In this paper, by designing 20 W class driving circuit for driving high-power LED (Light Emitting Diode), we are going to comparatively carry out the analysis of characteristics for power circuit according to each design method. In this case, 200 V 60 Hz was performed as input data. The electrical characteristics such as voltage, current and ripple are checked for constant current circuit and constant voltage circuit in the LED module. In addition, as the ripple has an influence on illumination of LED light, low temperature working (-20 []) and high temperature working(80 []) are measured to make sure the ripple characteristics in accordance with temperature. In low temperature operation -20 [] measurements, both constant current circuit and constant-voltage circuit were less impacted on input fluctuation, whereas in the high temperature operation 80 [], current voltage in constant voltage circuit was surge after 430 [hour]. Voltage current ripple of constant current circuit was much less than constant voltage circuit, therefore we can show that constant current circuit is more stable.


While previous research has developed unclear positions about the role of organizational resources on alliance formation, the purpose of this paper is to focus on financial slack resources to clarify the conditions that facilitate the formation of strategic alliances. Building on the behavioral theory of the firm, this paper theorizes that internal and external financial slack resources, measured as cash holdings and financial leverage, incentivize managers to form alliances, because they protect them against the risk of alliance failure.,Complete data were collected from 400 biotech public companies for the period from 2000 to 2015. The data set considered alliances among over 2,200 public and private companies. Hypothesis testing relied on generalized estimating equations.,Cash holdings positively impact alliance formation; financial leverage negatively impacts alliance formation; cash holdings and financial leverage interact in the prediction of alliance formation.,While research in financial slack resources shows equivocal results, this study illustrates that they exercise a significant effect when it comes to the choice of forming strategic alliances. Limitations include the focus on multiple forms of alliances, possible restrictions in the external validity of the findings, and a lack of measurement of explanatory mechanisms.,Findings help managers understand the financial conditions in which they should choose to form or avoid alliances; findings help managers select alliance partners.,The study contributes by proposing a new outlook on alliances; identifying financial resources as alliance predictors when previous research focused on intangible resources; offering new insights into the often equivocal outcomes of financial slack; building an uncharted bridge between the finance and alliance literatures.


The invention relates to health care soybean sauce. The health care soybean sauce is characterized by comprising the following main components by weight percent: 15-20% of corn, 10-15% of green bean, 3-5% of Chinese angelica, 3-6% of almond, 2-5% of white atractylodes rhizome, 3-6% of medlar, 2-5% of polygonatum odoratum, 1-3% of honey, 1-2% of fermented vinegar, 1-2% of calcium propionate, 1-4% of potassium sorbate, 1-3% of spirulina, 1-3% of longan, 1-3% of Chinese yam and the balance of water. The health care soybean sauce has the function of preventing and treating diseases on the premise of guaranteeing a normal seasoning function, especially has obvious effects on treating and relieving constipation and malnutrition, and can be used for improving the immunity of a human body.


In the past decade and a half, interpretations of the Old Regime and the origins of the French Revolution have converged on the concept of "political culture," a term that pervades current literature and has earned the prestige once reserved for the idiom "social class." This rhetorical shift reflects a significant transformation in the way historians think about eighteenth-century France: where Marxist historians once saw a rising bourgeoisie supplanting feudalism with capitalism, Revisionists—if we can still call them that—now see the development of politically charged practices, language, and ideas. Asserting that the political life of the Old Regime somehow created the conditions of the Revolution, historians have replaced what was a relatively specific agent of change, the bourgeoisie, with a considerably more vague one: a new political imagination that made revolution thinkable and therefore possible. Over


The electrical safety climate in the United States was different twenty years ago. Many companies did not have well-developed electrical safety programs and written electrical work procedures. Electrical workers were not trained in arc flash hazards and were not provided arc flash PPE. Unprotected workers were expected to perform work on and near energized circuits and equipment. Today, most companies have established electrical safety programs and provide arc flash training and PPE to their employees. Yet electrical injuries still occur. Electrical injuries today can be attributed to 1) well-intended electrical safety programs falling short in their implementation; and/or 2) workers failing to recognize the severe injury potential in a situation perceived as a low-level hazard. This paper addresses some reasons why electrical safety programs fail to protect workers. It also discusses the potential arc flash hazards that are associated with low-magnitude fault currents, which are illustrated through calculations.


Objective To investigate the main pathogenic bacteria and the drug sensitivity of neonatal pneumonia.Methods 395 neonates with pneumonia were selected from January 2008 to May 2010 and their sputum specimens were cultivated,then tested by drug sensitivity.Results In 395 specimens,positive pathogenic bacteria were cultivated out in 151 cases,with the positive rate of 46.46%.Among them,23 strains(7.08%) were Escherichia coli,16 strains(4.92%) were Baumanii,41strains(12.62%) were Klebsiella terrigena,35 strains(10.77%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae,28 strains(8.62%) were Enterobacter cloacae,8 strains(2.46%) were other bacteria.And Klebsiella pneumonia was sensitive to imipenem,aminoglycosides and quinolonos,however,resistant to piperacillin and tazobactam.Escherichia coli,klebsiella terrigena and Baumanii were sensitive to imipenem,ciprofloxacin and compound β lactams.Conclusion Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumonia,Klebsiella terrigena and Enterobacter cloacae were the common pathogens of neonatal pneumonia.Sputum culture is one of important surveillance measures to neonate pneumonia.


Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance. The evolutionary history of the genus and the taxonomic relationships among the species are controversial and not well understood. This study that has been conducted on this genus to refine taxonomic and evolutionary relationship utilizing different types of data (including morphology, anatomy and molecular) The studied species were the following: Pistacia aethiopica J. O. Kokwaro, P. atlantica Desf., P. chinensis Bunge, P. eurycarpa Yaltirik, P. falcata Becc. ex Martelli, P. integerrima Stew. ex Brand., P. khinjuk Stocks, P. lentiscus L., P. mexicana HBK, P. mutica Fisch. & Mey., P. palaestina Boiss., P. terebinthus L., P. texana Swingle, P. vera L., and P. weinmannifolia Poiss. ex Franch. Phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data strongly supported the monophyly of Pistacia. The genus divided into two monophyletic groups. One group (Section Pistacia) contains P. atlantica, P. chinensis, P. eurycarpa, P. falcata, P. integerrima, P. khinjuk, P. mutica, P. palaestina, P. terebinthus, and P. vera while the other group (Section Lentiscus) contains P. aethiopica, P. lentiscus, P. mexicana, P. texana, and P. weinmannifolia. In anatomical analysis, all species had anomocytic stomata. In most species, the stomata density was higher on the abaxial surface than the adaxial. The ratio of abaxial to adaxial stomatal density varied from 0.0 to 1.7. Stomatal distribution may provide insights into how Pistacia species evolve in terms of leaf anatomy and respond to different climatic changes. Stomatal distribution changed (losing stomata on either surface) as the genus


The augmented Lagragian method is an algorithm to compute saddle points for linearly constraint convex minimization problems. Recently it has received much attention, also under the name Bregman iteration, as an approach for regularizing inverse problems by applying the iteration to noisy data and stopping appropriately. Convergence and convergence rates have been shown for a priori stopping rules. This work shows convergence and convergence rates for this method when a special a posteriori rule, namely, Morozov's discrepancy principle, is chosen as a stopping criterion. Particularly, we treat the case in which this rule degenerates in the sense that the stopping indices do not tend to infinity as the noise level vanishes. Moreover, error estimates for the involved sequence of subgradients are pointed out. As potential fields of application we study implications of these results for particular examples in imaging. These are total-variation regularization as well as lq penalties with q∈[1,2]. It is shown t...


Aiming at the design of new luminescent host-guest materials with minimized aggregation effects, two classes of sol-gel derived mesoporous materials were explored as hosts for Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dye: The first consists of pure (SiO2) and phenyl-modified silica (Ph0.17SiO1.915) xerogels, prepared via sol-gel reaction using an ionic liquid as catalytic agent. The second consists of mesoporous sodium aluminosilicate glasses with Si to Al ratio in the range of 6 ≤ Si/Al ≤ 9. Characterization through high resolution solid state NMR proved the successful obtention of the designed host matrices. Following Rh6G-loading in various concentrations, the resulting materials were characterized by their luminescence and excitation spectra, excited state lifetimes, and quantum yields. The dye doped silica xerogels presented high quantum yield values (up to 87%), with no substantial decrease in efficiency with increasing dye concentration. At suitable Rh6G contents, all the final materials presented laser action under 53...


In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the JADE-MUSIC (joint angle and delay estimation) algorithm in the presence of point sources. The observed snapshots are used to estimate the space-time channel matrix. The estimated channel matrix is then used to jointly estimate the direction of arrival and the time of arrival. The performance of the JADE-MUSIC algorithm is then evaluated in terms of bias and mean square error of the DOA and TOA estimates. The obtained results are also compared to the Cramer-Rao bound.


We show that there are two distinct electrochromic processes in anodic iridium oxide films. The measured isotherms for both processes have simple theoretical forms dominated by internal entropy changes of noninteracting particles. Such isotherms have never before been observed for amorphous films.


In this paper we present the experimentally validated discovery methods of our "Nexus" framework for use in home networks. These methods allow "client" software applications to dynamically search and access an entire set of distributed software resources in a home network in close to real time. The novelty of this framework is two-fold; first, no prior knowledge of the network is required by the client application. Secondly, the network itself does not need to actively maintain state by using servers/registries/caches.


A high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is presented for solving the preconditioned Euler equations with an explicit or implicit time marching scheme. A detailed description is given of a practical implementation of a precondition matrix of the type of Weiss and Smith and of the DG spatial discretization scheme employed, with particular emphasis on the artificial viscosity-based shock capturing techniques. The curved boundary treatment is proposed through adopting a NURBS surface equipped with a radial basis function interpolation to propagate the boundary displacement to the interior of the mesh. The resulting methods are verified by simulating flows over two-dimensional airfoils, such as symmetric NACA0012 or asymmetric RAE2822, and over three-dimensional bodies, such as an academic hemispherical headform or aerodynamic ONERA M6 wing. Numerical results show that the present method functions for both transonic and nearly incompressible flow simulations, and the proposed treatment of curved boundaries, play an important role in improving the accuracy of the obtained solutions, which are in good agreement with available experimental data or other numerical solutions reported in literature.


For realizing information sharing among vehicles, various methods based on P2P (peer-to-peer) and V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communications have been proposed. However, in a case of using a P2P-based method, the network load of a source vehicle will increase due to the increase of receivers. On the other hand, in a case of using a V2V-based method, vehicles cannot communicate with each other if vehicles are far apart. In this paper, we propose an information sharing method among vehicles based on V2V and P2P communications.


This study is intended to gauge the risk inherent in defined contribution (DC) pension plans on an individual and on an aggregate basis, based on United States data. Our aim is to gain insight into the consequences of a DC pension scheme becoming the predominant pillar of retirement income for an entire society. It is necessary for the primary source of retirement income to, by design, provide a sufficient pension that will offer financial security to the elderly and will facilitate the transition from employment to retirement. Due to the uncertainty in its accumulated wealth, such a requirement could not be fulfilled by a traditional DC pension plan if the pension delivery date is fixed. Therefore, rather than focus on the accumulated wealth at a specified retirement age, this study investigates the likely retirement age of DC participants if they hoped to maintain a fixed standard of living once they have retired, which will sustain them till death. Based on the simulated output of a DC flexible age of retirement model, we decide upon the optimal investment strategies. We then examine the demographic dynamics in an entire population of DC pension plan participants. The conclusions drawn demonstrate the significant role the market plays in the effectiveness of the DC pension plan scheme's success or failure. There is a high level of uncertainty in the age of retirement of each DC participant, regardless of his or her investment strategy. Furthermore, there are large retirement age discrepancies between the DC participants in different cohorts, despite their identical characteristics. We find that, even when we allow for a wide range of investment strategies amongst the members, the ratio of retirees to workers varies significantly over time. This suggests that countries dominated by DC schemes of this type may, over time, be exposed to significant risk in the size of its labour force.


1 Four O-acylated flavonol glycosides, new in the plant kingdom, were isolated from the needles of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR and MS data as: daglesioside I [kaempferol 3-O-[2'',5''-O-(4''',4IV-dihydroxy)-β- truxinoyl]-α-L-arabinofuranoside] (), daglesioside II [kaempferol 3-O-[2'',5''-O-(4'''- hydroxy)-β-truxinoyl]-α-L-arabinofuranoside] (2), daglesioside III [kaempferol 3-O-[2'',5''- di-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl]-α-L-arabinofuranoside] (3), and daglesioside IV [kaempferol 3-O-[3'',6''-di-O-(E)-cinnamoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside] (4). In addition, the known fl avonoids (E)-tiliroside, (E)-ditiliroside, astragalin (kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin were identifi ed. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1 and 3 was evaluated towards the HL-60, HeLa, and MDA-MB468 cell lines.


Abstract It is has been argued that there is a problem with moral testimony: testimony is deferential, and basing judgments and actions on deferentially acquired knowledge prevents them from having moral worth. What morality perhaps requires of us, then, is that we understand why a proposition is true, but this is something that cannot be acquired through testimony. I argue here that testimony can be both deferential as well as cooperative, and that one can acquire moral understanding through cooperative testimony. The problem of moral testimony is thus not a problem with testimony generally, but a problem of deferential testimony specifically.


A total of 36 samples of 2n = 54 and 2n = 60 cytotypes of Nannospalax xanthodon, distributed in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, were analyzed for the first time by using inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) technique. The analysis revealed 112 ISSR bands, 101 of which were polymorphic. Seven ISSR primers ((AG)8 T, (GGAGA)5, (GACA)4, (TG)8 A, (CAG)5 GC, (CAG)4 AC and (GA)8 AC)) were optimized from total 20 primers. (AG)8 T and (GA)8 AC primers were most informative to distinguish cytotypes by producing specific bands for 2n = 54 and 2n = 60. The cytotypes in genetically close relationships were separated into three different groups by UPGMA cluster analysis, in which, the highest genetic diversity was measured for 2n = 60. Our results showed that ISSR markers can be used as a simple and reliable molecular tool, for the estimation of genetic diversity in cytotypes of Nannospalax at low range genetic distances. How to cite this article: Ya c T., Șen E., Gurbanov R.R. 2018. Using ISSR markers in determination of genetic relationship between 2n = 54 and 2n = 60 cytotypes of Nannospalax xanthodon (Nordmann, 1840) (Mammalia, Rodentia) from Central Anatolia // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.17. No.2. P.100–107. doi: 10.15298/ rusjtheriol.17.2.06


This paper summarized the development of veterinary ectoparasites insecticides.Some problems existing were discussed.The formulations of veterinary ectoparasites pesticides were put forward.Finally,the future of veterinary ectoparasites insecticides howe beer predicted.


In observational clinic registries, time to treatment is often of interest, but treatment can be given at any time during follow-up and there is no structure or intervention to ensure regular clinic visits for data collection. To address these challenges, we introduce the time-dependent propensity process as a generalization of the propensity score. We show that the propensity process balances the entire time-varying covariate history which cannot be achieved by existing propensity score methods and that treatment assignment is strongly ignorable conditional on the propensity process. We develop methods for estimating the propensity process using observed data and for matching based on the propensity process. We illustrate the propensity process method using the Emory Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Registry data.


Coverage of: * Reorganisation of Scottish local government from 1 April 1996 * Creation of 3 new water authorities * Creation of new Scottish Children's Reporter Administration


A ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting cysteine was designed and synthesized based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process.


The Metamaterial based antenna is designed for some improvement in the performance of directivity gain, return loss and size of circuit area. A patch antenna has been designed and fabricated to operate at 3.19 GHz. In this paper, a geo-textile material that is polypropylene based metamaterial loaded wearable + shaped microstrip patch antenna for radio astronomy, microwave devices, radar, communication, satellite television broadcasting, DBS ,public safety band and amateur radio is presented. Under unloaded condition of + shaped microstrip patch antenna, poor matching is observed in the radar, satellite TV. Further, this antenna is loaded with metamaterial split ring resonators (SRRs). This loading provides better matched condition in the above applications. In loading condition, the antenna resonates at 3.19 GHz with the bandwidth and gain of 50 MHz and 3.8 dBi respectively. The electrical dimension of the proposed wearable antenna is 0.239 λ x 0.244 λ. The antenna is tested, and the measured results are presented in the paper. Desired Patch antenna design is initially simulated by using IE3D simulator and Patch antenna is realized as per design requirements.


Here we investigate the processes of accumulation and rotation in the generation of novelty by examining series generated by the accumulation of primes and approximations to the primes via progressive divisibility selections, and series generated by Riemann's equation. Riemann's zeta function is a re-encoding of the structure of the prime numbers. These studies indicate that the generation of primes is a fundamental example of causal creativity generated by biotic processes.


This is part of a series dealing with the formation of benzene from acetylene on iron clusters, Fenq+ (n=1–4, q=0,1). In this paper, we show that the formation of benzene from acetylene on Fe and Fen+ (n=1–4) is favorable from a thermodynamic point of view. We explain the variation of the rate constants observed for the successive adsorption of acetylene molecules on an iron cation and the experimental observations about the cyclodimerization of acetylene molecules in Fe(C2H2)2+ by referring to the spin conservation principle. Our results indicate that the complexes resulting from the cyclodimerization of Fen(C2H2)2+/Fe(C2H2)2 and Fen(C2H2)3+/Fe(C2H2)3(n=1–4) contain an n-C4H4 ligand (formation of a metallacycle) rather than a cyclobutadiene molecule. However, it is possible to observe the formation of cyclobutadiene from Fe(C2H2)2+ and Fe2(C2H2)3+ only if spin–orbit coupling is significant. A post-self-consistent-field method that includes a multideterminantal treatment is needed to get a quantitative en...


Embodiments of the present invention generally relates to a receiver. One embodiment, multiple sensors (e.g., antenna) to a digital FM (100) receiver having a (102, 104). In one embodiment, the digital receiver includes a baseband unit (116) having a channel processing unit. In one embodiment, the channel processing unit, prior to combining the input signal can be calculated or estimated the phase difference between them. In one embodiment, it uses a phase estimation method for diversity-combining signals, in other embodiments, utilizes a hybrid phase locked loop method. Also in the embodiment of the present invention, after the diversity combining, there is performed the echo cancellation. In another embodiment of channel processing units, by using a space-time units, the input signal, performs a diversity synthesis and echo cancellation. In another embodiment of the present invention, the input signals from multiple antennas are capable of passing through the baseband unit without being synthesized, in this case, the data format of the input signal may be different.


Objective:To study the conditions of isolation,cultivation,and to research the characteristics of proliferation,differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem cells(NSCs) in vitro.Methods:Embryonic hippocampus and subependymal layer tissues from embryonic rat(15-17d) was isolated.After being cultured for several days,these cells formed neuro-spheres in serum-free medium with epidermal growth factor(EGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(b-FGF),B27 and N2 supplement.Then these neuro-spheres were cloned and transferred by limiting dilution.Differentiated cells were identified by immunocytochemical method with type specific antibodies.Results:We could obtain many NSCs from rat embryonic brain tissues in vitro;they could be cultured and differentiated into neurons,astrocytes and oligodendrocytes;these cells stored in liquid nitrogen had the ability,too.Conclusions: Embryonic brain is rich of NSCs which have the ability of self-renewal and proliferation,and they remain the abilities to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes and oligodendrocytes when long-term cultured in serum-free medium.


We present a method of directly testing whether time is `grainy' on scales of 1 Mpc by the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (the VLTI). Based upon the S Ser result, nonetheless, it is already possible to conclude that there is no first order departure from exactness in time over intervals ~ 4.2E-40 s (~10^4 times longer than the Planck time).


Purpose of the Study: The University of Cape Coast in it bit to reduce graduate unemployment has introduced a university-wide entrepreneurship course for all non-business students. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the entrepreneurship course on their entrepreneurial intentions. Design/Methodology/Approach: Descriptive survey design was employed in the study. Based on the consecutive sampling technique, a sample of 1,200 students participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data. Findings: Results from the analysis showed influence of attitude (β = 0.321, p = 0.000) on entrepreneurial intention. Similarly, perceived behavioral control (β = 0.446, p = 0.000) also showed significant influence on entrepreneurial intention, whereas subjective norms (β = 0.032, p = 0.228), did not show any significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions. The overall joint significance of the antecedent factors explained 48% (r = 0.479, p < 0.01) of the variance in entrepreneurial intention. Research Limitations/Implications: The study sampled only non-business entrepreneurship students of the University of Cape Coast. The questionnaire was also administered after the students had gone through a semester course in entrepreneurship. Future research could look at a comparative study on entrepreneurial intention between the business and non-business students.


We investigate the magnetic properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium (Galfenol, Fe100−xGax, 10≤x≤25 at. %) nanowires with magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and using micromagnetic modeling software (magpar). Wires with diameters of 150 nm were fabricated in alternating multilayered structures with Fe-Ga and Cu having aspect ratios of ∼2 and ∼0.5, respectively, with the goal of minimizing the relative contribution of shape anisotropy to magnetic domain alignment. Micromagnetic simulations of isolated Fe-Ga segments with these dimensions predict that (1) at remanence, two opposing vortex structures will form at the ends of a Fe-Ga segment, with a single domain wall in the middle of the segment and (2) traditional magnetic dipoles will form at the ends of the segment to align with a large (saturation) external magnetic field. MFM results are presented that support these models. At remanence, no contrast is observed in the MFM phase images. Magnetic poles become evident at the ends of the Fe-Ga segments when...


One of the most important English-language discussions of Kant's moral philosophy is H. J. Paton's The Categorical Imperative. Since it is a defense of Kant, it has been particularly attended to by others who feel sympathetic to Kant's moral philosophy. Nevertheless the major interpretive claims of the book have been little discussed. I shall argue below that Paton's attempted defense of Kant on a central issue — the application of the first formulation of the categorical imperative — is not successful. I shall show, (1) that if Paton's Interpretation were an accurate account of Kant's views on this topic, then the categorical imperative, first formulation, could not be successfully applied. And I shall show (2) that it is not in fact a correct Interpretation of Kant.


We study the effect of correlation functions in the convergence of a harmonic oscillator basis, applied to the study of the 10ΛΛBe hypernucleus, considered as a four-body ααΛΛ system. We analyse the behaviour of the ground-state energy and separation distances between the constituent particles in terms of the basis size.


For the purpose of clearly knowing evaluation index system and evaluation standard of sports development level to realize sports super state,this study analyzed the index system by the methods of literature review,expert interview,Delphi method,AHP,and objective tree analysis. The results revealed that the evaluation framework of sports super state should include four structural systems which are target layer,criterion layer,element layer,and index layer. In China,to realize sports super state is the target; soft power and hard power of sports are the criterion; competitive sports,mass sports,sports industry,sports science and technology,sports education and sports culture are the elements; the constructed development level evaluation system includes 2 primary indexes,6 secondary indexes and 51 third indexes,and indexes' weight assignment and connotative interpretation of some indexes are carried out.


Reported instances' of abnormalities in
fishes are common 1-6, but in prawn it is
limited, Deshmukh and Kuber' have reported
a case of double rostrum in Parapenaeopsis
styli/era. Apart from this there is no other
published work on abnormalities in P.
styli/era, The present note deals Witll the
abnormal telson,


Similar to Armadillidiidae insects that roll into a ball as a key defense against predation, we employ a foldable design as a method for a quadrotor to protect its central sensitive components upon collision. The developed prototype successfully demonstrates the desired protective fold when passively activated by a mid-flight collision.


PURE bisulphid of carbon, when exposed to the sunlight for a considerable time becomes somewhat yellow. To study the changes thus produced, a large quantity of the bisulphid was enclosed in sealed tubes and exposed to the action of the sun. Decomposition took place gradually, and a brown insoluble substance was formed, which adhered so closely to the inner surface of the tubes that it could not be detached by vigorous shaking. This substance prevented the farther action of the sun's rays, and consequently the decomposition ceased. If water be present in the tubes, this adherence is prevented and a larger quantity of the brown substance is obtained. After an exposure of two or three months the tubes were opened. The water was slightly acid in its reaction, and, after being neutralized and concentrated, it showed a distinct reducing power upon salts of silver and mercury. Evidently therefore a trace offormic acid was produced, according to the following equation:


This research tests the simulated impact of Supreme Court decisions which allow for smaller than twelve-member juries. It identifies variation in judicial output that results from competing operating structures of jury decision making. The research employed a quasi-experimental design to address important problems of simulation, such as structural and functional verisimilitude. The sample consisted of 110 juries composed of nearly 1000 jurors. The findings indicate that a jury's size affects its behavior. Larger juries hang more often than smaller ones do. The degree to which this avoids the committing of a Type I or Type II judicial error remains to be seen; nevertheless, the Court was wrong in assuming that there are no differences in the behavior of twelveand six-member juries.


The on-line stacking effect of benzaldehyde in high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) based on the velocity difference of the solute on the different stationary phase was discussed by the coupling of two different stationary phases,using H2O and acetonitrile as mobile phase.The effective stacking was observed and the stacking factor increased with the increase of the velocity difference(the ratio of v1 to v2).Under the optimal experimental conditions,the stacking factor was 4.6,and the peak height increased 5.4-fold.The RSD of retention time,peak area,peak height and peak width at half peak height was 1.2%,4.2%,3.4% and 0.80%,respectively.Successful stacking was observed by the application of this stacking effect to the real sample in the monoamine oxidase(MAO) activity determination and the signal/noise(S/N) ratio increased 6.9-fold.In real sample determination,the RSD of retention time,peak area,peak height,peak width at half peak height,plate number and S/N was 0.12%,4.59%,5.01%,0.70%,1.24% and 4.65%,respectively,which indicated that the stacking effect can be successfully used in the real sample determination with improved sensitivity.


Context Within the three spheres occupied by children; the home, school and their local community, school is the arena in which children in Ireland feel least heard, with children having low expectations regarding opportunities to participate within this context (Horgan, Forde, Parkes, Martin, Mages, and O'Connell, 2015). The facilitation of children's participation has received considerable policy focus within the Irish context in recent years, however, there has been an emphasis on the development of structures and mechanisms that facilitate formal participation. An example of this can be seen in the National Strategy on Children and Young People's Participation in Decision-Making (Department of Children and Youth Affairs, 2015). This action plan focuses on the promotion of formal participatory mechanisms within the school context, such as a greater number of student councils and consultation with children within the school inspection process. Actions which aim to promote children's informal spontaneous participation within the school context are lacking within the strategy. While formal participatory mechanisms are essential in facilitating the collective voice of children, so too is the facilitation of individual children's meaningful participation within their everyday lives and interactions with others.


Hans-Georg Gadamer was a German philosopher most well known for his work on philosophical hermeneutics, which he developed in his magnum opus Truth and Method. Born in Marburg and continuing to live in Germany throughout his life, Gadamer was witness to the entire twentieth century, a century in which German politics often took center stage. Although Gadamer himself remained relatively apolitical, his work on hermeneutics is of central importance to ethics and political philosophy. This importance stems from Gadamer's account of the engagement and understanding that can be achieved with those works of art, texts, and individuals who are separated from us in time and/or tradition, for instance, Greek tragedies or Iranian mullahs. If, as some have suggested, the great political challenge of the twenty-first century is the understanding of the other, then we can expect Gadamer's philosophy to continue to play a key role in contemporary ethical and political thought.

Keywords:

ethics;
hermeneutics;
political philosophy


Objective To collect the histories of exposure to risk behavioral factors in patients with primary hypertension and hypertensive stroke,to measure the exposure proportions of case and control groups,in order to explore the behavioral factors associated with stroke in patients with primary hypertension,and to infer the risk behavioral factors of stroke so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of stroke.Methods The Health Promoting Profile Ⅱ(HPLPⅡ) was used for a questionnaire survey among patients with primary hypertension from two Third-Level Grade-A Hospitals in Guangzhou.The patients were divided as case-group and control group according to their ages,sexes and disease course.Unconditional Logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis.Results The risk factors for stroke onset entering the Logistic regression model were pulse pressure40 mm Hg,physical exercise,smoking,no medication of the prescribed dose,and irregular defecation,their OR values were respectively 0.198(95%CI(0.092,0.426)),7.515(95%CI(2.117,26.683)),7.588(95%CI(2.124,27.111)),12.814(95%CI(3.096,53.040)),4.446(95%CI(1.282,15.419)).Conclusion The physical exercise is a protective factor to delay the stroke for primary hypertensive patients,while the pulse pressure40 mm Hg,smoking,no medication of the prescribed dose,and irregular defecation are the risk factors.


Net metering has become one of the main policy instrument of choice for developing countries. This has the potential to enhance the percentage of solar energy in the power generation mix through the involvement of the customers. To plan for the maximum allowable solar power generation on a feeder wise basis, utilities will need candid information about the daytime loading demand profile on both feeder and customer wise basis to avoid reverse power flow to the transmission grid. While, the daily load power profile of a feeder may be readily available, load power profile of the consumers are not generally available. Until infrastructure of the distribution network is upgraded to have smart energy meters, the consumer load profile information will not be directly available to the utilities, except for month wise energy consumption billing data. This paper introduces a net metering planning strategy based on feeder load power profiles and individual consumer billing data. This work also suggests a way to predict daily load power profile of consumers from their monthly billing data. This planning procedure on one hand helps estimate the maximum size of the solar power installation on the whole feeder; on the other hand, it helps determine customer wise individual maximum power plant sizes that may be allowed for net metering connections by considering equity for all consumers to have a net metering connection. This opportunity for all consumers on the feeder to be able to own a feasible solar power plant will not only ensure financial savings for them but also availability of power in the absence of a grid power that is a frequent phenomenon in many countries.


This manuscript attempts to acquaint with the suitability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) especially Radial Basis Function RBF to predict water quality parameters. Search for optimal model parameters within RBF-NN is carried out in two steps, each of which can be made to be more efficient and much faster than in MLP. This study focused on electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and turbidity as the main water quality parameters for rivers. The employed model proved its capabilities to mimic the inter-relationship between such water quality parameters. Normalization and partitioning for the row data have been carried out to accelerate the training process and to achieve pre-defined Sum Square Error SSE equal to 10- 4 . The results show that the proposed RBF-NN after normalization and partitioning outperformed the linear regression model and achieve Mean Absolute Prediction Error MAPE equal to 8.3%.


A computer programme for the digitalis therapy developed by us was tested in 282 patients with heart insufficiency. It helps to control the course of the therapy, to establish the optimum fully effective dose of the individually determined glycoside sensitivity and to decrease significantly the danger of an overdosage.


Brood-parasitic cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, abandoning parental care to their hosts. Many host species have evolved defences to escape or reduce the costs associated with cuckoo parasitism. Superb Fairy-wrens Malurus cyaneus, which are a host to several cuckoo species in Australia, can distinguish cuckoo eggs based on their size or shape, or by using indirect cues such as the timing of egg laying or the presence of an adult cuckoo near the nest. They have previously been shown to reject cuckoo eggs by methods of egg burial or abandonment. These methods are likely to be costlier than ejecting the cuckoo egg from the nest (as seen in some other host species), because of the complete failure of the reproductive attempt, in addition to the costs associated with renesting. In this study, we document with photograph and video footage an incident of a Fan-tailed Cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis parasitising a nest of a Superb Fairy-wren in the Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra. Shortly after the parasitism event occurred, we recorded the female Fairywren returning to the nest and ejecting the single Cuckoo egg. To our knowledge, this footage represents the first evidence of ejection of a cuckoo egg in this species.


Predatory naticid gastropods typically attack other infaunal molluscs by drilling holes that record their activities in the shells of their prey. Other modes of naticid predation, which need not leave complete boreholes, have been noted in the literature and may complicate interpretation of the record of naticid predation in fossil and modern assemblages. 'Smothering' is an alternative form of predation that has never been defined clearly with respect to naticid gastropods. Feeding occurs in the absence of a completed drillhole; in most cases suffocation is implied, but reported deaths may be linked to an array of mechanisms (e.g. direct feeding, anaesthetizing mucus). We examine the pervasiveness of alternative modes of predation employed by naticids reported in the literature and offer recommendations regarding the terminology used in referring to such mechanisms. Because it is unclear if predatory behaviours such as suffocation are common in natural settings or are mostly artefacts of laboratory conditions such as insufficient substrate, we examined experimentally the influence of different sediment depths on drilling vs suffocation of Mercenaria mercenaria prey by Neverita duplicata. More than 99% (n ¼ 404) of the clams recorded as consumed in our experiments were drilled, regardless of sediment depth, with ,1% (n ¼ 3) noted as cases of potential suffocation. Our results indicate that shallower sediment depths do not affect drilling in this species. Analysis of previous studies indicates that prey health and other laboratory effects are likely responsible for many instances of suffocation reported in the literature. Thus concerns regarding use of drillholes as an indicator of predation by naticids in modern and fossil deposits should be alleviated. Future work on other alternative modes of predation by naticids, in both laboratory and field experiments, should focus on validating reported occurrences of such predation and identifying different mechanisms that may be involved.


In this work, Calculation of the formation constant of uranium (VI) complexes with leucine and isuleusine has been determined in the PH renges 1 to 3.5 and ionic strength in 0.1 mol/dm 3 sodium pherchlorate at 25+0.1 °C and wave lenghth of 250 to 285 nm (distance of 5 nm each) by potentiometry and spectrophotometric methods.The average values of logarithms of the stability constants for complexes of UO2 +2 with Leucine for models of MHL and (HL)2is equal to 2.76 and 5.12, respectively and for complexes of UO2 +2 with isoleucine, for models of MHL and M(HL)2is equal to 2.26 and 4.62 respectively.


Exploring literacy practices of home cooks, this article analyzes how cookbooks are remixed by users (with writings, clippings and other ephemera added to the text throughout its use). The practice of remixing the text with further editing by its user/audience illustrates the multilayered literacies at work in establishing authorship within the domestic space. The article builds its argument around one remixed cookbook as a case study, describing the remix-literate practices of the user, as the woman who used this cookbook remixed the text and genre to fit her needs and interests. This literacy practice is argued as a remix, which results in a transformation of the text itself and of the authority of the user. Both the original authorship (the act of compiling recipes from the church community) and the remixed authorship (the added ephemera and handwritten editing done by the user of this particular copy) are analyzed in tandem.


Four ornamental species were planted in pots as the experimental material.They respectively are:Photinia fraseri,Buxus sinica(Rehd.et Wils.)Cheng var.parvifolia M.Cheng,Ligustrum×vicaryi Hort.and Euonymus japonicus Thunb.Natural drought-rehydration treatment was carried out in greenhouses.Physiological indicators of plants under drought stress and nature watering were determined,such as superoxide anion production rate,malondialdehyde(MDA),activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)as well as hydrogen peroxide enzyme(CAT).Investigating the generation of active oxygen and its enzymatic elimination process under drought stress and its recovery after rehydration will help us understand plant adaptation strategies to adversity and provide theoretical guidance for the scientific management of ornamental plants.The results showed that:(1)Under nature drought process,O-·2 generating rates of P.fraseri increased after shortly declined,while B.sinica var.parvifolia,Ligustrum×vicaryi and E.japonicus declined after shortly rising.(2)MDA content increased in P.fraseri and B.sini-cavar.parvifolia with little change in Ligustrum×vicaryi and Euonymus japonicus.(3)SOD activity of all the four species increases,while CAT activity declined after firstly increased.No trends were found about POD activity.(4)After rehydration,generation rates of O-·2and MDA content of all the 4species declined.SOD activity of B.sinicavar.parvifolia,Ligustrum×vicaryi and E.japonicus increased while P.fraseri declined to control levels.CAT activity of Ligustrum×vicaryi increased,while all the other 3species declined.As the POD activity,B.sinicaincreases with all the other 3species declined.SOD and CAT activity promoted the elimination at first in P.fraseri.Different pathways for eliminating activated oxygen exist in the 4ornamental plants.Subordinate function was used to rank their drought tolerance and the order was:B.sinicavar.parvifoliaLigustrum×vicaryiE.japonicusP.fraseri.


Monotonous, less fun mathematics learning activities make students easily bored and not interested in participating in learning. Such learning does not train students' reasoning abilities. This study aims to analyse whether the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education approach assisted by interactive multimedia articulate storylines can overcome the lack of reasoning skills and self-confidence. This type of research is quantitative. The design of this research is quasi-experimental design. This study used data collection techniques including observation, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the normality test, homogeneity test, t-test, and ANOVA test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of using the Realistic Mathematics Education approach assisted with interactive multimedia articulate storylines on reasoning abilities and self-confidence.


The relativistic properties of the three-nucleon system are investigated using the Faddeev equations within the Bethe-Salpeter approach. The nucleon-nucleon interaction is chosen in a separable form. The Gauss quadrature method is used to calculate the integrals. The system of the integral equations is solved by an iterative method. The binding energy and the partial-wave amplitudes ( 1 S 0 and 3 S 1 ) of the triton are found.


When both the solar and view zenith direction approach horizontal, the reflected radiance at the top of the atmosphere, derived from the plain-parallel atmospheric radiative transfer equation, is different and it depends on the path how the incidence and reflected directions tend to be horizontal. This phenomenon under extreme condition is called limit discontinuity in mathematics. However, the discontinuity of the limits is contradictory to the physical nature of atmospheric radiative transfer and it is obtained by neglecting an implicit physics principles, the Snell's law. The Snell's law must be used in the radiative transfer algorithm for radiance under this extreme condition to avoid obtaining wrong results.


The chemistry of (..mu..-H)/sub 2/Rh/sub 2/(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 4/ with carbon monoxide is described. One equivalent of carbon monoxide irreversibly converted the dimer to (..mu..-H)/sub 2/Rh/sub 2/(..mu..-CO)(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 4/. The latter transformed slowly in solution to generate Rh/sub 2/(..mu..-CO)/sub 2/(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 4/ and a second species presumed to be a hydride. The 30-electron Rh/sub 2/(..mu..-CO)/sub 2/(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 4/ dimer reacted reversibly with carbon monoxide to give Rh/sub 2/(..mu..-CO)/sub 2/(CO)/sub 2/(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 4/; no fragmentation to mononuclear metal complexes in this reaction system was observed up to 70/sup 0/C. Excess carbon monoxide did however elicit a fragmentation of the 30-electron complex, (..mu..-H)/sub 2/Rh/sub 2/(..mu..-CO)(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 4/. Reaction was rapid to give HRh(CO)(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 3/ and HRh(CO)/sub 2/(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 2/. The chemical and dynamic solution properties of these two mononuclear species is described; the properties of HRh(CO)(P(0-i-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 3/)/sub 3/ diverge sharply for uranium and 16 other elements in sediments, and for uranium and 9 other elements in ground water. Mass spectrometry results are given for helium in ground water. Field measurements and observations are reported for each site. Analytical data and field measurements are presentedmore » in tables and maps. Uranium concentrations in the sediments which were above detection limits ranged from 0.10 t 51.2 ppM. The mean of the logarithms of the uranium concentrations was 0.53. A group of high uranium concentrations occurs near the junctions of quadrangles AB, AC, BB, a 200 mK. In case 2), x-ray studies of isotopic phase separation in /sup 3/He--/sup 4/He bcc solids were carried out by B. A. Fraass.« less


Distributed optic-fiber sensing technology based on coherent Rayleigh scattering can use optical fiber cable laying along with pipeline as vibration sensor, to give early-warning of the third-party threaten and even damage on oil and gas pipeline. First, an adaptive filtering is performed on the time-domain signals collected by all sensing units to make the preliminary judgment. Then, an advanced signal process method composed by convolutional neural network is proposed to extract the event areas and judge event categories. Field trial experiment results show that the system can effectively detect digging event with the recognition accuracy up to 97%.


Through the increasing importance of networking and use of participatory strategic planning approaches in the regional development practice, it seems that local and regional development theory moves from the concept of competitive advantages towards collaborative advantages. This conceptual move implies a redefinition of inter- and intra-institutional relations of the public and private sector, and therefore, calls for defining new forms of governance. The exploration of the concept of collaborative advantages might contribute to a better understanding of the relations between the European concepts of competition and cohesion. As networking in various forms and creation of collaborative advantages requires significant "coordination†of multiple development actors and activities across different territorial levels, a broad spectrum of research questions can be opened. This research paper is focussed on the problem of coordination, which is often mentioned as one of the main problems of local and regional development. Before any development activity can be coordinated, some preconditions have to be fulfilled, namely development actors have to be willing to communicate and to cooperate. Only then collaboration in the implementation of concrete development activities might occur. This process involves formal and informal institutional relationships, as well as multi-level governance. The main goal of this research paper is to explain and define the concept of collaborative advantages and coordination in the context of regional development policy. In Addition, a conceptual policy coordination model that combines horizontal and vertical relationships between the main development actors, while planning and implementing local and regional development activities, is presented. The regional development policy coordination model is developed on the basis of recent insights into regional, institutional, organizational and planning theories and practice. It is tested on the basis of the institutional framework and strategic planning experiences in Croatia, particularly in the context of the future integration into the European Union. The results indicate that the model is applicable in other countries and it contributes to a better understanding of institutional relationships in coordinating regional development activities and creating collaborative advantages.


Fitness awareness and active participation in acts of physical training is a reflection of our consciousness.The right of fitness awareness and behaviour from the deep understanding of the significance of fitness and exercise play a positive role in promoting.With the improvement of living standards,the growth of secondary school students have improved significantly,especially high school students more prominent.High school students learn life is very tense and therefore enhance the awareness of physical training,to develop a good physical training for high school students after the act of learning and life is essential.Through this inspection through literature and survey methods,the Haikou City high school students to investigate,according to survey results further rationalization proposals,the promotion of school sports and the smooth implementation of education provide a useful reference.


Abstract The respiration-driven proton translocation has been measured with the oxygen pulse method and whole cells of the carbon monoxide (CO)-insensitive bacterium Pseudomonas carboxydovorans . → H + /O ratios of 5 to 6 were determined with endogenous substrates, pyruvate or hydrogen. In the presence of 100% CO → H + /O ratios were lowered to about 4. The results indicate that the Co-sensitive electron transport via the cytochromes c and a conserves more energy than the CO-insensitive electron transport via the alternative pathway with cytochrome o as terminal oxidase. The CO-sensitive a -type cytochrome was found to translocate 2 protons per oxygen atom reduced, thus accounting for the difference of the energy yield of the CO-sensitive and the CO-insensitive electron transport in P. carboxydovorans .


Mixed and Augmented Reality displays extend the user's perception with computer generated information. This information is typically registered in three-dimensional space, and related to objects and places in the physical world. While individual annotation of objects has historically been a topic of MR research, visualization incorporating multiple related data points or models provides a variety of new research challenges in systems and techniques. For example, photorealistic augmented reality visualization presents data by adapting additionally presented imagery to the real world condition while illustrative visualization techniques aim at enhancing the understanding of augmented scenarios by carefully combining and mediating real and virtual data. Situated visualization techniques present virtual representations of data in relevant locations in the physical scene. A challenge in many of these techniques is the need to correctly communicate the relationships between physical imagery and virtual data.


ABSTRACT International development volunteering (IDV) is the practice of sending skilled international volunteers to exchange knowledge and skills with community-based organisations and individuals in a partner country. IDV is a popular form of development assistance in many countries. As the popularity of these programmes grows, so too does the need for – and interest in – better understanding of their impacts and dynamics. Scholar/practitioner research collaborations provide opportunities for improved knowledge development in this field of study. To better understand the dynamics of these collaborations, researchers collected survey data from 22 scholars and practitioners involved in IDV research, as well as notes from a workshop with 40 stakeholders from the IDV community. Thematic analysis of these data considers the distinctive features of collaboration models used in IDV research. Taken together, these data identify several benefits to collaboration and/or research partnerships as well as significant challenges that limit the scope and impact of their work. The findings from this study provide insights into opportunities for enhancing effective practices and designing new collaborative efforts for engaging in scholar/practitioner collaboration in IDV.


(Viking, 1981) 1982 Thomas M. Greene, Yale University, for The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (Yale Univ. Press, 1982) Honorable mention: Raymond E. Fitch, Ohio University, for The Poison Sky: Myth and Apocalypse in Ruskin (Ohio Univ. Press, 1982) 1983 Stephen G. Nichols, Jr., University of Pennsylvania, for Romanesque Signs: Early Medieval Narrative and Iconography (Yale Univ. Press, 1983) 1984 V. A. Kolve, University of Virginia, for Chaucer and the Imagery of Narrative: The First Five Canterbury Tales (Stanford Univ. Press, 1984) 1985 Joel Fineman, University of California, Berkeley, for Shakespeare's Perjured Eye: The Invention of Poetic Subjectivity in the Sonnets (Univ. of California Press, 1985) Honorable mention: Jane Gallop, Rice University, for Reading Lacan (Cornell Univ. Press, 1985) 1986 Joseph Frank, Institute for Advanced Studies and Stanford University, for Dostoevsky: The Stir of Liberation, 1860-1865 (Princeton Univ. Press, 1986) 1987 Michael McKeon, Rutgers University, for The Origins of the English Novel, 1600-1740 (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1987) 1988 Stephen Greenblatt, University of California, Berkeley, for Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England (Univ. of California Press, 1988) 1989 Denis Hollier, Yale University, with R. Howard Bloch, Peter Brooks, Joan DeJean, Barbara Johnson, Philip Lewis, Nancy Miller, Francois Rigolot, and Nancy J. Vickers, editors, for A New History of French Literature (Harvard Univ. Press, 1989) Honorable mention: Charles Bemheimer, University of Pennsylvania, for Figures of III Repute: Representing Prostitution in Nineteenth-Century France (Harvard Univ. Press, 1989) Honorable mention: Ronald Paulson, Johns Hopkins University, for Breaking and Remaking: Aesthetic Practice in England, 1700-1820 (Rutgers Univ. Press, 1989) 1990 Fredric Jameson, Duke University, for Postmodernism; or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Duke Univ. Press, 1990) Honorable mention: Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Duke University, for Epistemology of the Closet (Univ. of California Press, 1990) 1991 Sacvan Bercovitch, Harvard University, for The Office o/The Scarlet Letter (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1991) 1992 Richard Helgerson, University of California, Santa Barbara, for Forms of Nationhood: The Elizabethan Writing of England (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1992) Honorable mention: Kwame Anthony Appiah, Harvard University, for In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture (Oxford Univ. Press, 1992) Honorable mention: Mary Louise Pratt, Stanford University, for Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (Routledge, 1992) 1993 Eric J. Sundquist, University of California, Los Angeles, for To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature (Harvard Univ. Press, 1993)


level, the so called "knowledge level" [45]. This level allows to describe reasoning in terms of goals to be achieved, actions necessary to achieve these goals and knowledge needed to perform these actions. A knowledge-level description abstracts from details concerned with the implementation of the system. A similar separation is done in software engineering where the description at the knowledge level corresponds to the specification of the system, which is clearly separated from its design and implementation. Let us consider Heuristic classification in some more detail (Figure 2). First observables are abstracted maybe over several levels to abstract observables, e.g. the observable "410 C temperature" may be abstracted to "high temperature". These abstracted observables are matched to a solution class, e.g. "infection", and finally the solution class is hierarchically refined to a solution, e.g. the disease "influenca". It turned out that Heuristic Classification may be used for specific tasks independently of the domain at hand. For instance it may be used to diagnose diseases in the same way as it may be used to diagnose faults in cars. In the meantime a lot more such generic inference patterns, called problem-solving methods (PSM) , have been identified: Cover-and-Differentiate for diagnosis [38], Propose-and-Revise [39] for parametric design, SkeletalPlan-Refinement for hierarchical planning etc. A description and taxonomy of different PSMs may be found in [56],[41]. PSMs may be exploited in the knowledge engineering process in different ways: • PSMs imply a classification of tasks. An experienced knowledge engineer is able to select an appropriate PSM for the task to be solved. So PSMs are an important concept for the way knowledge engineers think and thus for educating knowledge engineers. For this reason a set of semi-formally described PSMs together with the tasks they are applicable to is described in [8]. For different kinds of diagnosis PSMs are described in [5]. • PSMs contain actions which need specific knowledge in order to perform their task. For instance, Heuristic Classification needs a hierarchical classification of observables and solutions. A PSM generically describes the different roles which are played by different kinds of domain knowledge during the problem solving process. For instance the role "observables" may be instantiated by "patient data". So a PSM may be used as a guideline to acquire static domain knowledge and additional domain specific problem-solving knowledge like heuristics and constraints. Based on this idea powerful knowledge acquisition tools may be developed which allow to acquire exactly the knowledge needed by the PSM. In many cases the acquisition of domain knowledge and the creation of the PSM is an incremental process: First a PSM for the top-level task is selected. This guides the acquisition of additional knowledge which in turn leads to the selection of PSMs for the sub-tasks etc. [70]. • A PSM allows to describe the main rationale of the reasoning process of a kbs. First, this supports the validation of the kbs, because the expert is able to understand the problem solving process. Second, it may be used for documentation purposes and thus eases the maintenance process. Third, this abstract information may be used during the problem solving process itself for explanation facilities. • The problem solving process itself may be kept flexible by dynamically choosing an appropriate PSM for the actually to be solved (sub-)task [9]. So for every possible (sub-)task the system designer describes a set of alternative PSMs, which solve this subtask. Dependent on application conditions the best PSM for the case at hand is choosen during the problem solving process. • A PSM may be a component to be reused in different systems. Thus it is not left only to the experience of the knowledge engineer, which PSM may be able to solve the task at hand. Instead a library of PSMs described in an appropriate representation formalism should be available in order to support technical reuse of PSMs. PSMs may be reused on different levels. Reusing PSMs described at the knowledge level resembles reusing specification components in SE. Reusing PSMs at the code level is comparable to the idea of source-code libraries in SE [30]. In the same way as in SE reuse allows to reduce the modeling and implementation effort and improves the quality (in the sense of software quality criteria) of the resulting kbs. Some work is in progress to identify the assumptions and limitations of a PSM [17]. This knowledge is necessary to match features of the task to features of the PSM and thus to support the selection process of PSMs. In future this may perhaps enable the partial automation of the selection process. • PSMs (or combinations of PSMs) may be used as a skeletal description of the design model of the kbs. If the kbs is realized preserving this structure, the final implementation of the kbs reflects this conceptual structure. observables abstract solution solution abstract refine match class observables Figure 2: Heuristic Classification "In simple terms this means analysis is not simply interested in what happens, as in conventional systems, but with how and why."[7]. The last difference between "traditional" systems and kbs is a rather technical point. In kbs most knowledge is represented explicitly, whereas in "traditional" systems a high amount of knowledge is compiled into the algorithms. In domains where this knowledge changes rapidly (e.g. configuring computer systems) the explicit representation has especially advantages for the maintenance of the system. Nevertheless we don ́t think there is a sharp border line which clearly allows to classify systems as either to be a "traditional" system or to be a kbs. In contrast we think that both mark different points on a scale and that the transition between both is fluent. In this paper we present methods from the area of KE, which we think may be useful for SE, and we will outline deficiencies in the actual methods of KE, where we think KE could learn from SE. The paper is structured as follows. In section 2 principles and methods from KE, which could be beneficial for SE as well, are presented. Some well-known approaches of KE, incorporating these ideas are described in section 3. Some areas, in which in our opinion KE could profit from SE, are discussed in section 4. Finally, in section 5, we summarize and draw a conclusion. 2 Knowledge Engineering: Principles and Methods In the following some of the main principles and methods which influence the existing KE approaches are presented. 2.1 KE as a Modeling Process "This transfer and transformation of problemsolving expertise from a knowledge source to a program is the heart of the expert-system development process." [25] In earlier days the development of a kbs has been seen as a transfer process of knowledge from the head of the expert into the computer system (Figure 1). It was assumed that the knowledge in the kbs is best structured in the same way as in the expert ́s head. Nowadays this process of building a kbs is seen as a modeling activity . Building a kbs means building a computer model with the aim of imitating an expert ́s approach. It is not intended to create a cognitive adequate model, i.e. to simulate the cognitive processes of an expert in general, but to create a model which offers similar results in problem-solving for problems in the area of concern. While the expert may consciously articulate some parts of his or her knowledge, he or she will not be aware of a significant part of this knowledge since it is hidden in his or her skills. This knowledge is not directly accessible by interviews but only by observing the expert and interpreting these observations. Therefore this knowledge acquisition process is no longer seen as a transfer of knowledge into an appropriate computer representation, but as a generation of a model of the knowledge by the observer ([11],[42]). This also reflects the two different roles of the model. On the one hand, the model is a result of the knowledgegenerating process. It is gained by observing and interpreting the expert's behaviour. On the other hand, its role becomes a precondition for the further process. The model consists of a number of hypotheses about the experts behaviour, which have to be validated by additional observations. In this case, the already existing model serves as a basis for gathering and interpreting new observations. This modeling view of the building process of a kbs has the following consequences: • Like every model, such a model cannot reflect reality in general, but is only valid for a concrete purpose, i.e. it can only approximate the desired behaviour. In principle, the modeling process is infinite, because it is an incessant activity with the aim of approximating the model to the intended behaviour. • The modeling process is a cyclic process. New observations may lead to a refinement, modification, or completion of the already built-up model. On the other side the model may guide the further acquisition of knowledge. • The modeling process is dependent on the interpretation of the observations made by the observer. Therefore this process is very faulty and a feedback by reality in the cyclic process is indispensable for the creation of an adequate model. According to this feedback the model must therefore be revisable in every stage of the modeling process. 2.2 Problem Solving Methods In [10] Clancey analysed a set of first generation expert systems developed to solve different tasks, e.g. diagnosis. Though they were realized using different representation formalisms (e.g. production rules, frames, lisp) he discovered a common problem solving behaviour. Clancey was able to abstract this common behaviour to a generic inference pattern called Heuristic Classification, which describes the dynamic behaviour of these s


The sports of workers,under the impact of market economy,can no longer regain the splendor of the past.For the healthy conditions of Chinese workers,it is important that"The Plan of National Exercises and Fitness"be put into practice and carry on under the conditions of the market economy.This is a subject of great importance.This paper discusses the current situation of Chinese workers' sports in the transitional peri- od and suggest that the single mode of separate internal management of sports event in individual organizations be abolished to expand new ways of development in keeping with the market economy.


The aim of this study was to compare the results of hernioplasty in patients with uncomplicated umbilical hernias of different sizes, operated from the open and laparoscopic approaches. The article presents the results of the surgical treatment of 55 patients. The 1st group consisted of patients operated through the open transumbilical (n=30) approach. The 2nd group consisted of patients operated on laparoscopically (n=25). Comparative assessment of the two groups according to the postoperative pain syndrome, local infectious complications, length of hospitalization and recurrence was performed. The observation period ranged from 6 months to 5 years. The duration of surgical intervention in the 1st group was 43 min. while in the 2nd 67 min. The severity of postoperative pain syndrome by the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the group with transumbilical access on the first day was 5 points, and the second only 2 points. The patients operated on with a laparoscopic access, on the first day experienced the pain syndrome at a score of 4 according to VAS, on the second day the pain intensity was 2 points. Local infectious complications such as seromas were identified only in the transumbilical access group (3.3%). The duration of hospital stay of the patients was 6 and 5 days in the 1st and 2nd groups respectively. Relapse was detected only in one patient (3,3%) operated on through a transumbilical access. It was concluded that the transumbilical access in the treatment of uncomplicated umbilical hernias of small and medium sizes is an alternative laparoscopic access. It was established that in the treatment of large uncomplicated umbilical hernias the laparoscopic access is preferable.


The results of measurements of some parameters of the receiving and transmitting antennas which have been carried out in an anechoic chamber, are represented. Thus the influence of overall dimensions and frequency properties of this chamber on measured performances of antennas was taken into account.


In this paper, we introduce our recent studies on fluid-structure interaction in ocean engineering, which include hydroelastic analysis of very large floating structures, hydroelastic analysis of general floating structures, and hydroelastic analysis of submersed floating tunnels. We focus on developing numerical procedures for hydroelastic behaviors of various floating bodies. The analysis methods are based on boundary element method (BEM) for surrounding fluids and finite element method (FEM) for floating structures. The direct-coupled formulations for fluid-structure interaction problems were derived and implemented. Various numerical examples were solved and also experimental studies were performed to validate the numerical methods developed.


The present invention relates to a device for administering at least one probe is connected for fluid delivery, the administration means comprising at least two line elements extending coaxially, and a supply tubing set, tubing set includes a supply line elements extending in at least two parallel, in the surgical instrument, especially a gripping element frozen surgical instrument in the following manner, in a connected state, each supply line element with at least one associated fluid line Unicom administered elements, thereby providing a fluid-diverting element, which It is arranged or can be arranged in the gripping element, and for administration of a fluid connection line connecting region administration communication line element, and communicates with the supply line for the fluid supply line connecting region of the connecting element, the at least two transmission lines the steering element is designed as a fluid element integral member, which is administered via a communication line connecting region administered with fluid line connecting region.


ABSTRACT This research is entitled "Lexical Taxonomy of Food in English and Sundanese (A Contrastive Analysis)". The objectives of this research are to identify, classify and describe the lexical taxonomy of food and to analyze the similarities and differences of food taxonomy used in both languages. This research uses a descriptive method. There are three steps to finish this research, the first step is preparation. In this step, the writer reads some books about lexical taxonomy. The second step is data collection. In this step, the writer collets the kinds of food that include in lexical taxonomy in English and Sundanese. The third step is data analysis. In this step, the writer identifies, classifies, and describes the data about lexical taxonomy in English and Sundanese according to Frisch in Hickerson (1980:120) theory and then the writer uses Lado's (1957:114) theory to contrast the data of both languages. The results show that in solid and liquid foods, there are several types of food, such as: rice, fruits, vegetables, bread, meat, fish/seafood, processed food, alcoholic beverages and non-alcoholic beverages. The second results show that the lexical taxonomy of food has variation. For example, in English, the variety of food is bread and in Sundanese the variety of food is rice, because bread and rice are the main food. Whereas, the lack variety of food is tuak , because it only has one kind of alcoholic drink. The findings of this research support the theory of Frisch in Hickerson and Lado. Keywords: Lexical Taxonomy of Food, English and Sundanese, Frisch in Hickerson, Lado.


Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a traumatic experience such as an earthquake has any effect on the probability of suicide, especially in those who seem psychologically healthy. Prevention and support parameters are evaluated. Method: Two groups of thirty-five people each were compared regarding their probability of committing suicide. One group had experienced an earthquake and the other had not. A Suicide Probability Scale and a questionnaire on the socioeconomic and health status of the groups were used.


The paper develops a version of modal logic that stays completely within the framework provided by quantum principles, and then proves, within the framework of quantum thinking, and in particular without invoking "hidden variables", a Bell-type nonlocality result.


With one of the newest and most technologically advanced fleets in the world, Pacific Drilling has grown into a successful, premium drilling contractor. Its stateof-the-art, high-specification drillships benefit from a proven design and highly developed construction technologies. The company currently has nearly 1000 employees at locations that range from the corporate offices in Houston, TX, to branch offices in Brazil, Nigeria, and Luxembourg.


The traditional impact analysis method for the economic development of marine industries does not consider the impact weight of different marine industries, which leads to an unsatisfactory effect on sustainable development after the optimized management of resources. Therefore, a new method is designed to solve the above problems; by analyzing the scale, hierarchical system, and optimizing the spatial resource framework of the marine industry, the influence of different marine industries is comprehensively measured, and the final demand dependency of the marine industry economy is obtained. The comprehensive index system is designed to evaluate the economic development of the marine industry, and the linear weighted sum method is used to calculate the sustainable development degree of marine industry economy in different regions. The results show that the final evaluation score of the marine biological industry in Shandong Province is 64.97, which is affected by comprehensive factors. The scores of capital and environmental governance are between 84.03 and 82.87, respectively, which are the main factors to achieve sustainable development. After the optimization of this method, the demand dependence of relevant regions is reduced, and the sustainable development level is effectively improved, indicating that the sustainable state of this method is better. The resource optimization path given by the research can be further applied to the construction process of marine and industrial economic development in other provinces and cities so as to comprehensively improve the quality and effect of marine economic growth.


Abstract Use of humectants to improve the thermal-sprayed zinc anode performance during the cathodic protection (CP) of reinforced concrete was examined. A humectant is a hygroscopic material. It i...


Carcinogenic Effects ofBHT The hindered phenolic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT(3,5-d-t-butyl. 4-hydroxytoluene), is a widely used food additive. The general toxicology of BHThas been reviewed (Babich, 1982; Malkinson, 1983; Kahl, 1984, Ito et al., 1985, Grice, 1986). BHT is considered to be a "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) substance, not likely to have any untoward effects in man below the acceptable daily intake level of 0.05 mg/kg of body weight. Concerns about a possible carcinogenic effect of BHT have been raisedon several occasions. A clear-cut carcinogenic effect forBHT has never been unequivocally demonstrated. In the mouse lung tumor assay, BHTdid notelicita positive response (Stoner et al., 1973). In a bioassay of BHT for carcinogenicity in F344 rats and B6C3Fl mice it was found that alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas occurred at significant incidence in the lowerdose group (mice exposed to 0.3% of BHT in the diet), but not in the higher dosegroup (NIH, 1979). In 2 laterstudies, noevidence was found for carcinogenicity of BHTat dietary doses ranging from 0.02% to 1.0% in Wistar rats or in B6C3Fl mice (Hirose et al., 1981; Shirai et al., 1982). A chronic feeding study with BHTin rats appeared to suggest hepatocarcinogenic potential for BHT. The interpretation of the study was confounded by a significantly increased lifespan in the BHT fed animals, since at the time of appearance of the liver tumors most control animals already had died (Wurtzen and Olson, 1986). BHT in the diet did enhance the development of tumors in mouse strains having a particularly high background in spontaneously occurring tumors: liver tumors in C3H mice (Lindenschmidt et al., 1986) and in B6C3Fl mice (Inai et al., 1988) and lung tumors in NJ mice (Witschi, 1985) or inbred Swiss mice (Maru and Bhide, 1982). In mouse skin, BHT is devoid of tumor initiating activity (Sato et al., 1987). Altogether, results of the different studies do not tend to implicate BHTas a carcinogenic agent. However, they do leave someunresolved doubts about its safety (Blumenthal, 1986).


The purpose of this thesis analyzed the economic efficiency of Hybrid solar power plant. We first investigated the definition and necessity of new and renewable energy, market prospects, and government's policies to expand related facilities via mandatory RPS(Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard) pol...


We present GraphTensor, a comprehensive open-source framework that supports efficient parallel neural network processing on large graphs. GraphTensor offers a set of easy-to-use programming primitives that appreciate both graph and neural network execution behaviors from the beginning (graph sampling) to the end (dense data processing). Our framework runs diverse graph neural network (GNN) models in a destination-centric, feature-wise manner, which can significantly shorten training execution times in a GPU. In addition, GraphTensor rearranges multiple GNN kernels based on their system hyperparameters in a self-governing manner, thereby reducing the processing dimensionality and the latencies further. From the end-to-end execution viewpoint, GraphTensor significantly shortens the service-level GNN latency by applying pipeline parallelism for efficient graph dataset preprocessing. Our evaluation shows that GraphTensor exhibits 1.4× better training performance than emerging GNN frameworks under the execution of large-scale, real-world graph workloads. For the end-to-end services, GraphTensor reduces training latencies of an advanced version of the GNN frameworks (optimized for multi-threaded graph sampling) by 2.4×, on average.


OBJECTIVE To understand the characteristics and trends of webpage-reported traffic accidents in China and inform internet-based intervention and research against the epidemic.METHODS Traffic accidents reported by web pages during August 2011 to July 2012 were retrieved via SOSO search engine.The retrieved news was then screened manually for qualified reports and each qualified report was surveyed,again manually by trained researchers using a self-designed webpage questionnaire.RESULTS 1 725 eligible reports were solicited involving at least 5 981 casualties.The reports came from 387 websites with SOHU being the largest source.Guangdong,Jiangsu and Zhejiang were the 4 most frequent provinces being referred as accident whereabouts.6-11 AM and 14-16 PM turned out to be peak time of the accidents.The majority(66.2%) of the accidents involved two parties.The principal responsible vehicles were car(37.2%) and truck(28%).34.7% of the accidents happened on downtown roads.47.05% of the accidents caused at least one casualty.Main causes for the accidents included drunk driving,speeding,rain and technical failure.CONCLUSION Webpage traffic accident news conveys valuable information and merits further attention and research.


A simulator and an assembler for a basic computer was developed and used in our Computer Systems course. It is a complete system with an input register, an output register, an input flag, an output...


Cryogenics or deep freezing have been around for quite some time. There is documented research from as far back as the 1930's where German companies used it on components of jumbo aircraft engines. Cryogenic processing had its US origins in the 1940s. Cold treatments or sub zero treatments are done to make sure there is no retained austenite during quenching. Cryogenics is a relatively new process and to eliminate retained austenite, the temperature has to be lowered, but one that using correct procedures can bring substantial economic benefits. In cryogenic treatment the material is to be deep freeze temperatures of as low as -185°C (-301 ). The austenite is unstable at this temperature and the whole structure become martensite. This is the region to use cryogenic treatment. Processing is not a substitute for heat treating if the product is properly treated or if the product is over heated during remanufacturing or if it is over stressed during use. Cryogenic processing will not in itself harden metal like quenching and tempering, it is an additional treatment to heat-treating. The benefits of this process includes; reduction of abrasive and adhesive wear, improved machining properties resulting from the permanent change of the structure of the metal, reduction of the frequency and cost of tool remanufacturing and reduction of likelihood of catastrophic tool failure due to stress fracture. In the present study, the cryogenic technique is applied by exposing the steel to deep freezing environment (-320°F) for 24 hours and slowly raised to room temperature. The results are correlated with standard results. Cryogenic processing makes changes to the structure of the materials being treated and dependent on the composition of the material, it performs three things; viz. retained austenite turned to martensite, carbide structures are refined and stress is relieved.


Logic is foundational in the assessment of philosophy and the validation of theology. In 1931 Kurt Gödel derailed Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica by showing logically that any set of consistent axioms will eventually yield unknowable propositions. Gödel did so by showing that, otherwise, the formal system would be inconsistent. Turing, in the fi rst celebrated application of Gödelian ideas, demonstrated the impossibility of writing a computer program capable of examining another arbitrary program and announcing whether or not that program would halt or run forever. He did so by showing that the existence of a halting program can lead to self-refuting propositions. We propose that, through application of Gödelian reasoning, there can be, at most, one being in the universe omniscient over all other beings. This Supreme Being must by necessity exist or have existed outside of time and space. The conclusion results simply from the requirement of a logical consistency of one being having the ability to answer questions about another. The existence of any question that generates a selfrefuting response is assumed to invalidate the ability of a being to be all-knowing about the being who was the subject of the question.


The utility model provides a demonstration instrument for force composition and resolution, comprising a base, a supporting bar, a chassis, a gravity device, a force measuring device, pulley wheels, a force collecting ring, a weight and a center nail. One end of the supporting bar is fixed on the base, the other end fixes the chassis to make the chassis be perpendicular to the base, the gravity device and two pulley wheels are fixed on the chassis, the positions of which can be regulated around the circumference of the chassis, the gravity device is connected to the force measuring device through a cable and then is connected to one pull hook of the force collecting ring, the weight is also connected to the other pull hook of the force collecting ring through the cable which is hanged on the pulley wheels, and a coordinatograph with central points and circumferential scales can be moved and is fixed on the chassis. The demonstration instrument doesn't need to regulate the size and direction of the force when used and emphasizes the generality of the rule of the parallelogram so as to avoid the students' misunderstanding and be favourable for the student's study, and the utility model makes the teaching directly go into the main subject, stands out the main point of the teaching, shortens the teaching time, is compatible with the using method of the original instrument and makes the teaching have big flexibility.


© Abstract: This study aimed at assessing the husbandry practices and evaluating the impact of feed optimization on productive performances and reproductive disorders of dairy cows. The study was conducted on purposefully selected 76 and 16 dairy farms for pre-and post-intervention study, respectively, from Harar and Dire Dawa cities. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaires and focused group discussion starting from October 2018 to September 2020. Commonly used feeds were standardized to the cows' requirement. Milk yield was recorded every day for four consecutive months while milk composition was evaluated every month. Data analysis was done by SPSS, one-way ANOVA, and t-Test. The pre-intervention results showed that farmers from the small, medium, and large-scale farms fed cows on low concentrate quantity of 3.76, 4.61, and 5.84Kg/day, respectively. The quantity of concentrate supplementation per cow per day was significantly different (p<0.0001) among farm-scales. Cows maintained under different farm-scales produced low milk yields (9.57-13.07 litter). Cows from large-scale farms significantly produced milk with lower fat (P<0.0006) whereas small-scale farms produced milk with lower protein and milk urea (P<0.0001). All milking cows maintained in small, medium, and large farm-scales were highly affected by anestrus (44.45%), placenta retention (35.19%), and repeat breeding (20.37%). The technical intervention of feed optimization boosted daily milk yield from 17.64 to 27.44%, enhanced most milk components except fat and milk urea, and reduced the incidence of anestrus (11.11%), retention of the placenta (5.56-11.11%), repeat breeding (11.11-22.22), dystocia (5.56-11.11%) and prolapse (5.56%). Finally, this study concluded that regular technical advice and feed optimization improved milk production and reduced reproductive disorders of dairy farmers in all farm


In 1951, at the onset of major decolonization initiatives in the Netherlands Antilles, thousands of residents on Aruba successfully joined in protest to defeat Campo Alegre, a proposed brothel near the Aruban oil-refining city of San Nicolas. This article considers the protest movement within the context of Antillean decolonization and argues that debates over sexual politics played an important role in popularizing an Aruban identity separate from neighboring Curacao—then seat of the government of the Netherlands Antilles and site of the first Campo Alegre brothel. Through analysis of Aruban archival sources, this article examines how the protest movement exploited decolonization policy while also drawing on the rhetoric of leading local political parties who claimed racial and cultural superiority to Curacao.


Tao Xingzhi,with"love for the world"and his hometown,was concerned about the development of education in Anhui and people's education.He came to lecture in Anhui several times,advocating mass education and the system of"Young Teachers"to implement universal education and life education,strongly recommending administrative leaders and teachers' opening schools,which left a glorious page in education history of Anhui.


The inhibition of the residual fermentation in bread doughs, in order to avoid its evolution, could be crucial to achieve reliable qualitative aroma analyses. Several options have emerged up until now, but they present some drawbacks. In this study, a mixture of methyl octanoate and methyl decanoate (Fames) has been suggested as a non-toxic alternative to the traditional use of mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Rheofermentometric analyses revealed that although HgCl2 is quicker, Fames solution is highly effective in less than 20 min. Moreover, when HgCl2 was added to 90 min fermented dough, it exhibited an unexpected behavior with a high release of CO2 without the generation of ethyl alcohol, which could affect the dough structure. SHS-GC/MS analyses of ethyl alcohol and 2/3-methyl-1-butanol corroborated the rheofermentometer's results, with a visible reduction in the peak areas and significant differences in the One-way Anova between Fames doughs and blank doughs. The application of the Fames solution to SPME-GC/MS-QTof analyses involved a reduction in the areas regarding the blank without interferences, showing a logical progression of the volatile compounds over the fermentation time, increasing their concentration from 0 to 90 min. This progression was normally lost when the inhibitors were not added, since the yeast acted in an uncontrolled manner due to the changes of temperature during freezing, thawing or chromatographic analyses, leading to wrong aroma results.


A study of the first infection stages of banana by Cercospora fijiensis was carried out using an experimental host–parasite system including three cultivars, Yangambi km5 (Musa, AAA, Ibota subgroup...


The traditional LMS algorithm accuracy is low,convergence is slow and tracking performance is poor.This paper presents a study of a modified adaptive algorithm named NLMS,and the design of improved LMS adaptive filter is completed based on MATLAB.The results show that: the improved NLMS adaptive algorithm average error is smaller,and the accuracy is improved.


Lead-acid batteries are currently the most popular for direct current (DC) power in power plants. They are also the most widely used electric energy storage device but too much space is needed to increase energy storage. Lithium-ion batteries have a higher energy density, allowing them to store more energy than other types of batteries. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the factors affecting the capacity design of lithium-ion stationary batteries. Factors that need to be considered in calculating the capacity of stationary lithium-ion batteries are investigated and reviewed, and based on the results, a method of calculating capacity of stationary lithium-ion batteries for industrial use is proposed. In addition, the capacity and area required for replacing the lead-acid batteries for nuclear power plants with lithium-ion batteries are reviewed as part of this case study.


Driver drowsiness is a condition where the driver operating on the automobile is about to nod off or sleep which is caused by various factors, which can impair and hinder safe driving, including biological, physical, psychological, and other various factors. Accidents through driver drowsiness are observed especially in the case where journeys are long-distance, and sleep-deprivation also plays the role of a prominent determining parameter. There are extensive number of accidents caused by driver drowsiness and these are of major safety concern, hence it is of critical importance to come up with some mechanism that can combat and prevent such road accidents to save precious lives. Thanks to technological advancements we can deploy systems that can detect driver drowsiness. In this paper, we would be reviewing the various techniques that can be used to implement a system for the detection of driver drowsiness.


NXP has implemented a new ADC module on i.MX RT1170, which was not present on it's the previous crossover family members, such as iMXRT1050/ RT1060. The main reason to do so is to increase the sample rate. This ADC module is not an update of the ADC module used on previous RT devices, but it is a completely different module. To ensure compatibility with the previous devices, there are upgrades in modules which have basically the same functionality as on the previous devices. This upgrade can be potentially invisible, but it may require an explanation.


Special hardware suchasFPGAcanprovide Inorder tosolve this problem, asnapshot method was higher simulation speed forverification. However, itisvery proposed in(4)thatusedexternal memoryinstead of hardtodebug duetothepoorvisibility ofinternal nodes. In EMB asthetrace buffer. Thisapproach canperiodically (4),a snapshot methodwas proposed to"record" the "record" theinternal behaviors ofaFPGA and"replay" a internal behaviors ofanFPGAand"replay" a certaincertain period oftimeinasoftware simulator toobtain period oftimeinasoftware simulator. Inthesnapshotfull visibility fordebugging. Because therearemany approach, wecanstill keepahighsimulation speed witha powerful tools forsoftware simulators, debugging using better debugging environment. Although saving thevalues of this approach willbecomemucheasier thanusing watch allinternal registers isasufficient solution toreconstruct the simulation waveform, itisnottheoptimal solution forlarge pints orELA only Mostimporant as iusatin designs. Inthis paper, we propose a methodtoreduce the Figur1 this appoach canustill havehsimulatin numberofrecorded registers inthesnapshot approach. Our sPeed becauesimulation rusaremfinished in


In this paper the limit analysis of a simple out-of-plane failure mechanism of a laterally weakly connected masonry wall involving frictional resistances is developed according to the displacement-based approach. The pushover analysis is made considering geometric nonlinearity, i.e. by evaluating the static multiplier for varied kinematic configurations, as a function of the displacement of a control point. The effect of the interlocking between the front wall and the sidewalls gradually decreases after a certain displacement, due to the progressive detachment of the front wall and the variation of the frictional resistances can be represented by a non-linear function of the decreasing number of involved rows. The stabilizing role of friction between interlocked walls is compared to another system of strength in masonry buildings, i.e. the effect of tie-rods, with and without the detrimental effect of the static thrust of masonry vaults. The sensitivity of the load multiplier to these strength parameters is investigated with reference to different combinations of loading conditions. Comparative results and pushover curves are developed to evaluate the displacement capacities for each case analyzed. Claudia Casapulla and Luca U. Argiento