Batak Toba is a tribe that has a traditional dance. Batak Toba traditional dance called tortor. Tortor is a dance that animates the whole body with the required rhythm gondang the center of the movement of the hands and fingers, feet and legs, back and shoulders. While the dancers tortor (dance) is called with panortor. Motion in tortor (dance) is important. Motion in tortor (dance) adjusted to the position panortor (dancer) in the concept of kinship Dalihan Na Tolu. Tortor (dance) has an important role in every event Batak, but can be clearly aware that there are many Toba Batak people who do not understand the meaning of each movement tortor dance during the wedding ceremony in the village of Tangga Batu. Analysis of the data used to answer the problems that exist in this research is qualitative descriptive approach were further analyzed based on the theories in this research is purposive sampling where the number of informants of 5 people consisting of one traditional leaders and the 4 participants vote who witnessed tortor. From the results of research in the field that tortor in marriage ceremonies show that every hand movement has a meaning and significance of each activity tortor. Hand movements have meaning, namely: Maneanea means asking for blessings, mamasu-masu means to give thanks, old mangido means to ask and receive blessings and manomba respecting the parents of his wife. The results of this research shows that the majority of Batak Toba people do not know what is contained in tortor dance in Toba Batak wedding ceremony. The wedding ceremony in the village of Batu Tangga not use musical accompaniment in the form of gondang, but replaced with a musical accompaniment keyboard music, because it is more practical and modren. Shifting now to own women's fashion wear kebaya and Ulos wrapped around the outside of clothing. Based on the results of the study are already many people who become panortor on custom events marriage leave culture to wear Ulos as one tool in manortor that should be used, and not infrequently encountered many of the panortor or female dancers did not wear gloves or wearing only pants only when will participate manortor thus reducing the value of modesty.


The literary treasures of the Holy Monastery of St. George the Zograf (widely known as Zograf Monastery) on Mount Athos, Greece, have attracted the scholarly attention for almost two centuries now. Built back in the X c., the Monastery has been inhabited by Slavic monks, predominantly Bulgarian in origin, for a millennium. Numerous medieval books have been taken by different visitors from the Monastery's Library and "migrated", mainly to the lands of the former Russian Empire. Despite that, due to the relative difficulties in terms of access, the Library and its manuscripts have neither seen proper cataloguing so far, nor have been studied to a sufficient extent. The present article makes an overview of several topics. First, it sketches the history of cataloguing attempts made for Zograf's Library since XIX c. to contemporary undertakings. Second, it describes the current state of the Library's repertoire, which is by far wider than expected until recently, and the formation of several teams with different fields of research in order to cover the whole range of thousands of hand-written books and documents spanning all over ten centuries. Third, the article traces the stages of the decade lasting (and still continuing) process of digitalization of the Zograf's literary heritage and the attempts of providing its accessibility to the scholars – at least for its most valuable pieces, if not in total.


ISO 9000 certification adds to the fact of being a management tool, source of competitive advantages, its potential to stimulate the advance of industry towards TQM. Many studies have been published that seem to confirm this, but a close review of available publications has allowed us to detect the absence of such an investigation in Spain. That is why an empirical work has been planned, its main goal being to analyse how relevant certification may be in the progress of Spanish companies towards TQM. Mail surveys were carried out on 3,864 certified organizations; 749 (19.4 per cent) responded. The answers of participating companies reflect that although certification leads to a basic quality level, it is also true that it generates a degree of steadiness and a constant demands for updatinh and adaptation of the system it is based on, transforming it into a perfect foundation for more advanced quality practices.


] In interpretation, linguistic transmitted is often through many different carriers. As for the different carriers, applied technology and printing materials are regarded as very important ways for improving linguistic transmitting abilities. Although many different modes have been tried and some efficiency can be seen during this time. During the course of interpretation,note method is very special and useful for the interpretation. At the same time, the proper application of printing materials is also analyzed for improving the efficiency of interpretation, in the course, the author finds out that each material has its own special characteristics and proper application methods. Thus,it is the special characteristics of printing materials that make applied technology and printing materials play more important roles in interpretation. [key words] applied technology; useful modes; printing materials; interpretation; note methods


In cattle, phenotypic expression of reproductive traits occurs late in life. The identification of causal mutations in genes affecting reproduction permits the inclusion of these SNPs in customized DNA chips to increase accuracy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect causal mutations in the TOX and NCOA2 genes previously identified by genome-wide association studies of zebu cattle. DNA was extracted from 385 Nellore females and polymorphisms were investigated by PCR-sequencing. Five polymorphisms were detected in the NCOA2 gene and four in the TOX gene. Analysis of variance showed that a SNP in the NCOA2 gene was significantly associated with probability of early pregnancy (p=0.02) and age at first calving (p=0.03), another SNP in the same gene was significant for days to calving (p=0.03). Studies investigating polymorphisms in other regions of the gene and in other genes should be conducted to identify causal mutations.


This article describes the LLAMD Euro-Project (London, Lyon, Amsterdam, Munich and Dublin). This is a single project involving 5 major cities, and it encompasses linked field trials in a coordinated research program. The trials include the London APPLE (Advanced Pilot Project for London and Europe). This concentrates on developing links between route guidance and traffic control. It also includes DEDALE, Symphonie, and Celtic, all at Lyon. The Amsterdam route guidance project WEGWIJS is also briefly described. The Munich systems include COMFORT (COoperative Management For urban and Regional Transport), the Public Transport Data Centre (PTDC), and a Park and Ride Information system. The Dublin system (DUBSAFE) is an accident recording system. For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006.


The question of price – benefi t ratios has never been seriously debated in the USA, unlike in other countries. In the UK, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) [ 1 ] makes recommendations using a combination of clinical evidence (treatment effi cacy) and economic issues (how well treatments work relative to cost). A critical component of NICE ' s function is to determine if a new therapy represents good economic value.


Leaves are the primary identifying feature of trees and other plants. Many of these plants are used in the pharmaceutical industry as industrial crops. Growing automation in industries including commerce and medicine has made accurate leaf identification crucial. Leaves are typically classified according to morphological or genetic characteristics. As a result of their numerous physical differences, however, it is becoming increasingly difficult to categorize the diverse leaf cultivars that exist. Several evolutionary shifts over the past several decades have resulted in an increase in the number of variants of a certain leaf type. To manually sift and identify these leaves is a laborious process. A novel hybrid GOS algorithm is proposed in this study for detecting leaves based on their shape, color, and texture. Three types of leaves (apple, cucumber, and mango) are used as examples, and features for each are extracted using Image Processing techniques, before being optimized with the Grey Wolf Optimizer and finally classified with the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed GOS work improves upon the SVM classifier, with a classification accuracy of 96.83 percent.


Basic services provided in urban areas are continually undergoing a process of change and improvement. Administrative functions also complicate the ability to make prompt and accurate decisions. It is especially important for local governments, which provide technical services in urban areas, to have fast and reliable access to updated map bases and other spatial information. The urban information system (UIS) is a spatial-based information system organising and managing all types of graphic and non-graphic spatial information needed by local governments. In this study, a prototypical interface software for a UIS is designed and developed to share and dynamically update data, thereby increasing the efficiency of location-based services provided by medium-sized municipalities. The result is a software-based UIS that is cost-effective, requires no additional hardware, is flexible, user-friendly and highly adaptable. This prototype application, called DEVKBS V.1.0, is based on ArcView 3.x GIS and is written ...


The author has investigated the enzymatic pattern of Bowman's glands in rabbit olfactory mucosa, using histochemical methods. Oxidation reduction (succinic, isocitric, lactic and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, DPN- and TPN-linked diaphorases, cytochrome oxidase) and hydrolytic (acid and alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterases and lipases) reactions have been studied. The marked positivity of several of these important reactions suggests an active metabolic state of the glands, probably related to specific secretory processes.


This paper presents a scheme for constructing an almost optimal control law for a linear time invariant plant via a bounded input bounded output stable controller. The control law is required to be almost optimal with respect to a quadratic performance index. The controller is also required to stabilize the system. The main result of the paper is a scheme for constructing such an output feedback controller. This linear controller is described by a set of state equations which is of twice the plant dimension and allows for jumps in the state at periodic intervals. It is shown that for the existence of such a controller, it is sufficient that the plant be stabilizable and detectable.


The Clarke Forum for Contemporary Issues at Dickinson College will welcome three guest speakers in November to discuss a broad range of issues.


The research objective is to improve the students' conceptual understanding of static electricity through the PBL model with external representation capabilities of class IXC in SMPN 1 Peling Tengah. This research is designed in classroom action research. The research steps consisted of planning,  implementation of actions,  observation, and reflection, conducted in two cycles. The results show that the students' conceptual understanding is improved through PBL models with external representation abilities. The improvement could be seen from the teacher's and students' activity in the first cycle improved to 68% with a good category. While the students' learning activities are improved in the first cycle to 62% include with a sufficient category. The teacher's activity in the second cycle was improved to 95.9% with an excellent category. Whereas, the students' activity in the second cycle was improved to 90% with a good category. The students' learning outcomes improved to 82.6% in the first cycle and to 87.3 % in the second cycle. The students were able to express a problem with an ability to represent externally in the forms of images, graphics, verbal, tables, and mathematics, although they were still directed by the teacher


An investigation of flow of gases and vapors in vacuum through a path of very small cross‐sectional area, namely that of a high vacuum gas leak valve, reveals the existence of a new flow behavior which is well behaved. The characteristics are different from that of the molecular flow or that of the sonic flow through a small aperture. The unambiguous nature of the flow has been observed by three independent flow measurement techniques. The conductance is found to decrease with the pressure upstream and depends on the geometry and specie. The effect of the residence time of the gas molecules during the collisions with the wall of the conducting path has been attributed as a possible mechanism to explain the observed flow phenomenon. The flow behavior has also been studied for two isotopic water vapors. Based on the defined characteristics of the flow, an application technique is proposed for finding the partial pressures of the component vapor and gases in a low‐vacuum system by making the measurements in ...


In a first condition, the sum of discharging power from a first battery stack (110) and discharging power from a second battery stack (120) is limited in accordance with the sum of a limit value (WOUT) of discharging power from the first battery stack and a limit value (WOUT) of discharging power from the second battery stack. In a second condition, electric power of the battery stacks is limited in accordance with either of limit value (WOUT) of discharging power from the first battery stack and limit value (WOUT) of discharging power from the second battery stack.


ment of intraocular cameras for retinal prostheses. This book is certainly enjoyable for anyone with an interest in optics, spectroscopy and nanosciences in general. It provides a heterogeneous overview of several fields of optics. The various chapters are very different from each other, going from the very mathematical theoretical description of quasi-normal mode expansion to the narrative account of the history and present perspectives of VLSI photonics. Here and there, there are also some elements that add personal depth to the figure of Professor Richard Kounai Chang, for example, the account of the testing of a single-particle fluorescence spectrometer: 'The system was assembled and tested at Yale. To investigate this sampling particle fluorescence spectrometer's capability to measure particles emanating from non-humans (e.g. allergenes), Richard brought in his dog to the laboratory. The instrument could detect the increase in fluorescent particles when Richard's dog walked around wagging his tail: thus this new sampler was termed the ''Dog Sniffer'''.


Chemical analyses were performed on major, minor, and rare-earth elements of pelagic and hemipelagic sediments of the forearc, arc, and backarc sites of the Izu-Bonin Arc, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 126. Analyses of the hemipelagic and pelagic sediments of this area indicate that the chemical composition of this arc is highly affected by the chemical composition of rocks of this arc as a source of sediments. The Oligocene sediments, which are characterized by high MgO contents, reflect the chemical composition of the Paleogene volcanic rocks of the immature arc. Moreover, the late Miocene to Quaternary sediments with low MgO contents are attributed to the composition of the present arc. We also suggest that the sedimentation rates and topography of the sedimentary basin affect the MnO and SiO2 contents of pelagic and hemipelagic sediments.


In popular culture, converts to a new religion, especially Islam, are widely considered overly zealous. This is despite a lack of evidence for this view. But do converts to Islam have faith differently than their 'born Muslim' counterparts (non-converts)? Very little research has explored such differences. Consequently, this study compares Islamic religiousness, as measured by the Psychological Measure of Islamic Religiousness (Abu Raiya et al., 2008), between convert and non-convert US Muslims using a series of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. In our sample, Abu-Raiya et al.'s (2008) proposed factor structure showed poor model fit. Exploratory factor analyses provide evidence that Islamic religiousness of converts and nonconverts differ in meaningful ways: converts have a simpler structure of religiousness than nonconverts, and their beliefs are less directly aligned with their practices compared to non-converts. These findings suggest that converts and non-converts it seems they believe and practice Islam differently. INDEX WORDS: Psychology of religion, Islam, Religious conversion, Religiousness, Factor analysis. Structural equation modeling ZEAL OF THE CONVERT? COMPARING THE STRUCTURE OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUSNESS BETWEEN CONVERTS AND NON-CONVERTS MUSLIMS


Abstract The effect of trace impurity elements on the hot-ductility behaviour of both simple and complex copper-nickel alloys has been investigated using a modified Gleeble apparatus. The elements studied were bismuth, lead, selenium, sulphur, and tellurium added singly and in combination at various levels in the range 1–750 ppm (wt). High strain-rate tensile tests (10S−1) were carried out on the alloys over a range of temperatures during the cooling part of a simulated TIG welding cycle. Ductility was found to decrease progressively as the amount of impurity increased, but recommended safe limits could be specifiedfor simple alloys. Bismuth and tellurium were particularly harmful whereas sulphur was relatively innocuous even at levels as high as 750 ppm. When such elements were present in combination, the ductility was significantly decreased and a simple relationship between ductility and the total trace impurity content of the alloy is produced. This gives reasonable agreement with experimentally deter...


During the development of a bioassay, the variance decomposition is a common used statistical methodology; the single variance components estimates are used to select the best format for the assay and the total variance is used to estimate the variability between measurements. United States Pharmacopeia also requires the construction of a confidence interval for the bioassay validation parameters. This dissertation evaluates the performance of different variance components estimators and compares the coverage probabilities of Wald and Bootstrap 95% confidence intervals on variance components for a four-level mixed model under conditions comparable to those of a realistic bioassay (small sample size, small variances and possible deviations from the normal distribution). Through Monte Carlo simulations, the performance of the REML estimator has been evaluated considering the bounded and the unbounded approach. Particular focus lays on the case of negative variance components estimates, which is relevant in applications to bioassay experiments. The confidence intervals have been obtained with two different methods, namely the Wald method with the quantiles of the normal distribution and the Bootstrap percentile method based on non-parametric cases resampling. Regarding the performance of the single variance component estimators, the study confirms that, especially when a factor of the assay has very few levels and a small variance, an increase in its number of levels is valuable. Moreover, in this particular case study, the investigation indicates that the unbounded procedure performs well for the estimation of the total variance of a bioassay experiment, which is particular relevant for the computation of the IP %CV in validation process. Finally, on average, the coverage probability obtained for the variance components with the Bootstrap approach on unbounded estimates is more satisfying than the coverage probability obtained with the Wald method; the performance of the Bootstrap is satisfactory for the total variance, too. The suggestion is to use the Bootstrap approach for constructing confidence intervals during the evaluation of bioassay variabilities.


Traveling‐wave parametric devices operating in the initial‐value mode are modeled and analyzed. In the initial‐value mode of operation, a signal pulse is injected into a nonlinear medium and allowed to propagate into the medium before the parametric pump is turned on. Examples of such operation have been based on magnetoelasticity and on photoelasticity with microwave sources and lasers, respectively, as the pump, and elastic wave pulses as the signal. Such devices are characterized here by a generic model of coupled transmission lines, with time‐space periodic (parametric) coupling. Rigorous (Floquet‐mode) solutions of the periodic model are utilized for initial values of small‐signal perturbances having pulse envelopes. Unstable responses to the initial excitation are calculated and shown to be predicted on the basis of the technique of asymptotic response previously used in the theory of plasma instabilities. The Fourier‐La Place representation is evaluated here using the (ω‐first) order of integration best suited to the asymptotic response, in which the instability characteristics can be displayed directly in terms of saddle‐point location and branch‐point separation of the instability dispersion function in k space. Characteristics such as thresholds of convective and absolute instabilities are found in terms of pump amplitude and losses. Growth rates—temporal or spatial as appropriate—and instability (crest) velocities are found in terms of the transmission line parameters. Finally, as a practical matter, it is noted that these unstable ``natural responses'' of the pumped medium introduce a distortion of the initial pulse envelope which would be unwanted in applications for delay lines and echo memories.


TheCAN/LINmixed busnetworkin bodycontrolsystemofbusstyleisresearched, and adesign methodofbodyworkmixed network and implementation of centre control unit by research mixed bus network.In bodywork control system, the design has advantages for reliable, high-performance and low cost that connect low-speed bodywork system to LIN bus.The system realizes reliable network control and reduces the development and produce cost of automobile electron system by select freescale automobile electron chip and intelligent chip.


Development in Human Computer Interactions (HCI) helps in budding user friendly systems to communicate with computers. One of the fundamental techniques that aid Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is face recognition. Face recognition is one of the most successful applications of


Details are presneted of a new limestone injection multistage burner as an economical and practical method of reducing emissions from existing power plants by 50%. The process involves injection of pulverized limestone into coal burners that are designed to minimize NO/sub x/ formation by staged combustion. The reaction of CaO with SO/sub 2/ following combustion is the principal mechanism of sulfur capture in the LIMB process. The relationship between surface area and reaction rate is evaluated. It was found that the rate of CaS formation increases exponentially with the specific surface area of CaO in micrometer size particles. The effect of surface area on reactivity is at least as great as that expected for pure diffusion control. The activation energy of CaO reaction with H/sub 2/S or COS is 31 kcal/mol for the limestone studied. On the basis of the activation energy measured between 600/sup 0/ and 900/sup 0/C, and the reaction rates measured for CaO of 40 m/sup 2//g surface area, efficient sulfur capture would be predicted at 1250/sup 0/C in a dispersed-particle system if the kinetics of CaS formation is the only limitation.


A seismic triggered seismograph (10) has a transducer (12) that measures particle vibration along three orthogonal axes and a microphone (14) which measures atmospheric overpressure. The four parameters measured produce signals which are passed through delay circuits (58, 60, 62, 90) and then connected for recording on magnetic tape (21). The seismic signals are examined before being input to the delay circuits (58, 60, 62) and when any of the signals exceeds a predetermined threshold, a tape transport (154) and recording mechanism are activated so that the signals are recorded when they emerge from the delay circuits. Both the delay circuits (58, 60, 62, 90) and the magnetic recording are implemented with analog format. At the end of a predetermined time interval following a seismic event, a calibration signal is applied to the magnetic recording. Following the calibration signal, the transducer (12) is activated by a standard amplitude signal for indicating calibration of the transducer (12). The atmospheric overpressure signal channel has written thereon following the calibration signals a digital summary of data related to the triggering signal, including the peak seismic event detected by the transducer (12) and the maximum atmospheric overpressure measured by the microphone (14).


Recently a technique has been developed that uses the recoil energy of Coulomb‐excited nuclei to implant them in a crystal lattice. The excited nuclei can easily be aligned, and useful information about the nuclear levels themselves, as well as the crystal in which they are implanted, can be extracted from the characteristic gamma-ray angular distributions. Magnetic moments of excited 2+ and 4+ states have been determined in this way. Useful information about the lattice also can be obtained by studying the emitted gamma rays with the Mossbauer effect.


Cerebral maturation in the normal human fetal brain was investigated by in utero localized proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS). Fifty‐eight subjects at 22–39 weeks of gestational age (GA) were explored. A combination of anterior body phased‐array coils (four elements) and posterior spinal coils (two to three elements) was used. Four sequences were performed (point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with short and long TEs (30 and 135 ms), with and without water saturation). A significant reduction in myo‐inositol (myo‐Ins) and choline (Cho) levels, and an increase in N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine (Cr) content were observed with progressing age. A new finding is the detection of NAA as early as 22 weeks of GA. This result is probably related to the fact that oligodendrocytes (whether mature or not) express NAA, as demonstrated by in vitro studies. Cho and myo‐inositol were the predominant resonances from 22 to 30 weeks and decreased gradually, probably reflecting the variations in substrate needed for membrane synthesis and myelination. The normal MRS data for the second trimester of gestation (when fetal MRI is usually performed) reported here can help determine whether brain metabolism is altered or not, especially when subtle anatomic changes are observed on conventional images. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Sixteen subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied to determine whether changes in plasma lipids and apolipoproteins follow intensified control using preprandial doses of regular insulin with an additional dose of NPH insulin before bedtime.The mean total daily dose of insulin was increased from 1.03 ± 0.09 to 1.17 ± 0.44 units/kg throughout the six-month period. Levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I increased without significant changes in hemoglobin A1 (HbA1), triglyceride, or cholesterol. These findings suggest that increases in HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were a result of the intensified insulin delivery.


Electrocautery seems to stanch bleeding from the very small and very low-pressure dermal capillaries. The supratrochlear artery and its equivalents are ensconced by design. From our clinical and histologic observations, we conclude that, because they are mediumpressure,medium size, andmultiple sectioned along their long axis, most forehead flap bleeding emanates from the unnamed interface arterioles on the exposed lateral PMFF pedicle.


A brief additional comment on de Soto: 'Yes, but ... it is not so simple.' Hernando de Soto proposes a hndamental and new message on the importance of (access to) information representing property for land tenure security, and even more important for the conversion of land assets (temporary or definitive) into capital. His policy conclusion is: 'Simple systems of titling will help the poor and stimulate investment and income generation.' This is important, but it may miss some points. I want to add a simple but fundamental caveat to his (too) simple policy conclusion:


blends of polystyrene and poly lactic acid. are described polymer blends of polystyrene (PS) and poly lactic acid (PLA) having add a compatibilizing agent, preferably a copolymer PLA-PS block. compatibilizers such agents act by controlling the phase separation between the components of the blend, not allowing excessive growth of the polystyrene domains dispersed in the PLA matrix, leading to obtain blends with good thermal and mechanical resistance.


Earthquakes with their unpredictability and most devastating nature is become a challenge for scientists and organizations around the world. To mitigate the devastating impacts of earthquake, seismic microzonation is frequently used to demarcate locations that are prone to amplified seismic response. The shear wave velocity of top 30m surface (Vs 30 ) is frequently and effectively used as an indicator of seismic microzonation. Remote sensing derived terrain slope is used as proxy for terrain slope (Wald and Allen 2007). The remote sensing derived geomorphic units are used as a proxy to estimate Vs 30 (Yong et al. 2008; Shafique et al. 2012). However, these studies are lacking the field measured Vs 30 data and hence the estimated Vs 30 might be unreliable. The aim of this study is to measure the Vs 30 in the field and correlate it with remote sensing derived terrain slope and geology to develop a more realistic seismic microzonation map for the study area of Balakot in northern Pakistan. We have collected 145 field measurements for Vs 30 using geophysical instrument (Micromed Tromino Engy) on the selected geological units and classified slopes in the Balakot valley. The collected Vs 30 measurements are subsequently correlated with the remote sensing derived terrain slope and geological formations. The final output this study is the Vs 30 based seismic microzonation map for the Balakot valley. The map can be used by the relevant organizations and agencies to formulate strategies for earthquake management.


We present results of surgical treatment of lung metastases. From 1976 to 1997 was excised focus in lung in 38 patient. The time interval was from 1 moths to 11 years. In 6 cases were exposed metastases of colorectal cancer. 6 men were lived over 5 year.


This essay will focus on three examples of Nigerian narrative written in English, Gabriel Okara, Amos Tutuola and Ken Saro-Wiwa, where the use and alteration of the language of the colonizers acquires a singular dimension in the question of African literary production, creating a controversial debate and subsequent criticism. These authors, who have different mother tongues, make their distortion of the English language unique in each case. However, this question cannot simply be reduced to the fact that literatures in English from African authors are African or English literatures.


In this research, ionomeric composites based on organophilized silica (SIL) and a thermoplastic elastomer (HSBR), were prepared and characterized from a microstructural and electrical point of view. DSC was used to confirm silica sulfonation and FTIR to characterize the polymer before and after sulfonation reaction. DSC and DMA analysis show that TgHPB remains constant in all the samples studied. TgPS measured through DMA presents an increase of about 40°C in the sample containing both the sulfonated filler and the sulfonated polymer matrix. The resulting materials can be easily processed to yield thin films (thickness 0.2–0.4 mm) with outstanding proton conducting properties (10−2 S · cm−1). The suitability for film formation and good electrical properties is indicative of their potential use as electrolytes in polymer fuel cells. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2715–2720, 2003


This paper focuses on using the self organization fuzzy neural network controller (SOFNN) to accomplish the periodic motion control of the linear induction motor (LIM) drive. The structure of the fuzzy-neural-network (FNN) is incorporated into the self-organization concept to form the SOFNN control system for alleviating the computation burden. Moreover, the adaptive laws for network parameters are derived in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theorem, and then the stability of the control system can be guaranteed under the occurrence of system uncertainties and external disturbance. The convergence analyses of the output error are based on the discrete-type Lyapunov function to assure the convergence of the output error. Finally, the parameter variations and the time-varying external disturbances are applied in the simulation.


Aim at the problems for weapon system cost estimation,a method-based on least square support vector machine(LS-SVM) was brought forward to establish cost estimation model.At the same time,considering the significance of the regularization parameter and kernel parameter in SVM modeling,a kind of layer grid search algorithm was put forward to get the optimum parameters of SVM model.According to the requirement on calculation precision in the actual problem,this algorithm could define the reasonable search layer and interval and obtained the good results conveniently and quickly.The actual application analysis showed that the method can effectively obtain the optimization parameters,furthermore the whole optimization procedure was distinct and the generalization performance of the model was satisfactory.


J ARED Eliot, as we shall see, engaged at diflerent times in several totally distinct lines of study and practice. He "meddled with all knowledge." But his chief interest for the medical profession lies in the fact that he was a very noted physician and medical instructor in New England at a time when there was not a medical school nor any professional school in the American Colonies. A brief notice of his life should therefore be of interest. A man's life begins in the generations which have gone before him and there, as a rule, should the story of his life begin. For good or evil he is in part chained to the qualities of his forbears. Inheritance and environment are his two companions for life. He cannot dismiss either. Which will do most in shaping his course, whether they will work together or at cross purposes, how far he himself will control them, fight, follow or drive them, these are the matters that make the "war in our members" which St. Paul described and which plague all of us. A brief notice therefore of his immediate ancestors may well precede the story of Jared Eliot's life and will show in the course of it how the virtues of the fathers, no less than their sins, are visited upon their children and their children's children to the third and fourth generation. Let us begin with his grandfather, John Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians. He was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, and taught in England for a time in a school conducted by Rev. Thomas Hooker, through whom he was led to enter the ministry. In 1631 he came to Boston and soon settled in the ministry at Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he served for fifty years.


This paper presents a new area and power efficient VLSI architecture for least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filterusing distributed arithmetic (DA). Conventionally, DA basedLMS adaptive filter requires look-up tables (LUTs) for filteringand weight updating operations. The size of LUTs grows exponentially with filter order. The proposed scheme has reducedthe LUT size to half by storing the offset-binary-coding (OBC) combinations of filter weights and input samples. To make theadaptive filter more area and power efficient, it is not necessary todecompose LUT into two smaller LUTs. Hence, by using the nondecomposed LUT the proposed design achieves significant savingsin area and power over the best existing scheme. In addition, the proposed architecture involves comparatively lesser hardwarecomplexity for the same LUT-size. From synthesis results, it isfound that the proposed design with 32nd order filter offers 19.83% less area and consumes 20.54 % less power; utilizes 16.67 %and 19.04 % less number of LUT and FF respectively over thebest existing scheme.


Predicting the damage progression behavior of fiber composites using finite element methods is an ongoing challenge in design of high performance structures. A common application of fiber composites is out-of-plane bending of a notched composite panel. This loading occurs, for example, in an aircraft fuselage near reinforcing members such as ribs or stringers. The material parameters used by the finite element package Abaqus that dictate damage progression behavior of fiber composites include 6 strength values which control when damage is initiated, and 4 energy parameters that control how damage propagates. The values of the initiation parameters (strengths) are often accurately known, however the values of the propagation parameters (energies) are often not accurately known. The consequences of these inaccuracies are not consistent. Current research indicates that accurate FEA results for out-of-plane bending always require accurate values for the material strengths. However the effect of inaccurate material propagation energy values can vary depending on composite laminate layup. Understanding how these effects vary and which values are important can help a designer select a material and/or determine which propagation energy values need to be accurately determined. This study uses the Abaqus implicit FEA solver to model center notched carbon fiber panels to explore the effect of ply orientation on the sensitivity of maximum load to values of matrix tensile propagation energy and matrix compressive propagation energy. Preliminary studies of this loading scenario showed that these values have significant effects on maximum load only for certain layups. Five different 20 ply layups were chosen for this study with varying number of plies oriented in the 90 degree direction. The 90 degree direction is defined as perpendicular to the bending stresses and parallel to the notch. For each layup, matrix compressive and tensile propagation energies were specified at ±20% from their nominal values to create two-level factorials. Each layup was also run using nominal values as a center point to assess linearity of the effects. Furthermore, damage propagation paths were compared to understand how damage propagation was being affected. This way, nonlinear effects of matrix propagation energy values on maximum load could be separated from any regime changes in damage propagation. The results of this study lend understanding to the finite element analyst on how layup affects the need for high-accuracy values of certain material properties. Accurate FEA results for some layups do not depend on accurate matrix propagation energy values. Having this in mind can save significant resources in the fiber composite design process by eliminating unnecessary destructive tests to determine material property values accurately.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Abstract : The primary task of this thesis is to recreate the events and perceptions of the period June 1941 through August 1945 as witnessed by the American Legation in Beirut. This is a case study of U.S. diplomatic history during the Second World War in a country of limited significance to the war and to the United States. This is also an historical case study of a client's attempt to influence the foreign policy of a superpower. Keywords: Lebanon history; Urban areas; Diplomats theses; International relations.


According to Parker and colleagues (2003), a silent epidemic affects the health status of most of the American population, that is to say inadequate health literacy. The same is true in European Countries, where - on average - a third of the population is not able to fully understand, appraise and apply health information as well as to appropriately navigate the health care system (HLS-EU Consortium, 2012). Until today, the attention has been mainly focused on the individual determinants of low health literacy, while studies concerning the health literacy environment (Rudd & Anderson, 2006) and the organizational health literacy (Weaver, et al ., 2012) are uncommon. This paper aims at contributing to fill this gap through an explorative research about the tools health care organizations adopt to improve their hosts' health literacy. Drawing from the international literature (Brach et al ., 2012; DeWalt et al., 2010; Murphy-Knoll, 2007; Stableford & Mettger, 2007; Matthew & Sewell, 2002) the main approaches to improve organizational health literacy are outlined. Then, a distinction between formal and informal tools to address organizational health literacy needs is suggested and the effectiveness of both of them is compared. The findings of the research suggest that the latter are more common than the former, although they have lower perceived effectiveness compared with formal methods. Health care organizations seem to be still far from effectively activating comprehensive health literacy pathways. Systemic efforts to acquire awareness of the issue and to put in place effective processes of change towards health literacy are strongly needed.


Objective: To study the effect of Mifesitone on menopause DUB. Method: Treating 63 cases menopause DUB with 12.5mg Mifesitone for 6 months. and then observe the changes of endocrine, the pathology of endometrium and PR. Result: All the patients were amenorrhea during the period of taking medicine. The anemia was improved: Detect the FSH?LH?P by radioimmunotherapy. They all decreases. Conclusion: It has good effect?litte side effect that mifesitone in menopause DUB.


SUMMARY

The paper presents a kinetic approach to the problem of fusion of cracks. A kinetic equation for the size distribution function of cracks is derived. By division of all cracks into three groups a set of three simple equations is obtained. From a numerical analysis of the simple model we conclude that periodic solutions appear, if the intensity of nucleation of little cracks is big enough and a stress release mechanism at the crack source is included. the periodic solutions can be interpreted as repetitive episodes of seismicity.


In this paper we obtain a su-cient and necessary con- dition for an analytic function f on the unit ball B with Hadamard gaps, that is, for f(z) = P1=1 Pnk (z) (the homogeneous polyno- mial expansion of f) satisfying nk+1=nk ' ' > 1 for all k 2 N; to belong to the weighted Bergman space A p(B) = ' f j Z B jf(z)j p (1 i jzj 2 ) fi dV (z) < 1; f 2 H(B) " : We flnd a growth estimate for the integral mean µZ @B jf(r‡)j p dae(‡) ¶1=p ; and an estimate for the point evaluations in this class of functions. Similar results on the mixed norm space Hp;q;fi(B) and weighted Bergman space on polydisc A p (U n ) are also given.


The shift to sustainable travel modes is a great challenge in a low-density built environment because a high preference for suburban living leads to excessive reliance on car travel. In general, higher quality of life (QoL) can be expected from clean and efficient public transport development and integrated spatial development accessible to it. However, development of public transport in a low-density environment needs to be of high quality and large-scale in order to encourage car-reliant local residents to shift to public transport. This paper aims to investigate how a light-rail scheme would influence QoL in a low-density city, Canberra, Australia. It evaluates the social benefits of QoL improvement from the ongoing light-rail project a 12km single route from the city centre to the north side. It also examines the potential extension of the light rail to the area that has offices, event facilities and the airport to achieve the most sustainable outcomes. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of WORLD CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT RESEARCH SOCIETY.


Three hundred and sixty-nine problems with fully worked solutions for courses in computer science, combinatorics, and graph theory, designed to provide graded practice to students with as little as a high school algebra background. Originally used to prepare Rumanian candidates for participation in the International Mathematical Olympiads, this book includes both simple problems and complex ones, arranged according to subject. It provides various levels of problems, some of which had been previously available only in research journals. All details of the proofs are given in the solutions.


Emotion and Cognition In this article we examine whether emotions are helpful or even necessary for problem solving or not. We investigate the behaviour of a Psi-model with and without emotions. Psi is a theory of human "action regulation", a theory about how cognition, motivation and emotion are integrated in controlling human behaviour in complex and dynamic domains of reality (see Dorner et al. 2002). The Psi-theory is partially implemented as a computer program. In Psi cognition, motivation and emotion are conceptualized as information processes, generally as "calculation". How is it possible to generate "irrational" emotional processes as "rational" processes of "calculation"? According to concepts of Belavkin & Ritter (2003) what is called "emotion" in our eyes is a controlling system which takes into account two relations of an organism to reality, namely the uncertainty (unpredictability) of the environment and the (estimated) degree of efficiency of an organism to tackle problems (competence). – When uncertainty is high an organism should be prepared for action, especially for flight or aggresssion, should exhibit a tendency to explore its environment, should exhibit a high degree of safeguarding behaviour. When competence is low an organism should try to avoid contact with too difficult problems, should try to enlarge its competence by looking for "efficiency" signals by trying to master problems which hitherto it has not been able to master. Emotions are based on such modes of being prepared for different forms of actions; additionally however internal parameters of cognitive processes are modified according to the degree of competence and certainty. One of these parameter is arousal (= general preparedness for action), another one is the resolution level of cognitive processes. A low resolution level means rough planning, superficial ("overinclusive") perception and shallow, conservative processes of recall. A sudden decrease of competence for instance would mean a sudden increase of arousal, decrease of resolution level (to guarantee quick action), incomplete recall of possible modes of action for the situation at hand and rough planning of actions, hence swift and risky (undeliberated) action. This mode of action could be described as "anger". Prediction of human behaviour In a series of experiments we examined the relation of the Psi-model to human behaviour. We used different forms of a complex, dynamic, maze like environment (the "island" Detje, 1998; Gerdes 2001) where human subjects had to play a kind of adventure game. They had to take care of the "survival" of a robot, which needed water and fuel (for instance in the form of sunflower seeds or hazelnuts) for its internal steam engine. The subjects had to explore the geographical form of the island, had to plan actions to find water and fuel, to preserve the robot from damage and they had to find as many "nuggets" as possible. The Psi version of an experimental subject was the same robot without the control of a human subject, but with the Psi-theory implementation serving as the robots "soul". In several experiments it was possible to predict human behaviour to a satisfactory degree.


The application of virtual simulation teaching system in physical education teaching in colleges and universities is an inevitable trend of the integration of information technology and physical education teaching. This paper mainly integrates the characteristics of VR technology and the characteristics of the physical education process itself, and strengthens the application of exercise intensity and load in the VR physical education simulation system. 3D modeling of rehearsal scenes and personnel through virtual reality technology. The entire rehearsal process is simulated with the help of virtual simulation. According to the characteristics of physical education, the system applies virtual reality technology to traditional teaching to achieve autonomous learning and improve teaching quality.


Despite over seventy years of broadcasting, Radio Nigeria (FRCN) network signals still have poor reception and sometimes total failure. Apart from the problems of attenuation, fading, distortion, interference and noise, which are age-long problems militating against the performance of a digital communication system, radio communications engineers also face some new challenges arising from bandwidth limitation, equipment complexity, power limitation, noise limitation and cost. These problems are often encountered in the design of any communication systems and arose due to the imperfect nature of the communication channel. Each attempt to solve the problems creates additional cost, resulting from increased complexity in the design or increased radio frequency (RF) power requirement. The diversity technique presented in this paper is aimed at solving the problem of signal fading and poor reception of radio signals. The results of the previous studies have presented space diversity technique as a good tool for combating signal fading in a radio broadcasting station, whose studio and transmitting stations are located at different geographical locations, by connecting multiple antennas at both the transmit and the receiver ends. Simulation was conducted using MATLAB to verify the relationship between antenna heights and coverage distance in the line-of-sight transmission. The results are in total compliance with the attenuation square law, which states that signal strength is inversely proportional to distance. CCS Concepts • Hardware ➝Integrated circuit ➝Interconnect ➝Radio frequency and wireless interconnect


FROM the great and fruitful truth established by Lester F. Ward that human desires are the springs of conduct and the true causes of social phenomena it follows that a scientific control of man will be one that modifies his desires. And hence in all the modes of control I have described we do, in fact, see society in some way crossing, blocking, weakening, or supplementing these central forces or human life. A desire, however, is not an original datum. It is necessary to distinguish impulsive and imitative desires from those which follow upon a judgment of approval. In the case of the appetites for food, drink, sex, and sleep, and the passions, such as love, envy, jealousy, and revenge, the impulse precedes any imputation of worth, or is, at least, proverbially uninfluenced by it. When one ventures to ascribe real worth to the objects of such desire, his estimate is so manifestly due to the radiance with which yearning invests its dear object that the pessimist may well be pardoned for denying it any validity. Such desires arise as spontaneously as the sap mounts or the tree puts forth buds. But there are desires less insistent and imperious that wait upon rather than precede judgments of approval. The blind outward surging toward this or that is not the type of the pursuit of knowledge or asthetic enjoyment or personal excellence. When not under the spur of the appetites and passions, man shows himself a reasonable being by directing his endeavors toward " goods," i. e., objects which his judgment tells him are the causes of pleasure. With vision no longer dimmed by the mounting of hot desire, he selects values as the goal of his endeavor. In his reflective moments he


JOY Mining Company is a global company,manufacturing and selling different kind of advanced mining machines and the relevant equipments.This article analyses the overload situations of JOY AFC in Shangwan Coal Mine.And also,some measurements for long period and short period are supplied to solve this problem.


Back ground: Chronic pain is a global public health concern because of its high prevalence, high economic costs, and negative impact on the quality of life of individuals and their families. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of chronic pain on activities of daily living among elderly at their homes. Design: A descriptive design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at Kafr El-Genady Village, Diarb Negm District, Sharkia Governorate. Sample: A stratified random sampling technique of 352 elderly suffering from chronic pain. Tools: Ӏ An interview questionnaire sheet consisted of three parts (personal characteristics-pain assessment and assessment of the impact of pain on elderly life). Ӏ Ӏ Assess effect of chronic pain on Daily Living Activities. Results:. Revealed that there were statistically significant relations between elderly' independence in DLAs and all the aspects of impact of pain (p<0.001). Conclusion: The elderly suffering from chronic pain in the study settings have a high prevalence of chronic diseases. The pain has high impact on their life and most of them are partially or totally dependent in the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Recommendation: More efforts from gerontology and community health nurses in carrying out their educational roles through individual and group sessions for elderly to improve their knowledge of the chronic pain.


In the process of the implementation of fitness project for peasants,Chinese traditional sports has its national,corroborant and interesting characters,plays an important status and role in the new rural construction.The value orientation on Chinese traditional sports can not be underestimated.It can benefit farmers health and helps to generate a sense of well-being,enhance national self-confidence in less-developed regions in favor of passing down the national culture,carrying forward the national spirit;enhancing the level of civilization and culture in rural areas,and guiding the farmers to form a healthy lifestyle.Chinese traditional sports is power resources that can not be ignored in promoting the process of the new rural construction in the western ethnic areas.


The following piezoelectric security doormat is a safety device based on the piezoelectric effect and its converse. Pressure exerted by the person on the doormat is detected by the piezoelectric plates lined inside the mat. These piezoelectric plates are connected in a parallel orientation to make the doormat more durable because if a single piezoelectric plate becomes dysfunctional, the remaining branches will still work and keep the entire system operational. Once the pressure is detected, an electric charge is generated due to the piezoelectric effect. This electric charge is sensed by the Arduino. The coding of the Arduino is done in such a way that whenever it senses an electrical input, the piezo buzzer attached to it is turned on. This piezoelectric buzzer works on the principle of inverse piezoelectric effect where the voltage difference applied induces mechanical stress on the plates producing vibrations. Thus, the security doormat on sensing pressure difference whenever someone stands on it turns on the buzzer connected to it and therefore, alerts the residents.


This article takes advantages of re-configurability, built in block RAM and embedded processor from a FPGA chip, to design a FIFO_based stream video signal procession accelerator IP. The accelerator IP can be packed into a general propose stream video co-processor which is used in SOC-based video signal procession application in form of software control. This work presents an independent real-time platform for retrieval, processing, scaling and VGA display of stream video signal, which can be utilized in real-time surveillance system image display. This platform simultaneously provides four sets of analog camcorder video inputs and processing. The image refreshing rate is above 30 frames per second. Operated under four analog camcorders, the platform IP only occupies 30% system hardware resources.


This paper proposes the effective technique for estimating efficiency of existing three-phase induction motors in the field. This technique focuses on the operating efficiency of motors without the need for removing the motors and without the need for measuring the output power or torque. This paper describes the use of a few sets of data (voltage, current, power, speed) measured from the motor (on-site) coupled with the genetic algorithms for evaluating the motor parameters instead of using the no-load and blocked rotor test results. Once these parameters are known it is possible to obtain the estimated efficiency of the motor. To illustrate how well the estimated efficiency match that of the calculated obtained from the standard evaluations, the results of various induction motors rating 10 up to 100 hp are presented. Test results indicate that this proposed technique has a high accuracy, and then it could be suitable for conducting on-site energy audits of existing motors in order to support a decision to replace operating motors with a higher-efficiency model.


Human resource (HR) flexibility is highly desirable in firms. Yet very little is known about the characteristics of firms that are conducive to HR flexibility, particularly in multinational corporations (MNCs). In this study, we investigate the determinants of HR flexibility in foreign subsidiaries of MNCs. We argue that the relationship between headquarters (HQ) and its foreign subsidiary plays an important role in this regard. Our data was collected via a survey of HR directors/managers of foreign subsidiaries operating in Hong Kong. The results of regression analysis show that HQ's resource allocation, but not HQ's control, is positively related to the level of HR flexibility in its foreign subsidiary. We further find that the presence of a high-performance work system (HPWS) mediates the relationship between HQ's resource allocation and subsidiary's HR flexibility.


Rivastigmine, a dual acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, is used for symptomatic treatment of patients with mild to moderately severe dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In the present study, we found that 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) is downregulated, whereas 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) is upregulated in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 region by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in mice. Furthermore, chronic treatment with rivastigmine (1.0 mg/kg) for 2 weeks starting 2 weeks after OBX operation restored the decreased 5-HT1AR and the increased 5-HT2AR levels. To determine whether cholinergic receptor stimulation by rivastigmine is involved in the rivastigmine-induced regulation of 5-HTR levels, we treated the mice with mecamylamine (2.5 mg/kg), or atropine (5.0 mg/kg) with rivastigmine (1.0 mg/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Notably, the rivastigmine-induced 5-HT1AR upregulation was eliminated by mecamylamine but not by atropine treatments. On the other hand, the restored 5-HT2AR level by rivastigmine was not affected by either mecamylamine or atropine. Treatment with 8-OH-DPAT, a selective 5-HT1AR agonist improved the decreased 5-HT1AR and the increased 5-HT2AR levels in OBX mice. On the other hand, treatment with TCB-2, a potent 5-HT2AR agonist had no effects on the 5-HT1AR and 5-HT2AR dysregulation in OBX mice. Taken together, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation mediates rivastigmine-induced upregulation of 5-HT1AR. Therefore, we speculate that the increased ACh levels by rivastigmine can stimulate nAChR located on serotonergic nerve terminals and stimulate 5-HT1AR by the enhanced 5-HT release in the hippocampus. The 5-HT1AR stimulation likely mediates the improvement of 5-HT1AR levels as auto-receptor in OBX hippocampus.


This article presents a linear programming formulation to solve the network design problem using the link transmission model (LTM) as the underlying traffic flow model. The original LTM was adapted by incorporating link-sending and receiving flows using linear inequalities. Furthermore, route choice was relaxed, and transfer flow variables were used to model vehicles' routing decisions within the network. The objective function of the linear program aimed to minimize the total difference between the cumulative vehicle numbers (CVN) at the upstream and at the downstream boundaries of each link subject to flow-conservation and budget constraints. CVN were represented using transfer flows from connected links. The resulting formulation is a linear program that represents a dynamic system optimum traffic flow pattern, embedding the LTM's network loading procedure. In contrast to the single-destination system optimum dynamic traffic assignment, based on the cell transmission model, the proposed formulation requires considerably fewer decision variables, thus potentially providing a more scalable approach. The proposed formulation was implemented on an example network to illustrate the behavior of the model, and was compared with the cell-based formulation. We show that the model describes free-flow and congested traffic flow states accurately in terms of shock-wave propagation, queuing of vehicles, and optimal total system travel time.


The Freestyle aortic xenograft has been shown to be safe and effective for aortic valve replacement. However, implantation is often complicated by aortic valve insufficiency, which could lead to premature valve failure. We describe an implantation technique that can potentially prevent aortic insufficiency.


As part of an ongoing larger interest in developing valid predictive models for guiding delinquency prevention, 84 adolescents were sampled for family systemic style, experience of social stress, and age of delinquency onset. The ability of these variables to explain and predict level, types, and persistence of delinquent behavior was studied. Regression analyses indicate relatively stable predictors (daily hassles and age of onset) across measures of delinquency. However, discriminant analyses indicated more varied predictors depending on the aspect of delinquent involvement of interest. These results support a multivariate approach to prediction and also suggest that finer gradations of risk for involvement are viable.


Laser surface alloying (LSA) of SUS 304 with silicon was investigated. When the impinged energy density was adjusted to be 100 Wmm -2 , the LSA layer retained the rapidly solidified microstructure with cracks dispersing within the layer. At energy densities greater than 147 Wmm -2 , it retained the granular structure with no carck. Its microhardness increased nearly in proportion to Si content.


The power of influence led the communication science treated as an individual science, which was originally as a part of social sciences; today determines the ideological frame of media as well. The purpose of mass media, which is supported by technological improvements, is transforming ideological tasks as well which are attributed to the media. The manipulation of media by political elites, which is used with all its functions to build the desired social reality, obliges individuals to live under circumstances of mass, which are created, by politics and media. That pressure disrupts the media-public relation, meanwhile leads up to the end of the moral values, which is essential for the existence of media. Regardless of circumstances, media field and name, staying in favor of society can be possible with the existence of media workers who behave in an ethical way. Otherwise, media can be shaped with every individual condition and eventually will lose its ideological responsibility. In this study, the reason why the media failed to defend its fundamental ideology against political influence is questioned. It is aimed to draw attention to how the reality that created by media and politics is perceived by the public and the individuals. In this context, the main ideology, influence of media, and the relation with the public are studied. The frame of political reality, which is generally used by political scientists, is usually associated with the way of the usage of the language. Therefore, in this study, instead of emphasizing the functions of the language, it is aimed to link political reality and media in a descriptive way.


The aim of this work is simulation of wave propagation in the Arctic with the presence of different ice structures, using high-performance computing. In the given paper grid-characteristic method is applied, which provides correctly describing the contact and boundary conditions.


The incidence of cervical cancer has increased in young women in whom it is important to reserve fertility. Two cases of patients with early cervical cancer stages IA2 e IB1 and no pelvic lymph nodes metastasis are presented, and experience with abdominal radical trachelectomy in order to preserve fertility is analized.


Summary. In this paper an infl uence of ultrasonic amplitude and temperature on acoustic power radiated by ultrasonic processor was studied. Three kinds of vegetable oils: rapeseed, soybean and olive were sonifi cated. The ultrasonic amplitude was ranged from 7 μm to 35 μm. The frequency of generator was 20 kHz. There was obtained non-linear relationship between ultrasonic amplitude and acoustic power for all investigated oils. It was also found that an increase of temperature results in a signifi cant decrease of the acoustic power emitted by processor into vegetable oils.


An efficient numerical 3-D model of transient stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is reported. The model is used to examine the effects of transient phenomena on the efficiency of phase conjugation by SBS and the mode structure of the Stokes and pump pulse inside the SBS cell. The effect of parameters such as phonon lifetime, input pulse shape and input energy on the transient fidelity of SBS is investigated. A new transient phenomenon which causes SBS fidelity degradation at high focal intensity (short Rayleigh range) is examined.


Background . Diabetes mellitus has been the most common endocrine disease in the world for decades. The growth rate of this disease has become a global pandemic. With diabetes, the risk of developing macrovascular complications increases dramatically, this often leads to serious complications such as diabetic foot. The aim of the study was to determine the levels of «old age proteins» and markers of endothelial dysfunction characteristic to the diabetic foot syndrome. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the Laboratory of experimental and clinical biochemistry and immunology of the research Institute of Molecular medicine of the Chita State Medical Academy and  included determining of endothelial dysfunction markers (homocysteine, endothelin, NO x , NO 2 , NO 3 ), MMP-9, GDF-15/MIC-1, CCL11 by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.  Result . Diabetic foot syndrome is characterized by the level of GDF-15/MIC-1 equal to 1440 PG/ml or more, and by NO x that equal to 20 mmol/l or more. When these thresholds are reached, the probability of developing diabetic foot syndrome in diabetic patients increases in 10 and 4 times, respectively, which is confirmed by the results of statistical analysis in the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 program. Conclusions . Increased levels of GDF-15/MIC-1 protein and nitric oxide metabolites in patients with type II diabetes can be considered as predictors of diabetic foot syndrome. The inclusion of these indicators in the structure of the regression model allows us to diagnose the preclinical stage of diabetic foot syndrome, which in the future will allow us to optimize the management and treatment of these patients.


As the museumgoer enters the first room of the exhibition "Man Ray and Fashion", he/she is plunged into a Dadaist interpretation of what fashion can mean thanks to a picture of a flat iron adorned with brass tacks entitled The Gift/ Cadeau (1921) and a massive installation made of sixty-three wooden coat hangers, Obstruction (1920). The surrealist dimension of Man Ray's work is apparent through these two art pieces conveying an image of the world of fashion as unfrivolous or unglamorous but a...


In the course of the first of several attempts to elaborate methods for the synthesis of 1-nitropiperidinoses, lincosamine was transformed into lactam 6via hemiacetal 1, lactone 2, amide 3, oxo amide 4, and its cyclic tautomer 5. Treatment of the N-Boc-protected lactam oxime 9, obtained from lactam 6, with brominating agents failed to provide the bromonitroso carbamate 10. The N-Boc-protected lactam 13 derived from 6 was reduced to hemiacetal 14, but the corresponding N-Boc-aminooxime did not tautomerise to the C(1)-hydroxylamine, and nitrone 17, a potential precursor of the nitropiperidine 12, was not formed. Oxidation of the anomeric azide 20 with HOF⋅MeCN failed to provide the expected nitropiperidine 21. The phosphinimines 22 derived from 20 did not react with O3. In the next approach to 1-nitropiperidinoses, we treated the N-Boc-protected hemiacetal 25, obtained from the known gluconolactam 23 with N-benzylhydroxylamine. The resulting nitrone 26 exits in equilibrium with the anomeric N-benzyl-glycosylhydroxylamine that was oxidized to the anomeric nitrone 28. Ozonolysis of 28 led to the hemiacetal 25, resulting from the desired, highly reactive protected nitropiperidinose 29, that was evidenced by an IR band at 1561 cm−1. Similarly to the synthesis of nitrone 26, reaction of the N-tosyl-protected hemiacetal 31 with N-benzylhydroxylamine and oxidation provided the anomeric N-benzylhydroxylamines 33via the p-toluenesulfonamido nitrone 32. Their oxidation with MnO2 led to the anomeric nitrone 34. Ozonolysis of 34 as evidenced by 1H-NMR and ReactIR spectroscopy led to the highly reactive nitropiperidinose 35. Like 29, 35 was transformed during workup, and only the hemiacetal 31 was isolated. The similarly prepared lincosamine-derived nitrone 17 was subjected to ReactIR-monitored ozonolysis that evidenced the formation of the protected nitropiperidinose 12, but only led to the isolation of 14. The facile transformation of the nitropiperidinoses to hemiacetals is rationalised by heterolysis of the anomeric C,N bond, recombination of the ion pair, and denitrosation of the resulting anomeric nitrite by a nucleophile. Attempts to convert the 1-deoxy-1-nitropiperidinose 35 to uloses 43 by base-catalysed Michael additions or Henry reactions were unsuccessful.


Mental stress is a vague though familiar concept that accounts for an agency of the good, the bad and the ugly, that operates in the brains of animated beings, in response to environmental stressors; a life saver of various degrees, at its best, and indicative of much mental anguish and the likely cause of costly physiological and mental adversities, at its worst. In this work, we provide evidence for correlation of stressors with afflictions of MS throughout the world, and put forward arguments in support of the fact that stressors can render disruptions in the normal computational processes of the brain, defining the innards of the mental stress, which in turn may lead to the onset of physiologic adversities in the biologic systems, possibly rendering various diseases, even one as MS. It can be also deduced that feeling of unease, normally referred to as stress in common usage, is an indicator of a brain process disruption event. This work takes note of the fact that debilitating symptoms and abnormal behaviors have been considered a neurological disorder since around 15th century [1]; and gradual efforts aimed at understanding the phenomena culminated in 1868 work of Charcot [2]: He wrote a complete description of the disease now known as MS- and the changes in the brain that accompany it, based on what had neurologically become known, at the time and his own clinical studies and observations. Much work has been done since then to find the cause of the disease; some of its intermediary process has been recognized and MS is established today as an autoimmune disease, which may also include some characteristics of viral infection as well. While the real cause of the disease is still not known, major focus is put on the treatment of MS symptoms, aiming to slow down its progress and to reduce the frequency of attacks. In this effort we establish the link between MS and mental stress, through analyses of various aspects of statistics of prevalence and incidence, available in the literature [3-5], which lends itself to opening up of additional treatment possibilities that could be used separate of, or conjunctively with, the medical approaches. On a grander scale, publicizing the adverse workings of the mental stress and its evils can attain statistical gains, in the incidence reduction.


This paper presents a high-level test synthesis algorithm for operation scheduling and data path allocation. Data path allocation is achieved by a controllability and observability balance allocation technique which is based on testability analysis at register-transfer level. Scheduling, on the other hand, is carried out by rescheduling transformations which change the default scheduling to improve testability. Contrary to other works in which the scheduling and allocation tasks are performed independently, our approach integrates scheduling and allocation by performing them simultaneously so that the effects of scheduling and allocation on testability are exploited more effectively. Additionally, since sequential loops are widely recognized to make a design hard-to-test, a complete (functional and topological) loop analysis is performed at register-transfer level in order to avoid loop creation during the integrated test synthesis process. With a variety of synthesis benchmarks, experimental results show clearly the advantages of the proposed algorithm.


This study aimed to demonstrate how different fish weights and clove powder concentration levels together influence anesthesia and recovery time in Cyprinus carpio. Two different body weights classes of common carp (45±5g and 95±5g) were subjected to three concentrations of clove powder (200, 300 and 400mg/L) each replicated four times. At each treatment combination, the anesthetic induction and recovery times were recorded, fish held for a period of one week to two months following the experiments to assess short-term and long-term mortality. Significant differences (P<0.05) appeared in the effect of combination between the different levels of clove powder (mg/L) with the two different weight common carp (C. carpio L.) on anesthesia time, but there was no difference in recovery time between the two size groups. The induction time was less than one minute for doses of 300 and 400 mg/L in lower fish weight 45±5g while in 200mg/L dose with 95±5g of fish weight it needed more than 9 minutes. At all tested concentrations, induction time was significantly weight-dependent (p< 0.05), but the recovery time was not. Significant alterations were recorded in the hematological variables of the fish (RBC, HB, MCH and WBC), no mortality was observed. This study has demonstrated that clove powder can be safely and effectively use in the anesthesia of common carp and anesthesia time affect by doses of clove powder with fish weight.


Hydraulic turbine governing system(HTGS)is an important control system of hydroelectric generating unit(HGU),and the control parameter optimization of HTGS is closely related to the stability,efficiency and safety of HGU.In this paper,nonlinear PID control optimization of HTGS is studied.A nonlinear model of HTGS is proposed,in which hydraulic turbine is described by model characteristic curves,and penstock is described by elastic water hammer.And then,a nonlinear PID parameter optimization method based on gravitational search algorithm(GSA)is proposed for nonlinear HTGS.A simulation model based on the data of a real HGU is built and comparative experiments of control parameter optimization are executed on it.Experimental results show that the proposed GSA-NPID is effective in promoting control quality of HGU.


Non-content related forums in online learning environments are often used for logistical purposes and they involve student-student and student-instructor interactions. In this paper, we address non-content related forums as influencers of social presence in the online learning evironment. This study examined a variety of logistical-type of forums to develop a better understanding of the concept of social presence. Based on data taken from eight online courses, findings show that non-content related forums influence social presence based on the affective content of postings, individual leadership of students, common bond among group members, empathy, and message timing. Suggestions on how to design less formal discussion areas for non-content related purposes are recommended.


The present study was aimed to investigate that bisphenol A, an environmental estrogen, exposed at 648 I¼g/ L concentration for 96 h could induce reactive oxygen species in brain of cichlid fish, Etroplus maculatus. Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase showed a reductionin the activities at 5% level of significance with concomitant increase in the level of hydrogen peroxide generation (from 1.546 ± 0.426 (control), 1.506 ± 0.217 (DMSO) to 1.888 ± 0.368 (24 h), 5.332 ± 0.589 (72 h), 2.392 ± 0.341 (96 h)) and lipid peroxidation (from 2.805 ± 0.33 (control), 2.401 ± 0.309 (DMSO) to 3.596 ±0.373 (24 h), 5.65 ± 0.306 (72 h), 3.834 ± 0.236 (96 h)). The brain marker enzyme, acetylcholinesterase decreased at 24, 72 and 96 h in time-dependent manner than that of control groups. The present findings summarize that the increased production of oxygen free radicals due to the exposure of an environmental estrogen, bisphenol A at sub lethal concentration (648 I¼g/ L) for 96 h inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes thereby induced oxidative stress in brain of fish. The decreased activity of brain marker enzyme, acetylcholinesterase reflect the neurotoxicity of bisphenol A in brain of fish, Etroplus maculatus and this could be one of the possible mechanisms of bisphenol A-induced neurodevelopmental disorders in fish.


Objective
To investigate the incidence of monozygotic twins (MZT) and the clinical outcomes of dichorionic triplet pregnancy which reduced one monochorionic twin after multifetal pregnancy reduction with assisted reproductive techniques (ART).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in 196 patients who underwent vaginal multifetal pregnancy reduction after ART. The proportion of MZT in different groups was analyzed, and the clinical outcomes of dichorionic triplet pregnancy which reduced one monochorionic twin (group A) with trichorionic triplet pregnancy which reduced to twins (group B) were compared.

Results
1) The proportion of MZT in 196 patients was 44.39% (87/196). There was a significant difference in the proportion of MZT among the in vitro fertilization (IVF) group, the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) group, the frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) group and the artificial insemination (AIH / AID) group (P=0.001). There was also a significant difference between the assisted hatching (AH) group and the non-AH group (P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the proportion of MZT between the elderly (≥35 years) patients and non-elderly patients (P=0.330) and between the cleavage stage embryo transferred group and the blastocyst stage embryo transferred group (P=0.950). 2) The patients' average age,the mean gestational age, the mean gestational age of newborns and the mean birth weight were similar. There was no significant difference in abortion rate, early abortion rate, late abortion rate, preterm birth rate, term birth rate, live birth rate, low birth weight rate and the incidence of neonatal birth defects and pregnancy complications (P>0.05).

Conclusion
The proportion of MZT was high in ART patients with multifetal pregnancy reduction. It should transform to a single embryo thansfer to reduce MZT incidence. There was no difference in clinical outcomes between group A and group B, multifetal pregnancy reduction of one monochorionic twin in dichorionic triplet pregnancy may be safe and feasible.

Key words:
Assisted reproductive techniques (ART); Multifetal pregnancy reduction; Monozygotic twins(MZT); Dichorionic triplet pregnancy; Clinical outcome


The invention relates to a method for the mixing of the extract stream (1, 2, 5) for generating the a, product stream 10 used a mixed structure (15, 16) having a plurality of extract feed point. Mixing chamber vertically within the suction area (3, 4) of the deficiency component (5) is over-component flow of extract is divided into two parts extract flow (1,2), generated in the mixing chamber 12 12 to be supplied.


A secondary Ni/Zn microbattery (200 µm thick) has been developed in a coplanar
electrode configuration. The cell is essentially of a circular shape (30 mm in diameter)
consisting of a fine circular ring (cathode) and a circle (anode) split apart (~800 µm). Unlike
the stacking cell architecture, coplanar configuration offers simple design, ease of fabrication
and eventually cost saving. The use of MCM-41 mesoporous silica as the membrane separator
cum electrolyte reservoir enables the successful implementation of coplanar configuration. The
fabrication of Ni/Zn microbattery first begins with electrodeposition of zinc (Zn) and nickel
hydroxide (Ni(OH)2)
thin films onto patterned FR4 printed circuit board, followed by
deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) slurry onto the zinc active layer, and finally ends by multiple
drop-coating procedures of MCM-41 from its precursor solution at ambient temperature. Once
a potassium hydroxide (6 M KOH)/MCM-41 electrolyte-separator mixture is incorporated, the
cell is sealed with an acrylic sheet and epoxy adhesive. The fabricated microbatteries were
capable to sustain around 130 deep charge-discharge cycles. When rated at 0.1 mA, the energy
density of the microbattery was around 3.82 Wh l-1 which is suitable for low rate applications
and storage for micro energy harvesters such as piezoelectric generators.


Objective.—The objective of this study was to test whether pain thresholds of patients with episodic migraine (EM) are significantly different from transformed migraine (TM) patients as measured by Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) and Semmes‐Weinstein Monofilaments (SW).


Aim at partly sub-carrier has deeply fading in MC-CDMA communication,proposed sub-carrier selection way,abandom the sub-carriers in deeply fading,select the sub-carrier have well performance to communication. Transmitted the same power,the way of sub-carrier selection have even better SNR and lower BER than using all sub-carrier.


We rely on data from India and the United States to show that political and economic centralization can influence the number of national parties in single-member simple-plurality electoral systems. Historically, in both countries the number of parties in local electoral districts has been near two, but the number of national parties has fluctuated. Periods of a small number of national parties in both countries correspond to periods of centralization. We argue that, as national governments centralize power and make policies that affect local areas, candidates have greater incentives to associate with national organizations, and voters have greater incentives to abandon locally competitive but nationally noncompetitive parties.


Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently been successfully applied to various Computer Vision (CV) applications. In this paper we utilize CNNs to predict depth information for given Light Field (LF) data. The proposed method learns an end-to-end mapping between the 4D light field and a representation of the corresponding 4D depth field in terms of 2D hyperplane orientations. The obtained prediction is then further refined in a post processing step by applying a higher-order regularization. Existing LF datasets are not sufficient for the purpose of the training scheme tackled in this paper. This is mainly due to the fact that the ground truth depth of existing datasets is inaccurate and/or the datasets are limited to a small number of LFs. This made it necessary to generate a new synthetic LF dataset, which is based on the raytracing software POV-Ray. This new dataset provides floating point accurate ground truth depth fields, and due to a random scene generator the dataset can be scaled as required.


Vernonia cinerea is one of the medicinal plants with several potentials for treating different ailments. In the present study, Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed in extracting phenolics compounds from this plant. However, different factors that affect this extraction method in the recovery of phenolics compounds abound, these factors need to be screened to determine actual contributing factor in order to minimize cost. Irradiation time (1-5 min), ethanol concentration (20-60% v/v), microwave power (40-80 W), extraction temperature (40-80 oC), and feed/solvent (1:10 - 1:18 g/mL) have been screened using two-factorial design for the recoveries of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves. The results obtained in this study indicated that only microwave power, ethanol concentration, irradiation time and feed/solvent contributed to recoveries of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from V. cinerea leaves. Thus, these factors at these ranges can be further optimized to obtain optimal yields of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves.


How can you get undergraduate students more interested and engaged with business cases? Instead of using the traditional case teaching format, turn the case into a consulting exercise. Give students only the managerial dilemma and some starting information, form them into consulting teams, and then have each team requests additional case information by submitting a restricted number of questions. Through successive rounds, teams will gather enough information and data to analyze the situation and develop a set of recommendations. This approach transforms case-based learning from a passive analysis of case details to an active process of discovery through smart questioning.


the abstract concepts or principles are got in touch with the knowledge known very well by the students, and it helps the students to understand physical chemistry course.


Multimedia document authentication allows judging the authenticity and integrity of digital documents. Today a variety of such tools exist, which are constructed using different approaches, namely forensic methods, perceptual hashes and digital watermarks. Digital document forensics identifies the source of a document as well as its integrity by means of passive estimation. Perceptual hashing allows computing of short digests of documents; the hashes are insensitive against some signal processing operations and may serve as proof of integrity. Finally, authentication watermarking even allows gaining precise and reliable knowledge on the nature of modifications that a digital document underwent. In this chapter, we give an overview of the three complementary technologies, survey state-of-the-art methods and provide an analysis of their strength and weaknesses.


International and national policies relating to landscape values rely on an adequate assessment method. The SWOT method (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) proposed here combines geographical data, valuation procedures, insight into trendsin land use, and identification of threats and opportunities. Recommendations are made for policy making. The method has been tested on polder landscapes and proved to be satisfactory. Improvements are suggested for follow-up research and applications.


Factors were examined which determine the amount of time delay acceptable in the visual feedback loop in flight simulators. Acceptable time delays are defined as delays which significantly affect neither the results nor the manner in which the subject 'flies' the simulator. The subject tracked a target aircraft as it oscillated sinusoidally in a vertical plane only. The pursuing aircraft was permitted five degrees of freedom. Time delays of from 0.047 to 0.297 second were inserted in the visual feedback loop. A side task was employed to maintain the workload constant and to insure that the pilot was fully occupied during the experiment. Tracking results were obtained for 17 aircraft configurations having different longitudinal short-period characteristics. Results show a positive correlation between improved handling qualities and a longer acceptable time delay.


Abstract This exploratory study examined how the reading of two revisionist history text accounts concerning President Andrew Jackson influenced the historical interpretations and understandings of two prospective elementary teachers, who at the time also were teaching history during their final internship semester. We begin by providing some of the historical background that the texts traverse, describe the texts and the specific readings themselves, and situate both with regard to the two prospective teachers who were the study's readers. We then describe the reading task and the analytic procedures used to make sense of the teachers' verbal-reports about their reading. The data for each reader is presented as a vocalization trail. This trail starts at the beginning of each reader's encounters with the texts. It then follows that reading to the end. The analysis and discussion focuses on the key verbalizations related to how the readers emerged from the experience with reconstructed understandings from the texts. The results suggest that rhetorically powerful revisionist history texts may have the capacity to re-narrativize the thinking of prospective teachers who are intellectually curious about and receptive to new ideas about the past. Implications for learning to teach history in diverse, urban public schools and for how that learning is provided in teacher education programs are discussed, and questions for further research also are considered.


It is necessary to rethink and discuss the nature of public good of higher education, this discussion must be placed from a theoretical perspective to understand how the higher education, particularly public universities, has become an area of depoliticization of an education project linked to goals of economic, scientific and cultural, to redirect to a university project in which they are commodified dismantled the working conditions and wages of university workers, and implemented selection processes for entry and retention that tend to legitimize social inequalities. This discussion is necessary to rethink the project from the subject


A figure-eight fiber laser is used to generate continuum in the L-band wavelength range (1565 nm-1610 nm). The continuum is flat with peak to peak variation better than 3.5 dB within 31 nm spectral width.


A study was conducted using the 108 affiliated institutions of the Council on Restaurant, Hotel, and Institutional Education in the United States to determine computer usage in hotel and foodservice management (HFM) education. The major results of the study indicated: The respondents required computer usage in 34% of the undergraduate core courses and in 48% of the graduate core courses. Only two software applications were used by more than 50% of the respondents with WordPerfect and Lotus 1-2-3 being the most often mentioned packages. The attitudes of the respondents showed that most of the respondents did not agree that the use of computers in the curriculum and the use of available computer software was adequate.


MONETARY FISCAL JOINT POLICY ANALYSIS: A REGIME SWITCHING DSGE MODEL AKBAL, Ömer Faruk M.A., Department of Economics Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Sang Seok Lee June 2016 Recent literature on the macroeconomic theory examines the importance of the regime switching in macroeconomic dynamics. Using a regime switching structure, this paper studies a baseline New Keynesian model with fiscal block where regimes are defined as active monetary passive fiscal (AMPF) and passive monetary active fiscal (PMAF) regimes. In this paper, I demonstrate that the dynamics of aggregate variables differ markedly when non-linear regime switching solutions are considered. To be specific, output and inflation level are more sensitive to the monetary policy shock under PMAF regime and more sensitive to the technological shocks under AMPF regime.


A novel stability criterion for underactuated biped robot is presented. The underactuated biped robot contacts ground with points and has not feet while walking and running. A stability definition of biped robot is given. The Loss Balance Degree(LBD) is proposed as a novel stability criterion for underactuated biped robot according to the stability definition given before. The LBD with the Linear Inverted Pendulum Mode (LIPM) of biped robot is computed specifically. The LBD is entitled to stability criterion by analysing the basic properties that any stability criterion should has. The stability conditions for underactuated biped gait are concluded using the LBD.


Cluster is the strategy for regional development to support local economic potency. The opinion of fisheries cluster will be developed closed to that strategy, with the aim to establish of fisheries industrial complex. In the fisheries cluster complex, the industrial units encourage to foster the harmonize link among others to increase the economic growth. Research concerning seaweed cluster was conducted in Sumenep (Madura) in May 2007. The location was choice as the target area for the establishment the fisheries cluster complex. The purposes of this research were: i). to identify and study the fisheries industrial cluster complex characteristics related to the development of fisheries industry. ii). To study the characteristic and pattern linkages among industrial units in fisheries center related to institutional development. iii). to generate suggested recommendation for seaweed cluster industrial complex in Sumenep district. Data were collected through survey in the respected area; the respondents covered the local government officers, seaweed farmers, seaweed processors, local traders, exporters, local transportation services and local leaders. The research findings are: there are many seaweed industry units in Sumenep which can be use as the main component to organize for the establishment the seaweed industrial cluster complex, there exist the horizontal conflict among traders and seaweed processors to have the seaweed from the farmers. On the other hand the vertical relationship among industrial unit tends to make asymmetric information on price and product criteria between traders and seaweed farmers. This research recommended the seaweed cluster industrial complex in Sumenep develop based on: consumer oriented, collective and cumulative approach. And the development of Sumenep's seaweed cluster need three step, namely: preparation step, consolidation step and independency / transfer step. There are two types of industries which can be as a core of the seaweed clusters in Sumenep, there are the seaweed chip industry or the seaweed chip and powder industry.


Smile beauty is considered the main goal in many cosmetic or orthodontic dental treatments. Howevermany objective and sujectives methods were developed to evaluate smile attractivesness depending on manyvariables. The purpose of this study was to develop a new method based on digital smile design teethoutlines ratios for smile esthetic evaluation and to correlate this method with Q-sort assessment methodand smile mesh variables. Frontal posed smile photograph of 48 individuals were subjected to smile meshmeasurments, digital smile design (DSD) and Q-sort assessment method. The areas of DSD teeth outlineswere measured using image J software in addition to the teeth areas lie in the outlines to calculate the ratioof each individual tooth area to its outline area and the total teeth areas to totsl outlinrs area.The results showed a significant correlation between the new method and Q-sort asseseement method,additionally there was a significant difference in individual and total teeth outlines ratios between thepleasant and unpleasant smile groups.Conclusions It was found that Digital smile design teeth outline ratios method could be considered as avaluable tool for evaluation of smile esthetics.