The purpose of this research was to explore characteristics of youth who reported close relationships with people they met online. We used data from a national telephone survey of youth Internet users in the United States, aged 10 to 17 years old (N=1,560). One in ten adolescents (11%) reported a close relationship with a person met online. Results of a logistic regression indicated that the odds of forming close online relationships were about twice as high among youth with depressive symptoms, delinquent behavior, high Internet use, who sought out pornography online, had experienced unwanted online harassment, and had experienced an unwanted online sexual solicitation. Only 2% of youth reported such relationships with adults (18 and older) and many of these were with teens aged 18 or 19, less than 1% had an online relationship with someone over 21. Among youth with close online relationships, 3% sent or received sexual pictures and 34% met the person face-to-face. Of those who met the person, 4% of youth reported sexual contact. The great majority of youth were not afraid or uncomfortable during face-to-face meetings and it was common for parents to know of meetings. As youth continue to use online communication in diverse ways, it is important to better understand how youth are using the Internet to develop intimacy in their lives.


Atahualpa's remark to Francisco Pizarro, conqueror of the Inka empire, reveals differing attitudes towards the constitution and meaning of wealth; more importantly, it articulates the wider incommensurability of indigenous Amerindian and western world views that, from a.d. 1492, confronted, overlapped, and meshed with each other in a rich and complex array of myth and history. Three aspects of the contact experience have long been known and commented upon. Almost everywhere in the Americas, Europeans were initially regarded as powerful supernatural beings. They traded cheap, shiny goods variously for gold, silver, pearls, and pelts; and they brought crippling disease that devastated indigenous populations and traumatized their mythical realities. Hitherto, compartmentalized approaches to these issues have largely obscured their identification as integral parts of a larger, pan-Amerindian reality, whose framework supported a diversity of local and regional


The next generation digital versatile disk (DVD) using blue lasers will have a capacity of 13 to 15 Gbytes. Compared with current DVD, the wavelength will be shorter and the numerical aperture (NA) will be higher. But with the increase of NA and decrease of wave length, the depth of focus (DOF) decrease rapidly, which makes it hard for the servo-system to track. We propose an optimized three-portion phase-shifting apodizer to increase the depth of focus and at the same time minimize the spot size, which makes the DOF of next generation DVD comparable to current DVD. The simulation result shows that an optical system with this apodizer also has a good defocus characteristic. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.


The article is devoted to the consideration of Hngvostylistic tendencies of expressing sacral interpretation in New Testament parable. According to the specific character of this mental process it is named «sacral textative». We proceed from the fact that the sacral value interpretation is the leading paradigm of the New Testament parable and it displays a number of semantic signs such as Hngvostylistic peculiarities of the sacral textative.


Let χ(G) be a chromatic number of proper coloring on G. For an injection f : V (G) → {0, 2, . . . ; 2kυg } and f : E(G) → }1, 2, . . . , ke }, where k = max{ke , 2kχ } for kυ , ke are natural number. The associated weight of a vertex u, υ ∈ V (G) under f is w(u) = f(u) + ∑ uυ∈E(G)f(uυ). The function f is called a local vertex irregular reflexive k-labeling if every two adjacent vertices has distinct weight. When we assign each vertex of G with a color of the vertex weight w(uυ), thus we say the graph G admits a local vertex irregular reflexive coloring. The smallest number of vertex weights needed to color the vertices of G such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color is called a local vertex irregular reflexive chromatic number, denoted by χirvs (G). Furthermore, the minimum k required such that χlrvs (G) = χ(G) is called a local reflexive vertex color strength, denoted by lrvcs(G). In this paper, we will obtain the lrvcs(G) and characterize the existence of a graph with given its local reflexive vertex color strength.


With the rapid increase of ageing infrastructures worldwide, effective and robust inspection techniques are highly demanding to evaluate structural conditions and residual lifetime. The damages on structural surfaces, for example, spalling, crack, rebar buckling and exposure, are important indicators to assess the structural condition. In fact, several state-of-the-art automated inspection techniques using these indicators have been developed to reduce human-conducted onsite inspection activities. However, the efficiency of these techniques is still required to be improved in terms of accuracy and computational cost. In this study, a vision-based crack diagnosis method is developed using deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and enhanced chicken swarm algorithm (ECSA). A DCNN model is designed with a deep architecture, consisting of six convolutional layers, two pooling layers and three fully connected layers. To enhance the generalisation capacity of trained model, ECSA is introduced to optimize meta-parameters of the DCNN model. The model is trained and tested using image patches cropped from raw images obtained from damaged concrete samples. Finally, a comparative study on different crack detection techniques is conducted to evaluate performance of the proposed method via a group of statistical evaluation indicators.


In this work a high precision adaptive equalization method is proposed and analysed using constant modulus algorithm (CMA). It includes blindand adaptive equalization. This proposed algorithm is described and evaluated using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) transmission. The QPSK modulation in combination with frequency-domain constant modulus algorithm (CMA) method, which exhibits remarkable robustness to received signal. Complex-valued communication link utilizes new advanced algorithm for blind equalisation as constant module algorithm. The studied Digital Signal Processing algorithm is considered as important building blocks in digital coherent receivers for the future generation of optical communication systems. The simulated results are different in both based on bandwidth and side lobe suppression ratio.


We report extremely low specific contact resistivity (ρc) nonalloyed Ohmic contacts to n-type In0.53Ga0.47As, lattice matched to InP. Contacts were formed by oxidizing the semiconductor surface through exposure to ultraviolet-generated ozone, subsequently immersing the wafer in ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 14.8 normality), and finally depositing either Ti∕Pd∕Au contact metal by electron-beam evaporation or TiW contact metal by vacuum sputtering. Ti∕Pd∕Au contacts exhibited ρc of (0.73±0.44)Ωμm2—i.e., (7.3±4.4)×10−9Ωcm2—while TiW contacts exhibited ρc of (0.84±0.48)Ωμm2. The TiW contacts are thermally stable, showing no observable degradation in resistivity after a 500°C annealing of 1min duration.


Objectives First, to assess the psychometric properties of key questions included in a public sector evaluation of primary dental care in Brazil; and second, to evaluate the performance of dental teams in relation to these items. Methods Secondary analysis of a national primary care dataset monitoring quality and access to dental care. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with representatives of dental teams participating in the 'National Programme for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care'. Twenty-three mandatory questions about the dentists' reported delivery of dental procedures were included in the analysis. Item Response Theory (IRT) modelling was applied to measure the psychometric properties of the instrument—level of difficulty and discrimination parameter of each item—and then to estimate dental team performance scores based on these parameters. Based on IRT, possible scores ranged from -4 to +4. Results Three of the 23 mandatory items were removed due to poor internal consistency, resulting in a scale of 20 items for assessing dental team performance. The results showed variation in procedures delivered by the dental teams; whilst more than a half of the procedures were executed by at least 80% of the dental teams, those relating to dentures (partial/total) and frenectomy (lingual/labial) were performed by less than 30%. Amongst the 20 items included in the model, those related to partial/total dentures and oral cancer follow-up presented higher levels of difficulty and were less frequently provided. The items relating to the treatment of deciduous teeth and access to the dental pulp of permanent teeth had the highest discrimination parameters and, consequently, greater weight in the performance's score estimation; therefore, dental teams that did not perform these items had the lowest performance scores. In the present study, dental team performance scores ranged from -3.66 to +1.87 with a mean/median of -0.06/+0.01. Conclusion The findings suggest that whilst the items within the instrument demonstrated some potential to discriminate between poor and very poor teams, they were ineffective in discriminating between poor and good teams. Whilst Brazilian dental teams perform many mandatory procedures, variation in the nature of their delivery of care requires further investigation to enhance service provision to the population.


ABSTRACTTwo adaptive algorithms based oil extended Kalman filter for estimation of specific growth rate μ, concentrations of biomass X and product P for aerobic batch process of ergocriptin biosyntesis in deficiency of on-line information for state variables are synthesized. The algorithms efficiency is proved by simulation investigations on the basis of the process model. The estimation accuracies of the two algorithms are compared, the estimates obtained by one of the algorithms being compared with adaptive state observer ones. Conclusions about applicability of the proposed algorithms are made.


Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an auto‐ somal dominant hereditary precancerous condition caused by germline pathogenetic variants in the tumor suppressor adeno‐ matous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Patients with FAP develop multiple gastrointestinal adenomatous polyps usually at the age of ~20 years, which, if untreated, become cancerous in 100% of cases. Genotype‐phenotype associations have been exten‐ sively described; however, inter‐ and intra‐familial variability exists. It is crucial to characterize the causative pathogenetic variant in each pedigree in order to develop a cancer preven‐ tion program and follow‐up strategy for at‐risk families. The present report describes a severe case of sporadic FAP that was diagnosed when the patient was ~2 years old. The patient was a carrier of the de novo pathogenic c.4132 C>T (p.Gln1378X) variant. Additionally, the patient was a carrier of the homo‐ zygous c.5465 T>A (p.Asp1822Val) polymorphism, inherited from both parents. However, it remains unclear whether or not this polymorphism is involved in the phenotypic manifestation. This case highlights the need to extend molecular screening to very young children when they show iron‐deficiency, anaemia and/or rectal bleeding, even in the absence of a familial history of disease. Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women, with 1.4 million estimated cases worldwide, and 700,000 estimated deaths (1,2). Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant pre‐cancerous syndrome characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of colorectal adenomatous polyps that, if untreated, lead to CRC in the third to fourth decade of life (3‐5). According to the European Medicines Agency, in 2009, there were 3‐10/100,000 new cases in the European Union (6). Germline pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are responsible for FAP (7). De novo pathogenetic variants in APC are also found in the majority of sporadic cases of FAP (8,9). The APC gene is located on chromosome 5q and encodes a 312 kDa protein that is involved in several cellular processes, such as cell migration, adhesion and cell cycle regulation, as well as chromosome segregation, signal transduction and apoptosis (10,11). The tumour suppressing activity of APC depends on its capacity to regulate β‐catenin levels in the nucleus. In fact, in the absence of Wnt signalling, APC induces β‐catenin degradation. If the extracellular Wnt signal is absent, APC‐induced β‐catenin degradation is inhib‐ ited, β‐catenin accumulates in the nucleus and modulates gene transcription. Pathogenic variants that disrupt APC interaction with β‐catenin are oncogenic (6‐11). The classical symptoms of FAP, including bleeding, diar‐ rhoea and abdominal pain, are generally diagnosed at around 20‐25 years of age. Genetic testing is performed to verify the clinical diagnosis and to identify asymptomatic carriers in affected families. Early FAP detection by genetic screening in at‐risk families is crucial in order to implement effective prophylaxis strategies. Moreover, the results of genotyping should be considered together with clinical data to decide the type and time of surgery (12). Various symptomatic young patients with a family history of FAP have been reported, however we describe a case of severe paediatric FAP caused by a de novo pathogenic variant. Sporadic pediatric severe familial adenomatous polyposis: A case report ANDREA CERASUOLO1, ERASMO MIELE2, MARINA RUSSO2, ANTONIETTA AVERSANO3, FRANCESCA CAMMAROTA3,4, FRANCESCA DURATURO3,4, RAFFAELLA LICCARDO3, PAOLA IZZO3,4* and MARINA DE ROSA3,4* 1Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale'; Departments of 2Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics and 3Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II; 4Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, I‐80131 Naples, Italy Received January 7, 2019; Accepted June 4, 2020 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2090 Correspondence to: Professor Marina De Rosa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, I‐80131 Naples, Italy E‐mail: email@example.com *Contributed equally Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; FAP, familial adenomatous polyposis; APC, adenomatous poliposis coli; EGD, esophago‐ gastroduodenoscopy; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms


The topics covered include the following: (1) Advanced Launch System (ALS); (2) life cycle cost/lb payload; (3) current operational cost; (4) major cost driver; (5) fully automated operations; (6) technology impacts on vehicle dry mass efficiency; (7) single stage to orbit (SSTO) approach; and (8) efficient SSTO propulsion system operations.


E-commerce has been widely used as the development of internet and information technology. However,E-commerce as a virtual network transactions,has its inevitable limitations,consumers can't see the physical products when they buy products,which will bound to lead to a higher return rate. In this paper,under the premise of considering the returned time limit,a model based on the newsboy model has been designed. Then we analyze the relationships between the return price,return time and the sales price when the revenues and expenditures are in balance. Finally the generous return policy has been calculated out. The result of the analysis shows that the longer return term the retailers offer,the higher sales prices the customers can accept; the more highquality the products are,the more generous the return policy can be offered. The research conclusions can provide reference value to retailers to make reasonable return police decision.


A gasket for a compressed gas cylinder arranged to operate with a gas cylinder having a neck with a top surface around a gas outlet and a side surface extending downwardly from the top surface. The gasket may include an upper portion arranged for positioning on the top surface of the cylinder and for making a seal with the top surface, and a lower portion extending downwardly from the upper portion and around the side surface of the neck of the cylinder, such that the lower portion is arranged to make a seal with the side surface of the gas cylinder. Face and gland seals may be established by the gasket with an opening that receives the gasket and an associated cylinder neck.


A new spherical mobile robot BHQ-1 is designed. The spherical robot is driven by two internally mounted motors that induce the ball to move straight and turn around on a flat surface. A dynamic model of the robot is developed with Lagrange method and factors affecting the driving torque of two motors are analyzed. The relationship between the turning radius of the robot and the length of two links is discussed in order to optimize its mechanism design. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the good controllability and motion performance of BHQ-1.


Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are organic inflammatory diseases, caused by chronic mucosal inflammation of the gasrtointetinal tract. As the presenting manifestations of IBD and other diseases are similar, obtaining a clinical diagnosis can be difficult, and further invasive diagnostic procedures may be required in order to obtain a confirmed diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic utility of measuring fecal concentrations of lactoferrin as a simple and noninvasive indicator of disease activity in patients IBD and to be correlated with endoscopic findings and disease activity index and acute inflammatory response including leucocytic count, high sensitive CRP, ESR. Methods: This study was carried on 40 patients with IBD; 24 patients with active IBD (16 UC patients and8 CD patients) and 16 patients with inactive IBD (10 UC patients and 6 CD patients) versus 40 healthy controls. All patients underwent blood and stool sampling as well as an interview to assess the disease severity utilizing UC activity measured by the Truelove and Witts Severity Index and Crohn's Disease Activity Index. Measurement of FLA levels at different stages of inflammatory bowel disease activity to detect its role in assessment of disease severity. Results: This study showed that FLA levels were highest in patients with IBD in comparison with healthy group. FLA levels also correlated significantly with disease severity in patients with IBD where higher levels of FLA were found in patients with severe UC or Crohn`s disease. At cutoff value 9.68 ug/ml FLA showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in identification of patients with IBD from healthy subjects.
Conclusions: FLA is a sensitive and specific biochemical marker of inflammation for use in the diagnosis of suspected IBD cases, and its level correlates well with both clinical disease activity indices.


A facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis approach has been developed to prepare hierarchical and well-defined cobalt sulfide nanostructures. Different solvents (methanol, ethanol, glycol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol) were applied to investigate the influence of solvent on the morphologies evolution procedures. Morphologies such as sphere-, cube-, flake-like cobalt sulfide structures can be obtained, the surface appearance of the cobalt sulfide nanostructure also can be controlled by changing the solvent. The as-prepared products were characterized by Field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of different kinds of alcoholic solvents on the hierarchical CoS nanostructures was studied. It can affect the electrochemical capacitance performances directly and may have a potential application in electrical fields.


This study aims to find out how effective classical guidance services are in providing information regarding early marriage to students of SD Negeri Duren, Probolinggo Regency. This research is a pre-experimental research, with one group pre-test – post-test design. Test the hypothesis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 25 for windows. Based on data analysis, the results obtained sig. 2 tailed by 0.012 which is less than 0.05. So it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted, that is, there is a difference in the use of the Classical Guidance service model with Cinematherapy techniques for SD Negeri Duren students in increasing information about the phenomenon of early marriage. This study shows that the use of the Classical Guidance service model with Cinematherapy techniques effective in increasing understanding of the phenomenon of early marriage in SD Negeri Duren, Probolinggo Regency.


DESIGN
It was suggested that genetic factors play an important role in the regulation of bone mineral density and in the pathogenesis of bone fracture in osteoporosis. PvuII restriction polymorphism in the intron 1 of the gene coding estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) is indicated to play a significant role in osteopenia and osteoporosis development. The goal of our study was to determine the frequency and the significance of PvuII polymorphism of the ER-alpha gene in the group of postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
93 postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis (t-score lower than (-1), and 141 healthy postmenopausal women have been investigated for PvuII polymorphism of the ER-a gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays.

RESULTS
We have observed higher frequency of homozygous genotype PP (25.8 vs. 19.8%) and P allele (50.6 vs. 46.1%) in the group of women with low level of t-score. In the osteopenic women (-2.5 < T-score < -1.0) the significant difference in the distribution of t-score index and genotypes has been found. t-score index correlated with body mass index (BMI), mean body weight, BMD aged matched (AM) and BMD young adults (YA) index. The AM and YA index correlated with the number of pregnancies.

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of PP genotype and P allele could be connected with higher bone loss and with the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.


This article elaborates the current situation woman librarians serving in basic-level libraries are in the requirements placed on them in the 21st century.It points out the urgent need of upgrade their professional quality so as to meet the need of the development of the library and puts forward some practical methods to end the article.


While virtual reality systems seem to hold great promise for facilitating the use of computers, actual virtual reality development is fraught with difficulties. These difficulties include limited hardware, uncertain interface paradigms and the integration of various components and concepts into a high-perfomance system. This course addresses these and other difficulties. We begin with an introduction to the virtual reality field, both in reference to computer graphics and in terms of the current state of the art. "Interface hardware will be surveyed, emphasizing the performance limitations of current products. The human factors impact of the limited interface devices will be discussed on both a theoretical and phenomenological level. After setting this background, the external design of a virtual environment will be discussed from the point of view of how that environment is experienced by the user. The objects that populate a virtual environment will be discussed both in the abstract and through examples. The implications of the interactive user interface on system performance will be a primary focus. The actual implementation of the virtual environment will be addressed, discussing both the software platform and the overall system. The course will end with a discussion of virtual reality development on a budget and lessons learned about how to get a virtual reality project going from start to a useful application. By the end of the tutorial, attendees should be comfortable with the major issues involved in starting a VR lab and creating a complete, working VR system. These issues include limited hardware, uncertain interface paradigms and the integration of various components and concepts into a high-performance system. We begin with an introduction to the virtual reality field, both in referPermission to copy without fee all or part of this material ia granted provided that the G.spies are not made w distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notica and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee andior spacific permission. CH194 Companion-4/94 Boston, Massachusetts USA 01994 ACM 0-89791 -651 -4/94/0399 . ..$3.50 Computer Science Department Thornton Hall, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA. 22903-2442 804/982-22 11, Pausch@Virginia. Edu ence to computer graphics and in terms of the current state of the art. Interface hardware will be surveyed, emphasizing the performance limitations of current products. The human factors impact of the limited interface devices will be discussed on both a theoretical and phenomenological level. After setting this background, the external design of a virtual environment will be discussed from the point of view of how that environment is experienced by the user. The objects that populate a virtual environment will be discussed both in the abstract and through examples. The implications of the interactive user interface on system performance will be a primary focus. The actual implementation of the virtual environment will be addressed, discussing both the software platform and the overall system. The course will end with a discussion of virtual reality development on a budget and lessons learned about how to get a virtual reality project going from start to a useful application. This course is intended for those who wish to know how to design and implement working high performance immersive interactive virtual environments. Moderate maturity in three-dimensional graphics programming is assumed, including transformation matrices, use of graphics libraries and basic cartesian geometry. No knowledge of virtual reality is required.After taking this course, the attendee will have a greater understanding of how to develop a fully immersive interactive virtual reality system. The attendee will know how to select the hardware for a particular virtual environment, outline the appropriate software structure, and implement that structure in a way which will give the greatest possible performance.


In his Ars grammatica Fl. Sosipater Charisius quotes long portions of text which he has taken over from books of other grammarians. One of these quotations starts at 246.18 ('C. Iulius Romanus ita refert de adverbio sub titulo ϕορμν') and continues up to 289.17. At 246.19–252.31 we find a long argument in which Romanus offers a sort of introduction to the theory of the adverb. This introduction is a surprise to modern readers because it is written in a very rhetorical manner. I mention this because otherwise one cannot understand why at 251.22ff. the author of a Latin treatise on grammar should quote from a Greek work on Aristotle's Categories by a certain Aquila.


With a population of almost 1.2 billion people and an area of 3.3 million square kilometres, India is home to approximately 17 per cent of the world's population but constitutes just 2.4 per cent of its land area (MHA, 2011). India's rates of violence vary greatly from state to state, and city to city, ranging from relatively high to negligible. These rates are reflected in the nation's wellknown diversity in languages, literacy, economic status, and cultural customs. This Issue Brief analyses the diversity of firearm crime. It focuses on the number of people killed annually by gunfire, which represents the bestdocumented aspect of the problem. It uses statistical data from the 28 states and seven union territories of India, as well as data from 35 megacities (cities with more than one million residents) for comparisons (see Map 1). Major findings include the following:


Aim. To systematise data on pathogens of viral diseases of garden and berry crops in the south of the Russian Far East.Discussion. The peculiar climatic features of the Far East limit the range of garden and berry crops. However, there are a significant number of species of wild fruits and berry plants in the region, which have increased (often – record breaking) frost resistance and are therefore actively used for breeding new cultural forms. At the same time, for the last century and a half new varieties of garden crops have been actively introduced to the Far East, which has lead to an increase in the risk of penetration of entire phytovirus complexes together with vegetatively propagated (cuttings, vaccinations) plants. The greatest damage to garden crops in the Far East is caused by a number of representatives of the genus Nepovirus (Picornavirales: Secoviridae): Tomato ringspot virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Grapevine fanleaf virus, Grapevine linear pattern virus as well as several still unidentified viruses. Among other taxonomic groups of phytoviruses dangerous for fruit and berry crops one could point out Potato virus Y (Patatavirales: Potyviridae, Potyvirus), Carnation ringspot virus (Tolivirales: Tombusviridae, Dianthovirus), Clover yellow mosaic virus (Tymovirales: Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus), Cucumber mosaic virus (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus), Alfalfa mosaic virus (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae, Alfamovirus). The paper considers the species composition of aphids‐carriers of phytoviruses affecting garden crops of the region.Conclusions. In connection with the further prospects for the development of horticulture in the Russian Far East, it is necessary to intensify ecological and virological studies of this section of phytovirology as well as to increase access to agricultural producers with available test systems.


Objective To investigate intestinal mucosal injury and the change of free amino acid levels in plasma with intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (SPF grade) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 rats in each group:Blank group,Sham group and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group.The rats in I/R group were subjected to 60 min ischemia by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA),followed by 120 min repeffusion.All rats were sacrificed with blood withdraw through inferior vena cava.The plasma was precipitated with Sulfosalicylic acid and the supernatant free amino acid levels were measured and the intestinal mucosal thickness and villus length were also assayed.Results In the I/R group the total free amino acids,essential amino acids (EAA),glutamine and branched-chain amino acids (BCCA) were remarkably lower [the total free amino acids:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(4585.1 326.1) vs (5661.5 ±581.9) vs (5337.9±998.7) μmol/L (F=5.075,P=0.016); EAA:I/Rvs Blank vs Sham:(1401.3 ±183.4) vs (2147.6 ± 265.1) vs (1796.2 ± 440.8) μmol/L (F =1 1.216,P =0.000) ; glutamine:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(646.1 ± 34.7) vs (895.7 ± 258.8) vs (839.1 ± 163.7) μmol/L (F =4.326,P =0.027) ; BCCA:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(507.8 ± 119.0) vs (912.2 ± 165.8) vs (671.9 ± 79.8) μmol/L (F =10.662,P =0.001)]and the jejunum and ileum mucosal thickness and villus height were decreased compared to Blank and Sham groups [jejunum mucosal thickness:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(401.50 ± 117.79) vs (529.22 ±54.73) vs (499.54 ±64.48) μm (F=31.869,P =0.000) ; jejunum villus height:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(271.37 ± 84.29) vs (365.26 ± 46.98) vs (349.67 ± 56.11) μm (F =30.472,P =0.000) ; ileum mucosal thickness:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(254.20 ± 43.56) vs (324.70 ± 30.56) vs (298.26 ± 58.46) μm (F =30.442,P =0.000) ; ileum villus height:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(169.37 ± 37.25) vs (221.62 ± 37.26) vs (193.25 ± 38.39) μm (F =24.145,P =0.000)],and The EAA and BCAA in the I/R group were lower than the Sham group (respectively,P <0.05).There was no significant difference in aromatic amino acids (AAA) among the three groups [I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(273.2 ± 37.4) vs (296.8 ± 55.6) vs (281.9 ± 7.3) μmol/L (F =0.578,P =0.570)].The ratio BCAA/AAA in the Sham and I/R groups were significantly lower than the Blank group [(I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(2.4 ±0.6) vs.(1.9 ±0.4) vs (3.1 ±0.7) (F =5.215,P =0.014)],while the I/R group was decreased slightly compared to the Sham group,but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).The ethanolamine phosphate,taurine,citrulline,cystine,phosphoserine levels were reduced in the Sham and I/R groups compared to the Blank group [ethanolamine phosphate:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(11.4 ± 1.9) vs (14.3 ± 3.4) vs (10.1±1.7) μmol/L(F=5.897,P=0.009);taurine:I/R vs BlankvsSham:(341.1±36.3) vs(533.2±90.8) vs (439.2±105.4) μmol/L (F=10.702,P=0.001); citrulline:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(57.7±3.2) vs (73.1 ±16.2) vs (58.1 ±3.8) μmol/L (F=6.360,P =0.007); cystine:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(20.0 ± 3.6) vs (60.6 ± 24.6) vs (36.3 ± 5.8) μmol/L (F =15.344,P =0.000) ; phosphoserine:I/R vs BlankvsSham:(10.2±1.1) vs (15.8±5.4) vs (11.7 ±3.4) μmol/L (F=4.878,P=0.018)],and the taurine and cystine in I/R groups were significantly decreased than the Sham group (respectively,P < 0.05).The ornithine and arginine were comparatively reduced in I/R in contrast to the Blank and Sham groups [ornithine:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(81.5 ± 19.0) vs (125.5 ±42.3) vs (114.9 ± 19.5) μmol/L (F =4.961,P =0.017) ;arginine:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(199.2 ± 8.0) vs (258.9 ± 14.6) vs (248.7 ± 38.4) μmol/L (F =13.940,P =0.000)].The tryptophan and glutamic acid concentrations were increased in the Sham and I/R groups [tryptophan:L/R vs Blank vs Sham:(125.9 ± 12.1) vs (103.1 ± 29.9) vs (128.9 ± 18.5) μmol/L (F =5.429,P =0.031) ; glutamic acid:I/R vs Blank vs Sham:(188.6 ± 29.8) vs (93.6 ± 29.4) vs (125.4 ± 43.8) μmol/L (F =15.241,P =0.000)] and it was lower in the Sham group than the I/R group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion can cause intestinal mucosal injury and the change of free amino acid levels in plasma and intestinal barrier damage may be related to the decline glutamine concentration and the increase of protein catabolism.

Key words:
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion;  Free amino acid in plasma;  Intestinal mucosal injury


Determination of potential for recycling of polymeric products found in buildings from the 1960s and 70s - a case study


"Full custom integrated circuit design" is a professional basic course that requires undergraduate students majored in integrated circuit understanding the theory profoundly and more practical skills. This paper introduces a method of experimental teaching to help students understand two kinds of delay calculation model by designing a inverter with satisfying delay parameters as an example. It also helps student master the design method of stand cells for full custom integrated circuit and the related EDA tools. By comparing the two delay model calculation results with the simulation results, the students can not only comprehend the theoretical knowledge in a straight way, but also gain the skill of full-custom integrated circuit design. Therefore, the initiative and creativeness of the student are stimulated and a good effect is obtained.


This paper reviews the contributions of Jon Bing to the field of computerisation of law, using as its two bookends his groundbreaking 'Handbook of Legal Information Retrieval' (1984), and twenty years later his 2003 article "The Policies of Legal Information Services: A Perspective of Three Decades." The vision uniting these two works is that of an integrated national legal information service.


Abstract : The Reduction of Field Collected Data segment of the MOIDB System has the primary function of reducing the data that appear on the field data collection questionnaire to a format that can be computer processed and then stored on tape file so that it is accessible for information retrieval. The resultant information reflects the task performances, equipment utilization, knowledges, and special requirements that are actually experienced by Army personnel in the various MOS. This information is also associated with organizational and biographical data and permits the extraction of specific information in association with a defined set of parameters. The volume contains the program documentation for the Reduction of Field Collected Data Segment. (Author)


MATERIALS AND METHODS Four-month-old male SHR and WKY, 5 in each group, were used for the experiment. Under anesthesia (pentobarbital 40mg/kg, i.p.), these rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus, and enamel insulated platinum electrodes (0.3mm in diameter and 25mm in length) were bilaterally implanted into the frontal cerebral cortex. The electrodes were placed 2mm from midsagittal line, 2mm anterior to the bregma and inserted 2.5mm in depth from the convex of the skull. These electrodes and a reference electrode on the midsagittal line, 4mm anterior to the bregma, were connected to a miniature receptacle and the whole assembly was fixed on the skull with dental cement. Regional cerebral flow (rCBF) was measured in conscious rats in a small gas chamber by the hydrogen clearance method. In each rat the measurement was made 2 weeks after the operation to avoid variation due to the effect of the implantation. Before the first measurement of rCBF, the left femoral artery and vein were catheterized for the direct measurement of arterial blood pressure (BP) and for the gradual injection of norepinephrine by a Harvard pump, respectively. BP was elevated by norepinephrine infusion and reduced by the withdrawal of blood. rCBF was measured at various blood pressure levels.


This whole genetically-modified food debate has been very difficult for me. On the one hand you have reactionary hippies pitching a fit, and I'm pretty used to agreeing with those people. But on the other hand you have mad wild-haired scientists violating the very laws of God and Earth, and I love those guys too! It's like if Gabrielle got into a fight with Agent Scully. How could I choose?


In this paper we further investigate acoustic energy as a tool to enhance the recovery rate of a self healing material. Time reversal is the method used for the focusing of acoustic energy at a recovering location. Our recent tests, which have produced promising results, included applying acoustic time reversal in an iterative fashion in order to focus and amplify a stress-wave at a defect within a solid rod. Two types of rods were used for testing; (i) a solid steel rod (non-dispersive) and (ii) a brass tube lled with a fully cured two-part epoxy (dispersive). The curing of a two-part epoxy is treated as being analogous to the curing of a self healing material. We have continued to look at the eects of acoustic energy on the curing of the epoxy. It was found that the curing rate of the epoxy was accelerated with the introduction of acoustic energy.


We thank Picconi and colleagues1 for their valuable comments on our study.2 They observe a lack of standardization for measurement of glycemic variability (GV) and suggest that there might be different outcomes with different GV measures. Furthermore, the authors suggest a possible confounding role for insulin secretagogues on GV and oxidative stress parameters.

The lack of standardization of GV measurement methods is a problem we had discussed.3 This lack limits comparison between trials and we would highly support development of a consensus on, ideally, one measure. We agree that mean amplitude of glycemic excursions has several limitations: not measuring excursions smaller than the standard deviation as well as not taking the frequency of excursions into account. Therefore, our group has developed a new measure that we believe overcomes these limitations and has proven robust in diabetes4 and intensive care unit populations5: mean absolute glucose change (MAG). This is a simple summation of all changes in glucose per unit of time and can be taken from self-monitored blood glucose profiles, blood glucoses, and continuous glucose monitoring traces.

To investigate the influence of different measurement methods, we also measured the relation between oxidative stress and continuous net glycemic action (reflected as CONGA-1, CONGA-2, CONGA-4) as well as mean of daily differences originally in the subject study.2 As expected, all GV measures were highly correlated and, also for these additional measures, we were not able to show a correlation with oxidative stress in our population. To improve readability, we decided not to include them in the paper.

Picconi and colleagues suggest that our outcomes might have been influenced by insulin secretagogues and other drugs used in our study population. It could be that the formation of oxidative stress is prohibited by these medicaments but, as mentioned, our population showed optimal glycemic control. The results of our study therefore reflect the current situation of diabetes regulation, which relies on polypharmacy. Moreover, it is plausible that mean glucose is the main driver of oxidative stress6 and not the way by which that mean glucose is reached. Noteworthy in this perspective is that the patients in the original Monnier article7 were allowed to use insulin secretagogues, which did not seem to influence the positive correlation found between GV and oxidative stress.

In conclusion, we support that future studies use standardized GV measures, for which we propose the MAG, and, in case of isoprostane measurement, high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure oxidative stress.


O ver the past decade, video laryngoscopy has profoundly transformed airway management. Its recent inclusion in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Difficult Airway Algorithm validates its adoption. Not surprisingly, the commercial success of the GlideScope (Verathon Medical), the first mass-produced video laryngoscope (VL), has inspired many other companies to enter the airway management market.


In a sixteenth-century report into the treatment of Amerindians in its new world colonies, the Spanish Council of the Indies noted that 'all Indians are inclined to vice and drunkenness and laziness, never applying themselves willingly to any sort of labour'.1 Indians, a Spanish physician concurred, were 'given to wine and drunkenness'.2 A few decades earlier a colonial account of pre-conquest indigenous culture in Peru similarly concluded that 'drunkenness and intemperance in drinking was a characteristic passion of these people'.3 In the late eighteenth century a priest in colonial Mexico commented that 'everyone knows the Indians' predisposition to drunkenness'.4 One could easily cite a stream of comments spanning the intervening two hundred years, and from across Spanish America, that make the same observation about Amerindians and their tendency to get drunk. Proclivity to drunkenness, in short, was one of the criticisms most frequently levelled against Spanish America's native peoples during the colonial era.5


This study examined the parameter controlling the set-state resistance (Rset) of a Pt/TiO2/Pt resistive switching (RS) cell in unipolar RS mode. Although the compliance current in the current-voltage sweep had some effect on the Rset, the uncontrolled flow of charge from the parametric analyzer prevented making an accurate estimation of the parameters. The current transient in pulse switching observed using a high-speed digital oscilloscope and physical modeling showed that the capacitive charge moves vigorously at the moment of on-switching, and Rset is governed by the level of migrating charge. The actual switching time was ⪡50 ns.


Prolonged debate over the National Energy Plan resulted in a Natural Gas Policy Act which needs to be revised to reconcile policy conflicts. The effort to manage demand by changing utility rate design to incremental pricing has distorted demand and caused some users to switch to oil. A survey that will be used to prescribe regional cost price ceilings for alternative fuels will also be used to justify higher rates for industrial users, with consumers ultimately paying higher costs. Some policy conflicts are inevitable when the goals are to stimulate supplies and restrict demand, but a balance must be drawn between protecting reserves or using gas to lower oil imports; between shifting economic burdens to industrial users or risk losing the industrial market; and between holding down prices or risk discouraging exploration and production.


Abstract During the spring, summer, and fall of 2003 and 2004, 947 and 1,970 Planorbella trivolvis (=Helisoma trivolvis) collected from 1 site in Portage County, Wisconsin, U.S.A., were measured and examined for larval trematodes. Cercarial morphology was used to identify trematode larvae, and the prevalence of each larval type was determined. Totals of 292 and 618 larval trematode infections, including 140 and 191 identified as Ribeiroia ondatrae, were observed in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In addition to R. ondatrae, collections yielded 8 morphologically distinct larvae: echinostome, armatae, magnacauda, amphistome, cystophorous, longifurcate-pharyngeate/strigea, brevifurcate-pharyngeate/clinostomoid, and brevifurcate-apharyngeate. Ribeiroia ondatrae and echinostome larvae contributed 30.9% and 25.2%, respectively, of the overall trematode prevalence observed in 2004, whereas magnacauda, cystophorous, longifurcate-pharyngeate, brevifurcate-pharyngeate, and brevifurcate-apharyngeate infections were only infrequently encountered. Because the prevalence of R. ondatrae might have implications for the genesis of amphibian malformations in the field, the focus of this study was to determine how the prevalence of R. ondatrae fluctuates with time. In both 2003 and 2004, the total intramolluscan trematode prevalence, as well as that of R. ondatrae and echinostome larvae, increased significantly from spring to fall. These results were reaffirmed in an analysis of snail size and trematode prevalence, which showed that intramolluscan prevalence increased from spring to fall within all size classes. However, unlike the prevalence of echinostome larvae, the prevalence of R. ondatrae exhibited a midsummer decline before rising rapidly in late September and October.


Jung, Yong-duck.October, 2006.The past, the present, and the future of government reform,Reports,[Seoul, South Korea]The Presidential Committee on Government Innovation & Decentralization,35


The formation of an optimal portfolio can be done with the Safety First Criterion method which is based on down side risk, namely the risk of causing a loss. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal portfolio using Safety First Criterion method. Safety first criteria for portfolio selection are concerned only with the risk of failing to achieve a criteria minimum target return or secure prespecified safety margins. There are three criteria for the Safety First, namely Roy, Kataoka and Telser criteria. The results of this study formed an optimal portfolio with different risk values the Roy criteria is 0.0486, Kataoka is 0.0487 and Telser is 0.0527. So that the best portfolio of the three criteria is Roy's criterion because it has the lowest risk value with expected return the same


Ultra Wide Band (UWB) wireless transmission has recently been the ob- ject of considerable attention in the field of next generation location aware wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This is due to its fine time resolution, energy eciency and robustness to interference in harsh environments. This paper presents a thorough ap- plied examination of prototype IEEE 802.15.4a impulse UWB transceiver technology to quantify the eect of line of sight (LOS) and non line of sight (NLOS) ranging in real indoor and outdoor environments. The results included draw on an extensive array of experiments that fully characterize the 802.15.4a UWB transceiver technology, its reliability and ranging capabilities for the first time. The goal of this work is to validate the technology as a dependable wireless communications mechanism for the subset of sensor network localization applications where reliability and precision positioning are key concerns.


The metabolisms and effects of several anthelmintics on 3 adult filarial nematodes, Litomo- soides carinii, Dipetalonema viteae, and Brugia pahangi, have been compared. The latter 2 differ from the obligate aerobe, L. carinii, in that they survive for extended periods of time anaerobically, indicating that they obtain their metabolic energy by utilizing anaerobic pathways. In accord with their apparent anaerobic nature, fermentation balance studies indicate that D. viteae and B. phangi are homolactate fermenters. L. carinii, on the other hand, forms appreciable quantities of acetate in addition to lactate and C02. Isotope studies indicate that the tricarboxylic acid cycle does not con- stitute a quantitatively significant energy-yielding pathway in L. carinii. Instead, findings suggest that the aerobic requirement of L. carinii may reside completely in one system, the oxidative decarboxyla- tion of pyruvate to acetate and CO2. Cytochrome c oxidase activity could not be demonstrated in any of the parasites as assayed by the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c. 1-Tetramisole at low concen- trations (4.2 X 10-7 M) completely stops motility of all 3 species within 1.5 min. d-Tetramisole also inhibits motility effectively, but it is considerably more readily reversible than the corresponding levo-isomer.


Separation of household waste at the source plays an important role in the sustainable management of MSW. In the present study, SWOT analysis, which is one of the strongest strategic planning techniques, was used to determine the effective factors and the most appropriate strategies
 for household waste separation in Ahvaz, Iran. Data were collected from 20 experts and 523 households using questionnaires. The overall priority scores of the internal and external factor evaluation matrices were 1.579 and 2.736, respectively, which indicates the unfavorable conditions of
 internal factors and relatively favorable conditions of external factors in the separation of household waste at the source. SWOT analysis showed that the competitive strategy is the most appropriate strategy for household waste separation at the source in Ahvaz, which is based on the maximum
 exploitation of opportunities with simultaneous reduction of weaknesses. The potential of energy saving as a result of recycling materials and electricity generation from municipal solid waste by anaerobic digestion process in Ahvaz was obtained at about 176 and 53 GWh/year, respectively.
 The results showed that SWOT analysis can be a promising method to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of separation of household waste at the source and provide the most appropriate strategy for their segregation.


The gas-liquid combustion and flow field in HTP/kerosene engine thrust chamber were numerically simulated in the paper.Discrete phase modeling(DPM) and SST k-ω turbulence model were used to simulate the kerosene gas-liquid flow and turbulence respectively.A one-step general reaction model of fuel was employed to simulate the kerosene vapour combustion.The combustion flow field and performance parameters of the combustion chamber were numerically investigated.A foundation for the further numerical research was established in this paper.


The purpose of this paper is to implement the "Soil and Water Assessment Tool" model to examine the effects of land use change scenarios exert on runoff discharge and sediment yield from Song Cau catchment in Northern Viet Nam. Prior to the scenarios, the particular hydrological and erosion regime of the catchment, representative of the tropical climate, was fully demonstrated. SWAT successfully predicted soil losses from different HRUs that caused significant sediment yield. Facing the problem of reservoir inadequacy in the near future, this study attempted to assess the impact of pre-specified land use change scenarios, in terms of quantifying the results from the application of crop rotations and special cultivation techniques that was most susceptible to erosion. All scenarios resulted in a decrease in soil losses and sediment yield comparing to the current land use status. The model predicted explicitly the consequences of non-structural mitigation measures against erosion. The understanding of land use changes in relation to its driving factors provides essential information for land use planning and sustainable management of soil resources, under the special conditions of Viet Nam.


This chapter deals with nonparametric inference for quantiles from a Bayesian perspective, using the Dirichlet process. The posterior distribution for quantiles is characterised, enabling also explicit formulae for posterior mean and variance. Unlike the Bayes estimator for the distribution function, our Bayes estimator for the quantile function is a smooth curve. A Bernshtĕın–von Mises type theorem is given, exhibiting the limiting posterior distribution of the quantile process. Links to kernelsmoothed quantile estimators are provided. As a side product we develop an automatic nonparametric density estimator, free of smoothing parameters, with support exactly matching that of the data range. Nonparametric Bayes estimators are also provided for other quantile-related quantities, including the Lorenz curve and the Gini index, for Doksum's shift curve and for Parzen's comparison distribution in two-sample situations, and finally for the quantile regression function in situations with covariates.


A variety of host galaxy (bulge) parameters are examined in order to determine their predictive power in ascertaining the masses of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of the galaxies. Based on a sample of 23 nearby galaxies, comprised of both elliptical galaxies and spiral/lenticular bulges, we identify a strong correlation between the bulge gravitational binding energy (Eg), as traced by the stellar light profile, and the SMBH mass (M•), such that M• ∝ E. The scatter about the relationship indicates that this is as strong a predictor of M• as the velocity dispersion (σ), for the elliptical galaxy subsample. Improved mass-to-light ratios, obtained with IFU spectroscopy and I-band photometry by the SAURON group, were used for those sample galaxies where available, resulting in an energy predictor with the same slope, but with reduced scatter. Alternative M• predictors such as the gravitational potential and the bulge mass are also explored, but these are found to be inferior when compared with both the bulge gravitational binding energy and bulge velocity dispersion predictors, for the full galaxy sample.


Rest tremor without unequivocal bradykinesia is a syndrome with an undetermined diagnostic outcome and a diagnostic challenge. Down the road, sometimes after a decade or more, the majority of these patients develop full-blown Parkinson's disease (PD), but more rarely they can have features indicative of essential tremor, with a rest component, dystonic tremor, or Holmes tremor (Fig. 1). Patients with benign tremulous PD typically present with tremor at rest as the leading diagnostic feature, but tremor may be present during posture and may even have a kinetic component. In the early stages, the typical signs of PD according to the British Brain Bank criteria (BBBC) may not permit a diagnosis of PD, and slowness and absent decrement of repetitive movements (or sequence effect) in particular may not be sufficiently prominent to diagnose bradykinesia. At this stage of the condition and particularly if it persists for at least 2 years, the MDS consensus statement on tremor suggests that the syndrome be labeled "monosymptomatic tremor at rest." Recently, syndromes such as these that do not fulfill the BBBC criteria for PD have been labeled prediagnostic PD. The likelihood that monosymptomatic tremor at rest represents an early form of PD can be increased with additional testing. If a patient has rest tremor but does not meet the criteria for a formal diagnosis of PD, it has been suggested that confidence in the diagnosis can be increased with imaging measures of striatal dopaminergic function using fluorodopa positron emission tomography (FD-PET) or FP-CIT singlephoton tomography (FP-CIT SPECT). Unfortunately, the studies that used these measures did not provide long-term clinical or pathological follow-up on these patients. The question remains open whether only those with monosymptomatic tremor who have reduced dopaminergic terminals in the striatum will go on to develop the more classical features of PD. In other words, it remains unknown at what stage in the evolution of tremor-dominant PD, dopamine depletion can be expected to be seen with PET or SPECT measures of striatal dopaminergic activity. Isolated reports suggested that this may be quite early, but more information and particularly clinicopathologic correlation studies are required to be certain. It is interesting that more pathologic information is available on patients with essential tremor who express rest tremor than on PD cases who present with isolated rest tremor. Rajput et al described 6 patients with both rest and action tremors who at pathology did not have specific PD abnormalities and were finally diagnosed as having essential tremor with a rest component. Rest and action tremors were described in an additional 6 patients in this series who also had akinesia and rigidity. At postmortem, 1 had Lewy pathology, 2 had pathological features of PSP, 1 had extensive etat cribr e in the basal ganglia, and 2 were determined to have had neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Nine additional cases with longstanding ET presented with bilateral rest tremor in addition to their action tremor and showed no evidence of Lewy pathology at autopsy. Several similar individual cases with pathology are included in larger series dedicated to other topics. On the other hand, tremor-dominant PD has rarely been the subject of specific pathological analysis. Hirsch et al (1992) compared 6 tremor-dominant and 5 non-tremor-dominant PD patients and found that perirubral and retrorubral dopaminergic cells were more prominently depleted in the tremor-dominant cases. This observation has never been confirmed, and others have reported a different biochemical pattern of degeneration in patients with the tremor-dominant variant. In summary, there is evidence for a variant of essential tremor with a rest component that does not have Lewy pathology and does not meet pathologic criteria for PD. Less is known about the tremor-dominant form of PD, its natural course, the likelihood it will convert to a more typical form of PD, and the results of autopsy studies. -----------------------------------------------------------*Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. G€ unther Deuschl, Department of Neurology, University-Hospital-Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, ChristianAlbrechts-University Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; email@example.com


The article covers the essence and the key role of marketing communications in the market and business of nowadays, the trends of development of marketing communications – the growing popularity of the Internet, changes in the consumers' communications, the increased importance of direct marketing, as well as the selection of marketing communications based on the stages of product life cycle. Attention is devoted to the types of marketing communications at a particular stage of buyers' behaviour. The authors availed of the results of their piece of research of 2011 where they used data of companies, polled consumers with the sample totality of 417 respondents, as well as performed an examination.


The invention discloses a logic switch and a lever thereof. The logic switch comprises a casing, the lever rotationally connected to a pin shaft, an inductive element used for sensing characteristic variation of fluid outside the casing and loading induction torque relevant to the sensed characteristic variation of the fluid on a first part on one side of the pin shaft, an offset element used for loading pretension torque opposite to the induction torque on the first part of the lever, and a microswitch which is turned on or off by responding the variation of torque on the lever loaded on the inductive element and the offset element, wherein the lever further comprises a middle part positioned between the first part and a second part, and the middle part is provided with at least two through holes which are formed at an interval, have the centers aligned and are basically the same as the pin shaft in size to allow the pin shaft to penetrate therein. Compared with the lever of a logic switch in the prior art, the lever provided by the invention has the advantage that the condition that a long hole is processed is changed in the condition that two short holes are processed, so that processing can be easier, and the tolerance requirements on shaft-hole matching can be ensured more easily.


One of the health problems in Indonesia is the high prevalence of stunting in infants. Determinants and specifically the relative contribution of prenatal and postnatal factors to growth and nutritional status of Indonesian infants were investigated. Newborn infants, from women recruited at 18 wk of pregnancy from 9 rural villages in West Java, Indonesia, were followed until 12–15 mo of age. Weight, length, morbidity, breast-feeding and food intake were assessed monthly. Determinants of length and weight increase and nutritional status reflected by Z-scores were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Neonatal weight (3.2 0.5 kg) and length (49.7 2.2 cm) were reasonable. However, growth started to falter at 6–7 mo of age, resulting in prevalences of 24% stunting and 32% underweight at 12 mo of age. The multiple regression models explained 19–41% of the variation in growth and nutritional status of infants. Neonatal weight ( 0.285) and length ( 0.492) were the strongest positive predictors of weight-for-age and height-for-age Z-scores, respectively. Fever was negatively associated with weight increase ( 0.144) and weight-for-age ( 0.142) and weight-for-height Z-scores ( 0.255) but not with length increase or height-for-age Z-scores. Intake of complementary foods was positively associated with increases in weight ( 0.190) and length ( 0.179) and nutritional status of infants ( 0.136–0.194). In conclusion, in this rural population in West Java, neonatal weight and especially length, reflecting the prenatal environment, are the most important predictors of infant nutritional status. J. Nutr. 132: 2202–2207, 2002.


Abstract As an effective and possible method for computing PageRank problem, the inner-outer (IO) iteration has attracted wide interest in the past few years since it was first proposed by Gleich et al. (2010). In this paper, we present a variant of the IO iteration, which is based on multi-step power and multi-step splitting and is denoted by MPMIO. The description and convergence are discussed in detail. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


[1] A new Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic is applied to identify the atmospheric conditions relevant for the fractionation of stable water isotopes during evaporation over the ocean and subsequent transport to Greenland. Northern Hemisphere winter months with positive and negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index are studied on the basis of ERA-40 reanalysis data. Diagnosed moisture transport conditions are supplied to a Rayleigh-type isotope fractionation model to derive estimates for the isotopic composition of stable isotopes in winter precipitation on the Greenland plateau for the two NAO phases. Because of changes in atmospheric circulation, moisture source locations for precipitation in Greenland vary strongly for different phases of the NAO. The mean source SST is ∼5.0 K warmer during negative NAO months compared to the positive phase. This signal is considerably stronger than what would result from interannual SST variability at a spatially fixed moisture source. Furthermore, moisture transport takes place at warmer temperatures during NAO negative conditions. Simulated average isotopic depletion of Greenland precipitation is less negative by 3.8 ± 6.8‰ for δ18O during the negative compared to the positive NAO phase. Comparison with ice core data from central Greenland for three winters shows good agreement between observed and simulated variability. The synoptic interplay of the initial conditions at the moisture sources and of the atmospheric transport conditions leads to enhanced NAO-related interannual variability of stable isotopes. This could be important for understanding rapid shifts in stable isotopes during past climates. The isotope modeling applied here, however, considerably underestimates the absolute level of isotopic depletion. The offset is attributed to approximations in the model and uncertainties in the comparison with observational data. The high spatial resolution of the Lagrangian method reveals the nonhomogeneous structure of isotope NAO variability over the Greenland ice sheet. The results are therefore potentially useful for selecting new ice core drilling sites with maximum NAO variability.


The Golden anchovy Stolephorus insularis was recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean near Tel-Aviv, Israel on 7 August 2009. This northern Indian Ocean species evidently reached the Mediterranean by crossing the Suez Canal from the Red Sea. Since then, several specimens were collected over a period of time which indicates that this species has established a viable population in the Levant.


I enjoyed reading the article by Moretti and coworkers1 in which they reviewed the preventive and therapeutic potential of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, and multiple sclerosis. The authors discussed the neuromodulatory functions and antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid in relation to synaptic activation and neuronal metabolism. They referred to several studies that have indicated an association between low ascorbic acid levels and neurodegeneration. They mentioned that ascorbic acid acts mainly by decreasing oxidative stress and the formation of protein aggregates, effects which could contribute to the reduction of cognitive and/ or motor impairments seen in neurodegenerative disorders. The authors also cited several studies that support a possible role for ascorbic acid in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. I wish to discuss the potential role of the epigenetic effects of ascorbic acid in neurodegenerative diseases. Epigenetics (above or in addition to genetics) is presently an active area of biomedical research. It involves the study of changes in gene expression not involving changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetics involves molecular mechanisms such as DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAmediated regulation of gene expression.2 Regarding DNA methylation, it occurs due to the conversion of cytosine to 5methylcytosine (5mC) by the addition of a methyl group. This reaction is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases using Sadenosylmethionine as the source of the methyl group. There is increasing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression are involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.3,4 In recent years, ascorbic acid has been found to have a role in epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression.5 In 2013, several groups showed that ascorbic acid serves as a cofactor for the teneleventen translocation (TET) dioxygenases.6-9 These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of 5mC to 5hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and then to 5formylcytosine (5fC) and 5carboxylcytosine (5caC).5 Abnormalities in the concentrations and/or activities of 5mC and 5hmC in the brain have been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.4,10 As ascorbic acid is associated with 5mC and 5hmC, abnormalities in the concentration and/or activity of ascorbic acid in the brain could be associated with the development of these diseases. I suggest that in addition to the ways by which ascorbic acid may be associated with neurodegenerative diseases suggested by Moretti et al,1 ascorbic acid could also be associated epigenetically with the development of neurodegenerative diseases.


Objective: Update concussion recovery curves by considering pre- and postinjury modifying factors. Determine whether there is a dose-response for modifying factors on recovery. Setting: Sports medicine concussion clinic. Participants: A total of 314 athletes aged 12-23 years within 7 days of a concussion enrolled between 2015 and 2018. Design: Prospective cohort study. Main Measures: Categorical recovery time defined as days from injury to full medical clearance for return to play per established criteria. Preinjury factors included age, gender, concussion history, and migraine history. Postinjury factors included loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, posttraumatic migraine symptoms, and high symptom burden. Results: Average recovery was 27.5 ± 25 days. Five factors were prognostic of recovery: (1) younger than 18 years, (2) female, (3) history of migraine, (4) posttraumatic migraine symptoms, and (5) high symptom burden (P < .05). Recovery percentage at 21 days after injury was 96.7% for participants with 0 factor, 65.3% for those with 1 to 2, and 31.8% for those with 3 to 5—with prognostic separation in low- to high-risk groups of 62%. Conclusions: Findings support a dose-response for combined pre- and postinjury factors on recovery. Both the type and quantity of modifying factors influence recovery and should be considered in prognosis and approaches to multidisciplinary care.


Rocket (Eruca sativa L.) plants grown in sand culture were exposed to different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 100, 1000, 2000 and 3000 μΜ) of sodium selenate for 10 days. Selenate up to 10 μΜ enhanced the growth and levels of chlorophylls, sugar and amino acids. However, high levels of selenate (100 μM and up) exert toxic effects. Selenium uptake by rocket plants reduced uptake of some nutrient elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Se). Selenate significantly increased the uptake of Ca ions. Proline level was significantly increased in the Se-treated plants. The levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, ascorbic acid and carotenoids) were increased by selenate. Low selenate (5 μΜ) diminished lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde. The activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase) in rocket green tops were enhanced by low level of selenate. The results showed that both enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants as well as Ca played significant roles in selenate detoxification. Rocket plants can survive in soil contaminated with low level of selenate up to 100 μM.


Interregional cooperation is not only one of the key factors of economic growth, but it also ensures the preservation of the single economic space of the country. The purpose of the study is to analyze interregional interaction between the subjects of the European North of Russia. The article presents a theoretical overview of the works of domestic and foreign authors on this topic. The strategies of socio-economic development of the regions of the European North of Russia are considered in order to reflect the issues of interregional interaction in them. The existing cooperation agreements between the regions are analyzed. Content analysis of action plans for the implementation of these agreements is carried out on the example of the Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions. A brief overview of interregional projects implemented in the considered constituent entities of the Russian Federation is presented. Conclusions are drawn that the state authorities of the regions recognize the importance and necessity of developing interregional cooperation, but the main form of interaction is still the exchange of experience, as well as the holding of joint cultural and sports events. Not all regional socio-economic development strategies fully reflect the issues of interregional cooperation and possible prospects for its development. The obtained results contribute to the study of issues of interregional cooperation, can be used in the framework of the implementation of the state policy on the development of interregional ties, cooperation of regions to solve common problems in the economic and social spheres. As part of further research on this topic, it is planned to study interregional economic and cooperative ties, including in the implementation of joint investment projects.


The interest in geodesically complete cosmologies arises in 1990 with the publication of the first non-singular cosmological model by Senovilla. Since then, the number of new regular inhomogeneous cosmologies has increased very little and therefore it has been suggested that they may be a negligible subset among cosmological models. In this talk we want to show that it is possible to obtain general singularity-free cosmological models depending on two nearly arbitrary functions.


The United States Coast Guard (USCG) has entered a
unique period in its history marked by the aging of its legacy
cutter fleet, the construction and integration of replacement
cutters, tight fiscal constraints and the recent modernization of
its logistics support organization. The achievement of maritime
missions is dependent on the proper allocation of agency resources
across the operation, maintenance and repair of Coast Guard
cutters. Interdependencies caused by the shared resources of time,
funding and inventory parts create complex interactions between the
components that make up the Coast Guard's cutter operations and
maintenance system. This thesis uses System Dynamics modeling and
simulation techniques to analyze the Coast Guard's cutter
operations and maintenance system to identify system constraints,
evaluate policy and resource alternatives, and recommend policy
changes to improve the operational availability of the fleet. The
application of System Dynamics modeling and simulation tools
identify several high leverage variables in the operations and
maintenance system structure. Small changes to these variables
capitalize on the reinforcing feedback mechanisms already present
in the system structure to produce significant improvements in the
operational availability of the fleet. Maintenance and repair part
inventory levels and operational policies governing cutter standby
status are identified as key drivers of system performance, and
specific recommendations are provided to increase operational
patrol hours by up to 15% and decrease cutter casualty hours by up
to 25%. Other recommendations include the revision of command
performance metrics to drive behaviors that influence these high
leverage variables, application of System Dynamics principles to
new cutter sustainment strategies, and expansion of the use of
real-time operations and engineering data in engineering and
scheduling policy decisions.


The paper introduces a solution to the clock synchronization and timing problem in a distributed system. We present a grammar extension to LOTOS called DLOTOS and give an example of implementing discrete clocks. The resulting extension supports distributed processing and Internet computing.


Abstract : Tests were accomplished on two different Microwave Relay Transmitter and Receiver combinations operating in the frequency ranges of 7.125 to 8.4 GHz and 14.4 to 15.25 GHz. Measurements to determine interference characteristics included: receiver off-channel rejection, receiver intermodulation, transmitter spectrums, transmitter intermodulation, and second harmonics. Based on the test results, the adjacent frequency spacing should be at least 20 MHz and 50 MHz for RML-4 and TerraCom equipment, respectively. Additional measurements are recommended on new equipment in the 14.4 to 15.25 GHz range for valid criteria for the handbok in preparation. (Author)


This study aimed to design interactive learning media of Programming Logic using Adobe Flash CS6 applications, and determined the effect of student interest in those media. This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Mesjid Raya which students of multimedia class X as the sample. The method of this study was the research and development area. There were several stages carried out for the research process, which started from the concept, design, material collection, process, testing and distribution. The technique of data collection used a questionnaire. This media application has been tested and validated by the experts of multimedia. The results of this study was the coefficients test obtained 2 variables that affect interest, namely the media and material. The effect of attracting students' learning interest using this media gets 52.7% results. Threfore, it can be concluded that interactive media programming logic can influence to attract students' learning interest.


The effects of fluctuating light on photosynthesis are examined. A simple model of leaf photosynthesis is used so that the analysis can be presented in explicit terms, the time-dependent problem is solved, and the response of photosynthesis to step changes in light-flux density is calculated. The presence of light fluctuations can cause a discrepancy between measurements and estimates of photosynthesis; the relevant factors are the response time of the device used for measuring light-flux density, the response time of the photosynthetic system in the leaf, and the steady-state light response curve with the degree of non-linearity and the value of the light-flux density for maximum photosynthesis being especially important. Some general methods for estimating practically the effects of light fluctuations on photosynthesis are described. The use of the methods of time-series analysis in such problems is discussed.


Within the scope of this work, an existing positron coincidence Doppler broadening spectrometer has been improved, such that firstly with a remoderated positron beam a focus of 0.3mm can be achieved on the sample and secondly the sample can be cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature. Furthermore, with this spectrometer coincident Doppler broadening measurements on ion-irradiated samples consisting of magnesium and the magnesium based alloy AZ31 have been performed which showed that no agglomeration of zinc in the vicinity of irradiation induced defects occurs.


In the pluralistic society, the insight of multiculturalism is essential in creating peaceful life of thensociety. This article discusses how education plays in building mutlicultural character among the societynmembers. If the children learn and understand multiculturalism at their early age, they will be tolerant of thendifferences. Having reviewing the existing literature critically, this article concludes that the institution of earlynchildhood education has a strategic role in multicultural education. The early childhood education institutionnshould design and develop multicultural learning environment in growing their appriciation of multiculturalism.nThe teachers are encouraged to work together with the parents, society members, and nongovermentnorganizations to meet the multicultural needs of the children.


Earth scientists have always been interested in the description and analysis of surfaces, particularly those which serve to describe mapped data. The methods used in this context fall into two categories, written descriptions (using terms such as dip, strike, plunge, isoclinal folding, attitude of axial plane, iaiiation etc.1 and mathematical approximations. To overcome the inadequacies of verbal descriptions, earth scientists have turned to the more consistent and objective techniques of numerical approximation. The transition to the mathematical approach was essentially synchronous with the advent of fairly sophisticated computer Programs which made practical the highspeed computation of large matrices and the generation of complex functions.


Electronic Commerce and Internet are profoundly changing the way goods are exchanged, but there is still little confidence among users concerning the security of their data. The application of formal techniques to the modelling and design of electronic commerce protocols should help to improve their reliability and so enhance the choices of these new technologies. In this paper, basic concepts of security and payment protocols are described, the NetBill protocol is graphically specified and its behaviour in terms of reliability is formally verified using the SPIN tool.


In cultured chick skeletal muscle cells loaded with Fura-2, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors herbimycin A and genistein abolished both the fast inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphatedependent Ca2+ release from internal stores and extracellular Ca2+ influx induced by 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3). Daidzein, an inactive analog of genistein, was without effects. Tyrosine phosphatase inhibition by orthovanadate increased cytosolic Ca2+. Anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblot analysis revealed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 rapidly (0.5–10 min) stimulates in a concentrationdependent fashion (0.1–10 nm) tyrosine phosphorylation of several myoblast proteins, among which the major targets of the hormone could be immunochemically identified as phospholipase Cγ (127 kDa), which mediates intracellular store Ca2+ mobilization and external Ca2+ influx, and the growth-related proteins mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (42/44 kDa) and c-myc (65 kDa). Genistein suppressed the increase in phosphorylation and concomitant elevation of MAPK activity elicited by the sterol. Both genistein and the MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 abolished stimulation of DNA synthesis by 1α,25(OH)2D3. The sterol-induced increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of c-myc, a finding not reported before for cell growth regulators, was totally suppressed by the specific Src inhibitor PP1. These results demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation is a previously unrecognized mechanism involved in 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulation of Ca2+homeostasis in hormone target cells. In addition, the data involve tyrosine kinase cascades in the mitogenic effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on skeletal muscle cells.


M ost existing naval theory has been developed and written by naval practitioners and scholars from the perspective of major or global naval powers and deals with large navies. In the last decade the emphasis of this literature has shifted from concern with warfighting missions to the political use of navies. Moreover, such analysis has inevitably focused more upon the exercise of global presence by navies and thus their political, military, and diplomatic uses within a global context. This perspective is of limited use for most navies in the world. Smaller navies are limited in their operating areas and geographic reach and, therefore, cannot seriously consider global tasks or missions. They need a naval theory derived from their own perspective, and with the advent of the new ocean regime after 1982, this need has become even more pressing. The new accretion of immense maritime zones bestows tangible and intangible interests upon a coastal State. These include the acquisition of living and nonliving resources and the legitimate control of maritime activities under nationaljurisdiction within the zones. In addition, these newly acquired maritime interests expand significandy a coastal State's sense of national interests. Clearly, navies will playa major role in upholding and protecting these national maritime interests. Nevertheless, these forces face a new context in which political, diplomatic, and legal emphases outweigh the conventional warfighting role in terms of naval planning and policymaking. This situation manifests the underdevelopment of naval theory vis-a.-vis small navies in general, and the role of navies in fisheries and other maritime resources issues in particular. What would be useful, and what this paper seeks to provide, is a theoretical framework-based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982 LOS Convention)-which provides small navy planners with a clear objective in formulating a State's naval policy. Such a framework will provide naval planners with a rationale for the protection of all national maritime interests within the national 200-mile exclusive economic zone and, at the same time, furnish national maritime policymakers with an understanding of the importance and necessity of including naval forces in their plans.


: The development of new media technology continues to promote the transformation and upgrading of the hotel industry, and UGC has become one of the driving forces affecting the development of the hotel industry. Consumers turn into content producers and release UGC content through new media means to shape different hotel images, which brings opportunities and challenges for hotel branding. Therefore, analyzing the impact of UGC on hotel brand image plays an important role in enhancing hotel competitiveness. This paper adopts the literature research method to sort out the current hotel image shaped by UGC content in the hotel industry, with its problems, and explore how the hotel industry can actively respond to the opportunities and challenges, so as to provide a feasible basis for the high-quality development of the hotel industry.


Turn-by-turn navigation system, which is integrated in a car radio (112) of a vehicle, comprising: a control unit having a visual display (104) and selection control elements (106); a processor (108) is electrically coupled to the control unit and configured to receive selections of the control unit; a database (114) with road network / address information, which is set up for inputting data base information to the processor (108); and a vehicle tracking means (110) which is adapted to enter the vehicle location information to the processor (108); wherein the processor (108) is arranged to be calculated based on a received destination selection by the control unit and received road network / Address information from the database (114) a turn-by-turn route to a selected destination, wherein in a navigation display mode instructions, and a-turn icon image (802) generated with an embedded countdown beam on the visual display (102), wherein the degree of approach of the vehicle to a turn-off point by a gradual highlighting the countdown bar and is identified by a multi-stage gradual change in shape of the turn Iconbilds (802) comprising a change in shape of a curved arrow in a right-angled arrow, and wherein the selection control elements (106) are arranged such that they allow a vehicle operator to have access to the navigation display mode both to the car radio (112) as well as to navigation features, and wherein the display (104) is set up such Asked in that it displays the navigation display mode by the selection controls (106) are available choices of the car radio (112).


This report presents the results of its performance assessment of the feasibility of applying cooperative vehicle-highway automation systems (CVHAS) to bus transit and freight movements in the metropolitan Chicago area. Cooperative vehicle-highway automation systems are systems that provide driving control assistance or fully automated driving and are based on information about the vehicle's driving environment that can be received by communication from other vehicles or from the infrastructure, as well as from their own on-board sensors.


A new superposition method for deflections of beams is suggested.A simply supported beam can be turned into a cantilevered beam.The slope and displacement at specific cross-section of the simply supported beam can be obtained by making use of the traditional superposition method for the cantilevered beams.The slope and displacement of the free end of an overhanging beam with discontinuous cross section,which cannot be determined by the traditional superposition method,are obtained.The maximum displacement of the simply supported section of the overhanging beam is also calculated.The new superposition method is applicable to simply supported beams with concentrated forces,couples and distributed loads.It is especially useful for the calculations of the slopes at the supports of simply supported beams and the slopes and displacements at the free ends of overhanging beams.


Abstract It is challenging to solve the phonon Boltzmann transport equation numerically due to the stiff collision term induced by small relaxation time. In this work, a discrete ordinate method with streaming and collision processes is developed for phonon Boltzmann transport equation. This method is explicit and does not need a linear solver. Moreover, it is uniformly stable in terms of the Knudsen number and has an asymptotic-preserving property. Thus, the time step is not restricted by the phonon relaxation time. In order to validate the present method, we investigate four numerical test cases, including cross-plane heat conduction, in-plane heat conduction, one-dimensional transient thermal grating problem and a hotspot problem. Numerical results show that the present method can capture the ballistic-diffusive transport phenomenon accurately and efficiently in a wide range of Knudsen numbers, and may provide an alternative tool for a deep research into multiscale phonon transport problem.


and at the EUI for comments on a very early draft. We also thank Tim Storey at the National Conference of State Legislatures for providing data on state political affiliations. All errors remain our own. Correspon-Abstract We show that redistributive tax and transfer systems have a distortionary effect and an insurance effect, if agents face idiosyncratic uninsurable earnings risk. These two effects imply that redistributive taxes decrease both mean consumption and the standard deviation of consumption. Using household data, we construct an 'income compression' measure of the redistributiveness of the tax system and empirically test for the presence of these two effects by exploiting differences in US state taxes. We find that tax redistributiveness explains much of the variation in the mean and standard deviation of the within-state consumption distributions over the US. This provides evidence for the presence of both distortionary and insurance effects of redistributive taxes and transfers.


Self-excited induction generators (SEIG) are gaining importance as compared to conventional generators due to their capability toconvert wind energy into electrical energy for a wide range of variation in operating speed. The performance of such a generator depends upon the load, rotor speed and excitation capacitance. Therefore, depending upon the operating conditions, the output voltage and frequency of this machine goes on changing and this imposes a restriction on its usage. In order to maintain constant voltage and frequency, it need controllers, which make the circuit complicated and also increases the overall cost of power generation. This paper presents a simple controller to regulate the output voltage and frequency of SEIG for variation in its operating conditions due to any change in load, rotor speed and excitation capacitance (R, N, C) and their combination. The controller presented is simple in design, user friendly and is also less expensive, as the elements used in the controller are only resistors, inductors and capacitors. A block of SEIG for steady state operation is also modeled and presented in this paper. SEIG, Controller and other components are modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink.


A real-time software system was developed for the VAX 11/780 which employs ten processes cooperating concurrently in the task of data acquisition and on-line analysis for the Free Quark Search experiment at the new colliding beam storage ring facility (PEP) located at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The system utilizes most of the resources available to the applications programer under VAX 11/780 VMS, including interprocess communication via mailbox, global event flag cluster, and mapped global section, and is written primarily in FORTRAN IV PLUS with time-critical portions in MACRO-11. A discussion of the system architecture, implementation, and performance is given. 6 figures, 1 table.


This paper summarises the symptoms and control measu re s of common major turf diseases in Germany, so that when importing German turf v arieties, China can not only aim at importing excellent varieties with suitable life habits, but can also aim at carrying out necessary screening and examining for disease resistance on these varieties.


Department of Energy (DOE) Orders and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes and Standards require fire suppression in gloveboxes. Several potential solutions have been and are currently being considered at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The objective is to provide reliable, minimally invasive, and seismically robust fire suppression capable of extinguishing Class A, B, and C fires; achieve compliance with DOE and NFPA requirements; and provide value-added improvements to fire safety in gloveboxes. This report provides a brief summary of current approaches and also documents the successful fire tests conducted to prove that one approach, specifically Fire Foe{trademark} tubes, is capable of achieving the requirement to provide reliable fire protection in gloveboxes in a cost-effective manner.


I The present invention provides a new compound having a thrombolytic, wherein three kinds of activities of blood clots and radical scavenging activity represented by the general formula (I) and, T is the connection arm having for at least two connections, having a Q has fibrinolytic activity the peptide, and R In addition, the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition comprising the preparation and use, and the compound of the compound.


Calcium mediates the process of adaptation in sensory hair cells and influences the open probability of their mechano-electrical transducer channels. Since the stiffness of the hair cell bundles partly depends on the transducer channels' open probability, variation in the concentration of extracellular calcium is expected to change the micro-mechanical properties of the hair cell bundles. The present experiments show such a dependence and can be understood in terms of calcium shifting the hair cell's operating point on the currentdisplacement curve, together with producing a shift on the associated hair bundle stiffness-displacement curve.


In recent years,the occurrence of orange anthracnose is very serious,yield lost severe,which has threatened to the development of orange industry in Longmen County,Guangdong Province,and seriously threatening the farmers' increase production and income.Regarding the occurred characteristics and epidemic rule of orange anthracnose,the author proposes targeted prevention and control measures.


An integrated, automated and consistent incident management system platform will be described. The purpose of the system is to provide a platform for building an incident management system that keeps an incident's consequences to an acceptable level both in terms of economical losses and personal injuries. Research and field experience will outline the basis for a communication system that offers guaranteed bandwidth to every application. But in order to make the reaction fast and adequate the system must also tightly integrate all equipment on a software protocol level, both legacy and new technologies. Finally, a predictable reaction, avoiding human error, is only possible if the system includes a certain intelligence and knowledge of the environment. The paper lists the advantages of the proposed solution, and demonstrates the requirements imposed on the communications system are vital to the succesful deployment of the platform. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


We present a case of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) discussing how cutaneous manifestations of disorders or  syndromes can be difficult to identify, especially when they are present since birth, present also in a  percentage of normal population, and especially when these are isolated findings, not accompanied by other  clinical relevant signs or symptoms. It is well known that NF-1 is a rather heterogeneous condition, with different degrees of expression and including cutaneous manifestations. Although there are some life  threatening complications clearly associated, for most patients the primary concern and main clinical impact remains the disfigurement caused by the presence and growth of cutaneous-dermal neurofibromas. These lesions can be underestimated especially in the impact on quality of life and sequelae that can cause if abnormally large and not removed. We present a clinical history spanning several years, before managing to properly diagnose our patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 and treat the relevant skin manifestation causing significant deformity and quality of life consequences.


The existed shortage of highway alignment design based on design speed was analyzed.On this condition,two factors of design speed and operating speed were taken into consideration at the same time and according to operating characteristics of car on road and the demand of alignment design,a new design method and design flow were introduced,which can be used as a reference for a design parameter of highway alignment.