In recent years the dispersion of the pancreatic islet tissue within the exocrine parenchyma has been studied from different aspects. It has been suggested that the peculiar organization of this endocrine organ provides the exocrine cells with a high concentration of insulin." It was furthermore of interest that the islet pattern was characterized by a striking regularity so that the actual size distribution of the islets followed a simple mathematical relationship." The present communication describes how this relationship makes it possible to introduce two methods for the rapid estimation of the total islet volume in different species. Actual size distribution of the number and volume of the islets of Langerhans Before describing the methods for computing the total islet volume it is pertinent to recapitulate the essential details of the size frequency distributions of the islets of Langerhans. As the islets deviate markedly from a circular or elliptic shape in the sections only in exceptional cases, it may be inferred that they are spherical or ellipsoidal bodies. Thus it is valid to apply the equations derived by Wicksell'* to calculate the actual islet distribution from that observed in the sections in rats, mice and man.~ Independent of age, the islet organ was found to be arranged in the same regular way in these three species. When the total islet volume was plotted in relation to the islet diameter a symmetrical curve was obtained (figure i ) . This means that the main part of the islet volume is constituted by the medium sized islets, while the very numerous small islets contribute an approximately similar amount to the islet volume as do the much fewer larger islets. With a larger total islet volume there was a tendency for the maxima of the volumetric curves to be shifted to the right. Furthermore the volumetric curve approximated in the main part of its course to a normal distribution. The mean values and scatter in these distributions were such that, for the overwhelming majority of the islets studied,


This paper expounds the development trend of university library's electronic computerization, introduces the general situation of application of university library's mobile reading model, and in the light of the problems existing in mobile library, puts forward some corresponding countermeasures.


Objective To observe the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and acute cerebral infarction and to confirm that Hhcy is one of the important risk factors in cardiocerebral vascular diseases.Methods Seleceted 86 patients who had acute cerebral infarction and 41 health people,detected the level of fasting Hcy and lipid.Results The level of Hcy in acute cerebral infarction group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P0.05).The level of lipid in acute cerebral infarction group was higher than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The closely relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and acute cerebral infarction indicate that hyperhomocysteinemia can be used as the new diagnosis basis of acute cerebral infarction.


A Mossbauer spectrometry study of bcc Fe-Co alloys was performed to measure the 57Fe hyperfine-field parameters from 77 to 900 K. The temperature dependence of the 57Fe hyperfine magnetic field in Fe-Co alloys was similar, although not identical, to that of 57Fe in pure Fe. These results are understood if the alignment of magnetic moments at Fe atoms is only slightly more temperature dependent than at Co atoms. This situation for Fe-Co is significantly different from that of Fe-Ni alloys, indicating that the interatomic exchange interactions in Fe-Co alloys are stronger than in Fe-Ni.


A mechan ism for thc high-speed-waterdrop erosion of methyl met,hacry late plastic i ~ post ulated as a resul t of a para llel study of t he damage t hat is done by the impacts of steel spheres and of deforming lead pellet.s. Results of the parallel st ud.v are described. The mechanism can be ext rapolated with safety on ly to other brittle mater ia ls of low tensi le stre ngth , t he other characte r i ~ti c propert ies o f \I'hich arc closely simi lft J' to those of methyl methacrylate plastic.


Outlines the types of antibiotics available and their mechanisms of reaction and resistance and discusses their properties in general terms It describes in detail those antibiotics that are essential and where it is appropriate to prescribe them This handbook will prove invaluable to trainee/junior doctors on a day-to-day basis.


The contributing authors in 8 journals among the years of 2008~2010 are surveyed on their psychology and those factors affecting their submission.It shows that there are three demands for the authors-practical demand,utility demand and self-realization demand and such factors as core journals,impact factor,working efficiency and relationship between the author and the editor are the main factors influencing the submission.Finally,strategies for the editors are provided in this paper.


With the rapid increase of urbanization level in China, the accidents related to urban water supply pipe network occurred frequently due to the impacts of pipeline aging, environmental change and human factors, thus the health evaluation of urban water supply network has become one of the hot topics in recent years. Related researches mostly refer to qualitative and static analysis, some quantitative studies consider the influence of only one aspect on the status of water supply pipe network such as hydraulic, water quality and static structure, and cannot objectively reflect the health status of pipe network due to neglecting or simplifying the influence of internal hydraulic condition on the health of the pipe network. Comprehensively considering the influencing factors and the hydraulic mechanism during the operation process of pipe network, this study constructs a health evaluation index system for the water supply pipe network, and introduces the triangular fuzzy number theory into the traditional Bayesian water supply network health status evaluation model taking the uncertainty of model structure and data into account. Through applying the method to Yunhe county of Zhejiang Province China, some suggestions for the optimization and transformation of the regional water supply network are proposed, which can provide a basis for ensuring the safety of regional water supply and scientifically determining the renewal sequence of the pipe network.


This research showcases multi attribute decision support methodology applied to analyze the impact of shopping malls on the city structure. Influence of shopping mall on the city is described as the sum of effects, which affects the quality of life, the neighborhood, the work of city transportation system and architectural and urban perception of the city. The influence of shopping mall is measured in the form of different attributes rated on a scale and then rating summation is carried using Compensatory model to evaluate each attribute with respect to belief and actual impact. The main attributes are distinguished to measure the influence of shopping malls on quality of life, the work of transportation system, the economics and the architectural & urban perception of the city. The weights of attributes are estimated from a data collected through surveys conducted through an online survey system. The initial rating for the attributes is done through surveys carried out among the experts in the city of Normal and Bloomington. Compensatory models/Multi attribute model is used to evaluate high preference attitude towards ranking the attributes as per the weights estimated through the model. A quantitative analysis using multiple regression analysis is carried out to check the viability of the results calculated through compensatory model. A multivariate correlation analysis is carried out to showcase the interrelation of the attributes and how the change in one attribute showcases a change or stability in another attribute. Overall the research estimates the effect of shopping mall on the city structure where the attributes are rated by the factor of belief and final outcome.


Stable insect cell lines are emerging as an alternative to the insect cell‐baculovirus expression vector system (IC‐BEVS) for protein expression, benefiting from being a virus‐free, nonlytic system. Still, the titers achieved are considerably lower. In this study, stable insect (Sf‐9 and High Five) cells producing Gag virus‐like particles (VLPs) were first adapted to grow under hypothermic culture conditions (22°C instead of standard 27°C), and then pseudotyped with a model membrane protein (influenza hemagglutinin [HA]) for expression of Gag‐HA VLPs. Adaptation to lower temperature led to an increase in protein titers of up to 12‐fold for p24 (as proxy for Gag‐VLP) and sixfold for HA, with adapted Sf‐9 cells outperforming High Five cells. Resulting Gag‐HA VLPs producer Sf‐9 cells were cultured to high cell densities, that is, 100 × 106 cell/ml, using perfusion (ATF® 2) in 1 L stirred‐tank bioreactors. Specific p24 and HA production rates were similar to those of batch culture, enabling to increase volumetric titers by 7–8‐fold without compromising the assembly of Gag‐HA VLPs. Importantly, the antigen (HA) quantity in VLPs generated using stable adapted cells in perfusion was ≈5‐fold higher than that from IC‐BEVS, with the added benefit of being a baculovirus‐free system. This study demonstrates the potential of combining stable expression in insect cells adapted to hypothermic culture conditions with perfusion for improving Gag‐HA VLPs production.


Head fixation devices and methods of fixating heads of patients for surgical procedures. The head fixation devices generally respectively comprise a skull clamp, a skull clamp arc assembly movable relative to the skull clamp, and a plurality of skull pins operable to engage and fixate heads of patients during neurosurgical and cervical spine procedures. The skull clamp can comprise a single skull pin on each end of the clamp. The two skull pins apply substantially equal compressive forces to the head of a patient. The skull clamp arc assembly, and an arc skull pin thereof, is pivotable to engage and disengage the patient's head for additional fixation support of the head.


Neurolinguistics
People fluent in more than one language can be something of an enigma to observers. Perhaps counterintuitively, available data suggests that multiple language processing occurs in a common system in the human brain. Xu et al. challenged this interpretation with a fine-grained multivoxel pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Chinese-English bilingual subjects processed the two different languages using independent systems of brain cells, whose physical locations in the brain overlapped. Thus, each language in these individuals uses its own set of neurons.

Sci. Adv. 10.1126/sciadv.1603309 (2017).


Many blood glucose monitor systems (BGMs) do not pass international standards of accuracy, even when they have been previously cleared by the FDA. Patients rely on BGM data to make treatment decisions, and inaccuracy can lead to reduced glycemic control and insulin dosing errors. In order to assess the accuracy of these BGMs and identify trends that might explain these results, we performed a literature review of publications between 2010 and 2017 that present data about the accuracy of BGMs using ISO 15197 2003 and/or ISO 15197 2013 as target standards. We found 58 publications describing the performance of 143 unique BGM systems, 59 of which were FDA-cleared. When compared with non-FDA cleared BGMs, FDA-cleared BGMs were significantly more likely to pass both the ISO 15197 2003 (OR= 2.39, CI: 1.45-3.92, p Disclosure F.G. King: None. D.T. Ahn: None. V. Hsiao: None. T. Porco: None. D.C. Klonoff: Consultant; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Lifecare, Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Voluntis USA, Novo Nordisk Inc., Onduo, Trividia Health, Inc., American Diabetes Association, The Endocrine Society, American Association of Diabetes Educators.


A device for applying, around groups of two containers or more, a film (5) provided on one surface with adhesive seamless comprising: - a carousel (1) provided with plates (2, 3, 4) for supporting the containers (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b), which are shaped such that each accommodating a group of containers is wrapped together with the belt (5); - a drum (7) for cutting and transferring such groups strip portions (5a, 5b, 5c) of a length required to wrap each group; - a first motorized roller (8) for unwinding the tape (5) that directly supplies said drum (7); further comprising: - a second motorized roller (9) preliminarily unwinds the tape (5) of a spool (6) mounted on a motorized roller (6a) adapted to feed said first motorized roller (8) with the interposition of a regulator offset (10) between the two rollers (8, 9), said second motorized roller (9) having sufficient power to produce continuous separation of the tape (5) of the reel (6), said tape (5) which is provided with said adhesive surface in contact with said reel (6); - a device for compensating the tension of the belt (5) between the reel (6) and the second motorized roller (9) inserted in the control unit of the machine, said device compensates the tape tension between the spool ( 6) and the roller preliminary unreeling (9) is provided with means for detecting the position of the tape in the part between the section (6c) separating the reel (6) and the second roller (9), said unit control that is adapted to change the angular speed of said second roller (9) depending on the signal coming from said means for detecting the position of the tape (5) to maintain said belt portion in a position that is next to which ensures optimum belt tension.


Bringing into dialogue the common themes and approaches in the research on student homemaking, a discussion of the relevance of Georges Perec's works to spatial research, and an experimental empirical study carried out on student homes in Copenhagen, Denmark, this article proposes a Perecquian methodology for the study of the multiscalar phenomenon of temporary homemaking. This methodology revolves around three main empirical reference points: (1) a focus on the infra-ordinary and the everyday, (2) a keen eye for materialities, and (3) the interplays between the domestic and the urban scales. By defining and adopting a detailed set of Perecquian constraints as to how the fieldwork is carried out, recorded, and analyzed, this article broadens the horizon for more multidisciplinary perspectives on creative research and experimental fieldwork within home studies.


In light of objections to the proposed numbers and routing of HGV's to the Roseacre Wood site the applicant has proposed an alternative route providing for a one way system for HGVs to access the site via the A6 and the B5269 and exit the site via Clifton onto the A583. This proposal was assessed by LCC Highways and found to be unacceptable. Consequently the proposed amended routing was not advertised nor consultations carried out. However, in view of the deferral of the applications following the submission of further information relating to noise which will need advertising we will take the opportunity of advertising the proposed amended routing as well. We are only required to advertise the further information in the press but it is likely that we will consult the respective parish councils affected and those properties fronting the route. We doubt there would be an issue with the proposed increase in traffic associated with the proposed amendment in terms of the impact on overall usage of the cross roads or cumulative impact with other developments due to the short duration of any increase on a periodic basis. The greater concern is the nature of the highway network to accommodate the type of vehicles proposed. However, all of this is set out in the committee report and supporting appendices which can be accessed on the committee web pages or on our own planning register (LCC/2015/0101). Highways have objected to the proposed amended routing already, so in many respects there is no necessity to consider the impact of such on highway issues in the wider area.


– The purpose of this study is to propose a framework to determine and prioritize relational capitals. This study has empirically performed the framework and revealed prioritized indicators of relational capital within service and non-service industries in Iran. , – A valid questionnaire was utilized to conduct a survey of 243 business managers in different organizational levels of service and non-service industries in Iran. , – Correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain validity of measures. Priority of each relational capital was specified using ordinal regression analysis. , – The findings offer valuable insights on relational capital and its indicators in a novel perspective. , – Using the proposed framework and utilizing the classification of relational capital indicators, managers and analysts will be able to enumerate the most effective factors for improving business performance and competitive authority based on types of business relations and its environment. , – This study provides a guideline for determining and prioritizing business relational capital considering both sides, business-to-business and business-to-consumer relations, which have been under examination in the literature.


Brought in organic calves must be fed and managed according to Demeter standards and can be marketed using the Demeter trademark at the earliest 6 months after weaning.
(DI production standards, 5.5.4. Feeding of replacement calves, calves for fattening, foal, lambs and kids)


Received: May 29, 2017; Accepted: June 20, 2017; Published: June 23, 2017 Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are the most common chronic airway diseases in clinical practice [1]. In the United States of America, approximately one in 12 adults has asthma, and one in 15 has COPD diagnosis [2,3]; by probability, coincidence of both diseases is expected at last in 0.5% of the general population [4].


This research work involves the investigation of periwinkle-rice composite as a replacement for granite in concrete. Characterization of the rice husk, and periwinkle shells were determined and compared. The percentage replacement was 0%:100%, 20%:80%, 40%:60%, 60%:40%, 80%:20% and 100%:0% and the mix adopted were 1:2:1 for the first treatment (control) and 1:1:1 for the second treatment. Compressive strength tests were carried out on the periwinkle-rice husk and granite concrete cubes. Concrete cubes with periwinkle-rice husk as coarse aggregate were lighter with low compressive strengths compared to the normal weight concrete. The results revealed that the specific gravity of rice husk, periwinkle shells and granite were 1.35, 1.48 and 2.54. The average bulk density of the periwinkle shells, rice husk and crushed granite were 1550 kg/m 3 , 430 kg/m 3 and 2490 kg/m 3 respectively. From the slump test, the periwinkle-rice composite is not workable because the cubes gave a harsh mix, lower amount of superplasticizer agent would be needed to facilitate extremely high water reduction, high flowability as well as internal cohesiveness in the concrete cubes. The 35-day compressive strength test for both mixes 1:2:1 and 1:1:1 shows that the concrete mix of 1:2:1 gave the highest strength. However, there was a gain in compressive strength in the ratio 80% periwinkle: 20% rice husk with value 12.37N/mm 2 for 1:1:1 since its value is within the specified grade of 15N/mm 2 for Grade 15 light weight concrete. From this study, it can be concluded that periwinkle-rice husk can be used as a light weight concrete for the replacement of granite in concrete.


This thesis is an attempt to examine the implementation of Indonesian rice policy at the regional level during the period 1970-1984. Two programs have been analysed: the rice intensification (Bimas) and the village unit cooperatives (KUD) programs. The results of the programs and their impacts on the farmers are analysed. Also, the responses of farmers to the two programs are described. However, this thesis is particularly aimed at analysing the work of the local government officials and the machinery at the kabupaten down to village levels. Since the local government is the main agency of the central government in implementing its rice policies, as well as other development programs, the role of this local apparatus is crucial in the implementation process of the policy. The local government officials are the lower level instruments of the central government, and they are subject to heavy political control from the centre. This thesis examines the impact of this control upon local-level rice policy implementation. The analysis of rice policy implementation at the regional level in Indonesia, indicates that the success of the government in achieving certain objectives of the policy, and its failure to achieve others are not merely caused by administrative problems, but are particularly due to the priorities given by the central government to certain policy objectives, and by the pattern of relationships between the central and the local officials. In other words, the implementation of rice policy has been more affected by political factors than by administrative problems. Hence, while this thesis gives attention to the administrative problems, its focus is mainly on the political factors affecting the implementation process. The influence of political factors is illustrated by five local studies in Malang Kabupaten in the last two chapters.


This paper explores the impact of possible responses to the recent soar in world commodity prices on economic activity and household welfare in Tanzania, on the basis of a single country computable general equilibrium model that includes considerable factor market and household details. The focus is on the impact of different types of trade policies, as well as of the large marketing margins between producers, consumers and the foreign markets existing in the country. Scenario results are computed under a number of different assumptions in terms of the degree of substitutability of domestic products with imported goods, and flexibility in the allocation between exports and the domestic market. Results indicate that the Tanzanian economy may fail to benefit from the opportunities arising from the increase in world agricultural prices, and that trade policy does not appear to be capable of counteracting this risk. Rather, even a partial removal of a key structural bottleneck, such as the reduction of marketing margins, generates desirable results in terms of both production and distribution.


'Liar, and slave!' (5.5.35), 'If thou speak'st false...' (38), as if taking on a new role. Speaking the lines in his own, Jarry-esque insolent tone, it was no longer clear whether it was Ubu or Macbeth speaking. A strange game of theatrical hide-and-seek followed, with Macbeth, armed with a huge axe, following Lady Macbeth and insulting her with Ubu-like swear words. The characters ran in a circle, chasing one another, and plotlines merged in a dizzy carousel, making it impossible for Purcărete's audience to tell the Macbeths from the Ubus – just as, 40 years earlier, confused spectators could no longer tell the Smiths from the Martins in Eugène Ionesco's The Bald Soprano. And, when Pa and Ma Ubu blithely popped up from their coffins at the end of the play, to comment upon the 'pleasures of navigation' while staring at the spectators in the auditorium, I felt that we were an uncanny community. The 1990 audience, my ghostly Facebook companions and I were all watching, then and now, Purcărete's Ubu Rex, produced in the first year of Romanian democracy, at a time of heated political turmoil that marked the beginning of a new era of Romanian theatre. I would not have missed this experience for anything.


Cartesian Reflections serves to remind us of the debt owed to John Cottingham for leading us towards a more synoptic reading of Descartes, one in which the contentious outcomes of the Meditations are understood against the background of an abiding commitment to the unity of the human being and an account of its place in the universe. It is a book to record and provoke interesting reflections on Descartes, life and philosophy. The book contains Cottingham's highly influential articles spanning the last thirty years and arranged under three headings—'Descartes's Position in Philosophy'; 'Mind and World', and 'Ethics and Religion'—as well as an introductory 'Overview'. No mere summary, the 'Overview' differentiates the history of philosophy from antihistorical approaches which mine Descartes's texts for the 'agendas of modern epistemology' [5], as well as intellectual history's focus on Descartes's relationship to his cultural milieu. The former contributes to our alienation from philosophy in so far as 'the use of doubt and self-discovery' in the pursuit of truth is no longer internalized as part of a personal quest; the latter reduces Descartes to little more than an 'antiquarian interest' [5–8]. Only in the history of philosophy, Cottingham claims, can Descartes speak to us across the ages [7–8]. While this seems correct, the contemporary relevance of the history of philosophy is left a little vague. Compare Calvin Normore's suggestion that one way that the historian of philosophy makes a contribution to a debate is by changing its terms, by showing that things might be thought about differently because they once were. Nonetheless, Cottingham's own intellectual practice exemplifies the virtues both of looking to the past and to the future. Part II of the book serves to illustrate his commitment to Descartes's rightful place as the transitional figure between the medieval and early modern periods. The first chapter documents the way in which Descartes is a clever synthesizer of pre-existing scientific and philosophical paradigms—Galilean physics, a quantitative approach that harkens back to the Alexandrian geometers, and a sceptical method akin to that of the sixteenth-century philosopher, Francisco Sanches. Against the received view that Descartes's principal contributions lie in providing the metaphysical foundations for the new science, Cottingham argues that they lie in presenting a mathematicized and unified science of nature. Indeed, Descartes's metaphysical revolution is 'incomplete' because he failed, where Hume succeeded, in transcending the attachment to the substance/ attribute ontology, an ontology 'ill-suited' to science based on covering laws and the


Tibetan historic works plays an important role in Tibetan historiography,being rich in content and original in compiling form.By applying some editing theories,this paper demonstrates Tibetan historians' compiling style through narrating part of historical works' compiling form in Tibetan historiography.


The photodeflection method applied to the propagation losses characterization in channel waveguides is discussed using two different set-up configurations. 3-D and 1-D models are presented in order to calculate the photodeflection angle. The effects on the measurement of any set-up misalignment are studied. Different ways for determining the propagation losses are shown. Comparison between theoretical and experimental results for Ti : LiNbO3 and a glass channel waveguide is also reported.


An array antenna includes: a plurality of first antenna elements arrayed at specified element intervals on a plane of a board; a plurality of second antenna elements arrayed at the element intervals in parallel to an array direction of the first antenna elements on the plane; a first power supply circuit for supplying electric power to the respective first antenna elements by a line branched at a first branch point on the plane; and a second power supply circuit for supplying electric power to the respective second antenna elements by a line branched at a second branch point shifted by a specified distance in the array direction with respect to the first branch point on the plane.


Background: Fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation is an effective method for the management of patients with difficult airways. An ideal sedation regimen would ensure patient's comfort, attenuation of airway reflexes, patient's co-ordination, haemodynamic stability and amnesia. It is critical for both the surgeon and the anesthesiologist to understand the physiologic consequences of laparoscopy and to work in cooperation to achieve a good surgical outcome. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to midazolam (MDZ) group (group 1) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) group (group 2). DEX patients received dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg, followed by an infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.1μg/kg/hr titrated to 0.7μg/kg/hr to achieve RSS ≥2. MDZ subjects received IV midazolam 0.05mg/kg with additional doses given to achieve a RSS ≥ 2. Measurements: Pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and SpO 2 recorded during pre-oxygenation, one minute prior to introduction of fiberscope and then every minute for the following five minutes and  beginning one minute before endotracheal intubation and then every minute until the endotracheal tube was secured, patient's tolerance assessed on 5 point fiberoptic intubation score during fiberscopy and endotracheal intubation, total comfort score values assessed during pre-oxygenation, fiberscopy and endotracheal intubation and patient's response to 24 hour post op questionnaire assessment were measured. Results: DEX group patients were significantly more quiet and more harmonius during awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) than were the MDZ group patients. The DEX group patients were found to have a lower mean Heart Rate than the MDZ patients. Conclusions: Both dexmedetomidine and midazolam are effective for fibreoptic intubation. Dexmedetomidine allows better endurance, stable haemodynamic status and a patent airway.


Deduplication is a process that eliminates redundant copies of data and reduces storage overhead. Data deduplication becomes more and more a necessity for cloud storage providers because of the continuous and exponential increase of the number of users and the size of their data. Storage and data transfer costs will be reduced by their cloud providers by storing a unique copy of duplicate data. Cloud computing offers a new way of service provision by re-arranging various resources over the Internet. The most often known, important and popular cloud service is data storage. The privacy of data holders are more important, So in order to preserve the privacy of the data holders , data is often stored in cloud in an encrypted form. In cloud data deduplication, encrypted data will introduce new challenges, which becomes crucial for data storage and processing in cloud. There are some of the traditional schemes for deduplication that cannot work on encrypted data. Some of the Existing solutions are present for encrypted data deduplication which suffer from security weakness i.e. brute force attacks means they cannot flexibly support data access control and revocation. Therefore, few of them can be readily deployed in practice. In this paper, we propose a scheme to deduplicate the encrypted data which is stored in cloud. And also we use RAS and AES algorithm for encryption and hash code generation The results show the sequence diagram over deduplication process and test cases for login purpose , especially for data deduplication in cloud storage.


The surface morphology and composition,microstructure,appearance,adhesion,hardness,anti-abration ability,porosity ratio,solder ability and corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P alloy plating on W-Cu alloy were investigated.The result indicates that the Ni-P alloy coating belongs to high phosphorus coating with P content 11.37 wt.% and it is amorphous in nature,and the anti-abrasion ability and hardness of W-Cu alloy was greatly improved by electroless Ni-P alloy plating.Meanwhile,the Ni-P alloy coating has a qualified adhesion with W-Cu alloy substrate with lower porosity ratio and good solderability and the deposit can offer fairly good protection to W-Cu alloy substrate in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution,artificial sweat solution and 10% H2SO4 solution.


ABSTRACT The classical Bohr inequality is studied in the Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane. A sharp hyperbolic Bohr radius of is obtained for analytic self-maps of the hyperbolic unit disk. The hyperbolic Bohr radius is also investigated for the h-convex hull of a given set lying in an open half-plane of the unit disk. In this case, the sharp Bohr radius is also obtained. Additionally, the main theorem is applied to obtain a Bohr-type theorem for other hyperbolic regions.


A novel snubber circuit for high-power GTO inverters is composed of only passive components which, idealized, produce no losses. The stored energy in the turn-on and turn-off snubbers is completely recovered during a switching cycle. In the absence of a permanent circulating current in the recovery transformer, the minimum on-time duration of one half-bridge is very low. The nondissipative operation of the snubber circuit permits a liberal design of the snubber components by which the switching losses in the power semiconductors are greatly reduced. >


As a tool course, CAD graphic design in engineering is assisting other professional courses to achieve professional training goals. According to the characteristics and existing problems of CAD graphic design, this paper puts forward some constructive measures to connect the course with practice application and improve the students' learning enthusiasm. The proposed measures include: teaching method combining theory with practice, teaching mode containing "teaching" and "learning" content, the matched evaluation mechanism guiding correctly students to learn.


Energy consumption of recent buildings in Turkey continues to increase, as it does around the world. Conversely, traditional rural house types perform well in terms of energy efficiency. This study investigated the energy efficiency methods applied in traditional rural houses in the rural Thrace region of Turkey, built using timber, stone and adobe construction methods. The energy-efficient characteristics of the sample structures were identified by investigating their site layout, plan types, building outer shell design and material specifications. This study concludes that in traditional rural houses, prevention of heat-loss has been regarded as highly important; solar energy is highly utilised and the colloquial architecture is well suited to the climatic conditions of the region. This study may contribute to the increased awareness of this subject among designers. The ecological characteristics of traditional rural houses can be applied to current buildings by evaluating and replicating these characteristics.


In old frame shear wall structure building as the example,this paper introduces the problems encountered in the process of transformation,and in the light of the wires and cables laid and sprinkler equipment Settings problems,puts forward the reasonable design scheme and the effective solution,which can meet the use function and fire control safety requirements and a beautiful,the purpose of environmental protection.


The safety in the high voltage substations rely on the integrity of its grounding grid. A single discontinuity at any part of the grounding grid may cause a swell in touch or step potential that may expose the personnel to a hazard of critical electric shock. It may also lead to malfunction of the protection devices leading to erroneous tripping of circuit breakers. This report presents a cost-effective, reliable and precise way to investigate the integrity of grounding grid. An experimental setup was performed in the laboratory to inspect and corroborate the results; thereafter repeating and validating the experiment in a substation.


★ 1175 While there was a tendency to protect homosexual servicemen from official disciplining, those unlucky enough to face court martial underwent a humiliating process. Utilized in an effort to not only punish the accused but also to deter others from following in their footsteps, such court martials featured denigrating language intended to denormalize the same-sex experience. Those found guilty were subsequently sent to jail, and more often than not placed under suicide watch—a clear testament to the stigmatization of being labeled a homosexual during this period. Jackson's is an important contribution, not only for those interested in wartime Canada and the social history of World War II, but also those with an eye for contemporary public policy debates. Those campaigning against the presence of homosexuals within the military continue to argue that their presence lowers the troops' morale. According to this case study, homosexuality tended to be accepted within the ranks; rather, it was when the hierarchy attempted to root out homosexuals that esprit de corps was negatively affected. A well-researched and thought provoking book, One of the Boys deserves a wide readership.


We used the eddy covariance technique to measure exchanges of water vapor, energy, and CO 2 between California serpentine grassland and the atmosphere. Even though the system was built around an inexpensive, one-dimensional sonic anemometer and a closed-path CO 2 analyzer, energy balance closure was accurate to ± 20% at a net radiation of 500 W/m 2 , and the spectra and cospectra indicated only modest information loss from incompletely resolved high-frequency turbulence. In the early and middle parts of the growing season, net radiation, latent heat, and sensible heat all had similar diurnal dynamics, with latent heat accounting for 60% of the net radiation. Late in the growing season, energy dissipation by latent heat dropped dramatically, even though the vapor pressure gradient remained high. The Ω factor, an index of the role of canopy conductance in regulating transpiration (Jarvis and McNaughton 1986), decreased from 0.8 early in the growing season (indicating predominant control of transpiration by net radiation) to 0.1 late in the growing season (indicating a shift to control of transpiration by canopy conductance and vapor pressure deficit). Canopy conductance was a linear function of the product of net photosynthesis and relative humidity, divided by the CO 2 concentration, as predicted by Ball (1988). The slope of the relationship, however, was greater early in the growing season than at other times. Whole-ecosystem carbon exchange rates were modest, with midday net photosynthesis reaching maximum values of 6-8 μmol.m -2 .s -1 in early April. Diurnal variation in photosynthesis roughly paralleled variation in photosynthetically active photon flux density (PFD), but with the daily maximum increasing with canopy development early in the growing season and decreasing with drought at the end of the growing season. Photosynthesis did not clearly saturate at high levels of PFD. Ecosystem dark respiration increased strongly (Q 10 =4.6) with increasing soil surface temperature. The efficiency with which absorbed radiation was used in ecosystem photosynthesis, integrated over entire days, was 0.0115 ± 0.0015 mol CO 2 /mol PFD (20% of the values measured for healthy, single leaves under low light conditions) until late in the growing season, when the efficiency fell sharply. Using simple assumptions to extrapolate measurements from 11 d to the entire growing season, we estimate ecosystem annual gross primary production to be 11.1 mol CO 2 /m 2 , yielding an annual net primary production of 133 g biomass/m 2 . This is near the center of the range of published values from aboveground harvest studies.


ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from firstname.lastname@example.com. © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. 1539-9087/2020/03-ART15 $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3380548 ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, Vol. 19, No. 2, Article 15. Publication date: March 2020. 15:2 A. Ahmad and M. A. Pasha state-of-the-art algorithms for computer vision tasks such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation [14, 16, 21]. While the accuracy achieved by CNNs on these tasks is unparalleled, their extreme computational budgets limit wider implementation. While Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) are being used to deploy CNN architectures exploiting the algorithmic parallelism over the many-cores that they provide [6], their power consumption is high and their architectures are more generic. Owing to their reconfigurability, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based implementations [22, 29, 41] are being explored to design parallel and pipelined network architectures that give improved performance and power efficiency compared to general-purpose processors (CPUs) and GPUs. While more custom solutions in the form of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) can be implemented that further improve the performance and power efficiency compared to their FPGA-based counterparts [3], ASIC-based designs are rigid, hence may only be justified at the stage of final implementation when thorough testing and prototyping has been done on a more reconfigurable FPGA-based platform. Significant research effort is also being put into optimizing different layers of CNNs to gain improvements in the performance metrics for a wider range of CNN architectures and hardware platforms. Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT)-based convolutions have shown significant gains in reducing the computational complexity of convolutional layers that use large kernel sizes (≥7 × 7) implemented on GPU platforms [31]. Although this reduction in computational complexity offered by FFT-based convolution is significant for large kernel sizes, modern neural network architectures, such as VGGNet [28], ResNet [16], MobileNets [17], and GoogLeNet [30], tend towards smaller kernel sizes and deeper topologies. FFT-based convolutions have actually been shown to increase the overall computation time of layers that use smaller kernel sizes by as much as 16× [31]. Winograd minimal filtering [34] based fast convolution algorithms (we will refer to them as "fast-conv" from here onwards) have also been proposed and have shown significant improvements for small kernel sizes, applicable to most modern networks [20]. Fast-conv algorithms work by reducing the computational complexity of expensive operations while adding transform stages that increase the number of cheaper operations involved in the convolution. Furthermore, the arithmetic cost of the additional transform stages can be amortized over layer dimensions, leading to an overall reduction in computation complexity. In this article, we present FFConv, an efficient FPGA-based fast-conv accelerator for CNNs. We explore custom bitwidth quantization schemes in fast-conv and their impact on classification accuracy of the system. We follow through with a modular hardware implementation that not only allows the system to run at high frequency but also uses the resources efficiently for a tradeoff in throughput and accuracy. To this objective, we explore challenges that bottleneck the performance of our design and find optimizations to curb them and give a balance between performance and accuracy. The main contributions of this work are as follows: • We model losses in classification accuracy for fast-conv based VGG16-D [28], AlexNet [19], and Shufflenet-v1 [43] for different quantization levels for feature and kernel maps. • We propose FFConv, an FPGA-based optimized pipelined fast-conv accelerator for CNNs. • We explore limitations in terms of memory-compute tradeoffs and introduce optimizations to our base design, resulting in performance improvements while costing a minute loss in classification accuracy. The rest of the article is structured as follows: In Section 2, we present a short primer on CNNs, spatial convolution, and fast-conv while also surveying the previous works. Section 3 covers a design space exploration to find appropriate parameters and control knobs of fast-conv algorithms to be used in our hardware design. We also model the losses in classification accuracy for ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, Vol. 19, No. 2, Article 15. Publication date: March 2020. FFConv: FPGA-based Accelerator for Fast Convolution in CNNs 15:3 different quantization levels for fast-conv based VGG16-D, AlexNet, and Shufflenet-v1 architectures. In Section 4, we present stage-wise implementation of FFConv while discussing challenges and optimizations along with a qualitative discussion of the novelties of our design compared to the state-of-the-art. Section 5 contains a detailed discussion and comparison of implementation results of FFConv against the state-of-the-art implementations in terms of four metrics: accuracy, throughput, resource, and power efficiency. The article is then concluded in Section 6.


Background: Reperfusion following ischemia can lead to more injuries than ischemia itself especially in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats with have hepatic IRI and diabetes mellitus.
Methodology: Twenty-eight Wistar Albino rats were randomised into four groups as control (C), diabetic (DC), diabetic with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (DIR), and diabetic but administered dexmedetomidine followed by hepatic IRI (DIRD) groups. Hepatic tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically by semiquantitative methods. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion s-transpherase (GST), and catalase (CAT) enzyme levels were investigated in liver and kidney tissues as oxidative state parameters.
Results: In Group DIR; hepatocyte degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, pycnotic nucleus, and necrotic cells were found to be more in rat hepatic tissue; while mononuclear cell infiltration was higher in the parenchyme. MDA levels were significantly lower; but SOD levels were significantly higher in Group DIRD with regard to Group DIR. In the IRI induced diabetic rats' hepatic and nephrotic tissues MDA levels, showing oxidative injury, were found to be lower. SOD levels, showing early antioxidant activity, were higher.
Conclusion: The enzymatic findings of our study together with the hepatic histopathology indicate that dexmedetomidine has a potential role to decrease IRI.
Key words: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury; Diabetes mellitus; Dexmedetomidine; Rat; MDA; SOD
Citation: Sezen SC, Işık B, Bilge M, Arslan M, Çomu FM, Öztürk L, Kesimci E, Kavutçu M. Effect of dexmedetomidine on ischemia-reperfusion injury of liver and kidney tissues in experimental diabetes and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury induced rats. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care 2016;20(2):143-149
Received: 21 November 2015; Reviewed: 10, 24 December 2015, 9, 10 June 2016; Corrected: 12 December 2015; Accepted: 10 June 2016
 INTRODUCTİON
Perioperative acute tissue injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion is a comman clinical event caused by reduced blood supply to the tissue being compromised during major surgery. Ischemia leads to cellular injury by depleting cellular energy deposits and resulting in accumulation of toxic metabolites. The reperfusion of tissues that have remained in ischemic conditions causes even more damage.1 Furthermore hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) demonstrates a strong relationship with peri-operative acute kidney injury.2
The etiology of diabetic complications is strongly associated with increased oxidative stress (OS). Diabetic patients are known to have a high risk of developing OS or IRI which results with tissue failure.3
The most important role in ischemia and reperfusion is played by free oxygen radicals.1 In diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, even more free oxygen radicals are produced due to oxidation of glucose and glycosylation of proteins.3 The structures which are most sensitive to free oxygen radicals in the cells are membrane lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids.1
It has been reported that endogenous antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion s-transpherase (GST), catalase (CAT)] play an important role to alleviate IRI.4-8 Also some pharmacological agents have certain effects on IRI.1 The anesthetic agents influence endogenous antioxidant systems and free oxygen radical formation.9-12
Dexmedetomidine is a selective α-2 adrenoceptor agonist agent. It has been described as a useful and safe adjunct in many clinical applications. It has been found that it may increase urine output by considerably redistributing cardiac output, inhibiting vasopressin secretion and maintaining renal blood flow and glomerular filtration. Previous studies demonstrated that dexmedetomidine provides protection against renal, focal cerebral, cardiac, testicular, and tourniquet-induced IRI.13-18 Arslan et al observed that dexmedetomidine protected against lipid peroxidation and cellular membrane alterations in hepatic IRI, when given before induction of ischemia.17 Si et al18 demonstrated that dexmedetomidine treatment results in a partial but significant attenuation of renal demage induced by IRI through the inactivation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in an in vivo model.
The efficacy of the dexmedetomidine for IRI in diabetic patient is not resarched yet. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the biochemical and histological effects of dexmedetomidine on hepatic IRI in diabetic rat's hepatic and renal tissue.
METHODOLOGY
Animals and Experimental Protocol: This study was conducted in the Physiology Laboratory of Kirikkale University upon the consent of the Experimental Animals Ethics Committee of Kirikkale University. All of the procedures were performed according to the accepted standards of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
In the study, 28 male Wistar Albino rats, weighing between 250 and 300 g, raised under the same environmental conditions, were used.  The rats were kept under 20-21 oC at cycles of 12-hour daylight and 12-hour darkness and had free access to food until 2 hours before the anesthesia procedure. The animals were randomly separated into four groups, each containing 7 rats.
Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO, USA) at a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose levels were measured at 72 hrs following this injection. Rats were classified as diabetic if their fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels exceeded 250 mg/dl, and only animals with FBGs of  > 250 mg/dl  were included in the diabetic groups (diabetes only, diabetes plus ischemia-reperfusion and diabetes plus dexmedetomidine-ischemia-reperfusion). The rats were kept alive 4 weeks after streptozotocin injection to allow development of chronic diabetes before they were exposed to ischemia-reperfusion.(19) The rats were weighed before the study.
Rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 100 mg/kg. The chest and abdomen were shaved and each animal was fixed in a supine position on the operating table. The abdomen was cleaned with 1% polyvinyl iodine and when dry, the operating field was covered with a sterile drape and median laparotomy was performed. There were four experimental groups (Group C (sham-control; n = 7), (Group DC (diabetes-sham-control; n = 7), Group DIR (diabetes-ischemia-reperfusion; n = 7), and Group DIRD (diabetes-ischemia-reperfusion-dexmedetomidine; n = 7).
Sham operation was performed on the rats in Group C and Group DC. The sham operation consisted of mobilization of the hepatic pedicle only. The rats in this group were sacrificed 90 min after the procedure. Hepatic I/R injury was induced in Groups DIR and DIRD respectively with hepatic pedicle clamping using a vascular clamp as in the previous study of Arslan et al.(17) After an ischemic period of 45 min, the vascular clamp was removed. A reperfusion period was maintained for 45 min. In Group DIRD, dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 100 μg/kg, (Precedex 100 μg/2 ml, Abbott®, Abbott Laboratory, North Chicago, Illinois, USA) was administrated via intraperitoneal route 30 minutes before surgery.
All the rats were given ketamine 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally and intracardiac blood samples were obtained. Preserving the tissue integrity by avoiding trauma, liver and renal biopsy samples were obtained.
Biochemical Analysis: The liver and renal tissues were first washed with cold deionized water to discard blood contamination and then homogenized in a homogenizer. Measurements on cell contest require an initial preparation of the tissues. The preparation procedure may involve grinding of the tissue in a ground glass tissue blender using a rotor driven by a simple electric motor. The homogenizer as a tissue blender similar to the typical kitchen blender is used to emulsify and pulverize the tissue (Heidolph Instruments GMBH & CO KGDiax 900 Germany®) at 1000 U for about 3 min. After centrifugation at 10,000 g for about 60 min, the upper clear layer was taken.
MDA levels were determined using the method of Van Ye et al,(20) based on the reaction of MDA with thiobarbituric acid (TBA). In the TBA test reaction, MDA and TBA react in acid pH to form a pink pigment with an absorption maximum at 532 nm. Arbitrary values obtained were compared with a series of standard solutions (1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane). Results were expressed as nmol/mg.protein.
Part of the homogenate was extracted in ethanol/chloroform mixture (5/3 v/v) to discard the lipid fraction, which caused interferences in the activity measurements of T-SOD, CAT and GST activities. After centrifugation at 10.000 x g for 60 min, the upper clear layer was removed and used for the T-SOD, CAT, GST enzyme activity measurement by methods as described by Durak et al21, Aebi22 and Habig et al23 respectively. One unit of SOD activity was defined as the enzyme protein amount causing 50% inhibition in NBTH2 reduction rate and result were expressed in U/mg protein. The CAT activity method is based on the measurement of absorbance decrease due to H2O2 consumption at 240 nm. The GST activity method is based on the measurement of absorbance changes at 340 nm due to formation of GSH-CDNB complex.
Histological determinations: Semiquantitative evaluation technique used by Abdel-Wahhab et al(24) was applied for interpreting the structural changes investigated in hepatic tissues of control and research groups. According to this, (-) (negative point) represents no structural change, while (+) (one positive point) represents mild, (++) (two positive points) medium and (+++) (three positive points) represents severe structural changes.
 Statistical analysis: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) 20.0 softwre was used for the statistical analysis


This study aims to explore deeper information regarding the comparison of the diversity and utilization of medicinal plant species from the Zingiberaceae family owned by the Javanese and Dayak tribes. The method used is a literature study by collecting data from books, journals, scientific articles, literature reviews containing the concepts studied. The results of research samples taken from 6 regions of the Javanese and 6 regions of the Dayak tribe showed a total of 40 species of the Zingiberaceae family found in the Javanese and 28 in the Dayak. The highest utilization used by the Javanese is turmeric (Curcuma domestica). . While the highest utilization used by the Dayak people is ginger (Zingiber officinale). Medicinal plants of the Zingiberaceae family that are used by the Javanese and Dayak tribes have various benefits. The part used for medicine is the rhizome.


This paper treats a problem to determine constraint forces in rigid mutibody systems. One of the most often applied algorithms for determination of constraint forces is based on the use of recursive Newton-Euler formalism. Another algorithm often applied for determination of constraint forces is based on the use of Lagrange multipliers. This paper presents a new method to determine constraint forces in rigid multibody systems. First relative displacements which violate the constraints, called anti-constraint relative displacements, are introduced, and governing equations which involve the constraint forces explicitly are derived. In the derived equations, the constraint forces appear independently from the Lagrange multipliers. Then, a method is proposed to determine the constraint forces by eliminating the Lagrange multipliers based on the methods proposed in previous papers by the author. The method is extended to have ability to treat systems with redundant constraints. Finally, validity of the proposed method is confirmed via numerical examples.


In 1926, Adolf von Harnack wrote two letters to Emmi Delbruck, his niece, who was later to become Klaus Bonhoeffer's wife. In these letters he attempts to answer questions with which she was preoccupied in the course of an existential and religious crisis. Harnack's letters provide a touching and theologically challenging resume of how he understood the essence of Christian faith and disprove many of the cliches about classic German ,Kultur-protestantismus'.


communication—"the motor boat age." The closing chapter explores the Athonite Commonwealth as it has extended into the diaspora, notably the seventeen monasteries established in North America in recent decades by Elder Ephrem of Philotheou, all of which are run on strictly Athonite lines. Attention is also given to the thriving monastery dedicated to St. John the Baptist founded in 1959 by Elder Sophrony in what was then a quiet corner of the English county of Essex. The daughter houses of the monastery of Simonopetra in France are also discussed. There is no doubt that Graham Speake has produced a polished and convincing account of the extraordinary impact that Mount Athos has had on the development of Orthodox monasticism worldwide and indeed on Orthodox spiritual life more generally. The book is elegantly and concisely written and, like its predecessor volume, sumptuously illustrated. One may of course probe the "commonwealth" label a little. While deliberately intended to denote a relatively loose form of association, I wonder if the label does not still run the risk of reifying what is at heart a highly complex and moving web of personal relations, institutional connections, more or less distant inspirations, pilgrimage patterns, literary resources, spiritual pedagogy, and much else. More to the point, is there not a risk of creating a rather Athonocentric model of Orthodox monasticism and spirituality that underplays the many other monastic and spiritual traditions of the Christian East and indeed elides the variety of opinion and practice on the Mountain itself? For all its undeniable heft and reach, Athos has no monopoly on Orthodox monasticism and spiritual practice. Such questions aside (and they are questions rather than criticisms), this is a handsome and important book that tells its story with flair and aplomb. It can certainly be heartily recommended.


SUMMARY I present, in a rigorous form, the Green's functions that represent the dynamic displacement response of an infinite, homogeneous and isotropic medium to a constant slip rate on a quadrantal fault that continues perpetually after the slip onset. I also present analytical expressions for the corresponding stress Green's functions that are a major simplification over previously known solutions. The equations derived can be utilized in the formulation of boundary element methods that discretize a fault plane into a set of small rectangular elements and assume the slip rate to be piecewise constant within each discrete element. 1I N T R O DUCTION In the boundary element method (BEM) modelling of the elastodynamic field created by slip on a fault in a three-dimensional (3-D) medium, the fault plane is often discretized into a set of small rectangular elements, on each of which the slip is assumed to follow certain types of spatio-temporal variation profiles. One of the simplest and most popular categories of such assumption is that of the so-called piecewise constant slip rate, which states that the slip rate takes a constant value everywhere and at every moment within a given rectangular element and within a given discrete time window. The elastodynamic field in the medium is calculated by convolving the discrete spatio-temporal profile of the fault slip with Green's functions corresponding to a constant slip-rate that takes place on each discrete fault element and within each discrete time window. The knowledge of these Green's functions therefore makes an indispensable part of the BEM modelling of fault dynamics. In mathematical terms, a constant slip-rate profile localized on a rectangular fault element and within a finite time window is equivalent to a superposition, with appropriate offsets in space and time and with appropriate sign reversals, of eight identical profiles of slip rate that takes a constant value everywhere on a quadrantal part of the fault and at every moment after the onset of slip (Fukuyama & Madariaga 1998). The question of calculating Green's functions for a constant slip rate on a rectangular space‐time element thus reduces to the question of calculating the Green's functions for a constant slip rate on a quadrantal fault that goes on perpetually after the onset of slip. The stress Green's functions for such a quadrantal fault model placed in an infinite, homogeneous and isotropic medium were obtained analytically by Aochi (1999) and Aochi et al. (2000a) and were fully utilized in their numerical simulation of fault dynamics. The analytical expressions for the displacement Green's functions have remained unknown, however, because of the complexity of the algebra involved. In the present study I have derived, in a rigorous form, Green's functions that represent the displacement response of an infinite, homogeneous and isotropic medium to a constant slip rate on a quadrantal fault that continues perpetually after the slip onset. Although these Green's functions can be evaluated numerically, the use of analytical expressions is highly beneficial from the viewpoint of computational efficiency. I have double-checked my equations by deriving them with two different methods and confirming their consistency with a corresponding two-dimensional (2-D) theory. I have also been able to substantially simplify the expressions for the stress Green's functions over those obtained by Aochi (1999) and Aochi et al. (2000a).


From the Botanic Garden of Bogor Agricultural University, Medicinal Plant Garden of Bandung Institute of Technology and Medicinal Plant Garden of Bumi Herbal Dago in Indonesia, 227 medicinal plants were examined by photographing. From the Botanic Garden of Bogor Agricultural University, 108 species in 46 families of plants were investigated. Among this botanic garden, the most dominant family was Compositae with 11 species, followed by Zingiberaceae with 9 species and Acanthaceae with 8 species. From Medicinal Plant Garden of Bandung Institute of Technology in Bandung, 43 species in 26 families of plants were studied. The most dominant family in this botanic garden was Acanthaceae with 6 species, followed by Lamiaceae with 5 species and Euphorbiaceae with 4 species. From the Medicinal Plant Garden of Bumi Herbal Dago in Bandung, 76 species in 33 families of medicinal plants were classsified. Among this botanic garden, the most dominant family was Lamiaceae with 10 species, followed by Acanthaceae with 7 species and Compositae with 6 species.


Lighting a room with excessive light intensity can certainly dazzle, otherwise low light intensity can make the object in the room can not be seen clearly, fluctuate condition of light intensity also can interfere the activity in the room. The room condition can follow the changing outdor condition, for example during overcast condition in the daylight, at the time of sunrise or sunset. Light intensity can be changed at any time, not accordance with the vision needs, so that can be interfere with the activity in the room. Therefore mechanism to set the light intensity of the lamp that would be able to control the light that dynamically depends on the light intensity and need of user.
In order to adjust the lamp intensity in a room, this research use the light sensor in the Android smartphone with interface application that connect with switch controller. Switch and Android smartphone work integratively by using WiFi connection.The design of mechanism or protocol of data communication between switch and user application is needed to work effectively. The result of system implementation is then being tested on a several test. To test the function of WiFi connection, comparing between Android smartphone light sensor vs luxmeter test, lamp dimmer test, protocol test, and control system test.
The result of research show that the value of android smartphone light sensor used in research not accurate to used to the mechanism because it does not correspond to the actual light intensity value based on Luxmeter Lx-100. In mechanism with setpoint based on Android smartphone light sensor readings at 403 Lux gained 1.6 seconds rise time, 2.2 seconds peak time, overshoot 59%, 2.4 seconds settling time.
Keywords : light sensor, Android smartphone, WiFi, light intensity control


Thirty species of Bopyridae in 25 genera and six subfamilies are listed for Queensland, of which 13 represent new state records, and eight are new to the Australian fauna. Of these, three new species are described: Scyracepon australiana sp. nov., infesting the crab Australoplax tridentata (A. Milne Edwards); Athelges ankistron sp. nov., infesting the hermit crab Diogenes pallescens Whitelegge; and Diplophryxus negrimaculatus sp. nov. infesting the palaemonid shrimp Phycomenes zostericola Bruce. Five previously described species are new records for Australia: Pagurion tuberculata Shiino, 1933; Pseudione magna Shiino, 1951; Dactylokepon richardsonae Stebbing, 1910; Megacepon choprai George, 1946; Eophrixus kuboi (Shiino, 1939). New Queensland records are: Anuropodione australiensis Bourdon, 1976; Aporobopyrina lamellata Shiino, 1934; Parathelges aniculi (Whitelegge, 1897); Pseudostegias dulcilacuum Markham, 1982; Diplophryxus jordani Richardson, 1904. Eleven species are recorded from Moreton Bay. Parabopyrella barnardi australiensis (Bourdon, 1980) is formally raised to full species status. Parathelges weberi Nierstrasz & Brender a Brandis, 1923, and P. whiteleggei Nierstrasz & Brender a Brandis, 1931, are considered junior synonyms of Parathelges aniculi (Whitelegge, 1897). An earlier record of Pseudostegias setoensis Shiino, 1933, from Queensland is re-identified as P. dulcilacuum Markham, 1982. Seventeen new bopyrid hosts are recorded. All species newly collected in Queensland waters are illustrated, and most are partially or completely described. Synonymies are complete except where otherwise noted, and are presented for all species known to occur in Queensland. q Bopyridae, new species, Queensland, Australia, Moreton Bay, taxonomy, parasitism, Decapoda Nine species of Bopyridae were collected during field work associated with the Thirteenth Inter national Marine Biological Workshop on the Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queens land, during February 2005. While that material forms the core of this report, the opportunity has been taken to review the bopyrid fauna of Queensland as a whole. Accordingly, other collect ions in the Queensland Museum were examined, and these were supplemented, as necessary, by examination of types and material from other Australian and European museums. In their catalogue of the Isopoda of Australia, Poore et al. (2002) list 31 species of 26 genera in 8 subfamilies of Bopyridae, including 17 species of 12 genera in 5 subfamilies from Queensland. The total for Queensland is here raised to 30 species in 25 genera in 6 sub families, and the Australian total is consequently raised to 39 species. Table 1 gives a full listing of the species dealt with in this paper and a sum mary of their host records and localities in Aus tralian waters. Abbreviations: AM, Australian Museum, Sydney; QM, Queensland Museum; ZMA, Zoological Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature Ÿ 2010 Ÿ 54(3) Ÿ www.qm.qld.gov.au 151 Citation: Markham, J.C. 2010 12 30. The isopod parasites (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae) of decapod Crustacea of Queensland, Australia, with descriptions of three new species. In, Davie,P.J.F. & Phillips, J.A. (Eds), Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Marine Biological Workshop, The Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 54(3): 151-197. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835.


Feeding is one of the most fundamental activities in the survival and reproduction of animals. During feeding, the gustatory system functions as a gate keeper to evaluate food quality. Accumulated evidence in the field of taste research has shown that five basic tastes (sweet, umami, sour, bitter, and salty) are sensed by the corresponding taste receptors expressed in taste receptor cells on the tongue. In contrast, brain mechanisms that transduce or modify taste information have been less studied. In this review, I introduce our recent findings on the sweet taste transduction in the brainstem of mice and explain the hypothalamic neuronal network regulating hunger-induced taste modification. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.


The following six papers were presented at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Surgical Seminars, during the visit of our Guest Professor fo.r 1966. Owing to the generous sponsorship of the McIlrath Trust, an overseas professor is invited to join the staff of the hospital for six weeks each year, and in 1966 we were privileged to welcome Professor Rodney Smith, M.S., F.RC.S., of St. George's Hospital, London.


June 1979 was a turning point for China. In the fast-moving world of today, one has to be careful in the use of catchphrases which can easily be invalidated when events of even greater import overtake them. Even so, the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress (NPC) may justly be regarded as a landmark in the brief post-Mao history of the People's Republic. Its significance pales, to be sure, when set against the T'ien An Men incident of April 1976, which gave the signal to the world that political and economic changes were in the making. Teng Hsiao-p'ing, deposed from all his posts as the main victim of that incident, emerged – fully rehabilitated – two years later as the chief architect of what can now legitimately be regarded as China's New Economic Policy. Of course, the foundation stone had been laid much earlier by the late Chou En-lai. Thus, as in the past, continuity and change were to live precariously side by side.


With the rapid transformation of society, education system reform in domestic has achieved great development, research on ideological and political education reform in higher vocational colleges oriented to entrepreneurship education has become increasingly popular and important, but is still faced with some problems in the process of reform, causing the domestic teaching level has not been much improved. Based on that fact, this article is going to discuss in detail, hoping the students can learn more things from the education reform process, which is also the ultimate goal of education research and the core task.


This chapter examines general bibliographic sources. In developing a search strategy, an awareness of general bibliographic tools and online searching strategies and procedures is useful. Just as each book is indexed and organized differently, each online database works differently. These differences factor into the development of search strategies. In addition, almost any research project will employ library catalogs and bibliographies. Library catalogs may include the collection of a single library or of many libraries, and bibliographies range widely in scope and size. National bibliographies are an important research resource, and those that cover discrete periods of time are often very useful. Meanwhile, many publishers, historical societies, scholars, libraries, and individuals have created websites that contain material of interest to legal researchers. When considering such sites, researchers should think about how to locate them, how reliable they are, whether they will exist in the future, and how they can be used.


Synopsis: The "comparative risk" standard established by Hope Natural Gas is a basic tenet of estimating regulated rates of return.1 Hope remains the sine qua non for determining whether regulated rates of return set by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and by state utility regulators are just and reasonable. In the last few years, however, the FERC's approach to setting regulated rates of return has evolved, and this evolution has raised new methodological and legal issues. This article examines how the FERC's approach to setting the rate of return for regulated electric companies and natural gas pipelines has changed over time, most recently including the changes arising out of its Atlantic Path 15, Williston Basin, and Kern River decisions. In this article, we evaluate approaches to determining comparable risk and the limitations of those approaches. We discuss controversies that have arisen in setting the rate of return within what regulators typically refer to as the "zone of reasonableness," and we explore how those controversies are embedded in the overarching meaning of "comparable risk." We also introduce a statistically robust approach that can avoid the more arbitrary aspects of establishing proxy groups. We conclude with recommendations as to how the FERC and other state and federal regulators can lessen these ongoing controversies while ensuring that allowed rates of return are truly "just and reasonable." I. INTRODUCTION Under the long-established but unwritten "regulatory compact,"2 a regulated firm agrees that the prices it charges will be set by regulators, and regulators agree that the prices they set will allow the firm to recoup its operating costs plus a reasonable profit. For a regulated firm, "reasonable profit" is defined as the rate of return that is sufficient to attract the capital the firm needs to continue to meet its obligations. Regulators rely on the regulated firm's overall cost of capital to estimate such a rate of return.3 There are two main components to any firm's overall cost of capital: the cost of debt and the cost of equity. The cost of debt generally can be directly measured, but the cost of equity cannot. As a consequence, determining an appropriate return on equity and an overall fair allowed rate of return for a regulated firm is one of the oldest issues in rate regulation. Beginning in the 1890s, state regulators relied on the "fair value" of a regulated firm's assets to determine the rate of return. This approach culminated in the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Smyth v. Ames,4 and came to be known as the "Fair Value" Doctrine. The Fair Value Doctrine did not last long; it collapsed under its inherent circularity - the value of a regulated firm was whatever regulators said it was.5 A decade later, in Consolidated Gas,6 the Court began to discuss the relationship between risk and return directly; it reasoned that a fair rate of return encompassed a return on invested capital and a return for risk.7 By 1923, in its Bluefleld decision,8 the Court had begun to zero in on the idea of comparable risk, stating as follows: A public utility is entitled to such rates as will permit it to earn a return on the value of the property which it employs for the convenience of the public equal to that generally being made at the same time . . . in other business undertakings which are attended by corresponding risks, and uncertainties;. . . . The return should be reasonably sufficient to assure confidence in the financial soundness of the utility and should be adequate ... to maintain and support its credit and enable it to raise money necessary for the proper discharge of its public duties. Two decades later, the principle of basing a regulated utility's return on the financial risks of other comparable firms was firmly established in the Court's 1944 Hope decision, in which die Court stated as follows: "[T]he return to the equity owner should be commensurate with returns on investments in other enterprises having corresponding risks. …


This article comes from a dissertation in progress, the Postgraduate Program in Science and Mathematics Teaching (PGECM) of the Federal Institute of Science and Technology of the State of Ceará (IFCE) – campus Fortaleza and funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). The objective of this work is to offer alternatives for the practice of teaching in the field of Analytical Geometry, aimed at the professional training of the future teacher of Mathematics, bringing visual and interactive approaches with the aid of the GeoGebra software. Didactic Engineering will be used as methodology, linked to the Theory of Didactic Situations (TSD), to carry out this investigation. In this way, we seek to collaborate with the training of undergraduate students in Mathematics, with the construction of didactic situations involving Analytical Geometry in an approach that explores visualization and understanding with the use of GeoGebra.


The analysis of literature results concerning tensoresistive effect in thin and thick films of metals, alloys or composite materials based on a metal is presented. Well-known semi-classical and phenomenological models for one- and multilaycred film systems are considered, results of their testing are presented, and the degree of conformity of calculated results with experimental ones is specified. A conclusion is drawn concerning significant role of deformation effects, which are taken into account to give satisfactory conformity with experimental data. A least studied problem in physics of thin films concerning the temperature dependence of coefficients of longitudinal and transverse ten-sosensitivity is analysed. Numerous experimental results, which confirm theoretical conclusions, are presented. Different aspects of practical application of film materials as sensitive elements of strain sensors are analysed.


There is growing evidence of the usefulness of lamotrigine (LTG) in primary generalised epilepsy (1, 2). This includes patients with absences resistant to previous treatment (3, 4, 5) . This brief report serves to supplement this information and refers to eleven patients (9 females) aged 20.2 & 8.1 (7-34) years with epilepsy of 11.7 t 6.6 (1-20) years duration. Seven patients were on sodium valproate (VPA) monotherapy, phenytoin (PHT) and VPA 1 patient, VPA and ethosuximide (ESM) 1 patient, carbamazepine (CBZ) and clonazepam (CZP) 1 patient and the final patient had not responded to VPA and was on no treatment. The reasons for initiating LTG therapy included ongoing seizures on treatment (7 patients), ongoing seizures and VPA associated weight gain (2), seizure free but VPA side effect marked hair loss (1) and one patient who had failed on VPA and was on no treatment. Six patients had absences only (1 atypical) and 5 patients had absences and tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). The patients have been followed up for 1.5 t 0.4 (1-2.5) years and the mean dose of lamotrigine was 5.1 & 2.1 (2.1-10) mg/kg/day. Of the 6 patients with absences only, 4 are seizure free, > 90 % improvement in one patient and > 75 % improvement in the child with atypical absences. In the 5 patients with absences and GTCS, 3 are seizure free, one patient is free of GTCS and has a > 75 % reduction in absences and in the final patient who became seizure free ceased LTG due to headaches and dizziness despite lowering the VPA dosage substantially. VPA was withdrawn in the 2 patients with side effects leading to a cessation of hair loss in one patient and an 18 kg weight loss in the other. VPA was reduced in 3 other patients, with PHT/ ESM and CBZjCZP withdrawn in two other patients. Finally 3 patients had side effects; one already mentioned ceased LTG, another patient accidentally took 400 mg LTG/day as opposed to 200 mg/ day for 4 days developing ataxia and diplopia, the final patient was therapeutically overdosed twice in association with VPA. This data supports the growing evidence that lamotrigine has a role to play in patients with resistant absences.


The Internet and World Wide Web have woven together humanity in new ways, creating global communities, new forms of identity and pathology, and new modes of intervention. This issue of Transcultural Psychiatry presents selected papers from the annual McGill Advanced Study Institute (ASI) in Cultural Psychiatry on ''Cultures of the Internet'' which took place in Montreal, April 26–29, 2011. The ASI addressed four broad areas: (a) how the Internet is transforming human functioning, personhood, and identity through the engagement with electronic media; (b) how electronic networking gives rise to new groups and forms of community, with shifting notions of public and private, local and distant; (c) the emergence of new pathologies of the Internet, e.g., Internet addiction, group suicide, cyberbullying, and disruptions of neurodevelopment; and finally, (d) the use of the Internet in mental health care, for example, by consumer advocacy and support groups, aswell as for the delivery of health information, web-based consultation, treatment intervention, and mental health promotion. In addition to some of the ASI papers, this issue includes other recent contributions to the journal on related themes. In this introductory essay, we set out some of the broad implications of the Internet and related new media and information communication technologies (ICT) for cultural psychiatry.


The present invention concerns zeolites with hierarchical porosity having a molar ratio Si/AI of between 1 and 1.4, inclusive, of which the average diameter, as a number, is between 0.1 [mu]m and 20 [mu]m, having controlled and optimised crystallinity, and having mesoporosity such that the mesoporous outer surface area is between 40 m2. g-1 and 400 m2.g-1. The present invention also concerns the method for preparing said zeolites with hierarchical porosity.


Purpose: To investigate changes in choroidal thickness after intravitreal injection of a dexamethasone implant for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion. Methods: Thirty-one eyes of 31 patients, treated with a single dose of a dexamethasone implant for retinal vein occlusion–associated macular edema, were included. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and central macular thickness of the affected eyes were compared with those of the normal contralateral eyes at baseline and 1, 3, and 5 months after injection. Results: The mean SFCT of the affected eyes (296.3 &mgr;m ± 61.6 &mgr;m) was significantly higher than that of the contralateral eyes (251.2 &mgr;m ± 57.7 &mgr;m; P < 0.001) at baseline. After injection, the mean SFCT was decreased compared with baseline in the treated eyes at months 1, 3, and 5. There was a correlation between SFCT and central macular thickness in the affected eyes at baseline (r = 0.397, P = 0.027). The change in SFCT was not correlated with the change in central macular thickness after injection. In the contralateral eyes, the mean SFCT did not change significantly. Conclusion: Subfoveal choroidal thickness in eyes with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion was higher than that of the contralateral eyes. Intravitreal injection of a dexamethasone implant was associated with a reduction in the choroidal thickness of the treated eye.


Introduction Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke, and has the poorest prognosis amongst all stroke subtypes. The goal of the INVEST trial, as well the parallel European EPOCH trial, is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the minimally invasive hemorrhage evacuation with Apollo device (Penumbra Inc, Alameda, CA) compared to medical management. Methods The INVEST study is a prospective multicenter US trial designed to enroll 222 patients at up to 30 centers. The parallel European EPOCH study is a 240 patient, 40 center RCT. Patients between the ages of 22–80 or <85 with baseline mRS = 0 or 1, NIHSS of at least 6, and presenting with a moderate to large volume supratentorial ICH (30–80 cc) within 24 h of onset are eligible for enrollment. Qualifying patients will be randomized (1:1) to either minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with Apollo or to the best medical management (MM). Follow up for each patient will be conducted at days 3, 7, discharge, 30, 90, 180, and 360 from enrollment. The primary endpoints are mRS ≤ 3 at 180 days and mortality at 30 days. Secondary endpoints include stroke impact scale (SIS)-mobility, SIS-ADLs and EQ-5D-5L at 180 days, and length of hospitalization. All imaging will be assessed by an independent core laboratory. Results Centers are currently in the process of initiation with a potential start date of forthcoming. Updated data on trial progress will be discussed at the time of presentation. Conclusion The INVEST and EPOCH studies are designed to provide an assessment of the safety and efficacy of Apollo MIS for the treatment of spontaneous supratentorial ICH. The parallel structure of the two trials presents a potential for a pooled statistical analysis provided the data are sufficiently homogenous. Disclosures D. Fiorella: 1; C; Sequent Medical, Penumbra, Microvention, Seimens. 2; C; Sequent, Microvention, Medtronic, Penumbra, Codman. A. Arthur: 1; C; Penumbra. 2; C; Penumbra, Stryker. J. Mocco: 1; C; Penumbra. 2; C; Lazurus Effect, Reverse Medical, Pulsar, Edge Therapeutics, Medina Medical. 4; C; Blockade Medical, Lazurus Effect.


Presents the findings of a study of female hospital cleaners in Sweden. Uses participatory research i.e. discussion and analysis of issues in groups to show how potential is often under utilized within such teams. Outlines the strengths which exist in subordinate groups in spite of structural obstacles. Focuses on models and methods to emphasize such strengths.


The study aims to assess the predictive values of certain psychological factors on the quality of life in patients with Head and Neck Cancer after radiotherapy. The authors conclude that the identification and the understanding of the depressive symptoms of patients, their beliefs about their illness as well as their coping strategies may provide the basis for timely implementation of appropriate intervention that may improve the quality of life in patients.


In the philosophical system of Immanuel Kant considerations regarding a state under the rule of law are frequently present; they serve a significant role in understanding his complex practical philosophy. That is why they should be captured in a wider context starting from freedom, which is the idea of practical reasoning and the basis of morality, and finishing with "the kingdom of ends" and his idea of perpetual peace. In the Kantian philosophy law is an element which directly links all the fields (ethics, philosophy of law, philosophy of politics, and historical philosophy). That is why Kant has been presented as the one who gave inspiration to many contemporary theoretical and legal trends which differ from one another. On the one hand, he is presented as a precursor of the theory of the law of Nature of a changing content. On the other hand, he is presented as a precursor of legal positivism or normativism. Kant and his critical philosophy has been referred to by almost every following thinker engaged both in philosophy and the theory of law. Therefore, one may and should refer to Kant for his philosophy constitutes a never-ending source of interdisciplinary inspiration.


Mercury has become a major concern in international community as UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) has recently adopted Minamata Convention on Mercury in an international community. In this study, substance flow analysis (SFA) of mercury was performed on waste materials from an industrial wastewater treatment facility. A number of waste and wastewater samples from the facility were collected to determine the levels and flow of mercury. Other relevant data such as sludgegeneration, chemical addition, and wastewater treatment rates were obtained through the field investigations, literature review from available reports and statistics. Data reconciliation with SFA Software (STAN) was used for mercury flow at the site by decreasing data error of this study by adopting Least Square Method and Error Propagation Theory. Based on the results of SFA, it was found that substantial amount of sludge included mercury in sludges from the treatment facility. As a result of this study, it was found that mercury flow was estimated to be 12.45 g/day (equivalent to 4.5 kg/yr), mainly from sludge treatment processfromthe industrial wastewater treatment facility. More detailed examination on more diverse industrial wastewater treatmentfacilities is needed to eliminate uncertainty of mercury flow from the site.


Memory is the single most unifying force of human identity, and people should be the owners and interpreters of their own memories. Popular memory is how an event is remembered. That event itself c...


Objective. Recent data have controversially suggested that variants of the organic cation transport genes SLC22A4 (OCTN1) and SLC22A5 (OCTN2) are responsible for the contribution of IBD5 to disease susceptibility in Crohn's disease (CD). The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of the SLC22A4 variant (1672C→T) and SLC22A5 variant (−207G→C) together with three IBD5 haplotype markers in the previously uninvestigated Swedish CD population. Material and methods. The study comprised 178 CD patients and 143 healthy controls (HC). Genotyping for IBD5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) IGR2096a_1, IGR2198a_1, IGR2230a_1, SLC22A4 1672C→T and SLC22A5 −207G→C was carried out using the TaqMan® system. Associations with disease susceptibility and disease phenotype were investigated. Results. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the investigated SNPs (D prime >0.92). IGR2096a_1 allelic frequency and homozygosity rates were associated with CD (44% CD versus 33.8% HC, p =0.008, OR =1.55 and 20% CD versus 12% HC, p =0.04, OR =1.93, respectively). Variant allelic frequency of SLC22A4, 1672C→T (44% versus 36%, p =0.03, OR =1.4) and homozygosity for the SLC22A4, SLC22A5 TC haplotype (1672C→T, −207G→C) (21.3% versus 12%, p =0.03, OR =1.78, population attributable risk (PAR) =11%) were associated with CD. There was no association between the allelic frequency of SLC22A5 and CD (46.6% CD versus 41.5% HC, p =0.82). The association of the TC haplotype with CD was not independent of the SNPs representing the extended IBD5 linkage interval. Conclusions. The IBD5 locus is associated with CD in the Swedish population. The strongest association is with the marker SNP IGR2096a_1, lying p-telomeric to SLC22A4 and SLC22A5. The effect of the TC haplotype was not an independent determinant in this population.


1. PREFACE The following translations were undertaken to provide easy access to a landmark in the historical development of the ideas of probability and statistical inference. First, the fourth part of Ars Conjectandi by James Bernoulli (1713) is presented in its entirety, and, second, excerpts are presented from correspondence between Leibnitz and Bernoulli, as found in Leibnitz (1855). The excerpts date from 1703 and 1704, not long before Bernoulli's death on 16 August 1705. In them, Bernoulli describes the main mathematical result of the Pars Quarta of Ars Conjectandi and debates with Leibnitz its implications. The correspondence also suggests that Bernoulli was dissatisfied with his mathematical demonstration in Pars Quarta and indeed this was the reason for the postponement of publication until after his death. In contemporary notation, Bernoulli shows that, if


The competitive interactions between two red beet cultivars ('Pablo F 1 ', prostrate, and 'Kamuoliai', ect.) and weeds, affected at different weeding times, were studied for three years at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture. In all years, a long period of weeding gave lower crop biomass reduction of both cultivars. When weeding was delayed from 2 to 12 weeks after red beet germination the crop biomass of both cultivars was reduced by much more than half. From weed density studies, crop competition during long period of weeding reduced the number of germinating weed species and lowered seed germination of Chenopodium album L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Cappsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medik., Stellaria media (L.) Vill. The two cultivars of red beet showed the same response to competition.


Nearly two decades after research suggested the concepts, [1] a consensus is growing in favor of school management at the building level, outcome-based curriculum and objective-oriented learning, complete with realistic training and performance measurement standards. Moreover, we have finally developed a means to transform the rhetoric into reality. Through computer networks even small schools or districts can easily and effectively evaluate needs, plan and implement improvements, and monitor performance on a continual basis. Numerous national studies [2] indicate that school-based management, with full decision-making authority and accountability at the individual-school level, is central to educational reform. For that approach to be successful, we must provide adequate support mechanisms for policy decisions, teacher involvement and curriculum development, planning, implementation, monitoring, and outcome-based learning. In this environment, computer networks can help local school principals and their staffs initiate and implement the necessary changes. The National Network Scene Merrimack Education Center (MEC) recently surveyed every state in the U.S. and found that approximately 60 percent now operate a statewide computer or telecommunications network. Major functions of these networks include state reporting, student information systems, e-mail, financial management systems, electronic bulletin boards (BBSs), instructional resource databases, instructional management tools and teacher certification records. States also listed additional functions of their networks such as test scoring and analysis, video instruction, educational data files, legislative information and computer conferencing. According to the survey, states reported that primary network users, ranked in order of frequency, are: principals, state departments, business managers, superintendents, teachers, curriculum specialists, librarians, personnel at institutions of higher education, researchers and school board members. Further, 75 percent of the states said that their networks link externally to other institutions--either remote or local--or to other networks. From this survey data, we can conclude some vital facts: that access to computer telecommunications systems, and the willingness to use them, exists in many of the nation's 16,000 school districts today. We may need to improve, however, the hardware and software tools, their ease of use and their interconnectivity capabilities to achieve maximum benefit for schools. Statewide computing networks can play a key role in achieving these goals. Networks, Integration Are Key To initiate school-based management successfully, educators and administrators must take maximum advantage of computer networks. Intelligent use of that technology can help to: * Strengthen the management of information within the school by providing decision-making support, resources and accountability for principals, their staff and community team members; * Integrate islands of computing and information, which must be linked for educators to be able to communicate effectively with one another (for example, linking student records with a curriculum management system); * Use computing as an information utility (i.e., provide more cost-effective and immediate access to more sources and types of information); * Link incompatible systems, allowing peripheral sharing and enhanced outbound communications facilities; * Meet the needs of individual schools while still enabling districts to distribute and manage software and resources centrally where appropriate; and * Link computer labs and classrooms to libraries and other departments, and connect individual schools to other district, regional, statewide, national and international educational institutions. Sophisticated and seamless networking technology exists today, at an affordable cost, to help meet all of those needs and more. …


Measurements have been made of the magneto-optical rotations at 435.8 nm of binary liquid mixtures of water with dimethylsulphoxide, formamide, methyl formamide, dimethyl formamide and acetonitrile as part of a study to investigate the applicability of the magneto-optical method in detecting weak molecular interactions in liquid mixtures. The departure from ideality of the mixtures was treated in terms of an excess magnetic rotation, αE. For mixtures of water with dimethylsulphoxide, formamide, methyl formamide and dimethyl formamide the values of αE indicated interaction between the components, whereas with acetonitrile the αE values were compatible with a breakdown of the water structure in the mixtures.


Multi-body simulation is a key method for design, homologation and research of railed vehicles of all kind. Not only the "classic" assessment of the rail-to-wheel forces and running stability but also many other common and advanced tasks can today be handled by multi-body simulation. This paper gives an overview of the multi-body simulation state of the art for the different fields of application, lifecycle steps and user groups in the railway industry, along with some examples of basic and advanced applications and current research topics.