A process for cleaning a silicon electrode is provided where the silicon electrode is soaked in an agitated aqueous detergent solution and rinsed with water following removal from the aqueous detergent solution. The rinsed silicon electrode is then soaked in an agitated isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solution and rinsed. The silicon electrode is then subjected to an ultrasonic cleaning operation in water following removal from the IPA solution. Contaminants are then removed from the silicon electrode by soaking the silicon electrode in an agitated mixed acid solution comprising hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, and water. The silicon electrode is subjected to an additional ultrasonic cleaning operation following removal from the mixed acid solution and is subsequently rinsed and dried. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, it is contemplated that the silicon electrode can be soaked in either the agitated aqueous detergent solution, the agitated isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solution, or both. Additional embodiments are contemplated, disclosed, and claimed.


and traveler that Ukrainians should be proud and promote the works of M. Miklouho-Maclay. It is important that the place of science in culture and history, its features during different historical epochs remain constant objects of philosophical comprehension and interpretation. The author of the novel dwelled in detail on the scientific research of the scientist. The methodology of work consists of such intellectual approaches as system-structural, interdisciplinary and comparative methods. The conclusions emphasize the importance of the creative work of the Volyn writer. His ability to convincingly describe the historical epoch: there is a successful combination of professionalism and talent of the writer. Readers observe how, on the one hand, a new history of knowledge of other peoples of New Guinea, Oceania, etc. was being created, and on the other hand, their history was coming to an end, which was destroyed with the arrival of «white» people. As an exception - Miklouho-Maclay, who drew attention to the problems of lost civilizations.


A survey of people with schizophrenia in an inner-city general practice was undertaken to identify levels of social disability, service receipt and patterns of care received. Contacts with general practitioners, psychiatrists, community psychiatric nurses and social workers were quantified, and the nature of the contacts assessed. Overall social disability for the group was marked (mean Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) rating 55.5). There was a correlation coefficient of +0.899 between the numbers of agencies involved and the overall HoNOS scores suggesting appropriate targeting of care. While there were few differences in the HoNOS ratings of the various contact subsets, there were significant differences in the extent of agencies contact with patients, the greatest number of contacts being in general practice. Limited information sharing, the absence of a formal shared care plan and sectorisation of services are thought to obstruct more effective general practice involvement in care.


Agropolitan area is a concept of functional space based on agricultural production, which requires a specific population density as a capital for the productivity of the rural regions with the support of urban utilities and social infrastructure/social space. Weak social capital makes the agropolitan area grow slowly. This is the impact of unplanned productive social space as a vehicle for social capital's growth implemented in regional plans. However, social interactions occur if the social infrastructure is well articulated in creating spatial productivity, production, and multiphase inheritance for the sustainability of agribusiness activities. This study aims to identify the importance of social productive space in the form of social infrastructure to increase the social capital in agropolitan area. The method used is a case study to observe social processes that occur from time to time, supported by in-depth interview. The results indicate a typology of social capital that is not formed instantly, but contains a long history over time due to the repetition of interaction between communities in social spaces that are not technically constructed and unplanned in the agropolitan area spatial planning. This productive space is a place to build social closeness through repetition of interaction, sharing, knowledge transfer, equalization of perceptions involving residents, and collaboration between individuals and groups. The productive space in the form of social infrastructure consists of mosques, sports fields, markets, community meeting rooms (bale), business group rooms, and farmer groups. Therefore, the plan document must consider the functioning of social space and adaptive social space based on IT connections (cafes, sports clubs, open spaces, bale, and mosque grounds) into agropolitan spatial planning.


The problem of carrier synchronization frequency offset is considered. New frequency estimation algorithms for the data-aided (DA), the decision directed (DD), and the nondata-aided (NDA) mode are derived from the maximum likelihood principle. Their performance is assessed by both analysis and simulation, and the error variance is compared to the Cramer-Rao bound. The resulting open-loop system for estimating and correcting frequency and carrier phase for a coherent M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) transmission system is presented and verified. Implementation issues like filter functions and nonlinearities are addressed. It is found that the proposed structures provide optimal synchronization at high SNR and robust synchronization even at low SNR.<<ETX>>


Based on an example of the reconstruction of a hot water heating system, this paper provides an analysis and comparison of the operations of hot water heating systems, including supply water temperature adjustment, flow adjustment during each heating period, and temperature-flow adjustment with frequency control. The study shows the most energy efficient operating method is a variable flow heating system, which should be popularized to the heating field.


The child support enforcement program has as its primary purpose the collection of child support payments for custodial parents and their children. The program is administered by county district attorneys. It results in savings to the state because most of the collections made on behalf of families receiving aid under the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) program are used to offset the public costs of CalWORKs grants.


Mobile networks have significant impact on many aspects of our everyday lives. The number of users and requirements increase continuously, which poses many challenges to service providers. Efficient resource planning and ability to adapt to current demands are crucial when it comes to deployment of large-scale and high-performance commercial mobile networks. Leveraging modelling and simulation tools provides faster and cheaper analysis of planned deployments. In this paper, a framework aiming modelling, simulation and planning of mobile networks within smart cities is presented. The solution makes use of GPGPU approach for faster calculations.


. The article is devoted to the study of lexical units denoting emotions and mental states used in the coverage of socio-political events in German-language online media. The sources were information messages Deutsche Welle (until 2022), SPIEGEL, Das Erste, Tagesschau, Mor-genpost, Learngerman. The material was 24 lexical units: 18 nouns, 1 adjective, 4 participles, 1 verb. The study analyzed proposals in German with lexical units Schock ('shock'), Entsetzen ('hor-ror', 'harsh rejection'), Sorge ('concern'), Bestürzung ('embarrassment', 'confusion', 'numbness', 'shock', 'confusion'), Schande ('shame'), Besorgnis ('concern', 'fear'), Verachtung ('contempt', 'neglect'), Skepsis ('doubt', 'skepticism'), Erleichterung ('relief'), Zurückhaltung ('restraint'), Empörung ('resentment', 'outrage'), Unsicherheit ('uncertainty'), Schreck, Schrecken ('horror'), Wut ('anger', 'rage', 'anger'), Trauer ('sadness'), Angst ('fear'), Hilflosigkeit ('helplessness'), Schuldgefühl ('guilt'), empört ('outraged', 'indignant'), abstoßend ('disgusting', 'repulsive'), schrecklich ('terrible'), besorgt ('disturbed'), schockiert ('shocked'), bedauern ('regret') . Only one lexical unit has a positive connotation – Erleichterung (relief), All other express negative emotions and mental states of high intensity. The analysis confirmed the assumption that the vocabulary de-noting emotions and mental states is used primarily in reports of sad, tragic events. The purpose of using such lexical units is to enhance the effect produced on the recipient. In the future, the studies carried out can be supplemented with a comparative study of lexical units denoting emotions and mental states in modern news reports and information materials of the second half of the 20th century, in order to identify similarities and differences.


Given the context of heterogeneous networks, there is a need to decide which network to associate a mobile device at any given time, to give the user the network that best fits your needs. Accordingly, several algorithms have been proposed to assist in the decision process of handover. The work presented here is to propose a testing framework for handover decision algorithms in heterogeneous networks. With the proposed framework was examined the operation of a decision method based on Analytic Hierarchy Process. We also observed the impact of QoS parameters used as criteria for the decision.


The impact of strong wind and rain loads will adversely affect the reliability of the overhead lines, it's necessary to study changes in risk of transmission system and establish the reliability model of overhead lines through the strong wind and rain loads. In this article, the stochastic properties of overhead lines' strength and loads were used, according to principles of structural reliability, time-dependent failure probability model of overhead lines was established under the impact of strong wind and rain loads. Simulation of the IEEE-79 system demonstrates that failure probability model is effective. This simulation result also shows that the impact of strong wind and rain loads will seriously affect reliability indices of system loads, rain loads cannot be ignored under
strong wind and rain loads.


To measure the noise footprint of a helicopter approach procedure, microphones are usually distributed over a large area. In this paper, however, a method is utilized where the measurement of the noise footprint is conducted in parts by distributing the microphones over a limited area and executing the same approach procedure, while the position of the landing point is shifted. The flight tests are conducted with the EC135-ACT/FHS helicopter. Guidance to the pilots is provided by use of a "tunnel-in-the-sky" head down pilot display. Since the same flight procedure is executed multiple times, it is possible to conduct a statistical analysis on the accuracy and reproducibility of the approach procedure in terms of position, velocity, and generated noise. This statistical analysis shows that the geometric accuracy is on the order of 6 m in the horizontal plane and 12 m in the vertical plane. The variations in the measured sound exposure level from one approach to another are on the order of 3–7.5 dB(A). The approach procedure is also executed with excessive cyclic pilot control inputs to identify an upper limit of the extra noise generated by unsteady flight. However, these approaches are indistinguishable, in terms of the sound exposure level or sound pressure level, from the approaches with normal pilot control inputs.


This paper expounds the developing history of e-commerce,analyzes on the current main trade modes of e-commerce,and forecasts the developing trend of the trade modes in the future.


With ever increasing number of documents on web and other repositories, the task of organizing and categorizing these documents to the diverse need of the user by manual means is a complicated job, hence a machine learning technique named clustering is very useful. Text documents are clustered by pair wise similarity of documents with similarity measures like Cosine, Jaccard or Pearson. Best clustering results are seen when overlapping of terms in documents is less, that is, when clusters are distinguishable. Hence for this problem, to find document similarity we apply link and neighbor introduced in ROCK. Link specifies number of shared neighbors of a pair of documents. Significantly similar documents are called as neighbors. This work applies links and neighbors to Bisecting K-means clustering in identifying seed documents in the dataset, as a heuristic measure in choosing a cluster to be partitioned and as a means to find the number of partitions possible in the dataset. Our experiments on real-time datasets showed a significant improvement in terms of accuracy with minimum time.


The god of thunder is worshiped by the Yue People in South China and it has prevailed for thousands of years.The goddess of Longmu(mother of the dragon) is said to be born among the Yue People and she became a goddess as a result of the introduction of the Han Chinese culture.The god of fubo(to conquer waves) is produced by the Chinese officials.As for the god of sanjie(Heaven,man's world and the nether world) and the goddess of Birth,one is the local chief and wizard and the other is introduced by Chinese culture.They are accepted as a result of the social development.The above-mentioned gods and goddesses are worshipped by people in South China and they do their own duties,controlling the thinking way of the Yue People and their offspring in South China,and determining their world values and keeping their belief in the witchcraft stage.


The paper is reporting a new experimental technique to study the dynamic behaviour of composite materials subjected to bending direct impact. It is based on the Hopkinson bar system allowing to observe material behaviour at very high impact velocities. The material used to perform the tests is a woven glass-fibre-reinforced Polyamide 6.


Background/Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of complementary-alternative therapy that could reduce side effects of medical treatment by analyzing and researching the decrease of cellulite which is an element of obesity with the use of aroma therapy among complementary-alternative therapies. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study surveyed the general characteristics and lifestyle habits by using the questionnaire targeting the female university students with cellulite, conducted the experimental treatment on thighs and abdomen by using essential oil, and then measured changes before/after the treatment. Using the SPSS PC + Window ver. 25.0, this study conducted the frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and ANOVA. Findings: In the results of this study, first, the equivalence test on the general characteristics and lifestyle habits of research subjects did not show significant differences. Second, the sizes of thigh and abdomen in the experimental group using essential oil were significantly decreased, which was statistically significant. Improvements/Applications: This study verified the effects of aroma therapy on the decrease of obesity(cellulite). There should be continuous follow-up researches on the verification of various complementary-alternative therapies.


Introduction: Several reports have described central sleep apnea (CSA) or hypoventilation in patients with brainstem lesions. In one case, central hypoventilation occurred in a patient with acoustic neuroma and brainstem compression. We present a patient with CSA associated with acoustic neuroma without apparent brainstem compression. Report of Case: A 50 year-old obese man with a history of acoustic neuroma was referred to sleep clinic with complaints of snoring, witnessed apneas, and daytime somnolence. Symptoms attributed to the tumor included reduced hearing and vertigo with left facial palsy and numbness. MRI reports described the lesion as a 1.3 x 0.7 x 0.7 cm mass located within the left internal auditory canal arising from the inferior vestibular nerve complex without evident brainstem compression. Splitnight polysomnography demonstrated a baseline apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 76/hr, 48/hr central/mixed apneas and 16/hr hypopneas with an ataxic pattern. During CPAP titration to 12 cm H2O, AHI decreased to 6.7/hr, but with continuous reduced oxygen saturation (89%). Pulmonary function tests and an ABG determination showed a mild restrictive defect and PaCO2 34 mmHg. He was subsequently successfully titrated to ASV with 4 L O2, but was unable to tolerate it during a 12 month trial. He related that oxygen alone improved his symptoms. Ambulatory sleep testing on 4 L O2 demonstrated persistent respiratory events (REI 76.7/ hr). He was then started on CPAP 12 cm with 4L O2 bleed-in. At the last clinic visit, the patient demonstrated improved PAP adherence and daytime symptoms with a residual AHI 7.9/hr. Conclusion: In this case, an acoustic neuroma without apparent brain stem involvement was associated with CSA in an ataxic pattern. We postulate that focal tumor effects on the pontine pneumotaxic and apneustic centers may have led to sleep disordered breathing.


e21570Background: Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) is commonly recommended as a preoperative treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancers (BC). However, several studies have shown tha...


Graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu is very promising for future graphene applications, as it meets the two requirements for batch production, namely: 1) large size and self limitation to a single-layer of graphene and 2) easy transfer onto arbitrary substrates [1-4]. New insights for controlling CVD processes, e.g. leading to dendritic growth of graphene flakes [5], or allowing for controlling the size of hexagonal islands [6], were recently demonstrated.


The coating of orthopedic and dental implants with hydroxyapatite (HA) is recognized as a method to increase their integration ability. A new metal coating method, comprising simultaneous precipitation and electrodeposition, is presented. Two studies are described: the first is related to the influence of time/temperature increase on the morpho-structural characteristics of the deposited layer on the Ti substrate, while the second study presents the characteristics of the layers deposited on different metal substrates. For comparison, specimens were obtained using the classical electrochemical deposition under the same experimental conditions. The addition of Ca to the electrolyte creates more compact and more uniform coatings, while the addition of P creates more porous layers. Only a very small quantity of crystalline HA deposited on the C55, Cu, and Ni substrates when the classic electrodeposition method was employed, while using the new approach has clearly led to a larger crystalline HA amount electrodeposited on the same types of metals. With some exceptions, the advantages of using the new method are: better crystallinity, more uniform and continuous surface, higher roughness, and potentially higher anti-corrosion capabilities.


In this paper, the performance of the Gibbs sampler is examined in a setting where analytical results are readily available, the multivariate normal distribution. Two questions are studied: (i) How many initial iterates should be discarded until the Gibbs sampler converges, and (ii) if every k-th iterate is used, how large should k be so that the retained iterates are nearly independent? Formulas are reviewed for the mean vector and the covariance matrix at iteration j, as is an expression for the autocorrelations between iterates which are k iterations apart. The case when all correlations of the multivariate normal distribution are the same is studied in some detail, and an example is given.


Starting from an understanding of peace journalism that regards it not as an antipode, but as a necessary prerequisite of good journalism, the present paper undertakes a synthesis of the theses and antitheses presented by David Loyn, Thomas Hanitzsch, Jake Lynch and Samuel Peleg in conflict & communication online, Vol. 6, No. 2. The author locates the tasks of the peace journalistic program in the study of the conditions and possibilities under which journalists can actually do their work better in war and crisis situations, as well as in the provision and practical realization of the competencies that are necessary for this. Although peace journalism will occupy a minority position in the foreseeable future in conflict and crisis communication, even from this position it can contribute to making media discourse on conflicts more transparent and balanced and protecting conflict coverage from the fateful propaganda traps into which traditional war reporting is continually falling. As a precondition for this many myths must be critically examined that journalism shares with media sciences, and a clear line must be drawn between journalism and public relations. In particular, journalists must be warned not to prematurely cast the traditional tools of good journalism overboard. Of course it is urgently necessary that the usual understanding of objectivity in journalism must be revised and constructively enhanced; to radically turn away from the demand for objectivity not only endangers the acceptance of the peace journalistic project in the journalist community, however, it also can cause peace journalism to squander the trust bonus that its recipients have granted it.  2007 by verlag irena regener berlin 1 Wilhelm Kempf conflict & communication online, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2007 Peace journalism: A tightrope walk between advocacy journalism and constructive conflict coverage Toward the end of the last millennium, peace researchers, journalists and media people began to think about how the potential of the media could be used not only to fuel conflicts, but rather to encourage peaceful conflict settlement and serve as mediators of peace-building and reconciliation processes. What was initially still an academic project quickly developed into a movement that united under the slogan of "peace journalism" in part quite heterogeneous efforts. And as any movement, it brought about its critics as well: media researchers and journalists who regard the peace journalism movement as an assault on the integrity of journalism and its professional norms. The present paper takes up the arguments of some of the most prominent opponents and adherents of the peace journalism project and presents a point of view, under which they can be reconciled. If peace journalism is understood the right way, it is not an antipode of good journalism but its necessary prerequisite. 1. Journalism or public relations? The term peace journalism combines two elements that are difficult to harmonize: peace and journalism. Journalism is a form of public communication that is subject to professional norms. Because of these norms it differs from other types of public communication, for example, Public Relations. The professional norms of good journalism include in particular the following: truthfulness, objectivity, neutrality and detachment. For Public Relations these norms are at best irrelevant. The only thing that matters is success. And this success is measured in terms of achieving specific communication aims which are "externally defined by a client, host organization or particular groups of stakeholders" (Hanitzsch, 2007, 2). Typical aims are, e.g., to convince the public of the attractiveness of a product, of the justice of one's own political goals or also of the wrongfulness of a political opponent. Good journalism differs from Public Relations precisely because it does not aim to influence the public, but rather pursues only the goal of reporting truthfully about reality. As David Loyn, a BBC correspondent and prominent critic of peace journalism, has maintained: "Our task is always to seek to find out what is going on, not carrying any other baggage" (Loyn, 2003). Good journalism has just one aim: to represent reality accurately. The other characteristics of good journalism – objectivity, neutrality and detachment – are means to reach this aim (Loyn, 2007). Peace journalism combines journalism with peace as an external aim. It understands itself as "a normative mode of responsible and conscientious media coverage of conflict that aims at contributing to peacemaking, peacekeeping, and changing the attitudes of media owners, advertisers, professionals, and audiences towards war and peace" (Shinar, 2007, 2). A goal conflict arises out of this that arouses concern that peace journalism "could compromise the integrity of journalists and confuse their role as neutral disseminators of facts" (Loyn, 2003). This concern is all the more justified because some supporters of peace journalism seem all too inclined to underrate values like objectivity, neutrality and detachment (e.g., Mc Goldrick, 2006; Peleg, 2007) and to lump peace journalism together with other terms (e.g., Shinar, 2007, 4) "that refer to advocacy models of reporting – such as the 'journalism of attachment' (Bell, 1997), 'victim journalism' (Hume, 1997), 'justice journalism' (Messman, 2001), and 'engaged journalism' (Lynch, 2003)." According to Lynch & McGoldrick (2005, quoted in McGoldrick, 2006, 4), "peace journalism is when editors and reporters make choices – of what stories to report, and how to report them". The two together, disregarding the tools of good journalism and understanding peace journalism as a form of advocacy journalism, create a dangerous mix which is prone to abuse the noble goal of peace as a legitimation for biased coverage. Journalism of this kind "will not stand neutrally between good and evil, right and wrong, the victim and the oppressor" (Bell, 1997, 8). Where this can ultimately lead has been shown in a fateful manner by the journalism of attachment. When journalists go on a "crusade against conventional reporting" (Peleg, 2007, 5), they all too easily become recruits for the propaganda war (Kempf, 2003). But peace propaganda is nothing other than propaganda either, and a peace journalism that crosses the border to propaganda does not deserve to bear the name of journalism. According to a proposal by Thomas Hanitzsch (2007), it ought to be banished to the domain of Public Relations. A peace journalism that deserves the name is only conceivable as good journalism and requires more than just good will and a moral impetus. 2. Journalistic responsibility Impartiality and objectivity are indispensable tools of good journalism, and David Loyn is right when he concludes that the reporter's tools need to be sharpened, not altered. "Rather than disregard the concept, it is more fruitful to consider the structures that support better or worse practice" (Loyn, 2007, 5).  2007 by verlag irena regener berlin 2 Wilhelm Kempf conflict & communication online, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2007 Peace journalism: A tightrope walk between advocacy journalism and constructive conflict coverage As soon as we call for better practice, however, it turns out that truth or truthfulness are not values in themselves. The striving for truth in particular meets an obvious practical need. Truthfulness makes it possible to add to our knowledge stock the experiences of others as guides for our own actions. Since we draw on them all the time, reliance on the assertions of others is an indispensable element of our own everyday life practice. That is, there is a justified interest in being sure that only statements will be made that can be defended in every case (and not just to uncritical or uninformed opponents) (cf. Kambartel, 1968). This applies in particular to the assertions of journalism, and even more so to conflict journalism. War and peace are events of existential significance that no one can disregard. When Jörg Becker (2002) maintains that the media have a political obligation to participate in and stand up for peace of their own accord, this is not just the opinion of a German political scientist, but rather the consensus of the legal framework and codes of conduct established by international and national law, trade unions and responsible media institutions. Art. 3 of the 1978 UNESCO Media Declaration, for instance, states that, "the mass media have an important contribution to make to the strengthening of peace and international understanding and in countering racialism, apartheid and incitement to war" (UNESCO, 1979, 102). Also the numerous ethical codes for journalists that apply in almost all the countries of the world give expression to similar self-imposed obligations and contain the obligation to act for peace and against any kind of war propaganda (cf. Becker, 2004). David Loyn also honors these codes of conduct for providing a framework which enables journalists to engage in robust skeptical inquiry, but also to comply with libel laws and remain on the right side of civilized discourse. Even if he fears that "highly prescriptive rules" might "inhibit good journalism," Loyn (2007, 2) has thereby approached a perspective that sees no insurmountable conflicts between objectivity and normativity. And with the insight that "a sideeffect of my reporting may be that it makes conflict resolution harder or easier," Loyn (2007, 9) comes closer to peace journalism than he thinks. Journalists are responsible for the way, for how they report; and even the creation of "opportunities for society at large to consider and to value non-violent responses to conflict," as called for by Lynch & McGoldrick (2005, quoted in McGoldrick, 2006, 4), is not an external goal imposed on journalism from outside. The obligation to create these opportunities results directly from the role assigned to journalism in de


Integrated spatial planning as a guide for coordinated urban-rural development must have strong policy and institutional support..Based on a summary and analysis of problems encountered in the practice of urban-rural integrated planning, the paper reconstructs the policy and institutional framework of spatial planning and discusses the compatibility of policies and institutional innovations.


Preterm labor is the major cause of preterm birth that affects 12–18% of all births in India. Cervical shortening or effacement is one of the first steps in the parturition process. In the present study the mean cervical length at 11-14weeks for the term delivered group is 4.04+-0.35cms and the mean cervical length for the preterm delivered group 3.85±0.33 cms. The cervical length at 18-22 weeks was significantly shorter in the group that had preterm deliveries (2.77 cms) than in those who had term deliveries (3.74 cms) (P < 0.001). The cervical length at 18-22 weeks in the group that delivered preterm was significantly shorter than in those who had delivered at term. The mean cervical length showed a gradual decrease from the first to the second scan and an increased risk for preterm delivery was seen in those cases which demonstrated a rapid shortening in cervical length.

Keywords: Cervical length, Preterm labor, Predictive value, Transvaginal ultrasound


O P / PO STIO N S Improving Predictions of the Urban Wind Environment Using Data Analysis of the urban wind environment can play an important role in the design of sustainable urban areas. The wind patterns in the urban canopy can affect citizen comfort, safety, and health, as well as building energy consumption. For example, local accelerations of wind flow around high-rise buildings can create uncomfortable or even dangerous conditions for pedestrians; interference effects between different buildings can generate complex wind loading phenomena that compromise resilience to extreme wind events; the local wind field can influence the capability to use air flow driven by natural wind and buoyancy to ventilate or cool buildings and reduce building energy consumption; and wind patterns will affect the transport of pollutants and heat, potentially generating local hot spots with high concentrations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which numerically solves the governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer, can provide predictions for the complete three-dimensional flow and temperature field in the urban canopy. In theory, this could provide invaluable information for the design of buildings and urban areas; in practice, there are several challenges when using CFD in the design process. An important challenge has been that the simulation process, which includes model setup, execution of the simulation, and post-processing of the results, can be a very time-consuming task that demands a skilled CFD engineer. Significant advances in CFD software packages and high-performance computing capabilities are increasingly alleviating this problem; current simulation turnaround times are catching up with industry demands. Consequently, more fundamental challenges become the limiting factors: the complexity of the urban geometry, the variability in the atmospheric conditions, and the turbulent flow physics push the state-of-the-art in terms of the predictive capabilities of CFD, and engineers have only limited confidence in the accuracy of the simulation results. To efficiently address these challenges and provide results that can be used to quantitatively inform design, we need novel probabilistic modeling strategies that can quantify and reduce the uncertainty in the predictions.


This article introduees the Application of MATLAB software to solve the problems in mechanical optimal design.Through the optimization enamples given in this article,one can see that this software is very convenient to solve optimal design problems.


This thesis explains how policing has changed in Turkey between the late 1960s and 2012 and explores ways to explain the changes by looking at the enforcement anti-drug trafficking measures. Using a process tracing method, it argues that Turkey's formerly lax approach to drug control was gradually replaced by stronger enforcement, to the point that nowadays Turkey seems to see itself as a champion of international police cooperation. The thesis then demonstrates that this change can only be partially explained by theories focusing on external change drivers, such as the Americanization of global law enforcement or the Europeanization of Turkey in its bid for EU membership. It argues that change is best explained by analysing micro-processes of socialization within the Turkish National Police (TNP), which reveal the role of domestic factors unexplainable otherwise, such as the importance of protecting the reputation of Turkey and of the TNP among international partners, and the importance of personal career-oriented behaviour by officers of the TNP.


Mental Retardation is the decrease of intellectual function thoroughly which occour in development phase and related with social adaptation disturbance. Whereas psychosis is disturbance of personality (mental) function in assess reality, relationship, perception, persons perceptive and effective conception to certain standard, so that improbability to getting tasks done satisfyingly. Frequency of mental retardation occur approximately 1-3% in all population in United State. Although low of incident, investigation about mental retardation is still needful. This report discuss about mental retardation with psychosis episode at female 18 years old which show an eccentric and austistic. In psychiatry examination found with general impression patient with unfair appearance, grimace, less verbal and visual contact with examiner (no attention in anamnesis), autistic, purify consciousness, mood/affect inadequate/blunt. In sensorium examination and cognition found less concentration and attention with speak poorly and presence encouragement instingtualy as hypobulia


In this paper we analyze the effects of internal heat generation, thermal radiation, and buoyancy force on the laminar boundary layer about a vertical plate in a uniform stream of fluid under a convective surface boundary condition. In the analysis, we assumed that left surface of the plate is in contact with a hot fluid while a stream of cold fluid flows steadily over the right surface with a heat source that decays exponentially. Similarity variable method is applied to the governing non-linear partial differential equations. The transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by applying shooting iteration technique together with fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of Prandtl number, local Biot number, the internal heat generation parameter, thermal radiation, and the local Grashof number on the velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated and interpreted in physical terms. A comparison with previously published results in special case of the problem shows an excellent agreement.


In an effort to reduce Adverse Drug Events ADEs and to improve patient safety, funding has been earmarked to improve the rate of adoption of Computerized Physician Order Entry CPOE among healthcare providers. It has been shown that the ordering stage of medications is where most medication errors and preventable ADEs occur. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation CPOE systems in hospitals to determine benefits and concerns of this technology in the United States healthcare system. A review of the literature published in the last 13 years since 2000 in the English language was performed to complete this investigation. CPOE has emerged as a valuable tool to improve medical efficiency and to decrease medication errors and ADEs. Efficiencies were found to reduce the overall workload of nurses, clerical workers and pharmacists. CPOE has proven to be a secure way of transferring physician orders electronically thus helping hospitals and physicians practice a more effective and better quality of care with less medical errors which has led to decreased operating expenses. While barriers such as lack of professional buy in, and cost of implementation have hindered the widespread use and growth of CPOE systems, these barriers are being overcome with the financial incentives from the HITECH Act, and with the increased savings of CPOE implementation, which may motivate more healthcare systems to adopt CPOE.


The present invention relates to a system for monitoring the light and sound impact for the patient. It has a sound capturing unit 3 captures the ambient sound in humans over an optical capture unit 2 and the time to capture the ambient light in the human over time. Threshold unit 6 and 9, if the sound level of and / or where the captured ambient sound intensity of the captured ambient light exceeds a brightness level exceeds the sound threshold value, and generates a trigger signal, and issues. Stress level processor 15, to determine the stress level of the person. Storage unit 10, based on the received trigger signal, a fragment of the ambient light and ambient sound that is captured around the time instant of receiving the trigger signal, and the Personality around time instant of receiving the trigger signal storing pieces of stress level information. Reviews unit 11, ambient light, and review the stored fragment of ambient sound and stress level information to identify the root cause of the ambient light and ambient sound to be stored in the reviewed fragments by the identified root cause It is provided to allow the obtaining guidance information indicating how to avoid such light and / or sound caused.


The author reviews recent labor migration flows in Europe and examines possible future trends following the scheduled establishment of closer links among members of the European Community in 1992. Some attention is given to the implications of these trends for Switzerland.


Salt bridges (Sbs) play an important role in stabilizing protein. Long time molecular dynamics simulation was performed at different temperatures to study salt bridges dynamics and salt bridges networks of Wild Type Lipase (WTL) (Tm=56 °C)and mutant 6B(Tm=78.2 °C). The higher salt bridge persistence value generally means that the Sb is more stable. The persistence values of Lys35-Asp34, Glu171-Arg147 and Asn181-Lys122 in 6B are different from those of WTL with temperature increasing. The improvement on the stability of these Sbs show that they stabilize the protein secondary structure and then strengthen the ability of protein to withstand high temperature. In addition, the mutations A20E and G111D form new Sbs which affect the Sbs networks dynamics of 6B. Due to the mutations, it forms new small Sbs network and enhances the stability of two salt bridge networks. The first Sbs network makes αB, loop and 310-helix closely connect with each other at mutant. The second Sbs network improves the internal interaction of the αB. The third Sbs network enhances the interaction between loops, αD and αE. It is thus clear that the mutations change the stability of Sbs and the Sbs networks which is responsible for increasing thermostability of 6B.


This work was designed to explore the potential of microbial antagonism in the control of wheat Fusarium disease. The in vitro studies showed that a 70% concentration of the culture filtrate of Streptomyces spororaveus significantly inhibited spore germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium udum . The in vivo studies involved different treatments. The seed coating treatment was the most effective in controlling F. udum at all cultivation periods in all the three-wheat cultivars FFR 502W, FFR 518 and FFR 525W. The former cultivar showed the highest growth response compared with the other two cultivars. Soil pre-inoculation was less effective whereas seed-soaking treatment was the least effective in this respect.


In interference linear optical displacement sensors, precise position information is provided by the pair of quadrature sine and cosine signals while measuring scales moves along each other. One of these scales is a transmission diffraction grating that combines beam splitter function with phase retardation element. Precalculated parameters of that gratings based not only on diffraction efficiency analysis but phase relations in orders as well, helps to stabilize quadrature signals in the displacement sensor. This paper set the optimization condition in terms of phase shifts of light in diffraction orders influencing phase imbalance. To simulate the conversions of optical radiation by diffraction gratings, a rigorous coupled waves analysis was used. The phase imbalance of the obtained quadrature signals is estimated depending on the uncertainties of influencing parameters.


With the next generation cellular networks making a transition towards smaller cells, two-hop OFDMA relay networks have become a dominant, mandatory component in the 4G standards (WiMAX 802.16j, 3GPP LTE-Adv). While unicast flows have received reasonable attention in two-hop OFDMA relay networks, not much light has been shed on the design of efficient scheduling algorithms for multicast flows, thereby forming the focus of this work. We show that while relay cooperation is critical for improving multicast performance, it must be carefully balanced with the ability to multiplex multicast sessions and hence maximize aggregate multicast flow. To this end, we highlight strategies that carefully group relays for cooperation to achieve this balance. We then solve the multicast scheduling problem under two OFDMA sub-channelization models. We establish the NP-hardness of the scheduling problem even for the simpler model and provide efficient algorithms with approximation guarantees under both models. Evaluation of the proposed solutions reveals the efficiency of the scheduling algorithms as well as the significant benefits obtained from the multicasting strategy.


Despite endowed with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties; fruit peels are often regarded as wastes. With the focus looming large over sustainable development and sustainability, this study explores the valorisation of...


This paper tries to explain the problematic case marking of the Korean causative constructions which have two accusative case markers for both of the complement subject and the complement object. It examines the pause between the complement object and the verb and the topicality of the complement object and subject in the three related causative structures in Korean, which are thought to differ in their degree of incorporation of the complement object into the verb: DAT-ACC, Double ACC, and Incorporated Comparison of pause between the complement object and the verb in the three structures reveals marginal difference between DAT-ACC and Double ACC and significant difference between Double ACC and Incorporated. There is significant difference in the topicality of the complement object between the three structures. But there is no significant difference in the topicality of the complement subject between the three structures.


This study was conducted to explore the determinants of social skills acquisition among research scholars. The empirical research design was adopted by employing questionnaire method to gather perception and responses from respondents. The primary data collected were subjected to analysis using PSPP software and the statistical tools such as, percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, Independent sample t test and Analysis of Variance has been applied to draw meaningful findings. Four dominant factors have been extracted out of 21 social skills variables of which the team building factor is the most dominant factor followed by responsibility factor, peer relations factor and motivation factor. There is a significant difference between marital status, medium of instruction, course work completion and research stage of research scholars with respect to social skills. Further, the research proves that research scholars participated in the survey have higher perception towards all the four components of social skills acquisition. The researchers are suggested to develop and enrich their social skills and self-competence in order to complete their research within the stipulated time


Abstract In this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of mild and strong solutions of a nonlinear Volterra integrodifferential equation with nonlocal condition. Our analysis is based on semigroup theory and Banach fixed point theorem and inequalities are established by Gronwall and B. G. Pachpatte.


The results are presented of the study of protein melittin structure and dynamics in solution and incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer carried out by timeresolved fluorescence spectroscopy with laser UV pspulse excitation. 1.


This paper discusses the common problems existing in the teaching of Embedded System.In the light of establishing the self-confidence of student through the practical,interesting teaching methods,we explore the innovation of teaching for Embedded System which is case driven and propose some ideas for the design of teaching case and some problems that should be paid attention.Practice shows that case-driven teaching method for Embedded System can stimulate the interest of the students,resolve the difficulties of teaching and improve practical ability of students.


BACKGROUND
Colonoscopy is the gold standard method for the early diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Screening programs include immune determination of blood in faeces. Regardless of the method used, proximal colon lesions appear to be detected less frequently.

OBJECTIVE
analyse the characteristics of proximal and distal lesions and possible predisposing factors.

METHODS
We made a cross-sectional study of 692 patients from the CRC screening program with FIT ≥ 100ngHb/ml (October 2017 - October 2018). The right colon was examined twice as patients were participating in a randomized clinical trial to re-evaluate the right colon by forward-viewing endoscope or proximal retroflexion. The adenoma detection rate (ADR), advanced neoplasia (AN) and CRC in the proximal and distal colon, the histological and morphological characteristics in each section were analysed.

RESULTS
Patients were 52.9% male, a mean age of 59.5 years (SD: 7.6). We found 1490 polyps. The ADR was 57.7% (distal 42% and proximal 37%). Detection rates were 45.8% for AN, 40.9% for advanced adenomas, 5.2% for advanced SSL and CRC was diagnosed in 4.8% of patients. Males had more AN than females. The mean age of patients with AN was significantly higher. AN were associated with smoking and alcohol consumption (p=0.0001). Globally, FIT levels were higher in patients with AN (p=0.003). Sixty-six per cent of cancers were distally located and 61.3% of CRC were diagnosed in the early stages.

CONCLUSIONS
In an average-risk asymptomatic population undergoing colonoscopy after positive FIT, AN were more common in the distal colon in males, older patients, smokers, and those with alcohol intake.


626 endometrial biopsies obtained from 285 women from the 5th day postpartum (counting the day of delivery as day 1) to the 9th month after parturition were studied in order to learn more about the ovario-uterine relationship. For the detection of ovulation only those biopsies which were found to have been done within 10 days preceding a menstrual period were considered. A total of 185 biopsies in 82 patients fell into this category. A single premenstrual biopsy was performed in 49 cases and from 2 to 10 premenstrual biopsies were perormed in 33 cases. In an effort to find early secretory patterns it was decided to study an additional series of 100 unselected consecutive normal patients by endometrial biopsies on the 42nd and 49th days postpartum. Neither age nor parity seemed to play a part in determining the endometrial pattern in the premenstrual series. No case in the series was found ovular before the 7th week. In the unselected patients who were examined on the last day of the 6th and 7th weeks it was found that ovular specimens were not obtained until the 7th week. The earliest date at which a secretory pattern was obtained was from a patient on the 44th day. The earliest ovulation of which there was presumptive evidence probably occurred on about the 42nd day postpartum. In the majority of women taking the oral contraceptive could probably be safely postponed until the 6th week following delivery.


The scope, intensity and direction of migration are directly related to the dynamics of the socio-economic development. Therefore, they can be considered as one of the significant factors affecting the number of the population and the population structure. Considering the geographical, historical, socio-economic, religious and political conditions, the territory of the Republic of Macedonia has always been affected by intensive migration movements, by frequent extensive emigration movements of its inhabitants, but also immigration of people from other countries, i.e. foreigners. In this paper is analyzed the number of migrants, only foreigners. In the last couple of years have recorded significant growth, causing significant changes in the structure of immigrants according the country of origin. The focus of this paper is put on the countries from which the immigrants choose the Republic of Macedonia as an attractive destination to stay and also what is their distribution all over the country, some of their demographic characteristics and their impact on the demographic processes.


We study a dynamic system described by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation with an external excitation f posed on a finite domain. Firstly it shows that under the given boundary feedback conditions it admits a unique solution and the solution is stable. Secondly it proves that if the external excitation f is a time periodic function, then the system under the boundary conditions admits a unique time periodic solution and its period is the same as the f 0 s.


Research on perceptions of people with disabilities has in general focussed on a single disability or on unspecified 'disability.' The aim of this study was to compare perceptions of several acquired disabilities from an intergroup perspective. It was hypothesised that the type (sensory or motor) and visibility of the disability would influence perceptions, and that prior contact would increase the positivity of perceptions. Participants were 155 students who gave their own, other, perceived self, and communication perceptions of male and female targets (with deafness, blindness, aphasia, or paraplegia) in vignettes. Results indicated that for most measures, people with motor disabilities were perceived more negatively than those with sensory ones, visible sensory disabilities more negatively than invisible sensory, but contrary to predictions, invisible motor more negatively than visible motor. There was some support for the association between prior contact and more positive perceptions.


The DNV's checklist, when approved, will be the first Comprehensive Green Building Checklist in B.C. The comprehensive checklist is comprised of two separate checklists; one for homes and small residential buildings and one for industrial, commercial, and institutional and multi-unit residential buildings. Each checklist includes three separate pathways, and may be eligible for performance based incentives. The Green Building Checklist was developed using best practice and encourages progressive development, as the DNV continues to take steps to become a leader of community sustainability.


Calculation of topographic reduction for gravitational effect of exterior interlayer masses requires digital relief models for the area under study. The authors present optimal dimensions of the uniform grid for model nods. They are to be applied for calculating topographic correction for different zones taking into account the interlayer effect. The limiting errors for the nodal points height values have been determined.


Through the Fairy Tale Method with props, where children are invited to develop their own children's affections. Furthermore, teachers play a role in orienting children to understand the moral messages contained in, a fairy tale that is conveyed by using a media that is more interesting, so that images that can enhance children's affection in the process carried out in Early Childhood Class Yasmin TK DR. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Bandar Jawa Village, Bandar District, Simalungun Regency. To obtain data through testing and observation with data collection tools such as observation sheets for children and teachers and the test as an evaluation material at the end of each cycle that aims to determine changes in the ability of children to develop affection in the fairytale method. There are several conclussions: The level of affection of children in Cycle I there were 18 children  66.67%) reached the level of completeness ≥ 70, this means the child had not reached classical completeness and was in the Fair criteria. While in Cycle II there were 23 children who had reached mastery levels ≥ 70 (85.18%). So in Cycle II an increase in affection which has reached the Good category.


Cooking vessel comprising, in a projection (3) extending out a thermochromic device thermal signaling as an additional element, wherein said projection (3) forming extends arrangement grip, characterized that said protrusion (3) comprises a hole (9) for engaging therein it said thermochromatic device having a shape of a cylindrical pad and comprises tooth elements (14) functioning as anchoring elements and location.


In the Norwegian local elections of 2011, a trial was held in which the voting age was lowered from 18 to 16 in 20 selected municipalities (and in the self-governed area of Longyearbyen). 58 percent of 16and 17-year-olds turned out to vote. The participation rate among ordinary first-time voters (aged 18–21) was 46 percent, an increase of 11 percentage points from the previous election in 2007. In this paper we discuss why the turnout rate among the young voters in general – and the trial voters in particular – was so high. The results are discussed in light of potential life-cycle, generation and period effects. First, we argue that the high turnout among the cohorts that are high school students can be partly explained by life-cycle effects. Second, we discuss how the terror attacks in Oslo and at Utøya in the summer of 2011 had an effect on young voters' political participation and mobilization in general. Third, we also find a "Hawthorne-effect": the novelty of being able to vote at 16, and the efforts made to mobilize young people in the trial municipalities, led to an especially high turnout.


We introduce a dispersion analysis of hybrid optical interconnections for silicon-based plasmonic-photonic nanowires. This Si/Plasmonics hybrid interconnection is able to manipulate photonic signals with zero dispersion at communications wavelength.


Microencapsuled red phosphorus (MRP), with a phenolic resin coating layer, was successfully prepared. It was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Meanwhile its water absorption, thermostability, thermodynamic properties and critical ignition temperature (Tb) have been studied. The results show that the MRP which is coated with phenolic resin can decrease the water absorption, increase thermostability and critical ignition temperature (Tb) significantly, compared with red phosphorus (RP). The thermodynamic properties which include apparent activation energy (E), pre-exponential factor (A), activation entropy (ΔS#), activation enthalpy (ΔH#) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG#) of RP and MRP are obtained. Moreover, the MRP can reduce the water absorption and friction sensitivity of red phosphorus smoke agent significantly with the best content of phenolic resin is 0.5 % or 1 %.


Each quarter, Cell Biology Education calls attention to several Web sites of educational interest to the life science community. The journal does not endorse or guarantee the accuracy of the information at any of the listed sites. If you want to comment on the selections or suggest future inclusions, please send a message to firstname.lastname@example.com. The sites listed below were last accessed on June 1, 2003.


Agilyx has licensed its polystyrene depolymerization technology to Toyo Styrene, an affiliate of the chemical maker Denka that plans to install it in a plant to be built in Chiba, Japan, by early 2...


Although challenging to develop and operate, some degree of integrated monitoring is often necessary, especially at regional scales, to address the complex questions of environmental management and regulation. The concept of integration is well-understood, but its practice across programs and studies can be diverse suggesting a broader examination of the existing general approaches is needed. From the literature, we suggest integration of monitoring can occur across three study components: interpretation, analysis, and design. Design can be further subdivided into partial and full integration. Respectively combining information, data, and designs, we further define these types of integration and describe their general benefits and challenges, such as strength of inference. We further use the Oil Sands Monitoring program in northern Alberta as an example to clarify the practices common among integrated monitoring programs. The goal of the discussion paper is to familiarize readers with the diverse practices of integrated monitoring to further clarify the various configurations used to achieve the wider goals of a program.


The optimization parameters of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) five parameters statistical model has been obtained by artificial immune network genetic algorithm (AINGA). A comparison of the genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GSAA) and the AINGA were presented. Both GSAA and AINGA were used to fit multi-angle experiment data to the BRDF statistical model. The differences between these two optimization algorithms in the computational accuracy, calculation duration, data fitting, RMS and parameters inversion results were compared and analyzed. Numerical results showed that using AINGA and GSAA has almost the same computational accuracy. But the AINGA has the obvious advantages in computing efficiency. Therefore, this optimization algorithm has the wide prospects of the application in the analysis of BRDF parameter inversion.


This study reflects the adsorption ability and usable of peanut shell-polyurethane type rigid foam for the removal of remazol orange RGB (RO-RGB) dye, a reactive dye, from aqueous solution. RO-RGB removal was studied for initial dye concentrations (10-150 mg l-1), pH values (3-9), and temperatures (20-60C) at various contact times. Dye removal increased with the increases in initial dye concentration and temperature while it was decreasing with an increase in pH. Maximum dye removal was determined to be about 98% under all the experimental conditions. Equilibrium data obtained were adapted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models, and it was seen that the adsorption obeyed the Freundlich isotherm model with determination of coefficient of r2 = 0.966. Kinetics data was found to be harmony with the pseudo-second kinetic order model (higher than r2 = 0.9908). As a result, it was determined that the polyurethane-type rigid foam produced from peanut shell could be used as an alternative to activated carbon and could easily be used as an adsorptive material to remove RO-RGB dye.


One of the most important theoretical and ideological tasks of Marxist philosophy is the critical study of the philosophical thought of the West. In the second half of the 1970s and beginning of the 1980s, the ideological struggle on the international arena entered a new stage. It was characterized by the turn of the forces of imperialist reaction away from the politics of detente to the politics of the "cold war," to the active opposition to the forces of peace, democracy, and socialism. The struggle of ideas has swung back and forth in the context of, on the one hand, a resurgence of reactionary anticommunist tendencies, and the stimulation and expansion of antimilitary movements and the struggles of the peoples for peace and socialism on the other.


The process of implementing a foreign language training programme in an industrial organisation is broken down into four steps, each with a variety of factors, after an audit has been conducted to establish training needs. The merits and disadvantages of different types of course are examined and the necessity of monitoring and evaluation are indicated. The overall emphasis is on cost‐effectiveness.


Differentiating low-grade sepsis from aseptic loosening of an orthopedic prosthesis is difficult. This study was designed to compare the ability of Tc-99m-HMDP, Ga-67, and In-111 leukocytes (WC) to differentiate low-grade sepsis from aseptic THA component loosening in a canine model. A canine THA was implanted in 14 dogs. Six dogs were given infected femoral components by injecting 10/sup 5/ colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus into the femoral canal 6y0 to 90 seconds prior to cementing. Four dogs had an aseptic loose femoral component, and four dogs had an aseptic tight femoral component (control). At six months all dogs were evaluated with X-ray, lab scintigraphy, and tissue quantitation of each tracer. Diagnosis was confirmed by histology and quantitative microbiology. White blood cell counts and differentials were normal in all dogs, and in only one out of six infected dogs was the sedimentation rate abnormal. X-rays were interpreted as possible infection in five dogs and probable infection in only one dog. In-111 WBC scans were more accurate than sequential Tc-Ga scans (sensitivity 94% vs 61%, specificity 86% vs 71% accuracy 90% vs 67%). Quantitative counting of gamma camera data and tissue samples demonstrated significantly (P < .01) higher accumulation of In-111 WBCmore » about the infected than the loose or control component. No significant difference was demonstrated between the loose and septic components with TC-HMDP or Ga. These results correlate well and confirm our clinical data that In-111 WBC scanning is accurate and useful in the workup of the painful orthopedic prosthesis.« less


This research aimed to investigate the occurrence of bullying and its relation with prejudice and self-esteem of students from public schools. A total of 284 students from public schools participated in the study and the instruments used were the Bullying Self-Identification Scale, the Prejudice Manifestation Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed that the greater the occurrence of bullying, the more the prejudice is manifested (ρ = 0.261; p <0.05). Among the targets of bullying, it was found that the more the student is attacked , the lower the levels of self-esteem (ρ = -0,218; p <0,05). In short, data demonstrated that bullying is a risk to the participants' quality of life and requires attention, such as intervention plans, focused on minimizing its actions and breaking with the crystallization of the perception that it is "just a joke" or a solution for inter- and intrapersonal conflicts.


A backscattering numerical model based on a two-scale representation of surface roughness is developed for one-dimensional (1D) sea surfaces at low grazing angles. The effect of the large-scale roughness component is accounted for by a numerical solution of the integral equation for surface field obtained in the forward-scattering approximation. The presence of the small-scale roughness responsible for backscattering is treated by the small-perturbation theory. The numerical simulations accomplished support the viewpoint that the significant difference between experimentally observed and numerically calculated values of polarization ratio for low grazing angles is most likely due to inadequate modeling of surface roughness. It is demonstrated that adding a few relatively minor steep-wave-like features to the surface with the standard Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum will change the average polarization ratio dramatically, bringing its theoretical values from about -20 dB to experimentally observed values of a few negative dB. Half of this increase is due to steepening of the front faces of the undulating waves. However, the other 10 dB of increase is due to diffraction effects, which enhance the scattering coefficient for the HH-polarization on the front faces of the steep waves.


Statistics derived from public works maintenance records for buried steel and cast iron pipelines indicate that aging may be seen in increasing rates of repairs. Maintenance increases with age due to cumulative traffic loads, ground settlement and, among the most important causes, corrosion. The tendency for repair rates gradually to increase and the opposing effects of corrosion control and planned replacement are punctuated by the rapid rise in leakage and required maintenance in the aftermath of an earthquake. These data were uncovered as a byproduct of studying five western US earthquakes in which performance of steel pipelines under seismic conditions and under normal operating conditions appear to be correlated. Evidence also points to temporary and, sometimes, to permanent increase in the rate of leakage and failure in the aftermath of an earthquake. The underlying cause of this correlation is thinning of pipe walls due to corrosion, which is facilitated by stray current and conductive soil. 6 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.


The token ring is a seminal topic in self-stabilization research. It has been expanded to include multiple tokens, and improved upon using randomization to lower the state space requirements. In this brief announcement, we discuss how the two ideas can be brought together for an optimal solution to the multi-token ring problem.


X-ray spectrometry in the electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS-ESCA) are used to study the composition of SiOx(1 < x ≤ 2) films of known thicknesses over InSb substrates. The analyses of SiO2 surface layers demonstrate the credibility of the model which was developed to predict the x-ray emission in the EPMA from a surface layer on a substrate. X-ray data indicate the presence of two chemical states in the SiOx film while three states are detected from XPS data. Both EPMA and ESCA data indicate that the SiOx compound has a composition equivalent to SiO1.12.


PURPOSE: A computer implementation method for managing a virtual conference communication session supplying a communication management interface is provided to implement action related to the virtual conference communication session according to the input of a user. CONSTITUTION: A communication device performs a virtual conference room communication session including share resources(602). The communication device displays a connected graphic element to a conference participant through a GUI(Graphic User Interface)(604). The communication device receives the input operation related to a graphic(606). The communications device performs an action based on the received user input(608).


This review focuses on the technical and social details of production, training, and use of archery equipment by a Native American tribe, the Apaches. The study aims to understand the use of the bow in the Mesolithic and Early and Middle Neolithic societies of the Old World. The paper further describes arrow ballistics. An arrow and bow with similar dimensions and materials to those used by the Apaches was reconstructed and used in ballistic experiments. Shooting and the subsequent model calculation showed that the effective range of arrows made of reed and projected by a bow of medium strength (16–18kg) was not more than approx. 20m. Due to the initial flat part of the ballistic trajectory, such arrows were quite efficient in close-range contests. Within the model calculation, a regression procedure was introduced to determine the arrow air-drag parameters from an ensemble of shots.


The morphology, chemical composition, microstructure and electrical properties of BC3 thin films subjected to melting by a nanosecond laser pulse were investigated. The original films were formed by pulsed laser co-deposition of B and C on a sapphire substrate at 150 and 350 °C. Morphological changes in the films depended on their initial structure. However, the structure "frozen" after irradiation in both films was attributed to the B-saturated graphite-like phase, the local composition of which varied due to the formation of inclusions of amorphous boron carbide. Before and after irradiation, the films showed a weakly decreasing dependence of the sheet resistance with increasing temperature from 4.2 to 330 K. After pulsed laser irradiation, the sheet resistance of the films decreased by ~ 2.6 times.


The algorithm of the method of orthogonal expansions is researched in the presence of a nonzero expectation value of the useful signal. Review of the examples.


A row of small white volumes marches along one bookshelf in my cluttered office. It is flanked on both ends by slightly larger volumes. The first is labeled "Processing of RNA, Brookhaven Symposia in Biology, Number 26," the proceedings of a meeting I attended in May, 1974, as a relatively new assistant professor with my undergraduate student David Ginsburg. The other larger volume is "RNA '96, The First Annual Meeting of the RNA Society." Most of the volumes in between are labeled "RNA Processing" and are Cold Spring Harbor meeting abstracts dating from 1982 to 1993. I am a terrible pack rat. But these volumes remind me that I was invited, along with John Dunn and Mike Matthews, to organize the first CSH RNA Processing meeting in 1982. RNA Processing meetings at Cold Spring Harbor were to be a biannual event. But already by 1986, as the pace of discovery in RNA accelerated, they became annual. By 1990 the size of the RNA Processing meeting severely stretched the limits of the CSH facility.


This book provides an innovative, authoritative, and richly illustrated study of the myths relating to the Cyclopes from classical antiquity until the present day. It is the first such book-length study of the topic in any language. The first part, dealing with classical antiquity, is organized thematically: after discussing various competing scholarly approaches to the myths, Aguirre and Buxton analyse ancient accounts and images of the Cyclopes in relation to landscape, physique (especially eyes, monstrosity, and hairiness), lifestyle, gods, names, love, and song. While the man-eating Cyclops Polyphemus, famous already in the Odyssey, plays a major part, so also do the Cyclopes who did monumental building work, as well as those who toiled as blacksmiths. The second part of the book concentrates on the post-classical reception of the myths. Topics discussed include medieval allegory, Renaissance grottoes, Italian and Spanish poetry, Spanish drama, and the novels of Hugo, Joyce, and Ellison; in the visual arts, dozens of images are examined, beginning with the medieval and early modern periods, moving on to Surrealism and Abstract Impressionism, and ending with contemporary painting and sculpture. Movie Cyclopes also appear, as does a wonderful circus performance. The overall aim of the authors is to explore, not just the perennial appeal of the Cyclopes as fearsome monsters, but the depth and subtlety of their mythology, which raises complex issues of thought and emotion. All too often, a Cyclops is assumed to be nothing more than a gruesome one-eyed monster. This book seeks to demonstrate that there is far more to it than that—quite apart from the fact that Cyclopes are by no means always one-eyed!


With unprecedented capabilities for monitoring system operating conditions based on synchronized sub-second measurements and providing quasi-continuous control signals throughout the grid, the smart grid offers the potential to increase all voltage, transient and dynamic (small signal) stability limits to a level above the relevant thermal limits. With stability thus assured, the smart grid can ultimately become as flexible as the internet. This paper presents a strategy for assuring transient stability in the smart grid. The proposed closed-loop control scheme creates a stable operating point in locations where the open loop system (i.e., the system without the controller) would be unstable. Simulation results for a simple system are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the scheme. The stable operating region of the system can be expanded until the onset of "managed chaos" where a sequence of ephemeral equilibria can be created until a stable equilibrium is reached.


Navigation in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) domain is still divided between reliable solutions that require heavy and costly set-ups and affordable solutions that still lack performances. By proposing a new method for Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) based on Transferable Belief Model (TBM), the authors aimed at finding a reasonable compromise for urban environment [1]. This article supports this choice and proposes a comparison between different laser set-ups to expose advantages and drawbacks of this solution.


In previous studies, we performed joint animal studies and clinical trials between Yonsei University and Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd. We have shown that coffee bean extract has potent anti-obesity and hypotriglyceridemic activities as well as beneficial effects on body fat reduction.In this study, the effects of coffee bean extract (100 mg/capsule) on body fat reduction were evaluated in overweight/obese women (body mass index of 25~30 or body fat > 30%) not diagnosed with any type of disease. Subjects were randomly assigned to a coffee bean extract group (n


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Electrical conduction along endothelium of resistance vessels has not been determined independently of the influence of smooth muscle, surrounding tissue or blood. Two interrelated hypotheses were tested: (i) Intercellular conduction of electrical signals is manifest in endothelial cell (EC) tubes; and (ii) Inhibitors of gap junction channels (GJCs) have confounding actions on EC electrical and Ca2+ signalling.


This paper pruvides a smaller equivalelnt bounded variable transportation problem than that in Charnes, Glover, and Klingman [1] for the lower bounded and partial upper bounded distribution model.


Abstract : Contract pricing is a term which covers three sequential areas. First is the analysis of each firm's price by using the techniques of cost and/or price analysis. Second is the establishment of a prenegotiation goal (total cost plus profit or fee: or total price) to be used during the actual negotiations with each company. Third is the actual negotiation and agreement on a contractual arrangement (price and contract type) which comes as close as possible to the prenegotiation goal, considering both the additional information gained during negotiations and the ability and willingness of both parties to come to an agreement.


Objective: To evaluate if the elevated levels of Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) could serve as an indicator of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in patients presenting with infertility. Method: The present study was conducted at Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University ofLahore andAustralianConceptInfertilityMedicalCenter(ACIMC),Lahore. It was a case control study. Atotal of 101 females aged between 20-40 years presenting with infertility were included in this study. Among study participants, 51 infertile females had PCOS and 50 were non-PCOS infertile subjects. After taking informed consent, medical history and anthropometric indices were recorded on standardized proforma.Transvaginal ultrasound was done to assess ovarian morphology. Serum AMH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin levels were measured by commercially available ELISAkits. Serum AMH levels were measured in 10 healthy, fertile females having normal menstrual cycle as normal reference values in our population. Results: Mean AMH levels were significantly higher (9.9±1.1ng/ml) in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome as compared to subjects without this syndrome (1.0± 0.3ng/ml). Mean FSH levels were significantly lower in females with PCOS (p value 0.001) but LH: FSH ratio, serum luteinizing hormone and prolactin level were not significantly different in two groups. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that raised serum levels of AMH are associated with the presence of PCOS and therefore can serve as useful marker in diagnosis of PCOS


Water‐in‐salt electrolytes (WISEs) have attracted widespread attention due to their non‐flammability, environmental friendliness, and wider electrochemical stability window than conventional dilute aqueous electrolytes. When applied in the electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, WISEs can offer many advantages such as high‐level safety, manufacturing efficiency, as well as, superior electrochemical performances. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a timely and comprehensive summary of WISEs and their EES applications. In this review, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the WISEs are first introduced. Then, the research progresses of the WISEs using different metal salts and their analogues are summarized. Next, the current research progresses of WISEs applied in different EES devices (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors) as well as the insights into challenging and future perspectives are systematically discussed.


This case report describes a lateral-superior displacement of the mandibular condyle of a 44-year-old man who had been injured in a trafic accident. At admission, he presented with complete left facial nerve palsy. Radiological examination demonstrated fractures of the mandible in the right condylar and symphyseal regions, with lateral-superior displacement of the intact left condyle, which was lying above the zygomatic arch.After repositioning the left condyle into a normal position, the right condylar and symphyseal fractures were reduced and fixed.After 7 months follow-up, the temporo-mandibular joint function is normal and the facial paralysis has almost resolved with conservative therapy.


Objective To study the distribution of freshwater crabs and their infection by Paragonimus in Yunxiao county, Fujian. Methods Freshwater crabs were collected and identified. The crabs were then dissected and examined for the presence of Paragonimus metacercariae. Results Six tons of crabs from 20 villages (Yunxiao county) were collected. Three species of crabs were found , namely Sinopotamon zhangzhouense, Somanniathelphusa zhangpuensis and Minpotamon spp. The infection rate was 6.6% (15/230) for the Paragonimus, and the index of crab infection was 0.11. Species of freshwater crabs and its geographic distribution were revised for Sinopotamon fukienense and Somanniathelphusa sinensis. Conclusion Freshwater crabs are the intermediate hosts of Paragonimus in the Yunxiao county.


Objective:To explore the diagnosis of isolated fungal sphenoiditis and its treatment through minimally invasive,endoscopic surgery.Methods: Results of 22 patients who had endoscopic surgery of their sphenoid were analysed as to it effectiveness after a follow-up review.Results: All patients were confirmed to have fungal infections by pathology,and all of these patients had no major complications,such as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea,blooding,or optic nerve injury.After a followed-up exam beyond six months,the patients had no recurrence.Conclusions: When a patient has some unexplained symptoms,such as headache,dizzy,or nasal bloodshot-mucus in suction,it should be diagnosed by timely CT scanning.The endoscopic surgery of opening sphenoid has some advantages.It is minimally invasive,direct,safe,and effective.


The legal status of the bankruptcy enterprises managers is always the hot topic in the bankruptcy studies .There are different theories and schools of thought because of the different theories basis.The liquidation committee,Which appers in the ongoing bankruptcy laws of China,belong to the theory of functions and powers .It has been bringing much malpractice,the bankruptcy mananers should be regarded as atrustor.


In 1963, a children's home for the deaf-mute was founded in Zagorsk, near Moscow. Alexander Meshcheryakov, the head of the laboratory at the Institute of Defectology of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, became its supervisor. Four years later, Evald Ilyenkov joined the experiment. The archival text "On the work of Meshcheryakov", published now for the first time, was presented at the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences in February 1973. In this paper, Ilyenkov briefly formulates his conception of psychical image as condensing of a temporal process of activity into a spatial form of object, and suggests a number of deep thoughts on connection of the psyche and language, sign and meaning, word and action, taking his stand on the data of the Zagorsk experiment. The process of image formation is demonstrated by the case "Julia and the ravine". After a walk along the ravine, a deaf-blind girl was able to mould the contour of the ravine from plasticine. Without seeing the ravine, she reproduced the trajectory of her body's motion as some spatial object. The formation of language in deaf-blind persons begins with gesture speech, which is gradually transformed into verbal speech — first in its dactyl, then written and, finally, sound form. The experimental study of this transformation helps to solve the question of how speech and language are connected to objective reality.


the system comprising: at least one heater (309; 421) element for heating the substrate forming aerosol; yun power supply for supplying power to one heating element at least comprising elsuministro energy: a voltage supply (303; 419), two or more supercapacitors (305, 307; 409, 411), einterruptores (S1, S2, S3 , S4, S5, S6) between the voltage supply (303; 419) and two or massupercondensadores (305, 307; 409, 411), the switches so being arranged such that, for a charging mode, the two or more supercapacitors are connected, at menosparcialmente, parallel to each other, for charging by the voltage supply and, during unmodo heating, the two or more supercapacitors are connected in series to each other, to discharge through a heating element at least.


Passenger traffic in the market of cruising, according to present growth rate, in the global and regional scale is an important accelerator of growth in passenger traffic in the world, of maritime passenger transport, and thus economic growth and development. Accordingly, the main problem of this study is the analysis of passenger traffic in cruises in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. In connection with this, the basic aim of the research is the structural analysis of the defined research problem, that by the analysis of specific quantitative indicators defines the main characteristics and patterns in the performance of passenger traffic on a cruise, specifying: the world's leading groups and companies in the cruise market, the structure of passengers on a cruise with respect of various criteria (origin, socio-demographic criteria), the leading emitting and receptive cruise regions, including the leading cruise destinations and the ports in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. © Faculty of Maritime Studies Rijeka, 2015.


In this article the modeling aspects of an electrostatic microactuator with squeezed thin film damping effects are presented. The actuator is composed of a microcapacitor whose one plate is clamped on the ground while the other plate is floating on the air with the aid of an external supporting spring. Its highly nonlinear dynamic model is linearized at various operating points. Variations of the gap between the plates and the air pressure of the system are examined in order to find possible changes in the bifurcation points or other characteristics of the system. Significant conclusions for the case of the bifurcation point have been drawn and simulation studies substantiate the presented results.


This final report will be of interest to traffic engineers, motor vehicle designers and other public officials responsible for the design of safer vehicles and improved driver communication aids. The investigation presents an evaluation of four automobile taillight signal systems, an investigation of the motorist's use of turn signals, a study of longitudinal control systems for platoon movement and a study of passing decisions on a multi-lane expressway. An infrared source sensor system has been designed and tested to provide the driver with a visual display of relative velocity and spacing between vehicles. Aerial photogrammetric methods have also been devised to aid in the study of traffic flow phenomena. It is believed that this research effort is one of the most comprehensive studies to date of modern intervehicular sensing and communication systems.


Secure routing in wireless ad hoc network has been an active area of research and in recent years, a number of secure routing protocols have been introduced. These solutions may be classified as proactive, reactive, and hybrid based on the routing information update mechanism deployed. Studies reveal that the reactive (on-demand) ones often outperform the others due to their ability to adjust the amount of network overhead created to track the mobility in the network. However, the existing secure on-demand routing protocols have also some limitations. In this paper, the weakness of existing popular secure reactive routing protocols is analyzed on the ground of topology exposure. Then a new topologyhiding secure on-demand routing protocol, called TSOR is proposed based on timestamp approach and asymmetric cryptography. Security analysis of TSOR shows that it efficiently defeats all possible threats imposed by external or internal adversaries. Simulation results demonstrate that our protocol has a better capability of finding reliable and shortest routes in the presence of malicious nodes at the cost of low routing overhead.


CHEMISTRY Cephalexin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic derived from cephalosporin C. It is stable as a powder for at least two years at 25°C. In aqueous solution it is most stable at pH 4.5, its isoelectric point, with only slight degradation occurring after 7 days. It exists as a zwitterion and inner salt in pH range of 3-8. The monohydrate form (M.W. 365) produces better blood levels than the anhydrous form and is thus used in pharmaceutical formulations.


The occurrence of ionospheric irregularities observed as sharp discontinuities (kinks) on the ionograms and moving upward with time at Kodaikanal have been studied for a period covering high, medium, and low solar activity conditions. These kinks are most common during the summer season and during the morning (0900 LT) and the evening (1500 LT). The vertical velocities of these irregularities obtained by true height analysis of the ionograms lie in the range 10–40 m/s. The velocity shows a minimum around noon with no significant solar cycle dependence. One of the possible causes for the generation of these irregularities is suggested to be the accumulation of metallic ions over the equator by equatorward neutral winds or gravity waves, and their uplift is suggested to be due to the E × B drift.


Two isostructural heterotrimetallic vanadium-metalloligand based three-dimensional (3D) coordination polymers, [M(H2O)4{V2O3L2}K(H2O)3]n*H2O {M = Co (1), Cu (2); H3L = nitrilotriacetic acid} have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the metalloligand unit, the vanadium centers are in mixed valence state, V(V), and V(IV) where there is partial delocalization of the electron between two vanadium centers. The complexes exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions between the Co/Cu centers and that between the V and Co/Cu centers. The compound 1 shows slow relaxation of the magnetization.


Widely Speech Signal Processing has not been used much in the field of electronics and computers due to the complexity and variety of speech signals and sounds with the advent of new technology. However, with modern processes, algorithms, and methods which can process speech signals easily and also recognize the text. Demand for speech recognition technology is expected to raise dramatically over the next few years as people use their mobile phones as all purpose lifestyle devices. In this paper, an implementation of a speech-to-text system using isolated word recognition with a vocabulary of ten words (digits 0 to 9 with each 100 samples) and statistical modeling (Hidden Markov Model - HMM) for machine speech recognition was undertaken. In the training phase, the uttered digits are recorded using 8-bit Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) with a sampling rate of 8 KHz and saved as a wave file using sound recorder software. The system performs speech analysis using the Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) method of degree. From the LPC coefficients, the weighted cepstral coefficients and cepstral time derivatives are derived. From these variables the feature vector for a frame is arrived. Then, the system performs Vector Quantization (VQ) utilizing a vector codebook which result vecttor for a frame is arrived. Then, the system performs given word in the vocabulary, the system builds an HMM model and trains the model during the training phase. The training steps, from Speech Enhancement to HMM model building, are performed using PC-based Matlab programs. Our current framework uses a speech processing module includes Speech Enhancement algorithm with Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based classification and noise language modeling to achieve effective noise knowledge estimation.


Primary extra-pulmonary small cell carcinomas (SCC) are rare, with 40% of SCCs of the urinary tract are metastatic on presentation. In these cases, surgical options are limited and prognosis is poor. The literature suggests that neoadjuvant chemotherapy in organ-confined disease improves clinical outcome. However due to rarity of cases, there is limited evidence to guide management of metastatic SCC.


This paper deals with the probability that Livonia's eastern border in the south was further east than generally assumed. It will also be shown that early Polish Livonia (Latgola) was divided into five districts, not the customary four, and that the old border river Sareja was part of a transport route hitherto unnoticed in scholarly proceedings. The generally accepted opinion is that in the Middle Ages Livonia's eastern border in the south was formed by the river Nidreica (officially Indra or Indrica), a 26-km-long right tributary of the Daugava. This opinion is supported by early maps, starting with that of Radziwift (post-1595), which goes to the extraordinary trouble of labeling the river with a legend spelling out its border status: "Indrica flu. Livoniae terminus" (see Fig. 1). Maps following Blaeu (1614) are unanimous in showing "Indrica flv." as a border river.1 The earliest document that suggests that the river Indrica is the border (although not in so many words) is the 1599 cadastre of the Crown Domain of Rēzekne. From 1600 on, the eastern border of Livonia (now minus Kurland and Estland) in the south is not subject to dispute. After that date, Polish Livonia (Inflanty Polskie, more or less coextensive with present day Latgola) accelerates on a course of development that eventually sets it apart from the rest of Livonia. In 1677 it acquires the semi-exalted status of Principality of Livonia (Ksicstwo Inflanckie) within the Lithuanian-Polish Commonwealth. After Latgola came under Muscovite rule (in 1772, during the First Partition), Nidreica continued as the southeastern boundary of the newly rechristened Daugava Province (Dvinskaja provincija). Latgola lost its administrative identity just five years later (in 1777), and Nidreica became the eastern boundary of the District (uezd) of Daugavpils (then Dyneburg or Dvinsk). In 1861, out of purely administrative considerations, the border of the District of Daugavpils was moved to the east, about half-


Abstract Educational integration schemes for children with severe learning difficulties are based partially on the assumption that the presence of these children in schools will increase the extent to which they are accepted by their peers. However, psychological theories of intergroup behaviour suggest that physical presence alone is unlikely to have this effect. In the present study, the intergroup and interpersonal attitudes towards young people with learning difficulties of 128 adolescents in integrated and nonintegrated schools were examined. Results showed no clear differences between the attitudes of children in the two types of school. The frequency of participants' contact, not the type of school attended, led to more positive expectations about meeting a young person with learning difficulties. In addition, females were found to be more positive than males on several measures. The implications of these results for the methods and content of future research that could inform the process of educat...


The underwater telephone HTL-10 has been designed to provide voice and data communication between helicopter and submarines using acoustic waves. It works in a half-duplex mode and uses analogue power-efficient modulation in the form of a single side-band, suppressed carrier, in a wide range of frequencies. It generates the transmitted signal, and processes the received signals. It is implemented with the use of digital signal processing techniques. Although it was designed several years ago, the flexible structure of the underwater telephone ensures a convenient platform for the implementation of various types of communication, as well as testing. This ability is due to the particular characteristics of the digital signal-processing module, which was designed by the author, both in hardware and software. The main elements of the module consist of the fixed-point s ignal processor, and the floating-point high performance digital signal processor . The article demonstrates the ability to adapt HTL-10 to implement digital communication in shallow waters, with a robust low data rate spread spectrum approach.


In this manuscript, we study the properties and equivalence results for different forms of quadratic functional equations. Using the Brzdȩk and Ciepliński fixed-point approach, we investigate the generalized Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability for the 3-variables quadratic functional equation in the setting of 2-Banach space. Also, we obtain some hyperstability results for the 3-variables quadratic functional equation. The results obtained in this paper extend several known results of the literature to the setting of 2-Banach space.


An 80‐year‐old man underwent catheter ablation for atrial tachycardia (AT), which developed after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. The AT was diagnosed as dual‐loop tachycardia, which included peri‐mitral and roof‐dependent ATs. An ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall resulted in left phrenic nerve paralysis. During the procedure, the phrenic nerve paralysis was completely relieved.


The review of the HSE Youth Research Center conference demonstrates the actualization of youth research in the context of intergenerational transfers in modern Russia. The following issues have become particularly relevant: how young people comprehend reality, how their identity is formed; what are the new forms of youth activity and specific lifestyles. The focus is on the issues of patriotism, attitude to the state, trust in government institutions, youth migration, as well as employment. A diverse palette of studies using mainly qualitative methodology is demonstrated.


The process makes it possible to use cholenic acid, or an ester of cholenic acid, as the starting material, and makes possible the preparation of a compound which can easily be converted into a highly active derivative of vitamin D, i.e. 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1α,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol.