The changes of political and economic system in the late 80's in Macedonia and early 90's in Albania required a broader reform of the entire legal system by creating a functioning market based in the rules of free market and competition and the privatization of state enterprises. Roggemman (Roggemann 1993) describes the transformation as a transformation from state institutions in Albania - or selfmanaged enterprises in Macedonia, into western commercial companies such as JSC or limited partnership. In this sense the concession-process was one of the main pillars of the privatization process in Albania and Macedonia that built the foundation of free market economy. For more than 40 years, the Albanian and Macedonian citizens were faced with the communist ideology as the basis of state government regulation. This ideology stated that all citizens had contributed the same way and in the same extent during socialism for the construction of state and social property. In this context, the concession - process was accompanied by the deficiency of accurate economic statistics, concession strategies, foreign investors, a bad policy implementation as well as delays in the framework of immedialy needed reforms (Aslund 2013). The main objective of this article is to analyze the concession - process in Albania and Macedonia in comparative law, keeping in mind their EU-integration. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n3p467


3. Ou KY, Chen YC, Hsu SC, Tsai EM. Hysteroscopic management of lower genital tract lesions in females with limited vaginal access. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(1):293. e911. 4. Marsh F, Duffy S. The technique and overview of flexible hysteroscopy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2004;31(3):655668. SUPPORTING INFORMATION Additional supporting information can be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of this article. F I G U R E 4 Patient flow diagram.


Methanolic and aqueous extracts of plants Withania somnifera and Aloe Vera were tested for antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus cereus, E.coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoneae. Well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity. The results exhibited that the extracts of Withania somnifera and Aloe Vera were showed excellent antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms. Methonalic extracts of both the plants showed good antibacterial activity when compared to aqueous extracts. Gram positive bacteria found to be more sensitive than the gram negative bacteria. Phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of various types of bioactive components such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides, which might be responsible for exhibiting antibacterial activity.


Contents: Introduction: a basic topography of the ethical domain Ethics and personhood The Eudaimon principle Logos The method of critical introspection Personhood and community Our political nature Selected bibliography, Index.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to derive rigorously some results following from conditional characteristic functions and anticipate that they will prove to be of significant applicability. Specifically, Khintchine weak law of large numbers, Lévy central limit theorem, inversion theorem, uniqueness theorem, characterization of identical distribution, and characterization of independence are all generalized to conditional setup.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate scatter radiation levels resulting from intra-oral dental exams and determine shielding requirements for dental x-ray rooms using intra-oral x-ray systems.


A Joke On his first day of prison, a man joins a group of long-term prisoners talking in the mess. One of them says, 'tell us a joke, somebody'. There is silence for a second, and then another prisoner says, '17!'. All of the long-term prisoners instantly burst out laughing. The new prisoner is confused by this, but pretends to laugh anyway. Suddenly, another prisoner calls out '29!'. This is greeted by floods of laughter. The new prisoner turns to a short man in spectacles standing next to him and, discretely, asks why everyone is laughing at mere numbers. 'Well', is the reply, 'we've all been here so long that we have given numbers to all the jokes we know. Now we only have to call out the number.' 'Oh', says the new prisoner. When the laughter has quieted a little, he blurts out '21!' picking a number at random. The whole cafeteria is dead silent, not even a chuckle. The short man in spectacles turns to him woefully and says, 'Sorry, mate, but it's how you tell them'. The 'how you tell them' signals the irreducibly temporal aspect of joke-telling or, more generally, of any affective speech. A comedian has 'good timing', or is not a comedian. The joke never coincides with the punch line, or with a summary of whatever logical twists it 'consists' of, and certainly not with a numerical marker. Analogous, then, to Levinas's famous distinction between the saying and the said is, perhaps, telling and told. This is still more the case in that most obviously temporal of discourses, narrative. (And of course many jokes, like the one above, are miniature narratives.) I wish to investigate the experience of narrative with respect to the specific question of its relation to some form or other of understanding. My thesis is that such experience necessarily (although most often obscurely) reveals an openness which is genuinely transcendent with respect to understanding. The various sections of this paper will break down into three parts: first, a critical discussion of the phenomenon of narration as a type of understand-ing; the second part, relating the problem of narration to the ethical idea of 'virtue', including a discussion of the revealing notion of 'surprise'; finally, a corresponding reading of Shakespeare's King Lear. Narrative as understanding At minimum, a narrative is a sequence of events which forms a 'figure', or at least an abstract pattern. This figure has at least three varieties. First, the narrative as a whole can provide a concept of a type or genre of character or adventure. The story can be a detective story, a bitter-sweet romance, a tragedy, a bawdy comedy, and so on, and the character can be a heroine, a rogue, a tempter, a sacrifice-maker, and so on. In such cases, the type of figure dominates the narrative. In the second variety, the narrative figure (again, as a whole) has no sense on its own, but refers to something beyond itself which is its proper meaning: the moral of the fable, the real in realism. This meaning, however, is transportable. The moral fable, or the realistic fiction, does not need this particular narrative to explicate its ultimate referents. For these two, as each event is narrated, a fuller and fuller picture of, say, a character and of that character's world is revealed. The more details we have, the more we can anticipate with confidence what will happen next. The narrative thus functions as a device for understanding, for describing the unity of a multiplicity. In the third variety, the narrative provides a unity to events simply by their being a part of that narrative. This happens even if (perhaps especially if) it breaks down genres and character patterns in some new way, or contains deep thematic or moral ambiguities. Such a narrative simply brings things together as things which ipso facto belong together. The figure itself, and such as it is, dominates, and for the first time is unique, rather than being one of many possible instances of a type, or one of many possible vehicles of a meaning. …


Isis-Womens International Cross Cultural Exhange has carried out in-depth studies on women in armed conflict and documented case studies of womens rights violations in their countries. The findings reveal high prevalence of sexual and gender based violence (gang rape forced marriage sexual slavery mutilation of vaginas etc) and other forms of human rights violations across borders ethnicities race etc. The physical and psychological consequences of rape and sexual violence continue long after the conflict has ended. Physical consequences include sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDs vesico-vaginal fistula. mutilation complications from botched abortions uterine problems scarring of the vagina and destroying normal sexual life of women like giving birth in the future. Survivors also suffer a wide ray of psychological trauma. Many women as a result get physical and psychological afflictions which are worsened by their failure to seek or manage appropriate medical care. These complications further present serious implications for women in relation to the prevention and management of HIV/AIDS. Many women still give testimonies that tell of serious tribulations that led and exposed them to the disease that for decades has left them dismembered and largely traumatised and stigmatised. (excerpt)


In this article it is argued that Aristotle borrowed his rhetorical concept of topos from Greek geometry. Passages in Proclus' Commentary on the First Book of Euclid show that topos as the term for 'geometrical locus' was used as early as in the fourth century by Greek geometers in or associated with the Academy. It is further argued that the adjective ăτoπoς had its origin in Greek science, in the technical sense 'contrary to ăτoπoς', i.e. 'impossible', 'illogical'.


It is known that actin play the essential role in the regulation of the structure and function in cellular and cell nuclei systems. DNA and actin filaments are the two major components of cell nuclei. We developed an artificial cell nuclei model with T4 DNA and F-actin in phospholipid-coated micro-meter scale closed spheres (MPDs). In a MPD, the mixture of T4 DNA and F-actin was found to phase-separate into F-actin phase (P1) and T4 DNA rich phase (P2), where the manner of the segregation is dependent on the total volume fraction of F-actin and T4 DNA. In addition, we found that, in a MPD, T4 DNA forms bundles in a crowded micro-space with F-actin even in the absence of multivalent cations.


Currently the automobiles of the world are largely driven by fossil gasoline. Facing depleting of crude oil reserves and air pollution problems, ethanol has been widely studied as a substitute for gasoline. Ethanol is a renewable fuel as it can be produced from biomass. The gasoline blended with ethanol is particularly promising since it is more readily incorporated into the existing fuel combustion system. This paper studies the engine performance using various ethanol−gasoline blends containing 0 to 20% ethanol. The engine under studied is a single cylinder, four strokes, and portable non−road engine. The engine performance is evaluated by two criteria, which are exhaust emission and fuel consumption. It is concluded that both CO and HC emission from exhaust gas show a reduction trend as the ethanol content increases. This is also true for the amount of fuel consumed.


One of the present important development issues was reproduction health.
The reproduction health began at adolescence and adolescents became primary
concern. Additionally, labile condition, less understanding of the right
reproduction health and the taboo of sex caused reproduction deviations such as
premarital sex, abortion and HIV/AIDS. However, there were many refproduction
information that were easily accessed by adolescents and parents could not play
maximal role in the reproduction health education because they were lack of the
knowledge of the reproduction health in addition to the existing social construct
that considered sexuality as taboo. Peer educator approach in the adolescent
reproduction health education was chosen because peers played an important role
in transfering the information of the reproduction health. The effectiveness of the
peer education approach in the program PIK-KRR became the entry point in the
adolescent reproduction health education.
The study used qualitative method and was conduced in �Demarko� Senior
High School. The informants were selected using purposive sampling except
those in selected using snowball sampling. The data was collected using
participant observation and in-depth interview for descriptive analysis.
The adolescent reproduction health education wass conducted through Pusat
Information dan Konseling Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja (PIK-KRR) program
and the peer educator as the primary actor. The PIK-KRR of �Demarko� Senior
High School is referred to as �Subur�. Though it was controversial at the
beginning, the PIK-KRR �Subur� obtains the predicate �Tegar� representing the
highest level in the management of the PIK-KRR. However, in the first year the
management of the PIK-KRR managed to organize all of the programmed
activities and won First Champion of PIK-KRR at provincial level.
In the next operation, it was proven that the performance of the peer
edcuators in the PIK-KRR �Subur� decreased because the communication went
unidirectionally, is of low intensity, gains less support and appreciation of the
school and the low motivation of advocating teachers. Some actors in the
implementation of the PIK-KRR in �Demarko� Senior High School pursued their
own interests. The articulation of the actors blured the objective of the
reproduction health education that the program did not go effectively.


A ball screw for the support structure is secured to the base and two pivot seat, and two pivot a screw disposed between the sheets, and at least one guide rail which is fixed on a base, the base being mounted on a base of claim 1 a first guide block and is fixed on a base a sleeve coupled to the second guide block, the support sheet and, the screw being slidably mounted on the guide rail located below the screw that provides two inclined surfaces that are inclined to provide and a drive assembly which is fixed in the nut unit is disposed slidably on the guide rail, a nut unit. The support structure for ball screw structure was simple and the maintenance low cost, long life.


A hybrid, rohu-catla, was produced by crossing male rohu with female catla. The embryonic and larval developments of this hybrid, when compared with those of rohu and catla, showed that the development of the hybrid is normal, without any deformities, and is more or less similar to that of the parental species. The period of incubation in the hybrid was 15 h 42 min., as against 16 h 40 min. in catla and 15 h 30 min. in rohu. The hybrid exhibited intermediate characters in respect of the position of mouth and the nature of lips. The caudal spot in the hybrid was triangular as in catla, but more prominent. The alimentary canal in two-day-old larvae of the hybrid was filled with algae and cladocerans, indicating that feeding had commenced on the second day itself, with yolksac still present.


Significance The symptoms of neurological diseases such as autism and schizophrenia are often attributed to a loss of excitatory/inhibitory balance of neural network function. By showing that ATR and ATM impact inhibitory and excitatory vesicle trafficking differently, our work expands the known repertoire of cytoplasmic functions for the two kinases and provides a new perspective on the origins of the symptoms of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and Seckel syndrome (ATM and ATR deficiency, respectively). While these findings have their most immediate implications for the neurologic and cognitive symptoms of A-T and Seckel syndrome, they have potential relevance to a much broader range of neurologic conditions. ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) are large PI3 kinases whose human mutations result in complex syndromes that include a compromised DNA damage response (DDR) and prominent nervous system phenotypes. Both proteins are nuclear-localized in keeping with their DDR functions, yet both are also found in cytoplasm, including on neuronal synaptic vesicles. In ATM- or ATR-deficient neurons, spontaneous vesicle release is reduced, but a drop in ATM or ATR level also slows FM4-64 dye uptake. In keeping with this, both proteins bind to AP-2 complex components as well as to clathrin, suggesting roles in endocytosis and vesicle recycling. The two proteins play complementary roles in the DDR; ATM is engaged in the repair of double-strand breaks, while ATR deals mainly with single-strand damage. Unexpectedly, this complementarity extends to these proteins' synaptic function as well. Superresolution microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation reveal that ATM associates exclusively with excitatory (VGLUT1+) vesicles, while ATR associates only with inhibitory (VGAT+) vesicles. The levels of ATM and ATR respond to each other; when ATM is deficient, ATR levels rise, and vice versa. Finally, blocking NMDA, but not GABA, receptors causes ATM levels to rise while ATR levels respond to GABA, but not NMDA, receptor blockade. Taken together, our data suggest that ATM and ATR are part of the cellular "infrastructure" that maintains the excitatory/inhibitory balance of the nervous system. This idea has important implications for the human diseases resulting from their genetic deficiency.


1. Basic operational principles of QVD detectors. 2. Goals: high energy resolution, megapixel arrays, fast operation, high QE. 3. Experimental achievements. 4. Research areas under development. 5. Conclusions: no showstopper. 1. Basic operational principles of QVD detectors The objective of this development was to find an appropriate effect in solid state physics capable of transforming directly the energy deposited in a detector by a photon, into a voltage pulse (the QV stage). Suppose this transformation is done, then superconducting electronics should be applied to digitize, store and read out the pulse signals (the VD stage) without reducing the energy resolution. Thermoelectric heat to voltage conversion was chosen for the QV stage (Fig.1, a). This led to a sensor design with no bias required, featuring a single lead per pixel, with fast read-out (Fig.1, b).


With the uninterrupted growth of reformation and opening,the high-tech enterprises are emerging rapidly and their commodity value becomes more important for us to study.Therefore,it has an importance to research how the commodity value is decided and what resource it springs from.It is also very important to arouse the enthusiasm of the scientific and technical researchers and develop high-tech enterprises.


General principles of the law of contract: formation, conditions of substantive validity, the contents of a contract, privity of contract, the termination of the contract, remedies. Specific contracts: agency, bailment, gaming and wagering, sale of goods, building contracts, hire of work & skills, lease, commercial and agricultural lease, compromise settlement, suretyship, pledge, loans, contracts with the government and other public administrations, contract of partnership. Quasi-contracts.


This study aims to show the influences of the sensor installation interface in the industrial environment. This contribution is focused on analyzing the response behavior of piezoelectric transducers subjected to successive installations, using digital signal processing and non-destructive structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques. Tests were performed to simulate the installation conditions of a piezoelectric sensor, which was coupled to a holder carrying a steel body and submitted to successive reinstallations. Different signals were obtained for each installation, and the results can bring initial elucidations on the subject and pave the way for future studies.


Mineral processing and metallurgical tests of low grade zinc oxide ore are taken in this paper.For the low grade and low oxidation ratio of the ore,"ammonia leaching—slag mineral processing" process is put forward,which can enhance zinc recovery ratio and simplify the process.


Dishwashing detergent is the composite system of primary surfactants,secondary surfactants and auxiliary compositions according to a certain formulation.With the development of surfactant industry,new request are put forward for the functionality,economy,human security and environmental security of the products.New changes have been brought to the formulation of dishwashing detergent.This paper introduces the research progress of dishwashing detergent formulation briefly with 22 refs.


Ground-based fixed receiver bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a technology increasingly used in urban monitoring, complementing and enriching the traditional monostatic SAR, but the acquisition geometry is more complex than in the monostatic case. Hence, in the design and configuration of real bistatic SAR systems simulations are needed. In this regard we have presented in [1] a simulator for this geometry that could be used as a way to explore the possibilities given by this configuration. One of the many SAR applications that could be transposed to the bistatic case is displacement measurement. It can be used in urban and non-urban environments, as a way of monitoring the change in the position of some objects of interest, like dams and buildings, using the interferometric phase obtained from two or more SAR acquisitions. This paper aims to investigate by simulation displacement measurements in ground-based fixed receiver bistatic geometry.


Generation of high-quality 3D seismic data and easy access to this data across the deepwater environments together with the prior interest of oil companies in the deep-water exploration has attracted geoscientists to the thorough understanding of the deep-water depositional systems over the past few years. In this thesis work, 3D seismic data with several interpretation techniques gave the opportunity to demonstrate seismic expression of deep-water fan with an example from the Triassic in the southwestern Barents Sea. In order to perform a flawless analysis, it is significant to understand the internal architecture and development phases of the fan system by seismic expression of each depositional element in planand cross-sectional views. The combination of flattening method with RMS seismic attribute is applied to demonstrate the evidences of fluvial and deep-water depositional systems in the upper (Snadd) and the lower (Havert) part of the Triassic formations. The advanced methods such as model and geobody extractions are performed to confirm the internal architecture of deep-water fan which is accurately presented in the image extracted by flattening rather than regular interpretation methods. Integration of planand cross-sections provides a better understanding of geomorphologic analysis which leads to categorize depositional elements such as main feeder channel, crevasse splay and channels, distributary channels and channelized lobe complex deposited within a low shelf to basin floor setting. These elements are generated through the development of fan system from initiation and growth phases to retreat phase. There exist similarities and differences in the architecture of fluvial and deep-water channels; the similarities are in shape, stream width and sinuosity ratio while the stream lengths are different for both channel systems. These comparisons also show that the seismic expression of deep-water system is clearly visible in the data rather than the fluvial counterparts.


Objective
To investigate the association between expression levels of peripheral blood miR-200c-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p and occurrence of ischemic stroke (IS), and to explore if these miRNAs can be biomarkers for IS.

Methods
Forty-five newly-diagnosed IS patients enrolled in our hospital from July to November 2013 and 45 age-and gender-matched controls from physical examination in the community health center were chosen in our study; the expression levels of whole blood miR-200c-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p were detected by realtime quantitative-PCR. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the associations between miRNA expression levels and occurrence of IS. The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) analysis was conducted to assess the performance of miRNAs as biomarker for IS.

Results
As compared with those in the controls, the expression levels of miR-200c-3p and miR-15b-5p in IS patients were significantly higher, while miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p expression levels in IS patients were significantly lower (P<0.05). The expression levels of miR-200c-3p, miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p were significantly associated with the occurrence of IS (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 6.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-27.20 and P=0.014; OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.43 and P=0.002; OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.30 and P=0.001, respectively). Results of the ROC analysis showed that addition of one miRNA or miRNA panels to traditional risk factors led to significant improvement in the area under the curve(P<0.05).

Conclusion
The expression levels of miR-200c-3p, miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p are significantly associated with the occurrence of IS, and have potential as biomarkers for IS.

Key words:
Ischemic stroke; MicroRNA; Biomarker


The evolvement of the theory concept of modern marketing has undergone three main periods. In course of this evolvement it is that the enterprises in marketing lose power to the trade control more and more, which embodies a concentrated reflection of six relevant markets of enterprise and the customer, enterprise and staff, enterprise and supplier , enterprise and intermediate trader , enterprise and society, enterprise and competitor.


Surface acoustic waves (SAW) have the interesting property that they specifically interact with surface and sub‐surface regions, rendering them suitable for non‐contact investigation of sub‐surface properties and heterogeneities. Transmission, reflection and diffraction effects of SAW propagation are analysed in order to reveal information on the region over which they propagate. Laser excitation allows to efficiently excite SAW with short wavelengths, enhancing both the lateral and the depth resolution. Typically information on the waves is collected by scanning a part of the surface of interest with a fast laser probe, using the surface displacement or slope as a real time witness of the wave field. Here we present results obtained by a full field imaging technique [1], in which the sample is repetitively excited by a pulsed pump laser, and the wave displacement field is stroboscopically gathered by illuminating the sample surface with an electronically delayed pulsed probe laser, whose displacement ind...


This paper seeks whether a J-Curve exists on the impact of changes in the Chinese Renminbi (RMB) exchange rates on bilateral exports of Indonesia to the United States (US), particularly in the long run. The Johansen cointegration procedures and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) regression are applied. The cointegration test shows that there are long-term relationships amongst real GDP of US, Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), real exchange rates and volatility, and Chinese RMB real exchange rates. The result shows that the RMB exchange rate has a negative significant impact (substitution relationship) on Indonesian export to the US. The result also suggests a dissatisfaction of the Marshall-Lerner condition indicating the J-curve phenomenon does not exist.


Objective To assess the quality of information provided by open access websites regarding aortic dissections on the World Wide Web.

 The first 50 results from Yahoo, Bing and Google were collected using the search term 'aortic dissection' and duplicates removed. Website quality was scored using the University of Michigan Consumer Health Website tool (maximum score 80). Website readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease score (maximum score 100) and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) score (years of education needed). Subjective assessment was undertaken to assess the quality of website content.

 39 of 75 websites were included for analysis after applying the exclusion criteria. 94.9% of websites did not specify the type of aortic dissection discussed. Most websites were weak, with an average Michigan score of 48.89 (SD ±8.09). Sources published by non-profit organizations were of the lowest quality (mean score = 44.69 SD ± 5.85). Most websites were rated as 'fairly difficult' to read, with an overall mean FRE score of 58.92 (SD ± 28.03). Websites aimed at medical trainees had lowest readability (mean = 38.87, SD ±15.36). Websites published by non-profit organisations required the least years of education to read, with mean SMOG score of 10.93 (SD ±3.12).

 Current online websites providing education to the public and professionals regarding aortic dissections are difficult to read, with a poor consistency and reliability between publishing organizations. Efforts must be made to produce high-quality, standardised information, to facilitate patient awareness and decision-making autonomy.


High-abundance, water-soluble root proteins are hypothesized to be potential storage forms of reduced N assimilate in perennial weeds. Rabbit antiserum raised against an electrophoretically purified 29 kDa root protein of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) was used to follow seasonal protein accumulation patterns as well as responses to photoperiod and decapitation. Accumulation of the protein in roots of field-grown plants began during late spring months, with maximal accumulation observed during fall and winter months. Protein accumulation patterns over an 8-week period were similar in root extracts from controlled-environment long- and short-day-grown plants at 30°C. Decapitation of the shoot resulted in an immediate decline of the 29 kDa protein in the roots, followed by a gradual increase as shoots expanded from root buds over a 4-week period. These accumulation patterns suggest that dormant leafy spurge root buds may exploit the degradation of stored N root reserves in the form of soluble storage proteins for amino acids to fuel expansion and growth when the buds are released from apical dominance and the root undergoes a transition from sink to source. Processes controlling the accumulation or remobilization of such perennial root storage proteins thus provide potential targets for chemical or biological weed control agents.


This work is devoted to the investigation of combustion of simple and complex gaseous fuels: methane and hydrogen with admixtures of the most promising alcohols: ethanol and butanol. The process of ignition of investigated blends behind reflected shock waves in the temperature range of 1000–1600 K and pressure range of 4.5–6 bar was studied. The temperature dependences of ignition delay times for stoichiometric methane–oxygen–ethanol (or butanol) and hydrogen–oxygen–ethanol (or butanol) mixtures diluted in argon were obtained. The possible kinetic description is discussed.


The results of study of body functional status of members of Navy ship crews during sea campaigns and in the process of military professional adaptation have been analyzed. Psycho-physiological specificity of professional activity and regularity in changes of psycho-physiological parameters of military seamen have been estimated. Organization-staff and assessment-corrective measures of effectiveness improvement of psycho-physiological support of Navy ship crews" professional activity have been worked out


minimization, naturalization, and cultural racism, explain race as a phenomenon to be done, over, and should be in favor color-neutral way Abstract liberalism involves using ideas from political liberalism to explain racial manners. By framing policies in terms of abstract liberalism, white people can appear rational and moral without thinking about practical approaches to political problems that produce racial inequality. There are attempts to appear anti-racist before, during, and after they make their point. Bonilla-Silva (2017:56) explains abstract liberalism in terms of equal opportunity over affirmative action where white individuals explain how they would rather have everyone be given the same opportunity, over black people getting "special privileges" to move throughout society. However, Bonilla-Silva uses abstract liberalism to discuss views on explicit race-based policies but does not talk about them in a non-race-based way. I present an alternative framing that puts deracialized racial policies at the forefront, including terrorist policies and social welfare reform. An example of deracialized racial policy framing through terrorist policies comes from did not vote, liked


The possibility of using waveguide photonic structures for measuring parameters of nanometer metal layers on dielectric structures has been investigated.


Abstract In this paper we give an interpretation, in terms of derived de Rham complexes, of Scholze's de Rham period sheaf and Tan and Tong's crystalline period sheaf.


the problem of power ranks high with Strindberg in his socalled naturalistic plays (written toward the end of the 188O's) is obvious to anyone familiar with these works. We need only think of the class struggle in Miss Julie or of such telltale titles as Pariah and The Stronger. Undoubtedly, his interest in the problem is intimately connected with his own marital vicissitudes of the time with his sense, in Nietzsche's terminology, of being a superior man stung by poisonous flies, of which the most venomous is the wife herself. A few quotations1 from the plays in question will illustrate his preoccupation with the problem:


Results of the preliminary studies on the cephalopods collected from the operation of Isaacs - Kidd Mid water Trawl net in jhe Deep Scattering Layers of the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent seas during the cruises 1-15 of FORV Sagar Sampada are presented in this paper. Spatial, monthly and seasonal distributions of cephalopod biomass and its abundance in the DSL have been discussed. Differences in the biomass during day and night periods are also given.


Babylon Revisited is thought to be the best written short story of F. Scott Fitzgerald. People often analyzed it from the prospective of "self-redemption" or "the fall of American Dreams" and seldom apply the theories of linguistics to it. This paper uses the Cooperative Principle advanced by H. Grice and its violations to analyze the dialogues in Babylon Revisited. By analyzing the communicative implicatures, the author finds that the violations have not affected the smoothness of the story; on the contrary, they add the tenseness of the story and help readers know more about the personalities of the characters, their experiences and the theme of the story.


The R&D programs on the nuclear reactor materials require numerous in-pile tests in HANARO. Extensive efforts have been made to establish design and manufacturing technology for the development of irradiation facilities. Material capsule and rabbit(small non-instrumented capsule) systems were developed for the irradiation test of non fissile materials in HANARO. Several irradiation capsules (8 instrumented and 2 non-instrumented capsules) and rabbits(17 rabbits) has been designed, fabricated and successfully irradiated in HANARO CT, IR, HTS or IP test holes since 1995. Capsules were designed for the irradiation of RPV (Reactor Pressure Vessel), reactor core materials, and Zr-based alloys. Most capsules were made for KAERI material research projects, but 3 capsules were made as a part of national projects for the promotion of HANARO utilization. Rabbits were used for the irradiation of semi-conductors(Si, Sapphire) and magnetic materials. 3,300 specimens from domestic 13 research institutes, 2 nuclear industry companies and 51 universities, were irradiated in HANARO for 26,000 hours using capsule and rabbit irradiation systems. Through this research, the nuclear characteristics of HANARO capsules and rabbits were also produced and piled up in our database.


Sandwiched FeNi/Cu/FeNi films were prepared by MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems ) technique on glass substrate. The giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect was investigated in the frequency range of 100KHz-40MHz. With magnetic field Hext applied along the longitudinal direction of the sample, the GMI ratio increases with Hext, reaching a positive maximum value at a certain field and then decreases to the negative GMI ratio with further increase of Hext. At a frequency of 5 MHz, the positive maximum GMI ratio is 25. 2% for Hext=800A/m, and a larger negative GMI ratio, -7. 3% is obtained for Hext, =9600A/m. In addition, with the magnetic field applied along the transverse direction, the GMI ratio is negative and a negative GMI ratio, -19. 3% is obtained at 5MHz for Hext=9600A/m.


Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is an herbaceous perennial crop usually grown as an annual for its rhizome. It is a valuable cash crop does not only serve as integral medium for food security, but also as a source of income generation, and employer of labour in the producing areas of Longleng. Lack of finance, inadequate farm inputs, storage facilities and high cost of labour are identified as the primary constraints to organic ginger production in the region. Research survey of farmers producing organic ginger was conducted in 2022 in Pongo, Yongnyah, Yonyam and Bhumnyu villages. Total of thirty (30) organic ginger producers were selected using random sampling methods from each of the four villages with a total sample size of one hundred twenty (120). The results revealed that the organic ginger production was profitable on cash cost basis (BCR 1.75). Seed have major cost share for ginger production (65.1%). The estimated coefficients of Cobb-Douglas production function showed that seed, labour and number of years for crop rotation were the significant factors for organic ginger production. The study concluded that ginger production can be made viable enterprise with increased focus on conducive environment and investment climate by subsidising farm inputs and providing affordable loans to the smallholder farmers for a sustainable production. The study pointed out that the organic ginger farming could be a highly beneficial and market-oriented activity in Longleng. It also points out the problems faced by the organic ginger farmers and finally suggests policy implication.


Atherosclerosis risk factors include hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, limited exercise and smoking. To investigate the title question, we studied 199 middle class metropolitan families (715 people of whom 48% were children). Data were gathered concerning eating patterns, exercise, smoking, and family history. Seven hours of risk factor education were offered to participants. Six months later in 99 families (403 people) we obtained complete followup data concerning whether at risk subjects availed themselves of medical services. Our results (significant at p<.05) include decreases in meat (pork, beef, and lamb), eggs, butter, ice cream and salt intake. Poultry and fish intake increased. Changes include cooking fat switched from animal to vegetable source, milk switched from whole to skim, and cheese from yellow to white varieties. There was no significant change in smokers but numbers of cigarettes decreased. Fathers became involved in regular exercise programs, but mothers did not. The only change in family history was that fathers found hypercholesterolemic relatives. Patients at risk did not avail themselves to medical services. Objective data such as serum cholesterol, blood pressures, skinfold thickness and weight all decreased significantly.We conclude that minor education endeavors can result in significant changes in living and dietary patterns in families.


This paper proposes context-aware platform that can provide services for disaster training and response. The platform can analyze context of the platform users on configuration data set by the users and measured data from cameras and sensors. The platform provides appropriate instructions for the users to perform disaster training and response. The instructions can be displayed via displays of digital signage and augmented reality technologies. The context-aware platform enables the user to learn methods of disaster response and to respond quickly to disasters. The platform has efficiency to reduce the number of victims in disasters. The platform will be an important platform for reducing magnitude of damages in disasters.


The development of three-phase asynchronous single-machine frequency converters on the basis of machines with a phase rotor in the RA series is described. New three-phase single-layer chain-type and two-layer fractional (d = 5, 7) stator windings and three-phase/multiphase combined phase-rotor windings are investigated. Electromagnetic calculations of the frequency converters are considered. The basic performance of the frequency converters with H = 160 mm is compared with that of non-Russian two-machine frequency converters.


We observed self-narrowing and reshaping of a femtosecond pulse accompanied by development of rotational Raman emissions of hydrogen. This fact implies the generation of, coherently phased spectral components based on four-wave Raman mixing.


Tropical ecosystems are under increasing pressure of land‐use changes, strongly affecting the carbon cycle. Conversion from natural to agri‐cultural ecosystems is often accompanied by a decrease in the stocks of organic and microbial carbon (Corg, Cmic) as well as changes in microbial activity and litter decomposition. Eleven ecosystems along an elevation gradient on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro were used to investigate impacts of land‐use changes on Corg and Cmic stocks as well as the specific metabolic respiration quotient (qsCO2) in surface soils. Six natural, two semi‐natural and three intensively used agricultural ecosystems were investigated on an elevation gradient from 950 to 3,880 m asl. To estimate the effects of precipitation, rainfall regimes of 3·6 and 20·0 mm were simulated. Corg stocks were controlled by water availability, temperature and net primary production. Agricultural management resulted in decreases of Corg and Cmic stocks by 38% and 76%, respectively. In addition, agricultural systems were characterized by low Cmic:Corg ratios, indicating a decline in available substrate. Enhanced land‐use intensity leads to increased qsCO2 (agricultural > semi‐natural > natural). The traditional homegardens stood out as a sustainable land‐use form with high substrate availability and microbial efficiency. Soil CO2 efflux and qsCO2 generally increased with precipitation level. We conclude that soils of Mt. Kilimanjaro's ecosystems are highly sensitive to land‐use changes and are vulnerable to changes in precipitation, especially at low elevations. Even though qsCO2 was measured under different water contents, it can be used as an indicator of ecosystem disturbances caused by land‐use and management practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is a global optimization algorithm which is motivated by the foraging behaviour of swarm of honey bee. The ABC has been successfully employed in solving many kind of complex engineering design problem. But due to the lack of imbalance between exploration and exploitation and insufficient guiding parameters ABC usually get stock into local minima. In order to address this shortcoming a proper guiding parameter which has the ability to change dynamically depending on the nature of problem needs to be introduced. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved ABC algorithm using knowledge inherent in Cultural Algorithm (CA). Two new variants of ABC were developed using situation and normative knowledge. The performance of the developed variants was evaluated using a total of twenty (20) applied mathematical optimization benchmark functions. Simulation results clearly show that, all the newly proposed CABCA variants performed much better than the ABC. General Terms Artificial Bee Colony, Cultural Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and solution search equation.


The modernization of the cadastre is such a complicated and complex process that may cause many significant results. Cadastral parcel surface areas changes and changes in land use are the most important of them. These factors have also a direct influence on the real estate tax


Drawing on data we collected in Cotonou (southern Benin) we provide evidence that highlights the importance of magico-religious expenditures within Beninese households. In the context of this study we focus on magico-religious powers used as a versatile means to cure and protect oneself or relatives against misfortunes. Far from being anecdotal, our data show that out of the 178 households in our sample 48% of their heads have declared some magico-religious expenditures in the year preceding the survey. For these household heads these expenditures represented on average 5.6% of all expenditures. Our data allow us to test several conjectures that can be found in the relevant literature as to what variables drive magico-religious expenditures. We find that the main determinants are economic success and tensions within the family.


The sustainable development is a process taking place at the same time with the complex and sustainable agricultural development; agriculture and the rural area being interdependent sides specific to rural communities. When analysing economic activity in the rural area we should pay a particular attention to the identification of such alternative activities that have a real chance for development and create new jobs that compensate the diminution of labour occupancy degree in agriculture. Opportunities of rural economy represent a source of having alternative income for the population from rural communities in order to escape from poverty and in order to accelerate the social progress in the rural area. Alternative activities with economic, social and cultural impact, providers of jobs and incomes are: the development of agro tourism and rural tourism, processing and promoting foodstuff, local traditional drinks, ecological foodstuff, handicraft and silviculture. Improving the conditions for business in the rural area is a main condition for the generation of economic activities generating jobs in the rural area.


A complete sequence (an) is a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers such that every su ciently large positive integer is representable as the sum of one or more distinct terms from (an). In this paper, we consider the more general notion of an r-complete sequence where every su ciently large positive integer is now representable as the sum of r or more distinct terms from (an). In particular, for all r we construct an example of a sequence which is r-complete but not (r + 1)complete.


Hydrocarbon adsorbing material, and potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium or strontium or active metal selected from any two or more mixtures thereof, preferably comprises cesium, a hydrocarbon trap / a catalyst composition, composition characterized in that the active metal is impregnated on the material. The composition, when the exhaust gas of an automobile internal combustion engine is in a first relatively low temperature to adsorb hydrocarbons from the exhaust gas stream to desorb the hydrocarbons when later the exhaust gas stream which becomes the second relatively high temperature , it can be used to oxidation.


IQs from the Slosson Intelligence Test for 60 Head Start children drawn from three areas of metropolitan St. Louis showed the group to be heterogeneous with respect to intelligence, although there were no significant differences associated with sex or race. Consideration of this and other characteristics is needed in planning school programs.


Summary Bramble is a prickly shrub that may facilitate the establishment of tree seedlings at sites where grazing animals are present, but its role in forest regeneration is less clear. This study took place in a beech woodland over the 5-year period immediately after a heavy thinning to leave a basal area of 6.5 m 2 ha 1 . Development of the ground fl ora and the growth and browsing of birch and willow seedlings were observed annually at the end of the summer. The ground fl ora became dominated by a dense thicket of bramble c . 60 cm tall. The tree species differed in their susceptibility to browsing with a greater percentage of willow being browsed than birch. Similarly, willow seedling mortality was greater. Over the 5-year period, the average height of birch reached c . 2 m compared with c. 0.6 m for willow. For both species, there were signifi cant positive relationships between seedling height and diameter and bramble cover and heights indicating that bramble facilitates the establishment of both willow and birch. Bramble reduced the incidence of browsing, an effect which appeared to be due to its relationship with seedling size. The potential role of bramble in the facilitation of naturally regenerating tree seedlings within woodlands is discussed.


In some applications, e.g. on an accurate radar equipment, it is desirable to convert the angular setting of a shaft to digital form with high accuracy. A master binary disc is made photographically on a dividing engine. A photographic copy of the disc is coupled directly to the shaft whose setting is to be measured and is scanned to produce a digital signal representing the shaft angle or a function thereof. A number of convertors were made with scales subdivided to give an accuracy of the order of 1? of arc. They were used under conditions of severe vibration and exposure, and amply demonstrated the principle of the high-accuracy binary disc. A follow-up servo mechanism was made and demonstrated, in which one shaft followed another by a digital link, to an accuracy of 1? of arc. The limitation of accuracy is in the production of the binary discs. The master pattern can be subdivided and the photographic emulsion has ample resolution, but further work has to be done on the avoidance of small blemishes in the photographic processes.


We introduce a generalized class of states called K-quantum nonlinear coherent states. Each K-state has K j-components corresponding to one and the same eigenvalue. Each Kj-component can be composed of K K=1-states in a correlated manner. The introduced states are shown to be realized in the long-term behavior of the vibrational motion of an ion properly trapped and laser-driven. Nonclassical properties of the states are studied in detail.


Dioxouranium(VI) complexes have been examined with Schiff bases obtained from substituted salicylaldehydes and alkyl amines. Many new complexes of the type abbreviated as UO2−(NO3)2(X-SAL·R·H)2 have been prepared as orange-red crystals. The notation X denotes H, 5,6-benzo and 3-CH3O, and R represents alkyl groups. Infrared spectra indicate that there is no uncoordinated nitrate ion, and that the nitrate ions are coordinated with the uranium(VI) ion as unidentate ligands in these complexes. It is to be noted that the molecules, and not anions, of the Schiff bases are coordinated with the metal ions, as in many other dioxouranium(VI) complexes.


Stool samples were collected from out patients aged 6-15 years ( primary and junior high school) attended Al-Karama hospital at Al-Karkh region of Baghdad during 3 successive years 2001, 2002, and 2003. A total of 582 samples from patients with diarrhea and 100 control samples from people of the same age were processed for Enteropathogenic bacteria. The percentage of patients with Enteropathogenic bacteria during 2001, 2002 and 2003 were 9.16%, 9.02% and 30.05% respectively. The frequency of people infected with Enteropathogenic bacteria during 2003 was four times the number in 2001 and 2002. Most of the bacterial isolates recovered were E.coli 58.33% ,91.66% and 58.70% during 2001, 2002 and 2003 respectively, followed by Klebsiella spp. 16.66% during 2001, and 20.63% during 2003, and to a less frequent other Enteropathogenic bacteria Proteus spp., Salmonlla spp. and Vibrio spp.. A similar distribution but with lower rates was noted from stools of control people. These results highlights on increased contamination and/or poor purification procedure of water supply to the general public which probably was one of the main causative agent for diarrhea in Baghdad city.


The authors agree with the choice of lectotype for Oxytropis monticola Gray made by Barneby in 1952 and present reasons for its retention.


The brain is probably the major glucose consuming organ in neonates. In adults brain glucose consumption is ± 5 mg/100 g brain tissue/min. In newborn infants with a brain size of ± 130 g/kg body weight this would account for 6.5 mg glucose /kg/min.Infants: We measured glucose turnover rates in 42 infants on the first day of life, (gestational age 29 - 40 week range, 35.3 ± 3.2 mean ± SD, birth weight 0.88 - 4.77 kg range, 2.23 ± 0.97 mean ± SD) using a stable isotope dilution technique with [6,6 2H2]glucose. Brain weight was calculated from the head circumference by the method of Cooke et al. (EHD 1977; 1/2: 145-9).Results: Brain weight was 306 ± 79 g (mean ± SD, range 155 - 435 g). Whole body glucose turnover was 5.4 ± 1.1 mg/kg/min (mean ± SD, 3.1 - B. 2 mg/kg/min range) The amount of glucose theoretically available for brain tissue consumption ranged from 1.85 mg/100 g brain tissue per min in infants with the highest brain size (19.9 % of bodyweight, SGA infants) to 7.02 mg glucose/100 g brain tissue per min in infants with the lowest brain size (B % of body weight)Conclusion: Brain tissue glucose consumption in neonates, particularly in SGA infants must be lower than in adults.


We study the structure of the neutron-rich ${}^{44}$S isotope with modern configuration mixing methods based on the Gogny interaction, including beyond-mean-field effects. Restoration of particle number and rotational symmetries are taken into account as well as shape mixing in the whole triaxial $({\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2},\ensuremath{\gamma})$ plane. We obtain a qualitative agreement between the calculated spectrum and the experimental data reported recently. Very extended collective wave functions in the $({\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2},\ensuremath{\gamma})$ plane are found for the lowest states, corresponding to very flat potentials, which indicate wide configuration mixing and support the weakening of the $N=28$ magic number.


The soil insect species and infestation in Kunshan garden plants were investigated by sampling methods. The 10 species soil pests infesting garden plants were found, in which African mole crickets, grubs, wireworms and black cutworm were important pests. This research would provide a theoretical basis for the integrated control of soil pests.


[PROBLEMS] workability is good, and further provided that it is difficult to attribute this depends on the production conditions toughness of steel wear resistance. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] by mass%, C: 0.15 0.25%, Si:? 0.1 1.0%, Mn:? 0.4 1.3%, P:? 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.2 0.9%, Nb?: 0.005 0.03%, Ti:? 0.005 0.03%, B:? 0.0003 0.004%, Al:?? 0.005 0.08%, and N: including more than 0.005%, and to comprise a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, formula (1) and (2) satisfying the formula, and the surface hardness of Brinell high toughness abrasion resistant steel and the production method, characterized in that HBW400? 500 longitudinally. In addition, it may contain Cu, Ni, Mo, 1 or two or more of the V of the elements. DI / t = 0.5? 15.0 ... Equation (1) Ms≤430 ... Equation (2) Here, t is the thickness of the river (mm), DI is a hardenability index, Ms is the martensite transformation start temperature.


Excerpt Medical therapy aimed at prevention of gastroesophageal reflux or treatment of the resulting esophagitis has been modified considerably during the past few years. A number of new drugs or n...


Objective To analyze the current status of human resources county CDCs,and to provide scientific basis and policy recommendations for rational allocation of human resources. Methods The personnel data were collected by questionnaire,and the situation of human resources was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results There was 141 staffs in total,including technical personnel accounting for 80. 85%. Most of the staffs were under 40 years old,accounting for 58. 86%. 44. 68% of staffs graduated from junior college. The junior professional title ranked the first location( 71. 63%), and public health personnel accounted for 21. 28% of the total staff. Conclusion The persnnel human resources were young in county CDCs but the proportion of middle and senior professional title was low. It is necessary to reform and adjust county CDCs human resources,and strengthen the governmental functions. The government must raise the investment in public health to establish and perfect the public health system and develop the long- term mechanism of human resources.


THE AUTHORS RECALL THAT TRAFFIC NOISE CAN BE MEASURED EITHER IN THE STREET OR INSIDE BUILDINGS (IN WHICH CASE, IT IS A FUNCTION OF WINDOW AND WALL INSULATION). A SERIES OF MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN DURING 1972-1973 (SUNDAYS WITHOUT MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC WERE USED AS CONTROL DAYS). A COMPARISON IS MADE BETWEEN SOUND INTENSITY: DURING NORMAL WEEK DAYS; NORMAL SUNDAYS; NORMAL NIGHTS; AND SUNDAYS WITH RESTRICTED TRAFFIC. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF MEASUREMENT METHODS AND APPARATUS, MAGNITUDE USED FOR MEASURING UNITS, MEASUREMENT RESULTS, AND COMPARISON WITH NORMAL CRITERIA FOR LIMIT VALUES. A COMPARISON IS MADE BETWEEN SOUND INTENSITY ON NORMAL WEEK DAYS, NORMAL SUNDAYS, NORMAL NIGHTS, AND SUNDAYS WITH RESTRICTED TRAFFIC.


A review of linear ultrasonic motor driver mechanism, classification methods and its new characteristics differentiating from the traditional electromagnetic motor is outlined. Summarizing the recent development and research progress of the motor both domestic and abroad and its application area and applied prospects are also summed up.


(Phys.org)—Although there are many counterintuitive ideas in quantum theory, the idea that influences can travel backwards in time (from the future to the past) is generally not one of them. However, recently some physicists have been looking into this idea, called "retrocausality," because it can potentially resolve some longstanding puzzles in quantum physics. In particular, if retrocausality is allowed, then the famous Bell tests can be interpreted as evidence for retrocausality and not for action-at-a-distance—a result that Einstein and others skeptical of that "spooky" property may have appreciated.


The present invention discloses a fire retardant expandable seal, belonging to the field of sealing strip art. Which is made from the following raw material weight proportion: 18-25 parts of resin powder, expanded graphite, 15-24 parts, 25-33 parts of light calcium carbonate, 12-18 parts of dibutyl phthalate, phthalamide 1-4 parts of dioctyl acid, 3-8 parts of paraffin, 1-3 parts of ferrocene, ammonium octamolybdate parts 1-3, 2-5 parts of antimony trioxide, zinc stearate 0.2-0.5 parts, 0.2 to 0.5 parts of barium stearate, 0.2 to 0.6 parts of tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite 0.2-0.8 parts; fire retardant according to the present invention in the case of high temperature expansion seal strip itself and does not burn when the fire, can be inflated, sealing the door slot, two blocking air circulation space, effectively preventing the early fire smoke, toxic gases and heat on the human body, and to effectively control the spread of fire, the disaster preventing expansion.


If time is emergent, quantum system is entangled with quantum time as it evolves. If the system contains entanglement within itself, which we can call internal entanglement to distinguish it from the "external" time-system entanglement, the speed of evolution is enhanced. In this paper, we explore the insights of quantum time for the evolution of a system that contains two entangled qubits. We consider two cases: (1) two initially entangled qubits that evolve under local dynamics; (2) two interacting qubits such that entanglement between them is generated over time. In the first case, we obtain the main result that increasing internal entanglement speeds up the evolution and makes the system more entangled with time. In the second case, we show the dependence of time-system entanglement entropy on the distance of evolution which is characterized by fidelity. We also compare the two cases with each other and find that two interacting qubits can evolve faster than two non-interacting qubits if the interaction is sufficiently strong, and thus they become entangled with time more quickly. These results could be useful to gain new insights of quantum time for black hole evaporation or cosmological perturbations in an expanding Universe, because we also have an evolving entangled bipartite system in those cases.


This paper describes analytical simplifications which make feasible the numerical calculation of the second-order news function, which gives partial information about the angular distribution of gravitational radiation emitted in the axisymmetric collision of two black holes at the speed of light. In the preceding paper, paper I, the curved radiative region of the space-time, produced after the collision of the two incoming plane-fronted shock waves, was treated using perturbation theory by making a large Lorentz boost to a frame in which a weak shock of energy λ scatters offa strong shock of energy v>>λ


Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality widely used in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. It is highly sensitive, but suffers from relatively poor spatial resolution, as compared with anatomical imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). With the recent development of combined PET/MR systems, we can improve the PET image quality by incorporating MR information. Previously we have used kernel learning to embed MR information in static PET reconstruction and direct Patlak reconstruction. Here we extend this method to direct reconstruction of nonlinear parameters in a compartment model by using the alternating direction of multiplier method (ADMM) algorithm. Simulation studies show that the proposed method can produce superior parametric images compared with existing methods.


According to the braneworld model of gravity by Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati, our Universe is a four-dimensional space-time brane embedded in a larger, infinite five-dimensional bulk space. Contrary to the other forces constrained to remain on the brane, gravity is able to explore the entire bulk getting substantially modified at large distances. This model has not only cosmological consequences allowing to explain the observed acceleration of the expansion of our Universe without resorting to the concept of dark energy, but makes also testable predictions at small scales. Interestingly, such local effects can yield information on the global properties of the Universe and on the kind of expansion currently ongoing. Indeed, among such predictions there are extra precessions of the perihelia and the mean longitudes of the planetary orbits which are affected by a twofold degeneration sign: one sign refers to a Friedmann-LemâıtreRobertson-Walker phase while the opposite sign is for a self-sccelerated phase. In this paper we report on recent observations of planetary motions in the Solar System which are compatible with the existence of a fifth dimension as predicted in the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model with a self-accelerated cosmological phase, although the errors are still large. The Friedmann-LemâıtreRobertson-Walker phase is, instead, ruled out.


The author of the article presents her discourse on the problems of tuning the harp connected with its diatonic scale and the demands of temperament when it is played in the orchestra. Analysis is given to tuning schemes and checkups of the purity of temperament used in the Schools and Methods of the 18th-19th centuries. The author touches upon the psychological and the technical causes for complicating the tuning of the harp. Keywords : harp, temperament, schemes of tuning the harp


Welcome to the special issue of the Journal of Intellectual Disability Diagnosis and Treatment"Harnessing the Power of Interprofessional Practice to Address the MultiFaceted Needs of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities". The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD, 2013) offers the following definition of intellectual disability (ID): "Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18." On the surface, this definition may seem simple and straightforward. However, when one considers the extend and depth of each component-intellectual functioning, adaptive behavior, social skills, and practical skills, it is clear that ID is a complex disorder with considerable implications. Likewise, addressing the needs of individuals with ID is equally complex and requires comprehensive treatment.


Patchouli Aceh Lhokseumawe is a patchouli that has a high oil content.  However, the Lhokseumawe species have narrow plant genetic variation due to vegetative propagation. This study aims to analysis broad genetic variability and phenotypes, correlation between growth character and strong yield character to help selection in plant breeding.  The research was conducted at experimental field of the Politeknik Negeri Lampung in April until October 2018.  The research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 genotype and 3 replications.  Analysis of the data used is ANOVA, if significantly different followed by the LSI 5%, then using variability genotype and phenotype and t test. The result showed that NPL 1 had a better appearance than the Lhokseumawe (local) genotype in the LSI 5%.  Extensive genotype variability was found ini g/plant dry weight character and ton/ha dry terna production, broad phenotype variability was found in all observed characters.  High heritability is found in the characters of stem diameter, wet weight, dry weight, and production of dry ton/ha. Significantly positive phenotypic correlations that have high oil yield are characterized by the characteristics of dry weight, ton/ha dry cattle production, wet weight, and harvest index. Positive genotypic correlations were evident between growth and yield characters, namely the oil yield with leaf length, and leaf width.


Function of Orange Breeding Coloration the Social The role of orange coloration in the breeding behavior of Gambelia wislizenii was examined in the Alvord Basin of southeast Oregon. Behavioral observations of free ranging lizards supplemented field experiments where I manipulated the sex and color of lizards encountered by resident female G. wislizenii before and after they acquired orange coloration. the Twenty-four behaviors were and in the


Geological production description of the carbonate reservoir of Kiesel horizon is given. Indices of Znamensky area development are included. A comprehensive resources and energy saving technology of carbonate reservoir development is implemented, and its efficiency is established.


Adrenal glands participate in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology via the synthesis and secretion of various well-known compounds like mineralocorticoids, amine peptides and glucocorticoids. In this study, a previously unknown systemic function of adrenal glands, that is the regulation of vascular calcification processes was investigated.

 The homogenate of the bovine adrenal gland was separated using chromatographic fractionation. The fractions were analysed in aortic smooth muscle cells, aortic rings and vitamin D3 plus nicotine elastocalcinosis rat model for effects on vascular calcification processes. Potential mediators were distinguished by mass spectrometry and comparison with pertinent databases. For ease of therapeutic application, smaller fragments of the identified mediators were analysed to identify the active sites.

 We identified a new 19aa peptide, named 'calcification blocking factor' (CBF), which shows a promising protective effect against vascular calcification. CBF is released from the parent protein Chromogranin A, which is released from adrenal glands via enzymatic cleavage by calpain 1 and kallikrein. CBF reduced the calcium content of cells and aortic rings in calcifying cultures. CBF downregulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) trans-differentiation into osteoblast-like cells within the vascular wall via the sodium-dependent phosphate transporter PIT-1 and by inhibiting the NF-κB activation and the subsequent BMP2/p-SMAD pathway. VDN animals treated with CBF show a significantly decreased pulse pressure as a marker of arterial stiffness. An 8aa peptide was found to have a better effect on reducing vascular calcification when compared to the original peptide.

 The adrenal glands participate in cardiovascular (CV) physiology and the pathophysiology of CV diseases through their effects on sodium and water metabolism, vascular tone and cardiac function. In the present study, we identified a previously uncharacterized peptide secreted from the adrenal gland that modulates cardiovascular calcification by regulating osteoblastic differentiation in the context of vascular calcification. We show that CBF reduces calcification via PIT-1/NF-κB/BMP2/p-SMAD pathway. Further, we identified the active site of this peptide (8aa long) which can be used as a therapeutic agent. These findings suggest a novel function of adrenal glands in cardiovascular calcification.


Stetter reaction between aromatic aldehydes and acrylonitrile/ethyl acrylate performing in [Bmim]Br
in the presence of NaOH is described. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) generates in situ is shown to be
an efficient catalyst. Benzoin condensation also occured as side reaction.


The phases of the instruction are stated and analyzed, as well as the bishop's decision, on the causes of nullity of marriage in briefer process. Several means of proof are suggested to be examined during the instruction session, according to different grounds of nullity mentioned in the article 14§1 on the Procedural Rules. It is also stated that the bishop with the assistance of the instructor and the assessor must sign the judgment. Finally, data from the Spanish ecclesiastical courts about the recent practice of this new process are provided.


A two-dimensional multi-term time fractional diffusion equation $ {D}_{t}^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}} u(x, y, t)- \Delta u(x, y, t) = f(x, y, t) $ is considered in this paper, where $ {D}_{t}^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}} $ is the multi-term time Caputo fractional derivative. To solve the equation numerically, L1 discretisation to each fractional derivative is used on a graded temporal mesh, together with a standard finite difference method for the spatial derivatives on a uniform spatial mesh. We provide a rigorous stability and convergence analysis of a fully discrete L1-ADI scheme for solving the multi-term time fractional diffusion problem. Numerical results show that the error estimate is sharp.


In order to improve the overall usage efficiency of the current digital resources,enhancing the search accuracy rate of literatures existed in libraries,resolving the problem that current research systems cannot run well in different operating systems,a novel library information resources integration model is presented.On the basement of studying of the mapping relationship between Dublin Core fields and MARC fields,a cross-platform prototype system which integrates library collections and other local information resources is designed and implemented.From the development goals,framework design,development platform,provides an overview of the design ideas.Finally,based on C++ and Qt application framework,a system was developed and some experiments shown in the last sections validated the good effects.


Dichloromeldrum's acid is introduced as a bench-stable, nonvolatile reagent for the dichloroacetylation of anilines and alkyl amines to produce α,α-dichloroacetamides, which are important motifs for medicinal chemistry. Products are formed in good to excellent yields with reagent grade solvents, and, as the only byproducts are acetone and CO2, no column chromatography is required. Thus, this reagent is practical, efficient, and green for the dichloroacetylation of primary amines.


Cogeneration unit compact design with diesel engines are used for installation on ground transport with the purpose of supply of thermal and electric energy during long-term Parking. When creating cogeneration unit there is a certain lack of information associated with the effectiveness of their application. The aim of this work is experimental study of features of work of a cogeneration unit to determine the effectiveness of its application. When tested cogeneration units defi ned the parameters of its heat and electric power. The calculated coeffi cients of using the heat of combustion of fuel. Installed the parameters of effi ciency of cogeneration unit. Utilization of heat of combustion of fuel cogeneration units on the maximum power mode, is 0,72. On 1 kW of electrical energy will have 2,86 kW of heat


Ultraprecision machining and MEMS technology have been taken more and more important position in machining of microparts. Micro endmilling is one of the prominent technology that has wide spectrum of application field ranging from macro parts to micro products. Also, the method of micro-grooving using micro endmilling is used widely owing to many merit, but has problems of precision and quality of products due to tool wear and tool fracture. This investigation deals with state monitoring using acoustic emission(AE) signal in the micro-grooving. Characteristic evaluation of AE raw signal, AE hit and frequency analysis for state monitoring is also presented in the paper.


Introduction: In recent years some countries have shown increasing interest and use of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Several studies have reported increasing use of UKA for osteoarthritis in younger patients with low revision rates. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of UKA by combining two national databases containing prospectively collected data. Method: Over 50 000 UKA procedures were analyzed to determine the cumulative percentage revision (CPR). Any reason for revision was used as the end point. The analysis was stratified according to age, gender and type of prosthesis to determine outcomes in patients younger than 65 years Result: In this study both countries showed declining use of UKA in terms of the proportion of knee replacement procedures and of absolute numbers undertaken per year. The seven year CPR of UKA in patients younger than 65 years was 16.2%, and at 10 years was 17.5%. No significant difference was found between gender, however outcome did vary depending on the type of prosthesis used. Conclusion: This study reports the outcomes from the two largest databases of UKA. Within 10 years of UKA a substantial number of revisions were seen in patients younger than 65 years, with varying results depending on the type of prosthesis used.


Resumen en: Pure and Fe-doped NiO nanoparticles (NP's) with different particles sizes have been synthesized by the co-precipitaiton method. We have observed that the...


Horse flies and other biting Diptera are not only annoying pests, but can inflict numerous diseases on the people and animals they bite. Studies in recent years have shown horse flies are less attracted to striped surfaces, providing evidential support that zebra stripes have evolved as biting fly protection. The Omo River Valley tribes in the historical zebra range of southwest Ethiopia regularly paint themselves in stripes, and may have been doing so for thousands of years. Whether this cultural act gains the same biological benefit of biting fly protection is the focus of this thesis.
To fully explore this theory, a review on the hypotheses of zebra stripes, history of body painting and modification, with a focus on Africa, and the theory of culture as a biological process are examined. Two experiments were conducted, testing horse fly attraction on various models of body modifications found in the Omo River Valley. An analysis and interpretation of the experimental results and their implication on the hypothesis is performed, as well as a literature overview. While results from the experiments were inconclusive, future studies in this area would further our understanding of biting fly behavior, provide possible solutions to reduce bite frequency, and aid in preserving and documenting disappearing cultural traditions of the region.


Purpose
This paper aims to examine the ethical foundations of Gen Z individuals by studying the impact of helicopter parenting on moral courage and moral disengagement. In addition, this study considers the implications for Millennial generation managers that are likely to be supervising this current generational cohort.

Design/methodology/approach
Hypotheses were tested using a two-wave online survey of 215 undergraduate students.

Findings
Helicopter parenting was associated with lower levels of moral courage and an elevated propensity to morally disengage in a sample of Gen Z individuals. The impact of helicopter parenting on these moral foundations was mediated by the children's increased desire for continued parental involvement in their lives.

Practical implications
Similar to the Gen Z students surveyed in this study, many Millennials were raised by helicopter parents, thus, it is likely that they are also prone to moral disengagement and low moral courage. Furthermore, Millennial managers will be managing Gen Z workers. Thus, many companies will need to enhance their efforts in providing Millennial managers with business ethics training aimed at developing moral courage and reducing moral disengagement.

Originality/value
This study examines a previously unidentified antecedent of moral courage and moral disengagement


The creative solutions economy strategy, which aims to deal with crises or boost output and productivity under normal circumstances, has contributed to the improvement of the United Arab Emirates' economic and social performance. As a result, after being one of the most underdeveloped nations, it has achieved significant strides in the area of economic innovation. In light of the recent economic crises that the United Arab Emirates has seen and experienced, it is instructive to investigate the potential effects of novel remedies on the economy. Regardless of the origins of the global financial, health, cultural, and political problems, the UAE has been able to achieve acceptable accomplishments via the applications of the economics of new solutions. High levels of innovation have been achieved in the UAE through science, knowledge, and the application of technology, as well as in the field of research and development. The UAE is one of the countries that encouraged development and innovation and provided the necessary means, financing, and support to get to where it is today.


How do we make decisions? How do we judge what is right or wrong and how does this judgment translate to behavior? Over the last decade, research on the human brain has begun to shed light on such questions. Those research efforts build on a strong foundation of animal research responsible for the delineation of neural circuitry involved in processing information about rewards and punishments. Animal research also provided for the development of an understanding of how such circuitry operates during simple decision-making, such as pressing a lever to receive a reward. Advances in technology, chiefly the advent of neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have allowed researchers to investigate similar matters regarding the operation of the human brain. Furthermore, research using these techniques may be extended in new directions to address questions not easily explored in animals, such as those involving the more complex decisions that occur in human society, (e.g., trusting an individual during a business transaction). These research efforts have introduced interdisciplinary collaborations and considerations, ranging from philosophy to economics, into the field of cognitive neuroscience. The contributions of these diverse fields do much to shape current thinking on human decision-making. In this paper, we will discuss how social information can modulate traditional ways of thinking about rational and economic decision-making specifically by affecting the neural systems of reward. First, we present an overview of the


The review of Niall Ferguson's book "The Square and The Tower", published in Ukrainian translation in 2018, is presented. The author's concept of interaction and confrontation between hierarchical structures and open societies is considered in the context of contemporary discussions around narrative history.


Electric vehicles will certainly play an important and increasing role in the transport sector over the next years. As their number grows, they will affect the behavior of the electricity demand seen not only by distribution but also by transmission networks and so changes will also occur in the operation and expansion planning of the power systems. In this sense, this paper addresses the impact of large fleets of Plug-in-Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in transmission equipment investments. The developed model uses evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO) to handle the planning problem over different scenarios regarding the evolution of PEVs and their impact on the demand. These scenarios consider the PEVs penetration level, the availability of charging and the related charging policies. The paper includes a Case Study based on the IEEE 24 busbar power system model for a 10-year period. The model uses an AC Optimal Power Flow to analyse the operation of the system for different investment paths over the years and the results show that coordinating the charging of PEVs can be an interesting solution to postpone the investments in transmission equipment thus reducing the associated costs.


The invention relates to a form of administration comprising a physiologically effective substance (A); one or several optional physiologically acceptable adjuvants (B); a synthetic or natural polymer (C); and an optional natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic wax (D). Said form of administration is provided with a minimum breaking strength of 400 N while releasing the physiologically effective substance (A) at least partly in a delayed manner in physiological conditions.


For the application of voltage source converter(VSC)in wind power system,a mathematical model of voltage source converter was established in the paper.It is applied in permanent magnet direct-driven wind power system,and a double closed-loop control strategy of space vector pulse width modulation is presented,which including speed outer-loop and current inner-loop.Simulation of the proposed VSC was made using Mtlab/Simulink,and the simulation results demonstrated the system can capture the maximum wind energy with the proposed VSC,at this time transmit energy keeps the frequency consistent with the electricity grid,and achieves unity power factor in power transmission.


The Korean government has announced plans to supply electrified buses to achieve decarbonization in the transportation sector and to create next-generation growth engines. Although a multitude of technical and political studies have been conducted to support the successful introduction of electrified buses, studies on the attitudes and perceptions of passengers toward electrified buses remain insufficient. To evaluate the perceptions and preferences of potential passengers toward the specific attributes of electrified buses, this study performed an online survey (N = 586) that includes people who had experienced travel on public buses. Values of the relative importance of eight different attributes—safety, ride comfort, environmental friendliness, exterior design, cleanliness, crowding, seat comfort, and convenience getting on/off—were evaluated using the best-worst scaling method. The results showed that safety (share of preference: 41.3%) was the most important attribute when using electrified buses. This was followed by eco-friendliness (14.3%) and ride comfort (13.6%). On the other hand, the least important attribute was exterior design (1.8%). Gender differences were also observed in the valuation of certain attributes among the passenger preferences toward electrified buses. The results of this study contribute to the development of strategies for the wide-spread adoption of electrified buses and provide a stepping-stone to a more sustainable public transportation system.


There has been spreading in Guizhou province explanatory legends in four categories about names,objects, customs and characters concerning Zhuge Liang who has never been to this area during the civil war in the Three-States Period in the history of China. This paper argues that the source of these legends results from the spreading of the immigrant culture of Han ethnic group,cultural exchanges between other ethnic groups,the feudal literati and folk culture meetings,etc. It proposes the premise of the production of these legends is cultural contact,the basis for the existence of the legends is the localization of foreign culture,and the combination of historical authenticity and spatial-temporal variability is the characteristics of such legends.


We first introduce structural realism as a position in the metaphysics of science, pointing out the way in which this position replaces intrinsic properties with relations so that it amounts to a holistic in contrast to an atomistic metaphysics. We argue in favour of a moderate version of structural realism that puts objects and relations on the same ontological footing and assess the general philosophical arguments for this position. The second section shows how structural realism gains support from quantum physics. The third section explains how structural realism can be applied to the metaphysics of space-time. 1. Structural realism as a metaphysical position Structural realism in the metaphysics of science is a sort of a holism in contrast to an atomism. To bring out that contrast, consider David Lewis' thesis of Humean supervenience; one can regard that thesis as the paradigmatic conception of a philosophical atomism in current mainstream analytical metaphysics: Humean supervenience is named in honor of the greater denier of necessary connections. It is the doctrine that all there is to the world is a vast mosaic of local matters of particular fact, just one little thing and then another. (...) We have geometry: a system of external relations of spatio-temporal distance between points. Maybe points of spacetime itself, maybe point-sized bits of matter or aether or fields, maybe both. And at those points we have local qualities: perfectly natural intrinsic properties which need nothing bigger than a point at which to be instantiated. For short: we have an arrangement of qualities. And that is all. (Lewis (1986), ix-x) According to Lewis, thus, the only irreducible relations are the ones of spatio-temporal distance between points. The fundamental physical properties are instantiated at those points. One may think of mass, energy, momentum, charge, spin among others as candidates for fundamental physical properties. It is of no importance for this position whether (a) the spacetime points themselves instantiate the fundamental physical properties, or whether (b) there are material objects located at the space-time points that instantiate these properties, or whether (c) there are no space-time points at all, the spatial-temporal relations being relations among material point particles that instantiate the fundamental physical properties. What is crucial for this position is that the fundamental physical properties are intrinsic properties. According to the standard view developed by Lewis himself, intrinsic are all and only those properties that an object has irrespective of whether or not there are other contingent objects; in brief, having or lacking an intrinsic property is independent of accompaniment or loneliness (see Langton & Lewis (1998) and for a refinement Lewis Holism and structural realism 2 (2001)). All other properties are extrinsic or relational, consisting in the object bearing certain relations to other objects. The view hence is that the world is the distribution of fundamental physical intrinsic properties at points that are connected by spatio-temporal relations. This view is an atomism. The world consists of atoms in a philosophical sense, namely a plurality of objects that are characterized by certain intrinsic properties each and that are linked only by spatio-temporal relations. There is an obvious epistemological problem for this position that is acknowledged by Lewis himself (see Lewis (forthcoming)): if the fundamental physical properties are intrinsic ones, how can we get knowledge of them? Frank Jackson brings out this problem in the following passage: When physicists tell us about the properties they take to be fundamental, they tell us what these properties do. This is no accident. We know about what things are like essentially through the way they impinge on us and our measuring instruments. It does not follow from this that the fundamental properties of current physics, or of 'completed' physics, are causal cum relational ones. It may be that our terms for the fundamental properties pick out the properties they do via the causal relations the properties enter into, but that at least some of the properties so picked out are intrinsic. They have, as we might put it, relational names but intrinsic essences. However, it does suggest ... the uncomfortable idea that we may know next to nothing about the intrinsic nature of the world. We know only its causal cum relational nature. (Jackson (1998), 23-24) The core of this argument can be reconstructed as follows: (1) We gain empirical knowledge owing to the causal relations that obtain between physical objects and our senses. (2) Knowledge thus gained may refer to intrinsic properties of physical objects. (3) But the way in which that knowledge is caused imposes a constraint on its content: physical properties can be identified only through the relations in which they enter. If we explain the meaning of the propositions that refer to the fundamental physical properties, it turns out that these propositions describe these properties as relational. (4) Identity of relations, however, does not imply identity of intrinsic properties. (5) We therefore do not know the properties of physical objects insofar as they are intrinsic. The argument is not that since we gain knowledge through the way in which physical objects impinge on our senses, we know only the way in which they are related to us. The argument is one about the content of empirical predicates, namely that they reveal only relations among objects. The argument applies to all relations; the relations in which physical objects stand to us do not have any special status as far as the content of empirical knowledge is concerned. The laws of physics, in short, describe relations among physical objects, and only relations, but without relations of measurement having a special status. If it is true that our basic physical theories give us knowledge only of the relations in which physical objects stand, the metaphysics of intrinsic properties is in trouble: metaphysics has it that the world consists of objects that are characterized by intrinsic properties each. On epistemological reflection, however, we have to concede that we do not have access to these properties insofar as they are intrinsic. A gap between metaphysics and epistemology thus arises. This problem for the metaphysics of intrinsic properties is a purely philosophical motivation to go for structural realism. One can reformulate the problem that Jackson among others raises in such a way that its conclusion is a position known as epistemic structural realism, namely the view that structure in the sense of relations among physical objects and Holism and structural realism 3 as captured by the mathematical equations of a physical theory is all that we can know. Epistemic structural realism in the current discussion goes back to a paper that John Worrall published in 1989 (see in particular 117-123). Worrall's aim is to employ epistemic structural realism as an argument to establish a mitigated version of scientific realism. According to him, there is continuity in our views about structure despite theory change in the history of science: the views about structure of a predecessor theory can be construed as an approximation of the views about structure of the successor theory. Therefore, following Worrall, our views about structure do not fall victim to the arguments against scientific realism from theory change. That claim is in dispute (see Psillos (1999), chapter 7, against Worrall). Be that as it may, our concern in this paper is with the metaphysics of science. We shall therefore not employ structural realism as an argument for scientific realism, but simply presuppose that a version of scientific realism can be established that is strong enough to warrant the project of proposing metaphysical claims based on scientific theories. Of course, these claims then are subject to change in the same way as are our scientific theories. Structural realism as a metaphysical position is the claim that there are no fundamental intrinsic properties underlying the relations that we can know. That is to say, all there is to the fundamental physical objects are the relations in which they stand. By structure, we mean concrete physical relations. Structural realism as a stance in the metaphysics of science is therefore not subject to what is known as the Newman objection against structuralism (see Demopoulos & Friedman (1985); see Chakravartty (2004), section 3 as regards the point that concrete relations are not subject to this objection). As a first approximation, one can conceive structural realism as not touching the objects, but as replacing what is considered as intrinsic properties of objects in atomism with relations among the objects. However, this is only a first approximation, for it presupposes that there first are objects as something ontologically primitive and that these objects then are put into relations with each other ("first" and "then" in a logical sense, not a temporal one). The structural realist, by contrast, maintains that objects and relations are on the same ontological footing. Neither objects nor relations (structure) have an ontological priority with respect to the physical world: they both belong to the ontological ground floor. It makes no sense to assign an ontological priority to objects, because instead of having fundamental intrinsic properties, there are only the relations in which they stand. In other words, an object as such is nothing but that what bears the relations. As regards the relations, it makes no sense to attribute an ontological priority to them, for at least insofar as they are instantiated in the physical world instead of being abstract entities, they exist as relations between objects. Thus, as far as the physical world is concerned, there is a mutual ontological as well as conceptual


Introduction The impact of influenza on mortality in Korea is substantial.1 Therefore, the general population are recommended to receive an influenza vaccination once a year to prevent influenza infection, relieve symptoms, and reduce the risk of complications. Due to the prolonged COVID-19 epidemic, the possibility of co-infection with respiratory viruses, such as COVID-19 and influenza virus, might increase. However, existing studies on the current status of influenza vaccination and related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic are limited in Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the current status of influenza vaccination in Korean adults and evaluate the related factors, including the general and COVID-19-related characteristics.


Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide; however, despite major advances in cancer treatment during the past two decades, the prognostic outcome of lung cancer patients has improved only minimally. This is largely due to the inadequacy of the traditional screening approach of diagnosis in lung cancer, which detects only well-established overt cancers and fails to identify precursor lesions in premalignant conditions of the bronchial tree. In recent years this situation has fundamentally changed with the identification of molecular abnormalities characteristic of premalignant changes; these concern tumour suppressor genes, loss of heterozygosity at crucial sites and activation of oncogenes. Basic knowledge at the molecular level has extremely important clinical implications with regard to early diagnosis, risk assessment and prevention, and therapeutic targets. In this study we used a "cap-finder" subtractive hybridization method, "long distance" polymerase chain reaction (PCR), streptavidin magnetic beads mediated subtraction, and spin column chromatography to detect differential expression genes of human small cell lung carcinoma. We have now isolated ninety two genes that expressed differentially in the human small cell lung carcinoma cells and analyzed of 12 clones with sequencing, nine cDNAs include tapasin (NGS-17) mRNA, BC200 alpha scRNA, chromosome 12q24 PAC RPCI3-462E2, protein phosphatase 1 (PPPICA), translocation protein 1 (TLOC1), ribosomal protein S24 (RPS24) mRNA, protein phosphatase (PPEF2), cathepsin Z, MDM2 gene and three novel genes. They may be oncogenesis-related proteins.


Abstract Whereas Simon Newcomb formulated the equation of exchange, he rejected the causality and the proportionality postulates of the quantity theory in some cases. To solve this puzzle, this paper relies on the distinction between the classical theory of money and the quantity theory of money and shows that, according to Newcomb, the quantity theory applied only for inconvertible paper money, while metallic money and convertible bank issues were regulated by different mechanisms. Understanding Newcomb's distinction between the different types of issues also sheds light on his stance in the monetary debate of the U.S. Reconstruction period.