The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is an extension of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). It can be expanded into the vehicle routing problem with pick-up and delivery (VRP-PD). One of the current real problem is that there are drivers in various places to serve customers by picking up and shipping goods to/from their location within the same day. As this service gaining its popularity, more and more customers must be served making it necessary to determine the efficient and effective vehicle routes for simultaneous pickup and delivery activities. This study proposes a genetic algorithm-based approach to this problem. An example problem is conducted to assess its practicality before real problems application.The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is an extension of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). It can be expanded into the vehicle routing problem with pick-up and delivery (VRP-PD). One of the current real problem is that there are drivers in various places to serve customers by picking up and shipping goods to/from their location within the same day. As this service gaining its popularity, more and more customers must be served making it necessary to determine the efficient and effective vehicle routes for simultaneous pickup and delivery activities. This study proposes a genetic algorithm-based approach to this problem. An example problem is conducted to assess its practicality before real problems application.


In Australia, many regions of high geothermal potential are concentrated in arid areas, and these environments present a challenge for cooling. To achieve consistently low condenser temperatures evaporative cooling is ideal, but the requirement for an ongoing supply of water makes this unrealistic for large plants in such environments. Dry cooling by fan-forced methods is inefficient and can affect the plant's ability to consistently achieve low condenser temperatures, incurring a performance penalty during periods of high ambient temperatures. Collins [1] proposes a concept to use shallow aquifers for intermittent heat storage, with the aim of eliminating the need to carry out energy-intensive air cooling during periods of high ambient temperature. Despite the anticipated benefits of the scheme, a summary of the availability of suitable shallow aquifers was absent and it is this aspect that the current paper seeks to address.


Tell a child what is the ethical thing to do in,a given situation, and you have helped him/her for the day. Teach a child a process not bounded by particular situations that will enable him/her to both know and do what is ethical, and you have helped him/her for a life time. It is this latter point of view that characterizes the in structional program, Skills for Ethical Action (SEA). This pro gram 1 seeks to teach seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-grade stu dents a process that will en able them not only to make reasoned decisions about value questions rising in their own lives, but also to act on those decisions. This focus on behavior differentiates SEA from most moral/values education programs on the market. The majority of these efforts are aimed at raising the students' level of moral rea soning or helping them to clarify their values. The SEA program is based on the premise that aiding self-actualization through values clarifica tion or teaching how to make judgments about moral or ethical issues is not enough. The stu dents must also be helped to link their values and moral reasoning to their behavior. Unless such a pattern is developed, the students will not be equipped to act in response to the varied ethical questions that arise. They may be able to decide what action they should take, but not make the important connection between judgment and action. Making judgments can become a game if not always seen as a genuine process what to do. of deciding


Summary Bacteriocin-like activity (BLA) was screened in 133 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional Thai fermented sausages. The inhibition assay against the test organisms showed that eight out of 133 isolates (CP1-15, CP2-11, CP3-1, CP7-3, CP10-3, CP11-6, CP14-1 and CP14-4) suppressed the growth of Bacillus cereus and four (CP1-15, CP7-3, CP14-2 and CP14-3) suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but none could suppress the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. The isolates with the highest activity against the two Gram positive test strains (CP3-1 for B. cereus and CP7-3 for S. aureus) were further investigated for the effect of heat treatment at different pH values and for combined effects of dual mixtures. The increase in heating temperature (between 65 and 100 o C) and time (between 5 and 60 min) significantly decreased BLA, while the changes in pH (between 4 and 6) had little effect. When the filtrates of the two isolates were mixed, BLA seemed to be synergistic against each test strain. Regression equations were obtained by fitting the experimental percent inhibition data with second-order polynomial equations. The simulated data agreed well with the experimental data within 10 % when the filtrates were incubated at 65 o C for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min and at 80 o C for 5, 15 and 30 min. The isolates CP3-1 and CP7-3, which had an antagonistic effect against the two strains of Gram positive foodborne bacteria, were formerly identified as Weissella confusa and Pediococcus acidilactici, respectively. It is the researcher's belief that this is the first report on BLA from W. confusa against B. cereus.


Background—Termination of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) can be achieved through ablation, with the majority of patients terminating to an atrial tachycardia (AT) and fewer directly to sinus rhythm (SR). We aimed to identify potential predictors for the existence of a substrate for AT on termination to SR. Methods and Results—We assessed 95 persistent AF patients (age, 60±10 years) who underwent catheter ablation to the end point of AF termination. Forty patients terminated directly to SR (SRterm) and 55 to ATs (ATterm). Compared with the ATterm group, the SRterm group were younger (56±10 versus 63±9 years, P=0.001), had shorter durations of AF before ablation (9±26 versus 14±20 months, P<0.001), smaller left atrial diameters (41±5 versus 45±5 mm, P=0.015), and longer baseline AF cycle lengths (178±23 versus 159±31 ms, P=0.005). However, AF cycle length was the sole independent predictor of direct termination to SR. The most frequent AF termination site in SRterm patients was the pulmonary veins (53%), whereas in ATterm patients this was within the left atrium (58%). After follow-up of 12±6 months, there was a trend toward a greater proportion of patients in SR among those who terminated directly to SR after a single procedure. The most frequent type of recurrence was paroxysmal AF in SRterm patients and AT in ATterm patients. Conclusions—Patients who terminate to SR through ablation without an intermediate AT are characterized by a less altered arrhythmogenic substrate. Baseline AF cycle lengths emerged as a sole independent predictor of a substrate for consecutive arrhythmias.


Religions are a set of beliefs, attitudes, and practices about transcendence. They are formed by complex social and cultural rituals and customs. Given that religion is also vital to the Indigenous Peoples, this study employed the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) to measure and understand the nuances of the religiosity of the Indigenous youth of Cordillera, also known as Igorots, in the Philippines. The Cordilleran youth's religiosity is particularly interesting to the researchers because their autochthonous religion is marked by a cosmology that includes hundreds of deities and elaborate rituals accompanying personal and social events. Data collected from 151 university students showed that Cordilleran youth are highly religious, and those living in rural areas are more religious than the younger participants. The Cordilleran youth strongly prefer private practice and scored high in the ideology dimension of CRS. They tend to devote themselves to transcendence in their personal space through individualized activities and rituals. This study also found that the religiosity of the select Cordilleran youth was ambivalent, defined as the coexistence of different ideas or feelings in the mind or a single context. It shows the inter-religiosity of the Indigenous youth as expressed in the engagement of religious practices. This paper discussed these significant results and explored their implications for the Indigenous Peoples and the Cordilleran youth.


A wide variety of 1,4-diynes have been constructed via a novel FeCl3-catalyzed coupling reaction of propargylic alcohols with alkynylsilanes. This synthetic approach provides a general, efficient, ...


Via the example of PbS self-assembled nanodots on InP(110) we show that spontaneous self-organization at semiconductor interfaces can be achieved due to different lattice structure of the constituents with close lattice constants. Regularly shaped triangular pyramidal PbS dots almost perfectly oriented on the substrate and distributed reasonably uniform in size can be grown in this way by molecular beam epitaxy. The average lateral dot size can be varied between 15 and 35 nm by appropriate choice of growth temperature and total PbS coverage.


A new formulation for the analysis of propagation of electromagnetic waves over imperfectly conducting planar surfaces is proposed. The classical approach for the analysis of this problem uses the Sommerfeld formulation. In Sommerfeld formulation, the wave function corresponding to a point source is expanded in terms of the propagation constants of the various waves in the radial direction from the source. This gives rise to the well-known Sommerfeld integrals which are highly oscillatory and slowly-decaying in nature, especially when the source is mounted just on top of a planar boundary between two media of arbitrary conductivity. In addition, the nature of the convergence for these integrals is extremely slow and may not yield stable results. In this dissertation we present an approach, developed originally by Schelkunoff, which expands the wave function in terms of the waves emanating perpendicular to the planar interface, not parallel to it as in Sommerfeld formulation. Expressions are given for both cases of vertical and horizontal electric dipoles on top of a planar interface. The debatable nature of this problem is unavoidable, thus a detailed analytical comparison between the Sommerfeld integrals and the expressions derived here is given. Based on the study given in this dissertation, the true rationale in relating the work of Zenneck and Sommerfeld to the relatively new field of surface plasmons is exposed. A detailed literature study as well as an analytical critique of the field of plasmonics and its relation to SommerfeldZenneck surface waves is presented. Finally, some applications of the new formulation are discussed using numerical simulations. A STUDY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OVER IMPERFECT GROUND PLANES BASED ON SCHELKUNOFF INTEGRALS By Walid Mohamed Galal Dyab B.Sc. Alexandria University, 2003 M.Sc. Alexandria University, 2007


A coupler cover (4) has a space chamber (24) defined in the inner circumference of a central opening through which a piston rod (6) of a pneumatic actuator (5) extends. The space chamber communicates to the atmosphere. Through this chamber exhaust gas from an engine liable to folw to the side of the acuator is guided to be discharged to the atmosphere. A first ring (8) and a second ring (19) are disposed in an alternately stacked relationship of one upon the other within and along the longitudinal axis of the piston rod passing opening. The first ring has a relatively small inner circumference clearance and a relatively large outer circumference clearance. The second ring has a relatively large inner circumference clearance and a relatively small outer circumference clearance.


And WANG Chang-ling to hold Tang representative writer who poem sen d GAO Shi, the frontier fortress poems of they act as and represent of our count ry frontier fortress the supreme competenceses of poems. But because the existen ce in individual character, experiencing, era,etc.,various kinds of main objecti ve factors, make the frontier fortqess poem of the two have similar quality, the re is difference quality.


Method for producing a polymer of the present invention includes the steps of continuously feeding a monomer containing a conjugated diene compound and / or an aromatic vinyl compound into the polymerization vessel (1), a solution containing an organic lithium compound in the polymerization vessel wherein a continuously fed to step (2), a, in the step (2), the linear velocity at the opening of the feed port of a solution containing an organic lithium compound is 0.1 to 5 m / sec.


Churg-Strauss syndrome is a vasculitis of medium to small sized vessels. Diagnosis is mainly clinical with findings of asthma, eosinophilia, rhinosinusitis and signs of vasculitis in major organs. Vitamin D is thought to be important for maintaining normal function of many non-skeletal tissues such as muscle (including heart muscle), immune function, and inflammation as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. The authors are reporting a case of 56 yrs. old male, a known patient of reactive airway disease who was diagnosed to have Churg Strauss Syndrome associated with severe Vitamin D deficiency and degenerative bone disease. There is a deficiency of adequate documentation of this syndrome along with Vitamin D deficiency in the present medical literature available.


Page-based virtual memory suffers from costly page walks because of the gap between application workload sizes and TLB capacity. In this paper, we propose a tagged-pointer-based system, FlexPointer, to solve this problem. FlexPointer creates memory ranges from objects larger than a certain threshold by allocating contiguous physical pages for them. Virtual addresses within a range share a common translation entry, thus greatly expanding the TLB capacity. Because such objects are rare, we can assign each of them a unique ID and pass it to the hardware in pointer tags. According to our trace-based simulation results, FlexPointer can reduce nearly all the L1 TLB misses and page walks for a variety of memory-intensive workloads, providing a 14% performance improvement on average.


The Type Differentiation Indicator (TDI) was administered to a sample of426 married and premarital couples along with a large battery of other instruments. Unlike most other studies, this report examined marriage patterns and satisfaction at the level of type, rather than at the level of individual preferences. Questions about marriage patterns included: 1)Do opposites attract? 2)Are certain types likely to be married more often? and 3) What types tend to be more satisfied with their marriages? The question about marital and premarital satisfaction was addressed by using canonical correlation analysis to examine the overall relationship between the couples' scores on the 27 TDI scales and a standard measure ofcouples' satisfaction. This analysis suggests that couples inwhich both partners score toward certain poles ofthe TDI are more likely to evidence greater satisfaction in certain areas oftheir relationship. Questions frequently asked by those new to type include: Which are the best types to be married to one another? Did type have anything to do with why I was attracted to my partner? Can type explain why we are having difficulties, or why I am no longer with my partner? Most such questions can be orga nized into two broad themes: who marries whom; and how satisfied they are once they are married. Although popular books purport to answer these questions (e.g., Keirsey & Bates, 1978), there have been surprisingly few attempts to study the themes empirically. In addition to being of interest to cou ples themselves, these questions are of interest to type theorists and to marriage and family counselors. The question of which types are attracted to and marry one another should be of interest to type theo rists because of the potential for insight into type dy namics and perhaps even into the process of individ Page 16 Journal of Psychological Type, Vol. 36,1996 uation. If consistent patterns of attraction or mar riage are uncovered, we may learn more about the conscious or unconscious needs of the different types. Attraction patterns may also help us to understand the relationship of marriage to individuation. Marriage or intimacy may be partially a means of achieving wholeness. The longing to find the "per fect" mate may represent in part an attempt to perfect the Self; to arrive at the Self through a relationship with the Other. It is the belief that people are attrac ted to one another in part out of a desire to achieve wholeness that underlies the frequently stated hy pothesis that opposites attract (Keirsey&Bates,1978). Spoto (1989) discussed the issue of attraction and its relationship to individuation, reporting little evi dence of opposites' attracting, or at least marrying, as a way to achieve wholeness. He wrote that although opposites are indeed unconsciously attracted to one another, such attraction is now usually in the context of short-term extramarital relationships. And in a probably unintended double entendre, he noted that marriage is no longer the "hotbed" of individuation that it may once have been. Spoto believes that peo ple are now, at least consciously, looking for safety, not excitement, in marriage. Marriage and family counselors are usually less interested in the dynamics of attraction than in the particular problems or issues that might be associated with certain type pairings. Because counselors must deal with the couples' types as given, they want to know how particular problems presented by couples may be related to their type preferences. Counselors can use this information to defuse some of the blam ing and anger often expressed by couples in therapy and can help couples objectify the behaviors and see how each person has legitimate needs based on his or her preferences. Marriage counselors also can use type information to identify potential strengths re lated to preferences that can serve as resources in the therapeutic process. Sherman (1981) has conducted the most compre hensive research on couples' satisfaction. Counting the number of individual preferences in common, she found that people are more likely to marry types ex actly like or similar to their own (more on this later) than they are to marry opposite types. However, her most significant contribution was to delineate prefer ence combinations that reported the most problems in relationships. Differences or similarities on the E-I scale had the most impact on reported problems; male introverts living with an extraverted female re ported the most problems. Hammer's (1987) research also addressed the issue of the relationship between a couple's type pref erences and the kinds of problems and strengths they experience. A large number of sentences describing the effects of various combinations of preferences in a close relationship was generated from the literature and from clinical experience. Each of these sentences was rated for accuracy by a group of type experts who had also practiced couples' counseling, by coun selors working with couples whose type was known to them, and/or by the couples themselves. A de scription of particular strengths and weaknesses asso ciated with each possible pairing of preferences emerged. For example, the sentence "When talking, the sensing type may become frustrated by the intu itive type's tendency to be vague and abstract" was rated by all sources as an accurate description of a potential problem between a sensing partner and an intuitive partner. The research reported in this paper seeks to ex pand on the work of Sherman (1981) and Hammer (1987) in two ways: first, by examining the questions of both attraction and satisfaction using complete types rather than individual preferences; and second, by using the scales from the Type Differentiation Indicator (TDI; Saunders, 1987) to examine the rela tionship between type and satisfaction. Because the TDI consists of 27 scales and also yields the MBTI type, it provides a richer source of data with which to examine the effect of similarities or differences on couples' satisfaction. This paper reports the first, ex ploratory, phase of this research.


A bipyrazolato-bridged tetra-palladium(Ⅱ) cyclic complex, {[(dmbpy)Pd]2(μ-L)}•(PF6)4•2(C4H10O) •(H2O) (μ-L=1, 2-bis (3, 5-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)benzene), was synthesized and characterized by the 1H NMR, element analysis, and its single crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in the Tetragonal space group P4/mbm with unit cell parameters: a=2.0200(1) nm, b=2.0200(1) nm, c=1.2814(1) nm, and V=5.2285 (5) nm^3, Z=2, R=0.0478, wR=0.0839. The crystal structure revealed that two [(dmbpy)Pd]2 moieties were bridged by two bipyrazolate ligands to form a tetra-palladium(Ⅱ) cyclic complex. The Pd…Pd separation within the complex is 0.3155(1) nm, indicat-ing weak interaction.


PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa) is one the most important investments of Italian Space Agency (ASI) in the field of Optical Remote Sensing for Earth Observation. The PRISMA Space Segment consists of a single spacecraft embarking a state-of-the-art hyperspectral/panchromatic payload using pushbroom scanning technique. The PRISMA Ground Segment inlcudes the Fucino facilities for satellite/mission control and Matera CNM (Multimission National Center) systems, mainly devoted to data acquisition, products archive/delivery and user management. The IDHS facilty processes the payload data downloaded using the CNM X-Band antenna. The launch is scheduled in 2018 (VEGA Launcher) for a five years operational lifetime. This paper reports an overview of the mission and program development.


This study examined people's psychological evaluation of residential environments and convenience, and attitudes toward mixed land use in residential areas, through a questionnaire survey administered to 1,259 residents in Tokyo and Kashiwa-city. Results showed that as the distance to facilities became longer, people became less satisfied with the travel behavior. The effect of distance was larger for travel to work and hospital, and smaller for travel for shopping and recreation. The level of satisfaction with travel behavior was correlated with satisfaction with daily convenience. By contrast, the degree of acceptance of mixed land use in residential areas was affected by human values (traditional and altruistic values) to a larger extent than by residential and physical attributes. It was also positively correlated with the level of travel satisfaction, indicating that people who were less satisfied with travel behavior did not want corresponding facilities to be located nearby. Implications of the results for urban planning in shrinking cities and the necessity of taking residents' psychological attributes into account are discussed.


1. The effect of high dietary vitamin A or tocopherol, or both, on lipid absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract and on serum and hepatic lipids was determined in the chick. 2. High dietary vitamin A increased secretion of cholesterol, bile acids, phospholipids and fatty acids to the duodenum, and tocopherol enhanced cholesterol and bile acid secretion to the duodenum. No differences in over-all absorption were observed. 3. Serum cholesterol was depressed by vitamin A and hepatic lipids were enhanced, except phosphatidyl choline which was depressed. Tocopherol increased hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol. 4. In vitro fatty acid synthesis from lactate by liver homogenates was enhanced by vitamin E and cholesterogenesis enhanced by both vitamin A and tocopherol. Δ9 Desaturation was also enhanced by vitamin E. 5. It is concluded that both vitamin A and tocopherol affect the hepatic synthesis and catabolism of cholesterol and that vitamin E also influences fatty acid metabolism.


A combined experimental/computational study has been performed for flow in rotating serpentine passages which approximate internal cooling passage for turbine blades. Experimental results are presented in the companion, Part I. The numerical simulations were performed using detailed experimental velocity profile measurements, documented in Part I, to set inflow conditions. Incompressible flow predictions with a two-layer k-e turbulence model, which isolated the Coriolis induced secondary flow, agreed well with the measured velocities. Fluid density variations were included in compressible flow simulations which show the impact of the centrifugal buoyancy force in addition to the Coriolis force. Comparison with previously acquired heat transfer data indicates that the buoyancy force may be important in gas turbine applications.Copyright © 1995 by ASME


On an autumn day in 197 1 in the conference room on the fifth floor, there at Novocheremushkinskaia 46, the seventieth birthday of A.A. Zvorykin, for whom I had particular respect throughout his life, was solemnly celebrated. I was struck by three circumstances at this celebration.


The invention discloses a concentrator, an electricity meter and a message processing method of the concentrator and the electricity meter. According to the message processing method of the concentrator, when the concentrator issues a message, the processes for processing the message to be issued include that the concentrator is in linkage with the electricity meter, whether the message is transmitted through a ciphertext or not is judged, and if yes, the message to be issued is encrypted, and the encrypted message is packaged and transmitted to the electricity meter. According to the message processing method, the issued message can be encrypted, the safety of issuing the message through the concentrator is improved, and the issued message of the concentrator is prevented from being stolen or falsified.


This topic will review the pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors for, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of VZV vasculopathy. The major clinical manifestations and complications of chickenpox and herpes zoster are discussed separately. (See "Epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infection: Chickenpox" and "Treatment of varicella-zoster virus infection: Chickenpox" and "Vaccination for the prevention of varicella-zoster virus infection: Chickenpox" and "Clinical manifestations of varicella-zoster virus infection: Herpes zoster" and "Prevention of varicella-zoster virus infection: Herpes zoster".)


The experiences and reflections about photography and the Imaginary Theory were essential to rethink the professional activities of a designer, your posture towards the world and about the relations that the Design can make with others different knowledge fields, specially with Art. Facing the speeches that put Design in a place apart from Art, it was tried to identify deeper roots that put down the desires of knowledge fragmentation. The Imaginary and its theory are like peacemakers guides for the knowledge bases, responsible for all the signification process in the world and things. Although, only the reason, exalted by science, was assumed as the truth road to the world building as we know it. The human subjective qualities, which are the ones that truly create things, give and renew meanings about creations, were lowered from the intellect and with them the arts due to rationalism. To help the illumination of the restructuration in the way of thinking Design, it's necessary the approach between Design and Art through the photographic imagery, since that this imagery can be seen for a very long time in design projects as an instrument that requires less technical knowledge than other types of art. However, this approximation must be done in a deeper way, exploring the structure that unites them, evaluating in their own languages the similarities that bring them together. So, it is possible to say that Design not only is alike to Photography but make part of it. Even though they both have their own specificities and complexity. It is possible to face Photography not only as an accessory that serves to Design but also as a result of your creation. Through the studied literature, it was realised that the existent similarities found each other both in a structural and creational level, having the skill as an instrument of ideas materialisation generated by the imaginary. Therefore, we can consider that it is important as a designer to know about the segregating thoughts that can limit the creative possibilities coming from another visual languages, as well as other fields of study. And beyond that, be able to revaluate our postures and way of thinking towards the emerging necessities in this complex world, allowing then even more approximation between Design, your relational and creative essence focused on the human being.


A tunable filter was designed, which using the liquid crystal as defect films based on the one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal. The spectrum transmission was obtained by using the transfer matrix method, analyze the properties of the band gap of the 1D ternary photonic crystal and main factors influencing the tunable filter. The results show that the filter has different job windows by changing the thickness increment of the adjacent medium behind the liquid crystal, and the tuning range of which has 30nm and above .


Thank you for sharing the recent letter commenting on our manuscript ''Physical activity, screen time, and school absenteeism: self-reports from NHANES 2005–2008''. We appreciate the opportunity to respond and provide clarification. We thank the author of the letter for his interest in our study and critical viewpoints. We believe there may have been a misinterpretation of our purpose and findings. The primary objective of our study, as stated briefly in the abstract, was ''to examine how lifestyle behaviors in the context of physical activity levels and screen time are associated with school absenteeism''. We did not make an effort to statistically compare the rates of absenteeism between children ages 6–11 and adolescents ages 12–18. We examined the associations between the variables in question for the two age groups separately, first, because of the unequal distribution stated in the letter and second, the adolescent surveys were self-reports and child surveys were proxy responses. We respect that self-reported data in most cases may not be comparable to proxy responses or direct observation. Lastly, obtaining accurate national estimates was not our objective due to the data limitations. Hence, for the sake of simplicity, we used two-year weighting variables for each two-year survey cycle. We also thank the author of the letter for pointing out a citation error. The citations indeed have been mismatched during multiple rounds of copy-editing. We apologize for this oversight. The more relevant citation, also in our reference list, is ''Generation M2: media in the lives of 8 to 18-yearolds'', a report of a series of large-scale, nationally representative surveys by the Kaiser Family Foundation about young people's media use. The report found that the average amount of time spent watching TV in a typical day among 8 to 18 year old children and adolescents was 3:47, 3:51 and 4:29 hours respectively in the 1999, 2004 and 2009 surveys. The Ianotti and Wang study, referenced in the letter, observed 11–16 year old adolescents and provides another perspective on this important issue. It would be interesting to see what the findings would be if age ranges were similar between the two studies. The author of the letter also pointed out that we may have overstretched our observation with the statement ''Reducing time on physical education and in turn reducing opportunities for physical activity is to 'put the cart ahead of the horse' since physical activity and fitness are associated with increased academic performance'', and that this statement does not fit our finding that ''Engaging in high levels of PA [physical activity] was significantly associated with increased odds of SSA [severe school absenteeism] among children, but not adolescents''. We are confused by this concern and believe the letter does not address the other important finding that ''The odds of SSA was more than ten times higher among physically inactive children than their peers with medium levels of PA, but no such relationship was observed with adolescents''. As a result, our findings demonstrated a U-shaped curve in which physical inactivity and excessive activity were associated with increased odds of SSA among children aged 6–11 years. This U shaped curve is assessed at length in the discussion section and the statement regarding ''Reducing time on physical education and in turn reducing opportunities for physical activity. . .'' was strategically sequenced immediately after addressing the finding that physical inactivity is associated with increased odds of SSA.


Aim  Conservative treatment of mild colonic diverticulitis usually consists of observation, restriction of oral intake, intravenous fluids and antibiotics. The beneficiary effect of antibiotics remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the need for antibiotics in mild colonic diverticulitis.


Experiments were performed using conductive powder-mixed dielectric in electrical discharge machining of Super Co 605 and optimization is carried out by means of Taguchi method. The process input parameters selected are flushing pressure, discharge voltage, pulse on-time, polarity, peak current, and pulse off-time to study the performance characteristics in the form of surface roughness, tool wear, and material removal rate. Experiments based on appropriate orthogonal array are conducted and significant parameters are identified. The optimum process conditions simultaneously leading to a better surface roughness, lower tool wear, and higher material removal rate are then demonstrated by confirmation testing. The experimental results confirm an improvement in surface roughness, tool wear, and material removal rate when Taguchi method is used.


In-vitro regeneration system for two safflower genotypes, AKS-207 and PKV-Pink using cotyledonary leaf explant was established. Highest percentage of callusing response was observed on MS medium with equal concentration of 2,4-D and KIN (1 mg/l each) in both the genotypes. Shoot induction as well as multiple shoot formation recorded maximally on medium supplemented with 3 mg/l BAP in AKS-207 and 4 mg/l BAP in PKV-Pink. Highest percentage of shoot elongation was achieved by using GA 3 at 1 mg/l in both the genotypes. Rooting was achieved on half strength MS medium fortified with NAA (2 mg/l) in both the genotypes. In-vitro rooted plantlets were transferred to pre-hardening conditions but failed to respond ex-vitro. To overcome the major constrain of verification in the present regeneration system, repeated sub-culturing of explants on fresh shooting medium was practiced. Overall regeneration system indicated that, safflower genotype AKS-207 is more responsive than PKV-Pink for in-vitro study.


In order to reduce the driving fatigue in sowing work,this paper based on heart rate(HR) as the main indicator to survey,tested and analyzed the fatigue condition of the drivers of three imported tractors and one domestic tractor in sowing work.The results showed that when driving the imported tractors in sowing work,the HR increasing rate was 10.4% -14.3%,labor intensity belonged to the light level;when driving domestic tractor in sowing work,the HR increasing rate was 23.4%-33.0%,it was remarkably bigger than that of driving imported tractors(P0.05),labor intensity belonged to the middle level.The main effects on driving fatigue included the control methods,tractors' cab environment,processing time,operating content,and so on.Finally,we proposed the concrete measures and suggestions to reduce driving fatigue and improve drivers' work condition.


. In this note, we investigate fundamental relations between exploration processes in random graphs, and branching processes. We formulate a class of models that we call rank- k random graphs , and that are special in that their neighborhood explorations can be obtained by a thinning of multi-type branching processes. We show that any rank-2 random graph can be described in terms of thinning of a 2-type branching process, while for higher rank, it is not clear how many types are needed.


We study the effectiveness of n-detection test sets based on transition faults in detecting defects that affect the timing behavior of a circuit. We use path delay faults as surrogates for unmodeled defects, and show that the path delay fault coverage achieved by an n-detection transition fault test set increases significantly as n is increased. We also introduce a method to reduce the number of tests included in an n-detection test set by using different values of n for different faults based on their potential effect on the defect coverage. The resulting test sets are referred to as variable n-detection test sets.


To better evaluate the stability of filtering algorithm, the stability evaluation index filtering algorithm is proposed based on the analysis of the factors affecting factors. Then the index system of stability evaluation is constructed with its mathematical model established. Taking the application of Kalman filtering used in initial alignment in integrate INS/GPS navigation system as an example, stability of Kalman filtering is evaluated according to the index system. Simulation results show that the stability evaluation results are in consistent with the theoretical analysis.


This paper describes our research and experiments with autonomous robots, in which were used genetic algorithms to evolve stable gaits of simulated legged robots in a physically based simulation environment. In our approach, the gait is defined using a finite state machine based on the joint angles of the robot legs, and the parameters are optimized using genetic algorithms. The proposed model also allows the evolution of the robot body morphology. The model validation was performed by several experiments and a valid statistical analysis, and the results show that it is possible to generate fast and stable gaits using genetic algorithms in an efficient manner.


Blockchain is described as a cacheable, immutable that makes tracking transactions and assets in a corporate network easier. Hyperledger is a free software initiative that was designed to aid in the development of distributed ledgers based on blockchain technology. Hyperledger has several frameworks, including Hyperledger Fabric, Hyperledger Burrow, Hyperledger Indy, Hyperledger Sawtooth, and Hyperledger Grid. There are also other Hyperledger-based technologies used in blockchain. This research paper investigates the many applications and strategies employed by the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network. There will also be a discussion regarding Hyperledger frameworks, future improvements, and overall applications used.


The scientific data processing technology of YH-1 Mars probe was studied in this paper.The processing method of minimum variance analysis(MVA)for determining magnetic pileup boundary(MPB)using magnetic field data,weight correction of mass channel of ion data,and determining Martian ionosphere electron density by satellite-to-satellite occultation method were given out.This was helpful to understand Mars space environment further.


The invention discloses a frequency division multiplexing wireless communication system which comprises a power supply, an antenna, a frequency division multiplexing radio communication circuit board, a power amplification module group, wherein the power amplification module group comprises a power amplification chip, a control chip and a switch chip, and further comprises a heat conduction pad and a radio frequency shielding heat radiation cover. The heat conduction pad is arranged on the top of the power amplification chip, the control chip or the switch chip, and a heat conduction film is arranged between the heat conduction pad and the power amplification chip, the control chip or the switch chip. The radio frequency shielding heat radiation cover covers the power amplification module group, and a heat conduction film is arranged between the heat conduction pad, the power amplification chip, the control chip or the switch chip and the top of the radio frequency shielding heat radiation cover. Improvement on conventional packaging technology has been made, the complexity of a circuit remains the same, and the manufacture stability is ensured. One heat radiation path is provided for a low-noise amplifier through a packaging method, thereby lowering temperature and reducing thermal noises.


Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal myeloid disorders associated with a high prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation. One of the most dismal complications in MPN is their transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after accumulation of additive genetic mutations. Curiously, the transformed AML cells frequently lack the JAK2 mutation, indicating that these leukemia cells are derived from JAK2V617F-negative clones which coexisted with JAK2V617F-positive ones during MPN phase. In this study, we investigated the pathogenesis underlying these phenomena using murine MPN model induced by transplantation of JAK2V617F-IRES-GFP-transduced bone marrow cells. First, we evaluated accumulation of DNA damage by immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX in GFP-positive and GFP-negative fractions. Surprisingly, we observed increased γH2AX foci formation in both GFP-positive and negative hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Moreover, when normal hematopoietic cells were cultured in conditioned media (CM) by JAK2V617F-positive cells, the cultured cells showed significantly elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and accumulation of γH2AX foci formation. These findings indicate that JAK2V617F-positive clones confer genetic instability and DNA damage accumulation to both themselves and neighboring normal cells in a paracrine manner. To clarify the mechanism of JAK2V617F-induced paracrine DNA damage, we analyzed gene expression profiles of JAK2V617F-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells compared with normal counterparts in murine and human MPN. Since we were interested in elucidating the cause for paracrine effects evoked by JAK2V617F-positive clones, we focused on 8 genes encoding soluble factors included in the list of the genes that showed significantly elevated expression in JAK2V617-positive cells. Through shRNA-mediated knockdown of the individual genes in JAK2V617F-positive cells, we found that repression of lipocalin-2 (LCN2), one of the pro-inflammatory adipokines, strikingly alleviated the paracrine DNA damage response mediated by JAK2V617F-positive cells. Consistent with the result, exposure of hematopoietic cells to LCN2 resulted in elevated intracellular ROS levels and increased γ-H2AX foci formation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that LCN2 secreted from JAK2V617F-positive clones should be associated with the induction of oxidative DNA damage into neighboring cells in a paracrine fashion. Next, we explored how DNA damage is evoked by LCN2 exposure. Interestingly, we found that hematopoietic cells treated with LCN2 had significantly higher levels of intracellular iron, and the effect was further augmented with addition of FeSO4 in the medium. Furthermore, the intracellular ROS levels elevated by LCN2 were reverted to normal with co-treatment of iron chelating agent deferoxamine, suggesting that LCN2-triggered paracrine oxidative stress is mediated by intracellular iron overload. Finally, we studied the response of normal clones to increased oxidative stress. Importantly, we found that hematopoietic cells treated with JAK2V617F CM or LCN2 had increased phosphorylation of p53 and elevated expression of the pro-apoptotic genes regulated by p53 pathway, such as Bax, Noxa, and Puma. They also showed decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis rate. In contrast, when bone marrow cells derived from p53-deficient mice were treated with LCN2, they showed no significant change in apoptosis rate, suggesting that p53 pathway activation is required for the LCN2-treated cells to exclude themselves when severely damaged, and prevent the emergence of clones with various genetic aberrations. These results are consistent with clinical findings that p53 mutation, which might accelerate the DNA damage accumulation, is frequently seen in leukemic clones transformed from MPN. In summary, we demonstrate that JAK2V617F-positive cells evoke DNA damage to adjacent normal clones through LCN2-mediated iron overload, which is associated with increased risk for leukemogenesis from both JAK2V617F-positive and negative cells within MPN bone marrow. Disrupting these cascades presents a promising therapeutic approach for preventing the leukemic transformation from MPN.

Disclosures: Kurokawa: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding.


The vision system of a mobile robot for checkpoint and perimeter security inspection performs multiple functions: providing surveillance video, providing high resolution still images, and providing video for semi-autonomous visual navigation. Mid-priced commercial digital cameras support the primary inspection functions. Semi-autonomous visual navigation is a tertiary function whose purpose is to reduce the burden of teleoperation and free the security personnel for their primary functions. Approaches to robot visual navigation require some form of depth perception for speed control to prevent the robot from colliding with objects. In this paper present the initial results of an exploration of the capabilities and limitations of using a single monocular commercial digital camera for depth perception. Our approach combines complementary methods in alternating stationary and moving behaviors. When the platform is stationary, it computes a range image from differential blur in the image stack collected at multiple focus settings. When the robot is moving, it extracts an estimate of range from the camera auto-focus function, and combines this with an estimate derived from angular expansion of a constellation of visual tracking points.


To solve the plate cracking problem due to stress corrosion of spent liquor evaporator in alumina process,a kind of flat and free falling film plate evaporator featuring high evaporation efficiency,low energy consumption and long service life was designed by means of improving construction and material of such plate evaporator.The operation results showed that the new kind of evaporator reached the expected improvement purpose.


Across research areas, general issues of low statistical power, publication bias, undisclosed flexibility in data analysis, and researcher degrees of freedom, can be recipes for irreproducibility. To address the problem, a reform movement known as the 'credibility revolution' emphasises the need for greater transparency in how research is conducted. In this article, we describe a general approach to creating a culture of openness—tailored for expertise researchers—and describe how and why practices such as 'preregistration,' 'open notebooks,' 'open data,' 'open materials,' and 'open communication,' might be applied to research on experts. We argue that adopting these practices helps to connect end-users with the entire research lifecycle, and helps to reconnect researchers with the process of gaining knowledge. By sharing notes about our predictions and plans along the way, we are forced to confront their merits. By documenting design and data analytic decisions ahead of time, and by sharing data and materials, we make errors and insights more discoverable. And by inviting research partners, expert practitioners, and the public into the lab, we stand the best chance of successfully translating research into practice.


Recently years,City Construction has been related to Green Construction even more tightly than before,furthermore Urban Afforesting and Greening also has great impacts on the quality of people's lives.Nowadays,all kinds of greening styles on the earth's surface have already not satisfied city's greening and beautification,in order to hit the target of "gardening city",Roof Garden has become a very necessary lever to solve the problem in this high time,and been populared with many citizens and building developers literally.The different roofs of different acreage,styles or foundation can create abundant sights in cities through investigating the corresponding plants and planting configuration,and making great use of ways of view creation,such as leaking through scenery,opposite scenery,borrowed scenery as well as obstructive scenery.


Objective:To investigation of the expression of the matrix metalloprotainases and the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral aneurysms.Methods:The pathological change of the cerebral aneurysm walls which excised from 15 patients undergone craniotomies after aneurysm clipping and 10 normal cerebral arteries were investigated by light microscopy. And MMPs activity in all the specimens were detected with substrate gel zymography.Results:Under light microscopy observation,the cerebral anerrysm specimens showed the structure changes,including disappearance of the internal elastic lamina,infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages,and atherosclerotic lesions in different stages were common.Substrate gel zymography showed that there were significant difference in MMPs activity in two groups. The MMP 2 and MMP 9 level in cerebral aneurysm group was 122.99±17.65 and 49.46±6.67 gray scale area.mg -1 .dl -1 ,respectively both were significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion:Intracranal aneurysm is an acquired lesion characterized by proliferative and degenerative changes. Our study indicated that the over expression of MMPs induced by some specifically nosogenesis in the local cerebral aneurysms may be responsible for the destruction of the internal elastic laminae of cerebral arteries,and lead to the generation and rupture of the cerebral aneurysms.


Abstract : Prolonged engine tests were made on diesel oil containing 1.25% S to which 0.5 to 0.8% of a mixture of organic amines reduced the corrosioninduced wear and the deposition of gum only when used at a rate of 0.8 to 1.0% which is too high for practical value. Tests made with fuels containing 1.25 to 1.6% S and additions of 20%AQUEOUS (NH4)2CO3 (0.03% of the fuel) reduced wear and inhibited the deposition of gum. The processes responsible for gum and other deposits are partly accelerated by the SO3 content. The suppression of SO3 by NH3 was confirmed and points out an entirely new direction in studies on the use of S-rich fuels.


The complex theory of the moduli space of elliptic curves, and its associated ellip-tic modular forms, admits an elementary exposition involving the upper half plane. These notes are supposed give a similarly tractable description of the Shimura varieties of type U (1, n − 1), and the holomorphic automorphic forms associated to these, following: • R.E. Kottwitz, Points on some Shimura varieties over finite fields. The geometry and cohomology of some simple Shimura varieties. It has become common practice to treat the moduli problems represented by these Shimura varieties as certain isogeny classes of weakly polarized abelian varieties with complex multiplication and level structure. The isogeny class approach, (due to Deligne?) gives the cleanest formulation of the moduli. There are many subtleties associated to this moduli problem which it hides, however, so in this document we shall formulate the moduli in terms of isomorphism classes. These subtleties are then more plainly exposed. Let A denote the rational adeles. If S is a set of places of Q, we shall use the convention that places in the superscript are omitted and places in the subscript are included.


Provided is an electrolyte additive for a lithium ion secondary battery including an organic lithium compound and a hyper-branched structure material. The electrolyte additive enhances the decomposition voltage of the electrolyte up to 5.5 V, and increases the heat endurable temperature by 10 DEG C. or more. The safety of the battery is thus improved.


Compost comparison tests were conducted using banana pseudostem and chicken manure as substrate materials,with different C/N ratios of 15.2,21.5,25.5,31.8,41.5.The variance of the compost pile temperature,moisture,pH,EC,total carbon,total nitrogen,C/N ratio and nutrients availability was studied quantitatively during the process of composting.Results showed that when the original C/N ratio was in the range of 20~40,aerobic composting was successful.When the C/N ratio was below 15.2,though the pile temperature increased rapidly,the high temperature lasted short time.In addition,high pH,high soluble salt concentration,poor organic matter and total nutrient,and increasing cost of composting were unfavorable to the composting process.When C/N ratio was over 41.5,the pile temperature increased slowly and high temperature lasted long,but pile moisture percentage was too high.In summary,the appropriate C/N ratio range for composting was 20~30,and the optimum value was 25.5.Composting time was 27 days,and the corresponding C/N was 18.


The rice sample (5g) was digested under pressure with nitric aicd and hydrogen peroxide in a tightly sealed PTFE vessel which was then put into the corrosion resisting steel pressure dissolution can. The pressure dissolution can as a whole was heated at 120℃ for 3h in a constant temperature heating oven. After cooling, the sample solution in the PTFE vessel was transferred to a 25ml volumetric flask and diluted to mark with water. The above mentioned metal ions were then determined by FAAS. The method presented was found to be rapid, precise and accurate and to give low blank values. The recoveries found for all the five metal ions were in the range of 96% to 103%. RSD′s were found to be 2.7% (for Pb), 3.1% (for Cr), 4.3% (for Cd), 3.9% (for Ni) and 1.8% (for Co). The proposed method has been applied satisfactorily to the analysis of rice for exportation.


The project uses closed loop control system to automatically operate a lighting system. It employed Light Dependent Resistor LDR to sense the illumination level and compare the measured signal with the reference voltage realized through the usage of a potentiometer forming a potential divider. It highlights how an operational amplifier can be used as a comparator. This idea was transferred into Arduino Microcontroller. The latter is used to compare the signals using Arduino programming functions. The Arduino is multitasked using millis() to sound alarm at system switch-On or Reset. An i2C is used to interface a Liquid Crystal Display with an advantage of using two analog pins A4 and A5 instead of four or eight I/O pins for four and eight LCD modes respectively. The innovation will allow those I/O pins dedicated to other tasks plus its attendant simplicity. The usage of i2C scanner in identifying i2C programming address as 0 × 3F is explained. The step by step explanation of Arduino codes is an asset. The paper recommends among others further improvement in the display interactivity through robust programming. An alarm could also be made to sound at each switch- over. It is believed that its simplicity will encourage its mass production with its attendant socio economic benefits.


In Liverpool, the criminal justice process generally begins with the police drug testing individuals in the custody suite following an arrest. If offenders test positive for Class A drugs (opiates and/or cocaine), they are served with a Required Assessment (RA) by the police. This a compulsory legal sanction which requires the individual to attend up to two appointments (initial/follow-up RA) with a drugs worker. During these assessments the drugs worker will assess the individual's drug use and offending behaviour and, if necessary, encourage them to engage with drug treatment services (Home Office, 2010). In 2016/17, 57% of those accessing criminal justice interventions in Merseyside presented via the RA route (Collins et al., 2017a), and for this reason the police play an important role in the early stages of this process. Merseyside Police introduced targeted drug testing in 2015. This involves a set list of questions around drug use that should be considered by the police before a decision is made on whether the arrestee is drug tested. The main aim of targeted testing is to reduce the number of negative drug tests carried out in the custody suite setting, thus save police time and money, while ensuring offenders who use drugs continue to be drug tested and referred to treatment services through the RA process. This Drug Testing Profile for Liverpool presents information on drug tests carried out at Liverpool's custody suites and on Liverpool residents across the Merseyside area between January 2014 and December 2017, with a particular focus given to the most recent year (2017). This profile contextualises Merseyside Police drug testing data by providing numbers and trends of offenders who use drugs identified through this route into the criminal justice system and a demographic overview of the individuals. Comparisons to overall Merseyside figures have been made, where possible, with tables in Appendix B and C showing comparisons across each area (custody suite area and area of residence). This profile also provides recommendations for stakeholders, in terms of the efficient use of resources and effective services locally and across Merseyside.


Provided is a highly practical photoelectric conversion element, which is provided with a semiconductor electrode, a counter electrode and an electrolyte layer held between these two electrodes. The transparency of the photoelectric conversion element is greater than an iodine redox couple; sealing is easy; and a high-performance redox couple is used. The electrolyte layer includes a redox couple formed from the compounds shown in general formula (1) and formula (2), and an ionic liquid having the bis(fluorosulphonyl)imide anions shown in formula (3).


The model named "beam model for couple simulation" is to couple the fire simulation with the structural analysis to simulate fire-related structural degradation and failure. The model has modules to predict material degradation and damage due to the fire and integrates FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), a fire simulation software, and ANSYS, a structure analysis software, by reading, re-organiging and filling the date from and to the two softweres automatically. So that the model effectively integrates the interaction between the fire development and the mechanical response to provide improved simulations of building fires.


Many of today's international institutions were created at the end of World War II, more than 60 years ago. Since then they have responded in many significant ways to the challenges arising during the second half of the 20 century, including decolonization, the end of the cold war, global security, environmental threats, and global poverty. Even though many new global and regional organizations were added since 1945—when the United Nations was created and the Bretton Woods organizations opened their doors—very little has been altered in the basic structure of these global institutions. Global institutions are not working well individually and as a group. For example, the global institutions at the core of the international system, such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the G8 Summit are, to varying degrees fragmented, unrepresentative and ineffective, and generally suffer from an corosive decline in their legitimacy. They are increasingly fragile and unable to address the global challenges of the 21st century. The creation of legitimate global institutions involves multiple goals: First, the institutions must be representative. Second, the institutions need to be effective. Third, collectively the international institutions need to serve as an effective global governance system. Finally, the international institutions should offer opportunities for national and international leaders to forge coalitions for action and reform. What is needed is strategic guidance, vision, and leadership for institutional and summit reforms identified here, taken together, these factors can create a global governance system able to achieve the focus, coherence and coordination required to meet global challenges. The creation of a global governance system which reflects the new economic and demographic realities and responds effectively to new global challenges of the 21 century is urgently needed to help avoid crises and create a better future.


Research into developing more reliable microscopic traffic simulation models is seriously hampered by the availability of suitable microscopic data for calibration and validation purposes. This paper presents a review of several data collection technologies that the authors have been experimenting with. The methods include (i) video recording (ii) the use of differential GPS (DGPS) and (iii) an instrumented vehicle fitted with the S.M.S. Drive Recorder system. Examples of data collection with each method are briefly described, and some of the results presented to illustrate the capabilities of the methods. The last section of the paper summarises the advantages and limitations of each method and conclusions are drawn on their suitability for the required purpose. The experiments shows that each method can provide some useful results for microscopic simulation model development, but cannot provide continuous spacing-, speed- and acceleration profiles of large vehicle platoons moving through various traffic scenarios. Further research is required to develop more sophisticated data collection techniques and to investigate such aspects of driver behaviour as aggressiveness, and factors influencing lane selection.


In developing countries pediatric pneumonia is the second leading cause of deaths and 98% of pneumoniainduced deaths are identified across the world. It is mandatory to identify the symptoms of pneumonia in children to avoid mortality causing complications. Early identification of children at risk for treatment failure or at increased risk for death will help to improve overall health outcomes. If pneumonia is suspected, it is important to seek medical attention promptly so that an accurate diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment is given in time. The proposed approach quickly provides history of previous patient's details, expert doctor's opinions who are in globe and their previous treatment for the same symptoms, all diagnostic reports such as blood tests, x-ray etc., from the cloud and gives analytics from big data to take fast and precise decisions by the doctors.


Synopsis : A computer calculation was carried out to construct an equilibrium phase diagram of a Ni—Cr-W ternary system between 800 and 1 700•Ž, on the basis of the experimentally determined phase equilibria between 1 000 and 1 200•Ž. The method developed by Kaufman and his collaborators was employed in the present calculation. Only sub-regular solution parameters of the three binary systems were used to describe the excess free energy of ternary solution phases such as liquid and three terminal solid solutions: nickel-rich fcc ƒÁ, chromium-rich bcc ƒ¿1 and tungsten-rich bcc ƒ¿2 phase. No ternary term was added to the excess free energy expression. The sub-regular solution parameters of fcc solid solution in the Cr-W binary system were determined to be gfccCr-W=hfccCr-W=9 000 cal/g-at. A line compound approximation was employed to describe the free energy of intermetallic compounds such as ƒÐ phase and ƒÀ phase (Ni4W). The previously reported line compound parameter of ƒÐ phase in the Ni-Cr binary system was revised in addition to the determination of the ƒÐ phase parameter in the Ni-W binary system.


The objects of the research are homogeneous bilinear control systems. The control synthesis problem of moving a bilinear system to the origin of coordinates in a finite time is considered. To solve this problem it is suggested to use an auxiliary linear system. It is known that the program control for the linear system that moves it to the origin can be represented in an equivalent form of positional control. In this case the closed system has a structure similar to the bilinear control system. Based on this property the combined control synthesis method in homogeneous bilinear systems is proposed.


Abstract The microwave rotational spectrum of gauche CH 3 CH 2 OH has been identified and assigned for the two substates of the first excited state of the –OH torsion. Since μ b ≃ 0 by accident, only a -dipole transitions have been assigned. It was not possible to observe the c -dipole transitions since the tunneling frequency between the two substates is expected to be on the order of 1.7 THz. The assigned lines do not give a rigid rotor fit. The spectrum has been calculated using the IAM program of Liu for asymmetric–asymmetric molecules, which was of little use in the analysis. However, it has been necessary to determine improved potential energy coefficients for the –OH torsion with the result V 1 = 45.3 cm −1 , V 2 = 13.0 cm −1 , and V 3 = 370.0 cm −1 .


The paper introduced the practice in realizing stable and high output continuously by the rational modification of operation and equipment of the lead bullion system in No.3 Smelter,Shuikoushan.


INCREASING prices for wood products in the United States, particularly softwood lumber and plywood prices, have generated much concern among administration officials and congressmen worried especially about the impact on the nation's building program. This concern is intensified as the nation faces the difficult question of how to increase the longer run wood supply to meet growing needs at reasonable prices while protecting and enhancing the quality of the natural environment. Although increased forest productivity and closer raw material utilization will receive major attention in the search for a solution to this dilemma, the future wood products import-export position of the nation, and especially of the U. S.-Canadian relationship, would also seem to bear on the problem. Evaluation of the potential for trade in timber products in estimating future timber trends and requirements in the United States has generally been given incidental attention in past Forest Service reviews. Difficult as it is to make projections of domestic demand and supply for timber products, it is even more difficult to visualize the factors which will influence the development of foreign markets for U. S. wood exports or sources of supply for U. S. wood imports. Nevertheless, there is reason to believe that better estimates of future import and export possibilities are warranted, for several changes over time suggest the increasing importance of world timber products trade and their possible impact on the future U. S. position. Since 1950 the timber products trade position of the U. S. has changed considerably. Imports of industrial wood in 1971 were 1.8 times imports in 1950, mainly because of increased imports of softwood lumber and newsprint from Canada. Exports of industrial wood in 1971 were 8.4 times exports in 1950, almost entirely because of increased exports of softwood sawlogs to Japan and pulp products to Japan and northwest Europe. Demands for wood products, particularly lumber, pulp, and paper and wood-based panel products, continue to expand in almost all the wood deficit industrialized nations of the


The results of dynamic testing of alumina samples with different graphene content are presented. The tests were carried out using a split Hopkinson rod according to the "Brazilian test" method at an impact speed of 10 m/s. The optimal value of the graphene content was obtained. The strength characteristics of the alumina nanocomposite with graphene reach a maximum at this value. Keywords: ceramic composite, graphene, split Hopkinson rod, Brazilian test.


Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETS) form instantly when some mobile nodes come in the mobility range of each other. MANETS can cooperate for data transfer as well as for communication. Therefore there is no fixed topology for MANETS. Thus MANETS are distributed in nature. The lack of infrastructure makes MANETS more vulnerable for attacks. Networks are protected using many firewalls and encryption software's. In this paper, we propose and implement a secure multicast protocol in intrusion detection systems especially for MANETS. By using this protocol, all the acknowledgement packets are encrypted by using hybrid cryptography. Using this cryptography, unwanted network overhead will be reduced. Thus network performance of MANETS will be improved. NS2 is used for implementation.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of extremely preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants in Japan.

STUDY DESIGN
We retrospectively assessed 434 SGA and 1716 AGA infants born at 22-27 weeks of gestational age (GA), between 2003 and 2012. Infants were followed up for 3 years, and the clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. Fisher's exact and Student's t-tests were used for independent sample comparison. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors.

RESULTS
The prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage  Grade 3 was significantly lower (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11-0.72), and the prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks GA and the need for home oxygen therapy, significantly higher (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.66-2.91 and aOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.75-3.47, respectively) in SGA infants than in AGA infants. SGA infants born at > 23 weeks GA had a significantly higher prevalence of developmental quotient (DQ) < 70 (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.08-2.65). Those born at > 25 weeks GA showed a significantly higher prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) and visual impairment (aOR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.09-3.39 and aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.21-4.86, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
In SGA infants, birth at GA > 23 weeks is an independent risk factor for DQ < 70, and birth at GA > 25 weeks is an independent risk factor for CP and visual impairment. However, we did not consider nutritional and developmental factors, and a longer follow-up would help assess neurodevelopmental outcomes.


This paper considers the design of wavelet tight frames based on iterated oversampled lter banks. The greater design freedom available makes possible the construction of wavelets with a high degree of smoothness, in comparison with orthonormal wavelet bases. Grr obner bases are used to obtain the solutions to the nonlinear design equations. Following the dual-tree DWT of Kingsbury, one goal is to achieve near shift-invariance while keeping the redundancy-factor bounded by 2, instead of allowing it to grow as it does for the undecimated DWT (which is exactly shift-invariant). Like the dual-tree, the overcomplete DWT described in this paper is less shift-sensitive than an orthonormal wavelet basis.


Agriculture is one of the major sectors contributing towards national Income and livelihood therefore, its growth is crucial. The contribution of agriculture has decreased over the last few years which is a source of concern and needs appropriate study. It was in 1966–67 that a new agricultural strategy called High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP), popularly known as Green Revolution was put into practice to tide over the chronic shortage of food grains in the country. In the present study we examine the trends in agricultural output over the last 35 years. The main objectives of the study are to analyze the behavior of agricultural output considering the structural changes which have occurred during the period. Additionally, the study makes an attempt to understand the pattern of agricultural output growth in conjunction with the agricultural credit in India over the years under study to help identify the future priorities and policies.


Apprentices of all ages and at different stages in their careers have been celebrating opportunities to climb the career ladder at The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust (TRFT) during National Apprenticeship Week. The Trust's apprentices joined forces during the 10th anniversary of National Apprenticeship Week,


Novel anion exchange membranes (AEMs), based on poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) chains linked to pendant 1,2-dimethylimidazolium (DIm) functional groups, have been prepared for evaluation in alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (APEFCs). Successful functionalisation of the PPO chains was confirmed using 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. The ionic conductivities of the resulting DIm–PPO AEMs at 30 °C are in the ranges of 10–40 mS cm−1 and 18–75 mS cm−1 at 60 °C. The high ionic conductivities are attributed to the highly developed microstructures of the membranes, which feature well-defined and interconnected ionic channels (confirmed by atomic force microscopy, AFM, measurements). Promisingly, the ion-exchange capacities (IECs) of the DIm–PPO AEM are maintained after immersion in an aqueous KOH solution (2 mol dm−3) for 219 h at 25 °C; a previously developed monomethyl imidazolium PPO analogue AEM (Im–PPO) showed a significant decline in IEC on similar treatment. This reduction in undesirable attack by the OH− conducting anions is ascribed to an increase in steric interference and removal of the acidic C2 proton [in the monomethyl Im-groups] by the methyl group in the DIm cationic ring. Moreover, the maximum power densities produced in simple beginning-of-life single cell H2/O2 fuel cell tests increased from 30 mW cm−2 to 56 mW cm−2 when switching from the Im–PPO AEM (fuel cell temperature = 50 °C) to the DIm–PPO-0.54 AEM (fuel cell temperature = 35 °C) respectively (even with the use of lower temperatures).


Cloud computing is latest advancement in computing, it is all about providing computing as a service. Cloud computing also provides storage as a service to users. Large amount of data can be stored on cloud data centers. Cloud data centers are storage devices or platforms used to store data in cloud computing. Confidentiality of data stored in data centers is of utter importance and data needs to be safeguarded from unauthorized access. Traditional encryption methodologies for data confidentiality were costly and time consuming. Here in this work, we propose data confidentiality by fragmenting data on the basis of sensitivity. This paper focuses on fragmenting data into public data segment (PDS) and sensitive data segment (SDS). Public data segment is not a major concern so focus is only on sensitive data segment. For experimental purpose example of Aadhaar is taken and fragmented on basis of sensitivity. Result show proposed method of data fragmentation gives better performance with complex queries and is cost effective as cost of encrypting whole database is much more than fragmenting sensitive data.


Objective: This study was initiated to investigate whether oral administration of kelp lotus cream can reduce weight and lipids of fat rat.Methods: Study on the changes of these indexes such as cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-densitylipoprotein(HDL),low-densitylipoprotein(LDL),bodyweight,body fat and Lee's index in rats by give the rats kelp lotus cream and Orlistat as the contrast.Result: The body weight,body fat coefficient of each dose group of female compared with the model group was significantly lower(P0.01),Lee's index of the low and high dose groups were decreased(P0.05).The body weight,body fat coefficient,Lee's index of each dose group of male compared with the model group was no significant difference(P0.05),while blood biochemical analysis showed TC,TG,LDL were lower than modle group. Conclusion: Kelp lotus cream haveprevent lipidrising and obesity effect on female rats. For the male rats, there have a certain prevent lipidrising effect without weight loss.


A range of preventive works has been presented based on the example of one of the exploited longwalls and the costs borne by the coal mine have been exhibited. Further, the paper presents the costs of preventive aerological practices conducted for the improvement of work safety, borne by one of the coal mining companies. The paper also includes the calculation of cost indices. Based on these cost indices, an analysis of costs of the applied aerological preventive practices was conducted for the longwalls driven in years 2014-2015 by one of the coal mining companies.


The classic patent ductus arteriosus is easily recognized, and its surgical treatment is not only curative but practically free of fatality. When the malformation is associated with pulmonary hypertension, the diagnosis is more difficult and surgical management is attended with special problems. It is the purpose of this communication to describe our experiences with patent ductus and pulmonary hypertension. Patent Ductus and Proved Pulmonary Hypertension Not Associated with Other Congenital Malformation of the Heart In 1950 we abandoned the policy of treating patent ductus by the multiple ligationtransfixion method and began to employ division and suture as the procedure of choice. The former had yielded over-all good results but had not been free of disastrous consequences. One patient ultimately died of hemorrhage which began when a ligature was drawn about the ductus. Another developed bacteremia and recanalization about six weeks after closure of the ductus and died of ventricular fibrillation


This paper describes and compares two dominantly used architectural styles for web application design: monolithic and microservice architecture. A description of characteristic was presented for both architectures, altogether with advantages and disadvantages which their usage implies. By using the example of developing a demonstration application for taxi service management, it was presented in details the way of implementing required features using both monolithic and microservice architecture. Extensive performance testing has been carried out over the developed applications for the purpose of comparing their characteristics and ability to work under high loads. The results obtained were found to indicate that overall performance characteristics are at the similar level for both versions of the application, with the minimal advantage for the application developed in the microservice architecture. At the same time significant differences were noticed in the internal structure of the obtained results indicating that for the particular types of requests the microservice application achieves significantly better results compared to monolithic. The scalability of both applications is also demonstrated, confirming that microservice architectural style possesses significantly larger scalability potential.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that often occurs, both in Indonesia and abroad. OA is characterized by progressive destruction of joint cartilage and causes structural changes in the joints. OA disease from grades 1 to 4 has symptoms that are usually difficult for the sufferer's life. One of these symptoms is joint pain, but reducing pain intensity, especially OA grades 1 to 3, it can be done with exercise. The use of this exercise is an isometric quadriceps exercise. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test control group design with a sample of 40 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, namely patients with knee osteoarthritis, stage II, and III who underwent the initial rehabilitation program. Based on the results of data processing using the Wilcoxon test in the control group, the p-value = 0.01 < 0.05, while in the intervention group the p-value = 0.00 < 0.05. From these results, it can be concluded that isometric quadricep exercise is effective in reducing pain intensity in osteoarthritis genu grades 1 to 3. So isometric quadricep exercise can be recommended as an independent therapy in reducing knee osteoarthritis pain intensity.


The review of the theory of electromagnetic field together with the special and general theories of relativity has been made. The similar theory of gravitation has been presented which has the property of Lorentz-invariancy in its own representation in which the information is transferred at the speed of propagation of a gravitational field. Generalization of the specified gravitation theory on noninertial reference systems has been made with the help of the mathematical apparatus of the general relativity. It allows to avoid some drawbacks of the standard general relativity theory and to expand its applicability. The possibility of complementary descriptions of the physical phenomena with the help of simultaneous use of theories of gravitational and electromagnetic fields has been shown.


Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest sustained disorder of cardiac rhythm. Permanent pacemaker (PPM)-detected atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) of even 5-minute duration may identify patients at increased risk for death. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of echocardiographic and clinical parameter with the occurrence of AHREs in patients with a dual-chamber pacemaker. Patients and methods: this retrospective study included 208 patients. It was conducted in the Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals. The patients were classified according to development of AF into 2 groups: Group (A) involved 77 patients with AF and group (B) involved 131 patients without AF. Results: The mean age of the studied cases was 61.67 ± 8.13 years and 53.4% were females. Mean SBP was 122.6 ± 16.8 mmHg while mean DBS was 76.9 ± 10.14 mmHg. There was a high statistically significant increase in LA volume index, E/é and a high statistically significant decrease in SV index and EF among AF group compared to non AF group. Conclusion: In our opinions patients with CIED detected AHREs need oral anticoagulation to prevent thromboembolic events and decrease burden of ischemic stroke.


Light fields are an image-based representation that represents objects using sets of digital images. Light fields are usually comprised of 4D radiance data that can be used for 3D rendering or 4D display on autostereoscopic and certain types of volumetric displays. We present a modeling and rendering system for spherical isotropic light fields. These are made of images captured with cameras placed on a sphere's surface looking inwards. The system implements a multiresolution representation for both the spatial and the directional domains of the light field. This representation supports continuous levels of detail and adaptive frame rate control.


Companies that already gone public can conduct a limited public offering (right issues) if you want to add funds. This is achieved so that the risk of corporate debt can be lowered, and can increase stock returns. This study aims to determine the influence of the use of proceeds from the rights issue to the return earned by shareholders priors to the economic crisis compared during the economic crisis. The research data was obtained from company documents right issue at the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) in 1996 – 1998, with a total sample of 18 companies that the right issue in 1996 – 1998. The sample taken is a company that was preceded by rights issues without warrants, convertible bond or share dividend. Each industry group represented only one company only by relying on the most activity. Then the samples were grouped into 14 companies that the rights issue before the economic crisis and the four companies that the right issues during the economic crisis. The result showed that the average return of the stock before the company's right issues has increased during the economic than before the economic crisis. While the average return of the stock after the company's rights issue was not increased during the economic crisis than before the economic crisis. Keywords: go public, the rights issue, stock return, economic crisis


This paper presents a new type of hysteretic metallic damper device, named bar damper (BD). BD is mainly made of three simple steel parts that includes top and bottom steel plates and a number of solid bars which dissipate input energy due to vibration loads through flexural yielding. Despite the simplicity of the damper, an optimized geometry of the plates as well as the solid bars can be suggested to guarantee uniform stress and strain distribution. Three full-scale device specimens have been made to be tested under cyclic displacement. The obtain results from the tested specimens have revealed a significant cumulative displacement extracted from the hysteresis loops with no substantial strength degradation.


Because of Arctic ice melting faster than expected,Arctic route geopolitical issue has become increasingly important.The criterion can provide a serviceable restriction for arctic route geopolitical issue.According to the expatiation of the concept of arctic route geopolitical and the connection between game and geopolitical and the combat and trend of arctic route geopolitical,eight mechanisms for criterion were described,which include fundamentality criterion and member and administration and world self-identity and awe and immanency and law.The harvest can provide assist for arctic route geopolitical game.


OF all the diseases affecting colonial America, none caused more consternation than smallpox. Highly contagious, once it gained a foothold, it spread rapidly and with fearful mortality. Recognizing these facts, the authorities of Massachusetts developed certain techniques designed to keep this scourge under control. They required incoming vessels with smallpox aboard to perform quarantine at Spectacle Island in Boston harbor, and when cases appeared in town, the Selectmen removed the patients to a pesthouse or placed guards about the infected dwellings. Although these precautions often proved successful, they were unable entirely to prevent periodic epidemics. During one of these outbreaks, in 1721, inoculation of the smallpox was first tried in the colonies. It enraged the town and called forth a bitter newspaper and pamphlet war, but it was the earliest important experiment in preventive medicine in America. The practice was not new in 1721. People in certain parts of Africa, India, and China had been using inoculation for centuries. Even in Europe there was some reference to it in a verse production of the School of Salerno in the tenth or eleventh century. The first authentic reports were published in Leipzig between 1670 and 1705. In other parts of Europe it was employed as a part of folk-medicine.1 Late in the seventeenth century, accounts of the Asiatic practice began arriving in England, and in February, 1699/1700, Dr. Clopton Havers called it to the attention of the Royal Society. Certainly by this time many Englishmen had heard of the art.2


The aim of the study was to design a learning package and to investigate the effect of using it on achievement and on attitudes improvement toward mathematics of basic level students in Jordan. The research questions were: 1) are there any differences between means scores of the experimental and the control groups on the mathematical achievement? 2) are there any differences between the attitudes toward mathematics of the experimental and the control groups?
The sample of the study consisted of (72) 6th graders. Two sections were selected. One class of (33) students was assigned to be the experimental group and another class of (39) students was assigned to be the control group. The two sections were assigned randomly. The instruments were: 1) the learning package for the rational numbers and the dimensions shapes units, 2) the achievement test, and 3) the attitudes questionnaire toward mathematics. The findings of the study indicated that: there were significant differences between the immediate and the postponed achievement and the attitudes toward mathematics on behalf of the experimental group.


This article aims to shed some issues around the Lacanian concept of the second death, referring to the same concept as exploited by the Egyptians in their mythology, to think about the possibility of reading the clinical phenomena of depression from this concept. This work therefore traverses some Freudian ideas about death, Lacan's reflection on the second death, and succinctly bring reflections on the symbolic register, the signifying chain, language, and Egyptian mythology to think briefly about the mechanism of depression. Therefore, it concludes that the psychoanalytic conceptualization of the second death seems a certainty compared with the same concept addressed by the mythology developed by the Egyptians and that this same concept can be used as a reference to think the depression.


Summary The stability and response characteristics of extrema seeking adaptive systems, in which sinusoidal perturbations of the adaptive parameter (parameters) provide the derivative action necessary to determine direction and magnitude of the criterion surface gradient at the operating point, are analysed. It is assumed that system variations with time occur slowly as compared with the adaptive loop response time, and that the measured criterion output may be characterized by a general function of the adaptive parameters (usually non-linear) followed by a linear transfer function representing measurement delay. The resulting adaptive control loop is analysed, using modified bandpass to low pass transformation techniques, yielding an equivalent low pass loop in which no perturbation signals appear. This loop is generally non-linear but standard techniques, such as the describing function, may be applied to predict the critical loop gain, the frequency and amplitude of the resulting oscillations, and the required equalization. Several examples are presented which have been simulated on a Pace analogue computer. Predicted and actual results generally compare within 10 per cent, which is within the usual range of describing function accuracy.


: The experimental test, research background and design ideals of physical chemistry experiment for the 11th National Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Tournament were introduced. The problems found in current laboratory teaching which are reflected in the tournament were also analyzed.


NMR‐absorption signals in a 2‐cm3 sample of glycerol can be observed in a small permanent magnet producing a field of 50 mT. Observing the beat frequency between the marginal oscillator used as spin detector and the Larmor frequency of the spin system after excitation with 10‐ to 20‐ μs high‐frequency pulses, the free‐induction decay and spin echoes can be detected. The experiment is capable of demonstrating the principles of NMR tomography, e.g., the Carr–Purcell sequence, inversion recovery, and image formation in a field gradient.


Angiosarcomas are rare highly aggressive tumours of vascular or lymphatic endothelial origin, which account for 1–2% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Due to the difficulty of timely and accurate diagnosis, primary angiosarcoma of the gastrointestinal system is extremely rare. Here, we report a 52-year-old man with primary duodenum angiosarcoma to raise awareness of this rare and highly aggressive neoplasm. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu. A 52-year-old man was referred to our department with a 10-days history of epigastric pain along with vomiting for a week and melena for 2 days. No special medical and family histories were found. Physical examination revealed that the patient had anaemia. Laboratory tests showed that severe anaemia (haemoglobin, 52 g/L) with normal levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed that massive blood clots in the stomach and duodenum. Computed tomography showed that a bulky mass in the horizontal segment of the duodenum and no distant metastasis (Fig. 1). Due to the progressive increase in symptoms of syncope and abdominal pain, an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. During the operation, a 4 × 5 cm tumour located on the horizontal segment of the duodenal adjacent to the head of the pancreas was identified. The tumour around with massive inflammatory tissues was bleeding. No other nodules and internal organ metastasis were observed during the operation. Therefore, the whole third and fourth segment of the duodenum along with the tumour was resected. The jejunum was brought up, and the side-to-side anastomosis was performed with second part of duodenum. Then gastrojejunostomy and Braun anastomosis were performed lastly. The operation procedure was shown in Figure 2. Haematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) section showed that the tumour is composed of irregular vascular spaces filled with atypical endothelial cells (Fig. 3). The lesion invaded into the deeper layers of the duodenum (serosa and muscularis propria) with expansion up to the mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumour expressed CD31, CD34, and cytokeratin and had a high proliferation index (Ki-67, 60%) (Fig. 3). Those findings confirmed the diagnosis of rare primary duodenum angiosarcoma. However, 20 days after surgery, approximal 1000 mL of blood was found in the gastric tube and a further exploratory laparotomy was performed. Numerous metastatic nodules were found in the omentum and liver. A few ulcerative nodules with active bleeding were found in the gastric cavity. Haemostasis was performed intraoperatively. Unfortunately, the patient died from bleeding 2 days after the second operation. The first angiosarcoma was reported by Langhans in 1879. This malignant neoplasm with aggressively proliferating derives from the endothelial cells of blood or lymphatic vessel. Some high-risk factors including radiotherapy, chronic venous ulceration and lymphoedema are associated with angiosarcoma. Angiosarcomas can arise from any organ, but rarely the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical symptoms of primary gastrointestinal angiosarcoma are not specific, including abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, melena or haematochezia. Unfortunately, these symptoms represent advanced disease. Routine gastroscopy and biopsy are contributed to diagnosing asymptomatic patients and distinguishing whether it is malignant or not. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to detect the origin and extent of the lesion and the relationship with


This study proposes an alternative analysis of syntactic infinitives of direct perception: the current approach, spanning various fields of linguistics, attempts to articulate the morphosyntactic characteristics of these structures with their different logical, semantic, cognitive, lexical and grammatical properties. The perspective adopted for this purpose is based on a well known computer process: (de) fragmentation.


Spinal cord injury is a kind of serious disease mostly caused by injury. It will lead to function deficit of limbs and even do harm to li fe some time. Now, little measures are effective except early stage administration of great dosage of methylprednisolone and decompression surgery. But in vein usage of the drug may cause many side effects and operation can only remove the mass that compress the dura or spinal cord. We need some more effective way. Through gene delivery technique, continuous expression of functional protein, such as neuro-protective factor at local site may be possible. We postulate intrathecal injection of certain carrier with target gene, which can reduce secondary damage and prevent spinal cord from further attack. It may be become a novel therapy for acute spinal cord injury in the near future.


The paper contains results of experimental investigations in respect of denture removal processes using as models so natural teeth as well and this removal process presupposes destruction of fixing cement by ultrasound action. It has been established that the best conditions for separation of a denture from a tooth body are ensured while ultrasound is acting on non-removable denture structure in liquid phase (water). At the expense of sound-capillary effect water fills in porous structure of fixing cement at high speed and a cavitation that appears in it leads to intensive cement destruction (dispersion).


To determine whether a Lasmar score obtained entirely by the use of two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound provides results similar to those obtained using the original hysteroscopic technique.


of criticalness. This is a potential risk which is recognized by at least one of this volume's own contributors (Parker 2002), but which Studying Management Critically fails to avoid. This is unfortunate, as a broader and more inclusive approach to organizational analysis would have provided a better foundation for the authors' critique of managerial theory and practice. 1716 Organization Studies 26(11)


The optional courses "college students Mental Health Education," is the main channel for university students to receive Mental Health Education.But now,the question oriented psychology health teaching mode restricts the improvement of the course's effect.The optimistic psychology proposed a new perspective to solve the above problems.Based on the concept of"optimistic psychological education",this paper studies the group guidancing educational plan which includes"topic discussing-Psychological counseling and training-thoughts and value clarifying and sharing".