Noble gas elemental and isotopic data on mantle-derived materials such as mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), hotspot volcanics, diamonds, and mantle xenoliths published up to August 1993 are reviewed critically. Characteristic features of the mantle-derived materials, which are important in evaluating the significance of the data, are discussed. We choose MORB glasses, hotspot volcanics, mantle xenoliths, and diamonds as the sources to infer the noble gas state in the mantle: MORB and hotspot volcanics to represent the modern depleted and the less degassed mantle, and diamonds to represent the ancient mantle. Because of various fractionation processes, the elemental abundance data obtained from the mantle-derived materials is unlikely to constrain the noble gas composition of the mantle, except for the systematic enrichment of the heavier noble gases relative to air. On the other hand, apart from the secondary addition of radiogenic components such as 4He, 21Ne, 40Ar, 129Xe, and 131–136Xe, the noble gas isotopic compositions deduced from the mantle-derived materials can provide useful information as to the values in the mantle; a best estimate of the mantle noble gas state is presented.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of population growth on sustainable development. The population growth rate has a negative effect on sustainable development according to the estimates (Generalized Least Squares and instrumental variable) obtained with data from 146 countries covering 1990-2012 period. Accordingly, the increase in the population growth rate reduces the level of sustainable development. The population growth rate of 0-14 years has a negative effect on sustainable development, while the 15-64 years population growth rate and the population growth rate above 65 years have no significant effect on sustainable development. On the other hand, the impact of population growth on sustainable development varies according to the level of development of the countries. Population growth rate in developing countries affects sustainable development negatively, population growth rate in developed countries affects sustainable development positively.


In tourism industry perceptions are major influencing factors of visiting a destination. Tourism products cannot be pre tested prior to purchase. Therefore tourists rely a lot on perceptions and images of a destination. India is generally known for its myriad of culture, spirituality, climate and diversity. Image of India has suffered a tremendous jolt overseas after a few incidents of rapes and crimes have surfaced against women. Keeping this in mind this paper is an attempt to find out the risk perceptions of foreign women travelers to India and whether they consider India a safe destination for women. They were administered questionnaires taking the parameters that Gunn, 1972 had introduced. A sample of 100 international women tourists was selected randomly and on judgement basis. General perception of women tourists about India on safety and security of women was not positive. It was concluded through the survey that though women travelers had security and safety issues in India yet they found the country worth visiting again.


A prospective study of 18 paients with undiagnosed ascitis ,the usual methods for searching the causes of ascitis were failed laparoscopy done for these patients, the procedure and results discussed with special concentration on the value of laparoscopy in medical problems. Laparoscopy is safe and accurate in diagnosing the cause of ascites when etiology of ascitis not diagnosed by conventional methods. Introduction Ascitis refers to accumulation of free fluids in the peritoneal cavity. Cirrhosis is one of the most common causes of ascitis.The other ccauses of ascitis include:malignant diseases, tuberculosis ,hypoproteinemia, infections, pancreatitis ,etc. Peritoneal tuberculosis and carcinomatosis are the main causes of lymphocytic exsudative ascites, which requires rapid diagnosis to institute appropriate therapeutic management. The etiological diagnosis is a particularly difficult task due to the lack of specific clinical, radiographic, or biological signs and the fact that none of the proposed complementary tests have sufficient positive predictive value (PPV) for definitive diagnosis. Consequently, a histological sample from a peritoneal or liver biopsy, ideally obtained laparoscopically, is required to establish the final etiologic diagnosis (Xiao, & Liu, 2003 and Nebhani et al, 2009). Diagnostic laparoscopy is valuable in evaluating the liver disease and metastasis that may not be detected by the conventional imaging techniques and CT, MRI,scintigraphy and hepatic angiography, although laparascopy can be valuable in detecting peritoneal diseases (Thoreau, et al., 2002 and.Sanai & Bzeizi, 2005). Patients and Methods The study included 18 patients with ascites the underling was undetected by conventional imaging methods and laboratory investigations including ascitic fluid examination.of those 14 males and 4 females, the mean age of these patients was 59 years old.according to fig.1 Journal of Kirkuk University –Scientific Studies, vol.7, No.1, 2012 9 Fig.1: gender distribution of causes of ascitis Procedure Laparoscopy in the ascitic patient demands special precautions ,the patient should not have the fluid tapped prior to operation because this will lead to a post opereative leak (Kirk and Ribbans, 2005). Pnemoperitoneum must still be performed because the gas filled viscera will float to the top of ascitic pool. The veress needle must be carfully positioned, usually in the iliac fossa, as a caput medosae will make it more likely for vascular injury if the needle introduced around the umbilicus in patients with portal hypertention .The needle should be positioned horizontally once in side the peritoneal cavity because infusion into the fluid will cause frothing to occur. Pneumoperitoneum gas should be introduced in step wise and should be interpresed with suction of fluid once the trocar has been introduced (Kirk and Ribbans, 2005). One must be ensure that closure is in layers to prevent danger of an ascitic leak these patients usually have disturbed coagulation profiles therfore special attention must be given to this aspect. Results From a total of 18 patients, 12 were going with liver cirrhosis is also proved by histopathological examination. 2 patients diagnosis as abdominal carcinomatosis. 3 patients with multiple peritoneal and visceral nodules proved to be TB. and 1 patient diagnosed as fibromatosis. There was no mortality nor morbidity from the procedure.acording to table1. Journal of Kirkuk University –Scientific Studies, vol.7, No.1, 2012 10 Table 1: causes of ascitis according to final diagnosis Discussion Tuberculosis and carcinomatosis are the leading etiologies of exudative ascites. Peritoneal TB raises significant diagnostic difficulties due to the poor predictive value of complementary tests and the low rate of positive bacteriological samples, with about 3% of positive results on direct examinations and a delay of more than two months for culture results which are positive in less than 35% of cases (Sanai & Bzeizki, 2005). The physical examination is poorly contributive and imaging, particularly the CT scan, cannot visualize partitioned ascites with fascial thickening, leading to the risk of misdiagnosis of tuberculosis(Simsek, et al., 1997). This difficult diagnostic situation contrasts with the requisite for certain etiologic diagnosis in patients with exudative ascites since adequate treatment for TB, which is often long, costly, and source of adverse effects, must be instituted as early as possible. The peritoneal biopsies, ideally obtained laparoscopically, are the only way to achieve certain diagnosis and as such constitute the gold standard for etiological diagnosis of exudative ascites, better with laparoscopy can be explained, at least in part, by the better visual exposure and also by the quality of the biopsy material obtained with laparoscopy (Mimica, 1992; Shaki, et al., 1996). Laproscopy is thus the method of choice with nearly zero mortality and very low morbidity, but is nevertheless a surgical operation with the real inherent risks of anesthesia and surgery (Bhargava, et al., 1992; Chu, et al., 1994 and Demir, et al., 2001). Ascites is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Within 10 years of the diagnosis of cirrhosis, more than 50% of patients develop ascites (Gines, et., 1987). Since 15% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop ascites of non-hepatic origin, the cause of new-onset ascites has to be evaluated in all patients (Arroyo, 1996). Paracentesis is considered a safe procedure even in patients with an abnormal prothrombin time, with an overall complication rate of not more than 1% (Runyon, 1986). No. Causes 12 Liver cirrhosis 2 Abdominal carcinomatosis 3 TB 1 fibromatosis 18 total Journal of Kirkuk University –Scientific Studies, vol.7, No.1, 2012 11 Conclusion Laparoscopy is safe and accurate in diagnosing the cause of ascites when etiology of ascitis not diagnosed by conventional methods.


Abstract What does 'local self-governance' mean in post-communist Russia and China? In order to answer this question, the article focuses on village-level governance in both countries by employing a four-fold typology of village leadership in public affairs. In both countries, the withdrawal of state power from local communities and the introduction of legislative 'self-government' has not brought autonomy to the local and community levels. The findings here suggest that the single 'state agent' category of village leadership that emerged under the communist regime is shifting to become one of the remaining three types, 'principal', 'local agent' and 'bystander'. There was a growing tendency towards a non-autonomous type of 'bystander'-style leadership in China and the 'local agent' type in Russia. This article suggests that the development of these local governance styles should not be attributed to a common transitional process departing from the communist past, but is the outcome of four factors that influence village leaders in two countries: administrative distance between local and village level, village social structure, fiscal arrangements and electoral relationships.


—In unstructured P2P networks, replicating most popular files is one of mechanisms, which improve file lookup performances, such as lookup delay and success rate. However, measuring global file popularity is a challenging task because this estimation must consider requests of all peers for this file whereas in unstructured P2P networks like Gnutella, the peer has no global view of the network. Some researches have been done to measure this parameter. Nevertheless, this estimation is still away from reality because the peer, which calculates file popularity, doesn't consider file popularity estimations of the other peers. In this paper, we try to define a way to calculate a global file popularity based on local estimation of the peer and estimations done by the other peers participating in the network. Our first simulation results reinforce our theoretical formulas and show that our measurement is closer to the real one. More details will be provided and simulation tests will be added in our future contributions.


In January I spoke with Executive Director of the Australian Retailers Association (ARA) Russell Zimmerman about some of the challenges and opportunities for small retail businesses in 2016.


In the next three chapters the author enlarges the theory of matrices of input coefficients. The second chapter deals with A Determinantal Identity: it shows how the need to simplify a certain determinant led to a new proof and a new importance for an old identity. The third chapter discusses Related Matrices of Input Coefficients and develops a core of matrix and determinantal theorems which includes those required in the chapters on inflation as well as others. A by-product is a derivation of the Hawkins-Simon theorems which offers more insight into the theorem than other proofs. The fourth chapter shows that the main results of the third chapter are true in a more general Non-Linear Input-Output Model.


Test study of recyclic coal gas pyrolysis semi-tar combustion has been carried out on a 1 MW circulating fluidized bed(CFB) test facility for realizing co-generation of heat,electricity,and gas.Test results show that:the coal gas with middle calorific value(12~14)MJ/m3(standard state) can be produced by the co-generation scheme with recyclic coal gas pyrolysis combustion,but the fuel conversion rate in gasifier is only 30%~40%,and most of fuel having been burnt in the combuster;the temperature in gasifier greatly affects the coal pyrolysis reaction and the operation of combuster;the concentration of H2S and tar content are substantially reduced along with increase of Ca/S molar ratio.


Abstract Visbroken residues (150°C+) obtained from soaker visbreaking of a short residue under different severity conditions were characterized for structural and compositional details by IR, H-n.m.r, Column Chromatography VPO and other classifical techniques. The variation of these parameters/data with severity of operation measured in the term of conversion (wt % yield of 150°C) were used to explain the reactions occurring and quality of fuel oil produced.


The United States produces too few Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduates to meet demand. We investigated scientific reasoning ability as a possible factor in STEM retention. To do this, we classified students in introductory biology courses at a large private university as either declared STEM or non-STEM majors and assessed their reasoning ability using the Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning. We then obtained their declared majors 1 to 4 years later. We found that reasoning ability correlates with high-level performance and final course grades. In addition, results indicate that STEM majors have higher reasoning skills than non-STEM majors but not until after the freshman year. However, we show that reasoning ability does not predict retention or declaration of a STEM degree and suggests instead that increased reasoning skills are a product of learning. We suggest educational interventions that may plug the leaky pipeline in STEM education.


Objective To investigate the killing effects on lung cancer cells with three methods of lung cancer cells transfected with total RNA,lung cancer cell lysate pulsed dendritic cells( DC) and lung cancer cell fusion of DC.Methods Samples of peripheral venous blood of inpatients with lung cancer were collected,and the samples were cultured in vitro and induced by DC. Lung cancer cells were treated with total RNA transfection( RNA group),freeze-thaw antigen of loaded DC( freeze-thaw antigen group) and DC fusion( fusion group) methods,and lung cancer cells with non antigen loaded DC( non antigen group) and peripheral blood T cells( T cells group) were used as control groups. The killing effects on lung cancer cells in all the groups were compared. Results The values of CD3 + and CD8 + cell percentages in RNA transfection,freeze-thaw antigen and fusion groups were significantly higher than those of non antigen and T cells groups( P 0. 05); the values of CD3 + and CD8 + cell percentages in RNA transfection group were significantly higher than those in freeze-thaw antigen group( P 0. 05); CD8 + cell percentage of non antigen group was significantly lower than that in T cells group( P 0. 05); the values of CD4 + cells percentage and CD4 + / CD8 +ratio in RNA transfection,freeze-thaw antigen and fusion groups were significantly lower than those in non antigen and T cells groups( P 0. 05). The A549 killing rates in RNA transfection,freeze-thaw antigen and fusion groups were significantly higher than those in non antigen and T cells groups( P 0. 05),and the killing rate was the highest in RNA transfection group,higher than that of fusion group,but lower than that of freeze-thaw antigen( P 0. 05). Conclusion Three methods of lung cancer cells transfected with total RNA,lung cancer cell lysate pulsed DC and lung cancer cell fusion of DC have significant killing effect,but lung cancer cells transfected with total RNA has the best effect.


Background: The study was a methodological type scale adaptation study in which the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Problematic Internet Use Questionairre-Short Form-6 (PIUQ-SF 6) was assessed and the cut-off score was determined.Methods: The study group was consisted of 465 students studying in five different faculties of Eskisehir Osmangazi University. The questionnaire form consists of questions about the sociodemographic characteristics, internet usage characteristics of the individuals and PIUS, PIUQ-SF 6.Results: The mean age of 465 who agreed to participate in the study was 21.1±2.1, with 256 males (55%) and 209 females (45%). In the study group, the instagram usage frequency was 80.4% and the facebook usage frequency was 78.7%. The content validity ındex value of PIUQ-SF 6 was calculated as 0.90. According to the exploratory factor analysis, 3 sub-dimensional structures consisting of 6 items explained 53.42 % of the total change in PIUQ-SF 6 scores and factor loads of the items in 3 sub-dimensions changed between 0.84-0.89. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient value of PIUQ-SF 6 was 0.82 and the test-retest reliability coefficient value was 0.82. There was a strong positive correlation between PIUS and PIUQ-SF 6. Students who spent more than 5 hours on the Internet were found to get high scores from all 3 sub-dimensions of PIUQ-SF 6. Confirmatory factor analysis values of PIUQ-SF 6 were found at acceptable intervals. As a result of K-Means clustering and ROC analysis, the cut-off score of PIUQ-SF 6 was calculated as 13.Conclusions: As a result, it has been concluded that PIUQ-SF 6 is a valid and reliable measurement tool as well as researches to be carried out in larger and different groups would be useful.


COMSOL simulation based on the Cahn–Hilliard formulation and the experimental method have been adopted to predict the coalescence behavior of water droplets in uniform electric field. The results reveal that coalescence of droplets consists of the drainage process and the contact process. The coalescence mechanism of micro-droplets has been established. COMSOL simulation together with the experiment concludes that the viscosity and coalescence time are roughly in line with the trend, and an optimal electric field strength can obtain the most efficient coalescence time GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This article examines the passing of the Palamedes episode, a matter from the subtexts of the Epic Cycle, into Byzantine rhetoric. This scene forms the center of a topic in the Progymnasmata of three Byzantine writers, Nikolaos Sophistes, Nikephoros Basilakes and George Pachymeres, while at the same time this matter is used (with a different function) also by Constantine Manasses, in his Synopsis Chronike. The way of use and the evaluation of the episode in these texts are examined in detail. In particular, Basilakes' and Pachymeres' Progymnasmata (δiηγηματα), in which the Palamedes episode is used in an autonomous way, are compared with each other, and the differences of style, syntax, grammar and vocabulary between the texts of these wo writers are determined.


Abstract This paper presents a robust control method that combines Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) for designing a driver seat of a heavy vehicle to reduce driver fatigue. A mathematical model is considered to analyze tracking control characteristics through computer simulation in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology. The SMC is used to track the trajectory of the desired motion behavior of the seat. However, when the system enters into sliding regime, chattering occurs due to switching delays as well as vehicle system vibrations. The chattering is eliminated with the introduction QFT inside the boundary layer to ensure smooth tracking. Furthermore, using SMC alone requires higher actuator forces for tracking than using both the control schemes together, causes various problems in selecting hardware. Problems with noise amplification, resonances, presence of uncertainties and unmodeled high frequency dynamics can largely be avoided with the use of QFT over other optimization methods. The main contribution of this paper is to provide the guidance in designing the controller to reduce heavy vehicle seat vibration so that the driver's sensation of comfort maintains a certain level at all times.


ABSTRACT The paper investigates the resilience of micro-businesses (MBs) to natural disasters by exploring the impact of two levels of resilience, namely organizational resilience and entrepreneur psychological resilience, on perceived post-disaster business performance (PPDBP). As MBs tend to be entrepreneur-centric, entrepreneur psychological resilience (EPR) can play an important role, interconnected with that of organizational resilience (OR). However, in the extant literature the debate is still open on how OR and EPR relate. We verified a structural model with the aid of Upper Echelons and Imprinting theories, applying a covariance-based technique on data collected through a survey administered to a sample of 213 MBs hit by the 2012 Earthquake in Emilia (Italy). Results revealed that perceived post-disaster business performance is driven by entrepreneur psychological resilience with a mediating role for organizational resilience, in three main areas: robustness, agility and integrity. The study contributes to the literature on resilience and MBs by providing empirical evidence and practical implications.


The aerodynamic characteristics,pressure distribution and flowfield evolution of an 80°/65° double-delta wing model have been studied in Φ3.2m low speed wind tunnel at CARDC by means of force measurement,pressure measurement and PIV technique.The Reynolds number is 0.49~1.3(×106)and the range of angle of attack(AoA) is between 0° and 60°.The study indicates that the results obtained from different types of tests have good correlation.The lift coefficient reaches maximum at 30° AoA,changes slightly between 30°~37° AoA,then drops rapidly as AoA increases.When AoA exceeds 30°,the leading edge vortex begins to break down.From 38° to 40° AoA,the suction peak disappears gradually and pressure coefficient decreases evidently.After 40° AoA,the suction peak disappears completely and leading edge vortex breaks down totally.


In this paper, we report on the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of dielectric microresonators based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride and hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide. The microresonators were modelled using the transfer matrix method (TMM). Quarter wavelength thick stacks of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride and hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide were consecutively deposited using low temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). For the characterization of the dielectric microresonators the intrinsic photoluminescence of the amorphous silicon nitride is used. The photoluminescence is enhanced by at least an order of magnitude at the resonance wavelength of 710 nm. The minimum resonance linewidth is 6 nm, corresponding to a quality factor of 118. The maximum rejection bandwidth of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is 150 nm. The enhancement and inhibition of the photoluminescence is understood by the modified photon density of states of the dielectric microresonator. The linewidth of the photoluminescence is also narrowed with respect to the linewidth of the bulk amorphous silicon nitride, again due to the presence of the electromagnetic modes of the microresonator.


Objective:To optimize the flow-sheet of extracting polygonatum polysaccharides with hot water diffusion.Methods: The crosscut experiments(43)were employed.Results: The factor sequence of influencing polysaccharides yield were extracting temperature,solid-liquid ratio,extracting frequency,and diffusion period.Conclusion: The optimal combination of extracting polygonatum polysaccharides with hot water diffusion is A2B3C1D2: extracting temperature is 40℃,solid-liquid ratio is 1︰20,extracting frequency is 2 and diffusion period is 120 minutes.


Efficient real-time contents distribution services on the Internet are only possible by suppressing the influence of packet losses. One solution for UDP transmission is the use of Forward Error Correction (FEC) based on Reed-Solomon codes. However, a more efficient method is required since this causes the increase of network traffic and includes the weakness to burst packet losses. In this paper, we propose a data recovery method that generates redundant data with the combination of Reed-Solomon codes and convolution of neighboring blocks. We realize the small amount of redundancy and the high reliability in data transmission compared with using only Reed-Solomon codes in the environment that burst packet losses are occurred frequently. We implement proposal method into the network bridge and confirm its efficiency from the viewpoint of data reconstruction from burst packet losses.


This paper presents results from a simulation study exploring heliospheric consequences of time‐dependent changes at the Sun. We selected a 2 month period in the beginning of year 2008 that was characterized by very low solar activity. The heliosphere in the equatorial region was dominated by two coronal holes whose changing structure created temporal variations distorting the classical steady state picture of the heliosphere. We used the Air Force Data Assimilate Photospheric Flux Transport (ADAPT) model to obtain daily updated photospheric magnetograms and drive the Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge (WSA) model of the corona. This leads to a formulation of a time‐dependent boundary condition for our three‐dimensional (3‐D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, LFM‐helio, which is the heliospheric adaptation of the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry MHD simulation code. The time‐dependent coronal conditions were propagated throughout the inner heliosphere, and the simulation results were compared with the spacecraft located near 1 astronomical unit (AU) heliocentric distance: Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO‐A and STEREO‐B), and the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft that was in cruise phase measuring the heliospheric magnetic field between 0.35 and 0.6 AU. In addition, during the selected interval MESSENGER and ACE aligned radially allowing minimization of the effects of temporal variation at the Sun versus radial evolution of structures. Our simulations show that time‐dependent simulationsreproduce the gross‐scale structure of the heliosphere with higher fidelity, while on smaller spatial and faster time scales (e.g., 1 day) they provide important insights for interpretation of the data. The simulations suggest that moving boundaries of slow‐fast wind transitions at 0.1 AU may result in the formation of inverted magnetic fields near pseudostreamers which is an intrinsically time‐dependent process. Finally, we show that heliospheric current sheet corrugation, which may result in multiple sector boundary crossings when observed by spacecraft, is caused by solar wind velocity shears. Overall, our simulations demonstrate that time‐dependent heliosphere modeling is a promising direction of research both for space weather applications and fundamental physics of the heliosphere.


Irregular repetition slotted ALOHA (IRSA) is a promising mechanism to support massive access in Internet of Things (IoT). As IoT devices are usually battery capacity-limited, the energy efficiency (EE) should be paid close attention to when operating the IRSA scheme. This letter improves the EE of devices by adjusting the transmit power and maximum number of packet replicas based on two high-throughput transmission probability distributions of IRSA scheme. Specifically, the optimal transmit power and the optimal packet replica number are found explicitly following individual parameter optimizations. Based on the obtained individual optimums, an iterative algorithm is proposed for finding the global optimum quickly. Numerical results show that the EE of devices can be enhanced significantly by using the found optimums.


The maternal-fetal interphase has an active Immunitary System (IS) whose mediators –cells, cytokines and chemokines– coordinately act to favour pregnanc...


The utility model relates to an electric ingot motor of a direct splicer, which is a structural improvement of a motor, particularly a motor used on the equipment of a chemical fiber direct splicer. The utility model comprises a base 6, a stator 7, a motor shaft 1, a hollow rotor 8, a front end cover 2, a rear end cover 12, an inner small cover 4, a bearing 3, a bearing 13, a tachometer wheel 15, a balance wheel 14, a sensor 11 and an axial retaining ring 16, wherein the tachometer wheel 15 and the balance wheel 14 are arranged on the motor shaft 1, the sensor 11 is arranged on the base 6 aiming at the tachometer wheel and the axial retaining ring 16 is arranged outside the balance wheel. The utility model is characterized in that a taper sleeve 9 of which the inner hole is conical is arranged between the motor shaft 1 and the hollow rotor 8, and the motor shaft is in conical fit with the taper sleeve. The utility model has the advantages that the electric ingot motor of a direct splicer is scientific and reasonable in structure, and because the motor shaft is in conical fit with the taper sleeve inside the hollow rotor, the motor shaft 1 can be conveniently disassembled; if once the bearings are broken, a user does not need to discard the whole motor, but conveniently gets the motor shaft disassembled and the bearings replaced, and after assembled, the motor can continue working; the utility model lengthens service life and cuts down expenses for customer factories.


Contents: Research design: The Ohlson (1995) Model - Model of Kothari et al. (2002) - Value relevance of capitalized development costs according to IAS 38 - Uncertainty of future benefits from capitalized development costs according to IAS 38 - Empirical findings and the political debate surrounding IAS 38.


Abstract Background Globalisation and international trade, in particular, are the major drivers of introduction and the spread of non-native species. To date, more than 30 species of non-native Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha have been accidentally introduced into Europe. Some species are invasive with important repercussions primarily for agricultural activities, while almost no information exists on their impacts within natural ecosystems. Therefore, early detection of non-native species and their subsequent monitoring are extremely important actions to undertake. New information The North American Osbornellusauronitens (Provancher, 1889), firstly recorded for the Palearctic and Europe in Switzerland in 2016, is recorded in Italy for the first time on the basis of 77 specimens collected between August 2015 and October 2022.


Gold based alloys, commonly used as ohmic contacts for solar cells, are known to react readily with GaAs. It is shown that the contact interaction with the underlying GaAs can continue even at room temperature upon aging, altering both the electrical characteristics of the contacts and the nearby pn junction. Au-Ge-Ni as-deposited (no heat treatment) contacts made to thin emitter (0.15 micrometer) GaAs diodes have shown severe shunting of the pn junction upon aging for several months at room temperature. The heat-treated contacts, despite showing degradation in contact resistance did not affect the underlying pn junction. Au-Zn-Au contacts to p-GaAs emitter (0.2 micrometer) diodes, however, showed slight improvement in contact resistance upon 200 C isothermal annealing for several months, without degrading the pn junction. The effect of aging on electrical characteristics of the as-deposited and heat-treated contacts and the nearby pn junction, as well as on the surface morphology of the contacts are presented.


An increasing number of states have new laws that require comprehensive environmental reviews of proposed new power facilities. These are in addition to existing federal requirements. Generally, all these reviews have to be completed prior to any substantial commitments of resources. This proliferation of review and its growing stringency is likely to stretch out the licensing process and make it more costly. Two types of state laws have been passed. Twenty-five states have passed laws regulating power facility siting. These cover nuclear and fossil power plants and transmission lines. Five other states have environmental impact statement requiresments for non-government facilities such as power plants. Early site planning and state certification of power plant sites and transmission corridors are required by the siting laws. Many also require siting reviews for fuel conversion facilities and other major industrial facilities. These siting laws call for varying levels of environmental review, but not necessarily the issuance of an environmental impact statement (EIS). Many states have instituted a ''one-stop licensing'' process during which decisions on all state permits are made. The state EIS requirements are similar to those of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 which requires an EIS for any Federal action, includingmore » licensing actions, which may have a significant environmental impact.« less


Three-dimensional dendritic gold nanostructures (3D-DGNs) were prepared at room temperature through an aqueous/organic interfacial reaction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4, in aqueous phase) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT, in organic phase) without the use of any seeds, templates, surfactants, or stabilizers. SEM and TEM studies indicated that the 3D-DGNs compose of numerous nanowires with diameters around 30 nm and each wire brings a nanosheet head with thickness of 80 ± 5 nm. The effects of reaction conditions including the concentrations of HAuCl4 and EDOT, the reaction temperature, and the organic solvents on the morphology of 3D-DGNs were systematically investigated and a possible mechanism for the formation of 3D-DGNs was proposed. The 3D-DGNs can be used as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). They exhibited much higher surface enhancement than those of conventional electrochemically roughed gold surfaces and gold nanorods when 4-mercaptopyridine (4MP) was used as a ...


The purpose of this essay was to explore the longterm impact of depression on cognitive functioning and to discuss possible treatment strategies that mental health and psychiatric nurses may employ in practice or pursue in research to improve patient outcomes. As psychiatric and mental health nurses play a valuable role in promoting recovery from depression, addressing cognitive difficulties associated with depression may be an important area for nursing practice. This essay will first introduce the rationale for evaluating cognitive deficits in remitted depression in regard to the impact on quality of life (QOL). Secondly, an overview will be provided of the literature regarding specific cognitive deficits in remitted depression to increase understanding of their associated clinical presentations. Afterwards, research on past interventions for improving cognitive deficits will be reviewed as well as recommendations for intervention strategies based on this literature that can be implemented across mental health nursing settings to enhance patient care. Finally, the extant findings and future directions will be discussed within the context of mental health nursing.


Direct internal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and diesel has been problematic due to coking on Ni-based SOFC anodes. This paper describes stable direct internal reforming SOFCs (Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ) using anode reforming catalysts. Button cells were tested with a separate catalyst piece placed against the anode. Button cell power densities of ~ 0.5W/cm2 at ~ 800oC have been demonstrated with n-dodecane and n-tridecane mixed with H2O-CO2-air. Life tests with n-dodecane showed stable operation for > 140 h. Flattened-tube segmented-in- series modules with 14 cells on each side were tested with a catalyst layer coating on the fuel side of the zirconia support tube. For iso-octane mixed with either air or H2O-CO2-air, a stable maximum power density of ~ 0.6W/cm2 was obtained at ~ 800oC.


Biological aspects of the blackmouth bass Synagrops bellus (Actinopterygii: Acropomatidae), from the outer shelf and upper slope of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Biological aspects of the blackmouth bass Synagrops bellus from the outer shelf and upper slope along the coast of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil, are presented. The species represented about 71.6% and 9.7% in number of the total catch performed by balloom trawl in the isobaths of 300m and 500m respectively. Body sizes of 266 individuals ranged between 130 and 265mm total length, with sex ratio of 55.9% males, and 44.1% females, where most individuals were in maturation stage. Twenty two food items were found, pointing out Myctophidae fishes, Penaeidea and Caridea shrimps, Brachyuran megalopae, Enoploteuthidae and Cranchiidae cephalopods, pteropods and tunicates. The intestinal coefficient increases as the body size increase, and the number of gill rakers ranged between 16 and 17. Length-weight relationship was WT = 6.0x10 -6 x TL 3.12 , r 2 = 0.9495. Synagrops bellus is an important link between zooplankton and micronekton, and demersal and pelagic predators in the outer shelf and upper slope in southwestern Brazilian coast.


Many plant and animal cells transition from canonical to non-canonical cell cycles during development, resulting in the formation of polyploid cells. Two types of non-canonical cell cycles exist: endoreplication, where cells increase their DNA content without entering M phase, and endomitosis, where cells enter M phase but exit prematurely. Although endoreplication has been extensively studied in plants and insects, much less is known on the regulation of endomitosis, which is the most common mode of polyploidization in mammals. In this study, we use fetal-derived human hepatocyte organoids (Hep-Org), to investigate how human hepatocytes initiate and execute endomitosis. We find that cells in endomitosis M phase have normal mitotic timings, but lose membrane anchorage to the midbody during cytokinesis, resulting in regression of the cytokinetic furrow and formation of binucleate cells. Using immunofluorescence, we find that three cortical anchoring proteins, RacGAP1, anillin, and citron kinase (CIT-K), lose their association with the cell cortex during cytokinetic regression. Moreover, reduction of WNT activity by withdrawal of CHIR99021, a GSK3 inhibitor, from the culturing medium increases the percentage of binucleated cells in Hep-Orgs. This effect is lost in organoids with mutations in the atypical E2F proteins, E2F7 and E2F8, which have been implicated in binucleation of rodent hepatocytes. Together, our results identify how human hepatocytes inhibit cell division in endomitosis, and highlight an evolutionary recurrent mechanism to initiate non-canonical cell cycles in mammals.


Article abstract—We administered the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to 194 healthy men and women, ages 40 to 89 years. Total score was significantly associated with age (p < 0.0001), but not vocabulary, education, Beck's Depression Inventory Score, or sex. The lowest quartile cutoff scores for the MMSE by decade were 40s −29; 50s −28; 60s −28; 70s −28; and 80s −26. When screening for progressive decline in cognitive performance, the use of age-specific norms may provide greater sensitivity than the present recommended cutoff score of less than 24.


Henry James lived and wrote at a time of transition and great contradictions. In the late nineteenth century, there was a shift from an exploration of the romantic to a greater emphasis on the realistic. Writers began to scrutinize human nature and the concept of freedom, leading to the question: in practical, biological and social terms, are we free or do the circumstances of our own existence negate the idea of freedom? This tension is palpable in the works of Henry James. The Portrait oja Lady is a deep exploration of what it means to be a lady, especially in response to the cultural evolution and influences of his time. The ideal lady in nineteenth century America was ornamental, useless, and domesticated. Isabel starts out with the potential to be this ideal, but James sows the seeds of the new woman in her consciousness and he shows how those seeds can grow and flourish despite external limitations. Through Isabel, James portrays the hope of youth, the pain of illusions shattered, the resilience of experience, and the ability to find strength In the face of limitations.


OBJECTIVES: A retrospective study was conducted in 21 children with stage III/IV retroperitoneal neuroblastoma to evaluate the outcome of gross total tumor resection us - ing vascular skeletonization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2008, 22 patients with stage III/IV neurob - lastoma were included in this study. The treat - ment was initiated with four to six cycles of in - duction chemotherapy using the most recent Children's Oncology Group (COG) regimen to reduce the size of the tumors. This was fol - lowed by a primary gross total resection by skeletonising the blood vasculature. Gross to - tal resection was accomplished in 21 patients who also received subsequent chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant. Routine follow- ups were performed by phone calls or letters to acquire information about postoperative recov - ery, distant metastasis or recurrence at the pri - mary site, mortality and cause of death. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients received gross total resection with complete resection rate of 95.45%. Neither severe postoperative complica - tions nor perioperative death occurred.Three pa - tients were excluded due to a loss in follow-up. Tumor-free survival reached 55.56% (n=10). Three tumor-bearing patients (16.67%) survived. Five patients (27.78%) died after surgery. Overall five-year survival reached 72.22% (13/18). CONCLUSIONS: Using the skeletonizing ma - jor vasculature of retroperitoneum approach to achieve delayed total gross resection for ad - vanced neuroblastoma, significantly improved postoperative survival.


The results of long-term studies of the effect of crop rotation and organic and mineral fertilizers on the humus content of chestnut soil have been summarized. The optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers ensuring a self-supporting budget of organic matter in a typical grain-fallow rotation have been determined.


C © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2021. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: email@example.com A s we consider increasing focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion within medicine and within neurosurgery, it becomes important to consider a holistic evaluation of applicants to residency training. Within that context, it is critical to consider historically under-represented populations, specifically in neurosurgery. While women are a recognized minority in neurosurgery who have been addressed in multiple publications, International Medical Graduates (IMGs) also represent a critical, yet under-represented population within our specialty. Scheitler et al1 attempted to delineate the prevalence and distribution of IMGs in neurosurgical residencies, demonstrating that only 6% of current neurosurgical residents are IMGs. A 10-yr study by Chandra et al2 demonstrated a match rate for IMGs of 24% compared to 83% for US graduates. Similar to the authors' findings in this study,3 IMGs were more likely to complete research years prior to successfully matching and (likely as a result of that) had higher h-indices at the time of application. This article3 represents a unique attempt to evaluate not only this population of neurosurgeons before and during residency, but also their career trajectories following training. Given that the entire IMG cohort makes up a small fraction of neurosurgery trainees and practicing neurosurgeons, it is laudable that the authors were able to obtain information for individuals over a 50-yr cohort to have a longitudinal analysis spanning careers of this vital group within our neurosurgical workforce. It becomes relevant to delineate 2 groups of IMGs when considering barriers to matching and practicing in the United States: US IMGs— US citizens who went abroad for medical school; and non-US IMGs—foreign citizens seeking residency training in the United States. Most recently, in the 2021 National Residency Matching Program match, only 6 US IMGs and 11 non-US IMGs matched into neurological surgery, comprising 2.5% and 4.7% of the incoming PGY-1 class, respectively. The latter group of non-US IMGs have the additional hurdle of obtaining a visa during training as well as multiple additional certification processes as well as practice type and location requirements to maintain a visa if they choose to stay and practice in the United States following their training. It is possible that visa constraints faced by the latter group may have impacted the number of non-US IMGs who became practicing neurosurgeons in the United States, and some of those physicians may have returned home following their training. Either factor would have eliminated those residency graduates from this study, which only seeks to assess the career trajectory of US practicing neurosurgeons and is thus unable to assess the relative success of those individuals who did not remain in the United States for their practice. Importantly, what the authors found were the lack of differences within classic academic benchmarks such as h-indices both during and following training between US graduates and IMGs, suggesting that these 2 cohorts are not as different as one may be inclined to assume after a successful match. Additionally, though this study is unable to determine the factors behind this difference, IMGs were proportionally more likely to seek academic positions within neurosurgery, thus positioning themselves to train the next generation of neurosurgical residents as vital members of the neurosurgical educational workforce. While there is little data to clearly demonstrate implicit bias in neurosurgery residency applicants, such biases have been well studied in the context of gender.4 Naturally, it becomes important for the neurosurgical community to evaluate the impact of similar biases in other populations under-represented in neurosurgery. A recognition that IMGs in neurosurgery have successful academic careers with more career similarities than differences to US graduates is an excellent first step in this direction.3


O-aryloximes, generated from readily available and inexpensive oximes through transition-metal-free O-arylation, can either be hydrolyzed to O-arylhydroxylamines or conveniently converted to structurally diverse benzo[b]furans through an environmentally benign, one-pot [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement/cyclization sequence.


This experiment was conductedby using S 180-V cell line for studyingthe changes on cAMP and cGMPcontent and its morphological changes observed by SEM in its cellcycle. We have found that in the cellline S 180-V,the changes of cAMPand cGMP levels in the cell cycleare related to the morphological chan-ges of these cells observed by SEM. The biochemical changes of cAMPand cGMP levels show that thecAMP/cGMP ratio of the M-stage ofthe cell cycle contains about two orthree times less than in the other sta-ges of the cell cycle in S 180-V cellline.In addition,we have measuredthe diameter of cells under micro-scope and countered the cell volumeby computer.The result shows thatcells in M-stage are about twice thesize of the cells in the other stages.So in this experiment,we use the unitper volume of cell instead of the unitper numbers of cells to measure thelevels of the cAMP and cGMP. The scanning electron micrography shows that the cells in thefloating medium (M-stage) havebecome round cytoplasm with anendoskeletal system less developed thanthe cells in the adhesive on the bot-tom and in the mixture of floatingcells and adhesive cells.


Swift is a new, principled approach to building Web applications that are secure by construction. Modern Web applications typically implement some functionality as client-side JavaScript code, for improved interactivity. Moving code and data to the client can create security vulnerabilities, but currently there are no good methods for deciding when it is secure to do so.
 Swift automatically partitions application code while providing assurance that the resulting placement is secure and efficient. Application code is written as Java-like code annotated with information flow policies that specify the confidentiality and integrity of Web application information. The compiler uses these policies to automatically partition the program into JavaScript code running in the client browser and Java code running on the server. To improve interactive performance, code and data are placed on the client. However, security-critical code and data are always placed on the server. The compiler may also automatically replicate code across the client and server, to obtain both security and performance.


The effect of molecular weight, concentration, and structure on 1/T1ρ, the rotating frame relaxation rate, was investigated for several proteins using the on‐resonance spin‐lock technique, for locking fields B1 < 200 μT. The measured values of 1/T1ρ, were fitted to a simple theoretical model to obtain the dispersion curves 1/T1ρ(ω1) and the relaxation rate at zero B1 field, 1/T1ρ,(O). 1/T1ρ, was highly sensitive to the molecular weight, concentration, and structure of the protein. The amount of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen and disulfide bonds especially contributed to 1/T1ρ. In all samples, 1/T1ρ(O) was equal to 1/T2ρ measured at the main magnetic field Bo = 0.1 T, but at higher locking fields the dispersion curves mono‐tonically decreased. The results of this work indicate that a model considering the effective correlation time of molecular motions as the main determinant for 1/T1ρ relaxation in protein solutions is not valid at very low B1 fields. The underlying mechanism for the relaxation rate 1/T1ρ at B1 fields below 200 μT is discussed.


Energy-efficient DC-DC power supplies are becoming essential for battery life enhancement in portable devices with power-hungry circuits, such as RF PAs. However, the switching noise produced by such power supplies tends to degrade the performance of RF circuits, either directly or indirectly. This paper investigates the most common switching noise mitigation techniques in DC-DC power supplies and discusses their advantages and shortcomings. The paper then discusses a new technique that achieves completely spur-free switching noise performance at every node in DC-DC power supplies within a short number of switching cycles while maintaining minimal random noise floor peaking as well as low cost and design complexity. The technique can be adopted within preexisting power supplies operating with PWM or PFM control, both at high and light load conditions to power spur-sensitive RF PAs.


This study aims : ( 1 ) to increase the creativity of teachers in implementing innovative learning strategies through classroom supervision visits, and ( 2 ) to determine the magnitude of the increase in the creativity of the teacher after implementing classroom supervision visits. It held in SMPN 2 Tayu, in odd semester academic year 2013/2014 for five months. The subjects of the study were 7 teachers. The techniques of collecting data are through documentation method, observation, interviews, assignments and discussions. Validations of data used are: data triangulation, theory and reviews informant. This study was conducted using action research design was designed by two cycles of the procedure: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in each cycle. The results showed that an increase in the creativity of teachers in implementing innovative learning strategies, namely Pre Cycle is 59% category "less creative", the first cycle is 82% category of "creative" while the second cycle is 96% category "very creative". It is concluded that implementation supervision classroom visits can improve teachers' creativity in applying innovative learning strategies in SMPN 2 Tayu. Keywords : teacher's creativity, innovative teaching strategies, classroom supervision visits.


Scattering performance of a reflectarray using a log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) element is demonstrated numerically and experimentally. The LPDA element and the reflectarray are designed using method of moments (MoM). The designed 10 × 1 reflectarray was fabricated using a 3D printing technology. A bistatic radar cross section (BRCS) of the designed reflectarray was measured in a radio anechoic chamber. The measured BRCS is in good agreement with that obtained using the MoM except for ripples and the effect of near-field. According to so-called self-complementary structure of the LPDA element, 1-dB bandwidth over 40 % is achieved for the designed reflectarray.


With the availability of Negative Ion Chemical Ionization (NCI) mode of ionization on most bench top Mass Spectrometry (MS), many analytical problems involving the analysis of electron capturing organic compounds can be easily resolved. The Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (NCI/MS) technique has been utilized for many types of analysis at the Environmental Protection Laboratory on a regular basis for routine analysis and resolving sensitivity, matrix and interference problems. NCI/MS is shown to provide inroads in the identification and lowering of detection limits for halogenated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans. NCI/MS specificity and selectivity are shown to eliminate interferences caused by substances such as plasticizers and other nonhalogenated compounds including petroleum products when analyzing contaminated sample extracts.


Introduction: Customary law communities recognize customary land as ulayat land. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to find out and explain the legal power of the data register as evidence against the control and ownership of land rights.Methods of the Research: The method used in this study is a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The legal material is analyzed qualitatively in order to answer the problems studied.Results of the Research: Based on the results of the study, it shows that the position of the dati register is as evidence of legal ownership of land rights for the dati community belonging to the customary law community. The dati register provides and guarantees a legal certainty for customary law community groups over dati land. Because it has a position that can be equated with legal evidence of rights to land rights, then dati has binding legal force on the control and ownership of rights to land rights. Therefore, in the settlement of a case related to the land of the dati, the judge may refer to or make the register of the dati as evidence of ownership of the rights to the land of the dati.


Abstract The electroless (chemical) deposition of cobalt on palladium-sensitized oxidized silicon wafers produces nanowires and chains made up by nanoparticles. We demonstrate that the application of moderate magnetic fields, provided by permanent magnets, during the growth produces highly oriented cobalt nanowires and nanoparticle chains. By adjusting the magnetic field direction in plane, parallel and crossed cobalt chain patterns are readily accessible. Perpendicular orientation of the field results in rod-like, standing-up chains of nanoparticles. We explain the observed structures with magnetostatic arguments.


There are some problems when weld gray cast iron which is used well in automobile industry with auto MIG welding. the problems are followed like this 1) Occurrence of porosity and hardening organization. 2) Occurrence of crack due to lower elongation of gray cast iron when restraint stress works on. 3) Occurrence of porosity and unstable bead shape due to unstable arc under low current MIG welding.. especially there is a restraint on chemical composition of weld metal because the weldment demands more than 570Hv hardness. so it is hard to use Fe-Ni wire to prevent cracks occured on weldment and new welding method is needed to resolve that problems. This study shows how to prevent porosity and cracks occurring when weld gray cast iron trimming die and shows a new welding method for press die of gray cast iron.


The topic of traumatic memory has been a contentious and emotionally laden scientific controversy. The passion on both sides of the controversy has often led debaters to mischaracterize positions on the others side, leading to an imprecision in language and unscientific thinking that has clouded a debate that should at this point be closer to some acknowledged scientific consensus. Specifically, the consensus I have in mind, as stated by prominent cognitive psychologists, is the following: "Even the most conservative assessment of the evidence indicates that traumatic memories can fluctuate in their persistence, with periods of time in which the memories are relatively less accessible" (Edwards, Fivush, Anda, Felitti, & Nordenberg, 2001, p. 174); or: "The data converge on the conclusion that many survivors of childhood sexual abuse claim periods of amnesia for the traumatic experience" (Sivers, Schooler, & Freyd,


Recent psychophysiological studies revealed that the human endocrine and immune secretion changes its level sensitively according to participants' subjective mental stress and relaxation. In this study, one of the major secretory immune substance, secretory Immunoglobulin A (slgA), is assessed to investigate the human secretory response induced by stressful task of deskwork operations with visual display terminal (VDT). Additionally a mathematical model of the slgA changing is proposed. In the experiment, subjects were required to conduct a short period of work operations with VDT repeatedly with intervals. The result of the experiments indicates that the slgA changing clearly reflects the participants' subjective stress level. Finally, I introduce a blue print of the VDT work stress prediction system constructed via the mathematical model of slgA modulation proposed in this study.


An optical technique for measuring the velocity of an accelerating, specularly reflecting surface from a position on the axis of motion has been successfully applied to a free surface velocity measurement of an impacted projectile in a pneumatic accelerator. The technique combines a laser light source, a surface tilt‐insensitive, lensless optical configuration, and a Fabry‐Perot spectrometer to obtain a velocity‐time profile of the impacted projectile. The technique involves unique features in addition to surface tilt insensitivity. These include a mode matching scheme which permits the use of high power, multilongitudinal mode lasers where formerly a single frequency laser was required. Experimental results are presented and compared with independent accelerometer measurements.


Aluminum and its alloys are frequently used in the transportation industries because they are lightweighted,easy to be processed and recycled,benefitting energy-saving and environmental protection.However,aluminum alloys are susceptible to failure as a consequence of localized corrosion.In the industry,the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys is obtained through special surface treatments,e.g.anodizing.The state-of-art researches on anodizing of aluminum alloys are reviewed,with emphasis on the environmentally friendly anodizing surface treatments of aluminum alloys,to provide beneficial information for the surface treatments of the new aerospace and automotive aluminum alloys.


Resistance and its fluctuation in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is measured using pressured powder samples. It is found that the 1/f resistance fluctuation increases exponentially with increasing compression pressure but the mean resistance is scarcely affected. Compression pressure changes the nonlinearity and phonon mode interaction in atomic vibration. These results proved that the origin of the 1/f resistance fluctuation in SWNTs is mainly the mobility fluctuation.


This paper presents a method to model the path loss characteristics in microwave urban line-of- sight (LOS) propagation. We propose new upper- and lower-bound models for the LOS path loss using fuzzy linear regression (FLR). The spread of upper- and lower-bound of FLR depends on max and min value of a sample path loss data while the conventional upper- and lower-bound models, the spread of the bound intervals are fixed and do not depend on the sample path loss data. Comparison of our models to conventional upper- and lower-bound models indicate that improvements in accuracy over the conventional models are achieved.


Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly investigated in the last years as successful in many thermal energy storage applications. In the building sector, PCMs are utilised to improve building efficiency by reducing cooling/heating loads and promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. This paper shows the recent research works on integrating PCMs with building envelope for heating purposes. The main PCM categories and their main characteristics are presented, focusing on PCM types applied for building heating applications. The main methods adopted to incorporate PCMs with building elements and materials are mentioned, and the popular passive and active incorporation techniques are discussed. Lastly, the main contribution to building energy saving is discussed in terms of heating applications. The analysed studies indicated that all PCMs could improve the building energy saving in the cold climates by up to 44.16% regardless of their types and techniques. Several conclusions and recommendations are derived from the analysed studies that are believed to be a guideline for further research.


In high density (HD) WLANs, packet losses can occur due to hidden terminals (asynchronous interference) or collisions (synchronous interference). Without differentiating above packet losses, the standard backoff algorithm of IEEE 802.11 with binary exponential backoff (BEB) can greatly degrade throughput and fairness. In this work, we exploit differentiated PER (packet error rate) to propose a novel CWTO (joint contention window and transmission opportunity) adaptation algorithm to improve the aggregate throughput as well as network fairness for multi-cell HD WLANs. Contention window and transmission opportunity adaptation are dedicated to throughput maximization and fairness provision respectively and their effectiveness supported by extensive simulation results.


One of the trends of modern medicine, and specifically pediatric cardiology, is a move toward less invasive modes of diagnosis and treatment. In keeping with this trend, one of the newer and rapidly developing areas of interest is that of biomarkers. The natriuretic peptides make up a group of biomarkers that has been the focus of much attention from both adult and pediatric cardiologists. Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (ProBNP) is a prohormone produced in response to stretching of the myocardium and increased wall stress on the ventricles. It is for this reason that it is thought to be a good marker for heart failure. ProBNP is then cleaved into active Btype natriuretic peptide (BNP) and inactive amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). BNP and NT-proBNP are produced in equimolar amounts, but are not present in equal ratios in plasma because of differences in their half-life. The half-life of BNP is about 20 min, whereas the half-life of NTproBNP is about 90 min [1]. Active BNP causes natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation as compensatory measures in heart failure.


Let $f(z)$ be an analytic function on the unit disk ${zinmathbb{C}, |z|leq 1}$, for each $q>0$, the $|f|_{q}$ is defined as followsbegin{align*}begin{split}&left|fright|_q:=left{frac{1}{2pi}int_0^{2pi}left|f(e^{itheta})right|^qdthetaright}^{1/q}, 0 0$,begin{align*}left|p'right|_{q}leq frac{n}{|k+z|_q}|p|_{q}.end{align*}In this paper, we shall present an interesting generalization and refinement of this result which include some previous results.


In the digital era, Korean universities are using real-time remote lecture platforms as a tool for learning. However, it is confusing due to low usage experience problems, and usability studies are needed. The purpose of this study is to measure, analyze, and propose gaze tracking and learning experiences according to the UI design layout of ZOOM. A total of 30 subjects were selected to conduct eye tracking and survey when learning. The experiment showed that grid layouts have a higher emotional realism and learning satisfaction than other layouts. Furthermore, it turns out that participants focused the most attention on grid layouts. Therefore, for high learning experience, grid layouts and layouts that visually highlight participants and induce communication are needed.


Leachates from waste dumping sites always find its way into surface and underground water through percolation and surface run-off whenever there is rainfall - This is due to problems of improper waste disposal and management especially in developing countries. Thus, influences of these leachates on water qualities of the study area were analyzed. Water samples were taken from stream and well water around the waste dumping sites in the study area and necessary laboratory tests were conducted on them. The tests results portrayed the evidence of high water pollution / contamination due to the leachates. Conclusively, both the stream and well water are not fit for consumption and unsuitable for Civil Engineering works due to presence of E -coli bacteria, high turbidity and concentration of some elements and compounds. These show that waste - dumping sites have great negative influences on the water quality of the study area and any part of the World with this kind of situation. Keywords: Consumption, Developing countries, Leachates, Waste disposal and management, Waste dumping site, Nigeria.


Objective: The long survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is rarely seen. This paper explored the best combination treatment by traditional Chinese and western medicine for pancreatic cancer based on an analysis of 20 cases of pancreatic cancer patients with long-term survival with tumor. Methods: A retrospective study on advanced pancreatic cancer patients with pathological diagnosis admitted from January 2002 to December 2007 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.Results: 20 cases survive more than 3 years(13 cases survive more than 5 years, the longest survival time is 169 months) after integrative treatment. Patients who took Qingyi Huaji Formula based on the main principle which clear heat and dampness have more long survival. Conclusion: Qingyi Huaji Formula, as one of the representatives of Chinese medicine treatment for pancreatic cancer, has played an important role in treating those long survivals with advanced pancreatic cancer, and its mechanism needs further studies.


Telecom towers in India consume about 16.5 billion units of electrical energy from the grid, 3.2 billion liters of diesel and emitting around 8.6 million metric tons of CO2 per year. The foremost reason for this huge energy consumption and CO2 emission is that the telecom tower sites are running with inefficient technologies like tubular and valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries, air conditioners, AC-DC, DC-DC converter and diesel generator. The above problems can be mitigated by the usage advanced energy efficient technologies. This paper discusses in detail about lithium ion batteries and how lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery offers substantial advantages on comparison with present valve regulated lead acid battery on the following constraints: performance characteristics, operational features, environment impact and commercial viability. A case study comparing the EB consumption, diesel consumption and carbon dioxide emission of 2 telecom sites one with VRLA battery and another site with lithium iron phosphate battery is also presented in this paper.


The investigation of technologically critical elements (TCEs) as emerging pollutants is a constantly growing field of environmental research and societal concern. Nevertheless, existing data for most TCEs are still unsatisfactory for an accurate assessment of their potential (eco)toxicological effects on humans and the environment. The limited availability of data mainly results from the technically challenging analysis of selected TCEs. Low concentrations of TCEs in environmental matrices (μg kg−1 or lower) and the associated complex and time-consuming sample preparation pose the greatest challenges. This work aims at developing a new ICP-MS/MS-based multi-elemental approach targeting the analysis of all major TCEs (Sc, Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, and Ta) in sediment, which represents one of the most important matrices for environmental research. N2O is applied as a reaction gas to overcome possible spectral interferences during ICP-MS/MS analysis. The use of N2O as a reaction gas for ICP-MS/MS analysis enabled higher oxide-product ion yields for many TCEs in comparison to the frequently used O2 cell gas. Hence, the selectivity and sensitivity of the method were improved. The presented multi-element method using N2O as a reaction gas achieved LODs between 0.00023 μg L−1 (Eu) and 0.13 μg L−1 (Te) for all analyzed TCEs. Likewise, for all analyzed elements, except for Te, recoveries between 80% and 112% were obtained for at least one of the analyzed reference materials (GBW 07313, GBW 07311, and BCR-2).


Girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) who were exposed to high levels of androgen in the prenatal and early postnatal periods showed increased play with boys" toys and reduced play with girls' toys compared with their unexposed female relatives at ages 3 to 8. Boys with CAH did not differ from their male relatives in play with boys' or girls' toys. These results suggest that early hormone exposure in females has a masculinizing effect on sex-typed toy preferences.


The utility model relates to a secondary voltage drop detection device for a voltage transformer. The device comprises a voltage transformer, a secondary voltage drop tester and an electric energy meter. The three-phase terminals of the voltage transformer are respectively connected with the three-phase terminals of the electric energy meter; and the three-phase terminals of the voltage transformer and the three-phase terminals of the electric energy meter are respectively connected with the standard end and the measured end of the secondary voltage drop tester. Compared with the prior art, the secondary voltage reducing detection device for the voltage transformer provided by the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and the like.


Blending of elastomer is often used to enhance the performance characteristics of rubber products. Compatibilizer is used for the improvement of interfacial interaction, processability, mechanical & chemical properties of the investigated blends. In this study, the effect of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) compatibilizer in vulcanizable compositions of mixed acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is investigated. Silica and carbon black improve the properties the obtained blends. The effects of blend ratio on the physico –chemical and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Hardness and swelling of SBR/NBR blend are studied. Addition of NBR decreases the maximum degree of swelling, and the cross link density. It is argued that the compatible blend 50/50 NBR/SBR with the optimum nano white filler has higher durability of the physico-mechanical properties, than the other blend loaded with carbon black.


Acknowledgments List of illustrations 1. Introduction: Everyday Practice and Plebeian Affairs 2. Gender, the Informal Economy and the Development of Capitalism in England, 1650-1850 or, Credit among the Common People 3. Credit for the Poor and the Failed Experiment of The Charitable Corporation, c. 1700-1750 4. Shifting Currency: the Practice and Economy of the Secondhand Trade, c. 1600-1850 5. Refashioning Society: Expressions of Popular Consumerism and Dress, c. 1660-1820 6. Savings Culture, Provident Consumerism and the Advent of Modern Consumer Society, c. 1780-1900 7. Accounting for the Household: Gender and the Culture of Household Management, c. 1600-1900 8. Conclusion Bibliography


The application of high-performance VCSELs is extending from consumer electronics to automotive applications. Wet oxidation is an important technology in the fabrication of VCSELs. In this paper, we studied the wet oxidation process and mechanism in order to accurately control the oxidation aperture and improve the power and the conversion efficiency. Current density distributions of VCSELs with different oxide apertures are simulated based on COMSOL Multiphysics. In the experiment, the output power, conversion efficiency and threshold current of single junction and five-junction 940 nm VCSELs varying with oxide apertures are measured. Five-junction VCSELs exhibit maximum power conversion efficiencies are more than 60% and slope efficiency are more than 5.28W/A with oxide aperture from 9 to 15 μm under room temperature pulse condition (50 µs pulse width, 0.5% duty cycle). In addition, 385-element five-junction VCSEL array exhibits maximum power conversion efficiency of 53.45%. The five-junction VCSELs can be used as the basic laser source for the automotive applications.


The paper presents main findings of the research on Russian major urban centers differentiation according to rates of investment in comprehensive urban development. Thorough investigation of current research on the nature of comprehensive urban development allows authors to define main indicators that determine the demand for residents' vital needs satisfaction through public amenities provision. A review of global trends in Smart urban development resulted in proposing several hypotheses on contemporary conditions of comprehensive urban development in major urban centers. These hypotheses are aimed at integrating available statistical data on residents' vital needs satisfaction. Comparative analysis is conducted via STATISTICA software package with the use of hierarchical agglomerative clustering method. The clusters of Russian cities are formed using differences in the variables of investment rates in principle areas of comprehensive urban development. As a result of comparative analysis, authors describe two clusters of Russian major urban centers: urban centers that are showing high rates of investment in public amenities like kindergartens, schools, medical clinics; and cities that are clearly lacking sufficient investment in comprehensive urban development.


Abstract Smart chromatic materials with optical transmittances that can be modified by light scattering upon external stimuli are attracting extensive interest because of their appealing applications in smart windows, privacy protection, electronic displays, etc. However, the development of these scatterers, which are mostly activated by electric fields, is hindered by their intrinsic energy consumption, slow responses, and poor stability. Recently, mechanoresponsive scatterers based on a strain-driven reconfiguration of the surface or internal structure have emerged, featuring fast responses and a simple composition/fabrication. Because there is no energy consumption to maintain the transparency/opacity, this novel scheme for scatterers holds great promise to break the existing bottleneck. This article presents recent advances in the development of mechanoresponsive scatterers and compares different structural design strategies. The scatterers are categorized into 2D, 3D, and other types according to the dimensions of their functioning structures. The fabrication methods, mechanisms, and relationships between the structural parameters and optical modulating performances are discussed for each category. Next, the potential applications of these scatterers are outlined. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream 2D and 3D categories are summarized, followed by a perspective on future research directions.


Abstract We characterize the non -zero elements of the structure and a method is devised to construct all the irreducible polynomials over F3 of degree a positive integer n.


With a view of improving the utilization of grape seed,a waste from wine fermentation,and using the functional ingredients extracted from it in beverages,a research was carried out at different temperatures on the effect of decolorizing grape seed extract by activated carbon.At the same time,with acidity(an acid mixture of citric acid:malic acid = 1:1 was added),sugar degree and concentrated grape juice as the parameters,an orthogonal experiment was made to investigate the optimal technology of formulating a beverage with grape seed extract as the raw material,the optimum formula of the beverage was determined as acid mixture(citric acid:malic acid = 1:1)2.4 g/L,sugar 8% and concentrated grape juice 3%.


After the 'Dark Years' (1940-1944) during which Nazi Germany had dominated France, the purge of collaborators were proceeded in various ways for several years in France. Among the ways of purge, this article pays special attention to the 'administrative purge' which means disciplinary measures against the public servants and employees of public corporations. As for the scale of administrative purge, although many opponents had insisted that there were 120,000 purged while the government claimed about 16,000 of 1 to 1.5 million civil servants and public employees, in fact, over 27,000 (1.8-2.7%) men and women were disciplined for their collaboration. This article focuses on the administrative purge in two sections of public service. The first was the 'purge of purger', that is, the purge of prefects, judges and policemen who had executed the most repressive tasks during the 'Dark Years' and would carry out the purge of collaborators in liberated France. The second one was the purge against ordinary employees of public service, in particular the prefectorial office, its subsidiary offices and public companies in the Seine department. The first section presented a distinct contrast to the second one in many respects. Firstly, the duration of administrative purge in the first section was much shorter than that in the second. It was because the level of collaboration in the first section had been far more intense, and the purge in this section was much more urgent than in the second section. It was in the causes of disciplinary measures that the difference in two sections was most striking. Prefects, judges and policemen were generally disciplined for the causes directly related to their services or positions. In contrast, most of public servants belonging to the Seine prefectorial office were not punished for their public posts as a civil servant, but for their behaviors as a citizen. In addition, in the cases of disciplinary measures related to their services, the issues in question were generally their manners of conduct rather than their services themselves in the two sections. This result reflected the dilemma in which the new French government could not purge all the Vichy public servants in view of the 'legitimacy' of the Vichy government and the necessity to perform the most urgent tasks.


Background : Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is one of the common causes of stroke in young people. CVT is a disease with potentially serious consequences and usually affecting young to middle-aged people. Strokes in the young account for nearly 30% of all cases of stroke in India and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) accounts for 10-20% of these cases Accurate and prompt diagnosis of CVT is crucial because timely and appropriate therapy can reverse the disease process and significantly reduce the risk of acute complications and long-term squelae. CVT can be caused by a number of prothrombotic states and disorders of clotting system such as inherited causes like Protein C resistance secondary to Factor V Leiden polymorphism, Protein C and S resistance, and antithrombin III deficiency. Many other etiological factors like drugs ,infections,etc. Aim: To analyse the clinical profile and the outcome of young males with CVT. Methodology: This prospective study was carried out over a period of one year in the Neurology department in whom the diagnosis were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRV venogram , plain/contrast CT were included in the study. A total of 42 patients were enrolled for the study in the period of one year. The patients demographic details including the diabetic and hypertensive status along with their family history was obtained by using a detailed questionnaire. Results: Majority of them were between the age group of 18 - 35 years. Headache was found to be the most common symptom followed by nausea vomiting and seizures. Majority of the patients with CVT had a history of alcoholism in this study. In our study exactly 33% were unknown factors, 32% Alcohol, 28% Dehydration, 7% infections. Conclusion: . Accurate and prompt diagnosis of CVT is crucial because timely and appropriate therapy can reverse the disease process and significantly reduce the risk of acute complications and long-term sequelae.


In the run up to the announcement of the sustainable development goals in September 2015, and in a bold step to set the scene for new nutrition goals, the World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted six nutrition targets for 2025.6 One of these is to increase the rate of EBF in the first six months of life up to at least 50%.6 However, achieving the WHA target is slow and uneven at global level, and modest progress only has been made with respect to the target to increase EBF rates.5


INTRODUCTION
Food parenting practices, behaviours, and food availability at home are associated with children's food choices; however, these associations have been mainly studied for each parenting practice separately and focused mostly on healthy populations.

AIM
To identify patterns of parenting practices (including data regarding food availability at home, food and physical activity related behaviours and rewards) and to investigate their cross-sectional associations with children's food choices in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

MATERIALS-METHODS
Data of parents and children, (N=2278), from the Feel4Diabetes-study conducted in 6 European countries, were collected using validated questionnaires. The data analysed included children's food choices, food availability at home and food and physical activity related parenting practices. Four patterns of parenting practices were identified using principal component analysis and associations between those components and children's food choices were assessed using adjusted, individual linear regressions.

RESULTS
Parenting patterns focusing on unhealthy habits, such as allowing unhealthy snacks and unlimited screen time, providing higher availability of unhealthy foods at home, rewarding with snacks and screen time) were positively associated with children's unhealthy food choices (consumption of savoury/sweet snacks, fizzy drinks etc.). The parenting pattern providing fruit/vegetables availability at home, consuming fruit and being physically active with the child was positively associated with healthier children's food choices (consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grain cereals etc.).

CONCLUSION
Public health initiatives should focus on families at high-risk for T2D, assisting them adopt appropriate parenting practices and behaviours to promote healthier food choices for children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Europeanness and globality are neither aesthetically nor artistically defined terms. Ifwe accept current journalistic usage, they are even less new. The place of music, and therefore of musicology, is not outside the momentary or general, but it is different, and above ali closely connected with the historical (and the national). Antihistoricism of global »progress«, which eliminates the individual in the name of »Comprehensiveness« (uniformity following the model of market averages), is thus opposed to artistic contents. All the more so in the art of "unhistorical« nations, the music of which, together with relevant and related observations, have not even hitherto interested »the world«. Musicology, being a discipline of national importance, is obliged to pay regard to the standards of every individual society and to the patterns of its milieu. It has to be aware of its share in the cultural consciousness of the nation as well as of its subject matter. In fact, it is a matter of art music, of relations between »practical« musicians and »theoreticians«, of scholarly solipsism, of relevant subjects of research, of its organon and quality of its work. At the same time, musicology has to take into account the fact that the field of unanswered questions is - with each and every explication of the past and present (to be sure, of European and global) - growing rapidly. To reduce ali this to a common denominator of unifying or rather futuristic fantasies is quite an opportune political  issue, but not a scholarly principle, let alone an instrument of scholarship that takes shape through its understanding of history. Processes of integration are only continual circumstances of artistic happenings, not their programme. They are a basic element, and not a synonym of musical space, as well as of musical relations  and circumstances.


Global IT (Information Technology) trends research has demonstrated the steady increase in IT's role in organizational competitiveness for decades. Many thought leaders suggest that we are in the midst of a digital transformation where every company is becoming an IT company. With the coronavirus pandemic, IT has become even more essential, as employees around the globe have been working from their homes, where they are totally dependent on IT. As vaccines are distributed, and the end of the pandemic is in sight, looking forward, executives are proceeding cautiously as economies and offices reopen and expand. It is thus important to anticipate the changes that will be experienced by society, industry, and IT. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact that coronavirus is having (and will have) on IT investments and technologies and examine the implications and insights for the post-pandemic era. © AMCIS 2021.


Motor vehicles emissions are a major source that impacts upon urban environmental air quality, particularly in terms of fine and ultrafine particles. Epidemiological studies have consistently showed the relationship between fine and ultrafine particles and human health effects. Given that outdoor ultrafine particles in the building envelope can penetrate indoors into the building, it is important to understand the vertical profile of particle concentrations surrounding them, in order to locate the optimal location of air intakes to mitigate penetration of outdoor particles indoors. Most of the research to date has investigated the change of particle mass (PM) concentration within the building envelope, however few studies have measured particle number (PN) concentration (Hitchins et al., 2002). Kumar et al. (2009) assessed PN concentrations in various size ranges at street and rooftop levels, however comprehensive information on vertical profiles of PN and PM concentrations are still lacking. In order to fill these gaps in knowledge, we conducted continuous and simultaneous measurements on different levels of different office buildings close to busy roads, in order to: (1) quantify vertical profiles of PN and PM2.5 concentrations around the building envelope; (2) compare the correlation efficient between ratios of PN and PM2.5 concentrations at different levels, and; (3) assess the variation in PN concentrations for different size ranges at the street and rooftop levels of these office buildings.


Four flybys of Phobos by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft in 1998 allowed imaging at resolutions (∼2–7 m) better than obtained for any other satellite or asteroid except Earth's Moon. The images show the interior and vicinity of the large crater Stickney. There are ∼2000 identifiable ejecta blocks, the largest about 85 m across. The great majority of these blocks come from Stickney as part of low-velocity ejecta spread eastward by the influence of Phobos's rapid rotation. They appear to have experienced only a few meters, at most, of burial or modification since emplacement. The images also show materials of different albedos within Stickney that mark downslope motion of regolith. The number of craters on the steep slopes of Stickney that are subject to the downslope motion suggests that 4 km) have been degraded to the point that they are no longer recognizable.


The History of Econometrics is a two volume collection of major papers which have shaped the development of this subject. Part I includes articles which together provide an overview of the history of econometrics, part II addresses the relationship between econometrics and statistics, the articles in part III constitute early applied studies and part IV includes articles concerned with the role and method of econometrics.


This Workshop was held on September 3--4, 1999, following the 10th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy. Presentations were made by 14 speakers, 6 from the US and 8 from other countries on topics relevant to s-, r- and rp-process nucleosynthesis. Laboratory experiments, both present and planned, and astrophysical observations were represented as were astrophysical models. Approximately 50 scientists participated in this Workshop. These Proceedings consist of copies of vu-graphs presented at the Workshop. For further information, the interested readers are referred to the authors.


We numerically investigate the dynamical properties of $\kappa$-type molecular conductors in their antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state. By treating the extended Hubbard model on the two-dimensional $\kappa$-type lattice within the Lanzcos exact diagonalization method, we calculate the one-particle spectral function $A(\boldsymbol{k}, \omega)$ and the optical absorption spectra taking advantage of twisted boundary conditions. We find spin splitting in $A(\boldsymbol{k}, \omega)$ predicted by a previous Hartree-Fock study [M. Naka et al., Nat. Commun. 10, 4305 (2019)]; namely, their up- and down-spin components become different in the general $\boldsymbol{k}$-points of the Brillouin zone, even without the spin-orbit coupling. Furthermore, we demonstrate the variation in the optical properties near the Mott gap by the presence or absence of the antiferromagnetic order, tuned by a small staggered magnetic field.


The distribution of species of the genus Siniziliuin (Diptera: Simuliidae) in rivers situated inside and outside the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d' Andohahela is reviewed. No new species were discovered during the inventory of the reserve.


Molecular markers are genetic makers based on diverse DNA sequence variations.Since their establishment,dozens of molecular marker systems have been developed and used.Although these marker systems hold different advantages and analyzing volumes,they share a common disadvantage that they must adopt the cost-intensive and time-consuming detection methods,such as molecular hybridization,polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis.Massively parallel sequencing techniques have been widely used in genome sequencing,they are also influencing the development and application of high-throughput and low-cost new molecular marker systems.Here we briefly introduce a set of molecular markers newly developed in recent years and their application in genetic studies.


This paper presents the technique and tools for automatization of the synthesis of constrained-random test-bench for verification of the synthesizable designs of microprocessors and microcontrollers. The structure and parameters of constrained-random test-bench is coded by a stochastic grammar that is specified by elaborated tools. The Application, called RandGen, generates test-bench instantiation which is inserted in the design for synthesis. Also, elaborated tools allow to estimate various constrained-random parameters. The performed test experiments have showed that the apriori estimations and aposteriori test results are in good agreement.


Extended Three-Dimensional ADCIRC Hydrodynamic Model to Include Baroclinic Flow and Sediment Transport. (May 2004) Wahyu Widodo Pandoe, B.S., Institut Teknologi Bandung; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Billy L. Edge The objective of this research is to identify the circulation patterns of the water and sediment fluxes in coastal and estuarine zones, where the shoaling processes correlate with tide generating flow patterns. The research provides a better understanding of the characteristics of spatial and temporal variability of currents. An important deviation from previous research is the inclusion of the baroclinic term, which becomes very important in density driven flows. The understanding of this process provides a basis for determining how the water circulation three-dimensionally controls the hydrodynamics of the system and ultimately transports the suspended and soluble materials due to combined currents and waves. A three-dimensional circulation model is used to calculate the water circulation. The model is based on the three-dimensional (3D) version of Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) Hydrodynamic Model with extending the Sediment Transport module. The model is based on the finite element method on unstructured grids. The output of the hydrodynamic model is used to estimate spatial and temporal advections, dispersions and bottom shear stress for the erosion, suspension, deposition and transport of sediment. The model development includes extending the existing three-dimensional (3D) ADCIRC Model with (1) baroclinic forcing term and (2) transport module of suspended and soluble materials. The transport module covers the erosion, material suspension and deposition processes for both cohesive and non-cohesive type sediments. The inclusion


The observation, via optically detected magnetic resonance, of shallow donors in GaAs is reported. A resonance having |g|=0.43±0.01 was observed as a change in the long-wavelength photoluminescence from samples doped with approximately 10 16 cm -3 Te and approximately 4×10 16 cm -3 Cr. The large resonance linewidth of 930 mT is attributed to exchange interactions with randomly distributed recombination partners