs which include assessment of the patient's reflexes, ability to feel light touch, and ability to feel vibration. The mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic neuropathy include changes in the blood vessels that supply the peripheral nerves; metabolic disorders, such as the enhanced activation of the polyol pathway; myo-inositol depletion; and increased non-enzymatic glycation. Treatment includes the most effective antidepressants as tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and serotonin nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Clinical studies of diabetic neuropathy indicate that the first line treatment should be tricyclic antidepressants, which are followed by anticonvulsants and then opioids. In this review, we will discuss on diabetic neuropathy and its current treatment strategies


Nearly everyone who purchases a product that offers a mail-in rebate intends to redeem the rebate. Yet most consumers, including those who purchased the product because of the mail-in rebate, never submit the materials required to receive their rebates. Thus, prominent legal scholars propose requiring rebate offers to disclose actual redemption rates. The idea, of course, is that such disclosures will improve consumers' purchase decisions by causing consumers to realize that they too are unlikely to redeem rebates. But is this what would really happen? We report the results of a controlled experiment that examines the effects of such disclosures on U.S. consumers. Surprisingly, we find that these disclosures backfire, increasing rather than decreasing consumers' willingness to purchase rebated products. We discuss how our experimental results inform both the rebate debate and the more general debate about the likely success of other non-restrictive legal interventions.


In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. Clinicians and forensic psychologists are two types of psychologists who are often required to appear as witnesses in court proceedings. Their roles, duties, and responsibilities in legal issues arc surprisingly different, but it is possible for them to overlap. It is important for psychologists to recognize both the obligations and limitations of their responsibilities when testifying. An important and often unclear question that generally arises is: how can psychologists best fulfill their legal and ethical duties to their clients? This article is available in Undergraduate Review: a Journal of Undergraduate Student Research: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur/vol5/ iss1/4 The Different Duties and Responsibilities of Clinical and Forensic Psychologists in Legal Proceedings by Denise R. Hugaboom Clinicians and forensic psychologists are two types of psychologists who are often required to appear as witnesses in court proceedings. Their roles, duties, and responsibilities in legal issues arc surprisingly different, but it is possible for them to overlap. It is important for psychologists to recogrnze both the obligations and limitations of their responsibilities when testifying. An important and often unclear question that generally arises is: how can psychologists best fulfill their legal and ethical duties to their clients? Clinical psychologists play an important role in legal issues regarding their clients. Clinicians may be asked to submit records to insurance companies, report suspected incidents of child abuse, and testify on behalf of or against their clients in a court of law. Unfortunately, when asked or required to participate in legal proceedings of any sort, clinicians are faced with indistinct guidelines that blur between legal and ethical requirements. One of the primary requirements of a practicing clinician is to maintain confidentiality with a client (American Psychological Association 1992). Once a client discloses private infonnation to a therapist in an environment in which it is expected that the information will not ordinarily be disclosed to third parties, it becomes confidential (Smith-Bell & Winslade, 1994). The laws regarding confidentiality and privacy have changed over time. The constitutional right to privacy was first recognized by the Supreme Court in Griswold v. Connecticut, ( 1965) and in Eisenstad/t v. Barrd (1972). However, the constitutional rights to privacy 26 were restricted in Whalen v. Roe (1976). In this case, the Court ruled that a patient does not have a constitutional right to informational privacy of communications or records generated in the course of medical treatment when the records are adequately protected from unauthorized disclosure (Smith-Bell & Winslade, 1994). There are only I 0 states which have recognized a constitutionally based psychotherapistpatient privilege for psychotherapeutic communications, and the decisions that were made in those states are now at least 15 to 20 years old (Smith-Bell & Winslade, 1994, citing Smith, 1980, citing Bremer v. State, 1973). It is reassuring to know that with these ambiguous lines that border legal rights and ethical requirements, there are some particular cases in which the decision between right and wrong is defined as clearly as black and white. There are times when legally and ethically, a clinician must break confidentiality. Corey (2001) lays out several circumstances in which counselors must legally report certain information. Counselors are required to break confidentiality and report or even testify when clients pose a danger to themselves or others, and when a counselor believes that a minor (a person under the age of 16) is a victim of rape, incest, or abuse. They are also required to release their records to a third party upon request of the client. Finally, therapists must release certain information if it becomes an issue in court action. Besides these specific situations, a clinical therapist is legally required to testify to all other psychotherapeutic communications unless that material has the status of being privileged. Refusal to do so m


Two parameters and one index have been developed to study the Il1stabiiity in the pre-stom;, environment. One parameter (y) and index (P) incorporate the effect of thermodynamic and shear environment and emphasize the impact of the lower atmosphere from the surface to the level of free convection (LFC). The other parameter (M) takes into account the role of vertical variation of mixing ratio in the assessment of pre-storm instability. These have been tested with continuous 64 sets of radiosonde observations taken during May 1988 at and Jlfound 6-h intervals over DumDum (22.38"N, 88.28°£), Calcutta, during pre-monsoon period. These two parameters and the index calculated at a particular time give good information about the pre-storm instability within the next six hours of the time of observation at and around 25 km of DumDum. Finally the results have been verified for both clear and thunderstorm days in.the pre-monsoon period for 1987 and it has been found that out of 142 radiosonde observations, only six cases have failed to assess the actual situation.


Endometriosis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic inflammatory disorders that have etiologies that remain poorly understood but may be correlated, as endometriosis has been associated with other inflammatory disorders. We investigated the bi-directional associations between laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis, and physician-diagnosed psoriasis and PsA in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort (n=116,429 aged 25-42 years in 1989). During 22 years of follow-up (1991-2013), 4,112 incident cases of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis (mean age at diagnosis=40.3 years) and 697 validated physician-diagnosed cases of psoriasis (mean age at diagnosis=43.6 years), 110 of whom had concomitant PsA, were confirmed. A history of psoriasis with concomitant PsA was associated with a 2-fold higher risk of endometriosis (HR=2.01, 95% CI=1.23-3.30), however no association was observed between psoriasis without PsA and endometriosis risk (HR=0.93, 95% CI=0.68-1.26). When endometriosis was the exposure, it was not associated with a risk of subsequent psoriasis (HR=1.28, 95% CI=0.95-1.72). The risk of psoriasis with PsA was notably higher, however the sample size was small with wide confidence intervals (HR=1.77, 95% CI=0.89-3.52). Our findings suggest that psoriasis with concomitant PsA is associated with greater risk of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis. In addition, there was a suggestive association between endometriosis diagnosis and subsequent risk of psoriasis with PsA.


Specific values of D–D strain‐induced (elastic) interaction energy are used to analyze the unusual structure of the ordered solid solution Lu–D. Formation of the chains of interstitial atoms is due to both electronic and elastic interaction of the interstitials. At the same time, the main reason for the chain‐pair formation is the strain‐induced long‐range elastic interaction. Pairs of chains in antiphase are more advantageous than pairs of chains in phase from energy considerations. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Atomic level structures have been determined for the soluble forms of several colicins and toxins, but the structural changes that occur after membrane binding have not been well characterized. Changes occurring in the transition from the soluble to membrane-bound state of the C-terminal 190-residue channel polypeptide of colicin E1 (P190) bound to anionic membranes are described. In the membrane-bound state, the a-helical content increases from 60–64% to 80–90%, with a concomitant increase in the average length of the helical segments from 12 to 16 or 17 residues, close to the length required to span the membrane bilayer in the open channel state. The average distance between helical segments is increased and interhelix interactions are weakened, as shown by a major loss of tertiary structure interactions, decreased efficiency of fluorescence resonance energy transfer from an energy donor on helix V of P190 to an acceptor on helix IX, and decreased resonance energy transfer at higher temperatures, not observed in soluble P190, implying freedom of motion of helical segments. Weaker interactions are also shown by a calorimetric thermal transition of low cooperativity, and the extended nature of the helical array is shown by a 3to 4-fold increase in the average area subtended per molecule to 4,200 Å2 on the membrane surface. The latter, with analysis of the heat capacity changes, implies the absence of a developed hydrophobic core in the membrane-bound P190. The membrane interfacial layer thus serves to promote formation of a highly helical extended two-dimensional flexible net. The properties of the membrane-bound state of the colicin channel domain (i.e., hydrophobic anchor, lengthened and loosely coupled a-helices, and close association with the membrane interfacial layer) are plausible structural features for the state that is a prerequisite for voltage gating, formation of transmembrane helices, and channel opening. The transition of proteins and peptides from a soluble to a membrane bound state is central to organelle and cellular protein import as well as to the inhibitory and lethal action of toxins and colicins. The characterization of structural changes occurring during this transition not only is key to our understanding of the mode of action for these proteins but also provides insight into the mechanisms by which membrane– protein interactions affect protein structure. Channel-forming colicins provide an excellent system with which to investigate structural changes in a membrane active protein. The bactericidal colicin E1 belongs to a group of colicins whose cytotoxicity is associated with formation of a voltagedependent ion channel (1–3) that results in cellular deenergization and depletion of the intracellular potassium pool (4). These colicins are highly soluble in aqueous solution but are able to bind to and insert into membranes without disruption of bilayer integrity. Channel-forming colicins contain three domains associated with functions necessary for channel formation. Binding to the cytoplasmic membrane and channel formation are functions of the C-terminal domain (4). The structure of a 190-residue C-terminal channel polypeptide, P190, has been solved to atomic resolution and found to consist of 10 a-helices (5). This structure is very similar to that determined previously for the channel domain of colicin A (6) and of colicin Ia seen in the structure of the whole molecule (7). It is similar to the pore-forming domain of diphtheria (8) and other toxins such as insecticidal d-toxin (9). Furthermore, its three-dimensional structure is similar to that of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL (10). This suggests that structural changes observed for the colicins after membrane binding are relevant to a variety of other proteins. Formation of the colicin channel, as shown in studies with colicin Ia, involves the voltage-mediated translocation of several helical segments of the membrane-bound channel domain across the membrane bilayer (11). To understand the mechanism of the voltage-dependent gating and protein insertion into the membrane, it is necessary to extend the structural analysis of the colicin system beyond the soluble proteins to the membrane-bound state. Previous studies have contributed to a detailed understanding of the energetics of colicin–membrane interaction (12, 13), which are better understood than for the toxins and antiapoptotic proteins. Binding of the channel domain to lipid vesicles involves an initial electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polypeptide and the negatively charged membrane surface followed by a rapid transition to nonelectrostatic binding (12, 13). From the P190 structure, it has been proposed that the charged docking face is formed by helices III–VII and IV–VI and that the transition from electrostatic to nonelectrostatic binding occurs when hydrophobic interactions between these helical segments are replaced by nonpolar interactions between the helices and the membrane surface (5). However, the structural changes that occur on membrane binding have not been defined. Earlier studies that showed a loss of native tertiary structure of soluble C-terminal colicin A (14, 15) or E1 (16) channel polypeptides, along with conservation of their secondary structure at acidic pH (,4.0), suggested the presence of a ''molten globule'' (10) intermediate. In the present study, using both CD and infrared analysis, it was not possible to detect such an intermediate, but from spectroscopic, biosensor, fluorescence, and calorimetric analysis, the soluble channel domain forms a highly helical, extended, and two-dimensional (2D) flexible net in the membrane interfacial region. Implications of this structural state for the biological function of colicins and other membrane-active proteins are discussed. The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked ''advertisement'' in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. © 1998 by The National Academy of Sciences 0027-8424y98y954282-6$2.00y0 PNAS is available online at http:yywww.pnas.org. Abbreviations: DOPC and DOPG, 1,2-dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine and -phosphatidylglycerol, respectively; IAEDANS, 5-(2-iodoacetyl)aminoethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid; P190s and P190m, soluble and membrane-bound P190, respectively; FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer; 2D, two-dimensional. ¶To whom reprint requests should be addressed. e-mail: wac@bilbo. bio.purdue.edu.


As various building materials have been developed, the combination of materials that make up the building elements has also increased exponentially. The materials making up the elements of the building will affect the performance of the building and the LCC. In order to improve the value of buildings in Korea, value engineering has been mandated in public construction projects with a project cost of over 10 billion won since 2000. The value index for systems (materials, elements, facilities, etc.) constituting buildings is calculated. However, the method for calculating the value index has not yet been normalized. The performance evaluation of the building systems (materials, elements, facilities, etc.) used in the current work and the method of calculating the value index for converting the LCC into a grade may vary depending on how the range of the grade is set. Even if the objects being evaluated are the same, there arises a problem that the results change depending on the value evaluation method. Therefore, this study tried to develop a value evaluation method that could draw consistent value evaluation results. For this purpose, this study presents a cost-effectiveness analysis model for the physical performance of the building elements and the value evaluation of LCC. Since the various physical performances of the building elements have different properties, normalization is required for comparison of physical performance values. In order to normalize the LCC and the 14 different physical performances of the building elements, a numerical model was designed using a linear transformation method and a vector normalization method. The cost-effectiveness analysis model proposed in this study was applied to two types of floor elements applicable to apartments in Korea, in order to evaluate the value and verify the consistency of this study's model. The cost-effectiveness analysis model proposed in this study can help to derive reliable results when it comes to value evaluation for various existing building element compositions.


Thomas Otis, Superintendent Richard Gardill, Business Manager/Board Secretary George Knisely, High School Principal Richard Shimer, Assistant High School Principal David Goodin, Middle School Principal Michael Zinobile, Assistant Middle School Principal Kenneth Grace, Director of Elementary Education Ryan Lehman, Supervisor of Special Education Richard Fisher, Co-Athletic Director Charles Corle, Supervisor of Building and Grounds Mary Lou Livingston, Acting Food Service Director Attorney Gordon Stroup, Solicitor Karen Dively, Secretary to the Business Manager/Board Secretary Marjorie Sweet James Claycomb Jane Beegle Beverly Gratis Barbarba Carrodus Allison Bourg, Bedford Gazette reporter Melissa McDonald


In South Andes lakes, zooplankton succession is characterized by a change in the domin- ance from the calanoid copepod Boeckella gradlipes in winter and spring, to the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris in midsummer, and the rotifer Polyarthra vulgaris in late summer. We performed three series of field experiments at different times (late spring, summer and late summer) to examine the role of zooplankton constitution in the released nitrogen:phosphorus (N:P) ratio. We observed that changes in the zooplankton constitution over the annual cycle may change the nutrient supply ratio. In South Andes lakes, Boeckella gradlipes would decrease the P limitation, lowering the N:P ratio, whereas Bosmina longirostris tends to increase the N:P ratio and therefore increase the P limitation during summer.


We numerically report on the dynamics of intra-core non-linear effects in 1.12 Tbit/s super-channel flex-coherent transmission over 640 km multi-core fiber link. The system is evaluated with DP-QPSK and DP-16QAM modulations co-propagating.


Encouragement from parents to get their children to get married often creates conflicts. This study analyzes interpersonal communication which is used as an effort to resolve conflicts. Qualitative methods are used to answer research questions with a phenomenological approach. The results obtained by parents often encourage their children who are old enough to get married. Conflicts between parents and children often occur when the child doesn't feel like getting married, while the parents for several reasons want their child to get married soon. The interpersonal communication built by parents and children can be a way to resolve conflicts that occur. Openness and listening are the keys to the communication process between parents and children. This study concludes that the conflict between parents and children regarding the urge to marry must be resolved using interpersonal communication.


" SUMMARY This work attemps to analyze in depth scientific attitudes and their relationship with scientific knowledge in Physics, in students of Science in a Teacher Training School. The influence of sex and the differences with a sample of American students are considered in detail.


Abstract The weak interaction energy of H2 dimer is studied by double symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) within second-order of intermolecular and intramonomer perturbation for molecular simulations. The assumed orientations of H2 dimer are linear, parallel, T type and X type. Among four orientations T orientation is the most stable, while linear orientation is the most repulsive. The second-order dispersion energy E disp (2) is the most attractive contribution in all orientations. The interaction energy has the anisotropy, so we expressed our total interaction energy by the spherical expansion to compare with the experimental value. The isotropic interaction energy is about 85% of the experimental value.


Abstract The deployment of high-altitude vehicles in near space with the purpose of providing Internet, communication, and other services represents the new frontier of aerospace activities. Near-space operations are attracting growing interest due to their mult-purpose nature and their anticipated high profitability. Despite such positive perceptions, near-space plans are, however, hampered by the uncertain international legal status of near space. Using the precedent of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), this article suggests a new categorization of the near space as the exclusive utilization space (EUS) and a set of rules to manage its utilization.


Cases of duress in contract law are few and far between. Most are concerned with
improper threats or taking advantage of a weaker party to procure a contract rather than with
actual physical threats of the "[y]our money or your life" variety, which are more likely to
be controlled by the criminal law.
 A recent decision on a preliminary issue of law in
relation to duress in the English Court of Appeal answered an interesting question that
appears never to have been raised in earlier cases about duress, that is, whether rescission
of a contract can be granted where restitution is impossible because one of the parties has
destroyed documents relating to the contract as required by the contract so that they could
not be restored. The trial judge found that rescission could not be granted and that no other
remedy was available in the common law for duress,
 but the Court of Appeal reversed that
finding by assimilating the fact situation with those in which equity has done "practical
justice," thereby further fusing the common law and equity relating to duress and undue
influence, and possibly also fraud as well.
 The facts of this highly complex case, which also
involved conflict of laws, mistake, frustration, and uncertainty have yet to be resolved at trial,
but the Court of Appeal entertained two preliminary questions of law, duress, and conflict
of laws before sending the case to trial. This comment is focused on the duress point.


The reduction mechanism of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) and 1,3,5-triphenylformazan was studied by electrochemical, ESR, and spectrophotometric methods. In non-aqueous aprotic solvent, 2,3,5-triphrnyltetrazolium ion was reduced to formazan anion either by two-electron reaction or by disproportionation reaction of tetrazolinyl radical generated by one-electron reduction of TTC. The same formazan anion was generated by one-electron reduction of 1,3,5-triphenylformazan. In the presence of proton donor, the formazan anion was converted to formazan by protonation reaction and cyclic regeneration of formazan was observed in the reduction of formazan. These results indicate that the quantitative determination of reducing materials by using TTC may possibly lead to erroneous evaluation of reductants unless the strength of electron donating property of reductants is established.


Introduction A IR conditioning and refrigeration systems are commonly used in residential applications, commercial buildings, motor vehicles, and factories. One of the key elements in the systems is the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is an important component that should be specifically designed to achieve maximum efficiencies. Generally, the heat exchangers comprise straight tubes and connecting u-bends. The refrigerants can be either evaporated or condensed inside or outside the tubing. It is not possible to understand twophase heat transfer and frictional phenomena without a clear understanding of the flow patterns encountered. The ability to predict the type of flow accurately is necessary before relevant calculation techniques can be developed. Considerable efforts associated with heat transfer/friction/two-phase flow patterns were made for straight tubes for the past several decades. Some recent studies relevant to two-phase flow patterns in small circular tubes include those of Mishima and Hibiki,1 Yang and Shieh,2 and Kawahara et al.3 By contrast, relatively few studies are related to the connection u-bends. Notice that the main purpose of the connection u-bends is generally for directing working refrigerants and to save space. The flow phenomena can be dramatically altered with the presence of u-bends. Hence, it is very crucial to understand their influence on two-phase flow characteristics across u-bends. The most productive studies have been continuously carried out by the following researchers: Mandal and Das,4 Azzi et al.,5 Chen et al.,6 Wang et al.,7,8 and Chen et al.9 However, note that the u-bends from all of the experimental investigations are placed horizontally. In the present study, the main concern is to obtain and to clarify the characteristics of flow patterns in u-bend tube set vertically. The effects of flow direction, diameter of the tube, and the bending ratio are presented.


The characterization of the charge carrier transport in disordered fullerene films, grown by physical vapor deposition, is important for organic electronics in order to improve carrier mobility and understand transport processes. In this contribution, the electron mobility in the bulk of the fullerene film and at the interface with dielectrics are compared. The bulk mobility is measured in diode structures using the Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage (CELIV) technique, which allows a simultaneous study of the electric field, concentration and temperature dependence. The interface mobility is determined using organic field effect transistor (OFET) geometry. The electron mobility values are lower and the dependence on carrier density, field and temperature is stronger in diodes compared to OFETs. In both structures different temperature dependence of the mobility on the carrier concentration and on the electric field is obtained. The dependence shows Meyer–Neldel rule (MN‐rule) behavior with similar MN temperatures and MN energies. Activation energy for electron transport plotted as a function of the square root of electric field is linear (Gill's law behavior), in accordance with Poole–Frenkel‐type charge carrier transport.


Traditionally one of the biggest challenges with light-based treatment modalities such as photodynamic therapy or different tumor ablation techniques is to determine how much light should be applied to the tissue and how that will be distributed to activate a bio-photonic process or a drug. Different tools have been developed to model light distribution in tissue, but this has not solved the problem of how to know what happens in the tissue during the treatment. Modulight has assessed this problem and developed a state-of-the-art laser platform with real-time treatment monitoring capability. Modulight ML7710i platform enables illumination and detection with up to eight illumination channels on same or different wavelength(s). Spectral measurements can be measured and collected with the same fibers that are used for illumination which is minimally invasive and eliminates the need for complicated measurement set-ups with moving fibers around in the tumor tissue or having separate monitoring probes. The system also is connected to cloud making treatment planning, data collection and analysis easy and reliable enabling machine learning and AI based medicine in the future. ML7710i type of medical device makes it possible not only to measure the light intensity at tumor margins but also monitor the progress of the treatment by measuring photosensitizer photobleaching, drug release or activation of multimodal drugs. Photobleaching monitoring with ML7710i is currently utilized in 5-ALA mediated clinical trials for glioblastoma and the data looks very promising. In addition, also drug release from novel light activated nanoparticles or other drug carriers can be effectively monitored for pharmaceuticals that possess fluorescent potential or carry fluorescence labels.


Today, tourism and rural tourism in particular is a global phenomenon range from the development of new technology innovations. Tourism as a factor in the development of what has changed, factors such as increased income, welfare, more leisure time and improved communication. In addition, the role and function of the industry to increase the well-being of communities, meet the economic and social disparities, eliminating gender disparities, and is so important That governments, particularly developed countries to pay special attention to tourism The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of psychological capital in strengthening rural entrepreneurship in Pars Abad Couny. This research is an explanatory analytical method applied by the survey. Rural Touris and ordinary Rurals (non-tourist) of Pars Abad county constituted the statistical society. 400 rural tourist and ordinary Rurals (200 Tourisat Rural and 200 non-tourist Rural) were selected using simple random sampling. Validity of the questionnaires was approved by a panel of experts.Pilot study in the same population was done by 60 questionnaires, and the data obtained and by the use of special formula Cronbach alpha in SPSS software, the reliability of the questionnaires was 0/90 The statistical society consisted of all rural tourist of province 200 people. Spearman correlation test results showed that there is significant and positive relationship between all research variables and strengthening of touism development. In multiple regression analysis, the all variables of resiliency explain 0/87 percent of the Changes of Variable of strengthening entrepreneurship. Finally, according to the analysis of results, practical recommendations have been presented. Finally, according to the results of research and practical recommendations on the need to strengthen the social welfare of rural tourism attractions offered.

Keywords: Tourism, Rural Tourism,index, Social Welfare index, Pars Abad County


The Player/Stage was used to simulate a robot which explored some place for environmental position information under wireless sensor net circumstances. Java client communicating with simulated Robot via socket worked as a C/S model mapping system. Robot sent the environmental position data back,and the client system processed the data and drew structural map of the spot. The implement of the mapping system is conducive to obstacle avoidance and team formation of multirobot system.


PLA-PEG block polymer was prepared by opening ring polymerization.The effects of the temperature,time of polymerization and the molecular weight of PEG were studied.A series of microspheres were made from PLA-PEG block polymer by emulsification evaporation technique.Effects of the stabilizer,the emulsifier,the molecular weight of copolymer,the speed of stir and the rate of oil/water on the size of microspheres were also disscussed.


ALSI or ALSICU may be used as metal connecting line in semiconductor manufacturing. About 0.5%~1% Si is put in ALSI or ALSICU to prevent ALSI penetration into P-N junction to produce junction spiking. In order to remove the Si residues on wafer's surface,the mechanisms and relative merits of Si residues removal methods used in semiconductor manufacturing industry at present are compared and analyzed,and a new Si residue dry removal method is proposed in this paper. The standardized Si residue removal process was laid down. The standard procedure presented in this paper for removing the Si residue has an extensive guiding function in semiconductor manufacturing industry.


This research is aimed to examine the impact of IOS on cash devidend policy with firm age as moderating variable. Population in this research is the public companies which are listed at Indonesian Stock Exchange year 2006-2011. Sample is determined using purposive sampling technique. All of samples are grouping based on corporate life cycle stages as three big groups are: growth, mature, and decline.Hypothesis is tested for each corporate life cycle stages with moderated regression analisys methode. This research results that on the growth, IOS affect positively towards cash dividend policy. On the other hand, on the mature and decline stage IOS affect positively towards cash dividend policy but not significant. On the growth, mature, and decline stage, has no capability to moderate the relationship between IOS with cash dividend policy. Firm age on the decline stage is independent variable that affect positively significant towards cash dividend policy.


The scientific feasibility of generating fuels (H2, CO, and CH4) from buried magma sources is being examined as part of the Magma Energy Research Project at Sandia Laboratories, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy/Division of Basic Energy Science. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies indicate that fluids containing up to 3 mole % H2 result from the interaction of water with hot basaltic glass or magma. The cumulative H2 potentially recoverable per cubic kilometer of basalt is on the order of 2 trillion g--approximately 20% of the total 1975 United States hydrogen consumption. Addition of organic matter to the injected fluid considerably enhances fuel production and allows fuel generation directly using magma or hot rock as a source of thermal energy only. For example, mixtures containing 10 wt. % cellulose (C6H10O5) form 5 to 15 mole % H2, CO, and CH4 depending on temperature. The properties of hot basaltic rocks and magmas in midocean ridge environments offer the most favorable conditions for magmatic fuel production.


Mr. Yu Xingwu thought that the function word "zhi(止)" in the Book of Songs was the ancient Chinese character "zhi(之)", which was not altered by the Han Dynasty's scholars, and that when it functioned as a demonstrative pronoun or a mood auxiliary at the end of a sentence, its function was equal to that of "zhi(之)". In fact, the demonstrative pronoun "zhi(止)" and the mood auxiliary "zhi(止)" both evolved from the verb "zhi(止)". As a demonstrative pronoun, "zhi(止)" and "zhi(之)" are different words with the same meaning; as a mood auxiliary word, "zhi(止)" corresponds to "yi(矣)." Besides, the form of "zhi(止)" is quite different from that of "zhi(之)", so "zhi(止)" is unlikely to have evolved from "zhi(之)".


Hydropower production involves significant impacts on the dynamics and continuity of river systems. In this paper we analyse the effects of hydropeaks on river-bed particle mobility along a 2-km river channel. For this, a total of four study reaches were stablished: one considered a control reach (no impact by hydropeaking) and three impacted (upstream and downstream from the confluence of tributaries). Mobility related to three hydrological scenarios considered representative of the entire flow conditions in the control and impacted reaches was investigated. Results indicate that sediment availability and dynamics proved different in the control reach to those observed downstream in reaches daily affected by hydropeaks. In the absence of large floods capable of resetting the system from a sedimentary point-of-view, only the role of tributaries during small flow events reduces the effects of hydropeaks on river-bed particles' availability and mobility. The effects of a hydropeaked regime are not observed for the whole spectrum of grain-sizes present in the river-bed. While the structural large elements (i.e., boulders) in the channel do not move, sand and fine gravel stored in patches of the bed are constantly entrained, transported and depleted whereas, in between, medium and large gravel are progressively winnowed. Our results point out that hydropeaked flows, which are generally not considered as disturbances in geomorphic terms, initiate frequent episodes of (selected) bed mobility and, consequently, the river-bed becomes depleted of fine sediments from patches and progressively lacks other fractions such as medium gravels, all of which are highly relevant from the ecological point of view.


Taking the smoothly continuous road center-line segments as the basic analysis unit of road network topology,the topologies of twelve urban road networks in China were abstracted with the dual approach,then the complex network characteristics of these urban road networks have been uncovered through statistic analysis.The conclusions showed that the topologies of these urban road networks in China had the universal properties of the small-world network and scale-free network.


T he United States has embraced a policy of "strategic competition" with China.1 This competition is most acute in East Asia, where Chinese policies directly challenge the United States' long-standing strategic primacy. China has primed its rapid military modernization to disrupt and deter U.S. forces and has used coercive force to assert territorial revisionism in the South China Sea. But the competition spans multiple regions and dimensions. China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) seeks to build Chinese influence across the entire Eurasian landmass and adjacent waters, often at a cost to U.S. interests. Washington has denounced BRI as a "predatory" program that builds influence through corrupt and secretive "debt trap" deals.2 But alongside its economic edifice, BRI is also freighted with strategic implications. The new trade and infrastructure deals will increase Chinese leverage to shape partner nations' preferences, edge out U.S. influence, and expand Chinese military presence.3 South Asia illustrates these political-military dimensions of BRI. China is cultivating an increasingly dependent ally in Pakistan and building a sprawling military presence across the Indian Ocean region, while India and its partners scramble to mount a counterbalance. This essay outlines the implications of these dynamics for U.S. policy. It shows, first, how BRI in South Asia threatens U.S. strategic interests and how the United States is responding through new partnerships with India and other countries. The essay concludes by discussing some recommended principles for the future of U.S. policy in the Indo-Pacific.


Wastewater treatment is a very crucial nowadays due to the increased of world
population and the increased of clean water pollution around the world. To make
matter worst people keep using the clean water with careless and wasting it. Thus,
wastewater treatment is very crucial in maintaining the existence of clean water.
With wastewater treatment water usage in external used can be converted by using
the treated water. Example of external usage of water is car washing, garden
irrigation, toilet flushing, and laundry. These external usages took large sum of
percentage in daily water consumption. However, to construct a wastewater
treatment, some research and experiments need to be done because Malaysia has not
been exposed with this technology. The research can be done by observing the
countries that have applying this technology such as Germany, Australia,
Netherlands, and Middle East. The research can be guidelines to construct the
system in Malaysia. The system construction started with construction the
wastewater harvesting system in test site. Then, some samples will be taken from
the wastewater that is collected. After that, the samples will undergo pH and
temperature testing to determine whether the treatment done was successful or not.
The lower the pH and temperature value from the original value, the better the
treatment testing done. Then, clear test was done to do visual comparison between
the sample before and after wastewater treatment. The data collected then were
analyzed and group into suitable graph to show the outcome of the treatment. The
results were discussed and some recommendations stated to improve the project in
the future.


Liquid-solid interface distortion in the region of primary dendrite tips has been investigated in directionally solidified Pb-8 wt pct Au alloy. The distortions are caused by thermosolutal convection despite choice of growth conditions which should have been thermally and solutally stabilizing. The convection produces clustering of primary dendrites on a plane perpendicular to the growth direction. It produces a mushy zone, where the primary dendrites do not protrude with a uniform length, across the specimen cross section, resulting in large macrosegregation in the transverse direction. However, little macrosegregation is observed along the growth direction. The mushy zone, with uneven dendrite lengths, forms in the beginning of directional solidification. Its shape and dendrite distribution do not show much change during subsequent solidification. Tip morphologies of primary dendrites, within the dendrite clusters, appear to follow the morphological stability relationship.


In huge area contrast experiment,the effect of rice straw treaded by different methods return to field on the growth and yield of rice and soil fertility was studied.The results showed that rice straw return to field could increase yield of rice among all treatments, the yield increments ranged between 2.7% and 10.6% . The optimum formulation with the highest yield was rice straw 500kg/667m2+14 kg/667m2 ammonium bicarbonate+20kg calcium carbonate per mu, the yield attained 553.4 kg/667m2, and increased 10.6% than the control, the second was 250kg/667m2+14 kg ammonium bicarbonate per mu, its yield was 547.8 kg, and increased 9.5% than the control, The optimum formulation with the lowest yield was rice straw500kg/667m2+6 kg/667m2ammonium bicarbonate, the increasing rate of output was 2.7%. Plant height of every treatment was similar during the same period. The resistance of treatment four on rice blast, rice brown spot and bowning ear of grain was improved obviously, the incidence rate of rice blast decreased by 20%, the ability of resistant to lodging and premature senescence was improved significantly. With the increase of crop-residue incorporation, grain number per spike and the shriveled seed percentage presented an increasing trend, but thousand kernel weight had a descreasing trend. And significant positive correlation was observed between the application rate of ammonium bicarbonate and yield of rice, the correlation coefficient was 1.The yield of rice treated by treatment four increased 18.3kg than that of treatment three, and the increasing rate of yield was 3.4%.


283 records of all Wellington New Zealand Hospital patients categorized as having had a septic abortion from 1960 to 1979 were retrieved and reviewed; 7 records could not be found. Morbidity was assessed by duration of hospital stay and the incidence of complications. Septicemia was defined by a positive blood culture rigors. Hypotension was assumed to be due to hemorrhage unless endotoxic shock was positively identified. Significant hemorrhage was also diagnosed if a blood transfusion was required. The annual number of admissions for septic abortion over the 20-year period decreased substantially: 203 cases from 1960 to 1969 and 80 cases from 1970 to 1979. The total number of abortion admissions of all types also decreased over the same period. During this period the total number of births in Wellington public hospitals initially increased and then declined suggesting some degree of independence between total abortions and birthrate. The peak of total abortions in 1978-79 represents the initial increase in hospital therapeutic abortions under the Contraception Sterilization and Abortion Act 1977. The gestational age at the time of septic abortion ranged from 7 to 26 weeks. The mean gestation by year ranged from 8.6 to 15 weeks. No trend was obvious. The mean duration of hospital stay declined e.g. 7.3 7.6 6.0 and 5.3 days in successive 5-year periods. Morbidity was greater during the 1st decade but there were 2 patients who in 1974 and 1975 stayed 23 and 28 days respectively. Septicemia patients numbered 39 (35%) in the first 5 years and fell successively to 31 (33%) 17 (36%) and 6 (17%) in each succeeding 5-year period. A similar trend was noted for significant hemorrhage: 38 (34.5%) 39 (42%) 13 (28%) and 3 (8.5%) between 1975 and 1979. Only maternal death due to septic abortion occurred in 1960. The patient was noted to be fairly "feebl minded" and the diagnosis was delayed because she hid her symptoms. She went into acute renal failure fitted then collapsed and died quite suddenly. The Wellington admissions for septic abortion represented 1 in 16 of the New Zealand total in 1965 and 1 in 28 in 1979. It would seem that the trend of decreased septic abortion admissions in Wellington is a mirror of the national trend.


The laboratory-scale anaerobic ammonia oxidation bioreactor (SBR) was successfully started up for the first time with the mixture of aerobic activated sludge and anaerobic activated sludge as inocula. In this paper were studied the factors affecting Anammox under low carbon. With the increases of pH (6.5~9.0)and temperature (10~35℃), Anammox reaction speed is to fall after rising under this experimental condition.As to Anammox bioreactor, the optimal condition of reactive control were as follows: pH value about 7.55, temperature about 31℃, C/N ratio about 2.


Abstract A model has been developed to predict whether the development of acidity is feasible within actively corroding sites on spent nuclear fuel (UO2) surfaces inside a failed nuclear waste container. The model simulations demonstrate that the build-up of acidity is possible within flaws and pores in a corroded UO2 surface, providing the separation of anodes and cathodes occurs. The extent to which the pH can be depressed is determined by the dissolution rate of the fuel, the dimensions of the defect, the local redox conditions which determine the corrosion potential, and the fraction of the fuel surface that is reactive. Based on the anticipated redox conditions established radiolytically in a failed container it is shown that a suppression of the pH sufficient to accelerate dissolution (pH≤5) is very unlikely.


Abstract Abstract State Machines (ASMs) have been successfully applied for modeling critical and complex systems in a wide range of application domains. However, unlike other well-known formalisms, e.g. Petri nets, ASMs lack inherent, domain-independent characterisations of computationally important properties. Here, we provide an ASM-based characterisation of the starvation-free property. The classic, informal notion of starvation, usually provided in literature, is analysed and expressed as a necessary condition in terms of ASMs. Thus, we enrich the ASM framework with the notion of vulnerable rule as a practical tool for analysing starvation issues in an operational fashion.


Board game is a kind of game which the students are given some words and
they need to write the correct pattern and make sentences using the words on the card.
Board game is one of the techniques that used to improve student"s grammar ability in
making sentences. The advantages of this technique are the students can enjoy and
actively involved in learning grammar. This research is aimed to improve the students"
grammar mastery through Board game. This research analyzes how the procedure of the
use of Board game to improve the students" grammar mastery, whether the use of Board
game can improve the students" grammar mastery, and how far the implementation of
the students" grammar mastery of students of the eight grade of SMPN 1 Bergas 2015
through Board game. This research was conducted in SMPN 1 Bergas, Jl. Ngobo
Karangjati, Bergas 50552. Thirty three students of the eight grade of SMPN 1 Bergas
2015 were instructed through Board game to improve their grammar. The research
methodology in this research is used Classroom Action Research (CAR). There were
three cycles and every cycle include of two meeting to give the students more
opportunities to improve their understanding about grammar. The results show that the
students" grammar mastery improves significantly. The T-calculation results shows that
the T-calculation of cycle I is 5, 1, cycle II is 8, 3 and cycle III is 6, 5. It means that
using board game can improve students" grammar mastery.


The invention discloses a device for article transferring. The device for article transferring comprises a support, two supporting units, a supporting plate and a driving unit. Each supporting unit comprises a rotary shaft and a connecting piece, wherein the rotary shaft is rotatably installed on the support, one end of the connecting piece is connected with the rotary shaft, and the other end of the connecting piece is rotatably connected with the supporting plate. The rotary shafts in the two supporting units are arranged in parallel. The connecting pieces in the two supporting units are arranged in parallel. The driving unit is in transmission connection with the rotary shafts in the two supporting units so as to drive the rotary shafts in the two supporting units to rotate synchronously. The device for article transferring is simple in structure and convenient to use.


This paper analyzes some criteria given by scholars in Costa Rica on student performance at the "Bachillerato", the standard national test required to conclude High School education in Costa Rica. Also a proposal made by the Minister to Education at the beginning of 2004 is analyzed and, to this end, a comparison is made between results in these tests during 1999-2003 in order to establish conclusions.


Sex chromosomes are part of the gender determination system of many organisms. They are common in animals and rare in plants. There are many forms of sex de termination. Gender may be deter mined genetically or in response to environmental cues such as tempera ture or social circumstance. Genetic sex determination is typically ex pressed in the developing zygote but can also be mediated maternally, with some females producing only daughters and others only sons. Zygotic sex determination has ~ many forms. In bees, ants, and wasps fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. In the guppy, and many other fish, in vertebrates, and plants, gender is determined by the presence or ab sence of a sex determining gene (G, or a cluster of tightly linked genes); Gg is male and gg female. The het erozygous (i.e., heterogametic) sex can be female or male, depending on the species. Gender can also be de termined by specialized sex chromo somes (X and Y). In mammals, fe males are XX and males are XY; in birds, females are XY (sometimes designated ZW) and males are XX (sometimes designated ZZ); and in nematodes, females are XX and males are XO, in which ° denotes the absence of a homologous chro mosome. More than two sex chro mosomes are found in some species,


Review(s) of: Welcome to the Dreamhouse: Popular Media and Postwar Suburbs, by Spigel, Lynn, Duke University Press, Durham, NC, 2001, ISBN 0 8223 2696 5, 426 pp. Distributor: East West Export Books.


The thermodynamic stability constants of the complexes of pyrophosphate and triphosphate ions with Mg (II), Ca (II) and Sr (IL) are evaluated by the pH titration method. The enthalpy changes associated with the formation of the 1 : 1 complexes at 25°C are determined by a direct calorimetric method or calculated from the variation of the thermodynamic stability constants with temperature. From these values of the themodynamic stability constants and enthalpies, the corresponding entropy changes are calculated. The results are as follows (Table 2); (a) in all cases the complex formation is endotherm and entropically favored, (b) the ΔS0 decreases with increasing radius of the metal cations, while the ΔH0 does not, (c) theΔS0 of a triphos- phate complex is always larger than that of the corresponding pyrophosphate complex. All these results are explained in terms of present theories of metal chelate formation in aqueous solution.


Placing a CubeSat in Very Low Earth Orbits can prove to be considerably beneficial for satel-lite imagery missions. To consistently benefit from its advantages though, any satellite insuch orbits must compensate the drag force generated by the residual atmosphere or it willde-orbit in a matter of days. Any sort of thruster is therefore required. It can either be a con-ventional propulsion system with on-board stored fuel or an Air-Breathing Electric Propul-sion system, which can collect its own fuel from the residual atmosphere.This project evaluates the performance that both engines would have in a possible VeryLow Earth Orbit Earth Observation scenario and discloses whether the Air-Breathing Elec-tric Propulsion system can be a viable candidate as CubeSat drag compensation system withregards to conventional thrusters.


Time-dependent wave packet calculations were carried out to investigate possible electronic nonadiabaticity in the D + HBr and H + DBr reactions on the new fitted diabatic potential energy surfaces by Han and coworkers ( J. Chem. Phys., 137 (2012), 194305). Reaction probabilities and integral cross sections are calculated. The results show negligible nonadiabatic effect for the title reactions in the energy range considered here, which is in accordance with the H + HBr and D + DBr reactions. AMS subject classifications: 70F07, 74J20


The cross sections of six important cosmic ray source nuclei in hydrogen at several energies between 300 and 1800 MeV/nuc were measured. Significant differences, sometimes exceeding 50%, exist between these new measurements and the earlier semiempirical predictions, and a new set of semiempirical formulae are being determined that better describe this fragmentation. New cross sections were obtained so that the systematics of their effects on cosmic ray propagation through interstellar hydrogen can be examined.


Pempek, a specialty traditional food of South Sumatra, has not been developed toward industrialization. A development process should not negate the preference taste of the consumer who is used to the taste of the traditional food. The innovation in the development of pempek to overcome its limitation for improving the marketing access as well as leading toward its industrilization was needed. A SWOT and AHP analysis were used to select the criteria and priority of consumer toward pempek development followed by the PCA to cluster the criteria and the preference of consumer. The analysis of the samples shows that pempek development requires a change in packaging design that meets the aspects of convinient and the right size by doing the engineering process to suppress the influence of inconsistent fish raw material quality. The analysis also shows that the pempek samples collected from the city of Palembang could be classified into 4 classes. The first one was the pempek which have a higher value and similarities in elasticity, chewiness, and hardness. The second one was the pempek which have a higher value and similarities in stickiness, aroma, taste, and brittleness. The third one was the pempek which have a lower value and similarities in the value of smoothness, colour, and juiciness. And the fourth one was the pempek which are not related in any of the quality attribute of pempek. The main characteristic of Pempek which could be used as the control variable on the development and processing of Pempek were taste, brittleness, stickiness, and aroma. The variables which needed an attention due to negative contribution to the development of pempek were hardness, ease of chew, elasticity, smoothness, juiciness, and color. The development of pempek should suppresed the variable aroma especially fish aroma and while the taste and brittleness should be improved.


Hanfu is a dominant literary form in the Han Dynasty,and reflects the period in different aspects.Its formation and evolution provides a new perspective for our study of the time.Although it may not be an accurate record of history due to its over-elaboration and exaggeration,it does actually record the society at the time to some extent.It also manifests the style and features of palace architecture,music and dance.It provides historical materials for our study of the social ideological trends and philosophical thinking,political and historiographical ideas,and the contemporary writers' outlook on life and values.Thus it has important significance as historical materials for the study of the Han Dynasty.


This paper deals with the lateral buckling analysis of the space arch structure composed of double main arch ribs with transverse braces. The elastic critical buckling load of this kind of structures is deduced according to the principle of minimum potential energy. The influences of the space length and the stiffness of bracing beams on the lateral stability of structure are studied. Based on the results of finite element analysis of 6 concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges, several design recommendations on the arrangement of bracing beams are proposed to augment stability.


Fuzzy modifiers are mappings that transform a fuzzy set into a modified fuzzy set without redefining the membership functions. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach for modeling fuzzy modifiers. The approach relies on a parameterized proximity relation. Given a fuzzy set F, we present two transformations that allow associating the set F with a nested pair of fuzzy sets. A new class of fuzzy modifiers can then be generated by such transformations. Due to the fuzzy set-based semantics underlying the proximity relation of interest, the new modifiers are not simply operators acting on the membership degrees but are endowed with a clear semantics. Last, we illustrate the practical interest of such modifiers in the context of flexible database querying


Through analyzing the engineering geology conditions of central processing center in Shanxi coalbed methane in Huabei oilfield and investigating the site foundation settlement deformation characteristics,the essay studies the formation mechanism,development trend,and final settlement of settlement deformation,and puts forward corresponding processing measures of foundation settlement deformation.


Energy entering at the base of the food web places inherent constraints on total harvest from an ecosystem. Empirical relationships have been established between fishery yield and factors such as chlorophyll concentration, primary production, and other lower trophic level variables to guide management actions. Extension of network models to include harvesting has a long lineage and these models are now being employed worldwide to help guide management decisions. These static mass-balance models have been augmented with a fully dynamic modeling component to explore management options. Biomass spectrum models for exploited ecosystems have also been developed. In addition to direct effects on target species, fisheries can affect the structure and function of ecosystems through habitat damage and incidental catch of non-target organisms, including threatened and endangered species. Increasingly, the effects of climate change are being addressed in ecosystem models through their potential effect on production at all levels of the ecosystem.


Nowadays, Internet of things not only brings promising opportunities but also faces a lot of challenges. It attracts a lot of researchers' attention and has important economic and social values. Internet of things plays a key role in the big data processing, especially in image field. Image de-noising still is a key problem in image pre-processing. Considering a given noisy image, the selection of thresholds should significantly affect the quality of the de-noising image. Although the state-of-the-art wavelet image de-noising methods perform better than other de-noising methods, they are not very effective for de-noising with different noises and with redundancy convergence time, sometimes. To mitigate the poor effect of traditional de-noising methods, this article proposes a new wavelet soft threshold based on the Chi-square distribution-Kernel method under the Internet of things big data environment. The new method alternates three minimization steps. First, the Chi-square distribution-Kernel model is constructed to find the customized threshold that corresponds to the de-noised image. Second, a freedom degree is considered, which is related to the customized wavelet coefficient of the Chi-square distribution-Kernel to be thresholded for image de-noising. Here, noisy image is first decomposed into many levels to obtain different frequency bands and the soft thresholding method based on Chi-square distribution-Kernel method is used to remove the noisy coefficients, by fixing the optimum threshold value using the proposed method. Third, the wavelet soft thresholding based on Chi-square distribution-Kernel method is adopted to handle the image de-noising, and a significant improvement is obtained by a specially developed Chi-square distribution-Kernel method. Finally, the experimental results illustrate that this computationally scalable algorithm achieves state-of-the-art de-noising performance in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized mean square error, structural similarity, and subjective visual quality. It also shows a consistent accuracy, edge preservation, and detailed retention improvement compared to the classic de-noising algorithms.


Notification systems are designed to inform users when certain events occur. The design of a notification system depends on the information it must keep track of and the manner used to alert a user. The challenge in this field of research is to determine what notification method is appropriate for any given situation. BrainStorm is a piece of software that facilitates the development of projects by letting people develop ideas. It consists of a large screen display running a server and clients that work as notification systems. Users can post ideas and receive updates using the clients. The large screen display shows all the information that is posted by all the users. Its purpose is to initiate casual interaction among users and to be a reference during group meetings. BrainStorm combines characteristics of face-to-face communities with asynchronous distributed communities by using the large screen display. INTRODUCTION Over time people have developed a need to keep track of information that one may need. A notification system keeps track of changing information and informs the user of changes. The type of information needed and the notification method determines how a notification system must be designed. This is what researchers strive to find. The range of information and notification methods is great. It is really hard to find a perfect notification system that can be the answer to such a broad range. When designing a notification system, one must first decide what data to notify. Information needed by users can range from meeting times to the weather. The design of a notification system will greatly depend on the data being dealt with. Once this is determined, one must find the right way of notifying the user. The ways to notify a user are endless. One goal in this area is to be able to choose the right method. Notification Methods Many notification systems exist within our environment. The alarm clock has always been a simple notification system. It alerts the user at a certain time in the day. This simple device has become a useful system that has worked for many. It is designed to alert a user by trying to interrupt the task he/she may be doing. A common example of a notification system used on a computer is the ticker. This is a system that is used to stream data such as news headlines. Users may leave such a ticker running so that they may check for changes in data while they work on their primary task. The ticker may be checking for updates after a certain period of time so that the user will be notified of changes. While the ticker may not directly inhibit one's task, it may attract attention depending on the nature of its visual aspects. In most cases, the speed of the movement may cause a user to be distracted and keep looking at the ticker. An example of a more intrusive notification system is one that alerts a user of incoming mail by popping up a message on the center of the screen. This quick and obtrusive method alerts the user immediately of the incoming mail by diverting their attention. Such a system prevents one from continuing their primary task. Whether a user will appreciate this or not will depend on the user priorities. The issue of priorities will be discussed later. The notification systems described so far are usually used for a single user. Large screen displays can be used to show information that may apply to multiple users. Displays may be located in a common area where people are located. As people pass by the display, they can look at the information that is shown and even interact with others around them based on the information. An issue with large screen displays is the actual relevance of information shown. All the people looking at the display may not find the information useful. Primary Task The definition of a primary task can be debated. One can argue that a primary task is any task that is productive. Others can say that whatever one happens to be doing is their primary task. While this argument can go on forever, what one must really understand is that the primary task may illustrate how effective a notification


In this paper we sketch a model in which agents are autonomous not only because they can choose among alternative courses of action (executive autonomy), but also because they can select and pursue new goals on the basis of endogenously generated interests (goal autonomy). We use economic models to argue that goal autonomy can be defined by introducing a precise notion of an agent's identity.


Arrays of silicon-based microcantilevers with properly designed passivated aluminum electrodes have been used to generate microarrays by depositing microspots of biological samples using a direct contact deposition technique. The approach proposed here can be compared to the dip-pen technique but with the noticeable difference that electrostatic fields are generated onto the cantilevers to increase the height of liquid rise on the cantilever surface when dipping them into the liquid to be deposited. Both electrowetting through the reduction of the contact angle and dielectrophoresis through electrostatic forces can be used to favor the loading efficiency. These phenomena are particularly pronounced on the microscale due to the fact that physical scaling laws favor electrostatic forces. Moreover, at this scale, conductive heat dissipation is enhanced and therefore joule heating can be minimized. Using this approach, with a single loading, arrays of more than a hundred spots, from the femtoliter to the pico...


The grow of Pinus Sulvestris var.mongolica in Minqin area indicated: it adapt to the climate enviroment in arid area and have strong resistance. Its drought resistance and heat resistance is stronger than that of Populus gansuensis. Meanwhile, it grow fast, have high survival rate, and the grow speed is more than 5 evergreen tree in the locality. As a ideal kind of tree for farmland protection forest, Pinus sulvestris var. mongolica have stable and lasting protection effects.


Making use of power of windowscreen,wiper motor of automobile, I designed and manufactured a kind of life testing equipment of automobile button switch which is cheap. It owns suitable adjustable point and lubricant way. In the process of evaluation of life of vehicle button switch and rocker switch, the equipment adjusts easily and can finish reliability test.


ANOMALY DETECTION AND MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION IN FIBER REINFORCED CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES Name: Bricker, Stephen E. University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Russell Hardie Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have the potential to replace current superalloys being used in hot components of jet engines. CMCs with continuous fiber reinforcement exhibit significant strength retention beyond temperatures at which Nickel based superalloys approach their melting temperature (900◦ C). While ceramics typically exhibit brittle failure modes making them unsuitable for use in dynamic systems, fiber reinforcement increases fracture toughness, crack growth resistance and strength. Differences in weave type, processing technique, and chemical makeup, however, result in a broad range of material microstructures each with a high degree of variability. Little is known about how the variation and imperfections within the microstructure affect the material properties. It is theorized that stress concentrations exist at certain abnormal microstructural configurations, resulting in either crack nucleation or propagation. Due to the amount of data available and the amount of variation in the microstructure, it is impractical to hope to discover the relationship between microstructural organization and cracking simply by observation. Instead, it is thought that the areas of greatest importance are those that do not adhere to the typical behavior


Purpose This article responds to the need for improved integration of veteran health considerations across the broader community. A focus of the Joining Forces initiative is to foster partnerships between veterans and their communities through enhanced education, knowledge, and commitment of resources and support. Data resources Data and resources on known threats to veteran health are widely available in the literature. Personal perspectives on military culture and experience expand the body of knowledge and lead to improved outcomes in both established and evolving care delivery models and best practices for veteran health. Conclusions The need for veteran health care outside of military and Veterans Affairs facilities is vast and expanding. Enhancing resources for health care of veterans is of critical importance. An understanding of military culture offers a basic reference for nonmilitary care providers to consider when providing and facilitating care across the continuum of veterans' health. Implications for practice Nurse practitioners (NPs) are ideal providers of care for veteran and military family healthcare needs. NP practice incorporates cultural sensitivity, prevention strategies, and wellness‐focused care while delivering and facilitating optimal patient, family, and community outcomes. The NP will be of critical community value in joining forces for veteran health.


The response of the 10 authors to the critique by Lim of key aspects and features of the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act (TSCA) and the role of the Scientific Committee established by the Act is discussed. In the long term, the success of the Act will be measured not merely by the addition of items to the Schedules but by the success of the Act in achieving improved conservation.