A next-generation EUV Fresnel zoneplate mask-imaging microscope Kenneth A. Goldberg, Iacopo Mochi, Nathan S. Smith, Senajith B. Rekawa MS 2R0400, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 We present the potential capabilities of a low-cost next generation EUV mask-imaging microscope, based on the proven optical principle of the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT), but surpassing it in every performance metric. The new tool design would enable research on multiple generations of EUV lithography technology, down to 8-nm or beyond, reaching to the year 2025's design rules. Owing to the wavelength-specific reflective properties of EUV reticles, imaging with EUV light is the only faithful way to understand the physical response of defects, repairs, and pattern optical proximity corrections. The wavelength-specific properties limit the effectiveness of all non-EUV inspection technologies, and the differences between EUV and non-EUV measurement technologies are likely to increase in future nodes. Therefore, the prolonged unavailability of an EUV microscopy tool could hamstring the commercialization of EUV lithography, and impede research into future nodes. As a high-magnification all-EUV Fresnel zoneplate microscope, the AIT has been in the vanguard of high-resolution EUV mask imaging for several years. The AIT's measurement of mask architectures, blank and pattern defect imaging, defect smoothing and printability, and recently, direct, quantitative aerial image phase measurement, has expanded our collective understanding of EUV masks and shaped the course of current mask development. A new tool could greatly surpass the capabilities of the AIT by overcoming many of its current limitations. Our studies show that in a new system design, the photon efficiency can be improved by 200x by streamlining the illuminator (removing two mirrors) and reengineering the nanofabricated zoneplate structure. Combined with an xyz mask stage and vibration isolation for nm-scale stability, the system throughput could be increased relative to the AIT, from two to ten through-focus measurement series per hour, with 2x higher signal-to-noise ratio and improved illumination uniformity. A lossless, custom-coherence illuminator, implemented with scanning mirrors, can mimic arbitrary, future steppers and prototypes. The illuminator design can accommodate an adjustable angle of illumination from 6 to 9° enabling 4x-NA values up to 0.625. An array of zoneplate lenses, similar to the current AIT, gives the flexibility to implement various discrete NA values, with a low-magnification mode for rapid pattern navigation. We will present detailed analysis of the NA and focal length dependence of the imaging field of view, showing that Strehl ratios above 0.95 and CD uniformity measurements with 3 sigma values in the 2-6 nm range are possible across a circular, aberration-corrected sweet-spot several microns diameter. Relative to high-magnification reflective lenses, zoneplates are simple to use and align, and they can be produced inexpensively, with diffraction-limited quality and demonstrated flare below 3%. Despite narrow illumination bandwidth requirements, a zoneplate-based system could be used with emerging coherent EUV sources, with some design trade-offs. We believe that an EUV aerial image microscope system such as this could be brought online in 2012, well in advance of commercial tool availability, and would be ready for advanced research on future EUV lithography generations. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This work was funded by SEMATECH through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE- AC02-05CH11231. Key Words: Extreme ultraviolet lithography, mask imaging, reticle, line width roughness, actinic inspection Table 1. Theoretical imaging resolutions of the AIT (yellow) and the proposed new system, called AIT5 (blue) for different NA and values. Dense lines reach 50% contrast at the given half-pitch values. The Prolith model used a circular, unobstructed pupil and a 3% flare level.


A synthesis of d,l-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) methyl ester is described. Two new acetylenic prostaglandins, methyl 11α,15-dihydroxy-9-oxo-prost-5-yn-13-enoate and its C15 epimer, were obtained as intermediates in this synthesis. A solvolytic rearrangement of a bicyclo[2.1.0]hexane to a cyclopentane vinyl system is discussed.


Mesa Central is an elevated plateau that can be divided into two regions. In the southern region, the topography is higher than 2000 masl, except for the Aguascalientes valley. This region is mostly covered by Cenozoic volcanic rocks. The northern region shows an advanced degree of erosion, and is below 2000 masl. The crust in Mesa Central is ~32 km thick, and it is bordered by the Sierra Madre Oriental, which has an average crustal thickness of ~37 km, and the Sierra Madre Occidental, which has an average crustal thickness of ~40 km. The presence of magmas below the crust is inferred, suggesting an underplating process. The oldest rocks are Triassic marine facies underlain by Jurassic continental rocks. Marine environment prevailed between the Oxfordian and the Cretaceous, forming three distinctive lithological sequences, from E to W: the Valles–San Luis Potosi Platform, the Mesozoic Basin of Central Mexico, and marine volcanosedimentary Mesozoic rocks. All of the above rocks have plicative deformation and inverse faulting, which was produced during the Laramide orogeny. An angular unconformity separates these lithological sequences from the continental Cenozoic rocks. The bottom of the Cenozoic sequence consists of conglomerate with andesitic and rhyolitic volcanic rocks. These were followed by Oligocene topaz-bearing rhyolites, and the uppermost part of the Cenozoic sequence is Miocene-Quaternary alkaline basalt. The boundaries of Mesa Central are the Sector Transversal de Parras and major fault systems active during the Cenozoic to the E, W, and S. A major structure, the San Luis–Tepehuanes fault system, separates the northern and southern regions of Mesa Central. The majority of the mineral deposits found in Mesa Central or in its vicinities, especially epithermal deposits, is located on the traces of the major fault systems described above. The data available suggests that the structures associated with the major fault systems controlled the emplacement of both volcanic-hypabyssal rocks and mineral deposits.


Roy Patterson and Brian Moore, perhaps more than any other psychoacousticians, have succeeded in applying their research for the common good. Those who have benefited from this translation of basic research include users of hearing aids and of auditory warnings. I will describe the results of recent experiments aimed at improving hearing by another group, namely users of cochlear and auditory brainstem implants. These include attempts to exploit the polarity sensitivity of the electrically stimulated auditory system in order to extend the ranges of pitch that can be conveyed by each type of implant.


An exact algorithm is developed for computing a linear system's fundamental and output covariance matrix. It requires only that the system's plant matrix be spectrally decomposable into distinct eigenvalues.


Different biometrics are used to secure the system from different kind of attacks by unauthorized entities. But among different biometrics, face biometric is very much sensitive to spoofing attacks. One of them is Face spoofing attack. It is basically an attack where a person tries to pretend to be a valid user by falsifying data and get illegitimate access. Here photo or video of an authorized person is used to gain access in to the system. The algorithms which we have proposed are very much efficient for face spoof detection, which is based on Image Distortion Analysis(IDA) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA). In IDA we will analyze features such as Specular Reflection, Blurriness, Chromatic Moment and Color Diversity. Now these four features are concatenate together. In PCA, PCA feature vector is found by calculating the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the data covariance matrix. This extracted feature vector for both IDA and PCA is fed into multiple SVM classifiers. Each algorithm is trained on a different group of spoof training samples and results to check whether it is a spoof face or genuine face. Then we will compare and analyse the performance for both IDA and PCA.


Objective:� Toreviewthediagnosisofmanagement�� ofceliacdiseaseinayoungboy. •� Methods: Reviewoftheliterature. •� Results: Celiacdiseaseisnotalwayseasilydiag- nosed.�Acompletehistoryincludingbothpsychosocial� anddiethistoryhelpselucidatethediagnosis.�Diagno- sisisconfirmedbyobtainingpositiveresultsonserum� antibodytestingtobothIgAtissuetransglutaminase� The mother reports that Dylan has been more restless for the past 3 months, since beginning kindergarten. His kindergarten teachers have noted that he frequently squirms in his seat, as if he had "ants in his pants." De- spite his display of these behaviors, Dylan has been able to accomplish his tasks and interact well with his class- mates. In addition, his sleep pattern has changed some- what, with trouble falling asleep but no reported night- mares. He has been playing video games most evenings prior to getting ready for bed. His parents have to rouse Dylan every weekday for school, with some tardiness. The child's nanny, who takes care of Dylan after school, reports that he comes home from school "cranky." Past medical history reveals a normal childhood with a normal growth curve and an up-to-date im- munization record. He has had no major childhood illnesses and was born via cesarean section after a full- term gestation without complications. He has a 3-year- old sister without any medical problems. Both children were breastfed their entire first year of life. He has no known allergies. Family history is significant for hypo- thyroidism in a maternal grandmother and lung cancer in a paternal grandfather. There is no family history of psychiatric disorder. Further questioning about the social history reveals that Dylan's mother recently re-entered the work force and the family hired a nanny to care for the children dur- ing the day and prepare the family dinner. Physical Examination


In this paper we consider vibrations of the baffled elastic fuel tank partially filled with a liquid. The compound shell was a simplified model of a fuel tank. The shell is considered to be thin and the Kirchhoff–Love linear theory hypotheses are applied. The liquid is supposed to be an ideal and incompressible one and its flow introduced by the vibrations of a shell is irrotational. The problem of the fluid-structure interaction was solved using the reduced boundary and finite element methods. The tank structure was modeled by the FEM and the liquid sloshing in a fluid domain was described by using the multi-domain BEM. The rigid and elastic baffled tanks of different forms were considered. The dependencies of frequencies via the filling level were obtained numerically for vibrations of the fluid-filled tanks with and without baffles.


AIM: To evaluate the effect of ammoniacal silver nitrate staining on the bond strengths of dentin bonding specimens. METHODS: 30 extracted human molars with coronal carious lesions invading mid-dentin were ground down until the carious dentin no longer stained with caries detector. The flat surfaces were bonded with either Contax(CT)、Adper Prompt(AP) or PrimeBond NT(NT). A crown was built up using composite. After storage in water (37℃, 24 h), teeth were sectioned vertically into matchstick-shaped specimens through the bond interfaces to yield 1 mm2 test area. Specimens were immersed in water (water group) or ammoniacal silver nitrate (silver group) for 8 h, and then were tested in tension. RESULTS: Bond strengths (MPa) (ND/CAD) of silver group: CT: 28.87±7.76/27.20±6.71, AP:22.93±5.59/20.25±3.51, NT:20.08±3.70/17.99±2.87, water group (MPa)(ND/CAD): CT: 27.63±7.31/26.36±8.62, AP:21.62±5.10/21.38±3.96, NT:20.79±3.11/19.02±3.72, No significant differences (P0.05) in bond strengths were found between water and ammoniacal silver nitrate storage groups in three adhesives. CONCLUSION : Ammoniacal silver nitrate staining has no effect on the bond strength of dentin bonding specimens.


An algebra of forms in Minkowski space has been constructed. A multiplication between forms is defined as an extension of the quaternionic multiplications. The algebra obtained is associative with respect to this multiplication of order 16. Duality is expressed as (new) multiplication by a basis element. Vector identities in the algebra lead to a number of new trace identities. A new derivative operator expresses the four Maxwell equations in an especially transparent form.


This paper employs the machinery of convergence and Cauchy struc- tures in the task of obtaining completion results for lattice ordered groups. §§ 1 and 2 concern /-convergence and /-Cauchy structures in general. §4 takes up the order convergence structure; the resulting completion is shown to be the Dedekind- MacNeille completion. §5 concerns the polar convergence structure; the corre- sponding completion has the property of lateral completeness, among others. A simple theory of subset types routinizes the adjoining of suprema in §3. This procedure, nevertheless, is shown to be sufficiently general to prove the existence and uniqueness of both the Dedekind-MacNeille completion in §4 and the lateral completion in §5. A proof of the existence and uniqueness of a proper class of similar completions comes free. The principal new hull obtained by the techniques of adjoining suprema is the type •?) hull, strictly larger than the lateral completion in general. As is nearly always true in the field of lattice ordered groups, this research follows a path first trod by Conrad (10) and Holland (14). The contributions of Papangelou ((19), (20)) and Kenny (15) have also been important. But the novelty of the present approach lies in the systematic application of convergence and Cauchy structure techniques, significantly more powerful than topological and uniformity techniques. These new techniques have been developed recently by Kent and others ((16), (22)). The author owes a more personal debt of gratitude to professors Gary Davis, G. Otis Kenny, and Darrell Kent for many stimulating conversations on these topics. A collection x) all x G X}. LG(X) and UG(X) are often written more simply L(X) and U(X). The order closure of X, written ocl(X), is defined inductively. X0 = X,


We present new quantitative techniques to assess performance of mobile ad hoc network MANET nodes with respect to uniform distribution, total terrain covered by communication areas of all nodes, and distance traveled by each node before a desired network topology is reached. Our uniformity metrics exploit information of Voronoi tessellation of a deployment territory generated by nodes. Since node movement is a power consuming task, average distance that each node travels (ADT) before the network reaches its final distribution is an important indicator for the performance of MANET nodes. Another performance metric is the network area coverage (NAC) achieved by all nodes showing how efficiently the MANET nodes perform. For evaluation of these metrics we use our node-spreading bio-inspired game (BioGame) that combines force-based genetic algorithm (FGA) and game theory to guide autonomous mobile agents in selecting new improved locations. We formally define BioGame, FGA, Voronoi based node uniformity measures, ADT, and NAC. Our simulation experiments demonstrate that these performance evaluation techniques are good indicators for assessing node distribution methods.


The ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman (RMR) lidar is an active remote sensing instrument for the investigation of the Arctic middle atmosphere during day and night. It is located in Northern Norway and operated on a routine basis to measure relative density profiles and aerosol properties in the stratosphere and mesosphere since 1995. Temperature profiles derived from the density measurements assuming hydrostatic equilibrium are used to investigate the mean temperature structure as well as gravity waves in the polar middle atmosphere. During the last two years, temperature data were acquired for approximately 2100 hours. A subset of this data basis was used to determine the potential energy density to characterize the gravity wave activity above the station. Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are the highest clouds of the Earth's atmosphere and a visible sign of extreme atmospheric conditions with temperatures far below radiative equilibrium. During the last 7 years a continuous data set with 1880 measurement hours was acquired during the summer seasons, of which 640 hours contain NLC signatures. This actually most extensive lidar acquired NLC archive was analyzed regarding brightness, altitude, vertical extent, as well as occurrence frequency of noctilucent clouds above ALOMAR.


This paper argues that the research Turkish economi sts do helps Turkey far less than it should, and too often it is done merel y to get published and not to most effectively solve the problems that Turkey fac es. It suggests two ways of dealing with such problems: one is for Turkish univ ersities to develop a new journal-ranking method focusing on a particular res earch niche, and to use that ranking to evaluate research; the second is a voucher system that would give Turkish demanders of Turkish economic research more direct control over what research is done. Each proposal would cha nge the incentive structure confronting Turkish economists, making what they want to do much more consistent with what Turkish society wants the m to do.


Experiences of racial and ethnic discrimina- tion pose significant threats to the development and well- being of racial and ethnic minority children. Fortunately, not all youth who experience discrimination are suscepti- ble to its harmful effects. Growing evidence points to sev- eral racial and ethnic factors that promote positive youth development and protect against the potentially damaging effects of racial and ethnic adversity. This article summa- rizes emerging research trends and conclusions regarding the "promotive" and "protective" effects of racial and ethnic identity, ethnic-racial socialization, and cultural orientation, as well as some of the mechanisms that may account for their salutary properties. The article con- cludes with a brief discussion of important considerations and directions for the future study of racial and ethnic resilience processes in ethnic minority youth.


Background

A range of instruments can be used to achieve public health objectives, from statutory regulations to entirely voluntary initiatives. The Public Health Responsibility Deal (PHRD) in England is a voluntary public-private partnership that aims to contribute to public health objectives. Focusing on the alcohol labelling and salt reduction pledges of the PHRD, we examine a range of policy instruments that other countries have used to pursue similar public health aims.

Methods

We selected five countries as case studies: Australia, …


AbstractRegular bridge inspections are key to maintaining healthy infrastructure and to preventing unanticipated structural failures. In recent years, mobile inspection robots have been proposed as...


From the nursing profession, we could, we should say a lot, because our professional future is linked to our own health model and to that reality that we describe. We need a light, a horizon, to know where we are going. The world is changing, and in the new panorama that is emerging, care is going to be the axis of health care, the demand for health, just like the management nurse to coordinate all the professionals involved in the care process. But nobody should think that they are going to come looking for us so that we can assume our role. Nurses have to take a step forward from the first moment, they have to take the reins of their future, or others will do it again for them.


The airborne nature of COVID-19 transmission has rendered indoor gatherings particularly risky due to the concentrated airflow in areas both with and without heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. This paper proposes a compact, smart air purification module meant to create isolated pockets of air for separate groups around tables. Multiple techniques for killing the SARS-CoV-2 virus were considered for the module, and it was decided that a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter would be used to capture the aerosolized virus and a ultraviolet C light-emitting diode (UVC LED) would be used to routinely clean said filter. This module's structure was outlined using Computer Aided Design (CAD), its Internet of Things (IoT) networking capabilities were designed using microcontrollers and a mobile application, and its potential impact was modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The module was found to prevent contaminated air from spreading between tables in spaces both with and without HVAC systems.


IN RESPONSE: Dr. Caumes and colleagues report a retrospective study involving five presumably compliant patients who received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160 mg/800 mg) and still developed toxoplasmic encephalitis. They also refer to two recent studies that found one tablet given three times a week to be ineffective (although the abstract contains no data to support this conclusion) [1] and one tablet given twice daily to be effective but too toxic [2]. We agree that one tablet twice daily is far too toxic for many patients. Nevertheless, no study has shown a weekly dose of seven tablets to be more effective than four tablets given over the same period, although the former dose could quite possibly incur greater toxicity. Indeed, we have seen only one definite case of toxoplasmic encephalitis since mid-1987 in any patient receiving our regimen of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (in addition to the one possible case reported) [3], from a total of 85 cases. It is even possible that one tablet twice daily given 2 days per week is actually more effective than one tablet daily by achieving higher peak serum levels with reduced incidence of resistance. Before endorsing any one dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as a best compromise or assuming that more is better, comparative studies of different doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are needed.


A series of full scale pavement tests were recently conducted on a distressed section of the South East Highway near Adelaide with the aim of determining the relative performance of alternative forms of asphaltic rehabilitation. A total of 17 loading experiments were conducted on several completely reinstated and overlayered pavement sections. The relative performance of the treatments was measured in terms of their resistance to surface deformation and crack propagation. Preliminary analysis has provided a ranking of deformation resistance of all asphalt materials used with some modified binders displaying significant advantages over conventional C170 bitumen. Comparative overlay experiments clearly demonstrated a significant extension in treatment life through use of a modified binder in the asphalt overlay. The strain alleviating membrane interlayer proved to be effective to slow crack propagation. (Author/TRRL)


The paper introduces a monitoring and controlling system for U type concrete block production line.The visual controlling system of PC is designed using programming language Visual C~(()_(++))6.0,and the corresponding protocol between PLC and PC is devised too.The system can control the real-time production by PLC,which controls the factory production,and realizes the automation production.


A sensitive and selective method for the determination of estriol by fluorescence immunoassay(FIA) was established on the basis of competing mode immunoassay.The avidin-biotin system as signal amplification system and QDs-avidin probe were applied to the method.After the conditions of immunoreaction such as the time and temperature of incubating,the pH of the buffer solution and the concentration of the reagents optimized,the linear range and the detection limit of the method were 0.01~1000 ng/mL,2.9×10-3 ng/mL.The recoveries are in the range of 91%~117% in human serum.


This article aims at assessing the internal stresses in thick laminated pipes, composed of orthotropic plies, subjected to transient thermal fields. The original contribution of the work is to provide novel analytical solutions, based on well-founded assumptions, to compute the internal stresses due to transient thermal fields throughout the pipe thickness, within the framework of thermoelasticity. The structures considered here are thick, laminated and anisotropic pipes of infinite length. They are subjected to heat flux conditions on their inner and outer surfaces due to the environmental conditions. The transient thermal field is determined and the thermoelastic stresses are derived by using the classical equations of solid mechanics and assuming a thermoelastic orthotropic ply behavior. Finally, particular attention is paid to wall thickness effect.


Russian abstract: В работе рассматривается проблема репрезентации страха во французских мемуарах XVII столетия, а именно попытки анализа своих и чужих реакций при столкновении с внезапной опасностью

English abstract: The paper deals with the problem of representation of fear in the French 17th century memoirs where the memorialists when faced with sudden danger attempt to analyze their own and other people's reactions to it.


Jean Cayrol's "Les Corps etrangers" is known primarily as a product of the late 1950s literary avant-garde thanks to its innovative use of monologue and restricted point of view. While Cayrolian criticism has largely focused on the novel's structure, "Les Corps" is more than an exercise in style. Examining the work from an historical perspective demonstrates that it is a chronicle of the resistancialisme that was rampant in post-World War II France, for Gaspard, the protagonist/narrator, voices the same arguments as many prominent accused Nazi collaborators. Cayrol's novel thus provides insight into the Zeitgeist of post-Occupation France.


New experiments are revealing the power of large-scale quantum devices .

Entanglement is the counterintuitive idea that particles can have an intrinsic connection—a connection that endures no matter the distance between them. The phenomenon remains one of the most bizarre and least understood consequences of quantum mechanics. Measure the quantum properties of one of a pair of entangled particles, and the other changes instantaneously.

Researchers have pioneered ways to demonstrate quantum entanglement in mechanical systems. This artist's conception of one experiment depicts an interferometer's light field, which "carries" the entangled state. Image credit: Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology/Moritz Forsch.

Such strange phenomena typically have been relegated to the subatomic. But recently, physicists have taken entanglement and other quantum effects to new extremes by observing them in large systems including clouds of atoms, quantum drums, wires, and etched silicon chips. Device by device, they are bringing the quantum world into new territory—the macroscopic world.

This work is driving new applications. Some experimental quantum computers use loops of superconducting wire as qubits, storing quantum information. Large quantum objects have already been used to help detect gravitational waves; they could appear in next-generation devices such as ultrasensitive sensors and encryption systems. These innovations, though, reach beyond cutting-edge tech. Building bigger and bigger quantum objects even raises the possibility of exploring some of the most pervasive unsolved mysteries at the intersection between quantum and classical worlds—and between quantum mechanics and gravity.

Ever since Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger first described wave–particle duality 90 years ago (1), physicists have been probing the boundary between the observable, predictable macroscopic world and the one where probabilistic quantum rules dominate. In the quantum world, a particle exists as a wave representing the probabilities of its location. Once measured, however, the particle is found at a point …


Abstract: Derivatives are money related instruments whose adjustments get from more crude monetary factors, for example, stock value, ware value, list level, loan cost or a swapping scale. Derivatives enable people and organizations to fence dangers. This implies they make it more probable that dangers are borne by those best ready to hold up under them. This makes it feasible for people and organizations to go up against more dangerous ventures with higher guaranteed returns and thus make more riches by supporting those dangers that can be supported. This paper explores the attention to financial specialists towards derivatives showcases in NCR regarding some statistic factors. The investigation center around financial specialists' state of mind in their venture hones. We endeavor to distinguish and break down the key factors that block the familiarity with derivatives among speculators. The information were gathered from 100 respondents by means of a poll overview. Chi square examination was utilized to break down the information, and some intriguing discoveries were acquired. This investigation uncovers that the greater part of the respondents know about derivatives.


"TO DEAL WITH the challenges our world is facing, we have to boost the pace of discovery," says Dr Edward O Pyzer-Knapp, worldwide research lead for AI enriched modelling and simulation at multinational technology corporation IBM. A man on a mission, if you take only one thing away from meeting the 33-year-old British scientist, it will be that there is an imperative firmly placed on the shoulders of the STEM community to do things better and quicker.


Abstract Studies on involuntary pension participation in general and among farmers, in particular, are scanty. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating cocoa farmers' awareness of pension schemes as well as assessing their willingness to participate in a cocoa pension scheme. A sample of 450 cocoa farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The discrete choice experiment (DCE) comprising conditional logit (CL) and random parameter logit (RPL) models were used to analyse farmers' willingness to pay for pension schemes. From the study, only 43 percent of farmers were aware of the cocoa pension scheme. The results of DCE analysis revealed that farmers' decision and willingness to pay for pension scheme were influenced by the scheme attributes such as premium, payment period, payment method and pension pay. For pension institutions, the revelation that farmers are less likely to participate in a pension scheme that takes longer years to realise the benefits should be crucial in developing schemes for cocoa farmers. Therefore, it is suggested that actuarial calculations should relax the cap for being declared due for pension and reduce the premium payment period for pension benefits.


To sports teachers,it is a requirement of modern education to find out the best way between teaching and learning--the guidance of learning. Class teaching is the major way of learning guidance,mainly to cultivate the methods of students learning of basic skills,the correcting ability and the improvement of the action quality. In the teaching practice,the guidance of learning must be combined with the characteristics of the teaching materials,guiding the students to learn how to create and arrange a whole action,and develop their competence of drawing inferences about other cases from one instance and the competence of playing to the score.


The friction-transfer method, which is described in this paper, can be used for in situ determination of intact rock strength. With this method it is possible to estimate the equivalent uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS), using appropriate calibration graphs. In this method a specially devised apparatus fits over the top the partial core and is clamped to it. To measure the rock strength, torque is applied using an ordinary torque meter and the maximum torque at failure is recorded. Comparative studies of UCS values and friction-transfer test results showed that a strong correlation exists between UCS and the friction-transfer readings. The measured values for uniaxial compressive tests ranged from 26 to 207 MPa. The average coefficients of variation of laboratory and site tests were found to be less than 14% for uniaxial compressive tests and less than 12.5% for the friction-transfer method. Fully saturated rock samples showed between about 18%–56% reduction in their torsional and core compressive stre...


The phenomenon of inverted hysteresis loop has been observed in many materials for the past decades. However, the physical origin of the inverted hysteresis loop has long been debated. Here, we report the completely inverted hysteresis loop with a clockwise cycle in the soft-magnetic nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy and amorphous Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy at room temperature. The negative remanence and positive coercivity were observed in the descending branch of magnetization curve when the scan field range was above 1 KOe. By comparing the results with that of the standard Pd sample, we found that the net coercivities of the nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy and standard Pd sample are almost equal for the different scanning field ranges. Therefore, it is confirmed that the phenomenon of completely inverted hysteresis loop is caused by the remanence of superconducting magnet rather than the structural inhomogeneity effects. Our results suggest that special care should be taken during the measurement of hysteresis loops using MPMS 3, especially for the materials with small coercivity.


Describes briefly a survey conducted at Anna University Library, Chennai (Tamil Nadu) to find out the use of different types of electronic resources and services and the impact of these resources on the academic development of faculty members. Also described are the problems faced in using the electronic resources and success rate of satisfaction in getting the required information on electronic resource/services.


WHO addresses child and adolescent injury prevention

Since Etienne Krug assumed the directorship of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Injury and Violence Prevention Department, the tempo of impressive accomplishments by him and his colleagues has rapidly increased. The latest product of this reinvigoration is a report on child and adolescent injury prevention, subtitled a WHO Plan of Action.1 As Krug wrote on the insert, the document results from an …


T year 2020 will be memorable for many reasons, with public health concerns center stage, along with resulting massive alterations in community lifestyles. Yet for individual patients, few events are as life changing as stroke. In recent months, there have been new developments worth noting for one group of stroke patients and their physicians, as highlighted in Annals. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is now recognized among the causes of stroke. The mechanism is presumed to involve venous thromboemboli crossing from right to left. The ability to close these congenital atrial septal openings without open-heart surgery has existed for years, but enthusiasm to do so was limited at first (1). The reasons for this hesitation included a demonstrated wide prevalence of PFO without stroke, a lack of supportive outcomes data from controlled trials, appreciation of the possibility of adverse events during and after PFO closure procedures, and cost. Eventually, a tipping point was reached during 2017 to 2018, with publication of better trial data and meta-analyses whose results converted even the most skeptical. Patent foramen ovale closure would now be considered a reasonable choice in the absence of another obvious cause of stroke, particularly in young patients (2). However, no procedure provides invariably perfect results. Careful post–PFO closure studies have shown that in some cases, residual right-to-left shunt may be demonstrated. How often this happens, why it happens, and whether it affects outcomes are questions addressed by Deng and colleagues (3), who describe their 22-year series of 1078 patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack attributable to a PFO in the absence of any other clear source after a thorough standardized evaluation. After transcatheter closure, each patient had a transthoracic echocardiogram with intravenous saline injection, the standard procedure for detecting intracardiac right-to-left shunting, by visualization of small bubbles crossing to the left atrium. These studies were performed at 24 hours, at 1 and 6 months, and annually. They revealed residual shunt in a surprising 22.5% of patients, with about 40% of shunts being moderate or large. Follow-up, which averaged about 3.5 years, revealed a significantly higher incidence of recurrent transient ischemic attack or stroke in patients with residual shunt. This remained true after multivariable adjustment for standard stroke risk factors, especially for shunts that were moderate or large. The rate of residual shunt seems high but is in keeping with another echocardiographic follow-up study that found an initial 19.5% prevalence (4). This number decreased over time to about 8% at 1 year, presumably because of endothelialization of the implanted button-like device. Some points in the report by Deng and colleagues (3) are puzzling. For one, a remarkable 44% of their patients had a hypercoagulable state, whereas the diagnostic yield of thrombophilia testing in unselected stroke patients is very low (5). This may represent a reasonable institutional tendency to refer for PFO closure these patients who are at particularly high risk for recurrent embolic events. But does this affect generalizability to stroke patients without hypercoagulable status? How many outcomes were observed in that group of patients, who are probably more representative of the stroke population in most hospitals? The authors do not mention immediate procedurerelated complications. Even if these have been reported elsewhere, the Annals reader seeking to form an opinion about the safety and efficacy of the closure procedure is left wondering. The cardiology specialist will ask which if any closure technologies were used in addition to the ubiquitous Amplatzer device, and whether outcomes varied by device—even if the numbers were small. The authors offer clinical suggestions concerning what to do when residual shunt is present. It would seem reasonable pending longer-term follow-up data to extend oral anticoagulation, as they suggest, hoping that the shunt will eventually diminish along with the attendant risk for further neurologic events. We now see the next step in a familiar progression of technologic feasibility, oscillations of enthusiasm and skepticism, and eventually acceptance under defined evidencebased conditions. There is gradual appreciation of both benefits and harms, accompanied by continued engineering evolution and increases in the skill and experience needed to use it. At some point, a new technology matures and finds a stable set of indications. Patent foramen ovale closure may be approaching that point, although we are still in an evolutionary phase in which (similar to the progression of knowledge in transcatheter valve repair) the downsides of closure procedures are being better documented. More information is still emerging regarding new randomized controlled trial results (6), long-term outcomes data (7), cost-effectiveness of PFO closure (8), and the relationship between PFO and migraine (9) and pulmonary embolism (10). Technologic advances are inevitable. Yet for many patients with PFO who have a stroke, closing the hole already makes sense. Perhaps further along on the learning curve—with newer, simpler techniques and less bulky implants—the risk–benefit equation in this group of patients can be tilted even further toward permanent stroke prevention.


Edible vegetable oil samples purchased in Akure, Nigeria, were subjected to physicochemical properties and trace metals analysis. The physiochemical parameters such as acid value, iodine value and saponification value were carried out by standard methods and the levels of the trace metals (copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cadmium, nickel, lead and chromium) were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method after wet digestion. The range of mean values obtained for the physicochemical parameters of the oils: acid value (3.59 9.65 mg KOH/g); iodine value (32.99 75.04 g I2/100g); and saponification value (187 – 207 mg/KOH/g), were within acceptable values for edible oils. The trace metals in the samples were in the range of values (mg/kg):0.10 0.60 (Cu); 0.07 2.49 (Zn); 0.13 0.55 (Fe); 0.01 0.48 (Mn); 0.01 0.09 (Cd); 0.01 0.08 (Ni); 0.07 0.26 (Pb); and 0.01 0.07(Cr). The concentration of trace metals such as Pb and Cd in the edible oils were beyond established permissible levels.


In this paper we describe prime, maximal and primitive ideals in some graded subrings of polynomial rings. As applications the corresponding radicals are determined. P of T with R(x)x n * P and T/P ∈ F. In particular, we prove that P is a prime ideal of T with R(x)x n * P if and only if there exists a prime ideal L of R(x) with R(x)x * L such that L ∩ T = P. In the case R(x)x n ⊆ P, P is a prime ideal of T if and only if P = P ∩S0+S1x+...+Sn−1x n−1 +R(x)x n , where P ∩ S0 is a prime ideal of S0. We obtain similar results for primitive and maximal ideals of T (more precisely, ideals M of T such that T/M is either simple and prime or simple with an identity). Extending a well-known terminology, an ideal I of T with I ∩ S0 = 0 is


THE SEASON is upon us, and sometimes it seems never ending: The presidential campaign. While the media bombards us with the latest debate, visits of candidates to potential supporters, op-ed articles, and so on, what do young people make of all of this? What do they understand about presidential elections? Do they care who will be president? Do they understand the democratic process and how we elect a president? Will they grow up to be voters and involved in the democratic process? What are schools doing to help students learn about all of this? During the last presidential election, John Waldman, a 5th- and 6th-grade teacher at PS #1 Elementary School in Santa Monica, California, wanted to make the presidential election a dynamic and exciting learning experience for his students. He used the Storypath strategy to bring these events to the forefront of his curriculum in order to focus on the process of the presidential election. The Storypath strategy uses a straightforward narrative format with scenes, characters, and plot to organize content into meaningful learning experiences. As Wiggins and McTighe clearly articulate, "A clear and compelling narrative helps us find meaning, not just scattered facts and abstract ideas. Stories help us remember and make sense of our lives and the lives around us. ... A story is not a diversion; the best stories make our lives more understandable and focused." (1) And so, the teachers and students ventured into a story--learning important democratic principles and experiencing the highs and lows of a presidential campaign. Through an inquiry process, the teacher leads students down a pathway of learning and, in this case, students figure out how the election process works and a president is elected. Ultimately, Storypath is successful because students ask their own questions. They are invested in learning the answers to their questions, and the teacher guides the process to ensure that educational objectives are achieved. Traditional units on the presidential election are likely to ask students to identify candidates and party platforms and then decide who they want to be president, perhaps by staging a mock election. Our experience is that students often find this tedious and abstract and that the election doesn't generate much excitement. There is no convincing evidence that this experience will plant seeds for later participation in the democratic process. Voting statistics suggest that a high percentage of citizens do not vote, especially citizens in their early 20s. The U.S. Census Bureau's data state that only 47% of 18- to 24-year-old citizens voted in the 2004 election. (2) If a paramount duty of public education is to prepare students for an active role in democracy, this percentage would suggest that schools are failing. This issue becomes particularly acute in low-income schools. If we use family income as a measure of voter participation, the data are clear: "Citizens with higher incomes were more likely to register and to vote. The voting rate among citizens living in families with annual incomes of $50,000 or more was 77% compared with 48% for citizens living in families with incomes under $20,000." (3) These data present serious problems for students in high-poverty schools where social studies has been pushed out of the school day to allow more time for literacy and mathematics. Leming, Ellington, and Schug in a national survey confirmed that in elementary schools, social studies gets significantly less time than reading and math during the school week. (4) Thus, a highly motivating curriculum designed to engage students in authentic democratic processes is essential. What could be more important than preparing students for participating in a democratic society? Waldman's experience with Storypath did not sacrifice learning about the democratic process at the expense of developing strong literacy skills. In fact, Storypath provided a genuine context for reading and writing well. …


The paper firstly educed the Agile Enterprises through the fact of the speed economy. Then illustrated the connotation of the Agile Enterprises. Secondly, the paper illustrated the operation features of the agile enterprise. Additionally, the paper analyzed the organization characters of the Agile Enterprises. Finally, the paper put forth the organization model, the internal function mode and external function mode.


Modern software is assembled from thousands of open source components, each with its own provenance and license, meaning that automation is the only practical way to comply with license conditions. We review the domain of software license compliance tools.


Objective: To explore the value of the volume transfer constant( Ktrans) and volume fraction of extravascular extracellular space( Ve) of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI( DCE-MRI) in evaluating the microvascular permeability of glioma,and correlation of the Ktrans and Ve values and pathological grade of tumor. Methods: The values of Ktrans and Ve of DCE-MRI in 26 patients with glioma( including grade Ⅱin 12 cases,grade Ⅲ in 8 cases and grade Ⅳ in 6 cases) diagnosed by pathology after operation were obtained before operation. The differences of the values of Ktrans and Ve in different grades gliom were compared using One-way AVOVA. Pearson correlation analyses were used to determine relationship between Ktrans,Ve,and glioma grade. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to determine the threshold of Ktrans and Ve to distinguish different grades of gliomas.Results: The values of Ktrans and Ve in grade Ⅱ were significantly lower than those in grade Ⅲ or grade Ⅳ gliom( P 0. 01),the differences of whose between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ glioms were not statistically significant( P 0. 05). The thresholds of Ktrans and Ve for0. 054 / min 0. 296 and 0. 084 / min 0. 345 could distinguish grade Ⅱ from Ⅲ and Ⅱ from Ⅳ glioma,respectively. The values of Ktrans and Ve and glioma grade,and Ktrans and Ve were positive correlations( P 0. 01). Conclusions: DCE-MRI can be used to distinguish grade Ⅱ from Ⅳ glioma and grade Ⅱ from Ⅲ glioma by testing the microvascular permeability of tumor,which can provide the important information for clinical diagnosis.


The influence of total electrolyte concentration (TEC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water on ESR-SAR relationships of normal clay loam, saline silty loam and calcareous sodic loam soils was studied in a laboratory experiment. Twelve solutions, encompassing three TEC levels viz., 25, 50, and 100 me L−1 and four SAR levels viz., 5, 10, 20 and 30 mmol1/2 L−1/2 were prepared to equilibrate the soil samples using pure chloride salts of calcium, magnesium and sodium at Ca: Mg = 2: 1. The SAR of equilibrium solution decreased as compared to the equilibrating solution and more so in waters of low salt concentration and low SAR. At all electrolyte concentration, SAR values were not attained to the equilibrium solution because of addition of Ca and Mg from mineral dissolution or supply of Ca and Mg from exchange sites. At higher TEC levels, considerable increase in exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was observed when it was correlated for anion exclusion and more so in calcareous sodic loam followed by saline silty loam and normal clay loam soils. Irrespective of TEC, the exchangeable sodium in all the soils increased by 2.1 to 3.8-fold and irrespective of SAR, it increased by about 1.1 to 2.1-fold, respectively. So, there is a positive interaction of TEC and SAR in sodification of soils. A positive interaction of TEC and SAR influenced the ESP build-up and CEC and silt + clay content played a major role in the visual disparity in sodification of these soils. Gapon's selectivity coefficient values were perceptible in the order of calcareous sodic loam > saline silt loam > normal clay loam. This indicates the preference of normal clay loam soils for Ca2+ + Mg2+ than that of Na+ on the exchange complex, whereas loam soil exhibited high affinity for sodium. Regression coefficient of ESR-SAR relationships was maximum for sodic loam followed by saline silty loam and normal clay loam soil. The exchange equilibrium was strongly affected by TEC of the solution phase. Variation in soil pH was gradual with respect to TEC and SAR of equilibrating solution and a sharp change was observed. At a fixed TEC, critical ESP values were observed calcareous sodic loam followed by saline silt loam and normal clay loam. On the other hand, SAReq needed for critical ESP built-up was in the order of calcareous sodic loam > saline silt loam > normal clay loam. This may be because of dissolution of calcium bearing minerals in calcareous sodic loam; and wash out of calcium and magnesium from the exchange sites for saline silt loam soil.


In this paper, a new approach of iris image feature extraction technique based on the statistical properties of Walsh Hadamard Transform (WHT) domain is proposed. A Canny Edge Detection followed by Hough Transform is used to detect the iris boundaries in the digital image of an eye. The segmented and normalized iris region is divided into 8x8 non-overlapping blocks and WHT is applied to each block. Unique iris features are obtained by computing mean value of energy (MVE) and mean value of standard deviations (MSD) of WHT coefficients. The energy-compaction characteristics of WHT are used to capture iris texture variations. Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform Algorithm is used to reduce the computational time. The features extracted by the WHT domain are used to generate unique encoded binary image and corresponding unique binary bit stream/code is constructed. In order to reduce the size of the database, this binary bit stream instead of binary image is stored in database for matching purpose. Further to increase the security of the system, the bit stream obtained is first encrypted using the user key obtained from user password and then the encrypted bit pattern template is stored. Experimental results on Bath University Iris Database reveal that the proposed iris matching scheme provides results comparable to those of recent methods and is also computationally effective.


This invention relates to a composite microstructure used to diffuse and focus light, which includes a base plate with upper and down surface, wherein the down surface is formed with several circular arc channels or micro lens array to diffuse the incident light to the down surface, and the upper surface is formed with several diamond column projections to increase half ?Cbrilliancy angle of light through the down surface. ii


A burning plasma simulation scheme has been developed with consideration for temperature dependence of the DT fusion reaction rate in JT-60U. The heating power for the simulation of alpha particle heating was calculated using real-time measurements of density and ion temperature. The response of a simulated fusion gain to the density was investigated in this scheme where a constant heating power was used for the simulation of external heating, in order to understand burn controllability by the fuel density in a fusion reactor. When temperature dependence of the fusion reaction rate was assumed as a square of ion temperature, density dependence of the simulated fusion gain stronger than the square of density was observed. Transport analysis using a 1.5 dimension transport code indicated that the strong density dependence is induced by changes in a confinement improvement factor and changes in a pressure profile.


Bone marrow trephine biopsies are an integral part of the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of patients with haematologic disorders. Lymphoid nodules are a common finding, usually reported in association with chronic inflammatory syndromes, infection haemolysis, myeloproliferative disorders and autoimmune diseases. They are usually considered to be a reactional feature. As bone marrow is the most common site of extranodal involvement of follicular lymphoma, the most important differential diagnosis is represented by bone marrow involvement by malignant lymphoma. From a practical point of view bone marrow lymphoid infiltrates are easy to diagnose on a histological basis. Benign aggregates are typically smaller, well distinguishable, contain a mixed population of cells and are nonparatrabecular. Neoplastic aggregates involving bone marrow as a paratrabecular infiltrate composed of cleaved cells. Immunophenotyping using a panel of monoclonal antibodies is capable of determining the lineage, subset and stage of differentiation of neoplastic lymphoid cells and may therefore contribute to confirm diagnosis. Especially in controversial cases, immunogenotypic analysis of the lymphoid proliferation may be helpful. Monoclonality may be detected by monotypic expressions of immunoglobulins or clonal rearrangements in the immunoglobulin heavy chain or T cell receptor genes. Ideally, the results of immunogenotypic analysis should be interpreted only in conjunction with the results of morphologic evaluation and immunophenotypic analysis. Morphology is still the gold standard in evaluating bone marrow infiltration by follicular lymphoma and immunophenotypic and immunogenotypic analysis should be considered as useful complementary investigations.


Growth of Si and SiGe layers using molecular beam epitaxy was carried out with the substrate at a floating, positive or negative bias, in order to investigate effects of ion bombardment on the crystalline quality of grown materials. Although ion energies (100–1500 eV) and ion/atom flux ratios (∼0.005) used in the experiments were quite low, significant lattice distortion along the growth direction (Δa⊥/as up to ∼300 ppm) was observed by high resolution x‐ray diffraction from the Si layers grown at 420 °C. At the same time, a broadband transition was observed in photoluminescence measurements from both Si and SiGe layers. Based on results of the annihilation behavior during postgrowth treatments using thermal annealing and hydrogenation, we attribute these effects to the ion bombardment induced formation and injection of different types of pointlike defects and defect clusters, which degrade the optical and electrical properties of grown layers.


When we received the invitation to write about the potential contributions to education of the only article on pedagogy by Bakhtin discovered to date, we were excited and intrigued. We were excited because, as sociocultural researchers in education, we would have the opportunity to examine how Bakhtin's actions, as a secondary school teacher, made visible, and foreshadowed, his developing theoretical perspectives on language, dialogic imagination, and ethics that we and colleagues have been exploring. We hoped to gain new insights into how a practice based on his theory would look and sound in secondary classrooms. We were intrigued because, in reading this article written sixty years ago, we found that it represented an unanticipated inscription of Bakhtin as a researcher whose inquiry informed his practice. Our close readings of this article and the accompanying notes and commentaries made visible how Bakhtin's ontological and epistemological decisions guiding his inquiry played an important role in developing what Eugene Matusov calls dialogic pedagogy. Through analysis of the multiple examples of inquiry inscribed by Bakhtin and his students, we began to see this article as a telling case (Mitchell, 1984). We see this article as making visible new theoretical and methodological insights about how the interactive and responsive inquiry approach Bakhtin used was a resource for his learning and that of his students.


Abstract:This article shows how the East German Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, MfS, colloquially known as the Stasi) managed to get hold of West German computer technology even without its usual spying and smuggling methods. In 1970, Siemens delivered three of their most modern mainframes quite officially and with the blessing of the West German government to an East Berlin front company disguising the Stasi's main computing center. Technicians, programmers, and Siemens sales personnel even provided "IT support" for Division XIII of the MfS and delivered spare parts, new software versions, and peripheral equipment. Western technology enabled the Stasi to jump-start its moves toward digitalization, which put it in the lead compared with other Eastern state security services until 1989.


Objective To explore the mechanism of endothelial vascular cell(EVC) damage caused by the serum in patients with hypertension disease and to explore its relation to the genesis and development of essential hypertension(EH).Methods EVCs were divided into the EH group,the healthy group and the blank group,and each group was respectively subjected to 15% of the serum of patients with hypertension disease,15% of the serum of healthy persons,and 100% DMEM for 48?h.Injury of DNA was determined by single cell gel electrophoresis,content of MDA in damaged cells was measured by thlobarbiturie acid and activity of SOD was measured by the xanthosine oxidase method.Results The data were analyzed by SPSS11.0. Compared with the healthy group and the blank group,cells of the EH group had remarkable DNA damage,increased MDA and decreased SOD activities.Conclusion Damage factors in the serum of EH patients may cause DNA damage of EVC,and the damage may be related to the occurrence and development of EH.


Fraud and security issues are significant problems faced by businesses. Based on a survey of certified fraud examiners reported in the 2016 ACFE Report to the Nations, total annual loses of all businesses exceeded six billion dollars with an average per case loss just under three million dollars. Small businesses, defined as those with less than 100 employees, reported median fraud losses that were virtually identical to the losses of large businesses. However, given the relative magnitude of assets for these two sizes of businesses, the fraud losses for small businesses have a much bigger impact on small businesses than on large ones. Given the importance of fraud loses to small businesses, fraud, security, and compliance issues are discussed within this context at a conceptual level along with a proposed research agenda.The presented discussion is framed within the special problems, issues, and potential solutions to fraud and compliance in small businesses. We begin with security and compliance issues faced by all businesses. The essence is that the security and compliance solutions (e.g., software) suitable for large businesses are often inappropriate for small businesses. Based on these results, recommendations for small business controls are offered. After discussing the need to perform additional research in this area, a research agenda is proposed. The specific topics of identifying the target population, methods of fully understanding the target population, data collection and analysis, and potential manuscripts are presented. A brief summary of the paper is then provided.


Field measurement of sea surface elevation for analysis of wave groups have been carried out at the 4 wave observation points around Japan about for 6 months. As the result of analysis of coefficient variation of wave group parameter, that a record length of wave data needs more than 60 minutes for the reliable statistics of wave groups. Using the wave record of the enough length for wave groups analysis, the empirical relationship between wave group statistics and wave climate statistics is estimated. Introduction We have well known that wave groups cause hydraulic problems near the surf-zone, for example harbor tranquillity due to long period oscillations taken by wave groups, abrupt beach erosion due to the infragravity waves generated by breaking of wave groups, a sliding of breakwaters by continuous high waves, and fluctuations of over-topping volume on sea-walls. In spite that the grouping waves are the origin force of hydraulic problems, the research on the statistics of the wave groups which incident to beaches and harbor has not been carried out sufficiently yet. For indicating the degree of wave grouping, a lot of parameters have been proposed. For example, Goda(1970) proposed the peakedness parameter of spectral distribution,Qp, Funke-Mansard(1979) proposed the groupiness factor,GF, Kimura(1980) shows theoretically relationship between Senior research engineer, Marine Environment Division Port and Harbour Research Institute, MOT 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka 239, JAPAN


Abstract: Fol lo wing the re fe ren dum which to ok pla ce on Ja nu ary 16, 2022, in which most ci ti zens vo ted in fa vor of con sti tu ti o nal amend ments; the Na ti o nal As sembly proc la i med the Con sti tu ti o nal Amend ments on Fe bru ary 9. Alt ho ugh not a ge ne rally ac cep ted vi ew, the re has been emp ha sis on the se amend ments as ha ving im pro ved the con sti tu ti o nal fra me work of the ju di ci ary. Chan ges in clu de the eli mi na tion of the three-year pro ba ti o nary man da te for jud ges and the elec tion of all jud ges and co urt pre si dents to be un der the ex clu si ve ju ris dic tion of the High Ju di cial Co un cil. The elec tion pro cess of the mem bers of the High Ju di cial Co un cil ha ve al so been de po li ti ci zed. In ad di tion, the con sti tu ti o nal gu a ran tee of the in de pen den ce of jud ges ha ve been im pro ved, by se cu ring the per ma nency of te nu re of ju di cial of fi ce, con sti tu ti o na li zing the ba sis for the re mo val of jud ges and mo re pre ci se gu a ran te e ing of the ir ir re mo va bi lity. De spi te this, most scho lars re main cri ti cal or at le ast evi dently re ser ved with re spect to the ef fects of the im-ple men ted con sti tu ti o nal chan ges. Asi de from a de fi cit in de moc ra tic le gi ti macy in the con vo ca tion of the Na ti o nal As sembly who had de ci ded upon the Con sti tu ti o nal Amend ments, the re is emp ha sis on the fact that the gu a ran te es of the in de pen den ce of the ju di ci ary ha ve only been par ti ally im pro ved with the cre a tion of the new, and best de scri bed as hid den chan nels for po li ti cal in flu en ce. Hen ce, a con tex tu al analysis of the con tent of the se con sti tu ti o nal amend ments show that the im ple-men ted con sti tu ti o nal re form can not ha ve po si ti ve ef fects on the advan ce ment of the ru le of law in Ser bia.


The major objective of this paper is to provide guidelines for using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in social research. It provides an abridge version of relevant literature in tabular form. SEM is "a second generation of multivariate analysis�?, mainly used for cross-sectional factor analyses, path analyses and regression analyses. It provides guidelines for six mandatory methodological areas (a) disclosure of model building strategy; (b) model specification including measurement models and path models (c) methods of estimation, (d) fit indices with cut-off criteria, (e) model optimization or re-specification, f) sample size requirements for SEM.


Aim:To synthesize ofloxacin artificial antigen.Methods:The immunogen,ofloxacin-BSA, was synthesized by carbodimide method; the coating antigen for ELISA,ofloxacin-OVA, was synthesized by isobutylchloroformate method.Results and Conclusion:The two artificial antigens were successfully synthesized. The synthesis of ofloxacin artificial antigen provides a basis for next monoclonal antibody preparation and ELISA kit development.


Researched the classical risk model,get the expansion of the total claim amount distribution by the expansion of then?fold convolution tails of regularly varying function,the expansion can help the insurance company to know own compensation well.


This invention relates to low-temperature fuel cell stack with a special device for supplying the operating medium. Cold fuel cell stack according to the present invention, in addition to the central operating medium supply section, and that it comprises a separate feed device or storage device for the operating medium of the liquid, in particular, distribution channels to individual cells prior to each and in that is provided with a separately drivable plurality of metering devices which join the operating medium supply of the central. The weighing equipment, controllable valve, controllable supply unit is suitable for controllable piezo pump or heat. The present invention is advantageously predetermined point in the fuel cell stack, in particular, low-temperature fuel cells which allows the inlet to the individual cells, sets a predetermined humidity of a given concentration or oxidizing agent of the fuel stack method for the operation of.


Radio-frequency-powered glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) is an extremely powerful and reliable technique for depth profiling analysis of thin, insulating barrier anodic films formed on aluminium. It allows ready and rapid analysis of the films, with depth resolution and sensitivity comparable with, or better than, those of secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling. However, for successful application of the technique, surfaces of specimens should be microscopically flat; surface roughness of dimensions similar to the thickness of the films can lead to almost total degradation of the depth profiles. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


there anything you want me to do?" Her mother simply asks if Hamlet is okay and tells her that she misses her. "Your mother is so nice," someone observes. But Hamlet continues to worry: "Maybe I should do something. Maybe she wants me to avenge her." But the butch text refuses to follow the patriarchal story line. Hamlet's soliloquy questions more than the merits of action versus analysis. Hamlet: "To be or not to be. Are you? Check one. Yes. No. If no. Check one. Woman? / Lesbian? Person of color? Poor? Addict? Homeless? / I am a woman in a lesbian body / I am a man in a woman's body / I am a woman's body in men's clothes / I am a man born with earrings / I am a butch costume with long hair." Cook examines race, gender, and class with her multi-racial cast of women, some butches in suits, others femmed up in dresses and heels. The panoply of representations of women continues, as the group discusses and debates relationships, roles, and narrative itself.


The BP networks was taken as an example and a reconfigurable method of neural networks(NN) hardware implementation was proposed.Based on this reconfigurable architecture and components,NN with different scales,transfer functions or learning algorithms could be implemented flexibly and fast.The implementation and test of a pattern recognition problem prove the feasibility of this method.


Now-a-day's great request of net application requires data to be transmitted in a secure manner. Data broadcast in public communication structure is not safe because of interception and improper manipulation by eavesdropper. be cause the good-looking solution for this trouble is Secret writing, which is the art and science of writing hidden messages in this way no one, apart from the source and intend destination, suspects the existence of the message, a form of safety from side to side darkness. auditory Secret writing is the scheme of hiding the existence of secret information by conceal it into one more standard such as auditory file. The rapid spread in digital data us age in many real life application contain urged newly and effectual ways to ensure the security. The efficient secrecy can be achieved, at least in part, by implementing Secret writing techniques. The goal of Secret writing technique is to obtain secure and robust way to conceive high rate of secret data. We focus on digital audio steganography which has emerged as a prominent source of data hiding across narrative telecommunication technology such as enclosed tone over IP, audio conferencing, etc., In this paper, we are hiding an image into an audio signal. The image that needs to be transmitted securely is encrypted using Secure force algorithm. The resultant will be the encrypted image which is used to hide into the audio signal. Then the audio is then transmitted through wireless network. At the receiver end the embedded audio signal is received, from which the audio and image are decoded. The image recovered from the audio signal is decrypted to obtain the original image. This method works as an efficient method to send secured images over wireless network.


Many intelligent systems must respond to sensory data or critical environmental conditions in fixed, predictable time. Rule-based systems, including those based on the efficient Rete matching algorithm, cannot guarantee this result. Improvement in execution-time efficiency is not all that is needed here; it is important to ensure constant, 0(1) time limits for portions of the matching process. Our approach is inspired by two observations about human performance. First, cognitive psychologists distinguish between automatic and controlled processing. Analogously, we partition the matching process across two networks. The first is the automatic partition; it is characterized by predictable 0(1) time and space complexity, lack of persistent memory, and is reactive in nature. The second is the controlled partition; it includes the search-based goal-driven and data-driven processing typical of most production system programming. The former is responsible for recognition and response to critical environmental conditions. The latter is responsible for the more flexible problem-solving behaviors consistent with the notion of intelligence. Support for learning and refining the automatic partition can be placed in the controlled partition. Our second observation is that people are able to attend to more critical stimuli or requirements selectively. Our match algorithm uses priorities to focus matching. It compares priority of information during matching, rather than deferring this comparison until conflict resolution. Messages from the automatic partition are able to interrupt the controlled partition, enhancing system responsiveness. Our algorithm has numerous applications for systems that must exhibit time-constrained behavior.


Space based radar has long been considered as a solution to the Department of Defense's requirement for persistent surveillance of the earth surface. Ignoring the logistical issues of launching, deploying, and maintaining a large phased array in space, space based radar has the advantage of being remote and has the capability to perform global surveillance in all weather conditions. In this paper effects such as earth rotation, range fold over, varied terrain types and internal clutter motion are analyzed for their impacts on space based radar performance. Publicly available data bases allow for the characterization of the entire earths surface in terms of land cover and wind. From this data site specific clutter returns can be generated in a high fidelity radar simulation which can in turn be analyzed to produce performance comparisons under various effects. More over, a new class of waveforms referred to as 'hybrid chirps' are introduced that can be used to resolve the range fold over (ambiguous returns) impact seen by a space based radar. These ambiguous range returns, when impacted by earth rotation, can impart delirious effects to minimum discernable velocity performance. The impacts of the afore mentioned effects on minimum discernable velocity, and the benefits of transmit waveform diversity to counter these effects are presented in this paper.


Chinese jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is an important multipurpose fruit crop grown and native to China.The con-tents of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide in the flowers and fruit at different development stage of the leading table cultivar Dongzao and dried-fruit-use cultivar Jinsixiaozao were examined by using HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatogra-phy).The results showed that the appearing time of oligosaccharide,and the monosaccharide composition and content curve of polysaccharide were different between cultivars.Oligosaccharide content increased with fruit ripening process but could not be detected in flowers and fruitlets.The large amount of oligosaccharide was first found at white-ripening stage in Jinsixiaozao cultivar,but 3 weeks before white-ripening in Dongzao.The content of polysaccharide increased with fruit development,which changed slightly before white-ripening in Jinsixiaozao and kept increasing since fruit set in Dongzao.The kinds and contents of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide increased gradually with fruit development.Before fruit becoming half-red,only glucose,fructose,and galactose could be checked out,of which fructose was dominant.Rhamnose,arabi-nose and mamnose were found after fruit becoming half-red,but their contents kept very low.


This paper presents the results of a computer programming experience aimed to incorporate computational thinking in schools. A survey was conducted among participants. From the results it stands out that all teachers think it is important to include programming in schools to promote logical thinking and as an in-demand skill. Responses also shows that most of the teachers have assimilated the fundamental concepts of programming didactics and managed to implement the proposed practices in the classroom while those who did not claimed as difficulties that the contents are not in the curriculum and their lacking of the necessary equipment. Regarding the tools presented in the training, they deemed Scratch as more suitable for the proposed teaching methodology.


Recent studies on radio reality provided strong evidence that radio links between low-power sensor devices are extremely unreliable. In this paper, we study how to improve energy efficiency for reliable communication using such unreliable links. We identify an optimal bound on energy efficiency for reliable communication, and propose a new communication model in the link layer that asymptotically approaches this bound. This new model indicates a better path metric compared to previous path metrics, and we validate this by establishing a routing infrastructure based on this metric, which indeed achieves a higher energy efficiency compared to other stateof-the-art approaches. We present results from a systematic analysis, simulations and prototype experiments based on the MicaZ platform. The results give us fundamental insights on communication efficiency over unreliable links.


From the temperature dependence of integrated intensities and from line widths in high-resolution 1H-NMR spectra, the relaxation times T1 and T2 of protons in CH2 and CH3 groups of polyisobutylene in CCl4 solution have been determined. Although the relaxation time T1 of methylene protons is determined mainly by intragroup interactions, intergroup interactions of two methyl groups from each two consecutive monomer units were found to contribute considerably to T1 of methyl protons. The Structure and mobility of polyisobutylene (PIB) molecules in solution is discussed on the basis of the relaxation time data.


Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have been attracting attention as interfaces that connect a brain to an external device. The implementation of a BCI requires establishing a technique that accurately recognizes the brain state, and a host of challenges remains for the implementation. This paper uses the emotion fractal analysis method (EFAM), which quantifies emotions based on data obtained from an electroencephalogram (EEG), to propose a BCI system that accurately discriminates and recognizes emotions such as delight, anger, sorrow, and pleasure, and uses that information to manipulate an electric wheelchair. The EFAM's emotion recognition rates for the four emotions, namely delight, anger, sorrow, and pleasure, were 81.11, 79.25, 73.16, and 85.42%, respectively, and its emotion isolation rates were 97.88, 98.08, 98.07, and 97.86%, respectively. Based on emotion data obtained in real time by the EFAM, we developed a novel BCI circuit that manipulates an electric wheelchair. Using this BCI circuit allows us to adjust the speed of an electric wheelchair in proportion to the intensity of the emotion. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Cruise missile is a new precision beating weapon in modern wars.In order to improve field survival probability and operational efficiency,a practical and rapid curve generation algorithm for terrain following was proposed based on the improved curvature smoothing algorithm.By using the terrain-entropy,it can categorize the terrains and eliminate curve's perturbation caused by the waving of terrains.The algorithm is useful to the development of the warfare simulation and cruising armament.It has already been applied in the research of midcourse guidance of air launched missile.


Marine basic geological data play an important role in national defense construction and marine economic development. Based on unified data standards and specifications, building a marine basic geological data resource sharing platform has important practical significance for realizing the sharing of marine geoscience data and improving the utilization of data resources. This paper first analyzes the outstanding problems in the visualization of marine basic geological data, mineral resources and gravity, and magnetic data. For these problems, based on the existing marine geological data as the basic source data, the technical method of visualizing the spatial location of marine basic geological data through map visualization is studied, and the method is applied to the marine geological data service WebGIS system development project. The efficiency of marine geological researchers in querying geological data and the hit rate of screening data have been improved, and it has certain innovation and practicability in the service model of marine geological data.


Objective To investigate and analyze the interventional techniques being employed or being anticipated to be adopted in the primary hospitals in Yunnan province of China in order to further promote the interventional procedures in clinical practice. Methods A total of 52 Yunnan provincial state hospitals and county hospitals were enrolled in this investigation. During the period from Sep. 2009 to Dec.2012, questionnaires were used to find out the interventional techniques being employed or being anticipated to be adopted in these 52 hospitals, and the results were analyzed. The common clinical issues were discussed and the improvement measures were suggested. Results The number of effective questionnaire was38(38/52). Four county hospitals did not have basic condition to carry out the interventional technique, 41.7%of hospitals expected that they would be able to develop the technique of inferior vena cava filter, 35.3% of hospitals anticipated to employ125I seed implantation with stenting for liver cancer, and 32.3% of hospitals wanted to use digestive tract stent implantation. The difficulties to hinder the development of interventional techniques included the shortage of necessary interventional equipment and the irrational orderly system of professional succession. Conclusion The interventional procedures being carried out nowadays in the primary hospitals in Yunnan province of China are quite few. The difference in the interventional techniques being anticipated to be carried out between the municipal hospitals and county hospitals is not significant.With the increasing demand of interventional treatment, the primary hospitals will have broad prospects in developing interventional treatment.


Nowadays shipping industry has problems such as reduction of mariners, aging of mariners, and labor expenses. To solve the problems, One Person Bridge Operation was developed as navigation supporting system.  However,  One  Person  Bridge  Operation  remained  technological  problems  and  one  man  error. Therefore, in this study, telexistence on a ship was proposed by using satellite communication. Telexistence on a ship is a concept of maneuvering between land and ship with at least two mariners such as navigation officer and  helmsman. Navigation  officer works  on  ship  as  usual  and  helmsman  supports  ship  from  land.  In  this paper, remote maneuvering system was developed as the first step of telexistence on a ship. For evaluating the effectiveness, ship experiment was carried out. From  the  result, navigation officer and helmsman could alter ship's course to 20 degrees within 60 seconds and less than 5% overshoot in the proposed remote maneuvering system. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 11


A new method for calculating the density of states of the two-dimensional electron gas in high magnetic fields with random scatterers is presented. Within the path-integral formalism we go beyond the short-time approximation and introduce a nonlocal harmonic-oscillator correction. Since the path integral of the nonlocal harmonic oscillator in a magnetic field can be solved exactly, a new solution of the density of states is obtained.


IN ARTICLE ARE RESULTS OF CLINICAL STUDY OF EFFICACY OF FLUCONAZOLE (MYCOFLUCAN) USED TO TREAT OTOMYCOSIS IN CHILDREN. ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY FLUCONAZOLE HAS EFFECTIVELY SURPRESSED THE MYCOTIC INFECTION AND AMELIORATED SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE, THUS PROMOTING EARLIER RECOVERY.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused numerous social, health and educational problems. Social media began to contain an excessive amount of information about the new coronavirus, making it difficult for people to find material from reliable sources. Therefore, a space was created to build knowledge and clarify doubts about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, in addition to developing discussions on educational, technological tools and scientific advances in the search for clarifications and solutions for the confrontation of the current pandemic. The actions were carried out in the virtual space of Instagram, using the lives features, which were broadcast on the @morfotecnologiaufpe profile and took place on Wednesdays at 20 pm and lasting 60 min. The discussions were conducted by mediators, professors from the PPGM-UFPE, and one or two invited experts on each topic addressed. Viewers were able to follow the mediator-guest interaction in real time, in addition to being protagonists of the dialogue through comments and questions. The discussions developed stimulated critical thinking, combating misinformation and valuing science and technology in dealing with health problems. It also corroborates the reorganization of extensionist practices, which are of paramount importance to guarantee the articulation between the university and the community, in the construction of knowledge and in the academic improvement of students and professors. The experience highlighted that the use of social media is an effective tool in health education actions, as it enables accessibility to knowledge through the resources of an Information Technology Platform.


Construction management is a complex and time-consuming process, and effective quality management is mandatory to ensure overall project quality. Unfortunately, current methods are cumbersome and rife with error. Therefore, the application of electronic and blockchain-based technology for autonomous inspection operations is proposed, and its advantages to auxiliary management operations are demonstrated. The application of blockchain technology in the construction industry using appropriate electronic aids can improve operational efficiency over traditional paper-based methods, thus reducing the time required by engineers and improving quality management.


Background: The purpose of this research was to present a foundation for improving the relationships between gynecological cancer patients and their spouses, as well as their quality of life, by studying the sexual life of gynecological cancer patients before and after surgery and the relationship between their marital intimacy and depression. Methods: Data were collected from April 20 to May 23, 2010, from research subjects who were diagnosed with gynecological cancer and received treatments as outpatients in the University Hospital K in Seoul. A total of 153 questionnaires were collected from qualified research subjects for the final analysis. The Sex Life Measurement Tool for Cancer Patients (2006) and the Marital Intimacy Questionnaire developed by Warring and Reddon (1993) were used to investigate marital intimacy, and Beck's (1967) Depression Inventory (BID) was used to assess depression. Results: The following hypotheses were supported: There would be a change in the sexual attitude of gynecological cancer patients and their spouse's, there would be a change in the sexual characteristics of gynecological cancer patients and their spouse's, and there would be a change in the marital intimacy of gynecological cancer patients and their spouse's. Conclusion: The sexual behavior attitude of gynecological cancer patients changed in a negative way after their operations, and their sexual behavior characteristics were also reduced with a higher degree of depression after operations.


The traditional formulation of testing simple basic hypothesis versus composite alternative is a well studied problem in many scientific works [1-8]. The problem of making the sense about direction of difference between parameter values, defined by basic and alternative hypotheses, is important in many applications [917]. Here the decision whether the parameter outstrips or falls behind of the value defined by basic hypothesis is meaningful. For parametrical models, this problem can be stated as


The present research aims at knowing: 1) the influence of different concentration of diatom media fertilizer on the population density Tetraselmis sp.; 2) the influence of different concentration of KW21 fertilizer on the population density Tetraselmis sp.; 3) an optimal concentration of diatom media fertilizer and KW21 for the population density of Tetraselmis sp. An experimental with Completely Randomized Design was conducted by treating diatom media fertilizer and KW21 fertilizer. Each of the treatments was given concentration of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results show that the concentration of diatom media fertilizer did give any significance influence on the population density of Tetraselmis sp. It could be seen from the value of F test which was lower than F table (23,05) > 3.48) at the significance level of 5%. The concentration of KW21 fertilizer had any significance influence on population density of Tetraselmis sp. by which the value of F test was 10,63 and the F table was 3.48 at the significance level of 5%. An optimal population density of Tetraselmis sp. fell on the treatment of A1B4C1 (94.83x10 5 cell/ml) and A2B4C1 (91.83x10 5 cell/ml).


Patients suffering from arthritis of the hip are experiencing dramatic relief from pain. A new surgical procedure—replacement of the acetabulum and head of the femur with a Charnley-Mueller prosthesis fixed with methyl methacrylate—and skilled nursing care are the reasons.


Modularity Biometric System (MBS) is an approach to support AiTR of the cooperated and/or non-cooperated standoff biometric in an area persistent surveillance. Advanced active and passive EOIR and RF sensor suite is not considered here. Neither will we consider the ROC, PD vs. FAR, versus the standoff POT in this paper. Our goal is to catch the "most wanted (MW)" two dozens, separately furthermore ad hoc woman MW class from man MW class, given their archrivals sparse front face data basis, by means of various new instantaneous input called probing faces. We present an advanced algorithm: mini-Max classifier, a sparse sample realization of Cramer-Rao Fisher bound of the Maximum Likelihood classifier that minimize the dispersions among the same woman classes and maximize the separation among different man-woman classes, based on the simple feature space of MIT Petland eigen-faces. The original aspect consists of a modular structured design approach at the system-level with multi-level architectures, multiple computing paradigms, and adaptable/evolvable techniques to allow for achieving a scalable structure in terms of biometric algorithms, identification quality, sensors, database complexity, database integration, and component heterogenity. MBS consist of a number of biometric technologies including fingerprints, vein maps, voice and face recognitions with innovative DSP algorithm, and their hardware implementations such as using Field Programmable Gate arrays (FPGAs). Biometric technologies and the composed modularity biometric system are significant for governmental agencies, enterprises, banks and all other organizations to protect people or control access to critical resources.


School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, The Research Institute of Industrial Technology,Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, KoreaReceived August 29, 2001Keywords : Polymerization, Vesicle, Phase separation, Skeletonization, Hydrolysis.Holes can be drilled in the membrane of a tumor cellattacked by an activated macrophage. This process results inthe leakage of the cytoplasmic interior and the death of thecell. In order to simulate the biological process, phase-sepa-rated large vesicles were used.


SUMMARY 1. The relationship of insufficiency of the cardiac sphincter mechanism and regurgitant esophagitis is discussed. 2. Surgical reconstitution of the cardiac sphincter mechanism as in hiatal hernia repair is suggested as proper therapy in selected individuals even though no hiatal hernia is demonstrated by x-ray. 3. Case reports of eight patients treated in this manner with good results are given.


A BMI using Electroencephalography (EEG) input, known as the Emotiv EPOC™ was tested with an external robotic arm to determine if it was suitable for control of peripherals. Within 2 weeks of training, subjects maintained or improved axial control of the robot arm, and reduced their overall performance time. Although the EPOC™ does require further testing and development, its adaptability to multiple software programs, users and peripherals allows it to serve both Virtual Rehabilitation and device control in the immediate future.


NASA's new satellite mission to map the water in the soil under our feet has passed another key milestone by generating its first full global maps.


Graph theoretical analysis of brain networks based on resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. These analyses often involve the selection of correlation metrics and specific preprocessing steps. However, the influence of these factors on the topological properties of functional brain networks has not been systematically examined. Here, we investigated the influences of correlation metric choice (Pearson's correlation versus partial correlation), global signal presence (regressed or not) and frequency band selection [slow-5 (0.01–0.027 Hz) versus slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz)] on the topological properties of both binary and weighted brain networks derived from them, and we employed test-retest (TRT) analyses for further guidance on how to choose the "best" network modeling strategy from the reliability perspective. Our results show significant differences in global network metrics associated with both correlation metrics and global signals. Analysis of nodal degree revealed differing hub distributions for brain networks derived from Pearson's correlation versus partial correlation. TRT analysis revealed that the reliability of both global and local topological properties are modulated by correlation metrics and the global signal, with the highest reliability observed for Pearson's-correlation-based brain networks without global signal removal (WOGR-PEAR). The nodal reliability exhibited a spatially heterogeneous distribution wherein regions in association and limbic/paralimbic cortices showed moderate TRT reliability in Pearson's-correlation-based brain networks. Moreover, we found that there were significant frequency-related differences in topological properties of WOGR-PEAR networks, and brain networks derived in the 0.027–0.073 Hz band exhibited greater reliability than those in the 0.01–0.027 Hz band. Taken together, our results provide direct evidence regarding the influences of correlation metrics and specific preprocessing choices on both the global and nodal topological properties of functional brain networks. This study also has important implications for how to choose reliable analytical schemes in brain network studies.


The invention relates to the technical field of inorganic nonmetallic materials, in particular to a manufacturing method of anti-static plate glass. The method comprises steps as follows: step 1), mixing: inorganic conductive powder consisting of a mixture of one or two of inorganic conductive oxide and conductive titanate is uniformly mixed with glass powder to prepare a mixed material, wherein the mass percentage of the inorganic conductive powder is 24%-50%, and the mass percentage of the glass powder is 50%-76%; step 2), founding: the mixed material prepared in the step 1) is uniformly spread into a fire-proof mold with a recessed mold cavity, the surface of the mold cavity is smooth, the bottom surface of the mold cavity adopts a plane, the mixed material is founded in a furnace at the founding temperature ranging from 1,200 DEG C to 1,600 DEG C, and molten glass slurry is obtained; and step 3), cooling formation: the glass slurry prepared in the step 2) is cooled and solidified in the mold and then continuously cooled to the normal temperature, and the obtained anti-static plate glass is taken out of the mold.


Trolley assist is a system in which haul trucks in open pit mines are propelled by electric energy along a designated haul road segment. This can lead to high savings on fuel costs, productivity, CO2 emission and engine life, but is associated with limitations on mine planning. The purpose of this thesis is to determine how trolley assist can be accommodated into strategic mine planning, in view of optimizing the Net Present Value (NPV). This was investigated by assessing the impact of relocating the trolley infrastructure on the mine schedule and NPV, using GEOVIA Whittle for a theoretical case study concerning a Ghanaian gold mine. The outcome of the case study was that a diesel only scenario yielded the highest NPV, meaning that the operational savings of trolley assist were not high enough to offset the required capital investment. The comparison between two trolley assist scenarios with a different time period of trolley line relocation resulted in a slightly higher NPV for the scenario with a delay in movement of one period, relative to the original trolley assist scenario. To account for the trolley infrastructure in the scheduling process, increased mining cost adjustment factors (MCAF) were used on the trolley line locations. This methodology was found adequate for the Ghana Gold case, but it requires detailed knowledge on the planned (re)location of the trolley infrastructure. It was found that delaying the trolley line relocation by one period only caused minor changes in the mine schedule and operating costs of the Ghana Gold case, justifying the slightly increased NPV for the delayed trolley assist scenario. However, considering the proportion of the total project value, the difference between the NPV's of the assessed scenarios was negligible. The results of the case study did not deliver enough support for the hypothesis that incorporating trolley assist in the long-term mine plan is key in achieving an increased NPV with trolley assist. Nevertheless, it is clear that the feasibility of trolley assist is not a simple offset between capital investment and operational savings. Most limitations of this research resulted from the complexity of the Ghana Gold block model and the poor availability of detailed cost data.