The tribological characteristics of ultrafine WS2 powders in petrol engine oil have been investigated by four-ball machine test,and compared with chloroparaffins(T302) and molybdenum disulphide(MoS2),meanwhile the tribochemical species of the worn surface by means of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscope(XPS) have been analyzed to research the lubricating mechanism of WS2.The results show that antiwear and friction-reducing abilities of ultrafine WS2 powders in petrol engine oil are excellent,and obviously better than T302 and MoS2,and the experiments show that the petrol engine oil which contained 1% ultrafine WS2 powders has the best lubricating effectiveness.


My argument in this article is that death as a basic human fact is a condition for life"s meaningfulness, but this very fact is today managed by medical technologies, particularly the technologies used to prolong or end life at whichever stage of its development, leading to the loss of its ontological significance. Through medical technologies, we are busy chasing these two realities (life and death), separating one from the other, thereby undermining the role death plays in man"s existential structure. In the mind-set of modern subjects, death is no longer recognised as an internal process that provides intelligibility and unity to all other aspects and modes of our human existence, but it is conceived of as something external to oneself. In our everyday unreflective attempts to run away from death into the arms of aesthetic and longevity technologies to give us what they regard life to be, we not only lose an internal awareness of what death really is, but also we completely lose the aptitude to experience life as a whole.


The author suggests that shipowners and other shipping interests, faced with real market problems, should shun the temptation to seek advice from undulating freight graphs, if the industry does not wish to lose whatever opportunities the 1990's may hold. Instead, industry members must control the surge of excitement that has tended to greet every upturn and instead, slim down, innovate and wait for the inevitable upturn within the depressed period. He discusses the supply-demand factor in relation to tonnage and fleet enlargement and how best to safeguard the vital interests of the industry.


Purpose:The aims of the research was to determine the goodness of fit of statistical model based on test data generated by the instrument developed to measure the dimensions (construct) of self-awareness, ethical, visionary, altruism, and collaborative teamwork of the Model KBS Design/metodology/approach: Quessionaire BSLM was admistered to 133 ward's head nurse and team leader of type B and type C hospital in Kalimantan Barat. Data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling to identified goodness of fit, and effect of self-awareness dimension to another four dimension of the model. Findings: A Spiritual-Based Leadership Modelwas fit to ward head nurses. The effect of self-awareness to ethical, vision, altruism and team work and collaboration behaviour were positive strong. Research Limitation: the number of participants were lowered than the amount of parameters, the further researches need to do this with a large number of participants. Practical Implication: The model need to apply in the real situation to prove the ability of the model increasing organizational commitment and the right choice on conflict handling style. Originality/value: this model develop from intrapersonal and dyadic level leadership. Keywords—self-leadership, spiritual, self-awareness, vision, ethics, altruism, teamwork collaboration Paper type—research paper -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 21-05-2018 Date of acceptance: 05-06-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


The aim of this thesis is to find out the process carried out by many people to achieve a solo role for the tuba. It also explains which individuals people helped the development of the instrument ...


A method for producing an olefin block polymer, using a polymerization catalyst (X-), and comprising a Group selected from Group 2, an organometallic compound (C) Group 13 atoms, Group 12 in the second (not including activated a co-catalyst component (B)) for olefin polymerization, wherein the polymerization catalyst (X) by the following formula (1) a transition metal compound (a) selected from an organoaluminum oxy compound (B-1) , activating cocatalyst component (B) an organic boron compound (B-2), zinc co-catalyst component (B-3) and ion-exchange layered silicate (B-4) is in contact is formed.


Worldwide, the smoking population decreases, leaving hospitality venues to decide how a change in policy affects their revenues. In spite of the ban, bars, pubs, and restaurants in countries with a smoking ban report a consistent level of revenue. Within the United States, there are varying degrees of a smoking ban, with minimal effect on revenue. In Nevada, the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act's commencement coincided with the Great Recession, skewing hospitality revenue numbers as tourism dwindled. Behaviorally, nonsmokers are more likely to avoid areas with smoke, whereas smokers are not as affected by nonsmoking areas. Casinos in Las Vegas have been operating with smoker comforts in mind, whereas majority of their patrons are nonsmokers. A discussion of compromises to cater more towards nonsmoking guests leads to a method for casinos for implementation. Without a clear and definite change in policy or a casino resort apply a self-imposed ban, smoking is still permitted in the resort. EFFECT OF SMOKING BAN IN LAS VEGAS EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF A SMOKING BAN IN LAS VEGAS CASINO RESORTS


The hyperfine field of Cu nuclei has been investigated theoretically with the use of the molecular orbitals for the cluster of central Cu 2+ ion and the surrounding ligands. According to the previous experimental studies, the hyperfine field of Cu nuclei as well as the g -factors vary linearly with n , the number of Br - ions in the surrounding ligand sites. Such linear dependences have been reasonably explained and have turned out to be due to the difference between the unpaired spin densities of Cl - and Br - ions as well as the difference between the overlap integrals of Cu 2+ –Cl - and Cu 2+ –Br - ions.


Drawing on the general assumption that information is imperfect, this article addresses three main issues. First, why do some migrants return even though the intercountry wage differential does not reverse? And who returns? Second, why do migrants who stay tend to share their higher earnings with others at origin, even in the absence of altruism or of a need to establish an exchange relationship? And can the size of these transfers be predicted? Third, what explains the earnings of migrants? Why do they often dominate the earnings of equivalent native-born workers even if differences in human capital are fully controlled for? The article suggests these answers. First, when informational symmetry is reestablished, the low-skill workers, who are no longer pooled with the high-skill workers, return. Second, migrants' remittances are conceived as side-payments, made under asymmetric information, by high-skill migrant workers to low-skill workers, who, if they were to migrate, would erode the wages of the high-skill workers. And third, the edge migrants have over native-born workers arises from the lower recognition costs of partners to trade whose type is unknown.


Geography as a discipline of study in Basic General Education in Ecuador has lost its prominence, causing problems in its teaching and learning. This essay has the purpose of analyzing the teaching of this science in the field of basic education, with emphasis on the influence of collaborative work as a teaching methodology; the bibliographic review study was systematized through the research methods: documentary and hermeneutical analysis. Among the main findings are the importance of teaching this science, its fundamental objectives, the geographical competencies to be developed in this teaching and the characteristics, benefits, techniques and elements to be present in the implementation in the classes of collaborative work as a methodology active for the teaching and learning of Geography.


The complex formed when excess regulatory subunits (r2) of aspartate transcarbamylase is added to a dilute solution of the catalytic subunit (c3) has been further studied. By stabilizing the complex with saturating levels of r2, it was possible to perform ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradients. The sedimentation coefficient of the complex (7.7 f 0.2 S) is intermediate between those of the catalytic subunit (5.8 S) and of the native enzyme (11.7 S). Consideration of the likely hydrodynamic properties of the complex suggests that this sedimentation coefficient may be consistent with the c3r6 structure previously proposed. The formation of c3r6 from c3 and r2 is readily reversible. At nonsaturating levels of r2, conversion to the native enzyme (c6r6) takes place. This conversion is inhibited by high concentrations of rZ. The car6 complex shows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a low K, for aspartate and considerable substrate inhibition. The pH activity profile at high aspartate concentrations is almost identical with that of the native enzyme. All of these observations suggest that car6 represents the relaxed (R) state of aspartate transcarbamylase. The insensitivity of c3r6 toward CTP or ATP can also be explained by considering c3r6 as a stabilized relaxed state. These properties of car6 have significant implications regarding the allosteric mechanism of the native enzyme.


In order to ensure transparency and competition in public procurement markets, OECD member countries have made themselves subject to a degree of regulation, both through competition policy generally and through specific laws related to public procurement. Such measures can place restrictions on the "scope" for including environmental criteria in their procurement practices. In many cases, such constraints mirror obligations agreed to through adherence to international procurement regimes, such as those discussed in the previous chapter. However, in other cases, there can be important differences...


An object of the present invention is to provide a new adhesive patch for external use that can be identified by the naked eye to the end of the patch. In the substrate and the external-use patches that are external-use adhesive patch, or a gel sheet only formed by having a base layer laminated on one side or both sides of the support is used in the patch to the skin surface, until the surface of the skin patch of the base layer or the gel sheet by the emulsion after the patch is non-transparent, and the skin surface of the base material layer or a gel sheet by gradually evaporating water contained in the base layer or the gel sheet, and the opacity of the base layer or the gel sheet decreases with time, this opacity to identify the degradation with time in the visual and the base layer or the gel sheet with water and oil, and emulsifier, and a gel base of a water remains type having a water-absorbent polymer, at least.


It proposes a method for forming contacts of a semiconductor device. In accordance with the present invention, after forming the insulating layer having a contact hole on a semiconductor substrate, forming an emission barrier layer containing silicon (Si) to prevent emission from the insulating layer, a gas discharge barrier layer onto a metal wetting layer (wetting layer) in the formation and physical vapor deposition to a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a first forming an aluminum layer fills the contact holes, and the resistance decreases on the first aluminum layer over the wetting layer (PVD ), the heat treatment after forming the second layer of aluminum. At this time, using the fluorine (F) containing gas prior to the formation of the first aluminum layer presents a contact method for forming a semiconductor device comprising the steps determining the charter emission barrier layer. Emissions, titanium wetting layer, CVD of aluminum, the contact side wall coatability


Visionary Paranoia Film Politics The Dark Vision of Film Noir The Culture of Resistance in the Films of the 1960s "You may think you know what's going on here" Family Values? - The View from Reagan's Closet "She was bad news" - Male Paranoia and Femme Fatales Women and Sexual Paranoia Bad Cops and their Politics From Assassination to Surveillance Society.


Provides a detailed account of the predicament of exchange librarians in developing countries. Publishing activity is relatively underdeveloped forcing the majority of the states to rely on foreign book imports. While exchanges may prove an excellent option for the acquisition of overseas materials, it cannot be a substitute for direct purchase as not all overseas titles can be exchanged for local materials. Exchanges stand to succeed only if the institutions concerned either have regular publications of their own that can be used as media for exchange, or if sufficient funds are made available for the library to purchase local materials to facilitate such a programme. Highlights problems inhibiting the growth of exchanges and concludes that communication can pose a serious threat if not properly contained.


importance of one-stop shopping for students in both brick and mortar and services. Likewise, the success of this book is that it is a one-stop shopping opportunity for senior academic and student affairs officers interested in research and scholarship about how to create a student-centered culture for prospective and current students. The focus is on how to craft an infrastructure of policies and practices that supports this culture and empowers faculty and administrators to be key components in students' successes. For example, Terry D. Piper and Rebecca A. Mills question the ability of faculty and staff to help students navigate their higher education journey without an appropriate understanding of the complexities of that journey. Another important contribution is the various definitions of student success based on individual and institutional type and culture, as well as the institution's socio-political and historical context. Some chapters take a macro-perspective toward shaping campus climates. For example, Earl H. Potter III's chapter on promoting and sustaining change considers the system of higher education and how institutions are situated differently within this system based in part on the perspective of leaders within the institution. He addresses the contemporary complexities of student demographics, technology, preK-20 education, and private funding. Other chapter authors take a micro-, or departmental perspective, and go into depth about one area of campus life, such as academic advising. In fact, a number of chapters discuss academic advising, as it has been named one of the most underrated student services offered by campuses (Light, 2001). Chapters 9, 14, 15, and 19 speak to this area, as faculty advising, academic advising, and career advising skills need to intentionally challenge and support students to foster continued development. The book suggests that the practice of putting students and their successes first must be intentional at the institutional level. At a personnel level, those within the campus community should be empowered by their institution and senior administrators to view their roles as daily educators. Personnel development across the entire institution is vital and affects student outcomes. Some chapters argue for building bridges across functional areas throughout campus (e.g., admissions, registrar, bursar, financial aid services, and student employment), yet the chapters themselves are siloed. The chapters could build on each other in a way that mirrors the authors' recommendations for increasing student success through building campus community. However, Kramer weaves the chapters together through a helpful narration at the beginning of the book, at the beginning of each section, and in the final chapter by offering a summary of the main themes, best practices, and next steps.


To the Editor.— Intralesional administration of bleomycin is a treatment modality not only for superficial malignant lesions, but also for proliferative benign conditions that have been treated unsuccessfully with other methods.1 We treated two cases of therapy-resistant leishmaniasis cutis with a single injection of bleomycin. Prior to bleomycin therapy, the patients had been treated with the antimonial stiphophen (Fuadin) for two months in our clinic; however, there was no clinical improvement and smears showed abundant parasites as well (Fig 1). The material used was a 1% solution of bleomycin sulfate in normal saline solution; 1.5 mg of bleomycin was injected intralesionally. Considerable swelling and pain were noted 48 to 72 hours after treatment. The lesions dried out within four weeks and healed both clinically and parasitologically after five weeks of therapy, with only minimal scarring (Fig 2). We suggest that local bleomycin injection was promising in therapy-resistant


Pro/E has strong 3D modeling function. And the drawings can be created directly from the 3D model. however,the drawings do not match with Chinese National Drawing Standard. Thus the entire process making GB drawings was be introduced after analyzing carefully the configuration files、 drawing setup files、 templates files .And method making quickly drawings of similar parts based on parts library technology is proposed at the same time. It has great worth in project.


Masked thresholds for a short probe tone are greater for sweep‐frequency tonal maskers than for stationary sinusoidal maskers at equal SPL, and greatest for sweep rates of 20–30 oct/s [G. F. Smoorenburg and F. Coninx, Hearing Res. 3, 301–316 (1980)]. The present study examined possible explanations for this surprising phenomenon and concentrated on the effects of masker level on probe threshold. Masked thresholds were obtained for a 10‐ms, 1‐kHz tone temporally centered in the 100‐ms masker. The maskers were swept in frequency at rates of 0–80 oct/s and passed through 1 kHz at 50 ms. At the lower masker levels, maximum masking occurred at sweep rates of 15–25 oct/s. At higher levels, little influence of sweep rate on masked thresholds was seen. Although there were substantial individual differences in slopes, the growth‐of‐masking functions had slopes less than one with minimum slopes at 20–25 oct/s. The shallow slopes are a distinguishing feature of sweep‐frequency masking and may provide a basis for understanding this important phenomenon. [Supported by NINCDS grant NS12125 and SSHRC‐Canada.]Masked thresholds for a short probe tone are greater for sweep‐frequency tonal maskers than for stationary sinusoidal maskers at equal SPL, and greatest for sweep rates of 20–30 oct/s [G. F. Smoorenburg and F. Coninx, Hearing Res. 3, 301–316 (1980)]. The present study examined possible explanations for this surprising phenomenon and concentrated on the effects of masker level on probe threshold. Masked thresholds were obtained for a 10‐ms, 1‐kHz tone temporally centered in the 100‐ms masker. The maskers were swept in frequency at rates of 0–80 oct/s and passed through 1 kHz at 50 ms. At the lower masker levels, maximum masking occurred at sweep rates of 15–25 oct/s. At higher levels, little influence of sweep rate on masked thresholds was seen. Although there were substantial individual differences in slopes, the growth‐of‐masking functions had slopes less than one with minimum slopes at 20–25 oct/s. The shallow slopes are a distinguishing feature of sweep‐frequency masking and may provide a basis for und...


In the previous build and source code control chapters the resource emphasis was the individual development engineer. The interaction between development engineers was largely limited to their co-contribution to a shared development branch in the source code control system. For this system to work, each individual engineer will not only need to rebuild and test her own changes outside of the shared branch, but inside it as well. As the number of development engineers, the time required to build, and the complexity of the code increase this individual system starts to have difficulties. Modularized system integration provides some solutions for these difficulties. As regards product development, system integration is the act of putting together all the individual aspects of the product. In our previous discussions, system integration took place as the collective effort of all the individual development engineers and the build tools. In more complicated products, we find the need for a system integrator and a further subdivision of development labor into modules. The system integrator is responsible for integrating these modules into a system.


The present invention calculates the third current pattern information on to drive the three-phase motor via a DC current information detected DC current information, and the detected with a single current sensor on the DC current side, and to take advantage of this, the control relates to a three-phase electric motor control apparatus of the EPS system, and a battery for supplying operating power, and a single current sensor for detecting a DC current information is provided to the DC current side to be supplied from the battery, the power supply operation is supplied from the battery to operate in accordance with the ECU through the detected DC current information from the single current sensor and calculates the current pattern information on the 3, controls the driving of the three-phase motor according to the current pattern information on the operation 3, the control of the ECU which is driven in accordance with is characterized in that the configuration of a three-phase motor.


As one promising branch of biometrics, palmprint recognition has received significant attention and made extraordinary progress in the past decades. The crucial step of palmprint recognition is to extract the discriminative features for the subsequent identification or verification task. However, neither the traditional hand-crafted descriptors nor the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with the original softmax loss shows satisfactory generalization ability under open-set settings. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end method for open-set palmprint recognition by applying CNN with a novel loss function, namely, centralized large margin cosine loss (C-LMCL). The modified loss function compels the feature vectors from different classes to uniformly and separately distribute in the hyper feature space. At the same time, it makes intra-class feature vectors compactly gather to their corresponding class centers. Consequently, such trained model has the ability to generalize across unseen subjects and different datasets. Finally, a lot of experiments are conducted on two public palmprint datasets— Tongji and PolyU datasets. In particular, all the evaluations are made under open-set protocols that are more complex and challenging compared to the previous close-set scenarios. The experimental results on the Tongji and PolyU datasets indicate the superiority of our algorithm over the state-of-the-art performance. It effectively confirmed the bright prospects of employing palmprint information in biometric authentication.


This study aims to produce a HOTS Student Worksheet design with a nuanced attitude of responsibility in the material for adding and subtracting fractions for class V SDN 12 Pontianak Kota. The research method used is research and development (RnD) by adapting the Thiagarajan 4D development model (define, design, development and dissemination). The data source for this research is the results of the validation of the three validators and the results of the student worksheet trials. The data collection technique for this research was a validator validation questionnaire, test questions for students, as well as documentation on the LKPD used by the teacher. The results of the research show that during the process of developing HOTS LKPD with a nuanced attitude of responsibility it is carried out only in three stages, namely the define, design and development stages. The percentage of LKPD validity criteria from the material aspect has an average of 4 with very valid criteria, from the language aspect it is 4 with very valid criteria, from the display aspect it is 3.86 with very valid criteria, and from the aspect of conformity with the responsibility indicator it is 4 with very valid criteria. The percentage of the criteria for the completeness level of students' scores in the first trial obtained a completeness percentage of 100% with very high criteria and the second trial obtained a completeness percentage of 73% with high criteria.


The old age is perceived as a foreign body, said Simone de Beauvoir in her essay The Coming of Age (1970). Influenced by Sartre's existentialism she emphasized the idea that the subject sees old age through the perception of others. It is a twin process of objectification: the look of others who sees female body as an object of hostility and also a woman's image of herself who feels that the body is different from her. Jeannette King calls women who are over fifty "the invisible generation" in her book Discourses on Ageing in Fiction and Feminism: The Invisible Woman (2012). She asserts that woman loses her identity after fifty because a woman's value has historically been determined by her reproductive ability, her beauty and sexuality. Gullette points out the absence of a discourse on ageism in feminism scholarship. The present paper explores the grounds of marginalization of ageing women in the Indian context from cultural and feminist standpoints and the paper aims to make ageing women visible in the literary and feminist discourses with special reference to four contemporary plays: Mangalam by Polie Sengupta, Harvest by Manjula Padmanabhan, Tripurari Sharma's Bahu and Aurat by Rasheed Jahan.


The problem of the intense femtosecond pulse with elliptical transverse distribution propagating in air is reduced to an analogous problem of a particle moving in a two-dimensional potential well using variational method. Different types of initial conditions are considered to provide direct physical insight of how the self-focusing and defocusing mechanisms can lead to long distance propagation and refocusing phenomenon. The difference between elliptical and circular transverse distribution beams is compared and discussed. The results are coincident with direct numerical simulations.


Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy offered better short-term, post-surgical outcomes for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who were undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.


Objective To study radiology diagnosis of venous sinus thrombosis. Methods Eleven patients with venous sinus thrombosis were diagnosed by DSA,10 cases of them by CT,9 cases by MRI,7 cases by MRA. Results The CT diagnosis was not clear. Four cases venous sinus thrombosis on post contrasted scan,2 cases of them had "Delta" sign. MR examination showed loss of flow void effect in venous sinus and high intensive signals inside the thrombsed sinuses. Eleven cases by DSA showed sinuses not developed. Conclusion The combination of MRI,MRA and DSA examination is sufficient to diagnose cerebral venous thrombosis.


A method of heat-assisted magnetic recording potentially suitable for probe-based storage systems is characterized. Field emission current from a scanning tunnelling microscope tip is used as the heating source. Pulse voltages of 5 V were applied to a granular CoNi/Pt multilayered film. Experimental results show that an average mark size of 90–120 nm was achieved with the minimum of 70 nm. A model of dynamic domain formation is built to quantitatively explain the experimental results. It agrees with experiments. Based on this model, we will be able to figure out the proposals to achieve small marks for ultra-high recording density.


This article investigates the sustainability of trade balances in the sub-Saharan African regions, using both the panel unit root (Im–Pesaran–Shin (IPS)) test proposed by Im et al. (2003) and the cross-sectionally augmented version of the IPS (Pesaran Cross-sectional IPS (CIPS)) test suggested by Pesaran (2007), where the former test is based on the assumption of cross-section independence and the latter actually considers cross-section independence. Although the empirical results based on the IPS test indicate that the balance of trade in the sub-Saharan African regions is sustainable, the empirical results of the CIPS test reveal that it is not sustainable. Since Cross-section Dependence (CD) was recognized using the CD test developed by Pesaran (2004), there is a possibility that the empirical results based on the IPS test are spurious.


This article shows the process of transition from the unitary state to decentralisation, which is the transfer of administrative competences from the central state to the communities (municipalities). This law is derived from the Constitution of 18 January 1996, which was re-enacted by Law No. 2019/024 of 24 December 2019 on the General Code of Decentralised Territorial Authorities, with the creation of regions and elected regional councillors and traditional chiefs appointed as regional councillors by the central government. The particularity of decentralisation in Cameroon is the maintenance of governors, prefects and sub-prefects as representatives of the central state in the missions of the centralised power. Another peculiarity is the weak donation of the sovereignty of the delegations of the various ministers placed under the management of decentralised communities (Mairie). This donation remains weak in all areas. In the new model defined by the law n°2019/024 of 24 December 2019, regionalisation should be presented as a spring of economic and social development.


In the current conditions of integration and globalization of the world economy, investment processes have the key importance in the formation and development of the domestic economy. The article highlights the impact of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the investment activity of business entities in Ukraine. The consequences of the coronavirus pandemic and the current state of activity and Ukrainian industries development are considered. Industry and construction have been hit hardest by the COVID-19. The decline in capital investment is inherent in all types of economic activity, except financial and insurance activities, public administration and defense, compulsory social insurance and health care, and the provision of social assistance. This is due to the intensification of investment processes and significant government infusions into the development and maintenance of health care and increasing public interest in social insurance, especially health insurance against COVID-19. In the field of industry, the largest losses in 2020 were the supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning; mining and quarrying; metallurgical production, production of finished metal products. The restraining factors that influenced the decrease in investment activity of economic entities have been identified. Most programs for the development and stimulation of investment processes in Ukraine require significant changes and adaptations to the new realities caused by the global pandemic. The article proposes measures to stimulate investment activity of economic entities, in particular in the field of capital investment. The state should pay special attention to capital investment in the national pharmaceutical industry. Emphasis is placed on the need to implement an effective state investment policy that will help finance the implementation of necessary public or private investment projects, restore and improve production, improve the infrastructure of certain sectors of the economy, increase the competitiveness of individual production structures, industries and the world.


Objective To compare the effect of anterior and transtrochanteric surgical approaches in primary total hip arthroplasty. Methods Retrospective study was undertaken in one hundred patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA)(fifty, anterior approach;fifty, transtrochanteric approach) with one year follow-up. Results Perioperative data showed that the transtrochanteric surgical approach resulted in significantly more blood loss and longer operative time than the anterior approach. The rehabilitation period was also longer in the transtrochanteric approach. Postoperative hip scores of pain, function, and range of motion, heterotopic ossification, presence of gait showed no significant differences between two groups at six months and one year. Conclusion The choice of approach in primary total hip arthroplasty brings no functional difference, but the anterior approach is a safer technique with faster postoperative recovery.


I Drug induced acute pancreatitis is a rare entity, whose true incidence is unknown. Its diagnosis is often difficult to establish, requiring a high degree of suspicion and careful exclusion of other causes of pancreatitis. In the last decades a growing number of drugs have been implied, with varying weight of evidence, including several ACE inhibitors. The authors present the case of a patient with several recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis, in a short period of time, whose aetiology was attributed to perindopril after an exhaustive study that excluded other causes, a positive rechallenge test and favourable evolution after removal of the drug. GE J Port Gastrenterol 2008;18:34-39


The study is concentrated on the isotropic elastic responses of a homogeneous isothermal pervious surface or adiabatic impervious surface due to injection of compressible hot fluid. Based on the theory of thermal elasticity of porous media, the analytical models are developed for the ground deformation with excess pore fluid pressure and temperature increment of the strata due to thermal fluid influences. Using Hankel transform to present the closed-form solutions of the analytical model, the investigation can improve understanding of the isotropic porous strata due to injection of compressible hot fluid. Keywords—hot fluid injection; half space; Hankel transform; closed-form solution


The world society of 21st century, blended learning, social media and flipped classroom are become popular education. Social media is changing instruction then teachers and learners become coaching and play in classroom learning. To make the effectiveness of teaching method, the teacher must change the way of teaching from face-to-face only through new media teaching. The purpose of this study were to 1) create an activity of blended classroom using social media and flipped classroom, 2) evaluate the effectiveness of blended learning using social media and flipped classroom 3) assess the thinking skills of learners from blended classroom via social media and flipped classroom, and 4) assess the learners 's satisfaction of activities from blended learning using social media and flipped classroom. This study used both quantitative and qualitative method and used lottery method to select the sampling group from 50 students. The instruments of this study are course syllabus, paper test, and learners' satisfaction toward classroom activities. Data were collected from 1) learning activities of blended learning using social media and flipped classroom 2) the assessment of Pretest and Posttest of knowledge skills and thinking skills and 3) learners 'satisfaction of using blended learning vis social media and flipped classroom. Data was undertaken in term of mean, standard deviation, t-test and content analysis. The results of this study found that social media and flipped classroom plan activities showed the reliability of higher level. The learning achievement was different between pretest and posttest and show the significant at the level of 0.01. In addition, the thinking skills of learners from blended learning was higher than pretest and the students were satisfied with social media and flipped classroom because students can show ideas and solving problem themselves.


The Studied structure and track record of the using the operative methods of the treatment in gynecology permanent establishment on subservience in Cuban edge since 1997 on 2005. They Are Used given «Passport obstetric-gynecology of the service", report data, medical documentation and others. In study are enclosed all small and greater gynecology to operations. It is revealed that factor operation from calculation on 1000 feminine populations of the edge is for under investigation years stable and has not a big scatter on year (19,94% 20, 71%20,46%, and 21,12%). Analyzing speaker and amounts of the operative treatment in branches different level is found natural difference, on different level of the rendering help share level and volumes of the operative treatment greatly differs. The Systematic study gynecology to pathology (including not only her its structures, but also nature of the surgical treatment), on base united methodical approach in apart taken territory and as a whole on edge, allow to elaborate and work out the united approaches to volume and level of the rendering gynecology help.


Objective To explore the application value of 64-row spiral CT in the diagnosis of coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula in adults. Methods The CT images of 28 adults with coronary arterypulmonary artery fistula were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 28 patients, 10 patients suffered from unilateral vessel lesions, while 18 patients suffered with bilateral vessel lesions. There were 24 patients whose diameter of artery fistula blood vessels were smaller than that of initial coronary artery, accounting for 85.71%.While 4 patients whose diameter of artery fistula blood vessels were larger than that of initial coronary artery, accounting for 14.29%. Conclusion The 64-Row spiral CT which can clearly show the origin, course and termination of blood vessels, has a great clinical value in the diagnosis of coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula.


The effect of soluble potassium silicate applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), muskmelon (C. melo L.), and zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) on the severity of powdery mildew was examined. Application methods included amending nutrient solutions to a concentration of 1.7 mM Si and foliar sprays containing 1.7, 8.5, 17, and 34 mM Si. Untreated plants and plants sprayed with distilled water were used as controls. The leaves of all plants were inoculated with known concentrations of conidia of Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.:Fr.) Poll. (cucumber and mum Mathai et al., 1978; Volk et al., 1958) and powdery mildew diseases of barley (Erysiphe gruminis DC. f. sp. hordei E m . Marchal on Hordeum vulgare L.) (Jiang et al., 1989), wheat (E. graminis D.C. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal on Triticum aestivum L.) (Leusch and Buchenauer, 1989), and cucumber (S. fuliginea) (Menzies et al., 1991a). Previous studies of Si effects on plant disease have involved root absorption of Si from either soil or soilless media. Although the amendment of soilless media with Si can be adapted to greenhouse and similar industries (Menzies et al., 1991a; Samuels et al., 1991b), large amounts of Si must be applied to soils to adequately control diseases. For example, basal dressings of 250 and 500 kg sodium silicate/ha were required to reduce sheath blight of rice (Mathai et al., 1978) and an equivalent of 4500 kg SiO2/ha was necessary to control powdery mildew of wheat (Leusch and Buchenauer, 1989). A reduction of the incidence of a wilt pathogen of cucumber requires the application of 2000 to 4000 kg calcium silicate/ha or 2250 to 4500 kg potassium silicate/ ha (Miyake and Takahashi, 1983b). Foliar application of Si to field plants is potentially a viable alternative to root-zone applifor publication 5 Nov. 1991. Accepted for publication 6 May 1992. esearch Station Contribution no. 440. We acknowlege the assistance muels, D. Vianzon, C. Koch, and T. Helmer, the statistical advice , Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Vancouver, B.C., and the the B.C. Greenhouse Vegetable Research Council and the Science B.C. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not imply nt of the products named or criticism of other products that may also . The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payage charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be rked advertisement solely to indicate this fact. Scientist. cation. This method of Si application to control disease has been reported only once, to our knowledge. Aleshin et al. (1986) applied sprays of sodium metasilicate (440 mg·liter-1) and 1-ethoxysilatran (180 mg·liter -l) and reduced the degree of rice blast infestation on both resistant and susceptible rice cultivars. The objective of our study was to determine the extent of control of powdery mildew diseases of cucumber, muskmelon, and zucchini squash achieved through foliar or root applications of soluble potassium silicate, and the duration of control that may be obtained with foliar applications. Materials and Methods Long English cucumber ('Corona'), muskmelon ('Earlisweet') and zucchini squash ('Select') were used in the experiments. Effective Si concentrations for foliar application. Cucumber, muskmelon, and zucchini squash plants were grown from seed sown in rockwool cubes (Grodan, Roermond, Holland), arranged at random on three greenhouse benches. Eight randomly chosen plants of each species were watered as needed with a nutrient solution containing ( in mM ): 1.75 Si, 13.0 NO3, 1.5 H 2P O4, 7.5 K, 3.5 Ca, 1.0 Mg, and 1.0 to 1.5 SO4; and (in μ M ) 18.8 Fe, 5.5 Mn, 0.9 Zn, 0.2 Cu, 18.1 B, and 1.0 Mo, with a pH of 6.0. Silicon was added in the form of potassium silicate as product K6 (National Silicates Ltd., Toronto, Ont.). The remaining plants were watered with a solution (pH 6.0) containing the same nutrients but without added potassium silicate (the Si and K contents of the solution were 0.05 and 7.0 m M , respectively). Foliar treatments were applied when cucumber and zucchini squash had two fully expanded leaves and muskmelon had three. Treatments included an untreated control, a distilled water spray (pH 5.5), and Si sprays of 1.7, 8.5 (not applied to the zucchini squash), and 17.0 mM (also containing 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 mM K, respectively). The Si sprays were prepared by diluting the appropriate amount of potassium silicate in distilled water and adjusting to pH 5.5 with phosphoric acid. A drop of Tween 20 J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117(6):902-905. 1992. Table 1. The effect of Si treatments on the number of colonies of powdery mildew on cucumber, muskmelon, and zucchini squash. z Colonies established (no.)


This paper presents a study based on simulating the impact between a yarn (or a single fiber with greater dimensions) and a bullet, the impact velocity being 400 m/s. The characteristics of the involved materials are taken from literature. The yarn is considered isotrope, but the values of the characteristics are close to those of aramid fibers and cooper and lead alloys used for manufacturing the bullets. Analysing the yarn failure caused by a bullet, this FE model allows for identfying the stages in the failure process. First, the yarn is pushed by the bullet and the local elongation of the yarn is tacking place. The yarn rupture occurs in the �strangled� zones, caused by the stretch of the yarn directly supporting the impact. The breaking of the yarn in the thinned zone (more pronounced asymmetric breaking) and it is visible that the yarn elastic recoil starts next the bullet. The friction between the yarn and the bullet is only on the conical surface of the bullet in the tapered zone of the bullet. The yarn is detaching from the bullet (the contact zones between the bullet and the yarn in polymeric matrix become smaller, justifying a neglectable influence of the thermal effect). The yarn has no more contact with the bullet. This step is in the favor of the assumption that, in the actual multi-yarn impact, the other layers of yarns maintain the bullet and the first yarns in contact and this is why bunch of fibers (fragments of the failed yarns) are pressed against the bullet and remain on it. The simulation results were qualitatively validated by SEM investigations of fiber failure under the same conditions as the model.


Objectives : Risperidone, olnazapine, and quetiapine, which are atypical antipsychotics, are widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, improving positive and negative symptoms. Although many studies about these atypical antipsychotics have published, few published studies provide direct comparisons of these three atypical antipsychotics in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Korea. The authors studied the comparative effects on therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects rispendone, olanzapine, and quetiapine in patinets in a chronic mental hospital. Methods : The subjects were inpatients with DSM-Ⅳ schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in a chronic hospital and the history of previous admission. They were sequentially assumed to receive risperidone, olanzapine or quetiapine for 12 weeks. The 12-week trial consisted of an 1-week escalation and 11-week fixed dose period(risperidone 6㎎/day, olanzapine 20md/day, quetipine 600㎎/day). Clinical response was defined as a ≥30% reduction in total PANSS score. Body weight and serum glucose and cholesterol level were assessed at base line and at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Serum prolactin level was checked at baseline at weeks 4, 8 and 12. Results : Eighty-three inpatients With DSM-Ⅳ diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia or chrome schizoaffective disorder were sequentially assigned to receive risperidone, olanzapine or quetiapine for 12 weeks and seventy-one subjects were complete the study. Twelve weeks later, all three treatment groups showed significant improvement in PANSS positive, negative, general and total scores, while they did not show any significant difference among three groups. In terms of adverse effects, risperidone group showed more extrapyramidal symptom than olanzapine and quetiapine group. Body weight increased significantly after 12 weeks in quetiapine group, but there was no significant difference among treatment groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that risperidone, olanzapne, and quetiapine are equally effective in inpatient with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and considerably effective as in patients with shorter duraion of illness. Olanzapine and quetiapine had an advantage with less neurologic side effect than risperidone.


Road traffic injuries are a major public health challenge. An estimated 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents each year and as many as 50 million are injured. Projections indicate that these figures will increase by about 65% over the next 20 years unless there is new commitment to accident prevention. Children are at particular risk in road traffic: every year, millions of road traffic accidents involve children, with some 25,000 being killed. Guaranteeing safety and mobility for people and goods is one of DaimlerChrysler s major objectives. In addition to the active and passive safety of vehicles, the company is becoming increasingly involved with road traffic itself. The driving force behind this is the vision of accident-free driving. This is about safety not just for the driver, but for all road users alike. DaimlerChrysler is aware of its duty to take on responsibility for society and launched a worldwide effort for sustainable accident prevention in 2001. Through its international MobileKids campaign, the company aims to draw the attention of children all over the world to the dangers in road traffic. And the initiative has proven to be successful.


In the past twenty years, management planning for the urban forest has become commonplace in this country, but has not yet focused on long-range objectives. Steps used in forest management planning are outlined and applied to urban forest management. Other forestry concepts, such as age structure and rotation, can also be applied to the urban forest and should be given more serious consideration in its management.


Presented a hybrid technique of neural networks as applied to neural network control systems. Technique includes the classic gradient methods, as well as a modified genetic algorithm for adjusting weights. Considers the application of this technique to train the model neuroregulator, for classification of catalytic stage Claus process. The conclusions about the rate of convergence of the proposed methodology.


Recently I was speaking with a group of experienced midwives, totally committed to providing a woman-centred service. Individually and collectively they saw the need for a woman to have choice and control as being the key tenets of good care and the need to provide unbiased and comprehensive information as a fundamental requirement of their practice.


Purpose: To design and develop a World Wide Web-based education program that will allow trainees to interactively learn and improve the diagnostic capability of detecting pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs. Materials and Methods: Chest radiographs with known diagnosis were retrieved and selected from our institutional clinical archives. A database was constructed by sorting radiographs into three groups: normal, nodule, and false positive (i.e., nodule-like focal opacity). Each nodule was assigned with the degree of detectability: easy, intermediate, difficult, and likely missed. Nodules were characterized by their morphology (well-defined, ill-defined, irregular, faint) and by other associated pathologies or potentially obscuring structures. The Web site was organized into four sections: study, test, record and information. Results: The Web site allowed a user interactively to undergo the training section appropriate to the user's diagnostic capability. The training was enhanced by means of clinical and other pertinent radiological findings included in the database. The outcome of the training was tested with clinical test radiographs that presented nodules or false positives with varying diagnostic difficulties. Conclusion: A Word Wide Web-based education program is a promising technique that would allow trainees to interactively learn and improve the diagnostic capability of detecting and characterizing pulmonary nodules.


social structure are missing. There is no consideration of any social structures or institutions outside the 'modified extended family'. It is as though the 23 old people determined the pattern of their lives through their own decisions and that constraints from the policies of the state, the class structure, ethnicity, the wider context of the community in which they live and patterns of social status had no impact on such decisions. Gender is examined, as for example in describing the caring role imposed on, or taken on, by women but there is no attempt to relate this to feminist analyses which have placed such issues in a broader context. In summary, while the data is certainly interesting and will undoubtedly be of use to some people, as social science this book fails because it refuses to look beyond the immediate lives and families of the respondents and ask why they are doing and believing what they say they are doing and believing in 1982 in Sydney, Australia.


ABSTRACT The fermentation process of strong-flavor Baijiu occurs in an underground cellar surrounded by mud, where grains are decomposed and generate new flavor substances. Pit mud microbiome plays a pivotal role in the formation of Baijiu flavor, which is positively correlated with cellar age. Previous research on the pit mud microbiome was often conducted for a specific distillery, making it hard to draw a general conclusion to decipher the pit mud microecosystem in such a unique brewing environment. Hence, in this study, we attempt to unravel community formation mechanisms through research in pit mud microbial biogeography based on 12 independent bacterial studies comprising qualified data sets of 302 samples clearly marked with cellar age from five major producing provinces. We found cellar age explained more variations in the bacterial community than geographical region. The bacterial community displayed evident dominant species alternations on a large time scale. Lactobacillus was found to be the dominant species in young pit mud (<10 years), while Caproiciproducens dominated in aged pit mud. Null model analysis revealed that as pit mud aged, the influence of stochastic and deterministic processes in the bacterial community shifted, and the relative contribution of homogeneous selection increased. Positive correlations dominated the bacterial co-occurrence networks, and the network complexity decreased and stability increased with cellar age. These findings shed new light on the formation of pit mud microbiomes under the impact of long-term batch-to-batch continuous brewing, providing a basis for the evaluation and production of high-quality pit mud. IMPORTANCE Baijiu is a typical example of how humans employ microorganisms to convert grains into new flavors. Mud cellars are used as the fermentation vessel for strong-flavor Baijiu (SFB) to complete the decomposition process of grains. The typical flavor of SFB is mainly attributed to the metabolites of the pit mud microbiome. China has a large number of SFB-producing regions. Previous research revealed the temporal profiles of the pit mud microbiome in different geographical regions. However, each single independent study rarely yields a thorough understanding of the pit mud ecosystem. Will the pit mud microbial communities in different production regions exhibit similar succession patterns and structures under the impact of the brewing environment? Hence, we conducted research in pit mud microbial biogeography to uncover the impact of specific environment on the microbial community over a long time scale. Baijiu is a typical example of how humans employ microorganisms to convert grains into new flavors. Mud cellars are used as the fermentation vessel for strong-flavor Baijiu (SFB) to complete the decomposition process of grains. The typical flavor of SFB is mainly attributed to the metabolites of the pit mud microbiome. China has a large number of SFB-producing regions. Previous research revealed the temporal profiles of the pit mud microbiome in different geographical regions. However, each single independent study rarely yields a thorough understanding of the pit mud ecosystem. Will the pit mud microbial communities in different production regions exhibit similar succession patterns and structures under the impact of the brewing environment? Hence, we conducted research in pit mud microbial biogeography to uncover the impact of specific environment on the microbial community over a long time scale.


This article highlights some of the possibilities and constraints for utilising telematics in peripheral areas. Telematics is, semantically and technologically, an amalgamation of telecommunications and informatics. A theoretical basis for understanding regional and technological development is established. Theories that consider technology (including telematics) as primarily socially determined constructions, which are developed, diffused and renewed through interactions between actors, for example users and producers, are emphasised. Examples are given of the use and potential consequences for localisation of businesses within three very different "industries": telework (production and delivery of services by means of telematics), tourism (especially hotels), and manufacturing industries. Telematics reduces the importance of geographical distance but does not eliminate the need for face-to-face-contact. Therefore, telematics does not remove the distance barriers for peripheral areas and may result in decentralisation as well as centralisation. While it is up to telecompanies and political actors in the regions to provide the basic prerequisites for businesses" exploitation of telematics, it is up to firms to meet the challenge of turning what might seem to be a threat but which - adapted to the firms" local conditions and networks - could be a prosperous opportunity.


In order to ensure the safety of high-speed railway transportation, the command role of railway signal system should be brought into full play. By comprehensively analyzing the safety characteristics of railway signal system, a safety railway signal system pre-warning model based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was proposed. Firstly, this paper introduced the theory basis of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process. Then analysed the natural geological factors, personnel factors, equipment factors and management factors of railway signal system, and studied the safety problems of "human-machine-environment" system. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the model were verified by model analysis. This pre-warning model is applied to the high-speed railway signal system, and has good reliability, high safety. It can not only discover the risk sources and hidden dangers of the railway signal system in time, but also effectively prevent accidents. It has great practical significance to guarantee the safety of railway transportation.


Forty planar superconducting undulators (SCUs) of 4 m length will be used in Shanghai High Repetition rate XFEL and Extreme Light (SHINE) facility. As the longest SCU in developing of the worldwide, they could generate photon in energy range of 10–25 keV. NbTi/Cu wires with the diameter 0.6 mm and the ratio of Cu to NbTi 0.9 have been chosen as the fundamental element of superconducting coils. Coils temperature must be below 5 K when operating current reaches 400 A. Meanwhile, the magnetic gap need to be less than 5 mm to obtain the peak field of 1.58 T. Therefore, beam chamber installation is infeasible in such a small gap. Two parallel copper foils close to the surface of magnetic poles have been designed to shield beam heat load. Furthermore, four liquid Helium tubes located symmetrically around magnetic structure have been designed to cool the copper foils used as beam channel. There is no cryocooler on the SCU because liquid Helium is provided by the cryogenic plant of SHINE.


The study area includes Ernesto Tornquist Provincial Park located in the area of Sierra de La Ventana (Buenos Aires). The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for defi ning and calculating fi re-affected areas, based on visual and digital analysis of satellite imagery (pre and a post fi re) using an image processor and the construction of thematic maps, using GIS. We propose the application of two spectral indices, one for vegetation and another for burned areas, and two supervised classifi cations. Results demonstrated that the Burned Area Index is the technique that provides the best results, allowing the delimitation and calculation of burned areas as well as the discrimination of islands of vegetation not affected by fi re within the burned area. Moreover, it was established that the vegetation affected by the fi re corresponded to conifers and native grasslands.


A spatially varying temperature distribution imposed on the free surface of a liquid leads to an effective tractive force on the surface because of the dependence of surface tension on temperture. A solution for transient flow in infinite thin layers is presented. The layer is thin enough so that inertial forces are negligible. The equations of motion are nondimensionalized by an explicit scaling procedure. Small‐time and large‐time solutions are obtained with variation of surface height as part of the solution.


It is important to know the limit of artificial selection for efficient animal production. The aim of this research was to examine whether the selection for small body weight in Japanese quail has reached to the limit after the long term selection over 65 generations. In this research, two lines, SS and RR were compared. RR line was produced by random mating in a closed population as the control, and SS line was selected for small body weight at 6 weeks of age until 65 generations. Additionally, the data of LL line selected for large body weight was used to evaluate a selection limit in SS line though the details were not shown. Each line was composed of about 30 pair-matings, and body weight measurement was performed every week until 6 weeks of age, but the body weights of candidate birds selected for production of next generation were measured until 15 weeks of age. In the first step of selection, 4 males and 4 females were selected as a general rule among the offspring from each pair-mating at about 4 weeks of age. In the second step of selection, one male and one female were chosen by body weight at 6 weeks of age from 8 individuals selected in the first step, and 30 pari-matings were arranged with the individuals having no consanguineous relation in the preceding 4 generations. Mean body weight of SS line during 60-65 generations was 59.5g and that of RR line was 106.5 g, and the difference was significant (P<0.01). Selection pressure (SP) in the two lines was constant throughout the generations. Selection intensity (SI) in SS line was in the negative direction, and that in RR line was near zero. Estimated heritability in the two lines was variable from generation to generation. Realized heritabilities in SS line increased in both males and females during two terms of 54 to 59 and 60 to 65 generations. The selection response increased in the negative direction in response to cumulative selection differential. The observed ratio of mean body weight at 6 weeks of age in SS line to that in LL line (ORM) and observed ratio of difference between mean body weight at the same age in SS line and that in LL line to the standard deviation of body weight in RR line (OR) suggested that selection limit may not have been reached in SS line after the long term selection for 65 generations and it may be possible to expect further genetic improvement. Generally, artificial selection during a very long period would reach to a limit on account of decrease in genetic diversity. However, selection in the direction for small body weight was found to show the different tendency from the selection for large body weight. Miniaturization of body size is an interesting biological phenomenon from the evolutionary point of view. The SS line established in the present study would be useful for the research from molecular biologic and metabolic aspects to have an insight into evolutionary mechanism of miniaturization.


Security has been recognized as a key issue for the expansion of eHealth application, where highly sensitive patient's medical data are routed through a non-secure wireless network. In this paper, we look into the various security and privacy requirements for the eHealth application and propose an agent-based secure and trustworthy packet-forwarding Protocol (ASTP) considering the neighbor nodes previous and recent activities. ASTP incorporated with proper security tools that enhanced the overall performance of a cooperative multi-hop wireless network used for an eHealth application. The proposed protocol can successfully detects malicious nodes and the information is used and shared to the neighbors to avoid co-operating with them either for data forwarding, aggregation or any other cooperative function. Patient privacy is maintained by using an renewable pseudo-identity. Finally, security analysis and experimental results demonstrate that ASTP improves the average packet delivery ratio and maintains the require security and privacy at the cost of an acceptable communication delay.


The present study was conducted among 200 adult dental patients attending dental clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. The Study found high percentage (70%) used both a toothbrush & toothpaste for oral hygiene, About two-fifth (42 %) of the subjects stated 'tooth decay' as a result of not cleaning teeth regularly, followed by bad breath (27%) and gum disease or pyorrhea (23.5%). It was found that highest 42% visited to hospital due to pain followed by bleeding of gums (21.5%), dental cavities (21%) and swelling (6%)., Nearly half (46 %) of the subjects blamed smoking/pan chewing/gutkha/other tobacco products for having deleterious effects on dental health. Majority (28%) were smokers, followed by betel nut chewing (17.5%) and alcohol (13.5%). More than two fifth (42%) of respondents were aware that tobacco causes oral cancers. Significant association of knowledge & practices of oral hygiene, knowledge about oral cancer etc were found.


The most direct dilemma facing higher vocational education in developing innovative entrepreneurship education is that time is not enough. It usually takes several years for an innovative entrepreneurship project to be innovative, incubate, and eventually become a commercial one. In view of this problem, this paper puts forward the reform ideas of higher vocational education suitable for Chinese characteristics. Not only should the talent training mode be conducive to the development of innovative entrepreneurship education and real achievements, but also higher vocational education should carry out innovative entrepreneurship education different from undergraduate education.


An austenitic stainless steel was deformed in torsion over a temperature range of 900-1200 °C using strain rates of 1, 5 and 10 s-1. The stress vs. strain curves determined were corrected for deformation heating and the flow stress was found to rise in the initial work-hardening regime, reaching a maximum before dropping to the steady state due to softening brought about by dynamic recrystallization. In order to determine the onset of dynamic recrystallization, diagrams of work-hardening rate vs. applied stress were drawn up for the hardening region of the flow stress curves. The flow stress curves were modeled by adjusting an evolution equation having one internal variable that describes the plastic behavior in the work-hardening regime to the experimental data. The flow stress after the onset of dynamic recrystallization was determined by incorporating the fractional softening into the evolution equation. Describing the effects of temperature and strain rate on the evolution equation through Zener-Hollomon parameters, a database was constructed for use in computer models to predict the roll force of rolling or forging loads under hot working conditions.


The present study focuses on the prosodic phenomenon known as prominence, studied in relation with its immediate context. Context in this study is understood as prosodic environment of units perceived as prominent (Terken 1991). Previous work has already shown that prominence perception is to a large extent predictable by listeners' expectations, probably shaped by positional factors (Fougeron and Keating 1995), pragmatic factors (e.g. Baumann and Riester 2013, Watson 2008) as well as overall linguistic knowledge (e.g. Cole 2010, Wagner 2005). Surprisingly little is known, however, how the immediate prosodic context affects both the production and perception of prominence, although such assumptions are commonplace in phonological reasoning, e.g. by postulating constraints favouring rhythmic alternation. Evidence for this was provided by Cutugno et al. (2012), who predicted prominence placement in Italian using context-based machine learning models. Furthermore, Arnold et al. (2013) modelled some of the interactions between prominence and context, by showing that the higher the prominence was on a syllable immediately preceding a prominent one, the higher was the pitch accent amplitude of that syllable. Thus, the effort speakers (have to) invest in prominence marking is highly context dependent. The issue of how context shapes both prominence perception and production is explored further in the corpus study reported here. Our analyses were based on the Bonn Prosodic Database (Heuft 1999), consisting of read speech that has been annotated for prominence using a quasi-gradual operationalisation of prominence of 31 levels.


We examine inter-channel and intra-channel crosstalk power penalties between non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) channels for microring-based silicon photonic interconnects. We first propose a new model that relates the crosstalk power penalty to the interfering signals power, the extinction ratio of the non-return-to-zero, OOK modulated "victim" channel, and finally the bit-error-ratio that the power penalty is referenced to. As for inter-channel crosstalk, the proposed model agrees well with our recent experimental measurements. We leverage this model to quantify crosstalk induced power penalties in a microring based WDM receiver. We also propose an optimization procedure to equilibrate the power penalty across channels. We then compare our model with intra-channel crosstalk measurements, where two NRZ channels are at the same wavelength and are simultaneously routed to different paths by two cascaded ring resonators. We remark that intra-channel crosstalk is very sensitive to the data rate of NRZ channels. As data rate increases, the observed disturbances exceed what models predict. Based on these observations, we propose an empirical modification of the original model for estimating intra-channel crosstalk power penalties in high (>20 Gb/s) data rate situations.


The effective and appropriate presentation of information is an es sential task in our information society. The better the information can be described, the be ter it can be presented. This paper presents an approach for modelling information and it s characteristics and describes, how it can be used for presentation g eneration. On the base of this approach we implemented a flexible framework for mult i edia presentation generation.


The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing five patterns of land development in rapid urbanized areas and identify problems the government faces.Method of case study was employed.The diversified land development patterns are common phenomena in rapid urbanized areas.It reflects,to some extents,the conflicts between traditional land use system and rapid social economic development.The management of collective-owned land transfer shall be unified.The management of taxes and fees in the process of transfer should be strengthened to prevent further loss of land revenue of the government.The coordination role of the government should be improved to achieve intensive and sustainable use of urban land.


In September 2010 MPS Limited undertook a short survey of librarians, addressing their use of usage statistics. Over 300 librarians responded. This article covers the findings. 97% of the librarians surveyed use usage statistics in some way. As would be expected, they find COUNTER‐compliant usage statistics invaluable and place their importance above non‐COUNTER‐compliant usage data. They also rely on this information as a major part of the decision‐making process when it comes to purchase and cancellation decisions.


In his 1854 "Postscript," the last of three essays collectively titled "On murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts," Thomas De Quincey uses the iconography of doors and thresholds to explore the dynamics of transgressive violence. Such liminal sites become metonymic analogues for his conception of masculinized agency, specifically in response to what in "The Household Wreck" (1838) he calls "the mighty Juggernaut of social life." They also function tropologically to develop his aesthetic of "dark" sublimity, as set forth in his well-known reflection, "On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth" (1823). In dramatizing the murderer John Williams' 1812 invasion of two homes in London's East End, De Quincey concentrates attention on moments of "suspersion," wherein we witness not simply the breaching of conventional boundaries between public and private spheres, but also the blurring of cultural constructions of value associated with them. Williams' depredations thus represent an ambivalent fetishizing of power that is inseparable from De Quincey's apprehensions regarding the "colossal pace of advance" in mid-Victorian England. Through its tracing of these tensions as figurative interspaces, the "Postscript" can be read as addressing certain symptoms and impasses of modernity, not least the simulacral nature of the "self." ********** Admong the topoi that figure prominently in Thomas De Quincey's iscursive prose as well as his Gothic fiction are doors, gates, and thresholds. Such iconography in the latter genre, of course, should come as no surprise. As numerous studies have shown, these tropes can be construed as boundary markers between "inner" and "outer," "self" and "other," or "private" and "public," often signifying the flexible interstices behind which lurks the Freudian "Uncanny." Hot all scholars, however, have been disposed to read these spatial metaphors as adumbrating some hidden or repressed interiority. In The Coherence of Gothic Conventions, for example, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick draws attention to how the psychoanalytic model privileges the idea of depth while devaluing that of surface, leaving unexplored the exchanges that occur in terms of contiguity (11-12). (1) Few would deny, I think, that De Quincey's oeuvre is rife with such architectural planes, or what the present essay will describe as liminal interspaces charged with the threat of transgressive violence. In "On Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts," I shall argue, these sites become metonymic analogues for his conception of masculinized agency, specifically in relation to what in an 1838 Gothic novella titled "The Household Wreck" he calls "the mighty Juggernaut of social life" (12:159). (2) An appropriate text with which to begin is the familiar reflection "On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth" (1823), included with several of De Quincey's extended papers on literary theory in David Masson's fourteen-volume edition of The Collected Writings. Anticipating twentieth-century subjective or affective criticism, the piece seeks to account for the Burkean "awfulness" and "solemnity" in the play immediately after Duncan's murder when Macduff and Lennox arrive at Dunsinane in Act 2. Before offering his explanation of this scene's impact, De Quincey exhorts the reader to ignore the barrier of "his understanding when it stands in opposition to any other faculty of his mind" (10:389). He then proceeds to draw a comparison with the perspectival "laws of vision": even as two rectilinear walls or juxtaposed houses cannot be apprehended properly "by a person looking down the street from one extremity," so the aesthetic power of the play's interlude cannot be grasped by one who refuses to abandon the "horizontal line" of self-distancing (10:390). Ours must instead be, De Quincey goes on to assert, "a sympathy of comprehension" that involves imaginative identification with the murderer (10:391). Within these few pages the essay maps a heuristic approach that deploys, almost unconsciously it seems, imagery of encroachment and surveillance, the setting being an ordinary neighborhood like that of Ratcliffe Highway in London's East End where John Williams "made his debut" in 1812 and "executed those unparalleled murders which have procured for him such a brilliant and undying reputation" (10:390). …


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Ottawa's great fire of 1900 destroyed much of a lumber manufacturing and working class area. The conflagration also revealed a set of tensions that pitted public safety against both the workers' need for cheap homes, safe from fire, and industry's needs for piling grounds for lumber. Politicians and the public agonized at length over the problem, but they achieved only deadlock and changed nothing.


The invention relates to a method for detecting multiple anions in water by using an indicator displacement colorimetric sensor array. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing several colored metal ion chelating agents and metal ion receptors which correspond to the colored metal ion chelating agents under the condition of an aqueous solution to obtain a chelate, so that the indicator displacement colorimetric sensor array is constructed; and displacing metal ions from the colored chelate by means of the precipitation reaction between different anions and metal ions and the effect of the further generation of complexes, so that the change of the color of the chelate is caused. By the method, whether ten kinds of trace amount of anions, namely S , F , Cl , Br , I , SO4 , PO4 , CrO4 , NO2 and C2O4 in water exceed the national discharge standard of sewage or drinking water can be rapidly determined. In the testing process of a sample, an atlas of the sample is compared with a ''fingerprint atlas'' by mathematical statistics methods such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis, so that an unknown anion is subjected to qualitative or semiquantitative analysis.


Particles and bubbles suspended in homogeneous isotropic turbulence are tracked and their collisions frequencies are determined as functions of particle Stokes number. The carrier phase velocity uctuations are determined by Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). The e ects of the dispersed phases on the carrier phase are neglected. Particles and bubbles of sizes on the order of Kolmogorov length scale are treated as point masses. In addition to Stokes drag, forces on the dispersed phases account for the pressure gradient in the carrier phase and added-mass force. Equations of motions of dispersed phases are integrated simultaneously with the equations of the carrier phase using the same time stepping scheme. The collision model used here allows overlap of particles and bubbles. Simulations for three turbulence Reynolds numbers Re = 57; 82; and 102 have been performed. Comparisons are made with Zaichik et al. model which is valid for an arbitrary Stokes number. In general, good agreement between DNS and Zaichik et al. model is obtained. For particle Stokes numbers around unity, collisions kernel of mono-disperse (particle-particle) predicted by DNS is higher than that of the model due to the accumulation e ects of particles. For particle-bubble collisions kernel, DNS predictions are in qualitative agreement with predictions by Zaichik et al. model.


This paper studies the effects of a one-child policy. A benchmark without the fertility constraint is compared to a counterfactual experiment with the fertility constraint in place. The results suggest that imposing the one-child policy promotes the accumulation of human capital and increases output per capita. In partial equilibrium , an unskilled adult's welfare is lowered by the policy. However, in general equilibrium, the policy triggers a decrease in the supply of unskilled labor, which increases the unskilled wage rate. Thus, an unskilled adult is in fact better off with the policy due to higher wages. This paper demonstrates the importance of accounting for general-equilibrium effects and heterogeneity when analyzing population policies.


The aim of this study was to identify whether there are differences between the performance of muscular groups of ankle, knee and hip among elderly people who didn't have falls and individuals who reported falls in the last six months. The study included 81 elderly aged 65 or older: 56 non-faller subjects (G1) and 25 faaller subjects (G2). To obtain the level of physical activity, the questionnaire Human Activity Profile was used, and the muscle function of the lower limbs was assessed using isokinetic dynamometer. The groups did not differ regarding age (p=0.925), duration (p=0.065) and frequency (p=0.302) of the practice of physical exercise, body mass index (BMI) (p=0.995) and level of physical activity (p=0.561). The G2 showed a lower performance of peak torque of left knee flexion and extension (p=0.027 and p=0.030, respectively) and work proportional to body weight (p=0.040) of left knee flexion at 60°/s; peak torque and work proportional to body weight of bilaterally knee flexion and extension at 180°/s (p<0.05) and average power of right and left knee extension (p=0.03). Most variables of ankle and hip joints did not differ between groups. Only peak torque of left hip extension was significantly higher in the non-faller group (p=0.035). It is important to consider knee muscle function in the clinical evaluation of elderly in order to make the intervention more assertive and thus to prevent falls.


Part of the research conducted during the project «Public assessment of the state of implementation of state documents on gender equality» in conjunction with the Kyiv Institute for Gender Studies with the financial support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark is presented. The analysis of scientific works confirmed the relevance of the study of the determinants of gender policy in the context of covid-19 and revealed a lack of research on the implementation of state documents on gender equality by local authorities. The purpose of the article was to identify the state of implementation of the State Social Program to ensure equal rights and opportunities for women and men for the period up to 2021 in Ternopil region. The following methods were used: analysis of secondary information; questionnaires; observation; personal interviews; method of comparative analysis; graphic method; synthesis; generalization; grouping. Information requests were sent to the executive authorities in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Access to Public Information". The conducted research allows doing the followings conclusions: 1. 69% of all tasks envisaged by the State Program have been completed. 2. There is no separate regional program for the implementation of the State Program in Ternopil region; the measures are integrated into other regional non-gender programs. 3. Volumes of financing for performance of tasks of the State program from the regional budget made 92,5 thousand UAH. 4. 44% of all measures of the State Program have been implemented. 5. Many activities were aimed at training industry professionals; development of women's leadership skills; information and educational activities; promoting women's self-employment. 6. The largest number of uncompleted tasks required analytical, organizational, informational and educational work. 7. The amount of funding for the tasks of the State Social Program amounted to 278.5 thousand UAH. The need to intensify the implementation of state documents on gender equality at the regional level has been identified. Further research will focus on the analysis of the state of implementation by local authorities of the National Action Plan to implement the recommendations set out in the concluding observations of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.


Air pollution episodes in the greater Athens area for the period 1984–1994 were examined to assess the type, frequency and repetitivity of air pollution in the examined area. The assessment depends strongly on the definition of an air pollution episode (APE), namely if it is the narrow or broad one. Results from the statistical analysis of the data record‐on the basis of the broad definition of the APE‐show a declining trend in the number of APEs especially for non‐photochemical species, a sharp increase of APEs from 1987 to 1993 due to high ozone levels and a similarly sharp decrease thereafter, and a decreasing trend of nitrogen dioxide episodes from the year 1992 thereon. Interannual examination of APEs shows that they occur in higher numbers during the period November to January and in the period May to July. Finally an examination of the number of days for which urgent‐short term‐measures were taken to reduce high levels of atmospheric pollution, shows a decreasing trend from 1989, with the exception...


In a pair of planar graphs (G, Gd), with Gd being the dual graph of G, a sequence of distinct edges is a dual-Euler trail if it is a trail both in G and in Gd. A set of disjoint dual-Euler trails that simultaneously cover G and Gd is called a dual-cover. We present an O(log n) time and O(n) processors algorithm, in PRAM model, based on the graph separator theory, for obtaining a minimum cardinality dual-cover in a pair of series-parallel graphs (G, Gd), where n is the total number of edges. We employ the proposed algorithm to obtain a minimum-area VLSI layout of CMOS functional cells. Our algorithm, when implemented in a serial environment performs better than previous algorithms and produces more compact layouts.


The possibility of making acceptably accurate monopole input impedance and gain measurements on a reduced-size ground plane is discussed. Existing measured and calculated data show that the diameter of a highly conducting ground plane should be at least 4 lambda (where lambda is the wavelength) for measuring the input impedance of quarter-wavelength monopoles. At 25 MHz, the lowest frequency considered here, such a ground plane would require a space at least 48 m in diameter. The model impedance measurements and calculations presented imply that a reduced space of only 10 m by 11 m is required if 16 resistively loaded wire radials are connected to a 3.66 by 4.88-m rectangular aluminum ground plane, thus effectively 'extending' the ground plane by the resistive loading. Measured insertion-loss data acquired using a 1:5 scale-model ground plane with resistively loaded radials indicate that the plane is sufficiently large for gain measurements as well. Measured and calculated monopole standing-wave ratio and insertion loss on a full-scale ground plane verify the results of the model measurements. >


The authors of this article describe the current situation in the service organization of the road border crossing points of the State Border Guard (SBG) of the Republic of Latvia. There are summarized the information based about the legal acts regulating the systematic border control in the international and national legislation and the essence of their execution. There are analysed the use of human resources and possible solutions at the border crossing points and are provided comparative description of the border control points, emphasizing positive and negative features, and also the need for different approaches to service organization by organizing effective systematic border control.


This dissertation investigates the use of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to determine a search path to find a solution of an unconstrained optimization problem. Two strategies, linesearch and trust-region, are the basis of current optimization algorithms. They are affected either by the definiteness of the Hessian matrix at any iteration or by the scaling of the optimization problem. A third strategy to solve unconstrained optimization problems is the method of gradients. It was originally proposed in 1941 by Courant as a variational method for numerically solving partial differential equations (PDEs) arising in problems of equilibrium and vibrations. While historically much of the motivation for the method of gradients and the mathematical analysis behind it came from the desire to solve PDEs, the function it seeks to minimize need not come from a PDE. Indeed, the method of gradients is a general-purpose method to solve unconstrained optimization problems. Its convergence theory requires knowledge of the objective function at a continuum of points. The method has not found general acceptance because of the difficulties inherent in solving a system of nonlinear ODEs. Recently, Behrman proposed a method of gradients based upon the solution of a system of n linear ODEs, where n denotes the number of independent variables of the objective function. Here we propose a method similar in spirit to the original method of gradients, but one that requires the solution of a system of only two linear ODEs. These equations are definable and solvable regardless of the nature of the Hessian matrix, and their solutions are unaffected by poor scaling. We show that the new algorithm converges to a point satisfying the first and second-order necessary conditions for local unconstrained optimality. This approach is also efficient for large-scale problems. Numerical testing was performed on a Silicon Graphics Origin 2000 running IRIX64 release 6.5.6m. v


We present mean-nonovershooting tracking control designs for stochastic strict-feedback nonlinear systems. Compared with the existing stochastic nonlinear tracking designs, the advantage of our design is that arbitrary reference trajectories can be tracked "from below." We first consider a special class of stochastic nonlinear systems where the diffusion terms satisfy the linear growth condition and the drift terms are in special triangular forms. A new controller is designed to guarantee that the mean of the system output can asymptotically track a given trajectory without overshooting while keeping all of the states mean-square bounded. In this case, an appealing feature in our design is that strict mean-nonovershooting tracking is achieved while the existing results on nonlinear systems with deterministic disturbance can only achieve practical nonovershooting tracking. Then, we design a new controller for general stochastic strict-feedback nonlinear systems to ensure that the mean of overshoot can be tuned to be arbitrarily small while all the states of the closed-loop system remain bounded in probability. In this case, the new design ingredient is that our control gains are independent of the initial conditions of system states, and the initial conditions of derivatives of the reference trajectory. This is in contrast with the existing results on corresponding deterministic systems whose control gains heavily rely on these initial conditions. Finally, two simulation examples are given to illustrate the stochastic nonlinear nonovershooting tracking designs.


The aim of the investigation is to show that Jane Austen's Mansfield Park is a novel centred on a conflict between feeling understood as represented sentiment and feeling understood as affective im ...


Analysis of the pediatric clinic medical in guiding work of the existing problems,in view of the related question take practical countermeasure.The pediatric outpatient guidance nurses enhancing pediatric specialty knowledge training,do a good job in pediatric outpatient health education,strengthening the communication between nurses and patients,improve nursing quality.To solve the problem that exists in the job,improve the quality of nursing.Improving pediatric outpatient department work satisfaction.


Osimertinib (AZD9291) is a third‐generation EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that selectively inhibits the activating EGFR mutation and T790M mutation, and is currently used globally to treat EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance to osimertinib is inevitable.


Review of the literature on union catalogs published during the last five years. Developments in the area of distributed search gave place to the creation of virtual union catalogs. Characteristics of both traditional and virtual union catalogs are analyzed, comparing their respective advantages and disadvantages.


More and more researches showed that the environmental hormone was related with the wild animals and human reproduction,development and abnormal behavior.This paper intensively introduced the definition,kind,harm,analytical methods of the environmental hormone,and also discussed the research status and the control measures.


This article presents an analysis of generations based on the theory of N. Howe and W. Strauss. The distinctive features and values of generations, as well as the reasons for their formation, are considered. Mostly questions about representatives of Generation Z are considered. The aspects of the modern generation are compared with those preceding it.


Some recently developed Pima genotypes tend to be short in stature and may be suitable for narrow -row culture under certain environments. To better understand the phenotypic expression of plant height in these genotypes, three short (P51, P58, and P62) and three tall (P53, P59, and S -6) genotypes were defruited throughout the boll production period, and their heights were compared to those of normally fruited plants. Heights were measured on August 11 and 23, and September 21, 1983.


Primarily using cropped systems, previous studies have reported a positive linear relationship between microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil organic carbon (SOC). We conducted a meta-analysis to explore this relationship separately for grasslands and croplands using available literature. Studies were limited to those using fumigation–extraction for MBC for field samples. Trials were noted separately where records were distinct in space or time. Grasslands were naturally occurring, restored, or seeded. Cropping systems were typical of the temperate zone. MBC had a positive linear response to increasing SOC that was significant in both grasslands (p < 0.001; r2 = 0.76) and croplands (p < 0.001; r2 = 0.48). However, MBC increased 2.5-fold more steeply per unit of increasing SOC for grassland soils, as compared to the corresponding response in cropland soils. Expressing MBC as a proportion of SOC across the regression overall, slopes corresponded to 2.7% for grasslands and 1.1% for croplands. The slope of the linear relationship for grasslands was significantly (p = 0.0013) steeper than for croplands. The difference between the two systems is possibly caused by a greater proportion of SOC in grasslands being active rather than passive, relative to that in croplands, with that active fraction promoting the formation of MBC.


String equations related to 2D gravity seem to provide, quite naturally and systematically, integrable kernels, in the sense of Its-Izergin-Korepin and Slavnov. Some of these kernels (besides the "classical" examples of Airy and Pearcey) have already appeared in random matrix theory and they have a natural Wronskian structure, given by one of the operators in the string relation [ L ± , Q ± ] = ± 1, namely L ± . The kernels are intimately related to wave functions for Gel'fand-Dickey reductions of the KP hierarchy. The Fredholm determinants of these kernels also satisfy Virasoro constraints leading to PDEs for their log derivatives, and these PDEs depend explicitly on the solutions of Painlev´e–like systems of ODEs equivalent to the relevant string relations. We give some examples coming from critical phenomena in random matrix theory (higher order Tracy–Widom distributions) and statistical mechanics (Ising models).


A novel Single Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (SLPHP) filled at 60% filling ratio with pure ethanol, with an inner diameter of 2mm is tested in Bottom Heated mode varying the heating power. The system is designed with two sapphire tubes mounted between the evaporator and the condenser allowing simultaneous fluid flow high-speed visualizations and IR analysis. Furthermore, two highly accurate pressure transducers carry out local pressure measurements just at the ends of one of the sapphire inserts. Additionally, three heating elements are controlled independently, in such a way to heat up the device varying the distribution of the heating location at the evaporator. It is found that peculiar heating distributions promote the slug/plug flow motion in a preferential direction, increasing the overall performance of the device. Pressure measurements point out that the flow patterns are strictly related to the pressure drop between the evaporator and the condenser. Furthermore, the IR visualization highlights interesting phenomena related to the liquid film dynamics during the device operations, which represent a very useful information for future numerical modeling of Pulsating Heat Pipes.


Two surveys were carried out, one in indication of the total amount of photosynMay and June 1954 and the other in April thesis and plant pigment in the water 1955, to determine the photosynthetic rates column at any point. ( Steemann Nielsen 1952) and chlorophyll In general, whenever there exists within c1 ( Richards with Thompson 1952) concenan area both low photosynthetic activity trations of the phytoplankton at the surface and low standing crops, the area in question in the pelagic area. Since there is general will be incapable of supporting sizable popagreement between the magnitude of phoulations of zooplankton and fish for any tosynthetic rates and chlorophyll a concenappreciable length of time. This would not trations at the surface and those for the be true if allochthonous biotic elements entire euphotic zone, it was believed that were introduced into a barren area by surface observations would give a reliable currents.


Garlic is a bulbous root of Allium sativum with antitumor,antimicrobial,and hy-polipidemic effects. Its main chemical constituents are composed of organosulfur compounds and steroid saponins. The organosulur compounds can be subdivided into lipid - soluble and water - soluble compounds . The former possesses a stronger antitumor effect while the latter have a stronger hypolipidemic effect. The water-soluble component has a very minor toxicity and worth to be further studied.


This paper presents an advanced architecture for autonomous sensing (AS) within underground water pipelines. This AS architecture consists of a free-moving wireless sensor that communicates wirelessly with a relay stations fixed on the ground. This sensor is equipped with a hydrophone that captures the internal state of the pipe by continuously sensing the noise signal. The data is transmitted wirelessly to the relay nodes and then to a central server on real-time basis for further analysis. Advanced algorithms are applied on the data to get useful information about existing or futuristic leakages. A novel experimental setup has been designed and built for carrying out preliminary experiments. The acquired results have shown both the ability to detect leakages and to identify their magnitude.