Investment in public research in Italy is below the European average as a percentage of GDP. Nevertheless, in relation to expenditure and the number of researchers, the output is high, and the quality of research, conducted in universities and research organizations, is close to that of such countries as France, albeit with lags in the most advanced levels. The Italian system, highly diversified and fragmented in its actors and funding sources, suffers from a scant capacity to apply research findings and to collaborate with firms, which in their turn spend little on research and have problems in linking their own research activity to the inputs supplied by public research entities. The system also suffers from the lack of a comprehensive strategy that sets objectives, designs missions and organizational frameworks for public research entities consistently with those objectives, and determines the necessary resources. The much-needed relaunching of Italyi?½s innovative capacity cannot be achieved without adequate financing and efficient governance of the public research system.


Experimental stress analysis techniques and their application to composite materials are described and discussed. These include strain gages, photoelastic coatings, moire and holography applied to glass-epoxy, boron-epoxy and graphite-epoxy composites. Strain gages are used extensively to determine stress-strain behavior to failure, strain distributions and concentrations.


We begin this reply by addressing some of the broader questions about the goal of our 'political theory of animals'—what it is we're trying to achieve—before turning to some of the commentators' more focused questions and challenges, particularly about regulating reproduction. It might be helpful to briefl y restate one of the central gaps in existing animal rights theories (hereafter ART) that we hope to remedy. A point of consensus that all defenders of animal rights share is that the history of humananimal relations is one of domination and exploitation. Throughout history, and around the world, humans have exercised power over animals in ways that subordinate animal interests to human interests, sacrifi cing animals to serve human purposes. The goal of the animal advocacy movement is to stop this domination and exploitation. But how do we stop it? For many defenders of ART, there is a single, simple answer: we stop exercising power over animals . The goal is not to exercise power more responsibly or more justly, but to renounce power entirely. We simply "let them be", leaving animals to live freely on their own, following their natural inclinations. 1


The research aims at analyzing the types of heroism of the main character and the cause of the emergence of the heroism in the movie 'Percy Jackson Sea of Monster'. The research method used is descriptive qualitative to analyze the type of heroism of the main character and the cause of the emergence of the hero in the book. Analysis of the type of heroism is carried out using the Morison and Labiak's theory, while analysis of the cause of emergence of the hero is carried out using Restivo and Cherry's theory. Observations show that the hero in the book is the main character, Percy Jackson, and the type of heroism belongs to the type of perfect hero and epic hero. The observations also show that there are two factors that cause the emergence of the heroism which are bad situation, injustice and self-sacrifice.Keywords: type of heroism, main character and cause of the emergence of the heroism


From the gradient spatiotemporal landscape pattern analysis using the landscape metrics based on the 1990 and 2000 land use data of Beijing metropolitan region,we achieved the affirmative and informative conclusions on the characteristics of Beijing's landscape structure change pattern and the land use spatiotemporal change pattern in the ten years.Forest and cultivated land were the most two dominant landscape types,but the urban land expanded largely from 1990 to 2000 and the total area of urban land was almost the same as rural settlement which indicated that the urbanization level of Beijing had reached to a high level.The urban land proportion decreased as the distance from the city center increased and urban areas expanded to the suburban areas in the ten years.The urbanization degree was higher to the north direction than to the south.The cultivated land area decreased in all blocks in the transects and the edge areas of the city were the most dynamic area and they were more separated and fragmented.Combining landscape metrics with gradient analysis from a temporal angle is a robust and efficient method to study the landscape pattern change in the process of urbanization.


Mutual-exclusion locks are currently the most popular mechanism for interpro-cess synchronisation, largely due to their apparent simplicity and ease of implementation. In the parallel-computing environments that are increasingly commonplace in high-performance applications, this simplicity is deceptive: mutual exclusion does not scale well with large numbers of locks and many concurrent threads of execution. Highly-concurrent access to shared data demands a sophisticated 'fine-grained' locking strategy to avoid serialising non-conflicting operations. Such strategies are hard to design correctly and with good performance because they can harbour problems such as deadlock, priority inversion and convoying. Lock manipulations may also degrade the performance of cache-coherent multiprocessor systems by causing coherency conflicts and increased interconnect traffic, even when the lock protects read-only data. In looking for solutions to these problems, interest has developed in lock-free data structures. By eschewing mutual exclusion it is hoped that more efficient and robust systems can be built. Unfortunately the current reality is that most lock-free algorithms are complex, slow and impractical. In this dissertation I address these concerns by introducing and evaluating practical abstractions and data structures that facilitate the development of large-scale lock-free systems. Firstly, I present an implementation of two useful abstractions that make it easier to develop arbitrary lock-free data structures. Although these abstractions have been described in previous work, my designs are the first that can be practically implemented on current multiprocessor systems. Secondly, I present a suite of novel lock-free search structures. This is interesting not only because of the fundamental importance of searching in computer science and its wide use in real systems, but also because it demonstrates the implementation issues that arise when using the practical abstractions I have developed. Finally, I evaluate each of my designs and compare them with existing lock-based and lock-free alternatives. To ensure the strongest possible competition, several of the lock-based alternatives are significant improvements on the best-known solutions in the literature. These results demonstrate that it is possible to build useful data structures with all the perceived benefits of lock-freedom and with performance better than sophisticated lock-based designs. Furthermore, and contrary to popular belief, this work shows that existing hardware primi-tives are sufficient to build practical lock-free implementations of complex data structures.


In this thesis, an attempt to incorporate cross-cultural research to an innovationoriented approach to technology transfer is made. As cultural aspects of international technology transfer long have been neglected, an accepted framework to analyse the phenomenon still is non-existent. In this thesis, a framework for analysing technology transfer from both perspectives is made is made, where many aspects of technology transfer are covered. To try this framework out in action, two newly established Norwegian manufacturing firms in Ningbo, China, are used in a multiple-case study, where I analyse how cultural differences affect technology transfer.


The problem of criticality hazards in the industrial processing of fissionable materials is outlined and a discussion given of the probable results of a critical accident. The necessity for suitable criticality control is stressed, and the means of such control described in the form of certain basic concepts of nuclear safety, application of which enables a chemical processing facility to handle fissionable material safely. The variables affecting a critical system are examined, particularly in their definition of certain critical parameters that aid in setting nuclear safety criteria to ensure safe operation of production equipment. The use of experimental data and the application of nuclear safety philosophies in determining control limits and process procedures is indicated, and examples drawn from production applications are presented. The organization and administration of the nuclear safety group, its responsibilities in determining the safety of an operation, in pursuing follow-up procedures after installation, and in cooperating with supervision directly responsible for administrative control of the operation are outlined. (auth)


Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to cause cervical cancer, most evidence has come from retrospective, case-control studies. In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study from Sao Paulo, Brazil, researchers examined the natural history of HPV infection and cervical neoplasia by following 1611 women (mean age, 33) …


Outreach teaching is successfully implemented as a final project in core courses at UC Berkeley within the Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering curricula. These activities have been ongoing since 1997. These courses include Mechanical Behavior of Engineering Materials, Polymer Engineering, and Introduction to Biomaterials Science. These final projects entitled "How Things Break," "Fantastic Plastic", and the "Human Body Shop" have been presented to children at the Lawrence Hall of Science (LHS), which is the public science center/museum at the University of California at Berkeley. A recent example, which will be described in this paper, is from a course entitled Structural Aspects of Biomaterials offered to junior and seniorlevel undergraduate students at UC Berkeley. The students who take the course are traditionally split between the Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering programs. For the past two years, the final project has been to design an exhibit for the Lawrence Hall of Science, based upon topics learned in lecture. These topics vary from specific medical devices (replacement heart valves, total joint replacements) to engineering issues (fatigue and fracture, viscoelasticity). Working in teams, the students research various aspects of their topics and develop lesson plans for the exhibit. In addition to primary lectures by University faculty and researchers, the students receive instruction from LHS science educators and exhibit designers on current practices in communicating science to children and the public. On the exhibit day at LHS, the student teams present activities and demonstrations of their chosen topics as well as ageappropriate literature and assessment activities designed to measure the children's learning to a target audience of LHS visitors, children ranging in age from 4 to 5 grade who visit the museum. This final project has enormous potential for learning for both the undergraduate students and the younger children. The undergraduate students are given the unique experience of determining how engineering lessons can be most effectively presented while the younger children are exposed to interesting engineering research and applications in a format that is designed to attract and hold their attention. The lively interaction between undergraduates and the visiting children is a rare opportunity for a diverse group of youth to interact with University students, encouraging the children's interest in pursuing science and engineering as future educational objectives. The goals for this project are described in greater detail in this paper, along with the basic requirements and outcomes.


Introduction: Acting White, Acting Black, and Doing A Lot of Work 1. Why Act White? 2. Talking White 3. Acting Like a Black Woman 4. Acting Like a White Woman 5. (Not) Acting Criminal 6. Acting Diverse 7. Acting Within the Law 8. Acting White to Help Other Blacks Conclusion: Judging the Acting


INTRODUCTION What makes a given task more or less difficult in task performance is of central concern with L2 teachers and researchers who have been working under the taskbased language teaching framework (Nunan, 2004; Skehan, 2001). Early work on task difficulty (Brown & Yule, 1983; Candlin, 1987; Crookes, 1986; Nunan, 1989, 1993) was mostly concerned with task grading and sequencing for the presentation of tasks to learners with different psycholinguistic needs in L2 classrooms. Task difficulty was hypothesized largely based on researchers' extensive classroom observations or theoretical speculations rather than on empirical evidence (Norris et al., 1998). In that regard, Robinson (1995) was among the first who not only developed a framework of the psycholinguistically predefined parameters of task complexity, but also empirically tested its utility and validity within the context of L2 learning. Since then, there has been a line of research (Brown et al., 2002; Elder et al., 2002; Fulcher, 1996; Fulcher & Marquez Reiter, 2003; Iwashita et al., 2001; Norris et al., 1998; Robinson, 1995, 1998, 2001a, 2001b; Skehan, 1996, 1998, 2001; Skehan & Foster, 1997; to list a few), examining the issue of task difficulty, though approached from different theoretical stances.


This article studies the control of a leader–follower pair of nonholonomic systems in the presence of formation constraints such as communication, feasibility, and performance constraints. In such a constrained configuration, communication constraints require maintaining limited-range connectivity, feasibility constraints on bearing angles are meant to avoid singularity in the control, and performance constraints include collision avoidance and prespecified transient behavior. Different from proposed solutions based on approximation-based prescribed performance or barrier Lyapunov techniques, this article provides an asymptotic result via a properly designed funnel technique. Stability analysis is provided, and a comparative study with the state of the art illustrates the benefits of the proposed method.


In 1492, Columbus set sail on a voyage to reach the riches of the East and instead found a new world. His was not an isolated act of discovery but part of the Golden Age of Exploration —a multinational effort to find new lands, new wealth, and new trade routes. Prince Henry the Navigator, Magellan, Cabot, Bering, and many others from the major European powers used large government subsidies to explore and lay claim to the Americas and large parts of Africa and Asia. The end of the 15 century saw the blossoming of exploration because of dramatic improvements in the technology of sea travel. Devices for navigation such as the sea-quadrant, improvements in cartography, and especially great improvements in ship design so that fully rigged sailing ships supplanted slave-rowed galleys or single-sail vessels, all combined to make practical the long voyages needed for exploration. These technological innovations and improvements justified the high priority that many nations gave to an exuberant and, for the times, enormously expensive effort. The result was Western civilization as we know it. At the end of the 20 century, we are in the midst of another golden age. Abundant historical examples convincingly demonstrate the effect of developments in technology on the progress of science and society, but few are as impressive as today's growth in the biomedical sciences. The advent of molecular biological technology and advances in computing, robotics, organic chemistry, imaging, microscopy, crystallography, and many other sciences and technologies have allowed biomedical scientists to answer questions that were previously completely unapproachable. My personal experiences are typical of my generation. As a junior faculty member teaching immunology, I presented the clonal selection of antibodyforming cells as a widely accepted theory, but I had to indicate that there were several quite different views of how the immune system might have sufficient genetic flexibility in order to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of different antibody molecules that we can make. Just a few years later, the genetic information for the immunoglobulin genes had been sequenced and the complex organization of the immune response at the level of the genome was exposed. The passionate debate between the somatic mutation theorists and the germ line theorists was closed forever, and in the process, a new science had been born. My personal experience was replicated in all areas of biomedical science as the new techniques solved the old problems and opened entirely new and unanticipated opportunities. The capacity to ask and answer 'impossible' questions has arrived in biomedical science, as we now see the elucidation of how many phenotypes, including the behavioral phenotypes, derive their expression. We should recognize this as the Golden Age of Biology. The best time in all of history to be a biomedical scientist is right now. It is not at all surprising that the rapid progress of bioscience has been accompanied by an increase in the number of biologists and that growth is reflected in a dramatic growth of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB). As detailed in this issue by Garrison and colleagues, membership in FASEB societies has doubled in this decade. Much of this growth is attributable to the growth in the number of societies within the Federation, but the number of biomedical scientists as a whole is clearly increasing as well. More important than sheer numbers, the data collected by Garrison et al. indicate that FASEB scientists receive a majority of all investigator-initiated NIH grants. Thus, this organization and this journal represent those who are doing the peer-reviewed, publicly sponsored biomedical research in the United States. Given this, we have a responsibility to address and support their interests. And what are the interests of biomedical scientists? Obviously, learning from others is foremost, and The FASEB Journal is one important means for scientists to learn what is happening in laboratories elsewhere. But scientists also need to explain to the public what it is that scientists do and why it is important. It is expensive to mount a national effort to conquer disease through biomedical research. The American taxpayers are spending more than $17 billion a year for just the component of research centered about the NIH and its grants and they have a right to know about the wonderful benefits, in both fundamental knowledge and disease prevention and treatment, that are derived from this effort. Public support will follow the public's understanding of the value and excitement of this era of biological breakthroughs. This is why FASEB maintains a public affairs program and urges its members to get involved in explaining to local and national audiences just what it is that biologists do. Ferdinand and Isabella were farsighted enough to see that an investment in exploration would pay great dividends, although neither they nor Columbus could anticipate the actual benefits. Today, we of the Golden Age of Biology must present our case with the same confidence and passion that promoted the Age of Exploration. We, too, have a new world of untold riches waiting for us. —Sidney H. Golub, Ph.D., Executive Director, FASEB


A dissertation submitted to the School Of Allied Health Sciences in partial fulfillment for the award of a Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Community Health at Kampala International University Western Campus


The theoretical aspect of the economic asymmetric shock refers to opposite simultaneous effects on the different systems due to the same action. For the objective of the present paper, the problem of the asymmetric shocks refers to different types of effects on macroeconomic systems due to the same action caused by an economic external factor. The appearance and evolution of the asymmetric shocks for an economic union, where the members are pushed to follow a very strict economic way, for attaining the integration process objectives, pushes the members to choose between the economic way of national macroeconomic policies in order to continue the integration process and the economic way of asking for some exceptions from the common rules in order to enforce the administrative efforts for the national economic interests towards an economic replay to the macroeconomic external shocks.


A widespread and persistent belief that scholarship as represented by credit hours is the chief factor in successful teaching is reflected in the curricula of some normal schools and teachers' colleges. For example, the new teacher-training curricula for West Virginia require from 16 to 50 semester hours credit in a single teaching field.1 A combination of two teaching fields, as English and Social Science, may require as much as 76 semester hours. On this point, however, West Virginia leads the union. The median, in semester hours, for the 26 states having a fixed requirement in each teaching field is 16 plus.2 In West Virginia the requirement varies in different teaching fields, the median being about 30. But the virtue appears to be in the quantity rather than in the quality, for an average of only 80 per cent is required for certification in any teaching field.


Recent progress in the studies of anticancer drugs originating from plants in China is reviewed in this paper. Guided by the experience of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), several new anticancer drugs have been found. Indirubin from indigofera tinctoria (青黛) is useful for the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia. On the basis of structure-activity relationship studies of these compounds, a second generation drug (N-methyl isoindigotin) has been developed. Clinical studies demonstrated that it is more effective than indirubin, 1O-hydroxy campothecin derived from Camptotheca acuminata (喜树) have exhibited definite activity on rodent tumors and it is used for phase Ⅱ studies. Iris latea pallasi Fischer var. Chinensis (马蔺子) may serve as


Air interlayers are often used as a part of thermal insulation structure and form a system with solid materials to reduce heat transfer. However, the heat transfer process in the composite structure is affected by many factors at high temperatures. In this paper, a series of heat preservation systems with air gap and solid structure were proposed. Based on the research background of heat preservation in the riser of ingot casting, the heat transfer process in the composite structure was systematically studied by means of numerical simulation and experiment. The heat transfer laws under different geometric structures, thermophysical properties of materials, and surface emissivity were obtained, which could provide theoretical basis for the design of heat preservation structures at high temperatures.


ABSTRACT Based on the resource orchestration perspective, this study attempts to explain the mechanisms underlying the "capabilities-advantages" causality. This is achieved by identifying the effects of different capabilities on small and medium suppliers' (SMSs) supply chain financing. Based on a dataset of 418 vendors for three Chinese manufacturers, we tested the hypotheses and found that: (a) operational capabilities, including improvement capability and innovation capability, have positive effects, while the effects of digitalization capabilities are complex. This is because the positive effect of information interaction capability is partially mediated by digital technology adoption. (b) Those positive effects of improvement, digital technology adoption and information interaction capability will be stronger under a low level of supply risk. This is the first study to employ the resource orchestration perspective into exploring how to improve the supply chain financing of SMSs. This study also contributes to the research on SMSs' financing and digitalization.


In this article, the notion of normal filters and prime filters is presented and several properties of normal filters and prime filters are investigated. In addition, for any two normal filters D and E of GADFL, then and of normal Filters are also a normal filters in GADFL .Further prove the results on homomorphism preserving normal filter in to normal filter. Finally, we prove Let F be a filter and S be a multiplicatively closed subset of a GADFL such that . Then there is a minimal prime filter G of R such that .
AMS subject classification: 06D72, 06B10, 06D75.


Shape processing of frame is one of the important and trouble working procedures for shipyards, and its robotized research has been carried on until it is gradually put into use in recent years. This paper introduces a CNC frame cold-bending machine, including the components of its machine, the principle of its NC control, the hardware and software of its NC control system.


The pure natural anti-UV finishing agent was extracted respectively from turmeric,Scutellaria and rhubarb by the method of water circumfluence.The compound experiments of anti-UV finishing agent were arranged according to uniform recipe design UM15(153)table,and the best compound program was obtained.The silk fabrics were treated by the compound solution and the UV transmittance,surface morphology,washability,air permeability,capillary effect,breaking strength and breaking elongation of the treated fabrics were measured.The results show that,the UV transmittance T(UVA) of the treated fabric after is 2.61%,T(UVB) is 2.62%,UPF is 41.62.The effect of anti-UV finishing agent is excellent, and the wearabilities of the fabric are not affected.


TITLE The Relationship between Teacher Instructional Techniques and Characteristics and Student Achievement in Reduced Size Classes. INSTITUTION Los Angeles Unified School District, CA. Program Evaluation and Research Branch. REPORT NO LAUSD-PARD-120 PUB DATE 2002-03-00 NOTE 42p.; For a related report, see UD 035 537. PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative (142) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; *Class Size; Discipline; Elementary Education; Elementary School Students; *Instructional Effectiveness; Language Arts; Reading Achievement; *Teacher Certification; *Teaching Methods; Urban Schools IDENTIFIERS *Los Angeles Unified School District CA


A theory of scattering by charged dislocation lines in a quasitriangle potential well of AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures is developed. The dependence of mobility on carrier sheet density and dislocation density is obtained. The results are compared with those obtained from a perfect two-dimensional electron gas and the reason for discrepancy is given.


Objective To study the feasibility of two kinds of homemade stent used in arterial system and to spread their clinical application. Methods Nine healthy hybrid canines were included in our study. Twenty prostheses,nine Z type stainless steel stent (Z SSS) and eleven Z type stainless steel stent covered polyurethane (PU SSS) were placed in canines' abdominal aorta. Following up angiography was performed at 2 weeks,4 weeks and 12 weeks respectively after placement to observe the shape of vascular lumen and blood flow of collateral vessel. All animals were sacrificed according to grouping time. Prostheses were removed for histopathological examination. Measurement data was analyzed by t test. Enumeration data was analyzed by χ 2 test. Results All except one stent were placed successfully in target vessels. The patency rates of Z SSS and PU SSS were 100% and 27.27%,respectively,with significant statistical difference ( P =0.001). Two weeks,4 weeks and 12 weeks after the stent placement neointimal thicknesses of Z SSS and PU SSS were (359.23±50.15)μm,(440.87±58.38)μm,(581.28±121.25)μm and (178.49±14.67)μm,(1202.79±421.05)μm,(1466.06±463.19)μm,respectively,with significant statistical difference ( P 0.01). Positive cell rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of SMC of both stents was (46.07±14.73)% and (85.23±18.25)%,respectively,at 4 weeks after placement,with significantly statistical difference ( t =6.535, P 0.01). Endothelialization of both stents reached about 100% at 4 weeks after placement. Scanning electron microscopic examination indicated that endothelium on the surface of stents became mature at 12 weeks. Surface erosion of stainless stents struts was not found. Conclusion ①Z SSS compared with PU SSS has better mechanical behavior,physiochemical stability,anticoagulative capability and biocompatibility. It was an ideal intraarterial stent. ②PU SSS is not fit for clinical application at present.


The study assessed the implementation of contents for secondary school biology curriculum in three states in Southwest, Nigeria. The descriptive research design of the survey type was used in this study. The population of the study comprised all Biology teachers in all the public secondary schools in Ondo, Osun and Oyo States. The samples for the study consisted of 180 biology teachers drawn from 180 public secondary schools in the three states. The sample was selected using multistage sampling procedure. An instrument tagged Inventory on Implementation of Biology Curriculum (IIBC) was used for collecting the data for the study. The validation process was exempted since an inventory was used. The responses obtained were collated and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that Biology curriculum contents were not fully covered. It was also revealed that most of the schools do not meet the recommended standard of at least 2 periods per week for practical work in Biology. It was further revealed that the implementation of the contents of Biology curriculum in secondary schools do not differ among the three states considered in this study. It was recommended among others that Biology teacher should intensify efforts to see that the biology curriculum contents are covered and implemented.


The author attempts to summarize theoretically the relevance of the systems thinking principles to leadership. The analysis of theoretical sources was carried out under the principle of synthesised coherence. The methodology of systems thinking is inseparable from the philosophy of systems thinking, thus, the article presents the common theory of systems and the systems approach to the organization. It also includes an integration of theoretical insights. A new leadership conception has been formed, which is based on the systems thinking principles. Originality and value of the new conceptual framework for leadership is integration, which focuses on interactive relations among separate leadership foundations rather than on a separate aspect of leadership. The contents of the leadership foundations may be controlled, developed and supplemented with other results of empirical studies using a conceptual framework for leadership as a basis for development of system thinking.


The management of an individual's own career is a big subject and is acutely personal. The task of advising people in general terms about their career in an objective way is very difficult. Some observations are made about career development, the give and take elements of investment in individuals, the delicate relationship between employee and employer and the special mixture which makes a good career. The account is actively shaped by the author's own personal experience, tempered by the anecdotes of the many people who have shared their experiences during job interviews. Concludes that there is no such thing as the perfect career, that the "correct" CV is an urban myth and that careers do not tend to progress at a consistently rapid speed, even amongst the supremely talented. Careers more usually tend to grow in fits and starts, moulding themselves to opportunity, domestic issues and circumstances beyond the individual's control. Recommends that, whether a person is actively looking for a job or not, reviewing available options as well as the CV is very important. Being ever ready for an internal promotion, chance invitation or business opportunity, means that the person is more likely to be able to react quickly when the time comes, so avoiding the risk of opportunities going to waste.


As one of the main contents of service management, traffic prediction plays an important role in network layout, traffic management etc. A network traffic prediction model is proposed based on ARIMA model after studying on real data collected from CERNET. The model is better than traditional Poisson, Markov and other models for it's more suitable for describing the characters of Internet. The parameters of the model are educed by using improved linear modeling. Traffic prediction data under different conditions is compared with real data, and the experiment results show that the prediction error is about 5%.


Embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity is orchestrated by co‐operativity between the transcription factors (TFs) Sox2 and the class V POU‐TF Oct4 at composite Sox/Oct motifs. Neural stem cells (NSCs) lack Oct4 but express Sox2 and class III POU‐TFs Oct6, Brn1 and Brn2. This raises the question of how Sox2 interacts with POU‐TFs to transcriptionally specify ESCs versus NSCs. Here, we show that Oct4 alone binds the Sox/Oct motif and the octamer‐containing palindromic MORE equally well. Sox2 binding selectively increases the affinity of Oct4 for the Sox/Oct motif. In contrast, Oct6 binds preferentially to MORE and is unaffected by Sox2. ChIP‐Seq in NSCs shows the MORE to be the most enriched motif for class III POU‐TFs, including MORE subtypes, and that the Sox/Oct motif is not enriched. These results suggest that in NSCs, co‐operativity between Sox2 and class III POU‐TFs may not occur and that POU‐TF‐driven transcription uses predominantly the MORE cis architecture. Thus, distinct interactions between Sox2 and POU‐TF subclasses distinguish pluripotent ESCs from multipotent NSCs, providing molecular insight into how Oct4 alone can convert NSCs to pluripotency.


Recently, tens of thousands of German Internet users were confronted with copyright infringement claims for allegedly watching porn clips on the streaming platform RedTube.com. The alleged copyright infringers received 'Abmahnung' cease and desist letters that gave them an opportunity to settle copyright infringements out of court by paying rights-holders €250 in compensation. While in cases relating to peer-to-peer file-sharing, the IP address of a peer can easily be identified,1 the RedTube case raises the question how consumers of a stream could be identified. In addition, it raises the question of whether the consumption of a stream is illegal under German law. Assuming that this is not the case, this analysis of the RedTube case highlights that the system of Abmahnungen is prone to abuse in an Internet context. Several weaknesses of the current system are identified, which show that disclosure requests are not thoroughly assessed by courts and that lawyers are far too willing to send out cease and desist letters although an infringement is not obvious. This environment allowed the emergence of anti-piracy business models that succeed in turning infringements into profit and that do not hesitate to make unfounded claims.


We present terahertz (THz)emission spectroscopy as a means of monitoring ultrafast charge separation dynamics in layered two-dimensional heterostructures. $\bigcirc \!\!\!\!\! c$ 2019 The Author(s)


Since the internet have become popular to the public, a new simulation method, which involves a large number of people in the simulation process, has been enabled. In this paper, a macroeconomic data collection simulator on the internet, which can model a closed economic system by using such the simulation method, is proposed. The simulator provides a market system with its users; therefore, they can buy, produce and sell products. System administrators can coordinate the market by controlling four macroeconomic variables. With some extensions, the simulator can model an open economic system. Macroeconomic Simulator 3 Project Neo-Genesis Phase 2 Building a Macroeconomic Data Collection Simulator on the Internet In 1998, Blizzard Entertainment, a famous computer game producer, released StarCraftTM, a real-time strategic simulation game. The game accompanied Battle.NetTM, which could connect millions of gamers through the internet. Thanks to Battle.NetTM, gamers can play StarCraftTM with human opponents; human-versus-human game play was very limited in the past due to poor network technology. The StarCraftTM and Battle.NetTM provided the gamers with a simulated battle environment. Every day, on Battle.NetTM, thousands of battle records and statistics were created. Blizzard Entertainment observed the results and applied a patch to StarCraftTM when a new exploit was discovered or some configurations were thought to be unfair. Figure 1 shows the abstract view of these relations. G Figure 1. Associations betweem Blizzard Entertainment, StarCraftTM + Battle.NetTM and the games. StarCraftTM was improved quickly with Battle.NetTM and human gamers. Unexpected exploits which resulted from the game bugs were discovered due to abnormal moves of human players; such exploits cannot be found with computer Macroeconomic Simulator 4 players, since the computers are not programmed to perform such moves. Since slight changes in the game configurations caused recognizable changes in Battle.NetTM, slightly unfair factors in the game were recognized and corrected. From a general viewpoint, the gamers and StraCraftTM +Battle.NetTM can be generalized to a simulating environment and Blizzard Entertainment to an administrator of the environment. Figure 2 shows a typical simulation system. The major difference between the typical simulation system and the StarCraftTM+Battle.NetTM system is whether humans participate in the simulation process. However, the latter kind of simulation system is a new method realized by the development of networking technology; therefore, much research is required to make the simulation method stable. G mŽœ™ŒGYUGhG› —Šˆ"Gš"œ"ˆ›–•Gš š›Œ"U In this paper, the macroeconomic data collection simulator is proposed using this simulation method. Current macroeconomic simulation systems simulate an economic model which consists of mathematical equations; they are statistically extracted from the real world. These model responds simultaneously to changes in Macroeconomic Simulator 5 model configurations as mentioned in the economic theories. However, the responses are not simultaneous in the real world. The macroeconomic data collection system is intended to collect all data in a modeled market in which people participate (similar to Battle.NetTM example), and to process the data to produce macroeconomic indices reflecting the aggregated status of the market. Therefore, system administrators can use the system as a macroeconomic data collection simulator; administrators apply a set of policies to the system, and then observe the indeces to evaluate the effect of the policy set over time. Preliminaries Project Neo-Genesis Phase 1 System Project Neo-Genesis(PNG) is aimed to create a virtual society on the internet which enables people to perform political and economic activities. The PNG Phase 1 System is the first step in achieving the PNG goal; it provides a market system on the internet which supports electronic product trade between its users. The market system is the foundation of the next phase. However, in the Phase 1 System, system administrators do not coordinate the market. Enterprise Resource Planning system An Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) system helps business managers to Macroeconomic Simulator 6 easily manage their enterprises by managing all management-relevant information electronically, and by providing adequate information on the decision-making process. With ERP systems, managers can monitor current enterprise status, make decisions with adequate information and transact business online with other enterprises. Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is defined as "the study of the behavior of the entire economy." (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 1995, p.399) The goal of macroeconomics is to achieve economic growth, price stablization and full employment of the state. The actors in the closed economy are households, businesses and a government; the government coordinates the economic environment, in which the households and the businesses perform economic activities. The government coordination on the economic environment is called policies. Monetary policies and fiscal policies are two different kinds of policies, which a government can use to control the money market and the product market. Monetary policies affect the money market; monetary policies cause changes in the money supply or the interest rates. Fiscal policies affect the product market; fiscal policies cause changes in government spending or taxation policies. Component architecture A component is an independently working software building block which can Macroeconomic Simulator 7 be used to assemble larger software. The services of a component are accessible through the interface with its internal details hidden; a component is encapsulated. Components are executed in container software, which provides standardized component infrastructure. A component architecture of a system identifies the major system parts and their associations. The parts in the architecture are usually components in componentbased software. However, legacy systems, presentation layer and other packaged software are also considered as system parts. (Dodd, 2000) System architecture The transition from the PNG Phase 1 System to the Phase 2 System. The PNG Phase 1 System is extremely limited. The Phase 1 System can only model a market in which no production occurs; hence, the Phase 1 System cannot be used as a macroeconomic simulator. In addition, the contribution of the Phase 1 System is small, because the systems which intermediate between an electronic product seller and a buyer already exist. Therefore, several additions to the Phase 1 System are needed. The Phase 2 system is built on the Phase 1 system. The PNG Phase 2 System contains two new concepts compared to the Phase 1 System. The production concept is added; as a result, the new product assembly Macroeconomic Simulator 8 procedure with existing products is supported in the Phase 2 System. The products are divided into two classes: components and end products. Components are products which are used to build other products, and the end products are products which can be used independently. The administration concept is added; system administrators can apply a set of economic policies to coordinate the market. The administrators act as the government of the Phase 2 System. The administrators can use monetary policies to adjust the money market, and fiscal policies to adjust the product market. The Phase 2 System overview. Figure 3. The PNG Phase 2 System overview. The PNG Phase 2 System consists of a government, a money market, a product market and a large number of enterprises. System administrators act as the government. The product market is the same as the market in the Phase 1 System. The central bank and banks participate in the money market. Every user of the system participates in the Macroeconomic Simulator 9 system as an enterprise. In the Phase 2 System, every user owns an enterprise; therefore, aggregate user consumption is merged with aggregate enterprise investment. The users can use ERP system by default. These ERP systems are connected to the money market and the product market, so enterprises can execute financing, procurement, sales and marketing processes. The ERP systems in the Phase 2 System should be able to perform the following activities: planning and production of make-to-stock products, production of make-to-order products, component procurement, product sales, financing and marketing. To simplify the phase, extended functionalities of current state-of-art ERP systems such as supply-chain management, strategic enterprise management, and customer relationship management are not considered in the Phase 2 System. The transaction records of the markets are collected and statistically processed to produce macroeconomic indices such as GDP and price level. System administrators can read the market trends by observing the indices. If the market behaves undesirably from the administrators' perspective, then the administrators might decide to carry out appropriate policies. In the Phase 2 System, the government can execute the following monetary policies on the money market: bank reserve requirements control, interest rates control, and open market operation. In addition, the government can execute fiscal Macroeconomic Simulator 10 policies such as taxation policy control and government spending control on the product market. As a result, the government can control four macroeconomic variables of the Phase 2 System. The macroeconomic variables are the money supply, the interest rate, the tax revenues and the government expenditure. With these variables, the Phase 2 System can be used to simulate a large number of closed economy models. Further development The extended PNG Phase 2 System To simplify the project, the PNG Phase 2 System is limited in many aspects. The Phase 2 System should be extended to gi


This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants CA27632, CA55772, and RR03048, by U.S. Department of Defense grant 17-94-J4245, and by grants from the Komen Foundation and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center Developmental Program.


The seasonal changes in photosynthetic properties in 1-year-old needles of Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) were measured using the chlorophyll fluorescence technique at various temperatures (5, 10, 20, 25 and 30°C). In the course of seasonal change, a temporary decrease in the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Φ PSII ) was observed just before budbreak. A decline in photochemical quenching (qp) was observed at the same time as that of Φ PSII but only at the two lowest temperatures (5 and 10°C). Photochemical efficiency of open PSII (F v '/F m ') also declined just before budbreak at 25 and 30°C. An increase in thermal energy dissipation as indicated by a decrease in F v '/F m ' before budbreak was not significant at lower temperatures (5 and 10°C) in spite of the declines in qp. This implies that thermal energy dissipation necessitated by the decline in Φ PSII might not be sufficiently strong to prevent a decline in qp at lower temperatures. On the other hand, at higher temperatures no decline was observed in qp because Φ PSII decreased to a relatively small extent, therefore thermal energy dissipation is sufficient in coping with the excessive energy accumulation in PSIL Seedlings of Sakhalin spruce exposed to ambient air temperature below 10°C before budbreak exhibited photoinhibition indicated by a decrease in the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ) after an overnight dark adaptation. The present study suggests that 1-year-old shoots of Sakhalin spruce have an increased susceptibility to photoinhibition at low temperature just before budbreak.


Focal "hot" spots with Tc-99m sulfur colloid in the left lobe of the liver have been reported in a variety of conditions. SPECT imaging of the liver has demonstrated increased accuracy of detecting small sized hemangiomas. A case is presented in which the SPECT images clearly demonstrate a "hot" spot in the left lobe of the liver that is not well demonstrated on planar imaging. There is little information regarding the enhanced detectability of left lobe "hot" spots with SPECT imaging. This case demonstrates such findings.


Fishing is a profession that has long been carried out by humans and is estimated to have been thousands of years old. Sero is one of the many types of fishing gear that is often operated by coastal fishermen, especially in the Palopo City area. Fish, crabs, squids, lobsters, turtles and even estuarine crocodiles are just a few examples of variations in the types of marine life that can be trapped in sero fishing gear. Along with the growth of human population and advances in fishing technology, the level of exploitation is increasing. On the other hand, the carrying capacity of the environment, including fish resources, has limitations. The increasing number of fishing activities accompanied by the reduction of catch targets also causes competition between fishermen to compete for these resources often occurs. These things then motivated the author to conduct a scientific study in the hope that the results of this study can be one of the basis for the preparation of regulations, especially with regard to the use of sero-type fishing gear in Palopo City. The purpose of this research is to examine the existence of sero fishing gear in relation to potential conflicts, business contribution, types of catch, selectivity, and estimated catch to fishing effort. The research method used includes qualitative and quantitative analysis of several respondents who were selected either randomly (purpuse sampling) or based on a commonly used formula. The data obtained from the respondents are based on the results of interviews, both through filling out closed and open questionnaires. In addition to data from interviews, other necessary data are taken from government agencies, the results of previous research by experts, or taken directly at the research location. Based on the results of the study, the potential conflict between the use of sero fishing gear against other fishing gear users only has the potential to use traps, throwing nets, and hand lines. comparison of financing (R/C), and categorized quickly through analysis of return on investment (PP). The types of sero fishing gear caught consisted of 33 species of fish, 7 species of crustaceans, and 1 species of mollusk. The variety of species caught also proves the level of selectivity of fishing gear sero fishermen in Palopo City is categorized as medium based on species diversity analysis (H') and low category based on dominance analysis (D). The results in this study also prove that the level of selectivity of fishing gear sero fishermen in Palopo City is very low even though the level of exploitation of fisheries resources in Palopo City is actually still in the developing stage. Things that can be recommended based on the results of this study are the efficiency of the number of sero fishing gear and the use of mesh sizes as well as increasing efforts to conserve mangroves as a source of primary productivity.


During sudden altercations, the more easily available and accessible weapons are frequently used
to assault; head and face being the vulnerable parts in such fatal attacks. These incidents are
mostly unplanned, and occur in a fit of rage, alcohol often being a contributory factor. The
present case series highlights the unique facial injuries caused following arguments during
alcohol consumption, and using easily accessible weapons in the surrounding. Gorkha Khukuri
knife used as a weapon of offence in the first case is a utility knife used by Nepalese population.
Fish hook used as a weapon of offence in the second case in fact is a very uncommonly used
weapon in cases of assaults.


Influence of cathodic-protection-induced hydrogenation on mechanical properties of two ship hull plate steels Tensile testing and Charpy V impact testing results for two ship hull steels: an ordinary strength steel grade A and a higher strength steel grade AH32 each in both as-received conditions and in hydrogenated by zinc protector in salt water conditions. For both steels the hydrogenation has slightly increased yield stress (Re) and elongation (A) and has not influenced ultimate tensile strength (Rm), while reduction of area has been unchanged (A steel) or even decreased (AH32 steel) due to the hydrogenation. The effect of the hydrogenation on Charpy tests results has evidently been beneficial: the increase of Charpy energy and of percent fibrosity (ductility) of fracture appearance as well as a shift down of ductile-brittle transition temperatures have been observed. It seems that the present practice to evaluate the mechanical properties of ship steels by testing the specimens without hydrogenation leads to conservative results. The Authors have hypothesized that the beneficial effect of hydrogenation can occur if the deformation rate is fast enough, the notch is sharp enough (although only for specimens hydrogenated in unstressed conditions) and hydrogen concentration is moderate.


an admirable bibliography, with the ,material divided up according to the chapters of his book. It is thus made exceedingly usable and helpful. In conclusion, the reviewer would like to say that, so far as his knowledge of the literature of Missions is concerned, ther~ is nothing quite equal !to tihis volume as a clear and condensed presentation of the history and proper interpretation of th~ great missionary cause. It ought to have, and I believe will have, a wide reading among Christians who love their Lord and are interested in the expanding kingdom. Furman University, Greenville S. C. W. J. McGLOTHLI"O


Although uncommon in head and neck oncologic surgery, major vascular complications pose a significant threat to life. 1 The increase of radical surgical intervention since the performance of the first radical neck dissection brought with it serious vascular complications. Carotid artery blowout, particularly in patients who had previously received radiation therapy, remains one of the most serious vascular events. The introduction of the modified neck dissection in 1967 promised a possible end to vascular disasters after neck dissection. Soft tissue coverage of the carotid artery by the sternocleidomastoid muscle and internal jugular vein in its course through the neck obviated the need for local muscle coverage, dermal grafts, and controlled pharyngostoma. At the same time, modified neck dissection provided acceptable control of nodal neck metastasis in properly selected cases.' Inevitably, new complications will be observed with the expanded use of any procedure. We report four patients who had internal jugular vein erosion and rupture after primary tumor resection and modified radical neck dissection.


Abstract–Oxidative stress and Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced skin damage, is involved in numerous diseases. Eclipta alba which belongs to Asteraceae family is used traditionally in ayurvedic system of medicine in India for the treatment of liver diseases. Our study shows that water extract of E. alba has a potent effect in scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), chelating ferrous ion, and superoxide radicals, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.21 mg/mL, 1.20 mg/mL, and .49 mg/mL, respectively. Identification and quantification of the wedelolactone, one of the active constituents of the Eclipta alba plant extract, was carried out by HPLC analysis. The result of the present study indicates that the Eclipta alba extract shows a high amount of ascorbic acid, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, contents. The hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta alba effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed potent antioxidant potency. Eclipta alba extract shows antioxidative properties.


Palimpsest is not a common word. It denotes a papyrus or parchment that has been cleared of its text to make space on which something new may be written. Today – in an age when paper is cheap and readily available – the word is mostly used metaphorically. We can look, for example, at land as a kind of palimpsest. For millennia, we have erased living things from the land and allowed something new to be "written" with introduced and accidental transplants. In such "palimpsest landscapes," birds are central. Their diversity and abundance serve as indicators of ecosystem disturbances. All too frequently, bird species have been introduced to new habitats and have become invasive; at the same time, many bird species have been exterminated by human actions.

This year marks a poignant anniversary. Just 100 years ago, Conuropsis carolinensis , the Carolina parakeet, became extinct (in captivity, at least) when the last known individual was found dead in his cage at the Cincinnati Zoo – coincidentally, he lived and died in the very same building in which the last passenger pigeon ( Ectopistes migratorius ) had been kept and had died only four years earlier. As late as the …


In this paper, the concepts of the base and subbase in intuitionistic Ifuzzy topological spaces are introduced, and use them to discuss fuzzy continuous mapping and fuzzy open mapping. We also study the base and subbase in the product of intuitionistic I-fuzzy topological spaces, and T2 separation in product intuitionistic I-fuzzy topological spaces. Finally, the relation between the generated product intuitionistic Ifuzzy topological spaces and the product generated intuitionistic Ifuzzy topological spaces are studied.


The design of a Kalman adaptive noise eliminator is demonstrated in detail, and a modification mode is put forward. The results of theoretical study and test show that the performance of the noise eliminator is improved greatly with the design.


A basic algorithm for solving many discrete problems is the so-called "backtracking" algorithm. The basic problem is that of generating the elements of a subset $S_0 $ of a finite set in an efficient manner. If a group G acts on $S_0 $, then one might wish to obtain only nonisomorphic elements of $S_0 $. In this paper the basic backtracking algorithm is described in terms of chains of partitions on the set S. The corresponding isomorph rejection problem is described in terms of G-invariant chains of partitions on S. Examples and flow charts are given.


Primary bilateral malignant lymphoma of the breast was diagnosed in these women. All were of the lymphoblastic type of high malignancy. Two patients were pregnant and all died of generalised malignant lymphoma. Survival time between initial or early manifestation in the breast and death was two to four months.


In this paper, a new approachfor controlof hybridsystems is introduced and illustrated usingaroboticmanufacturingsystem. Hybridsystems,whichareusedtomodelthephysical process, and their controllers are viewed as system components of an intelligent control framework and they are modeled as set-dynamical systems. The central concept studied in hybrid system modeling is quasideterminism and it is used to address the problems that arisebecauseofthenondeterministicnatureofthediscreteapproximationsofthecontinuous dynamics. Decision algorithms are derived based on supervisory control of discrete-event systems described by Petri nets. The notions of abstraction and multirate time scales play an important role in the design of decision algorithms to supervise the operation of the system.


MEPLAN land use and transportation-interaction models traditionally include models of business-location choice. The mechanisms in the model that allow for realistic aggregate assignment of firms to zones, and the resulting impact that firm location has on the entire modeling system, are described. The models use a form of logit function to allocate production activities to zones. Interdependencies in the Social Accounting Matrix, together with trip- and land-cost data and usage rates, generate a utility function for the attractiveness of purchasing a given sector's output from a given zone. The alternative specific constants and the dispersion parameter are estimated in calibration, based primarily on cost data, trip-length distributions, and arrangement of activity in a calibration year. Results from a model of Sacramento show the various features and strengths of the model, while pointing out some weaknesses and potential pitfalls. The strengths include the realistic representation of current and continuing patterns, the close linkages between different industry and household types, and the market-based nature of the model. The weaknesses include the aggregate nature of the model and the possibility of difficulties in establishing realistic, alternative, specific constants.


To rationally design the middle tower of the left main bridge(a three-tower suspension bridge with main spans 2×1 080 m) of Maanshan Changjiang River Highway Bridge,after comprehensive consideration of the structural mechanical characteristics of the tower(the stiffness of the tower was required to be appropriate),the designed tidal level,height of water,navigation and future maintenance,it was determined that the middle tower should be designed as a steel and concrete composite tower,namely the composite section of the tower was arranged below the deck,the upper part of the tower is the steel structure and the lower part is the prestressed concrete structure and the stiffness of the tower was calculated and analyzed.The results of the calculation and analysis show that in the stiffness ratio of the tower,the steel structure part accounts for 96.26%.The influence from the concrete part is little and the influences of the elastic modulus changes of the concrete part on the tower stiffness and mechanical behavior of the whole bridge are very little.


Objective To judge the value of CT in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.Methods 44 cases of acute severe pancreatitis comfirmed by operation, pathology and CT examination were reviewed.Results According to CT findings, they were divided into edematous type (n = 30) and necrotic type (n = 14).Seven cases were complicated with infection.Swelling was in 38 cases,and exudation in 34 cases,and necrosis in 14 cases,and splenomegaly in 20 cases.Conclusion CT was valuable in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis,meanwhile,it was helpful to fix quantity, find complications and predict prognosis.

Key words:
Pancreatitis;  Tomography, X-ray computed


An edition of new essays on the interrelations of psychoanalysis and sculpture, mostly from the modern period. Authors are: Martin Golding (Cambridge UK), Tim Martin (De Monfort UK), Georges Didi-Huberman (Ecole Nationale Superieure, Paris), Mignon Nixon (Courtauld Institute, University of London, UK), David Hulks (University of East Anglia, UK), Alyce Mahon (Cambridge, UK), Anne Wagner (University of California at Berkeley, USA); Brian Grosskurth (University of Toronto, Canada), Brandon Taylor (Southamapton, UK), with an editors's introduction by Brandon Taylor.


A new dimension reduction method for change-point detection in functional means is developed in this paper. The major advantage and novelty of the proposed method is its efficiency in selecting basis functions that capture the change/jump of functional means, leading to a higher detection power, especially when the functions cannot be sufficiently explained by a small number of basis functions or are contaminated by random noises. The theoretical results demon-strate that even when the change shrinks to zero, the proposed approach can still detect the change asymptotically almost surely. The numerical simulation studies justify the superiority of the proposed approach compared to the method based on functional principal components and the fully functional approach without dimension reduction. An application to annual humidity trajectories illustrates the practical superiority of the developed approach.


Housing is an important livelihood issue, it is related to the vital interests of broad masses of the people, social harmony and stability. Housing security is an important measure to solve the housing problems of urban low-income families; the establishment of housing security management information system is conducive to promoting the housing security into a more scientific, standardized, efficient and transparent way and do a great role in promoting housing security. In this paper, according to the segregation of duties at all levels under the existing housing security policy system, do the System requirements analysis separately of subdistrict office, district and city housing security department, and on this basis to build the overall framework of the system and raise the housing security application for approval business process. Meanwhile, the paper design the function module required for external and internal network, and describe the main functions of each functional modules.


The generalized scattering matrix for a generalized two-port discontinuity is used to analyze a junction between a composite region comprising a coaxial waveguide with a hollow inner conductor and a circular cylindrical waveguide. The combination of the two multiport discontinuities by a circular waveguide section is used to obtain a four-port device termed Marcatili's coupler.<<ETX>>


The FSBA (Flexible Shaft Backing Assemblies) has been developed for a 20-high Sendzimir mill. This new shape control actuator was supported by a shape analysis model based on the distribution of geometrical moment of inertia in the roll axial direction. The shape control range was doubly extended by the introduction of FSBA. It was confirmed on an industrial mill that quarter buckles are suppressed under a wide range of rolling conditions by shape control with FSBA and concave rolls.


This study was conducted to determine if hip and knee joint kinematics differed between conditions as subjects "skied" on two alpine ski ergometers.
Eleven male recreational skiers, ages 18-23, participated in the study. During the random test, sagittal plane motions of the hip and knee joints were videotaped as subjects skied on each ski ergometer at a slow speed (92 turns/minute) and a fast speed (102 turns/minute). Each subject was vid.eotaped at 30 frames per second during the last thirty seconds of a two minute exercise bout. Three turns were randomly selected and digitized on the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS). Relative angular displacements of the left hip and knee were measured and compared. Hip and knee flexion were significantly different between the two ergometers at the fast speed. A comparison of the fast and slow trials revealed that subjects were able to achieve more knee flexion at the fast speed on one ergometer.
However, on the other ergometer, the degree of knee flexion was greater at the slow speed. How closely the two ski ergometers simulate actual downhill skiing is unknown and warrants further investigation.


Lactate dehydrogenase converts that lactate to pyruvate and has very important role in carbohydrate metabolism. LDH activity depends on its isoenzymes and it has 5 isoenzymes and the activity changes under pathological conditions. The increase in LDH activity suggests the increased anaerobic conditions, exposure periods, favor anaerobic respiration to meet the energy demands, where aerobic oxidation is lowered. All bands in profenofos and carbosulfan treated tissues showed decrease (lane 5-6) in intensity when compared to control. The difference of the distribution of LDH isoenzymes in tissues is known to reflect difference in their metabolic activity.


We propose a novel approach to provide fairness on multiple timescales in the framework of core-stateless resource sharing paradigm. We illustrate the unique advantages of multi-timescale fairness. We introduce a new marking scheme, called multi-timescale bandwidth profile. It assigns drop precedence to flows based on their traffic history on multiple timescales. Additionally, we provide dimensioning guidelines for the introduced profile in an access-aggregation network scenario and present its simulation-based performance analysis.


Species distributions are rapidly being altered by human globalisation and movement. As species are moved across biogeographic boundaries, human-mediated secondary contacts between historically allopatric taxa may promote hybridisation between closely related native and introduced species. The outcomes of hybridisation are diverse from strong reproductive barriers to gene flow to genome-wide admixture that may enhance (Fitzpatrick et al., 2010; Mesgaran et al., 2016; Valencia-Montoya et al., 2020) or impede (Kovach et al., 2016) invasive spread. For native species, introgressive hybridisation may disassemble locally adapted genomes, and in extreme cases, extensive asymmetric introgression may lead to the 'genomic extinction' of endemic diversity (Rhymer & Simberloff, 1996; Todesco et al., 2016). Undoubtedly, introgressive hybridisation can rapidly alter the evolution of introduced and endemic populations. This is a major conservation issue (Leitwein, Duranton, Rougemont, Gagnaire, & Bernatchez, 2020), with the greatest potential consequences on small, range-restricted native populations where introduced species may reach higher relative densities (Currat, Ruedi, Petit, & Excoffier, 2008). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Blackwell et al. (2020) explore the history of divergence and admixture between the highly invasive Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and a recently discovered Oreochromis lineage that is endemic to the coastal lakes of southern Tanzania. Oreochromis tilapias belong to the African cichlids and the most diverse family of vertebrates (Cichlidae), with almost 2000 species inhabiting the Great Lakes and river environments of Eastern Africa (Kocher, 2004; McGee et al., 2020). By analysing previously unrecognised cichlid diversity from southern lakes, Blackwell et al. (2020) provide novel evidence for how introgressive hybridisation with introduced species can alter native genetic makeup, illustrating the potential susceptibility of Tanzania's endemic biodiversity to genetic threats from introduced taxa.


A support structure (1, 100) for supporting offshore wind turbines is provided. It comprises a foundation (2) configured to at least partly contact a seabed and at least part of a tower (3). The foundation (2) and the at least part of the tower (3) are one-piece.


The role of a tour guide was consisted with the most essential duties in the general tour industry, and its function in the travel industry was very significant. Regarding influence of satisfaction with the role of the tour guide in the contentment with travel, a willingness to re-visit and positive words of mouth, this study firstly examined the relationship of the foreign visitors on the service of the tour guide. Thus, the study suggested a fundamental direction for the tour guide through the theoretical examination on general concepts of tour guides and their roles. Based on these contents, the concluded results of the case study were listed as below. First, the number one satisfaction factor with the tour guide was the level of language skill, and the most dissatisfying factor was the observance of the travel schedule. Second, on the aspect of a willingness to return for further travel the large number of tourists indicated negative opinions. Third, the tourists expressed negative opinions on recommending Korean to others. Forth, as the level of satisfaction with the tour increased, the tourists willingness to return was high. Fifth, as the level of satisfaction with the tour was high, the tourists`s willingness to recommend Korea to others was increased. Sixth, as the willingness to return was high,the willingness to recommend Korea to other was high.


This experimental study has been made with the full realization that a vast amount of work has already been done on the various phases of the degeneration phenomena which occur subsequent to the sectioning of a peripheral nerve. However, previous work upon the changes within the neurocyte has been very meager in amount, the original and excellent work of Nissl having been accepted in its entirety. Tn making this study we had two points in mind: first, to study the changes within the peripheral nerve and within the neurocyte together, in order that we might more closely correlate the two, and, second, to study several nerves, both cranial and spinal, in order that we might compare the changes in each under the same conditions. This study was suggested by previous work done in this laboratory by Dr. L. Bender, in which she was unable to detect any changes within the spinal cord after sectioning the sciatic nerve in rabbits. Throughout this work we have used the rabbit as our experimental animal. All operative procedures have been carried out under ether anaesthesia and with strict aseptic precautions. The f acial, hypoglossal, inferior dental, and sciatic nerves have been used for this study. The sensory branches of the radial were also chosen, but because of their smallness and of the technical difficulties thus incurred in trying to pick them


Patient's education as the core of nursing care is one of the essential rights of the patients, too. Nurses should apply effective and applicable methods to teach their patients properly. The role of healthcare team, especially nurses, is very important in adopting suitable educational methods and consequently patients' adherence to their treatment regimens. The World Health Organization (WHO) has frequently pointed out that appropriate patient's education during discharge helps them adhere to their treatment regimens and this in turn leads to the shorter hospitalization, lower mortality rate, and consequently better health economics (Maningat, Gordon & Breslow 2013).


The search space for backpropagation (BP) is usually of high dimensionality which shows convergence. Also, the number of minima abound, and thus the danger to fall in a shallow one is great. In order to limit the search space of BP in a sensible way, we incorporate domain knowledge in the training process. A Two-phase Backpropagation algorithms is presented. In the first phase the direction of the weight vectors of the first (and possibly the only) hidden layer are constrained to remain in the same directions as, for example, the ones of linear discriminants or Principal Components. The directions are chosen based on the problem at hand. Then in the second phase, the constraints are removed and standard Backpropagation algorithm takes over to further minimize the error function. The first phase swiftly situates the weight vectors in a good position (relatively low error) which can serve as the initialization of the standard Backpropagation. Other speed-up techniques can be used in both phases. The generality of its application, its simplicity, and the shorter training time it requires, make this approach attractive.


Abstract The existence of Bolgiano–Obukhov (BO) scaling in Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) has long been speculated. However, due to the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the flow, and the lack of clear scale separation, no conclusive evidence has been found. To avoid these non-ideal factors, we construct an idealized isotropic convection system by introducing an additional horizontal buoyancy field to RBC in a doubly periodic domain. We focus on the two-dimensional case so that its upscale kinetic energy flux can enable a long inertial range for detecting the BO scaling. Through direct numerical simulations of this system, we justify the existence of BO scaling using second- and third-order structure functions, which are in good agreement with our theoretically obtained scaling relations from the Kármán–Howarth–Monin equations. These theoretical and numerical results provide direct support for the conjecture that the existence of the BO scaling in RBC is associated with the inverse kinetic energy cascade. For higher-order structure functions, we found strong intermittent effects in the buoyancy field, but not in the velocity. By comparing the present system with the canonical anisotropic RBC in a periodic domain, the effects of anisotropy on the scaling properties are elucidated.


The invention, with respect to the remote control device and an image display device, for example, is applied to a remote commander for remotely controlling the television receiver and a television receiver, for example, makes it possible to execute the simple version-up of the control program. It can be equipped with the IC card configuration, the remote control device 2, and transmits the data recorded in the IC card 3 to the controlled device to be controlled.


This article explores the literature on intergenerational relationships within psychological and sociological disciplines. After a brief description of the different meanings of the term 'generation', two theoretical perspectives are discussed: Mannheim's theory of generations and Bengston and colleagues' theory of intergenerational solidarity. Particular attention is given to the process of intergenerational transmission. This is followed by a rereading of the concept of generation in light of the relational–intergenerational perspective. This perspective attempts to consider together family and social generations, taken to be interdependent. The application of this perspective to the transition to adulthood is crucial to an understanding of intergenerational dynamics, whether in the family or in the community. It concludes with reflections on the meaning of the intergenerational transmission as seen from the relational-intergenerational perspective and recent research findings.


On the basis of the spatial model, the researches of stress-strain state of a two-story building from low-strength material for substantiate the effectiveness of the installation frame were fulfilled. The frame helps to reduce the stress and strain in the load-bearing structures and ensures reliable operation housing in areas with high seismicity. The choice of physical- and-mechanical characteristics for the material of brickwork is realized on the basis of natural experiments. Two models are considered: with strengthening and without strengthening of the walls by the frame. Analysis of a box-typed structure is carried out numerically by FEM.


This thesis presents the results of the analysis of the experiment "Dibaryon" (PS159), performed at CERN. This experiment studies the strange dibaryonic systems in the reactions K- + d →K+ + X-, K- + d →π- + X+ et π+ + d → K+ + X+ between. 9 and 1. 4 GeV/c. A dibaryon, with strangeness -2, is searched for in the reaction K- + d → K+ + X-. An upper limit for the production cross section of such a state is established in the range 5 to 40 nb/sr, for a dibaryon mass between 2100 to 2500 MeV/c2. A signal in the mass spectrum of the x+ system, at 2129 MeV/c2, already indicated in the reaction K- + d →π- + X+, is observed in the reaction π+ + d →K + X+. A study of this signal is performed in these two channels at different energies. The triangular diagram model, with an intermediary sigma exchanged, is in good agreement with the variation of the production cross section in the two channels and as a function of the energy.


In many countries, high-tech manufacturers concentrate in industry parks. Survey results suggest that 92% of interruption at industrial facilities is voltage sag related. An inrush mitigation technique is proposed and implemented in a synchronous reference frame sag compensator controller. The voltage sag compensator consists of a three phase voltage source inverter and a coupling transformer for serial connection. It is the most cost effective solution against voltage sags. When voltage sag happen, the transformers, which are often installed in front of critical loads for electrical isolation, are exposed to the disfigured voltages and a DC offset will occur in its flux linkage. When the compensator restores the load voltage, the flux linkage will be driven to the level of magnetic saturation and severe inrush current occurs. The compensator is likely to be interrupted because of its own over current protection. This paper proposes an inrush current mitigation technique together with a state-feedback controller for the Voltage sag compensator.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a new sterilization plasma device that would be proficient at sterilizing and removing pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and applicable to air purification systems. Methods: In order to understand the performance characteristics, the discharge characteristics of a packed bed DBD reactor and the ozone reduction characteristics of an ozone filter installed at the outlet of the reactor were investigated. Results: The novel packed-bed DBD reactor was proposed, and it was confirmed that the plasma discharge was uniformly and stably discharged throughout the entire layer, and sufficient ozone was generated for sterilization. The ozone filter was tested for three methods: adsorption, adsorption-decomposition, and catalytic decomposition. When the filter thickness was 30 mm, the ozone concentrations were 0.03 ppm, 0.01 ppm, and 0.21 ppm, respectively. The adsorption and adsorption-decomposition methods satisfied the EPA standard of less than 0.05ppm, but the catalytic decomposition method did not. Conclusions: It was confirmed that the adsorption-decomposition method has relatively excellent ozone filter performance and can provide the best ozone filter.


Several major projects have recently assessed the distribution, composition and status of living marine resources around much of the Yemen coastline, focusing on the Red Sea coast, the Gulf of Aden and Socotra archipelago. Coral reef survey methods have included remote sensing using satellite imagery for Socotra, rapid ecological and impact assessments in the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Socotra, and more detailed biodiversity studies in the Red Sea and Socotra. In excess of 250 species of reef building corals and 600 species of reef-associated fishes have been identified on Yemen reefs and coral communities. In particular, coral and fish communities of the Socotra archipelago are extremely diverse. A total of ca. 176 species of stony corals are presently known for the Yemen Red Sea, with richness at individual sites ranging from 1 to 76 spp. At least 19 new records have been identified for the southern Red Sea and further coral specimens await identification. Diversity is lower along the mainland Gulf of Aden coast, which is thought to support some 100 coral species but remains relatively poorly studied. In contrast, the Socotra archipelago supports a diverse fauna of ca. 240 stony coral species, placing it among the richest sites in the western Indian Ocean (Table I). In the Red Sea, live coral cover was generally higher (ca.10 %) in the south than at most of the northern and central areas, and there were more large colonies at the southern part of Saba Island in the Zubayr group, and Mayun Island in the straits of Bab Al Mandab. Submerged patch reefs were the most dominant in terms of cover and abundance, and were found west of Al Hodeidah, South of Ras Isa peninsula and scattered in the southern Farasan


The relationship between finance and income inequality has been the focus of development ecoromics literatures but it is rarely seen the income inequality research from an angle of financial structure.This paper studies a financial structure from the angle of financial specialization and corporate finance based on the province-level panel data from 2000 to 2009,makes an estimation in FMOLS subject to a heterogeneity test,and analyzes a long term tendency and an inner function of routes to financial structure and income inequality.Accordingly, it can be concluded as follows:(1) increasing direct financing will reduce the degree of income inequality (2 ) economic growth,one of both channels which financial structure affects income inequality,is not unobstructed,labor demand channel roughly works(3) It is suggested to relieve the finance market control gradually and improve the direct financing ratio to clear up the system-caused obstacles within the two channels. The estimation results are robust.


Sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to the production of health foods have become very popular. The concept of this study was to develop chewing candy (CC)—nutraceutical formulations based on sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and quince (Cydonia oblonga L.) juice and juice by-products (BuJ, QuJ, BuBP, and QuBP, resp.), as ingredients showing antimicrobial properties against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, and Bacillus cereus. Two texture-forming agents (agar and gelatin) were tested for CC formulation. BuJ, QuJ, BuBP, and QuBP showed antimicrobial activity against all the pathogens tested, and the largest inhibition zones against Bacillus and Proteus mirabilis were observed for BuJ and QuJ, respectively. Agar and/or gelatin selection has a significant influence on CC texture (p=0.0001), and interactions of agar and/or gelatin selection × juice or juice by-products and sea buckthorn or quince × juice or juice by-products were also significant (p=0.0001). The best acceptability was shown for CC prepared with agar and BuBP (131.7) and with gelatin and QuJ (132.0). The addition of BuJ, QuJ, BuBP, and QuBP increases the antioxidant activity of CC by five times. Finally, not just juice, but also juice by-products, have great potential as desirable antimicrobial ingredients for the food industry.


Ginger is a rhizomatous perennial herb that grows abundantly in tropical areas. It has been used around the world as a spice, flavoring agent, and ingredient in traditional medicine. Ginger essential oils (GEOs) are derivatives of ginger that can be found in various products used in daily life, such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. The present study analyzed the chemical compositions, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of three commercially available GEOs. The compositions of GEOs were identified using the gas chromatography method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay methods. The antibacterial activity was determined using a disc diffusion assay based on the diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ). The main compounds identified from the samples were zingiberene, α-curcumene, β-sesquiphellandrene, camphene, α-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-pinene, and 3-carene. The IC values were found to be 5.3023 and 1.4504 mg mL for GEO1; 0.9249 and 0.5276 mg mL 50 -1 -1


Translation from English to Korean of the Paper presented Wednesday 26 August 2009 at the session: Libraries and the Internet: Public Policy Challenges
Copyright and other Legal Matters (CLM) with Free Access To Information And Freedom Of Expression (FAIFE)

This paper examines issues arising from the pervasive nature of the internet in the dissemination of knowledge in public and academic libraries in Italy. It posits the question of the adoption of Internet Policies which would define the services and products on offer and conditions of use, observing that such policies should ensure maximum access for the user while simultaneously preserving the rights of the copyright holder. It also explores the concept of 'added value', particularly in terms of open format, noting that aspects of authors' rights need to be clarified. Outlining the progress made by some international movements in Italy such as Open Access, the paper also gives an insight into the debate within the Italian community and the challenges it faces, particularly in legal terms. It looks at copyright and other legal matters, the decrees regarding piracy, use of filtering tools and the 'Levy' Proposal, which defines product publishing and editorial activities for blogs and amateur sites.
The paper advocates dialogue between the relevant bodies with the aim of providing a clear outline of the situation and the roles and responsibilities of all parties concerned. It states that the government's role should primarily as a balance between public interest and market competition and expresses concern about the misinterpretation of the concept of intellectual property theft and recent trends to use copyright to restrict the property rights of cultural purchases. It is apprehensive that the digital divide between Italy and other countries might increase should providers of connectivity services be required to act as a "police line".


The following papers were among those presented at the speciality session on constitutive equations of soils: Flow mechanism of clay-water system and microscopic meaning on shear parameters of soils, (Matsui, T and Ito, T); Stress-strain relationship of soil based on the "SMP", (Matsuoka, H and Nakai, T); Rheological properties of swelling soils, (Meschyan, SR and Malakyan, RP); Constitutive equations of particulate material in the elastic state, (Murayama, S); Constitutive equations of particulate material in the plastic state, (Murayama, S); Constitutive equations of particulate material in the failure state, (Murayama, S); Effects of deviatoric stress history on the constitutive equations of particulate material, (Murayama, S); Constitutive relationships for soils under general stress field, (Nagaraj, TS and Somashekar, BV); Elastic moduli of undrained clayey soils based on clay-water-electrolyte system, (Nakagawa, K and Iwasaki, YT). A unified model for soil stress-strain behaviour, )Pender, MJ); Rate Process theory and clay microstructure, (Pusch, R); Induced anisotropy and time dependency in clays, (Sekiguchi, H and Ohta, H); Problems of defining constitutive relationships for soils, (Shackel, B); Equations of long-term creep of a clay during shear, (Ter-Stepanian, G); Deformation of a simple particulate model, (Thornton, C); Deformations of dry sand under cyclic loadings, (Tokue, T); Plastic yielding of a sensitive clay in true tri-axial testing, (Yong, RN and Silvestri, V); and, Stress relaxation in sand and clay, (Cheney, JA). /TRRL/


Objective To investigate the in-vitro transdermal permeability of cyclovirobuxine D ethosomes.Methods Ethosomes,liposomes,saturated aqueous solution and 35.5% saturated alcohol solution of cyclovirobuxine D were prepared.The in-vitro transdermal permeability of different kinds of preparations of cyclovirobuxine D was studied by in-vitro permeation experiments.Results Cyclovirobuxine D ethosomes enhanced transdermal flux rate of cyclovirobuxine D and the enhancement ratio was 8.85,superior to liposomes and saturate alcohol.The dermatic hold-up amount of cyclovirobuxine D in 35.5% saturated alcohol solution,liposomes and ethosomes was in a decreasing sequence.Conclusion Compared with the liposomes,the ethosomes can enhance the transdermal flux rate of cyclovirobuxine D,which could increase the systematic action of the drug.


For the first time the impact of transportation's indirect greenhouse gas emissions, notably of ozone and aerosol precursors, will be quantified in the on-going EU project "Quantify" - along with the direct greenhouse gases, of course. Long-term emission scenarios on all continents are a necessary element for global impact estimates, due to the long atmospheric lifetime of climate relevant species and their global mixing. Here we present a pragmatic approach to construct useful scenarios on the potential development of global land transport's emissions up to and beyond the year 2050. Beyond the technical difficulties we discuss what criteria there are to judge the plausibility of such developments. Vice versa, what guidance is needed for the interpretation of scenarios?


The main territory of Ukraine is located on stable Eastern
European platform but some parts are also in the
Mediterranean zone: Carpathian fold system and Foldedbrylova
Building Mountain Crimea. These tectonic structures
are characterized by seismicity. Monitoring such seismic active
regions is great interest for geodynamic study. Nowadays,
monitoring of these regions is more available with
development and distribution of GNSS technology. The
Department of Geodesy and Astronomy of Lviv Polytechnic
National University operate several reference GNSS stations in
Carpathian region. These stations are used for engineering
purpose but they also have a strong potential for the
monitoring of regional and local crustal deformation. This
research intends to quantify crustal deformation trend in
Carpathian fold system using GNSS technique observations
starting from 2013 to 2016. GNSS measurements are
processed by Gamit-Globk software. Absolute rates of
reference stations have been estimated (22 mm/yr). Horizontal
rates show a clear trend – a dextral character. Movement
components are in the direction of northern east.


Lassa Fever (LF) continues to be an endemic acute viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) illness in Nigeria. Many suspected cases of LF infection have subsequently been confirmed negative and raises concerns as to what the diagnosis of such patients could be. Hence this study was to determine the causative agents of unconfirmed LF among initially suspected cases in South Western Nigeria.
In this retrospective study, blood samples originally collected from 233 suspected cases of a LF outbreak response at Owo and Ose LGAs of Ondo State, were transported in triple level packaging and stored at -80°C. All samples were screened for LF IgM and IgG markers and LF PCR. Forty-five out of the stored plasma samples were randomly retrieved and analyzed for presence of IgM for seven other VHF viruses; Chikungunya (CHIK), West Nile (WN), Rift Valley fever (RVF), Yellow fever (YF), Dengue fever (DEN), Zika and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF).
Out of 45 samples screened, 1 (2.2%) was positive for YF IgM antibody. The same sample was previously confirmed LF positive by PCR. This LF and YF co-infection was from a male, 23-year old individual.
The presence of co-infections of LF and YF draw to limelight the need to be broad minded in exploring for the presence of other VHF viruses in outbreaks. Further studies are needed to decipher the diagnosis of LF suspected cases.


Recommended Citation Kleban, Hailey and Bhandari, Abhay, "Do Chief Executive Officers with Higher Compensation Assume More Innovative Risk Within Their Firms? Unearthing the Relationship Between Chief Executive Officer Compensation and Firm Innovation Levels: An Analysis of S&P 500 Companies" (2022). Senior Honors Papers / Undergraduate Theses. 39. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/undergrad_etd/39


: This paper describes an integrated architecture using digital terrain elevation data (DTED) with kinematic GPS (KGPS) and a radar altimeter. Flight testing was performed to assess the feasibility of enhanced flight safety. Reasons for enhanced flight safety are twofold: (1) the ad hoc integration of terrain elevation data into the cockpit could conceivably create scenarios that would lead to accidents because the cockpit display is quite realistic, and (2) controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) is reduced. The radar altimeter is the principal sensor used to compare navigation outputs with publicly available DTED. Results show it is feasible to define an operationally useful detection threshold to determine the level of agreement among KGPS, DTED, and the radar altimeter by using a mean-square-difference test statistic. If the test statistic exceeds the detection threshold, the pilot can be warned that the terrain depiction does not agree with the navigation solution provided by KGPS, so that flight safety is enhanced.


Superannuation death benefits do not usually form part of an estate and appropriate planning is often needed to avoid family disputes.


The detection sensitivity (DS) of a commercial single-photon receiver based on an InGaAs gate-mode avalanche photodiode is estimated. The installation of a digital-blanking system (DBS) to reduce dark current differentiates between the DS, which is the efficiency of the detector during its open-gate/active state, and the total/overall detection efficiency (DE). Using numerical simulations it is found that the average number of light-pulses blanked by DBS following a registered pulse is 0.333. The DS is estimated at 0.216, which can be used for estimating the DE for an arbitrary photon arrival rate and gating frequency of the receiver.


Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings or tumor boards (TBs) are fundamental components of cancer treatment. Although their primary function is improved outcomes, this aspect is often underreported. The main objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) discussed at TBs, and to compare the effect of adherence and nonadherence to recommended treatment plans on outcomes.


The recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Szmulewicz, Valerio (1) addresses an issue of current debate in the field - that of whether cognition in bipolar disorder (BD) is neuroprogressive or stable(2). Based on a synthesis of studies of longitudinal cognitive performance in recent-onset (8 studies) and late-life BD (4 studies), this review provides evidence against this hypothesis and is consistent with an earlier meta-analysis in predominantly mid-life adults with established BD(3).


Aiming at the floor crack occurred in a demolition resettlement district basement,the crack occurring reason was discussed,the temperature stress analysis and calculation was carried out,the effective measure was proposed so as to prevent concrete shrinkage crack occurring.


Two of the main problems with the development of ferrocement for use in the developed world are confidence in the amount and type of reinforcement and the penetration of the matrix. It is always possible to take cores but these are only capable of providing a spot check, leave unsightly holes and are obviously not suited for water retaining structures. What is required is a non-destructive test that may be applied with confidence. Other parts of the construction industry use different types of process depending on the task in hand. Examples are: 􀁸 Ground probing radar for the location of underground voids 􀁸 Thermography to establish heat loss from buildings 􀁸 Ultrasonics to find cracks in either steel or concrete and to provide estimates of strength 􀁸 X-ray to find voids in welds. This paper concentrates on the results of the X-ray investigation carried out as part of a larger investigation into the possibility of using these techniques when applied to ferrocement and to provide guidance for future research. To compare the different methodologies a number of test specimens were cast with known faults..