It is well recognized that the world is becoming a global village. Today's undergraduates will occupy workplaces and communities that have been transformed by globalization; they must learn to make connections across disciplinary, national, and cultural borders. To address the challenge of providing exposure to global/international dimensions without sacrificing technical content, we have previously proposed to use case studies in sophomore engineering science classes. In this paper, we extend the concept to capstone engineering design courses by focusing on solutions to global/international problems. Additionally, a Web-based instructional tool (WebCT) is used to enhance global/international awareness as well as intercultural communication skills. WebCT is also used to "take students there," through movie clips.


Thank you very much for reading japan the facts of modern business and social life. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this japan the facts of modern business and social life, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


The SKKK has helped craftsperson realize their own strength and potential by using their traditional craft capabilities to get hold of their lives without displacing them. The expenses spent by the organization are less in return to the benefits which it receives from the employee's hard work. Welfare facility provided by organization is unique for all the employees. The only difference is that the top level officers receive some additional facility along with routine one. With the help of the study an attempt is made to study the welfare facilities and measure job satisfaction provided to employees. What is the procedure, time required for sanctioning welfare facility and such other basis policies of the organization. The study is based on the information collected from respondent through questionnaire. The data analyzed is presented in the form of table and on the basis of that conclusion are made. In the last, the required suggestions are given. After analyzing the data it is found that the employees are satisfied with the welfare facilities provided to them by the SKKK.


This paper examines the price discovery process and information transmission between Taiwan stock index futures contracts、Mini Taiwan index futures contracts and underlying spot index, using a modification of Hasbrouck's (1995)"information share" market microstructure model. The data is collected from July 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, and we use 1-minute resolution or 1-second resolution as intraday transaction data. we find out that these three markets are co-integrated markets with one common stochastic trend. Empirical results show price discovery appears to be initiated in Taiwan stock index futures market, Mini Taiwan index futures market is the second, and spot index market is the last. In index futures and underlying spot index market, price discovery across Taiwan stock index futures market is related to security property, leverage, transaction cost, liquidity, market friction etc.. In addition, between regular and mini futures market, due to similar market design and trading environment, important advantages of regular futures market that leads to significant improvements in price discovery process may include lower transaction cost, higher liquidity, and more institution investor trading. Our results are consistent with theoretical argument that a dominant informational role for Taiwan stock index futures market.


The invention discloses easy-cutting vanadium-feeding high-aluminum nitriding steel and a preparation method thereof. The steel comprises, by weight, 0.26%-0.40% of carbon (C), 0.15%-0.50% of silicon (Si), 0.08%-1.50% of manganese (Mn), 0.08%-1.50% of chromium (Cr), 0.05%-0.25% of vanadium (V), 0.10%-0.30% of aluminum (Al), less than 0.020% of phosphorus(P), 0.015%-0.10% of sulphur (S), less than 0.20% of copper (Cu), less than 0.20% of nickel (Ni), less than 0.015% of stannum (Sn), less than 15*10-4% of oxygen (O), the balance ferrum (Fe) and inevitable impurities. The preparation method includes smelting, alloying, continuous casting ingot, and hot rolling process, wherein during an electric-arc furnace smelting process, a control end point [C] is lager than or equal to 0.15%, and a control end point [P] is less than or equal to 0.010%, preliminary dexidation is alloyed in a steel ladle, and 50%-60% of aluminum (Al) is added into tapped steel. Argon is blown during the whole journey of LF refining, and time of keeping white slag is between 15 minutes and 20 minutes. VD vacuum is treated in a degassing mode. Whole journey protection continuous casting ingots are adopted and the steel is manufactured in a hot rolling mode. The high-aluminum nitriding steel is suitable for nitriding hot treatment, nitriding layer is deep after nitriding, high in surface rigidity, and cutting performance of the steel is good.


This project focuses on warning street lamp. Warning street lamp is a device with flashing lamp and it will be place at certain road. The function of the warning lamp is to remind people about there are hazard at the road such as an emergency happen. Besides, it is can be used at the construction road. This project is better because it uses the solar energy. This lamp does not need the electrical power and it can be placed at rural area that does not have electricity supply. This lamp have three different functions which are a blinking lamp in a circle shape, a warning lamp in right arrow shape and a warning lamp in left arrow shape. Those three warning lamp can be changed manually by pressing the push button at the control circuit. The right and left shape warning lamp is important because of it can show the road ahead which is to turn right or left especially when driving at night. Hope that this project can reduce the accident at the road.


The Programmer's Playground takes a new approach to simplifying and supporting the construction of distributed applications. The approach, called I/O abstraction, separates the description of a system's communication structure from the descriptions of its computational components so that software modules written in existing programming languages cna be integrated flexibly and dynamically by both programmers and end-users. This separation is achieved by estabishing logical connectinos among the data interfaces of independent software modules. The logical connections provide a uniform high-level view of communication for both discrete and continuous data. The I/O abstraction approach inherits ideas from the I/O automaton model,... Read complete abstract on page 2.


Abstract Experiments that involve nested structures often assign entire groups (such as schools) to treatment conditions. Key aspects of the design of such experiments include knowledge of the intraclass correlation structure and the sample sizes necessary to achieve adequate power to detect the treatment effect. This study provides methods for computing power in three-level cluster randomized balanced designs (with two levels of nesting), where, for example, students are nested within classrooms and classrooms are nested within schools and schools are assigned to treatments. The power computations take into account nesting effects at the second (classroom) and at the third (school) level, sample size effects (e.g., number of schools, classrooms, and individuals), and covariate effects (e.g., pretreatment measures). The methods are applicable to quasi-experimental studies that examine group differences in an outcome.


Satellite (SPOT XS and Landsat TM) and airborne multispectral (CASI) imagery was acquired from the Turks and Caicos Islands, British West Indies. The descriptive resolution and accuracy of each image type is compared for two applications: mangrove habitat mapping and the measurement of mangrove canopy characteristics (leaf area index and canopy closure). Mangroves could be separated from non-mangrove vegetation to an accuracy of only 57% with SPOT XS data but better discrimination could be achieved with either Landsat TM or CASI (in both cases accuracy was >90%). CASI data permitted a more accurate classification of different mangrove habitats than was possible using Landsat TM. Nine mangrove habitats could be mapped to an accuracy of 85% with the high-resolution airborne data compared to 31% obtained with TM. A maximum of three mangrove habitats were separable with Landsat TM: the accuracy of this classification was 83%. Measurement of mangrove canopy characteristics is achieved more accurately with CASI than with either satellite sensor, but high costs probably make it a less cost-effective option. The cost-effectiveness of each sensor is discussed for each application.


We present a new technique for choosing spatial regions for X-ray spectroscopy, called "contour binning". The method chooses regions by following contours on a smoothed image of the object. In addition we re-explore a simple method for adaptively smoothing X-ray images according to the local count rate, we term "accumulative smoothing", which is a generalisation of the method used by FADAPT. The algorithms are tested by applying them to a simulated cluster data set. We illustrate the techniques by using them on a 50 ks Chandra observation of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant. Generated maps of the object showing abundances in eight different elements, absorbing column density, temperature, ionisation timescale and velocity are presented. Tests show that contour binning reproduces surface brightness considerably better than other methods. It is particularly suited to objects with detailed spatial structure such as supernova remnants and the cores of galaxy clusters, producing aesthetically pleasing results.


Still, Krasriow denied having any covert inten tions, "I didn't rr!ake_any-.;politieal statements. I didn't advertise my background," he said. • . He added that when he asked to be an interpreter, "he felt "duty-bound''. just '.-to-interpretand nothing •more. ^ "• ••••. ."I have bo wish -to ^emb^rrass " the. Soviet delegation," tastressecl, "butl certainly feel hurt. I feel like. lam a victim of deffe"ii'te~ The-s^me would" -ihave hgppened with (Aleksandr) Solzhenltsvn if he were, not so famous." • *. • ' "< : He-continued, "This has made rhe realize more• than ever that-going back home (to the Soviet Union) means gbirig""to~jail. "Howelsecould they-; isolate me like they have here.?"


1 The antinociceptive effects of synthetic dermorphin and its analogues containing D‐Arg in position 2 injected into the lateral cerebroventricle were examined in conscious mice. 2 Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of dermorphin and [D‐Arg2] dermorphin produced potent and long‐lasting antinociceptive activity as assayed by the tail‐pressure test. 3 Dermorphin and [D‐Arg2] dermorphin were 210 and 52 times more potent than morphine, respectively. 4 The antinociceptive effects produced by these heptapeptides were antagonized by a low dose (0.5 mg kg−1, i.p.) of the opioid antagonist naloxone. 5 The ED50 values for [D‐Arg2] dermorphin (1–6), (1–5) and (1–4) were not significantly different from that for [D‐Arg2] dermorphin. The potency of the shortest fragment, [D‐Arg2] dermorphin (1–2) was found to possess a severely reduced activity, whilst [D‐Arg2] dermorphin (1–3) maintained activity and was 10 times more potent than morphine. 6 [D‐Arg2] dermorphin analogues showed almost identical effects when tested on the electrically‐induced contractions of the guinea‐pig isolated ileum. 7 These results led us to conclude that the presence of the N‐terminal tripeptide in the structure of [D‐Arg2] dermorphin is of crucial importance for the manifestation of the full intrinsic opioid‐like antinociceptive activity of [D‐Arg2] dermorphin, which is presumably mediated through opioid receptors in the brain.


In this issue of Neurology , Frohman et al., in an American Academy of Neurology (AAN)–approved article, analyze the evidence and recommendations on the value of MRI for predicting a diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) after a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).1 Prediction for individual patients, the focus of the article, goes beyond what is known about MRI based on studies of populations. In populations, MRI is the best predictor of a second attack after a CIS. It also provides prognostic information related to both future disability and future subclinical (MRI) events.

Their recommendations are that 1) three or more white matter lesions on T2-weighted MRI are a sensitive predictor for subsequent development of CDMS (note is made that even one to three lesions may also be predictive of future MS, "although this relationship requires better clarification"); 2) two or more enhancing lesions are predictive of future MS; 3) new T2 lesions or gadolinium enhancement three or more months after a CIS is predictive of subsequent CDMS; 4) any of the above MRI findings in a patient with CIS, after exclusion of alternative diagnoses, makes for a low probability of diagnoses other than MS. These AAN recommendations have considerable resonance with the MRI component of the recently published Recommendations of the International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.2

Frohman et al. review evidence establishing that focal lesions on MRI at the time …


A common approximation used in the formulation of transient energy functions (TEFs) for AC/DC power systems is the omission of DC control dynamics. The differential equations representing the DC system dynamics are used to track the fault-on trajectory, but not to derive the TEF. This leads to an error in TEF based stability prediction. In this paper, a method is presented to derive the TEF with DC system dynamics explicitly integrated. By using this comprehensive transient energy function, the accuracy of the stability prediction in AC/DC systems is improved. In addition, due to inclusion of differential equations representing DC dynamics directly in the TEF, the calculation of post-fault equilibrium point is done only once. This leads to considerable reduction in CPU time. The method is validated using 12-bus and 30-bus AC/DC test systems by comparing results with those obtained from time simulation.


Gandhiji's philosophy of nationalism was not based upon race-hatred and chauvinistic feelings. It was the stroke of his genius that blended nationalism with internationalism. His patriotism transcended geographical frontiers and was
 conterminous with humanity. He knew that one must be a good nationalist in order to become a true internationalist. He explained in his writings that there could be no genuine international co-operation without national independence. He was ardent
 advocate of international collaboration and co-operation. In war, Gandhiji saw the most crucial unsolved problem of the international relations. For him, generally speaking, war was 'unrighteous' because it contradicted the principles of ahimsa and
 the higher law of dharma. Also he knew that the basis of imperialism, Nazism and Fascism was rooted in violence and that there was no qualitative difference among these systems; even if there was no a difference, the difference was only in degree.
 Gandhiji's internationalism, as we will see, grew with time. This is particularly evident in his concepts of war and peace.


In the study of chemical evolution, experiments simulating primitive earth conditions have shown that many compounds of biological significance can be produced from simple precursors. In an attempt to search for the origin of polycarboxylic acids, the UV irradiation of aqueous acetic acid was performed. Among the products detected were succinic, citric and malonic acids which are key compounds in metabolic pathways, suggesting that these compounds might have been formed on the primitive Earth prior to life itself.


Although there is no scientifically reported evidence of a link between Morgellons Disease (MD) and electromagnetism, this article investigates the possible causes if different bacterial organisms to be implicated in the etiology of MD. Spirochetes, for example, the suggested main pathogen linked to MD, are electroactive and, if indeed are the underlying pathology, could cause chemical precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals, resulting in increased electrical conductivity. Microbiotas such as E.coli, Shewanella, and Listeria have previously been related to electroactive characteristics. Furthermore, the bacteria-induced deposition of pyrite, calcium carbonate, calcium alginate, and magnetite in the epidermis could explain some MD patients' inexplicable symptoms. While only some of these microorganisms are proven in MD patients, the exact etiology of the disease is yet to be determined. It's possible that we'll never find a link at all, but that doesn't rule out the possibility that one exists in the first place. In this review, we attempt to suspend disbelief that MD patients could exhibit such symptoms, and instead investigate how researchers could support their claims with science and compassion, instead of repudiating them.


Formula I compounds: R Substitutions on the heteroaromatic ring may be any can be performed in a position on said ring systems; and individual enantiomers and pharmaceutical compositions and treatment comprising the salt as well as novel compounds the compounds, particularly pain , their use in the treatment of anxiety and functional gastrointestinal disorders, disclosed herein, are claimed.


1 T HAS LONG BEEN ACCEPTED that there is a close relationship between mathematical skill and intelligence. Still to be established is the belief that mathematical inadequacy arises primarily from low intellectual potential. This is something that has become accepted in the same way as the theory that girls are inherently inferior to boys in mechanical arithmetic. Since tests of general intelligence, because they are predictors of school success, are heavily loaded with items of a verbal and arithmetical nature, one might also expect to find that children who achieve highly in language and number skills should also do well in intelligence tests. Perhaps the safest definition of intelligence is one which describes it as what is measured by intelligence tests! The development of the theory and practice of factorial analysis has enabled statisticians to become far more precise in specifying the nature of the skills measured by intelligence tests. Prominent in this field were the Thurstones, who isolated a number of primary factors, each of which "can be regarded as a composite of an independent primary factor and a general factor which it shares with other primary factors."' They found seven factors, or primary abilities, and these are set forth below. 1. Verbal comprehension (V): Vocabulary tests represent this factor. 2. Word fluency (W): This factor calls for the ability to think of words rapidly, or to think of words that rhyme.


The paper introduces the implementation of control of DTMF coder/decoder by the program with the series of MCS-51 the control of DTMF's token, code width and the interval of code group and the accomplishment of coding/decoding for DTMF token.


Summary Background General hypothermia (deep body temperature <35°C) has been implicated in immersion-related deaths, but many deaths occur too quickly for it to be involved. We investigated changes in swimming capability in cold water to find out whether such changes could lead to swim failure and drowning. M e t h o d s Ten volunteers undertook three self-paced breaststroke swims in a variable-speed swimming flume, in water at 25°C, 18°C, and 10°C, for a maximum of 90 min. During each swim, we measured oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, swim speed and angle, and stroke rate and length. Swim failure was defined as being unable to keep feet off the bottom of the flume. Findings All ten swimmers completed 90 min swims at 25°C, eight completed swims at 18°C, and five at 10°C. In 10°C water, one swimmer reached swim failure after 61 min and four were withdrawn before 90 min with rectal temperatures of 35°C when they were close to swim failure. Swimming efficiency and length of stroke decreased more and rate of stroke and swim angle increased more in 10°C water than in warmer water. These variables seemed to characterise impending swim failure. I n t e r p r e t a t i o n Impaired performance and initial cardiorespiratory responses to immersion probably represent the major dangers to immersion victims. Consequently, treatment should be aimed at symptoms resulting from near-drowning rather than severe h y p o t h e r m i a .


At present, new energy vehicles have developed rapidly, not only occupy a relatively high share in the market, but also increase the demand for related talents.However, according to the analysis of the current automobile professional education system, the automobile market can not be satisfied. Therefore, the automobile professional education should be reformed, and the automobile research center should be set up for the students to have the automobile practice platform. So that new energy vehicles to achieve good development, enhance innovation.


munications have posed a challenge. The first major improvement was the megaphone or speaking trumpet, which allowed an officer with a decent set of lungs to yell orders to firefighters over the din of the fireground. The first truly portable radios were introduced in the early 1960s, and firefighting took on a new dimension. Officers could command the fireground with radios and communicate both with dispatchers and on-scene units. Today the U.S. fire service is quite diverse, from rural volunteer departments to suburban combination departments to huge urban career departments, and each has a unique set of communications needs based on risks encountered on the job and funding available to address those needs. safecom, the Department of Homeland Security's public safety communications and interoperability program, has created a lexicon of the various communications networks. This terminology includes the jurisdictional area network, or the day-to-day radio system that dispatches calls through the radio network within a jurisdiction; incident area network, or on-scene communications; personal area network, which is a firefighter tracked with a pass device, scba monitor, body-vitals reader or portable radio; and extended area network, through which radio dispatchers and chief officers communicate with other cities, counties or state agencies during a large incident that requires mutual aid, regional hazmat teams or other specialized resources. On a day-to-day basis, most departments dispatch on their jan using either trunking or conventional radio systems. Many departments create a fireground ian by switching to a radioto-radio tactical channel that allows on-scene units to communicate with the incident commander, who will talk to both the dispatcher and onscene units using multiple channels, multiple radios or other techniques. Therefore, from the time the 911 call center receives a resident's call SPEECH IMPEDIMENTS While radio capacities differ, the basic issues that challenge fireground communications can be divided into two broad categories: operability and interoperability. By John Facella and Dirk Young FIRE


In recent studies of the formation of molecules in interstellar clouds, Solomon and Klemperer (1972) and Frisch (1972) were able to fit the observed ratios of CH+ and CH densities only with the assumption that the rate of dissociative recombination is extremely small. It is known that the rate for most diatomic molecules is relatively large, with the exception of H2+ and He2+ for which it is anomalously small. The present work explores the possibility that CH+ also has a low recombination rate. However, preliminary calculations yield a large rate of the dissociative recombination process, seemingly necessitating considerable revision of some recent models of interstellar clouds.


The on-line insulation diagnosis technology can diagnose the hydrogenerators with thermal, electric, ambient and mechanical stresses received. The condition based maintenance to which the maintenance management is done by house keeping the hydrogenerators become very important for observing the insulation of hydrogenerator stator windings. In this paper, the AE signals measured by the many AE sensors for a hydrogenerator in 11 kV class were investigated as well as the load current, temperature of stator windings and humidity in on-line measurement. Also, the AE signals were investigated the non-destructive test at off-line measurement. Additionally, the correlation of AE signals and off-line diagnosis was be obtained by doing simultaneous measurement with off-line diagnosis for a 3 kV high voltage motor as a model test. As a result, it was found that the relationship between /spl Delta/ tan /spl delta/ , maximum discharge charge magnitude and intensity of AE signals was recognized for no-destructive test of a hydrogenerator and a high voltage motor. Also, it was found that characteristics for intensity of AE signals at starting operation period was depended on the humidity effect, but they at normal operation period was depended on the coil temperature at on-line measurement.


Introduction. In this study, we have characterized high-frequency and low-frequency oscillations at several stages of olfactory processing under calypsol anesthesia in albino rats. While monitoring the animal's respiration, we also obtained field potentials from the olfactory bulb and piriform (olfactory) cortex and simultaneously recorded membrane potentials in piriform cortex pyramidal cells. Manifestations of the considered specific high-frequency components of electrical activity of rhinencephaly structures, in particular olfactory-amygdala rhythm and high-frequency synchronized activity, are obviously the resultof complex interaction of peripheral and central excitation mechanisms at the level of olfactory bulbs. We believe this finding has important functional as well as evolutionary implications.Purpose. To investigate the temporal dynamics of the manifestations of the phenomena of electrical activity of the olfactory bulb of rats and its changes under calypsol anesthesia.Methods.Stereotactic and electroencephalographic methods, correlation-spectral and coherent analysis of the obtained records of electricalactivity of the brain structures were used to study the bioelectrical activity of olfactory structures of the brain of experimental animals.The work was performed in a chronic experiment on 12 outbred white rats, males weighing 200 g. A premedication cocktail and calypsol at a rate of 25 mg / kg of animal weight were used for anesthesia. Implantation control was carried out according to specific patterns of electrical activity of the studied structures.The bioelectrical activity of the brain of each animal was studied for 10-20 days, followed by morphological control.Results. Olfacto-amygdala rhythm is registered against the background of polymorphic activity on the peak of respiratory waves in the form of spindle-shaped flashes of high-frequency oscillations in the range of 52-95 Hz, variable in amplitude. Simulation of the sustained suppression state of olfacto-amygdala rhythm in rhinencephalic structures was achieved using the technique of transferring animals to a state of deep ketamine (calypsol) anesthesia. This allowed not only to "exclude" flashes of olfactory-amygdala rhythm, but also to significantly suppress the high-frequency components of the spectra of electrical activity of olfactory bulbs, to increase the manifestation of low-frequency components (p <0.01-0.05) and to probably reduce the index of high-frequency waves (р<0.05). ISSN 2076-5835. Вісник Черкаського університету. 2021 No247Deep calypsol anesthesia caused differences in the spectra of electrical activity of olfactory bulbs at different depths of discharge only in terms of the spectral power density of the slow-wave range. At the same time, identical probable (p <0.05) suppression of high-frequency components of electrical activity of olfactory bulbs was observed.Under these conditions, the preservation of high-frequency components of the spectrum (unformed in spindles) in the electrical activity of olfactory bulbs at the border of mitral and granular cells was observed even under conditions of sharp depression of -activity in ECoG and identical dominance of high-amplitude low-frequency oscillations in the amygdala.Originality. The influence of narcotic substances on the dynamics of manifestations of the phenomena of electrical activity of rhinencephalic structures: respiratory waves, olfacto-amygdala rhythm, polymorphic activity, is revealed.Conclusions.It is expedient to use the following amplitude-time patterns for objective characterization of total electrical activityof olfactory structures of rats, whichprobably differ in power-frequency characteristics: polymorphic desynchronized activity, respiratory waves, olfacto-amygdala synchronous rhythm and high-frequency synchronous rhythm.Polymorphic activity is normally represented by low-amplitude oscillations (10-200 μV) in a wide frequency range (10-150 Hz) with a set of dominant extremes. Оlfactory-amygdala rhythmis registered against the background of polymorphic activity on the peak of respiratory waves in the form of spindle-shaped flashes of high-frequency oscillations in the range of 52-95 Hz, variable in amplitude.Experimental modeling of the state of stable suppression of olfacto-amygdala rhythm and high-frequency synchronized activity in the electrical activity of olfactory bulbs (under colipslol / ketamine anesthesia) revealed suppression of manifestations of high-frequency components of the spectrum, indicating the important role of centrifugal effects inthe mechanisms of olfactory rhythm generation.Key words:electrical activity, olfactory bulb, fast oscillations, slow oscillations, excitation, anesthesia


The bottom function-realizing module is a key part of the Common Design Platform(CDP) of Multimedia Simulation and Training System(MSTS) for the Stored Program Controlled Telephone Exchange(SPCTE). Hardware configuration is the foundation of the SPCTE, the important part of the bottom function-realizing module. The modeling of the hardware of the SPCTE is proposed. Two typical SPCTE are used to explain and verify the models. The application of the models in the CDP is also given.


PubMed is a window to the esteemed biomedical citation database MEDLINE, developed at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. The PubMed interface has evolved into a robust system with enhanced search features and is freely available on the Internet. However, to utilize PubMed effectively, the user must understand how to take full advantage of its less than intuitive tools. Each of the PubMed Advanced Search features is described and illustrated with a sample search. Important MEDLINE syntax is explained as well. In addition, elements for best search practices are suggested. Finally, an appendix to online resources for PubMed facts and instruction is provided.


Background and Aims: For the prediction of the prognosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients of cirrhosis, no direct comparisons have been made among the five models, Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification (CTP), the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), the model for end-stage liver disease with the incorporation of serum sodium (MELD-Na), the integrated model for end-stage liver disease (iMELD) score, and the model for end-stage liver disease to sodium (MESO) index. Materials and Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2006, 190 patients who met the criteria for liver cirrhosis with SBP for the first time were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients' clinical and laboratory data were obtained at diagnosis, and the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and 4 MELD-based scores were calculated accordingly. Patients were followed up until November 2009 or until death. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 38.9%. The cumulative 3-month and 6-month mortality rates were 52.6% and 63.1%, respectively. The CTP score and 4 MELD-based model scores could all significantly predict the in-hospital, 3-month, and 6-month mortality. For in-hospital mortality, only iMELD had a significantly higher area under curve (AUC) in comparison with the CTP score (p=0.039), and the other comparisons showed no significant difference. For 3-month and 6-month mortality, all 4 MELD-based models had significantly better prediction abilities than the CTP classification. iMELD had the best AUC, followed by MELD-Na, MESO, and MELD, but there were no statistical differences between them. Conclusions: All of the 4 MELD-based models, iMELD, MELD-Na, MESO, and MELD, have significantly better prediction abilities than the CTP classification on 3-month and 6-month mortality of SBP patients. For the prediction of in-hospital mortality, only iMELD had significantly superior prediction ability over the CTP score.


Based on traditional injection molding process,parameters for UV curing injection molding were studied and the effect of temperature and pressure on the precision of products was analyzed.Overall precision of UV curing products was measured by the average weight of the molded products.In addition,the microstructure was evaluated through comparing the cross section of the products.The experimental indicated that UV curing injection molding was well feasible.


Forensic victimology take evidence-based approaches to help victims to be detached from the trauma, victimization, and stigmatization as well as to reveal the extent of such abuse. The paper points to the victimogenesis of the "pagan people" of north central Nigeria as victims of the Lugardian administration in Nigeria. The position of Lord Lugard from investigations point that he was not misconceived but, aware that the people were victimised. Eliciting for restorative measures is pertinent to restore the "project Nigeria" where there is inclusiveness and sense of belonging. The paper concluded that use of records and archival identity of the people from documents which also suggested the prioritization of remedies that starts with the collation of records and archival resources to exhume the needed evidence that can facilitate the settlement of the people victimized during the Lord Lugard regime to be able to sustain the "project Nigeria". Keywords: Archive: Forensic: People of North Central Nigeria: Records: Victim: Victimology.


PAGE Between 1967 and 1994 the Southern Africa Project of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law became a leader in the anti-apartheid movement in the United States, and South Africa, and assisted in restructuring the constitutions and governments of both Namibia and South Africa. Founded in 1963 at the behest of President John F. Kennedy, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, and Attorney General Robert Kennedy, the Washington, D.C. based Lawyers' Committee gained legitimacy during important civil rights battles before beginning its involvement in southern Africa. The organization proved instrumental during both civil rights struggles in the United States and anti-racist movements abroad. Longtime Southern Africa Project leader Gay Johnson McDougall, an African-American woman and "integrationist baby" who designed new constitutions and election systems in both South Africa and Namibia and accompanied Nelson Mandela to the ballot box in 1994, illustrates the deep connections between global civil rights movements during the late twentieth century. This thesis serves as an organizational history of the Southern Africa Project and biography of McDougall and argues for the inclusion of the important group and individual in historiographies of American civil rights, the Kennedy brothers, anti-apartheid resistance, and legal and gender histories.


This study was carried out to improve student learning in ICT course using a collaborative mobile augmented reality learning application (CoMARLA). This learning application was developed based on the constructivist framework that would engender collaborative learning environment, in which students could learn collaboratively using their mobile phones. The research design was based on the pretest posttest control group design. The dependent variable was students' learning performance after learning, and the independent variables were learning method and gender. Students' learning performance before learning was treated as the covariate. The sample of the study comprised 120 non-IT (non-technical) undergraduates, with the mean age of 19.5. They were randomized into two groups, namely the experimental and control group. The experimental group used CoMARLA to learn one of the topics of the ICT Literacy course, namely Computer System; whereas the control group learned using the conventional approach. The research instrument used was a set of multiple-choice questions pertaining to the above topic. Pretesting was carried out before the learning sessions, and posttesting was performed after 6 hours of learning. Using the SPSS, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was performed on the data. The analysis showed that there were main effects attributed to the learning method and gender. The experimental group outperformed the control group by almost 9%, and male students outstripped their opposite counterparts by as much as 3%. Furthermore, an interaction effect was also observed showing differential performances of male students based on the learning methods, which did not occur among female students. Hence, the tool can be used to help undergraduates learn with greater efficacy when contextualized in an appropriate setting.


A positive answer to the open problem of Iorgulescu on extend weak-R0 algebras and R0 algebras to the non-commutative forms is given. Some properties, the noncommutative forms of the properties in weak-R0 algebras and R0 algebras, are investigated. The simplified axiom systems of weak-pseudo-R0 algebras and pseudo-R0 algebras are obtained.


Background Rush immunotherapy (RIT) with aqueous extracts of aeroallergens is used to research aims but is hardly feasible for routine treatment because of the high rate of adverse reactions. We evaluated the safcty of RIT with aeroallergen extracts in retard preparation. Methods Twenty-thrce patients, 1 3 women and 1 1 men, of age between 18 and 55 years (mean age 37.6 years) were included in the study. They underwent RIT with a schedule in 4 days during hospitalization, based on four increasing doses in the first 3 days and two increasing doses in the 4th day, with a cumulative number of 1 5 injections. RIT was performed in 12 patients with grass pollen, in 6 with house dust mites, in 4 with birch pollen, in one with Parietariu pollen, and in one with Alternaria. Extracts adsorbed on calcium phosphate (PhostalTM) by Stallergenes were used. Results RIT was tolerated with no rcactions in zo of the 23 patients (87%). Three patients developed adverse reactions, all appearing in the 4"' day and consisting in two cases of urticaria and one case of mild asthma. The reactions were associated in two cases with grass pollen and in one case with birch pollen RIT. They were promptly reversed by antihistamines for urticaria and by a betaz-agonist for asthma. The rate of reactions was 1% per patients and 0.86% per iniection. In the patients with reactions the treatment was continued from the last tolerated dose with a conventional schedule with weekly interval, and no more reactions occurred. Conclusions These findings indicate that RIT with aeroallergens in retard preparation during hospitalization is associated with an high rate of tolerance, allowing to reach the therapeutic doses in a few days, with obvious advantages in terms of compliance and less time consume by both patients and physicians. In addition, an earlier clinical benefit in respect to conventional schedules requiring 1 2 1 5 weeks may be attained. 82 1 Effect of specific imrnunotherapy on bronchial reactivity in asthmatic patients


Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complex medical disorder characterized by abnormalities in electrolyte, acid-base, and volume status. Metabolic acidosis in mild and moderate DKA is corrected with insulin therapy. Bicarbonate therapy may be indicated in cases of severe metabolic acidosis, however the use of bicarbonate in severe DKA is controversial due to a lack of prospective randomized studies. Renal replacement therapy can be used for correction of systemic acidemia. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is used in patients who are too hemodynamically unstable to tolerate conventional hemodialysis, but has also been used in treatment of patients with severe DKA. CRRT has never been used previously in DKA patients with refractory metabolic acidosis in Korea. Here, we describe the successful treatment of a DKA patient with refractory metabolic acidosis with CRRT.


When adult male Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) less than 24 hours old were irradiated with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 12.5 krad of gamma irradiation and caged with virgin untreated females, the ability of the treated males to mate and transfer eupyrene sperm appeared to be unaffected, but fertility was reduced. Survival of the immature stages of the F1 progeny was significantly decreased at all doses to P1 males, and the sex ratio of the F1 generation was significantly skewed in favor of males except at the lowest dose. When adult F1 males and females were outcrossed to untreated mates or crossed with unrelated F1 adults, the F1 males mated but often failed to transfer normal quantities of eupyrene sperm; this effect was related to the dose received by the P1 male. Thus, fertility of the F1 males and females was significantly less than that of the controls, at all doses to the P1 male above 2.5 krad. At doses of 7.5 krad and above, the F1 males mated more often than the controls. In control programs that produced partial sterility in irradiated males, thus introducing conditional lethal mutations into native population, doses below 7.5 krad should be considered, because at higher doses lack of sperm transfer and lower fertility of the F1 males would not favor the incorporation of the released genotype into the native population.


A number of new low cost and high performance sensors are being made using silicon. These sensors are based on a collection of photolithographic and silicon wafer fabrication techniques borrowed from the integrated circuit industry that have been combined with new processes and structures to form a technology generally known as silicon micromachining. The result has been devices suitable for measuring such parameters as pressure, strain, acceleration or motion, and chemical concentration in markets ranging from medical through industrial, military aerospace, consumer and automotive. In many of these new markets, the precision or performance of traditional instrument grade parts is required in substantially high production volume and much lower cost. Silicon batch fabrication meets this requirement.


Ballistic fractures of the humerus secondary to gunshot wounds are increasingly common injuries that pose challenges for orthopedic surgeons. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the rates of neurovascular injury, compartment syndrome, and infection of ballistic humerus fractures relative to blunt, non-penetrating fractures. A consecutive cohort of 135 patients with ballistic humerus fractures and 167 patients with blunt humerus fractures treated at a level 1 trauma center were identified. A review of patient medical records and radiographic studies was performed to obtain demographic information, injury mechanism, fracture location, choice of treatment, and complications. Statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and odds ratios ( p < 0.05 significance). Compared with blunt fractures, patients in the ballistic fracture cohort were younger, male, African American, test positive for illicit drug use, and sustain proximal fractures. Ballistic fractures had significantly lower Injury Severity Scores and New Injury Severity Scores. Ballistic fractures were three times as likely to present with neurovascular injury than blunt fractures (OR: 2.927, p < 0.001). The overall rate of spontaneous recovery of significant motor function for ballistic fractures with neurologic injury was 55%. There were no statistically significant differences in rates of vascular injury, compartment syndrome, infection, non-union, or the need for soft tissue reconstruction. Compared with blunt humeral fractures, ballistic fractures appear to have a significantly higher rate of neurologic injury but no increased risk for compartment syndrome or infection. Surgical treatment of ballistic humeral injuries was not associated with increased neurological recovery compared to non-operatively managed fractures.


"But was it real Dr. Morse", asked Chris A. He had just described to me what he remembered of nearly dying in a car accident in which his family car veered off a bridge on an icy road and plunged into a river 40 feet below. His father was killed on impact and his mother managed to smash the windshield of the car and swim up to safety. Chris was seat belted in the back seat. He was ultimately freed from the car by citizens who witnessed the accident, was flown by helicopter to Harborview Hospital in Seattle, Washington where after being in profound coma for three days, he made a full recovery.


Objective To explore the association between the AR gene CAG-STR polymorphism and the metabolic syndrome(MS) in Han nationality in China.Methods Four hundred men aged 60-90 yr were selected.Their serum lipids,fasting glucose and fasting insulin were measured,and their body height,weight,waist circumference and blood pressure were assessed.The length of CAG repeats in the peripheral blood AR gene was examined by PCR.Results The numbers of CAG repeats ranged from 16-38,with mean value 23.1.The mean body mass index(BMI) ,waist circumference and fasting glucose in the men with short AR(SAR) group was significantly higher than that in the men with long AR(LAR) group(P0.05) ,but HDL in SAR group is significantly lower than that in the LAR group(P0.01) .The prevalence of MS in the two groups has no significantly difference(χ2=2.955,P=0.086) .Correlation analysis showed the numbers of CAG repeats positively correlated with serum levels of HDL(r=0.304,P0.0001) ,which independent of the influence of age,blood pressure,waist hip ratio,waist circumference,lipid,fasting glucose,fasting insulin,HOMA-IR and sex hormones level(partial r=0.3056,P0.0001) .Conclusions Fewer CAG repeats are associated with lower HDL,but do not increase the risk of MS incidence.


This paper proposes a novel lip-syncing module for the transcreation of lecture videos from English to Indian languages. The audio from the lecture is transcribed using automatic speech recognition. The text is translated and manually curated before and after translation to avoid mistakes. The curated text is synthesized using the Indian language end-to-end-based text-to-speech synthesis systems. The synthesized audio and video are out-of-sync. This paper attempts to automate this process of producing video lectures lip-synced into Indian languages using different techniques. Lip-syncing an educational video with the Indian language audio is challenging owing to (a) the duration of Indian language audio being considerably longer or shorter than that of the original audio, (b) the extempore speech causes the audio in the source videos to have long silences. Any modification to the speed of audio can be unpleasant to listeners. The proposed system non-uniformly re-samples the video to ensure better lip-syncing. The novelty of this paper is in the use of HMM-GMM alignments in tandem with syllable segmentation using group delay, as visemes are closer to syllables. The proposed lip-syncing techniques are evaluated using subjective evaluation methods. Results indicate that accurate alignment at the syllable level is crucial for lip-syncing.


In this paper a characterisation of the regularity of a normed algebra A is given in terms of retractions onto A** from A4*. The second dual A** of a normed algebra A possesses two natural Banach algebra multiplications, say ° and *. Each of ° and * extends the original algebra multiplication on A; see (2). An algebra A is called regular if and only if F * G = F ° G for all F, G ∈ A**. See (1). The existing results in the Arens regularity theory can be found in a recent survey (2). Denoting the nth dual of A by An*, and en the natural embedding of An* in its second dual A(n+2)*, we can naturally represent the second dual A** of A as a Banach space retract of A4* in two different ways: Our main results say that A** is in fact a Banach algebra retract of A4* (i.e. the maps involved are homomorphisms) in either of these cases if and only if A is regular.


ABSTRACT
 The effect of different aluminium-oxygen concentration products at the start of deoxidation on the evolution of alumina-based inclusions in high carbon Al-killed steels during the ladle refining process was investigated. Results showed that the higher aluminium-oxygen concentration product at the start of deoxidation, the higher area fraction and the number density of large-sized inclusions before the slag melting, then clustered alumina-based inclusions gradually became ripening. Thermodynamic equilibrium results indicated that initial contents of the [O] were 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm in the molten steel, then contents of the [O] at the final reaction equilibrium were 4.6, 4.9, 5.8 and 9.5 ppm, respectively. The relationship between oversaturation and size of Al2O3 inclusions showed that the larger the critical radius of nucleus, the lower the oversaturation. Meanwhile, the evolution mechanism of alumina-based inclusions during the LF refining process was also revealed.


: Transition of the financial market megaregulator from moderately tough policy to neutral policy, expressed, in particular, in the reduction of the key rate, leads to a decrease in the net interest margin of commercial banks. To neutralize this process, it is necessary not to rely on market conditions, unstable factors, many of which led to the formation of record financial results of the Russian banking sector in 2016-2017, but to rely on the fundamental prerequisites and key changes in the banking business. We are talking about the introduction of innovative solutions during implementation of business processes that allow better control of risks. The paper proposes a new risk-oriented model of Bank lending to corporate clients recommended for use in credit institutions.


Spectral-efficient 40-Gb/s discrete multitone transmission over 100m of graded-index plastic optical fiber is experimentally demonstrated by intensity-modulation of a 10-GHz DFB-laser (1302nm) and direct-detection with a 25-µm large diameter photodetector.


Driving fatigue is an important cause of traffic accidents. Numerous researchers have investigated the relation between fatigue and eye indicators. Most research just focuses on comparing eye indicators between awake and fatigue, but driver fatigue is a gradually accumulated procedure, and different fatigue states have different indicators and different effects on driving safety. This study was undertaken to find the rules of eye indicators changing when the driver was under different fatigue. Based on the Tongji 8 degree of freedom Driving Simulator, 15 eye indicator samples were collected using the Smart Eye, and the driver's fatigue was divided into five levels, including awake, mild fatigue, moderate fatigue, severe fatigue and extreme fatigue. The results showed that all eye indicators increased slightly before the drivers enter a mild fatigue state. While up to severe fatigue, PERCLOS, variable coefficient of pupil diameter and blink duration increased significantly, but blink frequency decreased slightly.


Background Respiratory motion is known to deteriorate positron emission tomography (PET) images and may lead to potential diagnostic errors when a standardized uptake value (SUV) cut-off threshold is used to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions. Purpose To evaluate and compare ungated and respiratory-gated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) methods for the characterization of pulmonary nodules. Material and Methods The list-mode acquisition during respiratory-gated PET was combined with a short breath-hold CT scan to form the CT-based images. We studied 48 lesions in 43 patients. PET images were analyzed in terms of the maximum SUV (SUVmax) and the lesion location. Results Using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the optimal SUV cut-off thresholds for the ungated and CT-based methods were calculated to be 2.0 and 2.2, respectively. The corresponding sensitivity values were 83% and 92%, respectively, with a specificity of 67% for both methods. The two methods gave equivalent performance levels for the upper and middle lobes (sensitivity 93%, specificity 62%). They differed for the lower lobes, where the CT-based method outperformed the ungated method (sensitivity values of 90% and 70%, respectively, and a specificity of 73% with both methods) – especially for lesions smaller than 15 mm. Conclusion The CT-based method increased sensitivity and did not diminish specificity, compared with the ungated method. It was more efficient than the ungated method for imaging the lower lobes and smallest lesions, which are most affected by respiratory motion.


Against the backdrop of a rethinking of national frameworks for local economic development (LED) in South Africa, this article examines the changing international environment which impacts upon the framing of LED policy and practice. Six major themes are extracted from recent international research and evolving policy debates about LED to capture the essential contemporary directions and core issues from the international experience which need to be taken into consideration in reframing LED in South Africa. The identified themes are the continued relevance of LED in a changing world economy, the positive potential role of the local developmental state, recognizing the positive development impacts that can arise from the adoption of LED strategies, the challenge of planning informal economies, building local competitiveness, and of the greening of LED strategies.


To the Editor: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common malignancy groups diagnosed in children. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) accounts for approximately 30% of NHL diagnoses.1 Primary hepatic lesions, however, are exceedingly rare in children with only a handful of cases described in the literature (Table S1).2–7 Here we describe the clinical course of a child diagnosed with primary hepatic Burkitt lymphoma (PHBL). A 5-year-old previously well male presented to the emergency department with a 12-day history of abdominal pain and fatigue. Physical examination revealed nontender hepatomegaly with the liver edge palpable 10 cm below the right costal margin. There was no associated lymphadenopathy and he was otherwise asymptomatic. Bloodwork performed on admission showed a mild transaminitis with no signs of synthetic liver dysfunction. Uric acid was elevated at 560 μmol/L and lactate dehydrogenase was markedly elevated at 2747 U/L. A complete blood count revealed a mild normocytic anemia (hemoglobin 99 g/L) but was otherwise unremarkable. Computed tomography (CT) of the liver revealed innumerable large, hypoattenuating lesions involving the entire liver, with the largest lesion measuring approximately 7.3 × 6.7 × 6.1 cm (Figure 1A). Multiple small hypodense nodules involving both kidneys were foundwith no adrenal involvement. Bilateral bone marrow aspirates and biopsies, and cerebrospinal fluid were unremarkable. An ultrasound-guided liver biopsy demonstrated intermediate-sized neoplastic cells with abundant mitotic and apoptotic forms and an absence of normal liver parenchyma. Admixed macrophages demonstrated a characteristic "starry-sky" appearance. On immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells showed positivity for CD20, CD10, C-MYC, BCL6, and PAX5 markers as well as over 90% Ki67 proliferation index. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of the C-MYC rearrangement, confirming the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma. The patient was risk stratified as stage III Group B and began chemotherapy as per the COG ANHL1131 protocol (Protocol Inter-BNHL Ritux 2010) with COP prephase (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone).8 He demonstrated good response at his day 7 reassessment with a reduction in size of his hepatic lesions by more than 50% and therefore continued with Group B treatment with the addition of rituximab.8 This treatment consisted of two induction courses of RCOPADM (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin, methotrexate 3 g/m2) and a single consolidation course of R-CYM (rituximab, cytarabine, methotrexate 3 g/m2). CT imaging performed after the consolidation course demonstrated persistent liver lesions (Figure 1B). He was therefore upgraded to the Group C1 treatment arm. He received two consolidation courses of R-CYVE (rituximab, cytarabine, etoposide), and two maintenance courses: M1 (vincristine, prednisone, methotrexate 8 g/m2, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, triple intrathecal), and M2 (cytarabine, etoposide). A positron emission tomography (PET) scan at the completion of therapy showed no signs of active disease. CT imaging demonstrated regression of hepatic lesions (Figure 1C). The patient's treatment course was complicated by three uneventful admissions for febrile neutropenia. At 8 months post therapy completion, the patient required intravenous immunoglobulin replacement for recurrent hypogammaglobulinemia in the context of frequent viral upper respiratory tract infections. One year following completion of chemotherapy, he remained clinically well and disease-free with two persisting stable hepatic lesions. Pediatric PHBL is exceptionally rare, only having been described six times in the literature (Table S1).Most casesof pediatricPHBL in the literature had nonspecific presentations including abdominal distension, low-grade fever, and weight loss. In only one case did the child present as clinically unwell with signs of liver failure.6 All patients have been male with significant hepatomegaly and liver involvement on imaging despite a symptomatic period of less than 2 weeks. This timeline reflects the aggressive nature of BL with evolution from asymptomatic to obvious abdominal distention.9 We initially suspected a diagnosis of neuroblastoma given the patient's age, liver involvement, and normal AFP levels.4 Despite the significant hepatic involvement, all but one of the cases in the literature had normal synthetic liver function and either normal liver enzymes or amild transaminitis. This suggests that despite a high burden of disease in the liver, function is not significantly impaired for themajority of presentations in PHBL. This is reassuring, as adult data suggest worse outcomes for NHL presenting with liver failure.10 This is the first reported case of rituximab being used in the management of pediatric PHBL. Rituximab has been shown to improve survival rates for children with BL and is now included in the Children Oncology Group's protocol for mature B-cell NHL.8,11,12 Our review of the literature demonstrates favorable outcomes for pediatric PHBL. In our review, the only death reported was in a child who did not survive to begin treatment and whose diagnosis of PHBL was madepost-mortem.3 Theother patientswere treated successfullywith chemotherapy (Table S1). Therewas variability in how long liver lesions persisted following treatment initiation, ranging from 1.5 months to over a year in those studies that reported long-term follow-up.2,4 In our


The brain electric activity mapping (BEAM) method was used for diagnostic purposes in patients who revealed the episodic paroxysmal activity in electroencephalographic records. The spectral features of brain spontaneous activity in the absence of the seizures demonstrated the topography similar to the seizure wave front propagation pathways observed in dynamic potential mapping. The cortical areas characterized by the increased ability to generate slow waves at certain frequencies revealed at the same time tendency for epileptic activity generation. The neuronal mechanism involved seems to be of resonance character as this correspondence is not observed when the power density distribution averaged in classical EEG frequency bands is analysed.


Due to the inadequacy of public transport and high critical level of congestion in Jakarta Metropolita n Area (JMA), implementing sustainable transport for urban future transport improvement is necessary. Critica l transport situation in JMA have arisen the importan ce of implementation integrated transport system to increase people accessibility. Therefore, this rese arch is conducted to identify strategic issue in in tegrated transport system at operational and policy level to wards sustainable mobility, transport equity and do or t door service. According to research aim, author use s explanatory case study to build an understanding about current situation. Result of the research indicates , integrated transport system is not fully implemen ted yet and it found a lot of missing links and barriers in integrated transport system attributes. Moreover, transportation planning at national to local level is not synchronous which has impacted to the implementation of integrated transport.


Body-section radiography has been employed as an adjunct to visceral radiography by many workers. In the recent literature such a combination has been reported with various procedures utilizing contrast substances (1-4). In the course of investigations with a new cholecystographic agent, "Cholografin" (Squibb), it became apparent that the presence of confusing shadows in the right upper abdomen, produced by overlying feces and gas, could be eliminated by the use of body-section technics. Body-section cholangiograms illustrating this effect have been exhibited (5, 6), and the procedure was mentioned in an earlier publication (7). Results in early cases proved so favorable that planigraphy became rou tine in intravenous cholangiographic studies at the Long Island College Hospital. Procedure The examination is performed on the planigraphic table so that, as the concentration within the duct system approaches maximum, usually at forty minutes or thereabout, planigraphy of the right upper quadrant is begun. Si...


This paper aims at looking through the trend of social media marketing in order to have an insight of its financial performances as an industry. The work is primarily based on investigation of financial statements, which takes the approach of in-depth financial analysis of the 2010-11 global market leader Aegis Group Plc, and then benchmarking with its competitor WPP Plc. Comparative examination of financial ratios are carried out to understand the financial behaviours of the two world leading digital marketers. Beside general evaluations, the paper also discusses the findings along with what is available to learn about the industry, which finally helps throw light on some limitations encountered through the work as well as some general recommendations based on the findings.


Results of field tests of a new biological product "Azolen", as the biological fertilizer intended for increase of efficiency of a spring wheat, acceleration of growth and development of plants and suppression of ability to live pathogens, causing defeat by illnesses are presented in the paper. The examinee a biological product has shown high efficiency on a spring wheat, increasing productivity on 14.4 % and raising resistibility of culture to various diseases.


The paper explains the concept of software bus. By contrasting three distributed object technologies, CORBA, COM/DCOM and EJB, we select CORBA as the standard for developing software bus. The paper describes CORBA architecture and features and discusses the process of using CORBAbased middleware product for domain application software development. Finally the trend for development of distributed object technology standard is educed.


Feeding fattening pigs a feed additive which contains as an active ingredientactive folic acid (in the form of leucovorin, H-folic acid, a liver powder, disrupted cells of a microor ganism or a cell extract of a microorganism), or a feed for fattening pigs and lactating sows which contains such an additive, either directly orally or via breast milk, is effective for increasing the amount of a reduced form of folic acid in the plasma of the fattening pigs and improving the efficiency of fattening.


Collective self-consumption and renewable energy communities (RECs) have gained global attention due to increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the power system and rising concerns of consumers in the electricity market. The determination of the renewable generation potential in a zone becomes a relevant input for planning purposes. This paper presents the platform being developed by the research team to automatically assess the solar power and yearly energy that can be produced in any given area. The platform combines manual selection with geographic information system (GIS) based methods and incorporates satellite solar radiation data. A case study applied at Las Palmas Port in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) resulted on the definition of 342,020 m2 of suitable surfaces for PV panels that could be used to generate 70.81 MWp, capable of producing 113.351 GWh per year.


Recently a quantization and fusion scheme was proposed and analyzed for the distributed detection of an unknown signal in noise. The scheme is a modified version of the counting rules and can either be thought of as a feedback of the fusion decision to the local sensors or in terms of multiple partitioning of the observation space. The proposed quantization and fusion scheme is more robust than the counting rules and performs reasonably well in most configurations of the alternative hypothesis. In this paper we consider the unknown signal detection problem as a hypothesis testing problem with unrestricted alternatives and compare the performance of the scheme with that of the Pearson's Chi-square test.


Cellular responsiveness or susceptibility to oestrogens is believed to be mediated via intracellular receptors – the classical way in which steroid hormones act. Until the recent identification of a second nuclear oestrogen receptor (ER-β) (Kuiper et al., 1996; Mosselman et al., 1996; Tremblay et al., 1997), the only known nuclear receptor with oestrogen as the ligand was oestrogen receptor α (ER-α). Moreover, a membrane-associated oestrogen receptor has been described (Watson et al., 1995). Thus, the physiological roles and mechanisms of oestrogens are complex. The distribution of nuclear oestrogen receptors in the reproductive organs of the fetal and adult mouse has been described previously. However, these studies have limitations in histological interpretation as a result of the use of either autoradiography (Stumpf et al., 1980; Schleicher et al., 1984; Holderegger and Keefer, 1986; Cooke et al., 1991) or frozen sections (Greco et al., 1991, 1992). Furthermore, these studies do not discriminate between ER-α and ER-β. During recent years, reports of immunohistochemical investigations on ER-α and ER-β expression in several tissues of fetal and adult rats, including the gonads and their associated sex ducts, have appeared (Fisher et al., 1997; Hess et al., 1997a; Saunders et al., 1997, 1998; Hiroi et al., 1999). However, none of these studies include a thorough investigation of the expression during sexual differentiation of fetal gonads and sex ducts, the period when such tissue may be susceptible to hormonal exposure. Therefore, the present study aims to present a detailed ontogenetic description of ER-α in gonadal tissue and sex ducts during sexual differentiation and further development to birth.


The groundwater quality of District Hardwar in the state of Uttaranchal (India) has been assessed to see the suitability of groundwater for domestic use. Forty-eight groundwater samples from shallow and deep aquifers were collected each during pre- and postmonsoon seasons during the year 2002. Various water quality constituents, pH, conductance, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, fluoride, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms were determined. The data were analyzed with reference to BIS and WHO standards, and hydrochemical facies were determined. The concentration of total dissolved solids exceeded the desirable limit of 500 mg/L in about 25% of the samples analyzed, but the values were well within the maximum permissible limit of 2000 mg/L. The alkalinity exceeded the desirable limit of 200 mg/L in about 50% of the samples, but these were also within the maximum permissible limit of 600 mg/L. From the hardness viewpoint, about 80–85% of the samples were within the desirable limits. One sample of the study area exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 100 mg/L for nitrate. Other constituents such as chloride, sulphate, and fluoride were within the desirable limits. The bacteriological analysis of the groundwater samples indicated bacterial contamination in about 40% of the samples analyzed. Inadequate maintenance of hand pumps, improper sanitation, and unhygienic conditions around the structure may be responsible for bacterial contamination in groundwater of the region and is a cause of concern. It is recommended that the water drawn from such sources be properly disinfected before being used for drinking and other domestic purposes. The grouping of samples according to their hydrochemical facies indicates that all the samples of the study area fall under Ca–Mg–HCO3 hydrochemical facies.

Keywords:

groundwater quality;
hydrochemical facies;
Chadha's diagram;
bacterial contamination


This study aimed to identify and analysed forest ecotourism objects in Suligi Hill, Kecamatan Kabun, Rokan Hulu. Indonesia. The locations and respondents was nominated by using purposive sampling method. Respondents consisted of local people, tourists, tourism businesses, and stakeholders. The collected data was associated with the concept of 4A (attraction, amenity, accessibility, and ancillary service) and SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat) analysed, WTA (willing to accept) and WTP (willing to pay), and descriptive potential analysis ecotourism economy. Ecotourism in Suligi Hill categorised as adventure, conservation and education tourism. Some ecotourism objects were named as; Suligi Hill, Puti Maifat Peak, Ranah Peak, Sikubin Waterfall, Dayang Baso Waterfall, Tirtan Waterfall, Macan Cave, and Garuda Cave. Suligi Hill is potential to develop as forest ecotourism area. It is necessary to improve the facilities and infrastructure access to each place of the ecotourism object. Ecotourism management must involve professionals as the main actors and then supported by local ecotourism actors.


A study of the effects of food components on Clostridium perfringens growth indicated that the addition of D-glucose to sodium caseinate or to isolated soy protein greatly extended the lag phase of growth. A final concentration of 10 g glucose per liter in a sodium caseinate medium containing NaCl, K2HPO4, Na2SO4, and sodium thioglycollate increased the lag time of C. perfringens strain S40 to 3.5 h compared to 2 h for the control with no glucose, Growth was determined by colony count or absorbance (650 nm) measurement, or both. Addition of Trypticase (2 g/1) or Fe++, Ca++, or Mg++ cations (1 mM) relieved the glucose inhibition. Similar inhibition by glucose was also observed when amino acids replaced sodium caseinate and the amount of cations was controlled by adding low levels or by adding EDTA. Other sugars tested did not give this inhibitory effect. The extent of the lag time varied with glucose concentration or with level of the cell inoculum. There was a direct linear relationship between the molecu...


A method for processing a liquorice extract containing 4-20 % glycyrrhizic acid and 10-40 % dry matter, in particular to enable glycyrrhizin and a glycyrrhizin-free juice to be recovered after a step in which the extract is acidified and the acid glycyrrhizin is separated by precipitation. The method comprises a step of electrodialysing the glycyrrhizin-free juice to lower the mineral salt content thereof. The extract acidification step may also be performed by electrodialysis.


Stochastic weather generators are widely used to produce large ensembles of climate time series for assessing risk-based environmental impacts. However, they often perform poorly at generating extreme values since the fitting of traditionally used distribution functions is limited by short historical records. In such cases, extreme values are generated by extrapolating the fitted distributions far outside of observations, and can result in values outside of the physically possible range. This work uses a curve-fitting approach constrained on the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) to allow for the generation of realistic precipitation over the entire range of daily precipitation amounts. The method differs from the traditional parametric approach which assumes that the daily precipitation follows a specific probability distribution. Instead, the curve-fitting approach uses a second-degree polynomial to fit the Weibull experimental frequency distribution of observed daily precipitation. In this process, the PMP is specifically represented with its associated probability of occurrence, thus ensuring the realistic representation of extreme precipitation events. The proposed algorithm is compared to three distribution functions (of varied complexity) for simulating daily precipitation amounts at 35 stations dispersed across central and southern Quebec, Canada. The curve-fitting approach is presented in two versions: with and without constraint on the PMP. The results show that compound distribution functions perform better than their single distribution counterparts at representing the overall distribution of daily precipitation amounts, especially when simulating the upper tail. The unconstrained curve-fitting approach consistently performs better than all of the distribution functions with respect to preserving the statistical characteristics (e.g., mean, standard deviation and overall distribution) of daily precipitation amounts. Constraining the second-degree polynomial to the PMP is an effective way to generate the entire range of daily precipitation amounts with no risk of generating physically impossible values for events with extremely small probability. However, its overall performance is slightly less than that of its unconstrained counterpart.


This is a review of the theoretical development of the concept of racism. From its 1960s activist roots, the concept lost its theoretical content in its 1970s popularization. Now racism describes virtually anything having to do with racial conflict. The concept is reintroduced and used to analyze the post-1970s race relations propositions. The declining significance of race, symbolic racism, color-blind racism, and unconscious racism missed the structural regressions brought on by the "southern strategy" to mask indirect and covert ways to continue racial oppression. As a result, the new Jim Crow was missed in race relations since the 1980s. A reconsideration of the theory of racism calls for a strategic approach to race relations research. Research should focus on the etiology of racism among European Americans and the central role played by White elites and the media in maintaining historic cultural and institutional arrangements.


Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems is becoming widely popular among the PV based energy generation technologies in the current scenario. The BIPV array power output depends on two prime parameters: solar irradiation and atmospheric temperature that always vary. Hence, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are mandatory to track maximum power output from the BIPV array. The main target of this research article is to perform a comprehensive performance analysis among three different MPPT techniques/algorithms such as perturb and observe (P&O), incremental-conductance (INC), and fuzzy-logic control (FLC) for BIPV systems in varying solar irradiations. The comprehensive study infers that the P&O technique is preferable owing to its most minor complexity and economical friendly characteristics. In moderate complexity and high accuracy INC technique is proven to be the best. FLC technique has come out as the appropriate one in the high complexity and high accuracy along with high efficiency of tracking MPP in comparatively lesser transient time.


A new actinopterygian fish Yaomoshania minutosquama gen. & sp. nov., from the Upper Permian of the Dzungaria [Junggar] Basin in China is described. The material consists of two very fragmentary specimens showing almost exclusively scale rows. The arrangement of the scale rows of the holotype resembles the reversion lines of acanthodian caudal fins and of cheirolepids. The size and shape of the scales, and the diminishing size of the scales along the rows, is similar to those of acanthodians and those actinopterygians with small scales such as Cheirolepis. However, the histology of the scales demonstrates features that are found in more advanced actinopterygians: superimposed ganoine lamellae, the arrangement of dentine tubules and pulp canals, buried odontodes stacked on each other to make the ornamental ridges, and an asymmetric pattern of growth achieved by extensive remodelling (resorption and redeposition) of all layers of the scale. Yaomoshania minutosquama is proposed as a small-scale bearing, basal actinopterygian, different from Cheirolepis, but characterized by advanced histological characters.


Abstract Effective language use is a dynamic construct which reveals the consciousness of an intellectual attribute of an individual. It is also an important concept which is the criterion to the processes of education and human empowerment. Education, empowerment, competence, capacity building, knowledge and good citizenship on the other hand are fundamental to individual growth, competitive performance, economic and professional growth of individuals in modern nations and in this globalized economy. These concepts are interdependent. Thus, this paper affirms that effective use of English will be a better option for education, which consequently aids human empowerment, competency, capacity and knowledge building and good citizenship in Nigeria.


Efavirenz is an oral non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used as a part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Thirty Wistar Rats of weight 140 g–192 g were used for the study. The rats were divided into six treatment groups. Control (group) A were administered with 1 ml of distil water; group B were administered with 8.57mg/kg body weight of Efavirenz ; group C were administered with Double dose of 17.14 mg/kg body weight of Efavirenz; group D were administered with Triple dose of 25.71 mg/kg body weight of Efavirenz; group E were administered with 8.57mg/kg body weight of Efavirenz and 14.82 mg/kg body weight of Vitamin E; and group F were administered with 14.82 mg/kg body weight of Vitamin E. drug administration lasted for 32 days. The animals were handled according to the guidelines for the treatment of laboratory animals. On the 33rd day, the rats were sacrificed using chloroform inhalation method. The hippocampi were excised, routinely processed, stained using haematoxylin and eosin method, and viewed in DPX medium under light microscope. Findings revealed that the percentage change in body weight was higher in rats treated with EFV and approximately normal in rats treated with a combination of EFV and Vitamin E when compared with the control animals. The hippocampus of Wistar rats administered with efavirenz, showed distortions and neurodegeneration in the cell layers; the pyramidal cells were shrunken with various degree of vacoulations. In the group where efavirenz was combined with viamen E this changes were slightly ameliorated. The cells of the polymorphic (PM) pyramidal and molecular (M) layers appeared normal in the control groups A and group F. Efavirenz administration can damage the hippocampus. Vitamin E has the potential of ameliorating this effect. Therefore, Vitamin E should be prescribed for patients on efavirenz administration. © 2015 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015; 5(3): 192-198 193 greater risk for adverse effects from efavirenz due to decreased drug clearance [7]. Most antiviral agents do not efficiently penetrate the blood brain barrier or are actively transported out of the central nervous system. Hence, even after antiviral treatment that successfully controls virus in the treatment compartments, the central nervous system may suffer continuing damage induced by HIV infection. Efavirenz is one of the HAART agents that can penetrate the central nervous system and spinal fluids with a capacity to strongly inhibit multi-drug resistant proteins [8-14]. Thus, efavirenz has emerged as cornerstone of most HIV regimens [15]. The following nervous system disorders have been reported with the use of efavirenz; abnormal dreams, disturbance in attention, dizziness, headache, insomnia, somnolence, agitation, amnesia, ataxia, epilepsy, abnormal coordination, confusional state, convulsions, and abnormal thinking [4, 16-18]. It is known that efavirenz has the potential to cause toxicity in the central nervous system, but this is yet to be elucidated [19]. In cellular necrosis, the rate of progression depends on the severity of the environmental insults. The prime candidates for inducing the massive cell destruction observed in neurodegeneration are neurotoxins. These may be substances present in small amounts in the environment, or even naturally occurring chemicals such as glutamate used by the brain as transmitter's substances. The latter when present at a critical level can be toxic to the brain cells in which they normally excite [20]. Prolonged administration of efavirenz has been reported to cause toxic effects on the lateral geniculate body [4]. Less common side-effects of efavirenz include headache, alcohol intolerance, fever, aches, pains and fatigue, fluid retention in the hands and feet, dry mouth, elevated lipid levels, pancreatitis, skin problems, asthma and changes to vision and taste. Interestingly, reports of lipid elevations have included rises in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or 'good' cholesterol, particularly in people with a genetic polymorphism in the multidrug resistance gene [21, 22]. However, levels of total cholesterol also increase, resulting in a small net increase in the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol [23]. This study also found that efavirenz causes elevations in triglyceride levels. Vitamin E is the collective name for a group of fat-soluble compounds with distinctive antioxidant activities [24]. Naturally occuring Vitamin E exists in eight different forms: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol; and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienol. Although tocopherols and tocotrienols are available from the diet, alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans [24]. The liver metabolizes and excretes the other vitamin E forms but preferentially resecretes alphatocopherol via the hepatic alpha-tocopherol transfer protein. As a result, blood and cellular concentrations of other forms of vitamin E are lower than those of alphatocopherol. Vitamin E has many biological functions, the antioxidant function being the most important and best known. Other functions include enzymatic activities, gene expression, and neurological function(s) [24]. Another important function of vitamin E has been suggested in cell signaling. Some studies have suggested that tocotrienols have specialized roles in protecting neurons from damage [25] and cholesterol reduction. Oral consumption of tocotrienols is also thought to protect against strokeassociated brain damage. There is some evidence that allrac alpha-tocopherol (man-made vitamin E) is effective for slowing cognitive function decline in people with moderately severe Alzheimer's disease. This study therefore was designed to investigate the effect of combined administration of Vitamin E and efavirenz on the histology of the hippocampus of Wistar rats.


The research described centers on the possible activities of complement in neural tissues. Activation of the complement cascade will generate the pharmacologically potent anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, cleavage peptides of C3 and C5, respectively. Their actions depend on a carboxyterminal arginine, and they are inactivated by a carboxypeptidase in serum, yielding the desarginated derivatives C3ai and C5ai. Using well‐characterized eating and drinking responses to focal chemical stimulation of hypothalamic sites in the rat, we have shown that immune complex formation elicits consummatory behaviors which mimic the responses to norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). We have also shown these effects to be complement dependent. C5a was found to stimulate eating, similar to the effect of NE, and C3a was found to mimic the effect of DA, potentiating NE‐induced eating or carbachol‐induced drinking. C5a has been shown to act presynaptically to modulate endogenous catecholamine function. In this study 125‐C3a binding to a refined synaptosome preparation reveals a C3a binding site which is completely inhibited by C3ai. We also show that the psychopharmacological action of C3a is also antagonized by C3ai. These studies demonstrate the presence of anaphylatoxin‐sensitive sites in the perisynaptic membrane systems of the rat CNS. They also suggest that the anaphylatoxins could mediate or contribute to the neuropsychiatric disorders often seen in immune complex disease.


Non-destructive testing (NDT) of aircraft parts has become increasingly important in improving the safety and reliability of the aerospace industry, especially in the testing of high-temperature and high-pressure turbine engine parts. Among the various types of NDT methods available, luorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) is comparably more cost-eicient and is widely used in NDT on aircraft parts. However, current FPI still requires considerable labour forces in its processing, inspection and analysis procedures. In this paper, we have developed an advanced automatic inspection system (AAIS) that uses image processing and pattern recognition techniques to aid human inspectors. The system can automatically detect, measure and classify discontinuities from the FPI images of aircraft parts. Tests have been performed on the sample images provided by our industrial partners to evaluate our developed AAIS. The test results demonstrate that the developed system has signiicantly improved the eiciency of FPI with satisfactory accuracy.


In this paper,we maily discussed the concept and significance of nutrient resorption and its measure indices, contrasted the difference of nutrient resorption between growth forms too.We also analysed the relationship between nutrient resorption and soil nutrient availability.In the conclusion,we evaluated synthetically the difference between nutrient resorption-efficiency and nutrient-resorption proficiency.


This note considers linear systems subject to actuator satura- tion. An antiwindup technique is used to enlarge the domain of attraction of the closed-loop system under an a priori designed linear dynamic feed- back law. The design of the antiwindup compensation gain is formulated and solved as an iterative optimization problem with LMI constraints. Nu- merical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique.


Aims. Presence and effective measures of therapeutic cadre and paramedics is one of the important factors that if done timely and with specified program and science can prevent many damages, preserve soldiers' morale and prevent complications. Undoubtedly making correct clinical decisions, design in stressful situations, order of data and information and appropriate use of theoretic and practical educations are of paramedics' responsibilities, which have been studied in this research. Methods. This investigation is a descriptive cross-sectional study. According to study subject, questionnaires were prepared and disposed to 50 paramedics who were present at war. Obtained data were analyzed and assessed according to study goals with SPSS statistical software. Results. In recognition field, paramedics diagnosed 70% of abdominal lacerations to need emergency interventions. In transfer field, 50% of paramedics' answers about therapeutic cares for sharp abdominal traumas were incorrect. In mental and emotional fields, 42% of paramedics mentioned practical and theoretic training and domination on work, as the best mental and emotional support. Conclusion. According to results of this study, paramedics need education in three recognition, transfer and behavior fields.


Objective To improve the efficiency of donated organs and to investigate the possi- bility and operation protocol of heart and lung transplantation from the same donor to different reci- pients.Methods The organs of heart and lung were obtained from three donors through the method of orthotopic lavage and whole cutting,and transplanted to end-stage patients with heart diseases or lung diseases.First,the donor was subjected to mechanical ventilation,thoracotomy and lavage of heart and lung.The heart and lung were cut in whole and separated.The recipients were subjected the re- trograde lavage of heart and lung.In the patients receiving unilateral lung transcription,the left and right lungs were isolated.Among 3 recipients of lung transcription,one underwent left unilateral lung transplantation and 2 bilateral lung transplantation.Three cases received orthotopic cardiac transplan- tation by using bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation (BOHT) anastomosis method.Results One recipient of left unilateral lung transplantation recovered well after operation.In one recipient under- going bilateral lung transplantation,right upper lung embolism occurred.After re-operation of cutting the right upper lung on the 9th day of the first one,he recovered from the illness.In another recipient receiving bilateral lung transplantation,anastomotic stenosis of trathea and pulmonary infection occurred after operation.After expectant treatment,he recovered from the illness,but died from serious infection 7 months after operation.One of the heart recipients was found having renal failure of first stage,and recovered from disease after hemodialysis treatment.Quality of life was good in all 3 heart recipients after operation and their heart function achieved the restoration of 0-Ⅰstage.Conclusion The treatment protocol of transplantation from the same donor to different recipients at the same time, which can make full use of the organs from donors,is feasible and has good effect.


It is possible to level out certain negative phenomena that adversely affect the development of children of all age groups by combining the efforts of the organs of education and culture, the creative unions, teachers, upbringers, librarians, and supervisors of amateur arts and technical creativity circles and sports sections.


This paper investigates how situations of medical emergency (CPR) are organized as collaborative practice. Whilst studies have assessed CPR mainly with regard to timing of medical actions, we suggest that interactional micro-coordination between the
participants and their involvement in multiple activities may contribute to such timing.


Literature as the art of the word reflects the surrounding world in all manifestations associated with the historical, social, and general cultural context that affects the psychology of both the author and the characters of his works. The era of colonial conquests, the growing interest of the West in the East gave rise to a special type of art associated with the concept of Orientalism, which served as a kind of "ornamentalism" for the romantic moods of the authors and their intention to present their East to the West. Along the way, Oriental studies as a science of the East related to real phenomena in the diversity of Eastern cultures and traditions of the world order in the East. France and the countries of the western tip of North Africa that it has captured allow us to adjust the concepts of Orientalism and Occidentalism. The literature, formed in the era of colonialism in the Maghreb, became not only a product of national history, but also a nationally colored response to French literary Orientalism in an "occidental" form, facilitated by francophones, which also exists in the field of modern French culture. Occidentalized emigrants and immigrants settled in the West — ethnic Maghrebians, influencing the world order of France (demography, economy, politics, culture), retain their own identity, manifested both in the assessment of the surrounding reality and in the desire to preserve originality in the context of globalization. The noted phenomena of the evolution of modern cultures and literatures of the East and West make it possible to differentiate such concepts as Orientalism, Africanism, and Occidentalism in goal-setting manifestations in correlation with national traditions and innovations, which makes it possible to objectively study both the East and the West in a variety of mutual influences, interaction, mutual repulsion, and complementarity.


Software Transactional Memory (STM) has the promise to avoid the common pitfalls of locks when writing thread-based concurrent programs. Many papers on the subject deal with low-level implementation details to support the efficient and concurrent execution of multiple transactions. We give a rule-based specification of Software Transactional Memory in terms of Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) which naturally supports the concurrent execution of transactions. Such a high-level description of STM in terms of CHR has the advantage that we can easier understand the workings of STM and we can better analyze and verify STM. We verify correctness of a particular CHR-based STM implementation.


Higher vocational education is an important part of national education in China.It is also an important way of prompting economic development,social development and labor employment.In higher education how to position higher vocational education relates to a series of problems,such as,direction of running school,school-running model and the goal of students' cultivation.For higher vocational students,how to give themselves correct role positioning relates to the stability of higher education as well as the problem of the cultivation of high-quality and skill-oriented talents and the way of industrialization.Guiding students to hold correct occupational selection view,cultivating high-quality and skill-oriented talents for enterprise,taking the advantage of higher vocational education in cultivating skill-oriented talents can actively promote the development of vocational education.


Purpose  To assess compliance with national and international guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Victorian public hospitals and observe trends over time when results were reported back to hospitals.


When the enzyme [3 units (where 1 unit is 1 pmol of 8-aminolaevulinate produced/h per mg of protein)] was incubated at 37°C with [2RS-3H2,2-14C]glycine [3H/14C = 2.88, in potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.31 in the presence of 250p~-pyridoxal phosphate, the 3H/14C ratio fell to a constant value of 1.42 after about 2h, representing a 50% loss of 3H radioactivity. In the absence of pyridoxal phosphate the rate of loss of 3H was decreased by 31 %. When the non-competitive inhibitor haeme ( 4 1 3 ~ ~ ) was incubated with enzyme in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate the exchange rate was unaffected. Haem presumably exerts its effect on the overall reaction by interacting with the enzyme in such a way that the binding of succinyl-CoA or subsequent events at the active site during the formation of 6-aminolaevulinate is affected. Under all conditions, incubation of boiled enzyme with labelled glycine resulted in no loss of 3H. To satisfy ourselves that the loss of 3H from glycine was due to baminolaevulinate synthetase and not to some highly active contaminating enzyme in trace amounts (e.g. transaminase) a sample of the enzyme was denatured to different degrees by heating it at 55°C for various times. The rate of j H exchange of the heat-treated enzymes divided by the specific activity was always constant, indicating that the exchange activity and 8-aminolaevulinate synthetase were equally sensitive to heat. In addition, the presence of L-glutamate or L-alanine during the incubation had no effect on the rate of exchange, showing the reaction was specific for glycine. Further, 6-aminolaevulinate (25 mM) the product decreased the exchange rate by 61.5 %, presumably by direct competition for glycine at the active site. It is concluded that the exchange reaction described represents the initial stage in the conversion of glycine into 8-aminolaevulinate. On binding to the enzyme-pyridoxal phosphate complex, the glycine Schiff base loses stereospecifically one of the a-protons in a reversible reaction to form a carbanion species. This, in the presence of succinyl-CoA, would then condense to form the new C-C bond and by a series of reactions would yield B-aminolaevulinate. In the absence of the succinyl-CoA, the carbanion is simply reprotonated by a solvent proton and glycine is released by hydrolysis. When [2RS-3H2,2-'4C]glycine is used, these reactions are manifested by the exchange described.