The collected vibration signals from defective rolling element bearings are generally non-stationary and corrupted by strong background noise. The weak fault feature extraction is crucial to mechanical fault diagnosis and machine condition monitoring. A new method EWT-based (Empirical Wavelet Transform) for bearing fault diagnosis is proposed in this paper. It consists of four parts. Firstly, the frequency ranges of meaningful modes are self-adaptively obtained by combining scale-space representation and Otsu's method. Secondly, the meaningful modes are acquired by utilizing EWT to decompose the raw vibration signal. Thirdly, the first two modes possessing maximum kurtosis are selected as fault components. Lastly, the fault-related features could be observed in the time domain and envelope spectra of the selected modes. Experimental results verify that the proposed method is very effective for bearing weak fault diagnosis and the performance of proposed method is obviously better than the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD).Copyright © 2015 by ASME


We derive expressions for the achievable rate region of a collaborative coding scheme in a two-transmitter, two-receiver pairwise collaborative network (PCN) where one transmitter and receiver pair, namely relay pair, assists the other pair, namely the source pair, by partially decoding and forwarding the transmitted message to the intended receiver. The relay pair provides such assistance while handling a private message. We assume that users can use the past channel outputs and can transmit and receive at the same time and in the same frequency band. In this collaborative scheme, the transmitter of the source pair splits its information into two independent parts. Ironically, the relay pair employs the decode and forward coding to assist the source pair in delivering a part of its message and re-encodes the decoded message along with private message, which is intended to the receiver of the relay pair, and broadcasts the results. The receiver of the relay pair decodes both messages, retrieves the private message, re-encodes and transmits the decoded massage to the intended destination. We also characterize the achievable rate region for Gaussian PCN. Finally, we provide numerical results to study the rate trade off for the involved pairs. Numerical result shows that the collaboration offers gain when the channel gain between the users of the relay pair are strong. It also shows that if the channel conditions between transmitters or between the receivers of the relay and source pairs are poor, such a collaboration is not beneficial.


Core–shell nanoparticles are a unique class of nanostructured materials, which received significant attention in the last two decades owing to their exciting properties and a wide variety of applic...


The invention relates to a piezoelectric actuator (1) for driving a movable part (2), for example. Which is for example a rotor, having an elongate piezoelectric resonator (3) is provided to perform longitudinal vibrations and on which resilient means (10), z. As a spring (10) act. It is provided that the elastic means mainly in the longitudinal direction (11) on the piezoelectric resonator (3) is supported and is provided to exert a force on the resonator (3) toward the movable part (2), wherein the resonant frequency is of the elastic means (10) is much smaller than the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric resonator (3), and that the piezoelektische resonator (3) perpendicular to its longitudinal direction (11) of at least one guide element (4, 5) is guided. Thus, the resonator (3), as much as possible freely swing resulting in increased efficiency.


Although they play an important role in the China's economy, the small and mediumsized enterprises are confronted with such problems as the falling benefits, heavy loss, and bankruptcy. The direct reasons for these problems are the challenges faced with the small and mediumsized enterprises, and the retardance of role change in the market competition and the vague positioning of the enterprises. This paper makes a contrastive study of the managerial concept, organized systems and economic growth between stateowned largescale enterprises and the small and mediumsized enterprises so as to point out a referential developing path for the small and mediumsized enterprises.


Research into the use made of dictionaries by learners of Modern Foreign Languages indicates that there is a need for dedicated training programmes in the use of dictionaries as a learning tool. Such programmes will be designed to encourage learners to make use of their dictionaries in a positive and productive way during the whole of the learning process, not just in the more traditional way as a verification tool or gap-filling reference book.


Simple Summary Domestic duck populations in China have abundant genetic resources, and this study is the first to evaluate domestic and wild Mallard populations. To explore the genetic diversity and ancestry of duck populations, we analyzed a sequence (619–667 bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the control region. Two Muscovy duck breeds were included in this analysis, along with wild Mallard ducks, Eastern spot-billed ducks, and 22 domestic duck breeds. Significant genetic diversity was found among domestic duck breeds. These results not only provide valuable insights into the genetic makeup of domestic ducks but also provide clues to the possible origin of domestic ducks in China. Abstract China has a rich genetic resource in its 34 domestic duck breeds. In order to detect the genetic diversity and explore the origin of these indigenous duck populations, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was sequenced and analyzed for 208 individual ducks, including 22 domestic breeds, wild Mallards ducks, Eastern spot-billed ducks, White Muscovy ducks, and Black Muscovy ducks. The haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.653 and the average nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.005, indicating moderate genetic diversity. Sixty haplotypes were detected, and the maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree and median-joining (MJ) network were generated from the sequence analyses. In this study, haplotypes from the Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) were detected in most of the Chinese domestic duck breeds. In addition, the Eastern spot-billed duck (A. zonorhyncha) H8 haplotype was detected in two duck breeds. Only two haplotypes were found in Muscovy ducks, suggesting low genetic diversity within this population. The sequence and haplotype analyses revealed that both A. platyrhynchos and A. zonorhyncha contributed to the evolution of domestic ducks in China.


The ductus arteriosus (DA) must be closed after birth for the establishment of adult circulation. Extremely preterm infants, however, frequently have patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which associates with significant morbidity and mortal-ity. At birth, the separation of the fetus from its maternal environment constitutes a dramatic change for the infant. Initiation of respiration changes serum composition and oxygen tension resulting in the closure of the DA. We found that serum osmolality was significantly decreased early after birth in rats, and that the hypo-osmolality sensor transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 3 had increased expression in the rat DA compared to the aorta. Our data suggest that a decrease in serum osmolality promotes DA closure via TRPM3 and that an increase in osmolality dilates the DA. For extremely preterm infants, recent recommenda-tions include immediate amino acid supplementation. We examined plasma amino acid composition and found an association between low glutamate concentration and PDA. Our data suggest that glutamate induces DA contraction through the AMPA receptor GluR-mediated noradrenaline production. Based on these data, maintaining proper levels of serum osmolality and amino acid composition may improve the therapeutic outcome of PDA in extremely preterm infants.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of delayed myocardial enhancement in contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI about the myocardial infarction.Methods Nine patients with MI and eight patients of suspected MI underwent with multimodality MRI,the result of MRI was compared with clinical data.Results Delayed myocardial enhancement was found in all the 9 MI patients.In the 8 suspected patients,subendocardial delayed enhancement was found in 2 of the patients,2 patients cardiac ischaemia,1 patient was hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with multiple necrosis,1 case with diffuse myocardio injured,2cases normal.Conclusion Myocardial delayed contrast-enhanced MRI is accurate and reliable for diagnosing the myocardial infarction.


A new chiral oxa[7]heterohelicene 1b was synthesized by catalytic aerobic-oxidative tandem cyclization of the o-phenylene-linked bis(2-naphthol) derivative 3 with palladium acetate in dimethyl sulf...


Heart Failure (HF) is a serious public health problem, characterized by high rates of incidence and prevalence worldwide. HF is responsible for the increased rate of hospitalisation, rehospitalisation and mortality. With high rates of hospitalisation and rehospitalisation, costs become higher for the health systems. Home Telemonitoring (HTM) can help the HF patients and also the health systems to fight against the high rates of hospitalisation and, consequently, the high expenditures. The present work has the main aim to prove the potencial of HTM in reducing costs, rates of hospitalisation/rehospitalisation due to decompensation of this pathology. The study will compare the costs of all hospitalisations due to exacerbation of HF occurred in 2010 at the Hospital Pedro Hispano (HPH) with the cost of implementation and use of a HTM system to apply these same patients. It will be used some studies already carried out about the HTM in the HF as the basis of their ability to reduce high rates of hospitalisation associated with HF. Studies support the potential of the HTM to reduce the rate of hospital admission associated with chronic HF from 1,68% to 68,3%. The total cost of 410 admissions occurred in HPH in 2010 was € 1.421.084,48. According to estimates provided by two companies that sell telemonitoring solutions in Portugal, the annual cost of implementation and use of HTM can vary between € 966.386,40 (ISAIntellicare) and € 1.010.420,4 (TCare). The costs obtained for the implementation and use of HTM in patients with chronic HF proved to be less than the cost of hospitalisations due to exacerbation of this disease. The reference studies point to the potential ability of the HTM to reduce hospitalisation rates. The reduction of 21% was the result observed with greater frequency. The purchase of any product requires the amortization of its cost in a given time period. The amortization of the amounts spent with HTM by the method of constant shares would be achieved with a reduction in hospitalisation rates of 9,41% per year for 3 years. As the result observed more frequently in reference studies was a reduction in the rate of admission of 21% (more than 9,41%) it can be expected that the National Health System can spend less with chronic HF through TMD. Key-words: heart failure, home telemonitoring, hospitalisations, costs


Abstract The insertion loss and extinction ratio of an amplitude modulator and a 2×2 switch based on a two-mode fiber (TMF) interferometer butt coupled to one or two offset single-mode fibers are analyzed theoretically. Performance is shown to be limited by the asymmetric shape and small secondary lobe of the TMF mode pattern, which prevent full coupling to the single-mode fiber. For an amplitude modulator using a circular (elliptical) core TMF, applying a suitable offset between fibers and optimizing the fiber parameters, the loss can be minimized to 0.39 dB (0.23 dB); the extinction ratio is then 14.4 dB (16.9 dB). With a different offset, the extinction ratio can be made infinite, but the loss is then 0.95 dB (0.47 dB). Comparable figures are derived for a switch.


PreviewCan you identify the common gastrointestinal diseases that may present as acute abdomen? Are you familiar with the most effective, safe methods of diagnosis and medical treatment for each? Most important, do you know the point at which surgical intervention is warranted? Dr Eaves-Hill's article may help refresh your memory.


Objective:To analyze the recurrence factors for women with early stage breast cancer after breast conservation therapy(BCT).Methods:Between 1988 and 2005,304 women with early stage underwent lumpectomy,axillary lymph node dissection and definitive irradiation. Most of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.The patients with positive estrogen hormone receptors received tamoxifen administration.The risk factors of local recurrence were estimated by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:The median follow up was 97.2 months.24 cases of local recurrences occurred in the period of 8~204 month follow-up.The 8-year local recurrence rates were 9.9%.Hormone receptor(negative) was a risk factor associated with local recurrence rate.However,tumor size,the number of positive axillary nodes,margin status and pathological type were not relative to local recurrence rate.Conclusion: Age and estrogen receptor are very important predictive factors of local recurrecne for women with early stage breast cancer after breast conservation therapy(BCT).


The present invention, an image frame sequence, the video segment (GOP: Group of pictures) to separate them when the encoded through the temporal decomposition, such as MCTF (Motion-Compensated Temporal Filtering), of the frames belonging to a certain video segment of each decomposition find a reference block for the image block that is included in the start frame of the level, and the L frames obtained at the final stage of the temporal decomposition process in the immediately preceding period of the video segment, from the frame in the same video segment the image block and the reference block and encoding the image difference between the image block. Thus, not even the higher the video segment bakkwimyeonseo upon decoding temporal synthesis step is not introduced errors in the first frame. MCTF, encoding, the temporal decomposition, error propagation, L frame


A general relativistic time‐relaxation model is introduced and compared with the relativistic Boltzmann equation. It is proved that the model has the same features (formal properties of linear operator, positive transport coefficients, etc.) of the Boltzmann equation. It is also shown that the phase speed of infinitesimal disturbances, propagating in a gas described by our model, is less than the speed of light.


Observations, obtained with the Voyager ultraviolet spectrometers, are presented of absolute fluxes for two well-known hot subluminous stars: BD + 28 deg 4211, an sdO, and G191 - B2B, a hot DA white dwarf. Complete absolute energy distributions for these two stars, from the Lyman limit at 912 A to 1 micron, are given. For BD + 28 deg 4211, a single power law closely represents the entire observed energy distribution. For G191 - B2B, a pure hydrogen model atmosphere provides an excellent match to the entire absolute energy distribution. Voyager absolute fluxes are discussed in relation to those reported from various sounding rocket experiments, including a recent rocket observation of BD + 28 deg 4211. 43 refs.


Conceptualizing different foreign entry modes as distinct organizational forms, we examine how wholly owned foreign subsidiaries (WOFSs) gain legitimacy in a host country. Drawing on the institutional and ecological perspectives, we build a legitimation framework based on the ideas of identity, community, and audience. Specifically, we identify dual sources of legitimating influences for these subsidiaries in China in 1979–95: foreign direct investment (FDI) communities, and host country public opinion. Our findings reveal that the legitimation and competition dynamics of FDI communities and Chinese acceptance of the organizational form both influenced adoption of wholly owned foreign subsidiaries in China.


W ATER is one of the most important substances connected with life in this world of ours. The plant uses water in some form at every stage in its life period. Germination cannot proceed without moisture, and the first organs produced by the growing plant are roots for the absorption of water. Water makes up 50 to 90 per cent of the growing grass plant on fairways, tees, and greens. Even such structural parts of the plant as cell walls, vessels for translocation of food materials, fibers, and tissues for mechanical support, etc., are produced in the plant by combining water with other substances. Approximately 3 5 to 5 5 pounds of water is required for every 100 pounds of such tissues formed. The material which plants use as food, principally the starches and sugars, require 5 5 to 60 pounds of water for every 100 pounds of food manufactured. The plant's food is actually made in the leaves of the plant, but this process can only take place when the cells and cell walls are kept moist with water. The nitrogen and minerals which the plant must obtain from the soil, and which is frequently added in the form of fertilizer, only enters the roots when dissolved in water. These minerals are transported to the various parts of the plant in a stream of water which extends from the roots, through the stems, to the very surface of the leaves. The food manufactured in the leaves is carried throughout the plant wherever needed, but only as it is dissolved in water. The combination of sugars, starches and other substances with the nitrogen and minerals to form protoplasm and cell walls for new cells, in roots, leaves and stems, takes' place only with an abundant supply of water. When the plant finally dies, it is decomposed by bacteria and molds which also require moisture for their activities. In nature, the decaying plant is broken down to its elemental components, which are water, carbon dioxide gas, and minerals. At an intermediate stage in this process of decay, humus is produced. When added to the soil, this decayed organic matter greatly modifies its water holding capacity, and other physical properties.


Let us recall that billiard system describes motion of a particle in a flat domain Ω with piecewise smooth boundary P. Reflection should be elastic. The Hamiltonian is the square of velocity vector. D.Birkhoff proved the integrability if P is an ellipse. V.V.Kozlov, D.V.Treschev proved that integrability preserves for P that consists of arcs of confocal ellipses and hyperbolas. This system has an additional first integral Λ which value is some parameter of the caustic for trajectory. Fixing | − →v |2 = h one have 3-dimensional manifold Q3 foliated on level surfaces of Λ. Such foliations are smooth-wise analogs of Liouville foliations investigated by A.T. Fomenko school. Fomenko–Zieschang invariant (graph with numerical marks, vertices correspond to singularities of the foliation) classifies them in the sense of Liouville equivalence. Two integrable systems are called equivalent if piece-wise diffeomorphism exists. Their trajectory closures also have the same structure. Fomenko–Zieschang invariant for billiards in flat domains were calculated by V. Dragovich, M. Radnovich and V.V. Vedyushkina (Fokicheva). Let us call such plane domains elementary domains. Now we describe a generalization of such billiard. Let us glue together several elementary domainssheets along common borders. Produced domain has a structure of CW-complex. Let us call it a billiard book. An interesting problem is to describe the Liouville foliation of the obtained billiards. Previously, the case of only two glued domains-sheets was considered. Produced domains were called topological billiards. They were completely investigated in terms of the Fomenko-Zieschang invariant in [3]. Later these invariants were calculated for wide class of non-trivial billiard books. On the other hand Fomenko-Zieschang invariants were calculated for many integrable cases of the rigid body dynamics and geodesic flows. It allows to detect the Liouville equivalence of these systems to some topological billiards by comparing the invariants (see [2]). It means that billiard books and topological billiards "visually model" many fairly complicated integrable cases in the dynamics of the rigid body. This simulation makes it possible to present and effectively classify the stable and unstable periodic trajectories of integrable systems, in particular, in physics and mechanics. For example, the Euler case can be simulated by the billiards for all values of energy integral. Such billiard simulation is done for the systems of the Lagrange top and Kovalevskaya top, then for the Zhukovskii gyrostat, for the systems by Goryachev-Chaplygin -Sretenskii, Clebsch, Sokolov, the Kovalevskaya-Yahia case (Kovalevskaya top with gyrostat) for many values of energy. Also it was possible to apply results of our calculation to modeling integrable geodesic flows on orientable 2-dimensional surfaces. Namely, all such flows that have linear or quadratic first integral were modeled by integrable billiards. It means that every linear or quadratic integral can be realized in this sense by one, canonical Hamiltonian and quadratic first integral.


Review of The Divorce Revolution: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in America by Lenore J. Weitzman. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Preview allows drivers to build expectations and to anticipate future traffic circumstances and possible threats. In reduced visibility conditions, the span of preview is decreased and therefore uncertainty about the presence and behaviour of other traffic participants is increased. Drivers can compensate for this increased uncertainty by reducing speed and maintaining a larger headway, thereby giving themselves more time to react to hazards. However, if maintaining speed has a high priority, adaptation of speed and headway may diminish. Distance keeping behaviour in fog was studied in a driving simulator. The instruction to drive on a fixed time schedule was expected to reduce adaptation of driving behaviour in fog. In general, the results indicate that drivers increase headway when the possibilities for anticipation are reduced, thereby increasing the time available to react to decelerations of the lead car. If this compensatory strategy is not desired, drivers have to maintain high alertness in order to react adequately to unexpected decelerations of the lead car. Presumably, this is an effort-demanding strategy that imposes a high time-stress on the driver.


The need for small area estimates is increasingly felt in both the public and private sectors in order to formulate their strategic plans. It is now widely recognized that direct small area survey estimates are highly unreliable owing to large standard errors and coefficients of variation. The reason behind this is that a survey is usually designed to achieve a specified level of accuracy at a higher level of geography than that of small areas. Lack of additional resources makes it almost imperative to use the same data to produce small area estimates. For example, if a survey is designed to estimate per capita income for a state, the same survey data need to be used to produce similar estimates for counties, subcounties and census divisions within that state. Thus, by necessity, small area estimation needs explicit, or at least implicit, use of models to link these areas. Improved small area estimates are found by "borrowing strength" from similar neighboring areas.


The poverty problem has been an important social problem in rural area. The radical way of solving basic life of rural poverty group exists in developing rural economy and increasing income of peasant. Meanwhile, it is indispensable to give final security to poverty group by System of Minimum Security Line of Living. This article elucidates significance of establishing System of Minimum Security Line of Living of Rural Residents from 4 aspects.


Interviewed by AnnaMaria Tammaro Digital Library Perspectives Plamen Miltenoff is the Scholarly Communication Librarian at University of Minnesota Duluth. He has an international background with studies in Bulgaria, the former Soviet Union, Austria and the USA and with practical experience and theoretical research in the digital library context both in Europe and in the USA. His latest research, publications and presentations focus on immersive teaching and learning, online interaction between teachers and students in the hybrid classroom and social media for institutional use. As a privileged witness of the digital transformation of libraries, we asked him for his opinion on the impact of the partnership between the Library and the Digital Humanities scholars for digital library services and tools.


based sensors. However, other techniques can be used to characterize and describe these satellites. One method is analyzing the photometric signature from the satellite. In this paper, the results of determining a satellite's shape independent of its size and material composition using simulated data from a photometric modeling tool are presented. A total of 54 test cases were used in the study: six satellite passes, three regular polyhedron shapes, and three satellite attitudes. For each combination of pass, shape, and attitude, 3600 telescope locations centered on the satellite pass were created, andsimulated photometry signatures of the satellite as observed from each location were generated. Comparing simulated photometry data from four different telescope locations to a phase-anglemagnitude distribution for each satellite shape, it was possible to automatically determine the satellite shape 80% of thetimeforrotatingsatellites.Whenthesatellitehadamorestableattitude,however,itwasonlypossibletocorrectly determine the satellite shape 72% of the time.


Aircraft air-conditioning system, with at least one fresh air supply line (14) for guiding fresh air into an aircraft cabin, wherein the fresh air is blown out via at least one vent (48) in the aircraft cabin, wherein to the emanator (48) includes a cyclone unit in the vicinity (10) is arranged with an inlet opening (12) which is connected to the fresh air supply line (14), a suction port (28) is sucked through the air from the aircraft cabin, and at least one outlet opening (24) at least one with the , air outlets (48), characterized in that during operation of the aircraft air conditioning system in the cyclone unit (10) generates a cyclonic flow by means of serving as supply of fresh air and through the suction port (28) is sucked in air from the aircraft cabin, the fresh, together with the air is ejected through the outlet port (24), each vent (48) through an exhaust tube (42) with the outlet opening (24) and each exhaust tube (42) with its said vent (48) the opposite end in a distributor element (34) opens, the ...


promoted organic food as not only good for the environment and one's health but also as food that tasted better, which was distinct from the Grahamite and Kellogg eras' definition of good food that compromised taste for nutrition. Consumers of this era put their faith in decentralized and localized agricultural decision-making, no longer trusting the government's regulatory power and intervention capacity. Haydu notes, ''while the consumer strategy of basing trust on personal ties—know your famer, know your food—would endure, this solution for problems of trust in other respects was short-lived'' (p. 122), and the subsequent co-optation and corporatization of the organic movement shows this skepticism was not unfounded. Upsetting Food makes several notable contributions to the fields of social movement theories and food studies, and the final chapter highlights the ''layering of movement causation—system dynamics, piggybacking, reform legacies'' (p. 133) in food protest. Haydu argues that food protest has been uniquely interactive with other movements across time and political issues, resulting in themes that persisted across more than a century, even as the protest of each era was informed more directly by other movements of the time. Another major contribution of the study calls into question our tendency in contemporary food studies to attribute the prominence of marketdriven, consumer-oriented solutions to ''neoliberalism'' and treat this attribution as a new phenomenon. Historical precedents indicate that this trend has existed from the beginning of food protest in the United States, at least among middle-class (white) consumers, which compels food scholars to exercise caution in unpacking why marketand consumer-focused framing of food issues resonates more readily with certain consumers today. Throughout the book, Haydu addresses explicit class and gender boundaries that motivated food protest participants to project their social concerns onto food consumption. One issue that I wished the book leaned into more extensively is how race intersected with class and gender in each era of food protest. To be clear, the author makes note of the cases of overt racism, such as Kellogg's turn to eugenics during the progressive era, and more covert cases, such as the 1960s organic movement embracing ''brown food'' while uncritically operating in a very white space. Yet the political and cultural climates that these food protest participants were occupying appear to be homogeneous and undeniably white. For example, the civil rights movement of the 1960s, which famously involved food-related protests such as lunch counter sit-ins and the Black Panthers' breakfast programs, seemed to have had little impact on white, middle-class organic movements. And perhaps that is precisely the point—that these movements were not reflecting all facets of American experiences of the time. Given the current political climate and the public reckoning with the historical silencing of marginalized voices, the three food protests' persistent insularity depicted in the book may have become even more relevant in the aftermath of the racial justice discourse of 2020 than when the author concluded the work. To those observing and studying the new era of food protest that is on the rise, this book offers a jumping-off point to understand what has come before and how distinct (or not) the new iteration of the food movement will be.


A 60- year- old female patient with no significant past medical his-tory presented to the hospital for an annual health checkup. A physical examination and laboratory panels were within normal limits. Nonetheless, an abnormal 12- lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was noted and, hence, a request for cardiology consultation was made to evaluate the findings. What is your diagnosis? What is the implication?


An imidazolium-based ionic liquid was embedded into MIL-101(Cr) via coordinate and covalent bonds to synthesize heterogeneous catalysts for efficient CO2 capture at low pressure and CO2 fixation wi...


The building of masculine and feminine is a social processing of the differences between the two sexes, also performed as a legal construction. The essay investigates how "law builds gender" as well as "gender builds law". On the one hand, gender rules shape the law implicitly, as far as they are supposed or considered to be "natural"; on the other hand, when the "nature" appears not to work, statutes and court judgments are needed in order to create or to reinforce gender rules (gender rules are disclosed by the law).
The issue is dealt with by means of three case studies: the judgments that denied women to vote in 1906; the development of the notion of the "unity of the family", according to Art. 29 of the Italian Constitution and in special reference to the Constitutional Court rulings on adultery, between 1961 and 1969; the case of the continuation of the marriage after the gender reassignment of one of the spouses and the question on the constitutionality of the ex lege divorce imposed by law no. 164/1982, decided by the Constitutional Court in 2014.


Muslim investors desire to invest limited funds in various capital market instruments is satisfied with the presence of Islamic mutual fund. Measurement of Islamic mutual fund may use the method of Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen, based on the risk premium. Performance measurement can be taken into consideration for investors to invest their funds into mutual funds in the form of sharia. Calculation of performance with this method involve the discount rate SWBI (wadiah Bank Indonesia Certificates), the market benchmark Composite Index (Composite Index) and JII (Jakarta Islamict Index) which greatly affect Islamic mutual fund. In taking the case of Islamic mutual fund period 2005 - 2007 acquired Islamic mutual fund performance data that is able to outperformed. However, the performance of Islamic mutual fund is always changing or unstable for each year. This is evident from the number of ratings generated from the three calculation methods.


The velocity of the racket head in a tennis serve is one of the significant factors in a match. The fastest velocity of the racket head before impact may be performed by the appropriate sequence of segmental rotations. Anderson (1979) and Miyashita et al. (1980) reported that there was a close relationship between the muscular activities patterning in the overarm throw and the tennis serve. Elliott (1983) observed the movement pattern for the power serve in tennis using kinematic data. However, there were no reports concerning effects of joint fixing on the velocity of the racket head in a tennis serve.
The purpose of this study was first to investigate the serving motion in tennis by means of a kinematic method. Second, it was to more clearly define the appropriate sequence of segmental rotations employed.


This article examines the role of sentiment for global risk premia. We analyse whether the global risk premia on macroeconomic fundamentals can be estimated more thoroughly if sentiment is included as additional conditioning information. The analysis is performed in the framework of a conditional multiple beta pricing model. The focus of analysis is the asset excess returns of the G-7 stock markets in the period from February 1999 to February 2012. The obtained results indicate that sentiment as conditioning information is able to contribute to the explanation of the general macroeconomic risk premia.


We present the near- to mid-infrared (~2.5-13 μm) spectrum of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1316 (Fornax A) obtained with the Infrared Camera (IRC) on board AKARI. NGC 1316 is known to have a peculiar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission spectrum with an unusually high ratio of the 11.3 μm to the 7.7 μm emission intensity through the Spitzer IRS observation. NGC 1316 is a 3 Gyr old merger remnant with a dormant nucleus that was rather active 0.1 Gyr ago; the relatively well-known evolutionary history makes the elliptical galaxy an ideal probe for studying long-term effects of past energetic events on the interstellar medium. We have found that there is no significant PAH emission feature at 3.3 μm while we have confirmed the peculiar PAH emission spectrum in the mid-infrared. We have detected a strong absorption feature at 4.3 μm, which may be attributed to solid-state CO2 in grain mantles. We discuss physical implications for those unusual emission and absorption features.


Precision measurements of X-ray transitions in p, K, p, S, S, X and W atoms of light elements with crystal spectrometer are discussed which aim to improve particle masses and to study hyperonnucleus strong interaction. The Monte-Carlo estimations of possible results are presented. The work was reported on the Workshop on Fixed Target Physics at the Main Injector (Fermilab, Batavia, USA, May 1n4, 1997) and on the 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (Big Sky Montana, USA, May 27n June 2, 1997).


While the global foreign aid trend has shifted closer to security, the Development Assistance Committee prohibits donor countries from giving aid for military purposes or the donor countries' security interests. Many scholars observed that several projects of Japan's Official Development Assistance are, to a large extent, military aid or driven by national interests. In this paper, I answer the research question: How does Japan justify the maritime safety capability improvement ODA project for the Philippine Coast Guard? Guided by the concept of foreign aid as a foreign policy tool and the Copenhagen School's securitization theory, I conducted a critical discourse analysis of 25 official documents from the Japanese government. I found that Japan utilizes a securitizing move as a means to justify its ODA project. Through the securitizing move, Japan motivated that the referent objects, including the Asia-/Indo-Pacific region and Japan, are facing existential threats, comprised of maritime risks and the disrespect to the rule of law in the region.


The invention discloses an overhead transmission line crossover measurement method based on airborne laser radar data. The method comprises the following steps of: designing the flying route, flying height and system parameters and performing data acquisition; processing the laser radar data to obtain a laser point cloud data classification map, an DEM (digital elevation model), a contour line, a DSM (digital surface model) and a DOM (digital digital orthoimage), and performing overhead transmission line optimization design; determining the crossover position of the overhead transmission line, and selecting a corresponding item from a ground feature base and marking; performing crossover height measurement by comprehensively utilizing the laser point cloud data, DEM, DSM and DOM; and marking the linear crossover of the crossing angle to be measured and the designed line with vector lines, and measuring the crossing angle. According to the invention, the height and position of the crossover power line and the crossing angle parameter of the line are obtained by use of the laser point cloud data and the high-resolution orthoimage, and the precision and efficiency of the line crossover measurement are improved.


Previously, we have shown that 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) can bind to protein and that autoantibodies were induced in mice by immunization with a self‐protein in vitro conjugated with HEMA. The present study aimed to develop a model for HEMA‐induced sensitivity by the application of the substance on intact skin. Female BALB/c mice were painted on the dorsum of each ear with 50% HEMA in vehicle twice a week for 6 weeks. The anti‐CD3ε‐stimulated lymph node production and the spontaneous spleen‐cell production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10 and interferon‐γ were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In another experiment, the cytokines were followed after subcutaneous HEMA injections. Animals painted with HEMA had a significantly higher IL‐6 production by anti‐CD3ε‐stimulated lymph node cells and significantly suppressed IL‐10 production by spleen cells compared to vehicle‐treated mice. This correlated to some extent with the spontaneous spleen‐cell production induced by subcutaneously administered HEMA. An injection of 20 µmol of HEMA induced an increased production of IL‐6, while injection of 40 µmol depressed both IL‐6 and IL‐10 production. Although there was no sign of inflammation on the ears, findings suggest that HEMA had penetrated the skin and induced a reaction in the immune system.


Based on technical and clinical application research a new generation of so-called micro-endoscopes was developed, with a wide range of indications in gynaecology as well. The innovative potential of these new endoscopes is, however, still to be considered against the background of the risks of erroneous findings at laparoscopical and hysteroscopical diagnosis, so that here too, clear indications will have to be worked out.


We introduce a scheme for static analysis that allows us to partition large geometric datasets at multiple levels of granularity to achieve both load balancing in parallel computations and minimal access to secondary memory in out-of-core computations. The idea is illustrated and fully exploited for the case of isosurface extraction, but extendible to a class of algorithms based on a small set of parameters and for which an appropriate static analysis can be performed.


Triaxial compression tests were run at room temperature to determine failure characteristics of rocks extracted from the geopressured-geothermal reservoir underlying Brazoria County. Effects of both confining and pore fluid pressure were considered. Like all other rocks, ultimate strength was found to increase with increase in effective confining pressure. Partial ductile behavior was observed at pressures above 5000 psi. In general rocks from this reservoir were found to be considerably weaker than corresponding well compacted sandstones.


Excited-state proton transfer dynamics of photoacids becomes independent on the solvent basicity when confined in the small reverse micelles. Deprotonation and recombination dynamics of photoacids depend on the micelle size with the water and methanol cores.


1. A PREREQUISITE. To increase the likelihood of this paper's being intelligible, I will preface it with a brief summary (largely a restatement of results in unpublished papers by Ross and Lakoff) of an important notion that recurs in it, namely that of the CYCLE. I will assume in what follows that the transformational component of a grammar divides up into three sub-systems of rules: pre-cyclic transformations, the cycle, and post-cyclic transformations. I will ignore pre-cyclic transformations, since the one known pre-cyclic transformation (namely the sentence pronominalization which gives rise to the it of such sentences as Margaret is believed by many to be pregnant, but she denies it) is irrelevant to my argument. The rules of the cycle are ordered, as are the post-cyclic transformations. All the rules of the cycle apply in sequence first to the innermost sentence, then all the rules of the cycle apply to the next higher sentence, etc. Thus, an application of a rule of the cycle to an embedded sentence precedes all applications of that or any other cyclic transformation to the sentence in which it is embedded. The following illustrates the kind of grounds on which one can conclude that certain transformations have to be in the cycle. There is a transformation, called EQUI-NP-DELETION, which deletes the first noun phrase of an embedded clause if it matches a certain NP of the clause containing it, as in Max wants to drink a daiquiri, where the subject of drink has been deleted under identity with the subject of want (Fig. 1).1 There is another transformation (/known under a variety of names) which I will refer to as SUBJECT-RAISING; it applies to certain sentences containing an embedded clause, moving both the subject and the remainder of the embedded clause into the higher clause, as in Arthur seems to admire Spiro, which arises from an underlying structure in which seem is an intransitive verb whose subject is the sentence Arthur admires Spiro (Fig. 2). The interaction of these two transformations is seen in the sentences (1) Boris wants to seem to understand physics. (2) Boris seems to want to understand physics.


Monitoring and managing natural reserves scientifically and efficiently is vital to sustainability and better visitor experiences.GAP analysis(a geographic approach to protect biological diversity) is a spatial analysis based on GIS and provides a more synthesized and macroscopic way to better implement resource and visitor management.First,we frame an assessment model with a series of indexes concerning diversity and the centrality of resources,protection level,management and investment level.Secondly,we modeled the change and current situation of protection,management and investment in different national natural reserves managed by the State Forestry Administration of China with a database from 2003 to 2010.We found that more than one third of provinces have a drop tendency concerning protection and investment conditions;the management conditions in most areas remain at low levels.The efficiency of management and investment were static during the eight year sample,especially in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Tsinghai,Tibet,Anhui,Fujian and Hainan.Many of the funds established for the protection of heritage resources are being used in the wrong way;furthermore,most local governments take resources as a tool to gain revenue.


George Orwell claimed that the inherent political criticism in his work was "determined by the age he lives in." This is partially true. While his work is ostensibly "determined" by the political developments of the 1930s and 1940s, it is overwhelmingly subjective, influenced by his own experiences and his emotional reactions to them. It might be more accurate to say the content of his work is determined by "how he lives" in the age he lives in. Orwell's five-year stint as an Imperial Policeman in Burma immeasurably influenced his career as a writer. Besides giving him a first-hand look at the effects of imperial policy on native populations, Orwell's job left him with a guilty conscience. His first explicitly political work, The Road to Wigan Pier, represents his attempt to exorcise his guilt, to atone for the wrong he believed he had committed as an agent of imperialism. The relationship between Orwell's imperial service and The Road to Wigan Pier illustrates the degree to which successful political art can combine the personal life of the author with universal political aims. Indeed, the success of this specific work owes much to Orwell's ability to integrate his feelings about his time in Burma into his political argument about class relations and England and the Socialist Party's failure to repair them.


A wheel-individual steering system allows influencing the toe-in actively. This possibility can be used to interfere with the longitudinal dynamics of a vehicle. Thus a potential for a functional integration of braking and steering arises, which has to be analyzed. In this paper, an active toe-in for generating braking forces is examined with the help of simulation and the potential is discussed. It also shows an approach how the lateral behavior of vehicle tires can be determined experimentally with measurements of the vehicle longitudinal dynamics. A verification of this approach is done with a testbed of the Mechatronic-Mobile.


In this article, I share the reflections developed in my doctoral thesis about the relationship between the experience of being an international student in Barcelona and the internationalization of higher education, a phenomenon that has provoked discussions about the university's role in the world economy today and the consequences of thinking and taking internationalization as a goal for the education system. For this article, I narrate how letters became the way I organize the thesis report, presenting and then problematizing the biographical reports of the research collaborators in reference to the discourse on the internationalization of higher education.


The independent innovation ability of enterprise is the essential force for promoting the overall development of enterprise.Based on the investigation of various industrial enterprises in Yangquan City,this paper analyzes the connotations of the independent innovation ability of enterprise,analyzes objectively the present situation of the independent innovation ability of enterprise,and puts forward some countermeasures for speeding up the improvement of the independent innovation ability of enterprise.


Due to its high efficiency and simple circuitry, the LLC Resonant converter is frequently utilized in onboard charger applications. To realize constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charging, the typical LLC converter with variable frequency control suffers from a wide switching frequency range and also loose the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) at CC charging mode. In this research, a unique LCL resonant converter with built-in CC and CV output characteristics is offered as an alternative to the conventional solution to this issue. The CC and CV charges are implemented in the suggested concept employing the inherent properties of LCL resonant converter as a current source and as a voltage source. This paper also reports a design technique of the LCL resonant converter to achieve output voltage within the desired range in both CC and CV mode. The proposed converter may accomplish zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for all primary-side inverter switches and zero-current-switching (ZCS) for load side rectifier diode during CC charge operation as well as during CV charge operation, this ensures a high efficiency. A 3.6-kW prototype with 250 V input and 126.3-16S V output is designed and simulated. The simulated results validate the proposed converter in CC-CV charging mode in ZVS region.


The duplex–hairpin interconversion of two DNA decamers, d(CAACGGGTTG) and d(CAACCCGTTG), has been characterized thermodynamically and kinetically by using uv‐melting and nmr relaxation methods. Separately, each decamer shows slow exchange between hairpin and duplex conformations. The hairpin conformations have melting points of 47 and 50°C, respectively, and exhibit similar thermodynamic stabilities. The enthalpies of duplex formation, measured by nmr, were found to be very similar (ΔHDH = 26 ± 3 kcal/mole) for both decanters at low salt concentrations (< 50 mM NaCl). However, as the salt concentration was increased the behavior of ΔHDH, and kinetics is significantly different for each decamer. The d(CAACGGGTTG) decamer forms a duplex containing two central G·G mismatches at high salt and DNA concentration. Based upon the measurement of high interconversion activation energies and a decrease in hairpin formation rate with increasing salt, the interconversion between hairpin and duplex was concluded to proceed by complete strand dissociation. In contrast, the d(CAAC‐CCGTTG) decamer was determined to form a duplex with two centrally located C·C mismatches at pH values less than 6.2, consistent with the formation of a hemiprotonated C+·C mismatch. At pH values greater than 6.4, the hairpin–duplex equilibrium is almost completely shifted toward the hairpin conformation at DNA concentrations of 0.5–7.0 mM and salt concentrations of 10–100 mM. The interconversion of duplex and hairpin conformations was ascertained by means of both kinetic and thermodynamic measurements to proceed by a slightly different mechanism than its complementary decamer. Although the interconversion proceeds by complete strand separation as suggested by high duplex‐hairpin interconversion activation enthalpies, the increasing hairpin formation rate with increasing ionic strength as well as the ΔHDH, dependence on sail indicate that an intermediate internally bulged duplex (no C+·C formation) is stabilized by increasing ionic strength. These data support an interconversion mechanism where an intermediate internally bulged duplex may be the rate limiting step before strand separation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Background: Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain rich information of patients' health history, which usually include both structured and unstructured data. There have been many studies focusing on distilling valuable information from structured data, such as disease codes, laboratory test results, and treatments. However, relying on structured data only might be insufficient in reflecting patients' comprehensive information and such data may occasionally contain erroneous records. Objective: With the recent advances of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, an increasing number of studies seek to obtain more accurate results by incorporating unstructured free-text data as well. This paper reviews studies that use multimodal data, i.e. a combination of structured and unstructured data, from EHRs as input for conventional ML or DL models to address the targeted tasks. Materials and Methods: We searched in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Digital Library, PubMed, and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library for articles related to ML-based multimodal EHR studies. Results and Discussion: With the final 94 included studies, we focus on how data from different modalities were combined and interacted using conventional ML and DL techniques, and how these algorithms were applied in EHR-related tasks. Further, we investigate the advantages and limitations of these fusion methods and indicate future directions for ML-based multimodal EHR research.


Science, technology and sustainability article try to tell the situation that happen in today routine life. This article explains on how does Islamic perspective in handle and solving the issue arises in environment and ecology. The article starts by giving definition on the world view from the glass of Islamic and western doctrine and understanding on environment. Next the article explains on why does human has the responsibility on governs the nature and should not make no harm upon the environment. Environmental ethic that the western civilization practices reflects the action that the western people do when dealing with the environment. Islamic perspective seems to be the best alternative in dealing and helping the nature to heal from the corruption that it faced. In conclusion the article hopes that, Islamic approach for environment issue method can be one of the choice in future in order to settle or drafting the policy.


The article presents data on the species composition of fish in the waterbodies of the Mordovo floodplain of the Saratov Reservoir in the territory of the Samarskaya Luka National Park. The ichthyofauna of the investigated reservoirs was studied for the first time. The species structure of fish catches in five floodplain lakes and in one channel was analysed. Typological habitat conditions in waterbodies (for example, the flowage of floodplain waterbody and its connection with the Reservoir) effect the species diversity of fish. In four of the six investigated bodies of water, an alien species, the Chinese sleeper, was discovered. The biotope of the species is confined to the thickets of aquatic vegetation, regardless of the depth and place of its growth in the reservoir.


Yoke member of cardan joint is made as an integral part of one of the pieces comprises a pivot fork, a coupling element for the transmission shaft. Pivot fork has a pivot arm portion of the two, respectively, and a cross hole that axis is the pivot axis of the crosspiece. Coupling element has two clamping parts via the connecting portions, each clamping portion has a clamping bore. Four reinforcing appendices are arranged in the clamping portion to form the housing of the transmission shaft with partial tightening in pairs opposite each other. Yoke member, the region where such a high stress is stamped to provide the desired thickness to low stressed areas.


We intrduce a new algorithm for  regularized generalized linear models. The  regularization procedure is useful,especially because it ,in effect,selects variables according to the amount of penalization on the  norm of the coefficients,in a manner less greedy than forward selection/backward deletion. The algorithm efficiently computes solutions along the entire regularization path using the predictor-corrector method of convex-optimization. Selecting the step length of the regularization parameter is critical in controlling the overall accuracy of the paths; we suggest intuitive and flexible strategies for choosing appropriate values.


The invention discloses a distributing device used before automatic packing of beverage bottles. The distributing device comprises a support, wherein two parallel cross beams are erected on the support; a circulatory conveying belt is erected between the cross beams; two conveying baffles which are separated from each other are erected at a feeding end of the circulatory conveying belt; a conveying channel is formed between the conveying baffles; two movable distributing baffles are erected above the circulatory conveying belt at a discharging end of the conveying channel; a distributing conveying channel is formed between the two distributing baffles; one ends of the distributing baffles are respectively hinged to the ends of the corresponding conveying baffles; the distributing baffles are driven to move by a cylinder arranged on a fixed beam above the distributing baffles; a counting sensor is arranged at the upper end of the output end of each distributing baffle; a plurality of lines of partitions which are evenly spaced are erected on the circulatory conveying belt and on the outsides of the output ends of the distributing baffles; and to-be-packed conveying channels are formed among the partitions. By the distributing device, automatic distribution and counting of the beverage bottles can be realized before automatic packing of the beverage bottles, later packing operation can be finished by a person, time and labor are saved, and the work efficiency is high.


After having outlined its most relevant administrative features, the case of financial vulnerability of local governments (LGs) in Portugal is presented and discussed by applying the conceptual framework developed in Chapter 2. The chapter describes how Portuguese LGs were re-establishing financial equilibrium since May 2011 when the country signed the "Memorandum of Understanding on Specific Economic Policy Conditionality" with the so-called Troika (i.e. European Commission, ECB, and IMF). The several legal measures implemented at the time aimed to prepare for a de-centralisation process, which formally began in 2018, transferring to municipalities several public services so far provided centrally. The chapter discusses how these processes might have created financial buffers, but these municipalities faced the COVID-19 crisis with rigid expenditures on personnel and for the provision of essential services. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Emanuele Padovani, Eric Scorsone, Silvia Iacuzzi and Simone Valle de Souza;individual chapters, the contributors.


Infection of human embryonic fibroblast cell monolayers with neutral red and light-inactivated herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2) at supra-optimal temperature (42 degrees C) resulted in persistence of viable cells in suspension culture at 37 degrees C which have properties in common with virus transformed cells: formation of cell aggregates, HSV-2-specific antigens and colony formation in soft methyl cellulose medium. These data are consistent with the idea that photodynamic inactivated HSV-2 has potential oncogenic activity.


Location factors influence the value and prices of the urban land decisively.However,it is very confused to analysis location factors of city land in practical work.So we defines and analysis location factors of city land in the background of related subjects,then propose specific location factors of city land in land evaluation.


Abstract Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), this paper analyzes the dynamics of equivalent income in East and West Germany in the years following reunification. Special emphasis is given to the separation of permanent and transitory components, the persistence of transitory shocks and their implications for the persistence of poverty and inequality. The results suggest that in West Germany, between 52 and 69 per cent of cross-sectional income inequality was permanent, and that poor individuals stayed in poverty for two years on average. In East Germany, the share of the permanent component in overall income inequality rose continuously from 20 per cent in 1990 to 72 per cent in 1998, reaching a level near the one that prevailed in West Germany during the same period. The rising importance of time-invariant components in East German incomes was also reflected in expected poverty durations which slightly increased from 1.47 years in 1990 to 1.67 years in 1998.


In the context of building an innovative country, the cultivation of university students in innovation and entrepreneurship has become a significant educational content in colleges and universities. Through the analysis of the status quo of students in universities in innovation and entrepreneurship, some countermeasures are proposed in this paper for solution to the issues of college students in innovation and entrepreneurship. According to the demands of college students and development in the society, cultivation of students in colleges and universities in innovation and entrepreneurship can not only help them grow into talents in practice and innovation, but also provide certain reference significance for training talents with innovative thinking to start up businesses in current colleges and universities.


Thiamine (vitamin B{sub 1}) content in two varieties of Brazilian beans, Phaselus vulgaris L., var. carioca and Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp, var. macacar , irradiated with doses ranging from 0,05, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 kGy was investigated. After a 6 months storage period, the optimum cooking time was established for each dose and variety. Sensorial evaluation tests were carried out by a panel of six people trained to this specific task. Our purpose to work with these beans is because conflicting results have appeared in studies about vitamin loss after low-dose irradiation. In our case, after a 6-month storage period of this two kinds of beans, in addition to the analysis of cooking time and sensory properties the vitamin B{sub 1} content was evaluated. No significant vitamin losses were observed in Macacar beans until 10.0 kGy. Carioca beans showed small losses after 2.5 kGy. (author). 23 refs., 2 figs., 5 tabs.


Fractal dimension of different land-use types was computed by a box-counting method with Banzeng and Fengshan towns of Nanchong as the sample areas of central Sichuan hilly region. Then,dimension's implications about land use spatial distribution and its influence factors were analysed. Results indicate that land use is clear fractal in town and village scale. The fractal dimension of different land-use types is between 1 and 2; irrigation facilities' dimension tends to be 1 and plough's dimension tends to be 2. Fractal dimension could indicate the occupancy degree of one land-use type in the total study area or administrative area and the fullness degree in external min square. A bigger fractal dimension means larger occupancy degree and larger fullness degree. No palpable correlation has been detected out between topography factor,number of farmer households and fractal dimension.


Next to its well-established role as a myelin-associated neurite growth-inhibitory protein, Nogo-A more recently has emerged as an important modulator of adhesion and migration. However, Nogo-A's function in adhesion and migration is diverse and strongly dependent on a complex orchestration of cell-intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors. In this letter we summarize the current knowledge on Nogo-A's role in adhesive and migratory mechanisms. Additionally, we revisit an earlier hypothesis concerning a putative role for Nogo-A as regulator of early post-natal cerebellar granule cell migration. Pulse labeling of proliferating cerebellar granule neurons in early postnatal wild-type and Nogo-A-null mice enabled us to follow their migration dynamics over multiple days. Neither migration speed, nor cell proliferation, or layer area sizes were influenced by Nogo-A deletion, hence suggesting another role for early postnatal Nogo-A expression in the premigratory zone of the external granule layer.


This paper considers secure transmission design for multiple-input-single-output multiple multi-antenna eavesdroppers networks with finite alphabet inputs. To improve the achievable secrecy rate, the joint optimization of beamforming vector and transmitting power is studied. We transform the multi-variable problem into a single-variable problem, and then derive the beamforming vector and the transmitting power using one-dimensional search method. Specially, the secure transmission designs in the extremely signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime are investigated. In the low SNR regime, the problem of beamforming design is transformed into a semi-definite programming problem, which can be handled by interior-point-based methods, and the optimal transmitting power is obtained. Besides, two different secure schemes, which are zero-force beamforming scheme and joint beamforming and jamming scheme, are proposed to increase the achievable secrecy rate at high SNR. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes significantly improve the secrecy performance of the system.


The increasing acceptance of natural gas as primary energy in different market segments and the variance in consumption between the seasons require more and more buffer storage capacity, because of contracted constant gas supply quantities. The surplus gas becoming available during the summer time can be stored and withdrawn during the winter time for covering peak demands. Based on these facts, the gas distribution companies utilize exploited gas fields for gas storage by drilling additional wells and installing gas compression facilities. Such a compression duty with a wide range in flow and discharge pressure requires a great flexibility of the compression equipment, including high reliability and availability during operation periods.


Acknowledgements Introduction Preamble PART ONE: SOUTH AFRICA The Making of the Mahatma Bewildering Doubts, Convincing Answers, 1894-5 The First Definition of Hinduism PART TWO: INDIA: CONVICTIONS AND ATTITUDES 1921: A New Definition of Hinduism Facing the Gritty Reality of Hinduism The Persistence of Advaita Scriptural Authority and 'the Voice Within' Religious Pluralism PART THREE: INDIA: RELIGION IN ACTION The Ashram-Dweller Calling on the Divine Power The Potency of Perfect Chastity The Power of Fasting Never Enough Non-Violence The Passion to Serve Conclusion: A Homespun Shawl Notes Index


Background Since ancient times, pain and inflammation have been treated using herbal remedies, which are essentially a stockroom of phytochemical components. Due to the numerous adverse effects of the already available anti-pain and anti-inflammatory medications, the search for new potential pharmaceuticals used to relieve pain and inflammation from natural sources is an ongoing process. The present study was therefore, aimed at investigating the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the solvent fractions of the roots of E. kebericho M. in mice model. Methods Successive maceration was used as a method of extraction using solvents of increasing polarity: methanol and water. The crude extract was then further fractionated using distilled water, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. Each solvent fraction was then evaluated for its peripheral analgesic activities using an acetic acid-induced writing test and central analgesic activities using the hot plate method. The acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activities of the solvent fractions were detected using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet ear granuloma respectively. The detected doses were 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg. The positive control groups received ASA (150mg/kg) for the writing test, morphine (10mg/kg) for the hot plate method, diclofenac Na for carrageenan induced paw edema and dexamethasone (10mg/kg) for granuloma, while the negative control group received distilled water. Result EA fraction at all test doses employed (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) showed statistical significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 respectively) analgesic effects in both chemical and thermal induced pain stimuli in dose dependant manner. Likewise, EA fraction also exhibited anti-inflammatory activities on carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in a dose-dependent manner. The AQ fraction on the other hand produced statistical significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.012) analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities at the doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, while the CH fraction exhibited statistical significant (p < 0.05) analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 400mg/kg. Conclusion In general, the data obtained from the present study elucidated that the solvent fractions possessed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and recommended further investigations.


The main contents and methods of process monitoring are introduced.The development of statistical process monitoring is analyzed.The traditional PCA,PCR,PLS,FDA,HMM and some improved PCA methods are elaborated in details.Some conclusions and further research works are given.A valuable research direction is to combine the human experience and expert knowledge with PCA statistical process monitoring to raise the PCA ability of fault detection and isolation,improving the capacity of fault diagnosis and evaluation.


Abstract With international arrivals surpassing 1.5 billion for the first time in 2019 the long-term evolution of tourism demonstrates prolific path dependence with a decade of growth since the global financial crisis. This latest period of unfettered international tourism development has come to an abrupt end as the impact of COVID-19 has brought the sector to a near standstill. As the world grapples with the realities of the global pandemic there is an opportunity to rethink exactly what tourism will look like for the decades ahead. Key concepts in evolutionary economic geography, especially path dependence/creation and institutional inertia/innovation, show variations in pathways for travel and tourism in a COVID-19 world. A path that leads to transformation in tourism can be realized if sufficient institutional innovation occurs on both the demand and supply side of tourism that can foster the emergence of new paths. COVID-19 presents a once in a generation opportunity where the institutional pump is primed for transformation. Whether that leads to a radical transformation of the tourism sector remains to be seen, but the imprint it will leave on both the demand and supply of tourism will have long-term, incremental impacts for years to come and ultimately move us closer towards the transformation of tourism.


A 10bit, successive approximation A/D for precision data acquisition have been developed by successful application of the differential sampled data comparator technique. Typical nonlinearity was measured within ±1/2LSB over -40 to +85°C, at a single 5V, 5mW operation.


The Dahomey Basin is an amalgamation of inland/coastal/offshore basin that expanses from southeastern Ghana through Togo and the Republic of Benin to southwestern Nigeria. It is separated from the Niger Delta by a subsurface basement high referred to as the Okitipupa Ridge. The Cretaceous Abeokuta group is the oldest and the thickest group of sediment in the Dahomey basin. The Abeokuta group is composed of the Ise, Afowo and Araromi Formation. Ise Formation unconformably overlies the bedrock complex of Southwestern Nigeria. This unit consists of conglomerates, grits, coarse to medium grained sands interbedded with kaolinite.


Plant metallothioneins(MTs) are low-molecular weight proteins with rich cysteine,and can bind metal-ions.They are wide-spread in plant kingdom and can be induced by many abiotic factors.The unique characteristics of scavenging ROS(reactive oxygen species) and binding metal-ions make it a hot topic in plant researches.In this paper,the advances in the classification,genetic structure and regulation,structure,characteristics and application,separation and purification of plant metallothioneins were briefly introduced,as well as detection methods.Besides,some scientific problems in the research were listed,and the landscape of plant metallothioneins research was prospected.


Four different land gravity meters were run side-by-side on a test range in east Texas. This test range was designed to duplicate typical field survey conditions encountered in gravity measurements on 3D land seismic surveys. A profile of 270 stations was acquired with a station spacing of 33.5 m (110 ft ). The four meters were Scintrex CG-3, Sodin, LaCoste & Romberg (L&R) G-meter, and Edcon / L&R Super-G meter. The purpose of this study was to determine which of the four meters had the best balance of accuracy, convenience, and speed of measurement for these specialized surveys. All four meters had their limitations and no single meter was greatly superior to the others.


To optimize the revision of the general land use planning and improve effectively the data storage and spatial analysis,the existing advantages and disadvantages were analyzed and discussed in the revision on GIS.Meanwhile,the reasonable suggestions were put forward,which would make the general land use planning work more scientific alness,integrity,dynamics.


Congenital heart defects are the most prevalent type of birth defects. The association of air pollution with congenital heart defects is not well understood. We investigated a cohort of 8969 singleton live births in Lanzhou, China during 2010–2012. Using inverse distance weighting, maternal exposures to particulate matter with diameters ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were estimated as a combination of monitoring station levels for time spent at home and in a work location. We used logistic regression to estimate the associations, adjusting for maternal age, education, income, BMI, disease, folic acid intake and therapeutic drug use, and smoking; season of conception, fuel used for cooking and temperature. We found significant positive associations of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) with PM10 during the 1st trimester, 2nd trimester and the entire pregnancy (OR 1st trimester = 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36, 11.53; OR 2nd trimester = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.57, 8.22; OR entire pregnancy = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.62, per interquartile range (IQR) increment for PM10 (IQR = 71.2, 61.6, and 27.4 μg m−3, respectively)), and associations with NO2 during 2nd trimester and the entire pregnancy (OR 2nd trimester = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.34; OR entire pregnancy = 2.32, 95% Cl: 1.14, 4.71, per IQR increment for NO2 (IQR = 13.4 and 10.9 μg m−3, respectively)). The associations for congenital malformations of the great arteries and pooled cases showed consistent patterns. We also found positive associations for congenital malformations of cardiac septa with PM10 exposures in the 2nd trimester and the entire pregnancy, and SO2 exposures in the entire pregnancy. Results indicate a health burden from maternal exposures to air pollution, with increased risk of congenital heart defects.


Background: Severe postpartum anemia after cesarean is strongly associated with predelivery and postpartum Hb levels in maternal. The adverse effects of anemia impact health and economic development. WHO estimates that 12.8% of maternal deaths in Asia can be attributed to anemia.Objective: This study aims to identify the effect of the anemia booklet on the perception, participation, and hemoglobin level of cesarean mothers in the management of anemia.Method:  This quasi-experiment with the pre-posttest without control groups design was conducted to measure the effectiveness of education using a nutrition booklet on the level of Haemoglobin and perception variable. 30 respondents were involved, and the data analysis was carried out using a Statistical test using paired t-test with a CI of 95%.Result: The relationship between Hb before and after giving the booklet was revealed with a correlation coefficient of 0.333 and a significance of 0.84 (p-value 0.05). Perceptions before and after understanding the booklet obtained p-value = 0.000 0.05. Management before and after giving the booklet obtained p-value = 0.005 0.05. The interviews found that after receiving information, mothers' perceptions improved regarding understanding anemia, recognizing signs and symptoms, preventing anemia, consuming protein, consuming drinks, and good nutrition for anemia management. After giving anemia management communication through booklets, there was an increase in the mother's participation in consuming snacks, drinking after mealtime, and improving personal and environmental hygiene.Conclusion: Education through booklets affected maternal perceptions and management actions in preventing anemia but did not affect hemoglobin (Hb). It could also increase mothers' perception and participation in consuming snacks, drinking after mealtimes, and personal and environmental hygiene. Furthermore, nurses could use booklets as a medium of counseling.


For surgical practice, chemical methods of investigation are beginning to have a field of usefulness comparable with the one they occupy in clinical medicine. In gathering data to indicate the character of the operative risk, it has been customary for a long time to employ urinalysis, blood counts, hemoglobin determinations and estimations of the arterial tension. At present it seems advisable frequently to add to these precautionary measures the determination of what has been called the "alkali reserve," for postoperative nausea and vomiting, menacing convalescence, may depend on an acidosis for which the anesthetic is responsible. The underlying facts regarding the regulation of the equilibrium between the acids and bases of the animal body were contributed by the research of the Haldane school of physiologists, by Hasselbach, Lawrence Henderson and later by others. Under normal circumstances the acid-base equilibrium is remarkably stable; Haldane found that in healthy individuals the balance


Magnetorheological (MR) damper is the more promising semi active devices for vibration control of structures. External energy required by the adjustable fluid damper is minuscule while speed of its response is on the order of milliseconds. Based on the excellent performance, using the MR damper as the lag damper of rotor can adaptively control the helicopter ground resonance. Due to no linear pro perties of the MR damper, the equivalently linearized damping coefficient is calculated by using the energy method. Through setting an analytical model with couple of rotor and fuselage of helicopter, the stability area of the helicopter ground resonance is obtained. The calculated areas show that the MR lag damper can supply the required damping to control the ground resonance at the different rotating speeds.


Any state of the box–ball system (BBS) together with its time evolution is described by the N-soliton solution (with appropriate choice of N) of the ultradiscrete KdV equation. It is shown that simultaneous elimination of all '10'-walls in a state of the BBS corresponds exactly to reducing the parameters that determine 'the size of a soliton' by one. This observation leads to an expression for the solution to the initial-value problem (IVP) for the BBS. Expressions for the solution to the IVP for the ultradiscrete Toda molecule equation and the periodic BBS are also presented.


This research work explored physical and mechanical properties of impregnated sawdust boards from three softwood species (P, densifora, L. kaemferi, and P. koraiensis) with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin by various vacuum treatment methods of combining pressure, vacuum, and ultrasonic waves. Simultaneous vacuum and ultrasonic wave treatments with no pressure resulted in the greatest increase in resin content, density, dimensional changes (thickness and length), bending strength, and hardness of impregnated board. This result seemed to be attributed to the ultrasonic wave treatment


(57) a method of displaying Abstract: The music data in three-dimensional environment includes a step along the free space path on the screen of the display, and displays the music data. Graphical symbol corresponding to the music data can be displayed on a graphical surface which is located adjusted to the spatial path. In some embodiments, the graphical surfaces form a tunnel. Through the tunnel, the time axis associated with the musical data is running. By operating the music data, may provide a representation of the motion along said time axis associated with the musical data to the viewer. In some embodiments, the viewer is represented by the virtual camera of the three-dimensional environment. The virtual camera by "move" may provide a depiction of the motion. Also described the corresponding device.


Graphite is found to catalyze acylative cleavage of ethers such as benzylic, allylic, tert-butylic and cyclic ethers with acyl halides to give the corresponding esters in good to excellent yields. Benzylic ether was cleaved chemoselectively, when a variety of other functional groups was present, to produce the corresponding ester along with benzyl halide.


We carried out a quality improvement (QI) project (QIP), aiming to improve the quality, safety and equity of healthcare provided for homeless patients attending the emergency department (ED). We used QI methodology to identify areas for improvement, and introduced and modified interventions over four Plan, Do, Study, Act cycles. We launched a departmental 'Homeless Health Initiative' (HHI), the chief intervention being the provision of 'Homeless Health Boxes' in the ED, which contained a 'Safe Discharge Checklist for Homeless Patients', maps to specialist homeless general practitioner surgeries and homeless day centres, information on other inclusion health services, copies of a local rough sleepers' magazine and oral hygiene supplies. Voluntary Homeless Link Nurses and a number of informal 'Homeless Health Champions' were appointed. The HHI was embedded in departmental awareness through regular presentations to staff and incorporation into the induction programme for new doctors. Staff satisfaction, in terms of how satisfied staff members were with the care they were able to provide for homeless patients in the ED on a 0–10 scale, improved modestly over the course of the QIP from median 6/10 to median 7/10. The number of staff who were severely dissatisfied with the care they were able to provide for homeless patients improved more markedly: first quartile staff satisfaction improved from 3.875/10 to 6.125/10. Staff compliance with the checklist was poor, with full compliance observed in only 15% of cases by the end of the QIP. An HHI is a cheap and worthwhile QI project, with the potential to significantly improve the quality, safety and equity of healthcare provided for homeless patients, while improving staff satisfaction concurrently. Similar initiatives should be considered in any ED which sees a significant number of homeless patients.


The present invention provides a projection display device, a portable terminal device and a portable camera. An illuminance sensor (40) which detects the illuminance based on the brightness of a surrounding environment is configured in a projector. The illuminance which is detected by the illuminance sensor (40) is obtained through a control part (701). The control part (701) controls an illuminance indicating section (50) according to the obtained illuminance. The illuminance indicating section (50) comprises an LED and causes the state of the LED to change according to the illuminance detected by the illuminance sensor (40). Therefore, whether the brightness of a surrounding environment is suitable for projection display can be easily mastered.


Objective: To observe the clinical effect of a-Xixin brain injection treatment of acute episode bronchial asthma in children.Methods: 88 patients were divided randomly into two groups,46 in observation group while 42 in control group.Two groups were performed with removal etiological factors control episode avoiding contact allergen and removing infection.And spasmolysis eliminate sputum and conquer asthma were performed to patients.Different route of administration were given according to patient status,keep air tube smooth and correction of balance in water electrolyte and acid-base were performed,0.5mg/(kg·d)a-Xixin brain injection were intravenous drop additionally pre day which 7 days were one course of treatment in observation group.Results: total effective rate of observation group was surpass than control groups significantly(P0.05).the treatment time of asthma anhelation cough wheezing rale vanish in observation group were shorter than in control group which was highly significant different(P0.01) hospital days and level of COX-2 IL-8 and IgE observation group in were shorter compassed with control group which show significant different(P0.05).Conclusion: the clinical effect of combination a-Xixin brain injection with western medicine is satisfactory and worth extending in clinical.


Spaces of ideals of partial functions.- Remarks on partition ordinals.- Applications of superperfect forcing and its relatives.- Towards a structure theory for ideals on P??.- Compact spaces of countable tightness in the Cohen model.- Two remarks about analytic sets.- Saturated ideals obtained via restricted iterated collapse of huge cardinals.- Ultrafilters and ramsey theory - An update.- Concerning stationary subsets of [?]<?.- When hereditarily collectionwise Hausdorffness implies regularity.- Classes of compact sequential spaces.- Special non-special N1-trees.- Consistency of positive partition theorems for graphs and models.- Topological problems for set-theorists.- A beginning for structural properties of ideals on P??.


English language attainment and literacy acquisition are of significant importance to achieving academic success and college and career readiness in the United States. The rise in evidence-based standards requires concerted efforts by educators to meet the literacy needs of English language learners (ELLs). When collaborating with ELL teachers, school counselors are in a unique position to build literacy skills among ELL students, while simultaneously focusing on life skill development. This article provides specific suggestions for promoting literacy and social-emotional learning that school counselors can employ by collaborating with teachers and parents and through direct services with ELL students.


The articles in this issue address the complex and changing relationships between Iran and Russia. We are grateful to the authors for their contributions and to Dr. Homa Katouzian for giving us an opportunity to publish this collection. The relationship with its northern neighbor constitutes a significant factor in Iranian history. Contacts between Iran and Russia, at least in the area of trade, date from the ninth century. The Mongol invasions in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries interrupted the trade, which began to revive by the mid-fifteenth century. The reconstitution of Iran as a distinct imperial order in 1501 and continuing under the Safavid dynasty occurred in the wake of a troubled century of turmoil and war. The modern history of Russia started with the rule of Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) who had inherited the Muscovy kingdom. A mere two decades after Ivan ended Mongol domination over Muscovy in 1480, Shah Ismail I captured Tabriz in 1501 and spent the next ten years expanding his territory into the rest of the Iranian plateau. As a consequence of these developments, Iran and Russia were destined to become neighbors and to get to know one another. The two would spend the next centuries sharing interests, trading, and fighting and fearing common enemies. They would also compete and struggle against each other for domination of the region. During the time of Peter the Great (r. 1672–1725), Russia started to pursue an aggressive policy toward Iran which peaked in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By then, Russia was dominating the northeastern part of Iran and was gradually depriving Iran of its Caucasian and Central Asian territories. While Russia looked down at the "Orient" where it was pursuing ambitious imperial interests and posing as a Western European empire, Iranians for their part upheld rather unflattering views about their northern semi-Asian neighbor. Interestingly, the most dramatic changes in Iran and Russia in the twentieth century also had some chronologic symmetry. In 1905, revolutions broke out in Iran and Russia with goals of reforming the government, creating constitution and parliament—they both failed. The Russian Empire collapsed in 1917 and the Soviet era altered almost every facet of old Russia, including its policy towards Iran. The Soviets withdrew from Iran, cancelling all loans and concessions, but never lost their interest in the area. Their influence through Marxist and social democratic movements, particularly in the north of Iran, culminated with the creation of the Tudeh Party in 1941. Less Iranian Studies, 2013 Vol. 46, No. 3, 329–331, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2012.758514


In various theoretical research and engineering, the long memory processes are widely found and studied in many applications. Maximum likelihood estimation is usually used to capture the relevant parameters, but it can't be utilized broadly because of the huge burden of computability. In this paper, we firstly use discrete wavelet transform to analyze stochastic processes of time series scale-by-scale, then study the variance and statistical properties of the series over a range of different scales. Subsequently, apply least squares estimation to parameter estimation according to the property that log variance is approximately simple linear equation of log scale, finally a new method named multiscale least squares estimation is put forward. The new algorithm can effectively decrease computation complexity and obtain satisfying estimation precision. This advantage is validated by the data analysis and computer simulation


New entries of particular interest in this book include: F-51, the International Labor Organization 1980 international class of radiographs of the pneumoconioses; F-102, breast calcifications; G-13A, portal hypertension; and a whole new section (H-75 to H-84) for pelvic sonography. Since the first edition was published 12 years ago, old diseases have been reclassified and renamed, and new imaging modalities have given a new way to look at these diseases. This shift in diagnostic imaging is reflected throughout the book.


Sound Levels: propagation of sound, measurement of sound, noise scales and noise indices, subjective noise parameters, room acoustics, acoustic rooms, principles of vibration. Annoyance and Community Response: health and safety [hearing damage], speech communication, hearing conservation in industry, hearing protection devices. Vibration: effect on people. Noise Measuring Techniques: sound level meters, frequency analysis, spectrum analysis, recording and signal processor and data loggers, environmental noise monitoring, audiometry. Vibration Measurement: cavitation transducers, dynamic analysis of vibration, modal analysis, vibration testing, machinery health monitoring. Machines: bearings, internal combustion engines, construction site equipment, air distribution systems, fan noise, factory noise, road traffic noise, aircraft and airport noise, noise in commercial and domestic buildings, auditoria, noise in ships. Sound Insulation and Absorption: acoustic materials, acoustic enclosures, sound barriers, acoustic treatment of floors and ceilings, acoustic doors, fan and air duct silencers, industrial silencers, silencing gas turbine. Machine Balance: vibration isolation, anti-vibration mounts, damping techniques, resilient mounting of structures. Legislation Buyers Guide Editorial. Index.


Abstract Context Lymphopenia is a key feature of immune dysfunction in patients with bacterial sepsis and COVID-19 and associated with poor clinical outcomes, but the cause is largely unknown. Severely ill patients may present with thyroid function abnormalities, so-called non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), and several studies have linked TSH and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) to homeostatic regulation and function of lymphocyte populations. Purpose To test the hypothesis that abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections. Methods Retrospective analysis of absolute lymphocyte counts, circulating TSH, T4, free T4 (FT4), T3, albumin and inflammatory biomarkers was performed in two independent hospitalized study populations: bacterial sepsis (n=224) and COVID-19 patients (n=161). A subgroup analysis was performed in patients with severe lymphopenia and normal lymphocyte counts. Results Only T3 significantly correlated (rho=0.252) with lymphocyte counts in patients with bacterial sepsis and lower concentrations were found in severe lymphopenic compared to non-lympopenic patients (n=56 per group). Severe lymphopenic COVID-19 patients (n=17) showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of TSH, T4, FT4 and T3 compared to patients without lymphopenia (n=18), and demonstrated significantly increased values of the inflammatory markers interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and ferritin. Remarkably, after one week follow-up, the majority (12/15) of COVID-19 patients showed quantitative recovery of their lymphocyte numbers, while TSH and thyroid hormones remained mainly disturbed. Conclusion Abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections, like bacterial sepsis and COVID-19, but future studies need to establish whether a causal relationship is involved.


This research was aimed to assess whether a newly developed professional development (PD) program enhances STEM-based teaching practices among pre-service home economics teachers. The activities in this PD program were divided into three parts: knowledge about STEM education, lesson plan development, and implementation of STEM-based lessons. Using three pre-service home economics teachers as case studies, data were collected throughout the PD program from group discussions, observations, interviews, and review of documentation. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings demonstrated that the pre-service teachers gained more confidence with integrating STEM education into their lesson plans as a result of the PD program. In addition, they were able to link content about home economics to other disciplines. This integration provided more opportunities for students to test their own ideas, ask questions, and apply 21st century skills. STEM knowledge, school context, students' learning style, and time constraints were identified as the main factors that impacted their teaching practices. Results from this study provides insight on how to better prepare teachers outside of the STEM disciplines with integrating STEM content into their teaching practices and provides a framework for future research.