Accurate color measurements have become more and more important during the past few decades. This is valid not only in physical research but also in industrial production, where the importance of accurate measurements is mainly due to increased quality requirements set by the customers of various goods. The development of technology enables more and more accurate measuring systems. While the accuracy has improved one has noticed, that many unexpected factors affect the color of an object. One of these factors is the temperature of the sample. It is known that for example the reflectance of the ceramic reference tiles used for calibration of colorimeters and spectrophotometers is temperature dependent. This phenomenon is called thermochromism, which is a reversible change of color of the sample as a function of temperature. It may be noticed already at room temperature if the temperature varies few centigrades. Red and orange samples are especially sensitive to temperature variation and may cause difficulties in precise color measurements. We show, how the phenomenon is based on physical processes and not only reflects the instability of red color pigments. We derive simple formulas, which are shown to explain the experimental data. We also discuss the meaning of thermochromism for color measurements, measure the magnitude of it and propose the experimental conditions to avoid this effect.


To explore the failure mode of high voltage transmission steel tube tower key nodes under multi-scale model in extreme climatic conditions,taking a large crossing tower as the research background,a method is proposed to achieve connection of different scale units with the finite element software ABAQUS,and the rationality of the multi-scale connection is verified. The multi-scale transmission steel tube tower model of structure behavior agreement is built,and the rationality of the multi-scale model is proved through the contrast analysis,numerical simulations is made on three kinds of extreme climates conditions: wind,ice covered and wire broken fracture,and the failure modes of transmission tower key nodes is obtained under different working conditions based on the analysis of simulated results. The research provides a reliable basis for the design,maintenance and reinforcement of high voltage transmission steel tube towers.


A time correlation (TC) image sensor is a device that produces 3-phase time-correlated signals between the incident light intensity and three reference signals. A conventional implementation of the TC image sensor using a standard CMOS technology works at low frequency and with low sensitivity. In order to achieve higher modulation frequency and high sensitivity, the TC image sensor with a dual potential structure using a pinned diode is proposed. The dual potential structure is created by changing the impurity doping concentration in the two different potential regions. In this structure, high-frequency modulation can be achieved, while maintaining a sufficient light receiving area. A prototype TC image sensor with 366×390pixels is implemented with 0.18-μm 1P4M CMOS image sensor technology. Each pixel with the size of 12μm×12μm has one pinned photodiode with the dual potential structure, 12 transistors and 3capacitors to implement three-parallel-output active pixel circuits. A fundamental operation of the implemented TC sensor is demonstrated.


At the Eighth International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity observations of electric field, Maxwell current density, 2nd air conductivity over thunderstorms were presented by Blakeslee. The measurements were obtained using electric field mils and conductivity probes installed on a U2 aircraft as the aircraft passed approximately directly over an active thunderstorm at an altitude of 18-20 km. Accurate electrical observations of this type are rare and provide important information to those involved in numerically =odeling a thunderstorm. A preliminary set of computer simulations based on this data have been conducted and are described in this paper. The simulations show good agreement with measurements and are used to infer the thundercloud's charging current and amount of charge exchanged per flash. 0


The present study consists primarily of a comparison of the evacuation of the gallbladder in children with the emptying of that viscus in young adults, and is a continuation of a preliminary study made several years ago.1It is, therefore, an attempt to add to the meager knowledge of the physiologic changes which accompany the growth and development of the gastro-intestinal tract in human beings. The methods employed were similar to those by which the norm of the adult organ was established.2Each gallbladder was visualized by oral administration of tetra-iodophenolphthalein—from 2 to 3 Gm. in grape juice, given in two successive doses the night before roentgenograms were made. The next morning, after preliminary films were made, roentgenograms were immediately made again, and the patient was given a glass of yolks of three eggs stirred in milk. Roentgenograms were then made two, four, eight, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-five,


The present study concerns adults with symptoms of hyperkinetic syndrome. According to the literature, the main problems in comparison to persons without ADHD symptoms include difficulties in the verbal expression of emotions, limited emotional vocabulary, inaccurate interpretation of emotions on other people's faces, and a lower level of empathy. Moreover, hyperactive persons show a lower level of social competence, resulting in difficulties in understanding and taking advantage of non-verbal signs sent by others. People with hyperkinetic symptoms find it difficult to judge social situations accurately, which can lead to problems in meeting social needs. Our primary goal was to determine whether or not recognizing and naming one's own emotions constitutes a greater problem for persons with ADHD symptoms than for those without such symptoms. The second goal was to examine the difference between persons with ADHD symptoms and healthy controls in recognizing and naming emotions felt by others. The final question concerned differences between persons with or without hyperkinetic symptoms in terms of social intelligence. Two groups of persons were examined: a criterion group (59 adults with hyperkinetic symptoms) and a control group (60 adults without hyperkinetic symptoms). The following methods were used: the Behavior Questionnaire, the Scale of Emotional Consciousness Levels, and the Social Competence Questionnaire.


The significance of the spatial variability (spatial incoherence and apparent propagation) of the seismic ground motions on the response of bridges, modeled as three-span symmetric beams, is analyzed. It is shown that spatially variable seismic ground motions induce significantly higher bending moments along the structure than the ones obtained if the seismic motions at the supports are assumed to be identical.


history of ideas. Sargent and Velde's book is a contribution to economic history, but it is of interest to the historian of economics, because it demonstrates that economic theory was not a passive onlooker but an essential part of the story. In deference to the economic style for which Sargent is well-known, the history in the book is buttressed by a formal monetary model characterized by two cash-in-advance constraints—one for goods that can be purchased only with small coins and one for goods that can be purchased with either small or large coins. The chief advantage of the models is that they give results of the right flavor: general price inflation leads to shortage of small coins. The use of cashin-advance monetary models, however, points to one shortcoming of the book. It is hard to believe that having cash in advance was a barrier to effective transactions. Aside from any particular historical evidence, just the fact that even small coins in the Middle Ages were large, relative to incomes and day-to-day expenditure, suggests that trade credit was common. The failure to locate the monetary system in a larger credit system is a standing problem in monetary economics. With merchants extending credit to regular customers, Sargent and Velde's big problem could easily turn out to be a small one after all. Coins are beautiful objects that fascinate collectors. Let me end in praise of this volume as one that lives up to the aesthetic standard of its subject. It is printed spaciously, in an attractive font, on a pleasing heavy, buff paper. The wide margins are adorned with notes serving as guideposts to the text in the style familiar from seventeenth and eighteenth century books. There are a number of attractive illustrations. Such books are one of the small pleasures of scholarship. They remind me why the internet is unlikely to drive the book completely away.


Leafless elementary trapping sets (LETSs) are known to be the problematic structures in the error floor region of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over the additive white Gaussian (AWGN) channel under iterative decoding algorithms. While problems involving the general category of trapping sets, and the subcategory of elementary trapping sets (ETSs), have been shown to be NP-hard, similar results for LETSs, which are a subset of ETSs are not available. In this paper, we prove that for a general LDPC code, finding a LETS of a given size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$a$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with minimum number of odd-degree check nodes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is NP-hard to approximate within any approximation factor. We also prove that finding the minimum size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$a$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of a LETS with a given <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is NP-hard to approximate within any approximation factor. Similar results are proved for elementary absorbing sets, a popular subcategory of LETSs.


Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is an evolving surgical alternative to traditional open esophagectomy. Despite considerable technical challenges, it was considered that MIE could be performed effectively by surgeons experienced in open esophageal resection and advanced laparoscopic surgery. This chapter illustrates the preoperative evaluation and operative indications of MIE for esophageal cancer. Firstly, a complete history and physical exam is required for counseling on preoperative optimization. Then, the operation can be conducted after standard preoperative work-up includes several parts, such as positron-emission tomography (PET), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), esophagography and computed tomography (CT). To our knowledge, the operative indications for MIE is now extended due to the rapid development of surgical technique and detailed preoperative evaluation. Limited node invasion and neoadjuvant chemoradiation are not rigorous contraindications for MIE any more. Optimal results require elaborate evaluation, appropriate patient selection and a multidisciplinary team experienced in the management of esophageal cancer.


The systematic effects of absolute gravimeters have to be investigated to fully utilize their capabilities in metrology and geosciences. In Křen et al (2016 Metrologia 53 27–40) we found that for an FG5 gravimeter, even a few meter long coaxial cable used for transmission of fringe signal causes systematic features in residuals and errors at the level of 1–2 µGal. In this paper, we present experimental results and appropriate models to explain the effects that were found to be caused by impedance mismatches of electronic components and dispersion effects in coaxial cables of gravimeters. The experimental results have been obtained for analogue and transistor–transistor logic (TTL) compatible signals in the FG5-215 gravimeter and for a TTL signal in the FG5X-251 gravimeter. We found that dispersion and impedance mismatch effects are similar for both gravimeters. Furthermore, we describe a model of the dispersion that allows an evaluation of the effect/correction for a given range of the free-fall and thus it is also applicable to other gravimeters. The effect of impedance mismatch for the analogue fringe signal is modelled as an effect of the reflected electronic signal on the evaluation of zero-crossings. The applicability of this model for TTL signal is also discussed.


A supply chain is a network of four -departments, which is involved in various activities like product procurement to distribution of final product. The purchasing has gained importance in supply chain management due to the factors like globalization and technological changes. In this paper the supplier selection for the leading glass product manufacturing industry is taken. Here, a versatile technique namely "Analytical Hierarchy Process" has been used to select the best vendor. When any vendor for a particular item make changes for the parameters like price, quality and performance improvement to deliver better quality product to customer, the whole hierarchy process for arriving at developing ranking of vendors is to be performed again for finding out the best vendor. So, a suitable standard programming logic was developed to meet current requirement. The package can be executed seven number of times with changing input parameters values thus serving the purpose .


The steady-state performance of lumped LTI (linear time-invariant) feedback systems in the face of plant uncertainty is considered. The plant uncertainty considered here is the multiplicative perturbation of the output port. The necessary and sufficient conditions for various robust steady-state performances are obtained. Internal-model-principle-like results on the structure of controllers achieving various robust steady-state performances are derived from the necessary and sufficient conditions. The conditions are transformed into the measure of mu , thus enabling the synthesis of controllers achieving robust steady-state performance in the framework of mu synthesis and the generalized H/sup infinity / control theory.<<ETX>>


Brazilian street kids have been represented, with few exceptions, as victims of oppressed cultural forces that weaken the family and dilute social capital. To be sure, concentrated poverty, loss of extended family ties, low levels of education, and lack of governmental involvement have all given shape to a terribly strenuous childhood for many in the country. These kids, however, are more than victims. They are also active agents in the coconstruction of their social realities, and they struggle in brave ways to become fuller human beings. Using reconstructions from my ethnographic fieldwork on the streets of Campinas, Brazil, in which kids encounter Nike artifacts and the culture of consumption, the author attempts to show this struggle for humanization. In addition, a central purpose of this article is to present a slice of social science research written in a self-reflective manner about authorship, interpretation, and the interweaving of theory and fieldwork.


The canonical degree $C.K_X$ of an integral curve on a smooth projective surface $X$ is conjecturally bounded from above by an expression of the form $A(g-1)+B$, where $g$ is the geometric genus of $C$ and $A$, $B$ are constants depending only on $X$. We prove that this conjecture holds with $A = -1$ under the assumptions $h^0(X, -K_X) = 0$ and $h^0(X, 2K_X + C) = 0$.


The study conducted a factor analysis of Retirement Anxiety Scale (RAS) for secondary school teachers. It developed a set of appropriate and homogeneous items on retirement anxiety suitable for Nigerian school teachers. It also determined the reliability indices of the scale and established its factor structure. The study population comprised all secondary school teachers in Osun state. Teachers that had less than ten years to retire from the service were the targeted population. A sample size of 204 teachers was purposively selected from four randomly selected local government of the state, based on the years left in service. The selected teachers completed the Retirement Anxiety Scale (RAS). The result was subjected to Principal Component Analysis with varimax rotation (PCA). The results of the PCA revealed that the communality h 2 of each item was more than 0.5, which implied a satisfactory quality. The KMO > 0.8 showed that the data were sufficiently enough to undergo factor analysis, while the Barlett sign p < 0.001 revealed a sensible PCA. The reliability coefficient Cronbach α was statistically significant (0.863) indicating a high degree of internal consistency. The study concluded that the RAS instrument was valid and reliable for measuring retirement anxiety among secondary school teachers and also found suitable for Nigerian schools. The six-components released by the PCA could be used as a guide for school counsellors in pre-retirement counselling of secondary school teachers.


The effect of external Ca2+ and Ca2+-channel modulators on the phytochrome-controlled swelling of etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Arminda) mesophyll protoplasts has been studied. The red light (R)-stimulated swelling of the protoplasts requires Ca2+ in the surrounding medium and maximum response was observed in a medium containing I mM CaCI2. Far-red light (FR) irradiation of protoplasts in the presence or absence of Ca2+ does not influence the protoplast volume. The Ca2+-channel antagonist nifedipine prevents R-induced protoplast swelling at very low concentrations (0.1 μM). The Ca2+ -channel agonist Bay K-8644 stimulates the swelling of protoplasts incubated in darkness or irradiated with FR. Action of nifedipine depends on whether it is applied before or after the R pulse. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that phytochrome controls the activity of dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type Ca2+ channels.


Abstract : This set of viewgraphs contains information about systems and technical architectures as presented at the NDIA Navy Interoperability Workshop.


Every democratic society relies on deliberation and dialogue between social groups with varying perspectives to provide for the representation of the diverse members of the society. Meaningful deliberation is based on open access to information by individuals and free exchange of information between different social groups. Policy developments in the United States since September 2001, however, have altered the roles of information in many social contexts, with impacts on information access and information exchange between social groups. These changes have the potential to be of great consequence to social and political uses of information in society. Libraries, as established guardians of diverse perspectives of information, are in a unique position to protect and preserve information access and exchange in this new policy environment.


: The tourism service exports, by formal definition, is referring to various associated services provided to inbound tourists in exchange for foreign-currency income. Tourism service exports is gradually becoming one of the most crucial ingredients of Chinese tertiary industry, which significantly replace primary and secondary industry. Shanxi province was widely deemed as the place with prolonged history and cultural context. And hence, it has attracted many domestic tourists per year basis, and regularly being treated as one of the inland "hot-spots" during the Chinese vacation. However, to most inbound tourists, Shanxi province can hardly be regarded as a popular place to visit. This paper is aiming to investigate the major causes which impede the development of tourism service exports of Shanxi province. The comparative methodology was employed to contrast Shanxi province with other popular foreign tourists visiting provinces located in central area of China. The obtained result reveals that the inbound tourism of Shanxi province encountered with the following four major problems, namely, inappropriate consumption composition, unsatisfactory level of touristic facilities and infrastructure, deficient provincial touristic route management, as well as the outmoded online service platform and advertising channels. The related short-run and long-run countermeasures are presented at the end of this paper.


Web personalization is a process that utilizes a set of methods, techniques, and actions for adapting the linking structure of an information space or its content or both to user interaction preferences. The aim of personalization is to enhance the user experience by retrieving relevant resources and presenting them in a meaningful fashion. The advent of big data introduced new challenges that locate user modeling and personalization community in a new research setting. In this paper, we introduce the research challenges related to Web personalization analyzed in the context of big data and the Semantic Web. This paper also introduces some models and approaches that can bridge the gap between the two. Future challenges and opportunities related to Web personalization, analyzed from the big data and Semantic Web perspective, are also presented. The research challenges outlined in this paper involve the scrutability of user models in personalization, generic personalization, meta-personalization, open corpus personalization, and semantic data modeling.


Keratin, a fibrous protein, that is available from a variety of animal sources as a constituent of hair, nails, horns, hoofs, wool and feathers, has applications in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and as a fertilizer. Like many naturally-derived biomaterials, the intrinsic biological activity and biocompatibility of keratin render this polymer a potential candidate for applications in medicine, and for the fabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering. While several sources of keratin can be considered, the bioactivity of the keratins obtained can be quite different. In this study we discuss the processing and characterization of keratin from camel hair and goat cashmere. Specifically, the camel hair and cashmere were dissolved in an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride), and the characteristics of the soluble and insoluble keratin were evaluated. The structure and properties of the raw material, soluble, and insoluble keratin were studied. Compared to the starting material, the soluble keratin showed chemical changes viz. decrease of cysteine, and minor structural changes. Preliminary in vitro biological properties performed by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and scratch test showed good bioactivity in keratin from both sources. In particular, cell migration was observed to be faster when cells were cultured in the presence of soluble keratin extracted from camel hair and cashmere.


Thomas Pogge's work on the question of what we, the affluent, owe to the global poor has attracted considerable attention. A recurrent criticism is of his attempt to portray the duties of the affluent in relation to the global poor as negative ones. In response, Pogge has developed sophisticated lines of defence; yet, as I start by showing, these seem unlikely to hold. A reason there has been protracted dispute about whether Pogge's core duty is positive or negative is, I suggest, that there is insufficient clarity as to what the duty substantively consists in. Pogge's core idea, or so I shall maintain, is that the rich are in debt to the poor. To put it this way is to give the core duty a simple clarity. The most appropriate way to conceive this debt, I shall argue, is as an ecological debt . This is an unusual conception for political theorists, but I show how it can actually be of great assistance in firming up the conceptual framework of Pogge's engaged project in political theory. Ecological debt, I argue, is not just a special issue or set of special issues, but is in fact the very essence of the question of global justice. It captures just the issues Pogge seeks to capture, as well as more besides, and allows the debate to be settled about whether the core duty Pogge describes is 'positive' or 'negative'. Ecological debt can in fact be construed to entail a negative duty - a simple and clear one.


Vacancy Engineering has previously been shown to be highly efficient in improving the junction properties of a p‐type boron implant. This study examines the effect of a Vacancy Engineering Implant (VEI) prior to a low‐energy n‐type phosphorous implant. These initial results indicate that an excess of vacancies not only reduces the observed enhanced diffusion but also reduces the inherent electrical deactivation/reactivation process.


The paper gives data on isotope composition of interstitial and near-bottom waters sampled in a region of gas-hydrate formation in the Sea of Okhotsk. The studies shows that heavy isotope of oxygen and hydrogen is used in gas-hydrate formation, with the result that isotope composition of its constitution water constitutes δ18O = +1.99‰, δD = +23‰ relatively to SMOW. Formation of autogenic carbonates leads to isotope exchange with interstitial water wich, in turn, changes its primary isotope composition in the direction of increasing of O-18 content. The near-bottom waters are isotope-light relatively to the SMOW standard and to the mean isotope composition of interstitial water in the studied region of gas-hydrate spreading.


The characteristic of the MIL-STD-1553B and the chip BU-61580 were introduced. Then the method and implementation technology of hardware design were presented for the MIL-STD-1553B based on BU-61580. At last, the experience of software realization with actual project was described and the MCU MSC1210Y5 initialization, receiver and transmitter process were given.


The situation of drought in Heilongjiang Province and Harbin City was calculated and anylyzed using satellite remote sensing drought and soil humidity data for Harbin in 2003 by means of soil heat inertia,and the drought prevention and control countermeasures were put forward.The result shows that the method is more accurate for drought monitoring with satellite remote sensing and its precision for bare soil is highly 60%,Based on this and with agricultural meteorological observation criterion,the absolute drought grade of the soil can be given.Using this method the distribution of drought disaster with different grades for 12 counties in Harbin City were calculated.


During his lifetime Morishima Kakufusa was closely connected with Japanese expansionist schemes in Mongolia, as a monk, a trader, a lecturer, an author, an escort for academic explorers and a military intelligence officer. The specifics of Morishima's employers at various points throughout his long career are unclear, but an examination of his career provides some idea of the different groups and individuals in Japanese society who sought to implement either direct or indirect Japanese control over Mongolia during the first four decades of the twentieth century. Moreover, the promotion of Morishima's career by his hometown of Tokunoshima in the twenty-first century is an example of how some in Japan at the present time are presenting the imperial era in a more positive light.


The transformation of the cP air mass into the mP air mass due to upward heat and moisture supplies from the warmer sea surface around Japan is investigated. Keeping aloof from treating the transfer processes theoretically, available measured data are utilized for evaluating the modification processes and constructing a lower atmospheric cross section following the air column throughout the whole modified layers. The results are almost the same as those of former investigations1) obtained theoretically with little addition to be made. But this report will serve to verify those result with the actually observed informations and to present some simple clue to the forecasting of the cloud and the snowfall.


The present invention is a method based on the cadmium sulfide cushion body is formed on the absorber copper based chalcogenide in making a photovoltaic cell. The buffer sputtering at a relatively high pressure. The resulting cell has a good efficiency and in accordance with one embodiment, wherein a narrow interface between the buffer layer and the absorbent body. According to the second embodiment, further characterized in that the cushion body is a relatively high oxygen content.


Significance The US workplace is hypersegregated into two worlds, a "men's world" comprising occupations with very few women, and a "women's world" comprising occupations with very few men. Although many commentators have argued that this gender divide would gradually wither away, in fact the workplace suddenly stopped integrating 20 y ago. By building a model that combines mobility and segregation processes, we show that the stall was partly driven by a change in how fathers transmit occupations. When daughters streamed into the economy, fathers began to pass on male-typed occupations disproportionately to their sons, whereas mothers remained steadfastly gender-neutral. This son-biased shift, which cut off the integrative trend, suggests a role for family-centered interventions that target where the gender revolution faltered.


In previous papers (Lund 1954, 1955, 1966) it has been shown that the seasonal cycle of the planktonic diatom Melosira italica (Ehr.) Kitz. subsp. subarctica 0. Mull. (hereafter abbreviated to Melosira) is correlated with changes of the thermal, and so density, stratification of the water in certain lakes in the English Lake District and elsewhere. Melosira is present and often abundant in the plankton of these lakes from autumn to spring or early summer. For most or all of this period the lakes are isothermal. When the lakes are stratified in summer, or in winter under ice, Melosira is absent or rare, or the numbers decrease in the epilimnion. Under prolonged stratification in summer the whole water column becomes depleted, though large numbers of live cells can be found on or below the surface of the bottom mud. It has been suggested, on the basis of observations covering several years and of certain experiments, that Melosira can remain in the euphotic zone long enough to produce large populations only when there is sufficient vertical mixing of the water. It is under isothermal conditions that wind-generated turbulence is sufficient to produce this situation. It seems that the diatom does sink relatively rapidly, judging from observations on its rate of fall in static water (Lund 1959). When the water is not isothermal, as in summer, many of the cells sinking on to the deposits below the euphotic zone pass into a 'physiological' resting state. They can live in the dark and in the absence of oxygen in solution for months or years (Lund 1954; Stockner & Lund 1970). Thus there is a reserve of cells on the deposits which can form the basis of a new planktonic population when thermal stratification breaks down in autumn and turbulence raises them into the euphotic zone. Similar situations arise in relation to periods of ice-cover in winter. If these conclusions are correct, then should stratification be destroyed in summer and other environmental conditions be suitable (e.g. availability of nutrients; discussed by Guseva 1968), Melosira should produce large populations. Experiments with cultures (Lund 1959 and unpublished data) have shown that it can grow in the upper layers of the English lakes at summer temperatures and under summer intensities of incident radiation. Its demands for nutrients are not known. It has not been observed to multiply significantly when there is less than 600 jug SiO2/l. However, if there are interactions between nutrient demands and light and temperature similar to those for Asterionella formosa Hass. (Hughes & Lund 1962), it is probable that this is not an absolute limiting concentration. It can multiply when the concentration of phosphate phosphorus is about 1 jug/l, though this may be at the expense of stored phosphorus, as is known for Asterionella (Mackereth 1953). In the summer of 1961, a small lake, Blelham Tarn, was destratified artificially. The


Abstract Fisheries are subject to unexpected weather condition. While some change of it may be positive for somefisheries, the currentstate suggests thatthe effects willbe undesirable for many fisheries. The aim of this study is to assess the vulnerability to climate change in 11 regional fisheries of Koreausing the framework of IPCC . The vulnerability assessment depends upon the interrelation of three keyelements; exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, which were derived from Analytical HierarchyProcess method in this study. These elements would contribute to comprehend relative importance at theregional characteristics of fisheries. We compared the vulnerability index of 11 regional fisheries so as tolook for strategies and adaptation methods to the impacts of potentialclimate change.Jeoun-Nam , Kyeong-Nam , and Jeju are identified as the most vulnerable provinces to climate change ontheir fisheries because they have high level of sensitivity to predicted climate change and relatively lowadaptive capacity. The relatively low vulnerability of Ulsan, Gyeonggi reflects high financial independence,well-equipped infrastructure, socialcapitalin these regions.Understanding of vulnerability to climate change suggests future research directions. This paper willprovide aguide to localpolicy makers and fisheries managers aboutvulnerability and adaptation planning toclimate change. Key words : Climate change, Regionalfisheries, Vulnerability assessment


In a recent Journal of Business & Economics Research article, Atamian, et. al. (2009) provided practical advice for individuals considering forming a small business. In that article, the authors observed that a major factor in avoiding failure is to "plan for success." The authors further noted that operating even the smallest of businesses calls for a multiplicity of skills seldom found in one individual. This article discusses the knowledge and skills that the small business owner must have in order to combat risk of failure. Furthermore, it encourages small business owners to recognize the necessity of including a viable continuing education element in their plans for success. It concludes with an expanded discussion of how small business owners can continually acquire knowledge and skills to sustain the vitality of their businesses.


In this paper,the principles,operational modes in summer and winter,and operational conditions of the reclaimed(sea)water source heat pump,which had the largest heating capacity of 8.3 MW of single unit in China,were firstly introduced.And then,the parameters,including the temperatures of supply and return water in primary pipe network,the temperature of reclaimed water,environmental temperature,and heating(cooling) capacities,were investigated via on-line monitoring system,also the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of the system were analyzed.The test results indicated that the heating COP and the cooling COP of this system were above 3.2 and 4.0 respectively during the testing period,which demonstrated significant energy-saving and emission reduction effects.


AbstractThe aim of this study is to precisely determine the prevailing trends in language use among the Pothwari speakers of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Studies show that intergenerational transmission is extremely vital to the language growth and language loss (Brenzinger et al. 2003; Fishman 1991). Using the UNESCO framework, the present study investigates the multilingual context of the capital city of Pakistan. Tool of this study is a four point likert scale. The sample (participants) of the study was the three generations of Pothwari speakers (N= 297). Locale of the study was Islamabad and Rawalpindi where majority of population speaks this language. Sampling technique exploited in this study is purposive. The results of this study show a decline in the use of Pothwari in the family domain.As the maintenance and future viability of this indigenous and local language in this scenario is at risk, the underlying insight of the present study is to show the possibility for the protection of lesser acknowledged cultures and indigenous languages.Key words: intergenerational transmission, vitality, endangerment, language shiftIntroductionLanguage endangerment has global implication. Most of the languages spoken across the globe are potentially endangered. According to Nettle and Romaine (2000) these languages are facing impending threat of extinction. Only 4 % of the languages enjoy official status throughout the world. There are few languages employed in government and education. This situation has serious consequences on the fate of minority languages. 250 aboriginal languages spoken in Australia have been lost. Similarly, 100 languages spoken in the state of California are neither taught at school nor transferred to the younger generation at home (ibid: ix). Ethnologue (Lewis 2009) reports 72 languages in Pakistan, while Rahman (2006) estimates a total number of 63 languages and among these 57 face looming threat of endangerment.Vitality and endangerment of the minority language has been one of the key research areas for various linguists (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000; Crystal 2000; Nettle and Romaine 2000; Adegbija 1994; Ravindranath 2009; Hohenthal 2003; Mansoor 1993; Hallberg 2003; O'Leary 1992; Lothers 2010; Rehman 2011; Lother 2010). According to UNESCO Ad Hoc Expert Group on Endangered Languages vitality and endangerment of a language is distinguished by the number of speakers presently speaking, existing and emerging domains, the mean age of native and fluent speakers, the rate of language transmitted to the third and the youngest generation, attitudes of the native speaker towards their language, governmental and institutional attitudes and policies including official status and use, and materials for literacy and education and documentation (Brenzinger et al. 2003).The present study aims at studying domains of language use and intergenerational transmission of Pothwari language spoken in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan and Rawalpindi. It draws upon Fishman's (1972) models of functional domains and intergenerational transmission (1991). Existing domains of a language and intergenerational transmission of a language in the family are two important indicators of language vitality and endangerment. In this regard intergenerational transmission is considered the most important index for a language. It is scaled from being safe to extinction. The numerators in this regard range from 5-0: safe (5), Unsafe (4): Definitively endangered (3): Severely endangered (2): Critically endangered (1): Extinct (0): this tool investigates the degrees or stages of language loss. If it is safe on this scale it depicts its vitality within the family domain as every member is using this language and it is being transmitted to the next generation. In the 4th degree it is termed as unsafe because children of the community only speak it in family domain, the third degree of it is termed as definitively endangered (3) in this degree of the language of the community is not transmitted to the children in the family domain the degree stage of language loss is defined as severely endangered language. …


Where does the artist go when he or she is submerged in thought? Where does he or she tap the resources to draw from, to formulate the imagery? How does the artist share those "visions" to others? The process is a subtle one, a transition over time, reincarnating the history of the past, programming the experience of the present. Consciousness is a maze of circumstance. In the translation, impulses from the artist's brush strokes mimic the randomness of its repetitive pattern. The computer allows the artist to contain his or her interpretation within space, yet void of space. Immersed in the essence of the abstract, the artist comes into a dialog lost in virtual space, joining past with present, creating movement and so the dance begins. Intuition leads to logic, or is it logic that leads to intuition? In the computer age, the languages of the artist and the scientist seem to be drifting closer and closer together.The discovering and redefining of truths, the kinds that religion, philosophy and the rituals of civilization are based on, also seem to be reversing the roles of the art ist and the scientist, or at least how they perceive their own identities. The computer has given the art ist the capacity to create the impossible picture or sculpt the impossible shape by process of number crunching and data storage, breaking the mold of the past by embracing the digital tools of today. The development of technology has not only enabled translating abstract ideas into concrete visions. It has literally enabled physical forms to emerge from formal abstractions at the hand of the artist through image manipulation and rapid prototyping, making the not so apparent mysteries and beauty of nature visually accessible to the non-initiated and allowing them to step into the body of a virtual entity. Imagine reenacting the spirit of a place, not accessible to the touch yet as an experience of the senses, interacting and redi... ~ . ~,~' . ,


The efficiency of mandibular conduction anesthesia was assessed in patients with inflammatory disorders in the area innervated by the mandibular nerve. In patients with conduction anesthesia induced after an electroneurostimulation session, the efficiency of anesthesia was considerably higher than in those operated on under mandibular anesthesia only.


ABSTRACT Religious education and intercultural education are seen by some to be in tension with each other, and by others as two sides of the same coin. The explanations for this unsettled relationship may be found in the different histories of the two fields. Intercultural education has become a cross curricular priority, resulting from rather recent developments marked by cultural complexity, following globalisation and migration processes of the last 50 years or so. Religious education has a long history of being a distinct school subject, much influenced by differing national and religious cultural heritages and which, during the last half century, has begun to address the issues of religious and world view diversity. In several countries today, religious education in the publicly funded school is conceived as non-confessional and deals with a diversity of religions and world views. Religious education may be the subject where socio-cultural differences are most visible and where the challenges of diversity are put to the test. This raises a series of challenges to curriculum designers and teachers in classrooms; the article will address some of them and suggest ways forward for teacher education and school practice.


..... A feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of Azolla, on growth and survival of L. rohita fingerlings. One hundred twenty (4.08 ± 0.02 g) fingerlings were randomly distributed in four treatment groups, each with three replications. Four isonitrogenous (crude protein: 27.75-28.26%) experimental diets were prepared with different percentage of Azolla incorporation except the control group, viz., control (T 0 ), T 1 (20% Azolla), T 2 (40% Azolla) and T 3 (50% Azolla). The physio-chemical parameters were found in the normal range through out the experimental period. The results revealed that the test animals fed with diet containing 40 per cent Azolla showed better growth (15.45 ± 0.24 g in wt. and 13.73 ± 0.47 cm in length) than the test animals fed with 20 per cent, 50 per cent and control diet. The body weight gain per cent was recorded highest in diet containing 40 per cent Azolla (281.57 ± 7.21) than control (175.62 ± 2.31). The specific growth rate (SGR) was found highest in T 2 group (0.73 ± 0.01) followed by T 3 group (0.67± 0.01) which was (P < 0.05) higher than T 1 and control group. The FCR also varied significantly (P<0.05) among the treatment group. The better FCR was observed in T 2 group followed by T 3 group. This results suggest that incorporation of Azolla at 40 per cent can enhances growth in L. rohita fingerlings and can effectively be used in conventional diet of rohu without any adverse effect on growth and survival.


common velvet bean caterpillar, Thermesia gemma/ilis Hiibner, completely defoliated the plants as they were maturing pods. Of a large sending of the caterpillars made .to this laboratory on October 9l3, over half were dead upon receipt, being covered with a thick coating of whitish to pale greenish-blue fungus. The fungus infection had occurred before the caterpillars had been collected and shipped, however, for in the field they were also to be seen in large numbers dead and mummied on the stems of the plants; often as many as eight or ten on a single hush. The weather at the time was warm and humid, often with numerous sharp showers (and invariably with at least one) each day. To he sure, the disease epidemic had arrived too late to save the crop, but it was none the less effective in killing all the last in~tar caterpillars. The fungus has been identified by MISS Vera. K. Charles as "BotTytis rileyi now ,>;picaria rile1li. It is closely related to Spicaria prasina (Maub.) Saw., in which the spores are oval. Doctor Wolcott's material seems intermediate between these two forms." A similar question of the specific identity of the fungus attacking this host has also been noted in Florida. A previously recorded instance in Puerto Rico of insect control by fungus disease is of the cottony cushion scale, Iccrya purchasi Maskell, by another Spicaria, which Mr. E. West of the .Florida Station stated was identical with what they called Spicaria javanica. Control was 100 per cent perfect in certain citrus groves well protected by hills and bamboo windbreaks, as at Pueblo Viejo in August 19913, so perfect indeed that the scale has never since been found there. Elsewhere the effectiveness of the fungus varied from almost perfect in some groves in pockets in the hills around Bayamon and those with dense windbreaks near the beach at Palo Seco, to zero on the coast, at Dorado, in a grove with only casuarinas for windbreak. Both of these epidemics emphasize the vital importance of ecological conditions in the effectiveness of fungus control. G~lOlWI'l N. WOLco'rT, LUIS :F. MARTORELL, Agricultural Expcriment Station, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.


With increasing frequency and intensity of destruction being caused by flood globally, the need for stakeholders to collaborate is highly urgent. Media men and disaster managers, as key stakeholders in disaster management, have vital roles to play in reducing flood risks. However, as important as this role, there are few
empirical studies on disaster communication before flood incidents and relationship of media men and disaster managers. This study, therefore, examines participation and collaborations of media and disaster managers in flood risk reduction. Its other objectives are to identify factors that affect the relationship and ascertain their communication expectations. Framing Theory and Relationship Management Theory were used to achieve the study"s objectives. Mixed methods, which employed
content analysis and in-depth interview was used for data collection. It takes the most devastating flood that occurred in 2012 as its case study. Content analysis of 485 flood related materials published from January 1-December 31, 2012 in two mainstream, English language newspapers (Punch and Trust) was done. Also, indepth interviews were conducted with 16 disaster managers and media men to expose the relationship between media and disaster managers. The interviews data were thematically analysed through NVivo10 while the content analysis was descriptively evaluated. This study finds that there was a low reportage of flood risk before occurrence. Only 90 out of 485 flood related materials were published at the
pre-disaster stage. The findings show that media is not actively involved in disaster communication before flood occurrences while disaster managers also need to work efficiently to engender relationship that will guarantee effective communication and collaboration. Theoretically, the study extends the current knowledge on the topic and secondly it provides a better understanding of the concept of disaster
communication.


The Renewable Energies play a rather small role so far in the overall mixture for power generation, but they increasingly gain in importance. Nevertheless an independent marketability is not given ...


Cloud computing, and particularly Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), has been widely adopted in Saudi Arabia, but how organisations are impacted and changed by the adoption needs greater understanding. The growing number of enterprises especially small and med


The history of human development is,in a sense,one in which human beings find and recognize themselves.Human beings have positioned themselves as absolute dominant rulers,which,on one hand,shows their subjectivity,and which,on the other hand,leads to selbstverlorenheit to some extent as they absolutely worshipped the rationality.Therefore,human beings are the unity of rationality and irrationality.


An early formation process of the spray, which was injected by a high-pressure swirl-type injector that is widely used in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) gasoline engines, was investigated through image analyzing techniques. The sprays were illuminated both by an Nd:YAG laser light sheet for getting the spray tomograms and by a tungsten lamp for getting the scattered back light shadow images of the sprays. The sprays were imaged by using a high-resolution CCD camera and a high-speed digital imaging system. The early development aspects of the spray were investigated in detail through the measurement of the tip penetration, cone angle and width of the early spray. At the start of injection, the liquid column emerges first, and it forms the "pre-swirl spray" without the swirl component. Following the liquid column, the liquid sheet emerges, however its radial velocity component is weak to form the complete hollow-cone spray. This spray changes into the "weak-swirl spray". Consecutively, the liquid sheet of which the radial velocity component is enough to form the hollow-cone spray emerges, and it forms the "main-swirl spray". During the early injection period, the initial cone angle of the spray changes dramatically with time from the start of injection (SOI). With emerging the liquid sheet, the initial cone angle increases steeply due to the liquid sheet expanding. After a short time (0.19 ms from SOI in this study), the spray cone angle remains constant with time from SOI, regardless of ambient pressure. The main body angle decreases with time due to the pressure difference between the inner and the outer region of the spray, and it remains constant after 0.8 ms from SOI. Based on the evolution of the spray cone angle with time, the spray development stages are classified into the following five stages: (I) liquid column emerging stage; (II) liquid column expanding stage; (III) liquid sheet emerging and expanding stage; (IV) development of three types of sprays stage; and (V) fully developed hollow-cone spray stage.


In this paper, the partial differential equation of geometric nonlinear dynamic response of laminated rubber bearing is established. Based on the assumption of homogenous column and the nonlinear first-order shear deformation beam theory, the governing equations and boundary conditions of nonlinear dynamic response of laminated rubber bearings are deduced by the stress-strain analysis of micro-unit. The governing equation is a third-coupled geometric nonlinear partial differential equation.


In this paper, we consider an optimal investment problem for a retail company in multi-energy market. Due to the existence of uncertainties caused by renewable energy generation and electricity demand, the risk of investment can not be neglected. In addition, the retail company can invest in the Energy Related Services (ERS) market after supplying the energy demand of customers. We aim to acquire the optimal investment decision that can maximize the profit and minimize the risk of the return simultaneously. By using the Markowitz framework and Chebyshev inequality, we model this investment problem as a quadratic programming problem. We obtain the optimal analytic solutions in three scenarios: on-peak periods, mid-peak periods and off-peak periods utilizing the method of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Moreover, it is found that generating electricity by natural gas through energy hub (EH) during on-peak periods is more economical. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy has better performance than strategies with fixed dispatch factors.


Southern propagandists hoped to rally the French to their cause by using the memory of French Louisiana. In particular, they highlighed the North's refusal to let its rival leave the federation, recalled the South's adherence to free trade, used the principle of national self-determination to present the South's struggle as that of an emerging nation supressed by the North, and painted a picture of an aristocratic Dixie of European culture and customs. As a result, Napoleon III, much of his court, and many of the French elite sympathized with the South. Yet difficulties for the French in the Confederate Stateseventually turned French favour against the South. Southern restriction of business activity, the burning of French-owned tobacco fields, the forced conscription of French nationals, as well as diplomatic blunders by Confederate officials and the increasing authoritarianism of the Confederate government all helped turn the tide of opinion. In addition, the French consuls' dispatches depicted a very negative image of the Southern elite. The French reactions of astonishment, dismay, and indignation at Lincoln's death are proof that the vision of a pro-Southern France should be qualified.


The invention relates to a kind of benzoxazine colophony whose materials come from renewable resources, its composition and preparing method. This kind of benzoxazine colophony is prepared with phenols stemmed from the renewable resources, such as eugenol, guaiacol and cardanol, and diamine stemmed from the renewable resources such as decamethylene diamine, and cavaform or triformol or formaldehyde liquid. The relevant composition is prepared with this kind of benzoxazine colophony and other heat-convertibleresin. The benzoxazine and its composition can be used in many fields such as coatings, thermosetting plastics, matrix colophony of composite materials and so on.


ebbing international interest and was able to note sites of resistance not only in relation to economic policy but also to gender power relations, lesbian and gay issues, and peace. After Revolution is essential reading for those interested in women and work, the local effects of neoliberalism, urban studies in lesser developed countries, Latin American cultural politics, and collective action. For those unfamiliar with post-1990 Nicaragua, this book will provide an excellent overview of the vast, rapid changes the country has gone through while also making important connections to the Sandinista past. For those studying women's work, Babb makes an important case for the interconnectedness of women's paid and unpaid work. For those interested in economic policy, this book shares insights into poor urban women's local-level experiences of large economic shifts—insights that can only be originally derived from the long-term, careful ethnographic work of a committed scholar.


Assuming a single-user multi-channel system, we study the performance of joint adaptive modulation and finite-length buffer. For higher spectral efficiency and more efficient usage of channel resources, we introduce hybrid schemes using discrete-rate adaptation jointly with discrete-power adaptation and selection-diversity. To analyze the queuing operation, we characterize the channel state of each scheme and derive the transition probability of the queue state and its stationary distribution. Furthermore, we investigate the system performance, in terms of the spectral efficiency, the packet dropping rate and the average delay. Numerical results show that hybrid scheme offers noticeable performance gain over the conventional adaptive modulation.


We present a simulated annealing library for the Intel Paragon and other Unix-based systems. Our ensemble based, constant-speed approach is a true analog of annealing theory and compares favorably with other heuristic optimization techniques. Three types of parallelism are exploited for task distribution. The package includes diagnostic prooling to assist with the determination of annealing parameters. At the user's option some initializations can be performed adaptively. A sub-library for visual performance monitoring has been implemented on SGI workstations .


Steady unidirectional gravity-driven flow of a uniform thin rivulet (i.e., a rivulet with small transverse aspect ratio) of a generalized Newtonian fluid down a vertical planar substrate is considered. The parametric solution for any generalized Newtonian fluid whose viscosity can be expressed as a function of the shear rate and the explicit solution for any generalized Newtonian fluid whose viscosity can be expressed as a function of the extra stress are obtained. These general solutions are used to describe rivulet flow of Carreau and Ellis fluids, highlighting the similarities and differences between the behavior of these two fluids. In addition, the general behavior of rivulets of nearly Newtonian fluids and of rivulets with small or large prescribed flux as well as the behavior of rivulets of strongly shear-thinning Carreau and Ellis fluids are also described. It is found that whereas the monotonic dependence of the viscosity of a Carreau fluid on its three nondimensional parameters and of an Ellis fluid on two of its three nondimensional parameters leads to the expected dependence of the behavior of the rivulet on these parameters (namely, that increasing the viscosity of the fluid leads to a larger rivulet), the nonmonotonic dependence oftheviscosityofanEllisfluidonthenondimensionalparameterthatmeasuresthedegreeof shear thinning leads to a more complicated dependence of the behavior of the rivulet on this parameter. In particular, it is also found that when the maximum extra stress in the rivulet is sufficiently large a rivulet of an Ellis fluid in the strongly shear-thinning limit in which this parameter becomes large comprises two regions with different viscosities. In the general case of nonzero viscosity in the limit of large extra stress the two regions have different constant viscosities, whereas in the special case of zero viscosity in the limit of large extra stress one region has constant viscosity and the other has a nonconstant power-law viscosity, leading to a pluglike velocity profile with large magnitude in the narrow central region of the rivulet. of a two-dimensional film of prescribed uniform thickness of a nearly Newtonian Carreau fluid with μ ∞ = 0 and a small relaxation time down an inclined plane, but unfortunately the results obtained are compromised by a number of errors.


We construct a non-full exceptional collection of maximal length consisting of line bundles on the blow-up of the projective plane in 10 points in general position. This provides a counterexample to a conjecture of Kuznetsov and to a conjecture of Orlov.


A bloom of the planktonic dinoflagellate, Ornithocercus magnificus was reported for the first time in the surface waters of the off Kochi coastal region with an evidently higher density of 1.7 x 106 cells L-1 on 18.12.2019. No conspicuous colouration of the surface waters was noticed even with the higher abundance of (1.7 x 106 cells L-1) observed near the barmouth area (6-7 m). The tracking on the occurrence of this genus in this region from 2013 to 2019 revealed their occurrence only during three times over the six years, i.e. the post monsoon season of 2013 and 2014 and during pre-monsoon of 2016. The SST of the three stations of the post monsoon season was compared for the last three years from 2017 to 2019, and an evident variation in the SST distribution was noticed in this region. The SST in 2019 was 2.1°C higher than that observed during 2017. The occurrence of Ornithocercus magnificus showed a positive correlation with SST (rs =0.425, p<0.05). It was also noted that the occurrence of this species was observed during the El Nino years. The Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) also positively correlated with the SST during the period (rs =0.432, p<0.05). The higher abundance of this species in 2019 when warmer SST was observed and their positive correlation with SST indicates the preferences of O.magnificus to warmer waters. The Shannon and Weiner diversity index (H') ranged from 2.87-3.29 and the water quality index (WQI) remained good during the bloom. As Ornithocercus magnificus did occur during higher SST, this genus can be used as a proxy of climate change and hence has a strong potential to be used as indicator species of higher SST variation if found in novel environments.


With a large number of renewable energy connected, the penetration rate of grid connected inverter increases rapidly, and the interaction between converter and power grid and between converter and converter becomes more and more intense. The assumption that power grid is regarded as infinite power supply is no longer tenable. And a large number of new energy resource will change the transient instability mode of the power system and increase the risk of security and stability. In the process of simulation, how to establish a reduced order aggregate equivalent model of converter suitable for transient stability simulation becomes an urgent problem to be solved in the research of new energy resource connected. In this paper, based on singular perturbation theory, the reduced order modeling of DFIG (Doubly fed induction generator) converter is carried out. Firstly, according to the typical triggering criteria of DFIG relay protection action in transient stability problem, the modeling principles of relay protection and low voltage ride through behavior are analyzed, so as to accurately simulate the transient instability behavior of generator tripping. Secondly, a combined system of synchronous generator and DFIG wind turbine model is built. Different instability modes are classified by the time period and time scale of instability, and the influence of DFIG power supply on grid voltage instability is analyzed.


Kinematic interaction is well recognized as being the cause of the development of significant internal forces in the piles under seismic loading. Another aspect of kinematic interaction which is often overlooked is the modification of the effective foundation input motion. Both aspects are illustrated on a real project.


This presents the development of a modular web application to automate the management of the material resource processes of the principal's office of the educative program of Computer Systems Engineering (ISC Spanish Acronym) of the Universidad Politécnica de Francisco I. Madero (UPFIM) and the generated information linked with parents, in order to optimize time and materials. In addition to having information that automatically generates statistics and reports for pertinent analysis and decision-making, considering the unification of other modules in the future. The methodology to be used is its own previously defined based on principles of agile methodologies since it has key elements to implement it. This work intends to be implemented within the ISC educative program office and then shared with the other UPFIM programs.


The two elements in the key for the map in the News story 'Microcephaly surge in doubt' (Nature 530, 13–14; 2016) were accidentally swapped round. The corrected graphic can be seen at go.nature.com/ekmksk. The dollar conversion of €4.6 billion in the News story 'Science hubs win in major revamp' (Nature 530, 18–19; 2016) should have been US$5 billion not $5 million.


Based on the theory of multibody system, continuous contact force models and dynamic models of human body system are developed including the intrusion. Using Fortran Power Station tool,a simulation program is produced and the numerical results are given in the paper.


This paper explores the management of the Pase Upstream Working Area of  oil and gas (MIGAS) by Triangle Pase Inc as a Foreign Direct Investment, which is not according to the Revenue Sharing Agreement signed by the parties and regulations Indonesia. The main obstacle in the implementation of Foreign Direct Investment in the Upstream MIGAS sector in Pase Working Area is the failure to establish the APGE as a Joint Venture Company that operated as a subsidiary company required by the Investment Law and Regulation of the Minister of Trade 08/2017. It has a severe impact on the Aceh government's income from the cooperation management of the Upstream MIGAS sector in the Pase Working Area. The Arbitration Award that BANI has granted, which rejected The PDPA lawsuit, has reduced and even eliminated the privilege of the Aceh Government in managing the Upstream MIGAS sector in the Pase Working Area as stipulated by Law Number 11 of 2006 and Aceh's MIGAS Government Regulation.  As a solution, the BPMA has ordered Triangle Pase Inc. to revise the legality of APGE to comply with the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia. Therefore, the BPMA, as the regulator, and The PDPA as the parties in the Upstream MIGAS management in the Pase Working Area and Commission III of the Aceh's House of Representative to immediately summon Triangle Pase Inc. to resolve the dispute between The PDPA and Triangle Pase Inc. The PDPA, as the losing party in the award granted by BANI, needs to take immediate legal steps to prevent the execution of the BANI's Arbitration AwardKeywords: BPMA; Pase Upstream Working Area; MIGAS; Aceh Province


This study investigated the relationship between secondary school students' self-esteem and their attitude towards examination malpractice in Imo State. Two research questions were answered, and one null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance to guide the study. Correlation research design was adopted for this study. The population for this study consisted of 33,922 senior secondary school (SS2) students. Research sample consisted of 3,520 students selected through multi-stage sampling technique. The instruments used for the study were Hare Self-esteem Scale (HSS) and Examination Malpractice Attitude Scale (EMAS). Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used for data analysis. Results obtained from the study indicated that majority of the students in Imo state have high self-esteem. The result also showed that most of the students in Imo state have negative attitude towards examination malpractice. More so, the result revealed high positive significant relationship between secondary school students' self-esteem and their attitude towards examination malpractice. The study recommended, among others that Counsellors, teachers and researchers should strengthen their efforts in creating programmes that will help boost students' self-esteem, so that they would feel worthy and able to face examination without any need to indulge in any form of malpractice.


Publics hold chief executives uniquely responsible for national well-being, and they learn about national conditions through news. But when news disproportionately covers problems, what happens to democratic accountability? Here, we experimentally test how leader approval changes when crime loses prominence in news for a sustained period. We create an online news environment coding real news in real time, then experimentally filter news for nationally diverse U.S. panelists over 1 week. We find causal evidence that reducing crime news raises presidential approval and depresses problem importance evaluations for crime. No other leaders are credited, and reducing all problems produces no further gains. These effects persist well after exposure but dissipate within a week. We conclude with broad implications for journalism and democratic judgment.


A CERN article of May 2019 hints at a possible use of two non-Standard Model bosons in decays of the bottom quark (b --> c τ ν'). Three paths are explored in the present paper and exact properties of the hypothetical charged higgs and leptoquark are derived using Preon Model #9 which is a minor adaption of Preon Model #6 (Fearnley, May 2015). Finding these structures does not guarantee the existence of these new particles nor their use in the bottom decay paths as the preon model says nothing about energy requirements. The leptoquark found here has electric charge +2/3, spin zero, weak isospin +0.5, and a strong colour charge (red, green or blue). The charged higgs found here has electric charge -1, spin zero, weak isospin -0.5 and no colour charge. The leptoquark has as many preons as the higgs (16 preons in Model #9) whereas the charged higgs has 24 preons: which makes this charged higgs occupy a higher generation category than the higgs.


Abstract The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities' tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.


A herd management is crucial for better reproduction in dairy farm animals. The major herd infertility problems are arising from manage mental factors. Various factors affecting the reproductive process are environment, endocrine, nutrition, heredity and infectious which lead to conditions like anoestrus, infertility, early embryonic death, abortion, mummification, still birth and endocrine logical imbalance or reproductive abnormalities which results into poor reproductive efficiency. Heat detection in herd made successful breeding program following correct time performing artificial insemination. A reproductive management of herd leads to higher conception rates in animals with optimizing the calving intervals and culling rates in herd.


Sexual harassment, a widespread problem in the workplace, arguably keeps female employees from optimally employing their human capital. We show that removing or diminishing this friction improves productivity. Specifically, using the male-dominated fund industry as our testing ground, we show that productivity of female mutual fund managers significantly increased after the Harvey Weinstein scandal and the onset of the #MeToo movement. Evidence from lawsuits and organizational changes at several fund companies also suggests that reducing the threat of sexual harassment improves productivity. Our results have important implications for the policy debate on workforce diversity and costs of sexual harassment.


The allocation of capital expenditure especially on infrastructure expenditure on local financial budget, is very important, because it can increasing public service. The increase of public service will also increase the own revenues. The increase ot own revenues will endorse the economic productivity. Local goverment also needs transfer fund from the central goverment, for development. It means that capital expenditure is depends on own revenues and transfer fund. Capital expenditure partially used to funding maintenance expenditure. It means the policy of local goverment on the spending of capital expenditure will effects on maintenance expenditure. The research aimed to see the effect of resource of revenues that consist of own revenues and transfer fund to capital expenditure, and the effect of capital expenditure to maintenance expenditure in regions/municipals in Central Java and Yogyakarta province. The result shows that own revenue is effecting the capital expenditure, but transfer fund is not effected by the capital expenditure, the capital expenditure is effecting the maintenance expenditure.


Objective
To investagate the change of creatine kinase MB isoenzymes(CK-MB)in children with rotavirus diarrhea and to explore the value of CK-MB/CK in the diagnosis of myocardial damage.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestation, laboratory test data and treatment was performed in children with rotavirus diarrhea and high CK-MB hospitalized in department of infectious disease, Sihong Children Hospital.We investigated the dynamic changes of CK-MB in the rotavirus diarrhea patients with and without myocardial damage.Within the non-myocardial damage group, the fluctuation of CK-MB was compared between patients with nutrition therapy and patients with conventional therapy.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to explore the predictive value of CK-MB/CK for the myocardial damage.

Results
A total of 603 patients(369 males, 234 females, aged 2~48 months) with high CK-MB were enrolled in this study(36 cases with myocardial damage). There were 54.6% of enrolled patients showing higher CK-MB and 3.3% of patients had myocardial damage.The levels of serum CK-MB in non-myocardial damage group reached the peak on day 7 and decreased to normal in 14 days.The levels of serum CK-MB in myocardial damage group reached the peak on day 14 and maintained at fairly high level for 8 weeks and then decreased to normal .Time for CK-MB to achieve peak is different between these two groups.There was no statistical significance in the levels of serum CK-MB on day1 to day 14 between patients with or without myocardial protection(P>0.05). The ROC curves were constructed with area under the ROC curves of 0.697(0.611, 0.784, 95%CI).

Conclusion
Intrinsic dynamics of CK-MB existed in patients with rotavirus diarrhea.The diagnostic value of CK-MB is limited in patients with myocardial damage.

Key words:
CK-Mb isoenzyme; Rotavirus infections; Dynamic changes; Myocardial damage


Much of the mobile mapping activity in Australia has been applied to the mapping of railways. Over the last decade the process has evolved from one narrowly focused upon establishing the position of track centrelines to one which includes the position and geometry of the track, imagery and detailed attributes of all trackside features. This broader perspective has been required as the mobile mapping processes have become a core requirement for the development of railway asset management systems. Positioning sensors installed on the mapping platform include GPS receivers (differential pseudo-range), shaft encoders for the measurement of travelled distance, direction sensors and tilt meters. Measurements from these sensors are taken at regular epochs and a Kalman filter is employed to integrate these and compute strings of 3D coordinates to locate the track centerline. The location of trackside features is achieved through photogrammetry, the number and configuration of the cameras being determined by the level of detail required. The preferred form of representing railway track geometry is as a continuous series of straights and curves with defined tangent points. Whilst the need for this form of geometry arises out of a business requirement for the management of the track as an asset, the representation of the track in this format has additional benefits. These include improving the accuracy of the track centreline position and providing a simple mechanism for combining a number of sets of track centreline data into a single spatial database. This paper reviews the processes used to map track centrelines and discusses the algorithms employed in reducing the coordinate strings to the required geometric format. In the horizontal plane, the string of coordinates provided by the Kalman filter is reduced to a series of straights, transition curves and circular curves. The vertical profiles are reduced to a series of straights and parabolas. The processes are essentially those of curve fitting but with added challenges of ensuring the smooth intersection of each component curve into a continuous path.


Objective:To investigate the effect of preoperative neoadjuvent chemotherapy with BIP on ⅠB2~ⅡB Locally advanced cervical squamous cell cancer.Methods:132 of primary Locally advanced cervical squamous cell cancer in stage ⅠB2~ⅡB were diagnosed by pathology in the affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College between 2005-2010.They were managed by regiment of BIP chemotherapy for 1~2 cycles and followed by the therapeutic value.Results: Preoperative neoadjuvent chemotherapy with BIP could remit symptoms and significantly decreased the primary tumor sizes.The rates of positive pelvic lymph node metastasis was significantly lower.The method could apparently increase the chance of operation.The overall response rate was 84.7%.The rate of surgery after chemotherapy was 95.9%.Conclusion: Neoadjuvent chemotherapy with BIP is a new and effective method for treatment of stageⅠB2~ⅡBLocal advanced cervical cancer.Neoadjuvent chemotherapy by vein is convenient and economical,it also should be spread widely at clinic.


Previous systematic reviews and meta‐analysis of sleep interventions with young adults have not reached consensus on what contributes to their efficacy. Behaviour‐change theories may influence the efficacy of interventions; hence, the aim of this research was to investigate the role of such theories in sleep interventions with this population. Six electronic databases and reference lists were searched (April–May 2021) for published sleep behaviour‐change interventions with emerging adults (aged 18–29 years) that used control groups. A selection of 20 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, but only six were based on behaviour‐change theories. Meta‐analysis was run with eight studies, as the others had a high risk of bias or did not present the necessary data to calculate Hedges' g. The estimation of a random effects model for the studies showed a small effect in the sleep quality of the participants in the experimental group (g = −0.26; 95% confidence interval −0.42 to −0.09), with low levels of heterogeneity (I2 = 21%), and a small 95% prediction interval (−0.59 to 0.08). Although we could not examine theory or any other moderators of the effect, a qualitative analysis of the behaviour‐change techniques present in the interventions leads us to hypothesise that there is not a direct link between behaviour‐change techniques and the success of the intervention. Other characteristics of the interventions may be linked to their variable levels of efficacy and should be investigated in the future, as for now there are no answers as to what the key is for successful sleep interventions.


We have developed a two-beam scanning interferometer utilizing different liquid crystal cells as active elements controlled by externally applied low-frequency fields. The response time of these scanning elements is typically in milliseconds or longer. The role of the applied fields as well as the schlieren response of the medium in the operation of the interferometer is discussed in the light of the observed performance.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the completeness of data describing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status in NSW invasive meningococcal disease notifications and determine the relative risk for invasive meningococcal disease among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in NSW.

METHODS
Surveillance data from the NSW Notifiable Diseases Database was reviewed for 5-year periods between 1991 and 2005.

RESULTS
Invalid and missing data on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status decreased from 42% to 8% during the study period. Higher rates of disease were found in young children and significantly higher rates in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 0-4 years compared with their non-Aboriginal counterparts.

CONCLUSION
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in NSW experience higher rates of notified invasive meningococcal disease than non-Aboriginal children.


Personal Knowledge of Being a Teacher.- A Paradigm of Meaning, Language and "Silence".- Explicating Methodological Commitments.- Autobiographical Reflexive Approach in the Context of Teaching Language and Culture for Specific Purposes.- Exploring and Implementing the Autobiographical Reflexive Approach.- Three Stories Exploring What a Good Foreign Language Learning is.- Epilogue: Teaching as Hermeneutic Phenomenological Investigation.


Successful leadership is not the result of simply obtaining a position, but rather possessing the knowledge and understanding of successful leadership skills along with the personal ability to effectively implement those skills. Hence, "School leaders need impressive skills to provide effective leadership in our diverse school environments". However Leadership is not a concept for self but it should be rightly perceived by followers. This study compares perception of school principals on their own leadership attributes and as perceived by their teachers. Self developed questionnaire titled My Attributes & Attribute of My Principal was used as tool and administered over 178 teachers and 18 principals from Secondary School in Malaysia. Independent sample t test was conducted on the data, which revealed a significant difference between perceptions of principals on their leadership, attributes and perception of teachers on attributes of their principal.


In this study, we present a new technique for the development of a dual frequency microstrip antenna. Two identical polarizations at two far apart frequencies have been generated in a compact configuration which uses two elements fed by a single feed line. This design technique provides an independent control to the desired frequencies and reduces element size by 50% compared to the conventional design at the cost of a marginal decrease in gain. The proposed antenna produces dual resonances at 4.056 and 4.96 GHz. It yields impedance bandwidths of about 1.71% at the lower resonance and 1.41% at the higher resonance respectively. It exhibits 7.0 and 6.6 dBi gains at the lower and upper resonances respectively which are 0.3 and 0.7 dB lower than a conventional patch. The measured cross polar discriminations of the proposed antenna are also comparable to the conventional patch. The measured efficiencies are 81.3% and 78.1% respectively.


Modal analysis of hydraulic press is the core of the whole hydraulic structure dynamic design.Through the YT71S-2400 composite hydraulic press modal analysis,the inherent frequency and vibration model of the hydraulic press-die coupling structure under partial prestressed state were got,and the first ten order modal vibration characteristic of the state were analyzed,it also can gain the harmful vibration mode and its location for the hydraulic press coupling structure,and provides reference for dynamic characteristics of the overall design.At the same time,through the study it can be concluded that minimum frequency of the hydraulic press-die coupling model in partial prestressed state is far bigger than its working frequency,and it won't produce resonance,but in the range of infrasonic wave,so it should be pay attention to protect the possible noise pollution.


A key issue in remote sensing is the selective capture of images from specific wavelength bands. We have recently demonstrated a highly-efficient system for performing this task that uses grating electromechanical system (GEMS) light modulation: technology that was originally conceived and developed at Eastman Kodak Company for use in the high-end commercial display market.1, 2 Our new system enables the rapid selection of highquality user-defined wavelength bands across a large format TDI (time-delay-and-integration) scanning or area-array staring sensor. Our microelectromechanical-system(MEMS-) programmable spectral imaging (MPSI) brassboard system was designed with a custom, 50-channel GEMS modulator for linear-scan imaging (see Figure 1). GEMS is a diffractive-MEMS spatial light modulator that contains a linear array of actuators capable of high-speed operation, high optical contrast, and good efficiency. The system is configured as a double-pass (disperse/de-disperse) imaging spectrometer and targets a pushbroom scanning architecture (sequential capture of linear images) with a TDI image sensor. Compatibility with TDI scanning provides a>20× scan-rate advantage over conventional hyperspectral imagers. The optical system includes three lens groups that are arranged in a one-toone-to-one imaging configuration, with a patterned mirror and transmission volume phase grating placed near the common focus of all three lenses. In a remote sensing system, the fore optics (not shown) would collect light to form an image at the entrance slit. The band-pass characteristicsof the MPSI system are shown in Figure 2(a). As currently configured, the 32-channel system has a range of approximately 450-700nm with 14 narrow 5nm bands near the center of the spectral range and 18 wider 10nm bands near the edges. The bandwidth of each band is determined by the diffraction optics (grating pitch and lens focal length), the Figure 1. The MPSI system design is shown along side a view of the patterned mirror that acts as a selective optical stop to pass only the bands chosen by the GEMS device.


To investigate the relationship of step length to the sex‐specific prevalence and worsening of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–detected structural damage in the patellofemoral (PF) joint among a cohort of older women and men with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA).


Benefits of effective sourcing Better economies of scale can be achieved if orders within a firm are aggregated. Reduction in the overall cost of purchasing (for items with large number of low value transaction). Design collaboration can result in products that are easier to manufacture and distribute, resulting in lower overall costs. ( for products that contribute a significant amount to product cost and value) Coordination with the supplier and improve forecasting and planning. Appropriate supplier contracts can allow for the sharing of risk, resulting in higher profits for both the supplier and the buyer. Firms can achieve a lower purchase price by increasing competition through the use of auctions.


Nowadays, sub developed countries are presenting a growing tendency of technological implementation based on renewable energy. For which is very common to make meteorological factors predictions, to guarantee a better performance in accord to the climate variability. With this work the validation of the global solar radiation predicting models involving geographic and / or meteorological factors for the city of Bogota DC is made. This validation is based on the comparison of the results from the models with the experimental data and NASA, IDEAM, SWERA, METEONORM, CAR data bases. The results obtained from this work identify the error of the used models, defining the most appropriate one to predict the global solar radiation including the location and weather of the northern area of Bogota.


Submitted for the DPP07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Excited Ar II Emission Characteristics in Helicon Plasmas JOHN SCHARER, CHRISTOPHER DENNING, MATT WIEBOLD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, ALEX DEGELING, University of Alberta, ROD BOSWELL, Australian National University — Wave field, peak Ar II 443 nm emission, and antenna code modeling have shown phase velocities in helicon sources that are in close agreement for moderate density and magnetic field (ne =1.2-4 x 10 12 /cc and 100-200 G) experiments at the Australian National University and University of Wisconsin. The phase velocities correspond to parallel electron energies in the range of 16-46 eV and the peak electron density occurs 10-15 cm from the end of the antennas indicating that fast accelerated electrons may play a role in helicon source operation. Higher plasma density experiments (>2-8x1012 cm−3 and higher magnetic fields) on the Australian National University and University of Wisconsin helicon facilities have both shown a peak excited Ar II 443 nm rf modulated emission signal that is in phase along the direction parallel to the magnetic field when the plasma is in the dense helicon (or "blue") mode. Interpretations of these observations and recent measurements will be presented. John Scharer University of Wisconsin-Madison Date submitted: 17 Jul 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


Face Recognition represents one of the attractive research areas. It has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its varying applications such as security, healthcare, marketing, identity authentication, surveillance etc. In this order, different face recognition algorithms have been proposed however, one algorithm that stands out in the event of limited dataset is one shot learning. "One shot" means learning from a single training item. This paper discusses a way for solving this problem. Neural networks are notorious for requiring extremely large datasets to reach a considerable accuracy. This paper proposes a method to solve this problem for the face recognition domain by bringing down the number of training samples required to just one and still achieving a decent accuracy close to 90%.


The utility model discloses a bullhead shape pipe clamp, which is provided with two parallel tube plates, crossbeams are fixed between the two tube plates, a U-shaped bolt is connected to the crossbeam via nuts, two protrusions with an 90 degrees included angle between two central lines are arranged on the tube plates, and the protrusions are fixed with pin bosses. By utilizing the method of fixing two pin bosses on the tube plates, the bullhead shape pipe clamp smartly solves the problem of simultaneously supporting the X direction and the Y direction just by one pipe clamp, thereby reducing extra bearing of pipes and decreasing cost, and additionally, the pipe clamp can be widely applied to design and installation of pipes in industries of nuclear power, thermoelectricity, petrify, metallurgy and the like.


In this lecture we will (1) develop the governing PNS (Parobolized Navier-Stokes) equations for ideal gas, equilibrium air and nonequilibrium air, (2) develop the numerical algorithm to solve these equations, (3) apply the algorithm to compute the hypersonic flow past a simple geometrical shape such as a sharp cone at zero incidence, and (4) discuss the results in terms of the various gas models. Some of the expressions in this lecture have been derived in detail for the ideal/equilibrium model only.


Juvenile scleroderma is a rare disease and rarely reported in the literature. We report two cases with different sex and age groups; one had limited dermatological involvement while the other one had wide systemic involvement. Discussions and literature review were made on the different types and management of juvenile scleroderma.


The paper presents results of studies on the structure of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films (ta-C) with a thickness in the range from 20 to 280 nm, deposited using pulsed vacuum arc technique with an electromagnetic Venetian blind plasma filter. The results of the phase structure analysis, obtained using visible Raman spectroscopy and UV Raman spectroscopy methods, showed a strong dependence of the results on the presence, on the surface of synthesized thin carbon films, even of a minimum number of microparticles. The presence of microparticles in the deposited coatings strongly affects the accuracy of the measured data, used next for calculation the ID/IG, IT/IG ratios and determination of the G-peak dispersion, for all coating thicknesses, which pointed to significant diversification in sp3-bonds content in deposited films.


this article describes the main disadvantages and ways of improvement of corporate income taxation mechanism inUkraine. There is examined influence of income tax rate and exemptions on revenues to the state budget. It is analyzed the dynamics of budget losses due to preferential enterprise income tax and observed performance of planned receipts of income tax to consolidated budget of Ukraine. Conclusions are drawn about introducing a system of differential rates of income tax, reviewing the list of tax incentives and using the accelerated depreciation method that reduces the tax base. All recommendations are based on the analysis of the experience and in comparison with foreign countries.


A single economic space is created by the conditions of globalization, where corporations become the main economic actors. In this circumstance, the issues of corporate governance, especially the prevention and resolution of corporate conflicts, require the closest attention. In this chapter, the authors will try to answer the question of the possible economic consequences of major corporate conflicts and assess the degree of potential impact on the parameters of company activity: in the first part of the research, key financial indicators, credit ratings capitalization; in the second part of the research, the global economy, investment and economic growth, the dynamics of financial markets, investment climate, capital flows, etc.


A new method is presented to estimate the loss resistance of antennas located slightly above a lossy medium. This technique is more specifically developed for the context of body area networks. This method is based on the estimation of the antenna resistance above the medium and above a perfect electric conductor.


One good answer for the difficulty of programming comes from Frederick Brooks, a noted software engineer and author of the essay "No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering". This essay can be found at http://www.lips.utexas.edu/ee382c-15005/Readings/Readings1/05-Broo87.pdf. In this essay, Brooks discusses the complexity of most computer programs. This complexity makes programs difficult to design and test.


Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument for understanding female adolescents' reproductive and sexual self-care behaviors. Methods A methodological study was conducted. In the qualitative phase, individual in-depth interviews were performed to develop the initial questionnaire. In the quantitative part, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated. Findings The initial questionnaire with 128 items was reviewed by the research team and taking into account the cut-off point 1.5 for the item impact and 0.62 for the content validity ratio (CVR), the number of questions fell to 82 items. S-CVR and S-content validity index (CVI) rations were 0.83 and 0.91, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis led to 74 items in seven dimensions. The alpha Cronbach's coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.895 and the intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 0.91. Conclusion The questionnaire developed in this study is reliable and valid for assessing female adolescents' sexual and reproductive self-care.


Objective To establish the methods of detecting mycobacterial filterable forms,and to study their microbiology characteristics.Methods The specific features of membrane-filtered of bacterial excretion by patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had been studied.The ultra-fine forms of M.tuberculosis were detected indirectly by culture on liquid semi-synthetic media and subsequent microscopy,then by immunohistochemistry stain(IHC) and fluorescence quantitive polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR).Part of them were re-confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).Results The cultivation was accompanied by the formation of acid-fast granues or coccoid forms of mycobacteria that could be detected when the material was inoculated on to semi-synthetic medium and by microscopy of the sediment.The cell wall-deficient bacteria or dense bodies were found by TEM.The positive rate of FQ-PCR before and after filter by 0.45 μm films was 53% from mycobacteria and their L-forms culture.Conclusions Among the population,filterable forms organisms carry the genetic information of the species and capable of replication.The results of the detection of M.tuberculosis ultramicro forms with the use of the biological and bacteriological methods indicate that both these methods are highly effective and informative.


Specific incorporation of 14C from [9-14C]palmitate into the antibiotic brefeldin-A is observed, and explained in terms of biosynthesis via an oxygenative 5,9-cyclization of a 1,15-lactonized C16-polyene acid.


Development and survival of the egg predator Chilocorus kuwanae (the Korean lady beetle) were higher on Unaspis euonymi than on eggs of Chionaspis pinifoliae or Chionaspis salicisnigrae. Although C. kuwanae may select a variety of ovipositional sites, females most often deAosit a single egg under the test of a female scale insect. Eggs were found beneath U. euonymi tests in mid to late April, early July, and early to mid-October. Because the euonymus scale has three overlapping generations annually, an ample food supply is available to the Korean lady beetle. As such, inundative releases of the lady beetle into scale-infested areas may play an important role in the control of selected coccoid species in private as well as commercial plantings. objectives of this study to evaluate the development and behavior of C. kuwanae and U. euonymi and to establish the predator on populations of euonymus scale in


Disclosed are a method for implanting ions in a Semicon ductor proceSS and a method for fabricating Semiconductor devices using the Same. The method for implanting ions comprises Steps of providing a Semiconductor Substrate; and implanting BF impurities or mixed BF and B, impu rities into the semiconductor Substrate. The mixed BF and B impurities may be sequentially implanted, in the order of BF first and B second or in the order of B first and BF Second, into the Semiconductor Substrate. If the ion implan tation as described above is applied to a process for fabri cating Semiconductor devices, it is expected that refresh and cell current properties of Semiconductor devices can be enhanced.