A new three-column energy-saving technique to recover N,N-dimethylformamid(eDMF)from the polyurethane(PU)synthetic leather process was developed by rebuilding a two-column recovery system. This process was composed of three columns,including first-stage vacuum concentration, second-stage atmospheric concentration,and vacuum distillation. Because heat energy was reused,the energy-saving recovery equipment could reduce energy consumption by 37.7%,compared to the current two-column equipment. No waster water was discharged in the process,and the purity of DMF product was above 99%. The profit of each energy-saving unitt could reach 4 961 900 yuan each year .


Migraine is a common and recurrent chronic disorder. Migraine is often associated with anxiety, depression and other emotional diseases. With the development of physical rehabilitation techniques, the long-term clinical efficacy of rehabilitation in the treatment of migraine and the prevention of recurrence have been widely accepted. This paper reviews the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation therapy in clinical treatment of migraine in recent years.


At barely 21 years of age, there are already calls for genetic exceptionalism to be retired. A little background on the circumstances of its birth might be helpful. The labor was prolonged and arduous. It began, I suppose, with the work of the Task Force on Genetic Information and Insurance, an offshoot of the ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Implications) Working Group for the Human Genome Project. Our mission was to "anticipate ethical, legal, and social policy issues raised by the impact of genetic information on the public's access to health care financing, life and disability insurance and to develop suggestions that could be used to forestall potential problems before they occur" (ELSI Insurance Task Force 1993, 27). We were instructed to work with the insurance industry, regulators, consumers, professional groups, and researchers to develop a clear picture of the looming collision between the insurers' business model that relied on predicting—and limiting liability for—risk, and the anticipated avalanche of genetic information that could be used to assess individuals' likelihood of disease, disability and early death. We were also supposed to recommend policy options for dealing with the impending pile-up. Insurers' conception of distributive justice went by the name "actuarial fairness," roughly the idea that justice consists in tailoring coverage and cost of a policy according to the likelihood that insurers would have to pay for a covered event. It's not a crazy idea. A careless shop owner with a history of many small fires should have to pay more for fire insurance than a fastidious one. A 90-year-old, according to actuarial fairness, should pay more for the same amount of life insurance than a 20-year-old. Applying actuarial fairness to health insurance, however, feels heartless and perverse: The more likely one is to need coverage for a particular illness, the less willing companies are to cover it and the more you must pay if they do. The current debate over preexisting conditions touches this very nerve. By 1991, when the task force began its work, the prospect that massive numbers of people might soon learn through genetic testing that they were predisposed to develop one or more serious maladies caused widespread anxiety. Insurers argued they should be allowed to treat evidence of genetic predispositions to disease just as they'd done with preexisting diseases. The insurance task force was an ad hoc body of a working group (ELSI Research Program) of a joint scientific collaboration between the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy—we had, that is, minimal institutional clout. During our tenure, there was a major undertaking at the White House, led by the wife of the then President, to thoroughly overhaul the American health care system. We were kept at arm's length from that effort, which was shrouded in secrecy, but it seemed likely at the time that its work could have massive implications for how health insurance would operate in the future. In other words, we could only guess what the world of health insurance might be like when our report was published. Nevertheless, we tried to fulfill our charge beginning with health insurance, hoping to get to life and disability income insurances once we'd completed our work on health. As an initiative of the Human Genome Project, our mission was to assess the impact of genetic information. Accordingly, we set out to show how genetic information was different from other kinds of health-related information. We failed. Or, to put it more precisely, we looked one by one at the arguments offered for the uniqueness of genetic information in the context of health insurance. None of them, in the end, was convincing. Sometime later on I began using the term "genetic exceptionalism" to denote the claim that genetic information was so distinct in concept, practical implications, and moral import that it deserved to be singled out from other types of health-related information. At that time, influential authors were describing genetic information as


We developed a special information system for solving the problems of gravitation simulation for distributed objects in mechanic and electronic complexes that generate controlled artificial gravity. The system in based on the authors models of state of the objects, that experience the action? And the criteria for adequacy of the artificial and natural gravities built on the principles of analytical mechanics. The system comprises three functional components: physical simulation (of a centrifuge itself), mathematical models and informational support for making decisions.


As a part of our program for developing new accelerators for high-energy negative ion neutral beamlines, we have studied the pumping properties of a MESQ array such as might be interposed between the ion-source/ pre-acceler ator and a MESQ accelerator. The studies were performed using a two-and-a half dimensional Monte Carlo code under the assumption of molecular flow, with pumping to be provided by cryopanels on either side of the array. The basic unit treated by the code was a unit cell which could be translated laterally or longitudinally to reproduce the full array. We have studied the behavior of the system as a function of electrode geometry, array size. and cryopanel position. 'It was found necessary to insert lateral baffles periodically to prevent downstream migration of the gas in the region be tween the outer edge of the MESQ array and the cryopanels.


Abstract The so-called umbrella problem (or cost-loss ratio situation), in which an individual must decide whether to take an umbrella in the face of uncertainty concerning whether it will rain today, is sometimes used as a textbook example of decision making under uncertainty. This problem is extended to provide a simple demonstration of the way in which the economic value of imperfect information changes as its quality increases.


Efficient monitoring of water systems and proper use of the collected data in further applications such as modelling, forecasting influent water quality and real-time control depends on careful data quality control. Given the size of the data sets produced nowadays in online water quality monitoring schemes, automated data validation is the only feasible option. In this paper, software tools for automatic data quality assessment with a practical orientation are presented. The developments from three organizations ranging from simple to more complex methods for automated data validation are described and evaluated for water quality measurements collected at the inlet of wastewater treatment plants, where probably the hardest measurement conditions are found. The objective of this collaborative effort is to come up with better tools and improved approaches for implementing a successful automatic data quality control procedure. KEYWORKS: Fault detection, filtering, on-line monitoring, outlier detection, sensors.


A case report of 5 day old Thai girl was admitted because of lock jaw, opisthotonos and could not suck one day prior admission. Her mother had no history of antenatal care and was delivered by a traditional birth attendant. Umbilical cord was cut by uncleaned razor and dressed Stump with medical powder. Infected umbilical stump was found. Tetanus neonatorum and pneumonia were diagnosed. She was treated with tetanus antitoxin, antibiotic, curare, partial parenteral nutrition and respiratory care. She was treated in hospital for 40 days and recovered satisfactory. At 2 months old, she had normal development.


Abstract On March 18, 2018, Elaine Herzberg became the first pedestrian in the world to be killed by an autonomous vehicle after being hit by a self-driving Uber SUV in Tempe, AZ, at about 10 p.m. Video released by the local police department showed the self-driving Volvo XC90 did not appear to see Herzberg, as it did not slow down or alter course, even though she was visible in front of the vehicle prior to impact. Subsequently, automotive engineering experts raised questions about Uber's LiDAR technology.12 LiDAR, or "light detection and ranging," uses pulsed laser light to enable a self-driving car to see its surroundings hundreds of feet away.


Preface Key Players Introduction: Solving the German Problem When Did the Cold War End? Revisiting the German Question The Fall of Ostpolitik and the Berlin Wall The Goal Becomes Unification The Process Becomes the Two Plus Four The Design for a New Germany Friendly Persuasion The Final Offer Germany Regains Its Sovereignty Epilogue: Germany Unified and Europe Transformed Notes Index


People with visual impairment (PVI) must interact with a world they cannot see. Remote sighted assistance has emerged as a conversational/social support system. We interviewed participants who either provide or receive assistance via a conversational/social prosthetic called Aira (this https URL). We identified four types of support provided: scene description, performance, social interaction, and navigation. We found that conversational style is context-dependent. Sighted assistants make intentional efforts to elicit PVI's personal knowledge and leverage it in the guidance they provide. PVI used non-verbal behaviors (e.g. hand gestures) as a parallel communication channel to provide feedback or guidance to sighted assistants. We also discuss implications for design.


This short essay traces the conceptual history of micro- and macroscopicity in the context of physical science. By focusing on three distinct episodes spanning five centuries, we show the scientific and philosophical meanings of this antonym pair, despite never being far from "the small" and "the large," have been evolving as the frontier of science advances. We analyze the intellectual and material impetus for these movements, and conclude that this conceptual history reflects the changing interaction between the natural world and humankind.


For a quantale I, which is a unit interval endowed with a continuous triangular norm and the Barr extension βI of the ultrafilter monad to I-Rel, a characterization of the discrete presheaf monad associated to βI is given. It is also proved that, when & is the Łucasiewicz triangular norm, the discrete presheaf monad is isomorphic to the saturated prefilter monad, and when & is the product triangular norm, the prime functional ideal monad is isomorphic to a submonad of the discrete presheaf monad.


The utility model relates to an ultrasonic motor transient characteristic testing device, which comprises a base and an ultrasonic motor arranged on the base. The ultrasonic motor transient characteristic testing device is characterized in that an output shaft at one side of the ultrasonic motor is connected with a photoelectric encoder, an output shaft at the other side is connected with a flywheel inertia load, an output shaft of the flywheel inertia load is connected with a torque sensor through a coupling, a signal output end of the photoelectric encoder and a signal output end of the torque sensor are connected to a control system. The device provided by the utility model is not only high in testing accuracy, but also simple and compact in structure and good in using effect.


This paper advocates a novel learning solution to the modeling of long-term spatial-temporal saliency consistency in order to boost the accuracy for video saliency detection. Conventional methods typically utilize the "slack" spatial-temporal model to locally ensure the smoothness of the computed video saliency, yet they could easily encounter the performance tradeoff dilemma (i.e., detection' accuracy and integrity). In contrast, our novel approach proposes the bilevel learning strategy to globally exploit the saliency consistency while overcoming the aforementioned difficulty. Our method first starts with the contrast computation of low-level saliency clues in a frame-wise manner. Then, based on such obtained saliency clues, we devise a novel bilevel Markov Random Field (bMRF) solution to conduct semantic labelling, which can explicitly indicates both the salient salient foregrounds and nonsalient nearby surroundings with high confidence while shrinking the low confidence remains. In such a way, the spatial-temporal consistency constraint is embedded intrinsically into the above explicit semantic labels, and we prevent the performance tradeoff problem from occurring. Next, based on those semantic labels made by our bMRF method, we further propose learnng multiple nonlinear feature transformations to enlarge the feature margin between the salient foregrounds and the non-salient nearby surroundings, whose key rationale is to resort to long-term common consistencies to enforce the spatial-temporal smoothness. Thus, we can utilize these learned non-linear feature transformations to simultaneously suppress those short-term false-alarms and correct those hollow effects. To validate our new approach, we conduct extensive experiments on five publicly available benchmarks, and make comprehensive, quantitative evaluations between our method and 17 state-of-the-art techniques. All of the results demonstrate our method's advantages in terms of accuracy, reliability, robustness, and versatility.


This paper critically examines the view of quantum mechanics that emerged shortly after the introduction of quantum mechanics and that has been widespread ever since. Although N. Bohr, P. A. M. Dirac, and W. Heisenberg advanced this view earlier, it is best exemplified by J. von Neumann's argument in Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (1932) that the transformation of "a [quantum] state … under the action of an energy operator … is purely causal," while, "on the other hand, the state … which may measure a [given] quantity … undergoes in a measurement a non‐casual change." Accordingly, while the paper discusses all four of these arguments, it will especially focus on that of von Neumann. The paper also offers an alternative, noncausal, view of the quantum‐mechanical situation and considers the differences between the ensemble and the Bayesian approaches to quantum mechanics from this perspective.


Software engineering major is a strong engineering major, the practice base outside the university has an important role in the training of software engineering professionals in undergraduate colleges. The article affirms the effect of off-campus practice base on the training of software engineering professionals, points out the problems faced in the construction and management of off-campus practice base, and puts forward corresponding suggestions and measures. The article believes that only through the reform and innovation to improve the management model of the practice base outside school, to achieve a win-win situation between schools and enterprises, can better provide technical and resource services for the training of software engineering professionals.


Objective: To evaluate coronal reformations of the chest on 64-row multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) for detection of pulmonary embolisms compared with axial images. Methods: Thirty-eight consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary computed tomography angiography (CTA) on 64-row MDCT for a suspected pulmonary embolism were retrospectively studied. Contiguous 2-mm axial and coronal images were reviewed independently. A pulmonary embolism was assessed in the main, lobar, or segmental pulmonary arteries and was scored using a 5-point scale. Results: A pulmonary embolism was demonstrated in 10% (4 of 38) of axial images and 16% (6 of 38) of coronal images. Interpretation was concordant in 95% to 100% of cases for a main or lobar pulmonary embolism and in 80% to 82% of cases for a segmental pulmonary embolism. Agreement of scores was almost perfect for a amain or lobar pulmonary embolism (mean weighted &kgr; value = 0.969) and moderate to good for a segmental pulmonary embolism (mean weighted &kgr; value = 0.560). Conclusion: Coronal reformations of the chest on 64-row MDCT were as informative as axial images for the detection of main, lobar, and segmental pulmonary embolisms.


Biological study on space plants is a newly-developed subject. The effect of plants under the condition of space centres on space microgravity environment. The research suggests that the microgravity has great effect on such aspects of plants as geotropism, photosynthesis, reproduction and aging, organ growth and cell growth and differentiation.


Rangsang Island is one of the 4 main islands in the Meranti Islands Regency. The location of this island is very strategic because it is directly adjacent to the Malacca Strait so that the island has very high economic value. Abrasion that occurred on Rangsang Island resulted in a lot of losses suffered by people living on the island's coast, including eroded coconut plantation land, damaged docks, to people who were forced to move because the location of the house was very prone to landslides. This final project identifies beaches that have a high level of vulnerability in Pulau Rangsang. Based on the results of the analysis, Pantai Tanah Merah is the beach with the highest vulnerability value. Installation of breakwater structures is effective in preventing unwanted shoreline changes in Tanah Merah. This is because material accessibility is closer to Tanah Merah Beach, prices are relatively cheaper, maintenance is easier so that it can improve work efficiency


Cities are among the world´s largest consumersof electric energy, accountable for two-thirdsof total electricity consumption and for over 70 percent of global greenhouse gases emissions. Publicstreet lighting systems contribute significantly toa city´s energy consumption. In Brazil, the cost of energy for public lighting already represents thesecond most expensive item of most municipalities' budgets, surpassed only by payroll expenditures.Furthermore, new regulations require all themunicipalities to own the city's public lightingassets, making public lighting one of the few sectors in which local authorities have direct control over energy-consuming assets (contrastedwith other high energy-consuming sectors such as transport). As a result, the local authorities willhave every incentive to invest in and implementlighting projects by themselves.In Brazil, the current public street lighting inventory primarily consists of mercury and HPS lamps, which over time will tend to be replaced by more efficient technologies such as Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). This new technology is already in operation in some major cities in other countries. The availability and increasing spread of LED technology offers a unique opportunity for Brazilian cities to reduce their energy consumption. This is especially important and beneficial to cities, considering the sharp increase in energy prices in recent years.In spite of the substantial benefits associated with the conversion of the installed public lighting network in Brazilian cities, major economic financial and institutional obstacles still need to be overcome.In order to reap the benefits of conversion to LED,it is necessary to design and implement business models that can enable the necessary investments.These business models must take into account the diversity of Brazil's municipalities. Furthermore,consideration must be given to designing financial solutions that can raise private sector capital while mitigating municipal credit and project performance risks.


A numerical method that can be used to analyze an infinite array of pyramid absorbers such as those used in anechoic chambers excited by a plane wave of arbitrary frequency and angle of incidence is presented. The method can be adapted to any absorber geometry. The problem is solved using transmission line matrix (TLM) analysis over a mesh placed around one absorber pyramid. Link voltages exciting the side of the single cell are delayed by a phase factor dependent on the frequency and angle of incidence and reinserted into the opposite side. This effectively simulates an infinite array of such absorbers. The method works because of the fact that the exciting signal looks the same everywhere (except for phase). The method yields gross reflection coefficient as a function of frequency and angle of incidence for any given absorber shape.<<ETX>>


At the Astronomical Institute of the Univeristy of Bern (AIUB) long time-series (1995 – 2017) of low resolution (spherical harmonic degree/order 6) gravity field coefficients have been determined from a combination of LAGEOS and geodetic SLR satellites in low Earth orbit, namely: Beacon-C, Ajisai, Starlette, Stella, Larets, and Lares. Monthly gravity fields, excluding degree 1 terms, are co-estimated with orbits (10-day LAGEOS and 1-day LEO arcs), station coordinates, range biases, geocenter variations and Earth orientation parameters.


A comparison was done for serum lipid profile, glucose, adiponectin and insulin levels with/without hyperlipidemia; and with/without diabetes mellitus-II Wistar rat; with histopathological and immunohistochemical studies on pancreatic Langerhans islets and s-cells (endocrine secretary portion of insulin). Sixty four adult Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups with 14 weeks study duration. The study is an elevation of serum glucose levels and decrease in insulin and adiponectin levels in diabetic groups. Serum lipid profile: triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein were elevated and high density lipoprotein was decreased in obesity groups. However, these items were in demanded balance after adiponectin treatments. Histopathological alterations were found in diabetic groups severely and moderately in obesity/without diabetes groups. Also, insulin investigation content showed strong immune-reaction in pancreatic β-cells in the control groups and light to null insulin immune-reaction in obesity and diabetic groups when stained with anti-insulin antibody. After adiponectin administration, there was a β-cells dysfunction recovery and moderate insulin immune- reaction.

 Key words: Glucose, insulin, adiponectin, diabetes mellitus type-II, pancreatic s-cells


Background:Childhood malnutrition is a major public health problem be it a developing or developed country. It is a major contributor to the deaths among the under-five group. This highlights the need for an accurate index to measure the burden of malnutrition correctly as traditionally used indices underestimate the burden.A new index, the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure- CIAF can give a better approximation of the burden of malnutrition amongst under five children. Objective:To assess the nutritional status in terms of Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) amongst under five children in the study population. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to include 260 children under five yearsusing stratified random sampling, in an urbanized village of Delhi from November 2018 to April 2020. Data was collected using pre-designed, semi structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Using WHO 2006 growth charts, Weight-for-Age, Height-for-Age and Weight-for-Height were determined for each child and were used to calculate Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) Prevalence (%).Descriptive statistics and chi square test were applied. Results and Conclusion:Out of the total 260 study participants, only 80 (30.8%) participants had no anthropometric failure i.e., 69.2% had one or more type of anthropometric failure. According to standard anthropometric indices, 39.2% were underweight, 40.8% stunted and 47.3% were wasted. CIAF can act as a single aggregated figure to determine the status of undernourished children in the community.


Introduction: Renal Cell Carcinoma abbreviated as (RCC) occurs inside the kidney tubular coating in the region inside the renal cortex. RCC is one of the riskiest and most aggressive forms of the tumour as its detection, treatment; rate of recurrence is cumbersome and sophisticated. Many detection techniques are available for kidney cell cancer Diagnosis and Staging Carcinoma. Aims: In this review paper, all such available techniques like Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Computerized tomography (CT) and others are discussed and the methods followed in each one of them. Methodology: The findings of these are analysed for the prognosis, staging and further treatment of RCC. Results and Conclusion: The new novel methods enclosing the usage of biomarkers present as tumour markers along with body samples are also enclosed which would be more rapid, specific and constitute novel point-of-care biosensors and are also cost-effective.


To assess the malaria reintroduction risk in Morocco, we analyzed the malariogenic potential of a rice cultivation area in the north of the country. Our results showed that the receptivity of this area is very high during all the period of the rice cultivation, from May to October. the vectorial capacity of An. labranchiae, malaria vector in Morocco, is considerably high during the summer which corresponds to the rice cultivation period. The risk of autochthonous malaria resumption is important because of the possible presence of gametocytes carriers in the last malaria focus which is bordering the study area. The risk of a tropical malaria


The distribution of yttrium and lanthanum dopants has been mapped in yttrium- and lanthanum-doped polycrystalline aluminas using imaging secondary-ion mass spectrometry (imaging-SIMS). Both dopants segregate to grain boundaries and pore surfaces. On average, yttrium occupies 7.1%–9.0% of the available grain-boundary cation sites, whereas lanthanum occupies only 2.0%–5.2%. In 1000-ppm-yttrium-doped alumina, an abundance of yttrium aluminum garnet precipitates also is observed. Implications of these observations to the creep behavior of alumina are discussed. The similarity in the segregation behavior of yttrium and lanthanum highlights the potential of lanthanum-doped alumina for improved creep properties.


Resumen en: The chronology of bulge and disk formation is a major unsolved issue in galaxy forma- tion, which impacts on our global understand- ing of the Hubble ...


We consider scheduling on a single machine with one non-availability period to minimize the weighted sum of completion times. We provide a preemptive algorithm with an approximation ratio arbitrarily close to the Golden Ratio,~$(1+\sqrt{5})/2+\eps$, which improves on a previously best known~$2$-approximation. The non-preemptive version of the same algorithm yields a~$(2+\eps)$-approximation.


The reaction of 3-(4-pyridyl)benzoate (34pbz) under solvothermal and solvent evaporation conditions produced several two-dimensional (2D) square lattice metal–organic frameworks compounds, {[Zn(34pbz)2]·DMF}n (1), {[Zn(34pbz)2]·DMF}n (2), and {[Zn(34pbz)2]·2DMF·CH3OH·1/2H2O}n (3). Although the frameworks of 1, 2, and 3 have identical elemental composition, these networks differ in the binding mode of the carboxylate moiety to the metal center. In compound 1 the carboxylate moiety assumes a monodentate binding mode, while in 2 and 3 it assumes a chelating binding mode. Compounds 1 and 3 crystallize in space group P21/c with different unit cell parameters, while compound 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system. In all three crystal structures, networks are formed by connecting mononuclear Zn(II) units with 34pbz linkers forming a square grid network. The solvent accessible void volumes in 1 (21%) and 2 (18%) are comparable, while compound 3 has a void volume of 42%, which is extremely large for a 2D...


Summary Milk secretion in the six abdominal mammary glands of lactating rats was assessed after spinal cord transection at T-11 and after prolactin replacement, to further define the role of somatic sensory pathways in the suckling-induced release of prolactin. The six pectoral mammary glands were rendered nonfunctional by ligation of the main milk ducts on postpartum day 2. Somatic sensory denervation of the 6 abdominal mammary glands was accomplished on day 10–11. Each mother nursed 6 young. The growth of litters of cord-transected lactating rats was greatly reduced in comparison to that of sham-operated rats. Prolactin (17 IU) plus oxytocin (1 IU) 3 × daily resulted in significant improvement in litter growth and in food and water intake of the mothers in comparison with oxytocin-injected control rats, but was without detectable effect upon the loss in maternal body weight which follows spinal cord transection. Litter growth following prolactin treatment was less than that of sham-operated rats. Prolactin did not increase litter growth when the mothers were pair-fed to oxytocin-injected mothers. These data indicate that the spinal cord serves as a pathway for sensory impulses from the mammary gland to the CNS which are fundamental in the reflex release of prolactin from the adenohypophysis. The data also suggest that prolactin stimulates food intake in some manner with the additional food converted more readily into milk than into maternal tissue.


Acadia Powder Company of Waverley produced gunpowder, which was used to blast apart rock, speeding up the mining process. The powder was also used for hunting, which explains the motif on this can.


The theory of rotating ion exospheres in dipolar magnetic field geometries is used to predict some effects of the rings on the inner plasmaspheres of the ringed planets Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. Plasma exospheres consist of four types of particles: 1) ballistic particles with trajectories that intersect the exobase in the same hemisphere twice, 2) trapped particles with trajectories that do not intersect the exobase in either hemisphere, 3) escaping particles which travel from the exobase to the conjugate exobase and 4) incoming particles which similarly arrive at the exobase from the conjugate exobase. The analysis carried out herein assumes a purely ionospheric source. It is found that if rings affect the trapped plasma only, the cold plasma density at Saturn will be either reduced or increased by a factor of ∼2 at L = 1.65, depending on whether the ring populates or empties the trapped trajectories. The ionospheric plasma density at Uranus similarly depends on the properties of Uranus' rings. At Jupiter, however, ionospheric particles in the inner plasmasphere are primarily on ballistic trajectories which do not intersect the rings except possibly at longitudes where the rings are far from the magnetic equator (due to the non-dipolar magnetic components of Jupiter's field). When the properties of the rings as sources and sinks of ions are more accurately determined, these conclusions may have to be altered. However, it is found that if all cold plasma particles on trapped orbits are absorbed and the rings are not a source of plasma, this simple exospheric theory can explain the ionospheric density profile inferred from the Pioneer 11 Saturn radio occultation experiment, in which a localized peak in the profile was observed on field lines threading the Guerin division between the C and D rings. The results of the imminent Voyager radio occultation observations will provide more data for quantitative analyses with the exospheric model.


Studying link structure of the World Wide Web (WWW) is an area which has attracted a lot of interest. Several papers have been published on structural analysis of hyperlinked environments such as the WWW. The WWW can be modeled as a graph and valuable information can be derived by analyzing links between the Web-pages primarily for the purpose of building better search engines. Many novel methods have been presented to discover communities from the WWW and discover authoritative Web-pages. Citation analysis is a branch of information science on which plenty of research has been done. Citation analysis pertains to analysis of articles and research paper citations in a scholarly field and deriving useful information from it. It has primarily been used as a useful tool to quantify and judge the impact of a paper or a journal. The work presented in this paper lies at the intersection of the two fields: structural analysis of WWW and citation analysis. In this paper, we present a method for classifying documents (such as articles and patents containing references) to a class or topic based on their link structure, references and citations. The method consists of analyzing the link structure of a corpus to first identify authoritative papers and assigning a class label to them. The class labels are assigned manually by a domain expert by going through the respective documents. The next step consists of identifying related papers to the authoritative papers using citation analysis. The authoritative papers, their class labels and their related papers constitute a model. Papers for which class label needs to be determined are classified based on the created model.


In PMIPv6-based network, mobile nodes can be made smaller and lighter because the network nodes perform the mobility management-related functions on behalf of the mobile nodes. The one of the protocols, Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6(FPMIPv6)[1] has studied by the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF). Since FPMIPv6 adopts the entities and the concepts of Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6(FMIPv6) in Proxy Mobile IPv6(PMIPv6), it reduces the packet loss. Conventional scheme has proposed that it cooperated with an Authentication, Authorization and Accounting(AAA) infrastructure for authentication of a mobile node in PMIPv6, Despite the best efficiency, without begin secured of signaling messages, PMIPv6 is vulnerable to various security threats such as the DoS or redirect attAcks and it can not support global mobility between PMIPv. In this paper, we analyze Kang-Park & ESS-FH scheme, and then propose an Enhanced Security scheme for FPMIPv6(ESS-FP). Based on the CGA method and the pubilc key Cryptography, ESS-FP provides the strong key exchange and the key independence in addition to improving the weaknesses for FPMIPv6. The proposed scheme is formally verified based on Ban-logic, and its handover latency is analyzed and compared with that of Kang-Park scheme[3] & ESS-FH and this paper propose inter-domain fast handover sheme for PMIPv6 using proxy-based FMIPv6(FPMIPv6).


In a highly competitive world market there is a continuing need to develop new products offering additional features, smaller size, increased reliability, improved cost-effectiveness and higher data storage. A typical product lifetime is 2-4 years, thus a reduced time to market to exploit the window of opportunity has a considerable impact on profitability. During the latter part of 1993 a new fast track development programme was initiated using the principles of concurrent engineering to bring a new half inch cartridge product to market in half of the total time taken for earlier products, despite a product complexity around five times greater. The goal was to have the new product available from the manufacturing facility in 18 months after commencing the full development programme without compromising the overall product quality, reliability, or performance. Significant project objectives which helped to differentiate the product from the competition and which contributed to an overall improved competitiveness include: low material cost; high reliability; low inventory; ease of assembly (design for manufacture); versatility (adapt to customer requirements); and materials at point of use (JIT philosophy).


Deficits in phonological skills appear to be at the heart of reading disability; however, the nature of this impairment is not yet known. The hypothesis that dyslexic subjects are impaired in auditory frequency discrimination was tested by using an attention‐independent auditory brain potential, termed mismatch negativity (MMN) while subjects performed a visual distractor task. In separate blocks, MMN responses to graded changes in tone frequency or tone duration were recorded in 10 dyslexic and matched control subjects. MMN potentials to changes in tone frequency but not to changes in tone duration were abnormal in dyslexic subjects. This physiological deficit was corroborated by a similarly specific impairment in discriminating tone frequency, but not tone duration, which was assessed separately. Furthermore, the pitch discrimination and MMN deficit was correlated with the degree of impairment in phonological skills, as reflected in reading errors of regular words and nonwords. It is possible that in dyslexia a persistent sensory deficit in monitoring the frequency of incoming sound may impair the feedback control necessary for the normal development of phonological skills. Ann Neurol 1999;45:495–503


This letter demonstrates vertical GaN junction barrier Schottky (JBS) rectifiers fabricated with novel ion implantation techniques. We used two different methods to form the lateral p-n grids below the Schottky contact: 1) Mg implantation into n-GaN to form p-wells and 2) Si implantation into p-GaN to form n-wells. Specific differential ON-resistances (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 1.5–2.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega ~\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 and 7–9 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega ~\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 were obtained in the Mg-implanted and Si-implanted JBS rectifiers, respectively. A breakdown voltage of 500–600 V was achieved in both devices, with a leakage current at high reverse biases at least 100-fold lower than conventional vertical GaN Schottky barrier diodes. The impact of n-well and p-well widths on the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and BV was investigated. Fast switching capability was also demonstrated. This letter shows the feasibility of forming patterned p-n junctions by novel ion implantation techniques, to enable high-performance vertical GaN power devices.


Duty cycling control (DCC) of air conditioning can bring significant peak clipping and energy saving benefits for city power grids. Being small scattered loads with different thermal comfort requirements, residential air conditioners (RACs) need grouping and grading DCC. Hence, after deriving the room temperature equations, this paper suggests a RAC grouping method based on the two indices of room characteristic temperature (RCT) and temperature change index (TCI). An energy saving maximization model is further presented for optimizing the grading DCC strategies of the grouped RACs, producing three duty cycles corresponding to three levels of thermal comfort. Results of a case study on a low-carbon residential quarter in Chongming District, Shanghai show that if not violating the residents' willingness, the RACs shall be assigned to the DCC grade of the smallest duty cycle so that greater energy saving effect can be achieved. However, RACs with high RCTs and TCIs might only be able to participate in the grades of large duty cycles for catering their thermal comfort requirement. With small single-point benefit though, DCC on RACs can produce significant energy saving and peak clipping effect if applied in large scale.


Abstract Eating disorders (ED) are psychiatric diseases characterized by the alteration of the caloric intake. Besides, ED have a high comorbidity with depression and anxiety. In Mexico, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has shown to be a valid and reliable instrument in patients with HIV, cancer, and obesity but its psychometric properties have not been assessed in patients with ED, being the latter the aim of this research. A total of 325 patients (Mage = 22.0, SD = 9.7), completed the HADS. Based on principal axis factoring and oblimin rotation the scale yielded 12 items divided into two subscales: Depression (with nine items) and Anxiety (with three items). With this structure was confirmed the internal consistency of the scale (α = 0.88) and the two subscales (α > 0.80), however the items did not group in the same order than they did in the original scale, for this reason the new configuration of the HADS was analyzed in detail based on the features of the population where the scale was examined, this means, in patients with ED.


Health Information System (HIS) course, which is a discipline that combines hospital management with computer science, is generally taken at the undergraduate level and has strong comprehensiveness and practicality. However, most traditional teachings are separated from practical operation in the current teaching process, which is cannot really promote students' practical ability. To solve these problems, we propose a course teaching system based on project-driving method to carry out the design and applied research of HIS course teaching. It includes the project-driving design, theory teaching modules, practical teaching design, and grading plan. Then we design a questionnaire on the needs for students' evaluation feedback. The results show that compared with traditional teaching methods, our teaching method can better improve the learning interest, self-learning ability, engineering practice ability, and innovation and as well as teamwork of students.


INTRODUCTION In this chapter we develop a multiple-imputation, or model-based alternative, to the Neyman-style moment-based analyses for super-population average treatment effects introduced in Chapters 23 and 24. The model-based approach discussed in this chapter has a number of advantages over the moment-based approach, both conceptual and practical. First, it offers a principled way to incorporate the restrictions on the joint distribution of the observed variables that arise from the various exclusion restrictions and the monotonicity assumption. Second, it allows for a straightforward and flexible way to incorporate covariates. In the current chapter we allow for continuous covariates, or at least covariates taking on too many values for analyses to be feasibly conducted separately on subpopulations homogeneous in the covariates' values. Therefore, we focus on a model-based approach, similar to that in Chapter 8 used in completely randomized experiments. As in Chapter 8, we start by building statistical models for the potential outcomes. A distinct feature of the approach in this chapter is that we also build a statistical model for the compliance behavior. We use these models to simulate the missing potential outcomes and the missing compliance behaviors, and use those in turn to draw inferences regarding causal effects of the primary treatment for the subset of units who would always comply with their assignment. The remainder of this chapter is organized as follows. In the next section we introduce the data used to illustrate the concepts and methods discussed in this chapter. These data come from a randomized experiment designed to evaluate the effect of an influenza vaccine on hospitalization rates. Rather than randomly giving or withholding the flu vaccine itself (the latter was considered unethical), encouragement to vaccinate was randomized, making this what Holland (1988) called a randomized encouragement design , closely related to Zelen's (1979, 1990) randomized consent design . In Section 25.2 we also carry out some preliminary analyses of the type discussed in the previous chapters, including simple intention-to-treat analyses. In Section 25.3 we discuss the implications of the presence of covariates and formulate critical assumptions to account for them.


OBJECTIVE To explore into the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on the pulmonary function of healthy people. METHOD 80 healthy males ranging from 20 to 22 in age were divided randomly into an acupuncture group of 40 people and a moxibustion group of 40 people, and the vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMF), MEF maximal expiratory flow (PEFR) and the maximal expiratory flow rate at 75%, 50% and 25% vital capacity (V75, V50, V25) were measured 10 minutes before and after acupuncture or moxibustion treatment. RESULT After acupuncture or moxibustion treatment, FVC and FEV1.0 of both groups increased markedly (P0.05). FVC in the acupuncture group was markedly higher than in the moxibustion group (P0.05). MMF and V25 in the moxibustion group decreased markedly (P0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture and moxibustion on Feishu in healthy people decreases the resistance in the major airway and increases the vital capacity, suggesting that the smoke from the burning of moxa wools causes the contraction of the minor airway and leads to obstructive changes.


We study the analysis of the access to the high skilled jobs young people of the generation left the education system in 1998. We show that the family background plays a part after the exit of the education system independently of the effect of the family background on the education level. In addition, if the education level of the girls is higher on average than that of the boys, the proportion of boys who occupies high skilled jobs is a higher quarter than that of the girls. First of all, the family background proves more penalizing for the girls that for the boys. Then, the influence of the profession of the father appears especially favorable to the boys, the profession of the mother acting especially on the destiny of the girls. The indirect effect of the family background via the level of studies remains nevertheless the principal one determining access to the most qualified employment


The swept sine technique is very popular for the measurement of room impulse response due to its large signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and immunity against subtle time‐variance and nonlinearity of the room under test. However, the acoustical measurements in the presence of high background noise levels leads usually to unsatisfactory results. For situations of high level nonstationary noise, the mean square of the overall sequence must be minimized in order to increase the SNR. The new technique named segmented swept sine consists in exciting the room with a set of M swept sine signals with application of a dedicated weighting average method and a noise pattern recognition procedure. Each swept sine signal is segmented followed by the estimation of the mean square (MS) value of the respective segment. A weighting procedure is applied to each segment according to the MS value and the likelihood between them. The average technique is then applied. This procedure ensures that the resulting swept sine signal has t...


Nowadays, English is an official language around the world. Many people have problem for communicating because they do not know English. To exceed the problem, it is important to study English more and take Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) because it can help them to develop their English ability. The objective of this study is to contribute to this discussion by examining: If there is any significant difference in achievement of English language proficiency of the participants after taking English for 180 hours during six semesters. The participants were 63 young adult, they were 2006 batch enrolled in Universitas Advent Indonesia. The participants of this study have taken English Entrance Exam (E3in) in the first semester and English Exit Exam (E3exit) in the 6th semester. This research obtained the data as follows: X (E3in) as pre-test=63, Y (E3exit) as post-test=63. The means of pre-test was 353.65 with mean standard deviation was 24.488 and with mean standard error was 3.085. And after the treatments, the mean of post-test was 443.83 with mean standard deviation was 32.001 and with mean standard error was 4.032. The mean gain score between the two tests was 90.17. This result was supported by t-counted result was 2.636 and t-table result was 1.671. It means that t-counted > t-table. Thus, Ha is accepted, that there is a significant difference of achievement in English language proficiency after taking English for 180 hours during six semesters.


The Foundation for the Study of Cycles—a non-profit organization created to foster, promote, and conduct scientific research in respect to rhythmic and periodic fluctuations in any branch of science—announces the offering of a medal to the person who, during 1943, publishes the book or paper in this field that in the opinion of the judges is the most outstanding.


Lignite-fired power plants are usually linked to an open cast mine. If the coal composition changes, the boiler equipment will possibly have to be adjusted as well. In the present case, the coal composition has been trending towards low ash contents and higher heating values for many years. These basically favourable changes are accompanied, however, by a changed boiler fouling behaviour. Since the year 2000, several tests have been performed at 600 MW and 300 MW units which systematically investigated the boilers' fouling behaviour as a function of coal composition and plant operating mode. A wide range of measuring equipment and analytical systems, part of which were newly developed, was used in this context. Specifically, the fouling velocity was investigated using neural networks in order to identify potential optimizations achievable through changes in operating modes. Operating parameters were defined which allow the boiler's fouling condition to be stabilized on a permanent basis. Employment of vortex burners ensuring swirling of both dust mixture and secondary air allows the entire potential of this operating mode to be exploited. Presented are the results of utility boiler tests and the stepwise methodology applied for problem identification, solution development and operational implementation.


To analyze the effects of high ovarian response on endometrial collagen synthesis and related gene expression during the peri‐implantation period in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer.


Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a technology that can support telemedicine. WBAN can run in real time to monitor patient health parameters. However, without strong protection for the data exchange process in the open channel model, it can be an opportunity for adversary to carry out illegal activities. Therefore, it is necessary to fulfill security and privacy factors on a WBAN system using a cryptographic protocol. In 2021, Soni & Singh introduced a secure authentication and key agreement protocol that uses lowcost operations and can be used on WBAN called Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement (LAKA). In this paper, an offline dictionary attack was tested on the LAKA protocol and resulted that the LAKA protocol was vulnerable to offline dictionary attack. Furthermore, modification of the LAKA protocol was carried out using the method proposed by Ding & Ping by adding fuzzy verifiers and honeywords. Modifications are made in the registration phase and authentication phase. The security analysis of the modified protocol was carried out using the Random-or-Real (ROR) model and applied an offline dictionary attack theoretically. The results of the analysis using the ROR model show that the modified protocol meets semantic security against offline dictionary attack with the assumption of smartcard loss. The results of the analysis of offline dictionary attack theoretically show that the method proposed by Ding & Ping can overcome the vulnerability to offline dictionary attack.


The main object of present work was to develop of cefixime lozenge for the treatment of throat infection to provide local action and improve patient compliance. Lozenge formulation of cefixime was developed in order to reduce the side effect associated with systemic route. The lozenges were prepared by heating and congealing method using gelatin base (gelatin, propylene glycol and glycerin). All the prepared formulations were characterized for drug content, thickness, diameter, weight variation, moisture content, in-vitro dissolution by pharmaceutical standard method and taste masking on human volunteers. The selected formulation was having good transparency and pourability with disintegration time, in vitro drug release 93.07 % in anti microbial activity study showed that the prepared formulation does not hamper the anti microbial activity of cefixime. Accelerated stability study conducted as per ICH guidelines at 45 o C and 75% relative humidity over a period of one month found that there wasn't any substantial interaction between the drugs, flavour and colour and the prepared formulation were stable. Development lozenge formulation was beneficial because it was used for local throat infection. So, local delivery was applied to treat bacterial infection. KEYWORD: Medicated Lozenge, Cefixime, Throat infection, Glycerin, Gelatin. INTRODUCTION Lozenges are solid dosage forms, containing medicament in a sweetened & flavored base, intended to dissolve slowly in the mouth. Lozenges are mainly contained sweetening agent, WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SJIF Impact Factor 5.210 Volume 4, Issue 07, 645-656. Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 Article Received on 10 May 2015, Revised on 01 June 2015, Accepted on 23 June 2015


This article deals with the trajectory tracking of linear plants with sampled and delayed outputs. A class of sampled-data controllers with two time-scales is proposed which allows sampled tracking with a delay twice as much as that of the plant output. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Current trends in traveling to wilderness areas, observing vanishing species and ecosystems, and participating in challenging activities draw their foundations from a historical context of adventurers and explorers, Grand Tours, and romantic solitary travelers. A metaphor of sojourning is presented that provides an interpretation of wilderness travel related to ethical action and political power structures. Initial discussion looks at four guideposts related to sojourning that include a sojourning mindset, a process of self-reflection, inclusion of all living entities, and political action. Portions of the manuscript set off by [ ] reflect the authors' reflections and experiences that support an integration of experience and theory related to sojourning. [It was a warm, sunny day as we hiked up to Spirit Lake not far from Quetzaltanango. First, we wandered through a village of one-lane roads; our presence spread like wildfire through the small village. Although feeling better about our Spanish, it was useless since Spanish is often a second language for the Mayan villager. Nevertheless, they would say a few things and point to the direction of the lake. At the edge of the village, we began to hike into the lush forests of Guatemala. Deep, deep greens, large, broadleaf plants that create light patterns enclosed around us. Periodically, we would pass the fields of farmers pushing further and further into the forest. Occasionally, there were patches of 'slash and burn' to remind us of the destructive farming practices of people with no resources. As we passed these fields, children would often ask for food, and I was down to a mango by the time we stopped for lunch. When we reached Spirit Lake, I wandered off to experience a moment of solitude that I often associate with wilderness. A small path just ten feet from the waters edge, but hidden from view by the vegetation, circled the lake. It was small and I could be around it before the others would want to go back. I walked casually just drinking in the silence, the sense of aloneness, the difference. Without warning, the young soldier stood before me with his machine gun held ready for action. The young men taken from the bus between Guatemala City and Quetzaltanango appeared in my mind. "Pasaporte! Pasaporte!" he ordered. Fortunately, I had mine, handed it over, and was careful not to look too long in his eyes. After some long minutes of him looking at each and every page, he handed it back and was gone. I stood there shaking, absorbing the shift in my own consciousness of the word, wilderness.] Sojourning _____________________ As three travelers from North America, we are committed to protecting those lands labeled special places, wilderness, protected areas, and national parks. And yet, we are increasingly aware of the multiple meanings associated with these lands, the contradictory forces of benefit and harm they set in motion, and the emergence of paradoxical contexts requiring ethical action. We feel an urgency to elaborate alternative accounts, to learn to think differently about wilderness, to invent other frameworks, other images, and other modes of thought, especially in the light of the destruction of wilderness, the challenges that lay before us, and the possibility of collaborative successes. This paper represents our explorations into the meaning of these places, our ethical obligations to those places, and our struggles to enact our values. We are convinced that we must find varying ways to address the ethical issues related to the protection of wilderness and the relationship of humans to wilderness. The metaphor of sojourning has helped us look more critically at our own world views, actions, and ethics. We would like to focus on the present with awareness of the past and an eye to the future and creatively play with a sojourning metaphor that may hold us accountable for our heritage and lead us to new relationships and ethical actions. Is it possible, in the face of complexity and uncertainty, to construct theory and practices that are mindful? We hope so, but believe careful attention must be paid to the contexts in which seemingly isolated elements occur. This paper is multilayered and emanates from our work separately and collectively. Perhaps as we stand along the edge, like a sojourner, who has lived among multiple places and peoples and can no longer claim one singular identity, we will sense the tensions, the paradoxes, the possibilities, and the ongoing rhythms necessary to live in multiple worlds and layers. The sojourning metaphor focuses on a dynamic nexus involving self, wilderness, movement, ethics related to people and places, and political action. From our perspective, sojourning is one metaphor related to sustaining wilderness and forms of movement that are respectful to


BACKGROUND
Balloon-assisted deployment/remodelling is a proven adjunctive technique for coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms, and it may be a helpful adjunct in delivering the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of balloon-assisted WEB deployment in both ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms in both typical and atypical locations.

METHODS
Patients who underwent treatment of ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms with the BAWD technique were retrospectively identified from a prospectively maintained database at two neurointerventional centres. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, technical procedure details, clinical and imaging outcomes were reviewed.

RESULTS
Thirty-three aneurysms (23 women) were identified with a median age of 58 years. There were 15 (45.5%) ruptured aneurysms, 25 (64.3%) in the anterior circulation and 12 (36.4%) aneurysms having an atypical location for WEB treatment. The average aneurysm size was 6.8 mm (greatest dimension), 4.6 mm (height) and 4.5 mm (width), and 25 (75.8%) aneurysms had a wide neck morphology. One patient died (3.0%) secondary to a procedure-related complication, and there was no procedure-related permanent morbidity. Complete and adequate aneurysm occlusion on mid-term follow-up DSA was 85.2% and 92%, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Balloon-assisted WEB deployment appears to be a safe and effective technique that may increase the utility of the WEB device. Further prospective studies on BAWD should be considered.


To provide an improved reliability of a thin film transistor. The gate comprises a first gate and a second gate width narrower than the first gate electrode has a tapered portion. The first semiconductor layer via a gate incorporating a low concentration of phosphorus. In the semiconductor layer, the channel forming region and the n


near relative, seems to appear every three months or so The risk of there being multiple productions is, of course, that none of them are given the time and attention they deserve. Preventmg Accidents to Children, as a traming resource for health visitors, is intended to be used by 'tutors'. The assumption is that this means health visitor tutors, since much of the work relates to students in training. One immediate question came into my mind during a cursory scan of the material. One of the reasons for producing this pack was to &dquo;enable both students and expenenced health visitors to review their attitudes to and role in child accident prevention ... &dquo; This statement assumes that all tutors have reached a stage where they regard accident prevention as a personal learning pnority. With the advent of the Children's Act and other changes, I doubt this is the


Objective: The objective of the study is to describe the extent to which students with ADHD received school-based intervention services and identify demographic, diagnostic, and impairment-related variables that are associated with service receipt in a large, nationally drawn sample. Method: Parent-reported data were obtained for 2,495 children with ADHD aged 4 to 17 years from the National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome (NS-DATA). Results: The majority (69.3%) of students with ADHD currently receive one or more school services. Educational support (62.3%) was nearly twice as prevalent as classroom behavior management (32.0%). More than 3 times as many students with ADHD had an individualized education program (IEP; 42.9%) as a Section 504 plan (13.6%). Conclusion: At least one in five students with ADHD do not receive school services despite experiencing significant academic and social impairment, a gap that is particularly evident for adolescents and youth from non–English-speaking and/or lower income families.


As the scope of virtual reality applications including stereoscopic imaging becomes wider, it is quite clear that not every designer of a VR application thinks of its constraints in order to make a correct use of stereo. Stereoscopic imagery though not required can be a useful tool for depth perception. It is possible to limit the depth of field as shown by Perrin who has also undertaken research on the link between the ability of fusing stereoscopic images (stereopsis) and local disparity and spatial frequency content. We will show how we can extend and enhance this work especially on the computational complexity point of view. The wavelet theory allows us to define a local spatial frequency and then a local measure of stereoscopic comfort. This measure is based on local spatial frequency and disparity as well as on the observations made by Woepking. Local comfort estimation allows us to propose several filtering methods to enhance this comfort. The idea to modify the images such as they check a "stereoscopic comfort condition" defined as a threshold for the stereoscopic comfort condition. More technically, we seek to limit high spatial frequency content when disparity is high thanks to the use of fast algorithms.


The dynamic response of a pipe model is tested, including empty pipe and the liquid filled pipe with different kinds of liquids and different volume liquid. Based on these experiment data, changing rules of mode parameters (main frequencies, main vibration modes, mode damping) of different type pipe are analyzed and compared. The experiment result is useful to the reducing vibration and noise of liquid filled pipe in engineering.


Globally, 80% of projects fail to meet either schedule or budget, and about 50% of such failures are due to human factors. Conflict is inevitable between people working in crossfunctional project teams; further, task-oriented conflict is constructive and is needed to make progress. However, personoriented or Relationship Conflict can be destructive - arising from differences in beliefs, values, attitudes and communication styles. Relationship Conflict is found to cause counterproductive work behaviour and affect team cooperation, creativity, cohesion, learning, even mood & sleep, leading to schedule delays and budget increases, accounting for up to 27% of the variation in project performance. Several antecedent factors are identified, including team diversity, personality and leadership, with a focus on aspects of behaviour and processes which may be more amenable to control. Among the resolution approaches, the Project Management Institute's style-based proposals are studied, along with later developments which emphasise communication, mediation and negotiation of interests, rather than rights or power. Focussing on behaviour, both destructive and constructive, and the "hot buttons" to control, has been found to provide helpful tools to grow conflict resolution behaviours & skills, with the necessary organisational commitment. Actual studies of Relationship Conflict behaviour in project teams per se and its impact on performance are limited; particularly in the context of Indian infrastructure projects. A survey is envisaged to assess the current practices and improvement possibilities. The basis and method for conducting such a detailed study are described, with the objective of better management of the phenomenon, enhancing teamwork and improving project performances.


This paper investigates the link between institutional ownership and dividend policy. Utilizing a dividend payout model, which accounts for earnings trends and partial adjustments of dividends, a positive but marginally diminishing relation is found between institutional ownership and dividends. This result holds when ownership is retained through the use of control enhancing mechanisms such as vote-differentiation, instruments that induce investors to demand higher payout ratios. A positive effect with respect to earnings is also recognized.By studying a panel of 189 Swedish firms, the paper presents the first evidence for the relationship between dividend payout policy and ownership in a corporate governance system which is characterized by an extensive separation of ownership from control. Most studies on the relationship between ownership and dividends have been made on US or UK data, which do not account for this Continental-European governance attribute. The paper supplements the literature by examining a unique database of ultimate ownership which makes it possible to account for ownership continuously.


Abstract Eight tropical and sub‐tropical pasture and forage legumes were grown in pots of zinc deficient soil with varying additions of zinc chloride. Growth responses and the chemical composition of the plant tops and shoots were recorded, and from the latter, tentative critical concentrations of zinc were established and possible use of phosphorus‐zinc ratios were discussed. Species ranked in response to applied zinc in the order Desmodium intortum > Centrosema pubescens > Macroptilium atropurpureum > Neonotonia wightii > Vigna sinensis > Stylosanthes humilis > Lotononis bainesii > Medicago sativa. In the majority of species the relationship between dry matter yield of tops and zinc concentrations in plant tops showed a "Piper‐Steenbjerg Effect"1,2 which was associated with high concentrations of phosphorus in plant tissue, especially in plants displaying visual foliar symptoms of zinc deficiency. To overcome this problem in the diagnosis of zinc status of individual samples the authors recommend the us...


Anne Sexton (1928-1974) was a poet who began her career in her twenty-seventh year after establishing herself as a wife and mother in greater Boston. She was cursed with a lifelong obsession with suicide. She was in therapy with a psychiatrist three times a week for most of her life. Overtly, Anne Sexton's goal from the earliest days when her psychiatrist suggested that she write about her mental illness was to write in order to help others. He said "Don't kill yourself. Your poems might mean something to someone else some day" (Kevles). Her commitment to literature was a direct extension of this directive. She threw herself into the endeavor with enough force to win the Pulitzer Prize four years later. Anne Sexton was more introspective than most people and could be relied upon to ask the important and vital questions about life that most of us postpone. She was driven, fervent and concentrated. Anne Sexton was also conflicted about the desires to live or to die. She sought to become as concrete as she was able, through the creation of literary tropes, to convey the nebulous notion of depression. She also imagined a method of extending her life in this way, in the face of the desire to commit suicide, which involved, specifically, the formation of metaphor. Anne Sexton's depression was something she referred to with warmth. She indulged her self in a dialogue about its immediacy and connectedness to her personality. She had compassion for the self that was defenseless against it. Through the use of compressed language, making it elliptical and making it metaphorical, she made the affect of depression comprehensible and essential. Sexton's metaphors have a special power to express the inexpressible. Depression, seemingly only an affective state of mind, was described by Anne Sexton as a sensory experience that had a physical quality. Because depression presents itself in decidedly distinct forms to each person who experiences it, and because the term "depression" means something different to almost everyone who uses the word, it is particularly intriguing to observe how someone as verbally articulate as Anne Sexton describes the phenomenon. From the point when she started to write poetry she was able to directly translate her sensations and her ideas about depression into a form that could be shared by others. Consistently that form crystallized itself in metaphor creation. Because of the ease of the incorporation of metaphor to the mind of the reader she made expressing mental illness by this method seem almost easy. Anne Sexton deeply explored her mental illness which was driving her to suicidal despair. Some theorists posit that her mental illness began with the birth of her first child and was a lifelong extension of what began as postpartum depression. In order to achieve the identity that made her personality valuable and relevant to her Anne Sexton distanced herself from life. Immediately after her daughters were born she made two suicide attempts which forced her family to remove the children to the homes of their grandmothers for three years. She also began to write. Though not understanding that formulating an existential philosophy would have perhaps served her better she instead wanted to separate from life through her use of language and by attempting suicide. Clearly, her thinking was influenced by the moods of depression and mania that were first noted by her in-laws in the early years of her marriage (Sexton and Ames). Her biographer, Diane Middlebrook wrote, "Some of Sexton's poems depend on manic or despairing or ecstatic cascades of associations (The Furies, Oh Ye Tongues) that flow like an open spigot" (Middlebrook, "Parnassus, 1985"). Maxine Kumin explained in the forward of The Complete Poems that Sexton was manic during January and February of 1973. Kumin writes, "The poems were coming out at the rate of two, three, even four a day, the awesome pace terrified me. …


Most soils planted with vegetables nowadays have limited or deficient nutrients resulting to stunted growth and low yield. The application of inorganic fertilizer can provide some of the nutrients needed by the plants while foliar feeding is an effective method too for supplementing the micronutrient deficiencies. The coconut water has the potential as a growth enhancer and yield booster because it is rich with different nutrients, phytohormones, enzymes, and minerals. Moreover, it is locally available, free and abundant in the public market. Hence, the study was conducted 1) to evaluate the growth and yield of selected vegetables sprayed with different concentrations of coconut water, 2) to identify the most effective concentration of mature coconut water, and 3) to determine the cost and return analysis. The vegetables used in the study were the finger pepper, tomato, bittergourd, squash and bottlegourd and the treatments are as follows: 0 fertilizer + 0 coconut water (Control); Sprayed with 100% Concentration of Mature Coconut Water; Applied with 100% Recommended Rate (RR) Inorganic Fertilizer; Applied with 75% RR Inorganic Fertilizer + Sprayed with 25% Concentration of Mature Coconut Water; Applied with 75% RR Inorganic Fertilizer + Sprayed with 50% Concentration of Mature Coconut Water; Applied with 75% RR Inorganic Fertilizer + Sprayed with 75% Concentration of Mature Coconut Water; Applied with 75% RR Inorganic Fertilizer + Sprayed with 100% Concentration of Mature Coconut Water. All the vegetables (finger pepper, tomato, bittergourd and squash) applied with 75% RR inorganic fertilizer and sprayed with 50% concentration of mature coconut water produced the highest fruit yield, highest value of fruit yield, highest value of fruit yield increased over the control, and highest benefit cost ratio (BCR). Similarly, the bottlegourd plants applied with the same amount of inorganic fertilizer but sprayed with higher concentration of mature coconut water (75%) also produced the highest yield, highest value of fruit yield, highest value of fruit yield increase and BCR too.


In this paper, the shear-lag in a thin-walled cantilever pipe is discussed, utilizing the author's fundamental differential equation in a single displacement for a thin cylindrical shell. The results are compared with those obtained by the simple beam theory or modified beam theory.


Expanding utilization of portable electronics, including communication equipment and computers, requires very good packaging efficiency; more functions and higher performance must be incorporated into an ever-smaller housing. New components and substrates must be developed to meet the challenge because higher component density is an inevitable trend. It is extremely important to find low cost components and substrates, with better performance and reliability than that required from their predecessors. Furthermore, interconnection technologies should fulfil the requirements for high-density assembly. A tremendous amount of development work is still needed so that materials coping with increased user needs can be introduced in time for volume production of next generation products.


Summary overviews of crack use in the U.S. indicate that the lifetime prevalence of crack use for African-Americans is 2-3 times that of White-Americans. However, a recent study that used interview data from the 1988 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse (NHSDA) found no racial/ethnic differences, once neighborhood was held constant. In light of an observed increase in crack use among African-Americans since 1988, we set out to determine whether differences existed between race/ethnicities, using data from the 1990 NHSDA. Employing a post-stratification procedure, we found no overall differences in lifetime prevalence of crack use for African-Americans relative to White-Americans (RO = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.82-2.29) but found that Hispanic-Americans had lower odds than whites (RO = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.28 - 0.96). However, stratification by age group indicated that African-Americans 30-34 years old had significantly higher odds of lifetime crack use than White-Americans in the same age strata when neighborhood i...


Structural and optoelectronic properties of thin films of silicon-hydrogen binary alloy (Si:H) deposited from silane and argon mixture in a rf glow discharge plasma have been studied for different argon dilutions and rf powers. It has been observed that with low rf power density ( 30-70 mW/cm3) increase of argon dilution up to 95% reduces the microstructure in the films, as determined from IR absorption spectra. Simultaneously, increase in refractive index and decrease in ESR spin density have been observed. Above 95% argon dilution or with higher rf powers, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal a dominance of the columnar growth mechanism, and the optoelectronic properties of the films deteriorate. At 99% argon dilution, microcrystallites appear to form within columnar regions. Addition of a small amount of hydrogen to the silane-argon plasma improves the network significantly, which is manifested by the changes in the dark conductivities in the different rf power regimes.


In a large nation-wide probability sample of majority and minority groups in two countries (in Finland and Sweden), more positive intergroup attitudes were, as expected, associated with higher status, more intergroup contact and higher familiarity of contact partner. Supporting predictions, smaller numerical group size was associated with more negative intergroup attitudes only when amount of contact was controlled for. In addition, group size and group status interacted such that the high status majority and the low status minority held the most positive intergroup attitudes, and familiarity of contact partner had more positive effects on intergroup attitudes when the contact partner was typical of the outgroup. However, typicality of contact partner did not moderate the effect of contact on attitudes.


Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) are warehousing systems that use mechanised devices to accomplish the repetitive tasks of storing and retrieving parts in racks. Since these systems represent a significant investment and considerable operating costs, their use must be as efficient as possible. AS/RS performance is the result of the interaction of many complex and stochastic subsystems. This reality creates a need for robust and efficient evaluation models. This article complements previous surveys on AS/RS by focusing on the particular research question addressed by each work and the associated assumptions used for the various models designed for evaluating AS/RS. Dynamic models based on simulation dominate the most recent literature; however, static approaches based on travel-time modelling have strongly contributed to the study of AS/RS. This review includes dynamic – simulation-based – models, but considers also steady-state (travel-time-based) models. We believe that this review may be of great help to researchers and industrial users in their search for the best modelling approach for a specific problem.


: Plants of local cacao variety from Southern Bahia were evaluated in order to verify if there are different levels of resistance to witches' broom disease in the study population and if the evaluation of adult plants in the field is a good predictor of these resistance levels. The seedlings were maintained under greenhouse conditions and inoculated with the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. Evaluations of symptoms occurred 60 days after inoculation. In the field, the same genotypes were evaluated by counting the number of dry brooms per plant, per year, and assessing trunk diameter size. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and averages grouped by the Scott–Knott test, differentiated by Tukey's test and compared by Student's T test. The Scavina-6 and CCN51 clones as well as the Catongo variety were used as resistance, moderate resistance and susceptibility patterns, respectively. Twenty-eight percent of the genotypes were among the most resistant and the genotypes 4119 and 4033 were considered the most susceptible to the disease in both field and greenhouse evaluations. Field evaluation was promising as a predictor of resistance level. The selected materials presented good characteristics for witches' broom resistance, with different levels deserving special attention in the context of reducing the vulnerability of Brazilian cacao cultivation to the effects of the disease, especially in the cacao region of Bahia.


The article presents the authors' response to an article about their research study "Crowdsourcing As a Solution to Distant Search." Topics include the role of value capture in crowdsourcing theories; open source innovation strategies for business; and examples in which crowdsourcing increased a firm's organizational performance, problem solving capacity, and competitive advantage.


Address for correspondence: Fabienne Marcellin, INSERM U912/ ORS PACA, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, 13006 Marseille, France. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com To the Editor: The World Health Organization (WHO) experts recommend that first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens in low-resource settings be non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) based.1 At the end of 2007, 2,120,000 patients were receiving ART in subSaharan Africa.2 First-line combinations principally used in resource-limited countries include nevirapine-based (77% of cases) and efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens (17% of cases).3 EFV induces frequent but transitory neurological side effects, such as nightmares, dizziness, irritability, or concentration problems.4 The association between EFV and depression remains a matter of debate.4–7 Most studies on depression in patients receiving EFV have been conducted in high-income countries, and only one study reported the frequency of depressive symptoms in HIV-infected African patients receiving EFV.8 Here we report the frequency of depressive symptoms and their association with exposure to EFV in adults participating in a periodic ART trial in West Africa. The Trivacan ANRS 1269 randomized trial took place in Cote d'Ivoire between 2002 and 2007. The trial design and main results have been reported elsewhere.9 HIV-infected adults received 6 to 18 months of continuous ART, predominantly zidovudine plus lamivudine plus efavirenz, and were then randomized into three arms: continuous treatment (C-ART), 2-months-off/4-months-on periodic treatment (2/4-ART), and CD4-guided periodic treatment. In November 2005, the CD4-guided arm was prematurely stopped because of a higher morbidity rate than in the C-ART arm. In May 2006, a cross-sectional study of self-reported depressive symptoms was conducted among patients still being followed-up in the C-ART and 2/4-ART arms. Data about patients' feelings and behaviors over the previous 7 days were collected during face-to-face interviews using the multidimensional Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D).10 This scale enables the calculation of a global score ranging from 0 to 60. A score >16 is indicative of depression. The association between a CES-D score >16, treatment strategy (C-ART or 2/4-ART), and patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Among the 435 patients randomized to the C-ART (n = 110) and 2/4-ART arms (n = 325) of the trial, 392 were receiving EFV-based ART at randomization (C-ART, n = 94; 2/4-ART, n = 298). Of these patients, four died (C-ART 1, 1%; 2/4-ART 3, 1%) and six were lost to follow-up (C-ART 2, 2%; 2/4-ART 4, 1%) before May 2006. Of the 382 still being followed-up in May 2006, 342 (90%) participated in the present study (C-ART, n = 82, 2/4-ART, n = 260). At the time of the interview, the participants had been diagnosed HIV positive for a mean (SD) of 4.8 (2.9) years, had been treated with ART for 2.9 (0.3) years, and had been randomized in the Trivacan trial for 2.2 (0.4) years. Their mean age was 37.8 (7.8) years, 258 (75%) were women, 163 (48%) had an educational level lower or equal to primary school, and 247 (72%) were living in a couple. The latter were living with their partner for a mean (SD) of 5.7 (7.5) years. Only 129 (52%) of them had disclosed their seropositivity to their partner. Median last available CD4 count was 497 cells/ mm3 (interquartile range [IQR] 397–644) (all counts


The Inter-American System of Protection of Human Rights is composed of microsystems, like the freedom of expression, the right to information and the protection of privacy and of personal data, among others. These rights interrelate and form the standards of the Inter-American system, in accordance with the UN system, to develop these liberties, and to keep the constant balance of these rights in conflict. All of this enhanced by a dynamic and growing massiveness, like the internet and by a new paradigm in which the freedom of expression and the right to information is included: a postmodern society characterized by a "democratization" of connectivity, a multidirectional transmission of the information and a dichotomy between what is public or private. Freedom of expression is developed in both of its two dimensions: individual or collective. When we talk about its individual dimension, we mean the right of each person to express his ideas, thoughts and beliefs aiming at unidirectional, bidirectional or multidirectional communication. The collective or social dimension refers to the right of a person to receive any type of information, to know the thoughts, ideas and information of others and have free access to them. Both dimensions are equally important and are interdependent, thus it is important to protect them simultaneously. New communication technologies have altered the previous system, and the individual dimension of freedom of expression breaks into public debate on the democratization of internet access and its social dimension due to the feasibility a multidirectional communication impossible to conceive in any other technological paradigm entails. The protection scheme of freedom of expression of the Inter-American System is particularly strong as it specifically prohibits prior censorship and rules sanctions and very strict restrictions in relation to discrimination, advocacy of war, violence and hatred. This characteristic enriches the analysis of content regulation and the responsibility of internet intermediaries whenever honour, reputation and privacy are impaired. The applied standards and statements that nourish in the American Convention on Human Rights guarantee the reasonableness, appropriateness and proportionality of any measure assuring freedom of expression and human dignity.


In the margin of page 742 of the following article, a red arrow was left from the production process; it has no meaning with respect to the figure or figure legend:Arie J Hoogendijk, Sander H Diks, Maikel P Peppelenbosch, Tom van der Poll, and Catharina W Wieland. Kinase Activity Profiling of Gram-Negative Pneumonia. Mol. Med. 2011;17(7–8):741–7.


It is the primary goal of basic computer education to cultivate the computational thinking capability of students. The present paper puts forward how to achieve this goal via organizing class contents and teaching methods. The most important thing is learning practices, which can improve students' ability in computational thinking analysis and problem solving. As a result, the subject knowledge and the computational thinking ability promote each other, which is helpful to improve the ability of practice and innovation ultimately. This method has achieved good effect in actual teaching.


Medical image classifiers roles a crucial play in medical service and teaching tasks. But the classical approach obtained its ceiling on performance. Besides, from their use, much longer and more effort require spent on extracted and selected classifier features. The Deep Neural Network (DNN) is a developing Machine Learning (ML) approach which is verified their potential for distinct classifier tasks. Especially, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) leads to optimum outcomes on distinct image classifier tasks. But medical image databases can be hard for collecting as it requires several professional skills to categorize them. This study develops a new Hyperparameter Tuned Deep Learning Model for Healthcare Monitoring Systems (HPTDLM-HMS) in big data environment. The presented HPTDLM-HMS technique concentrates on the examination of medical images in the decision-making process. Initially, the presented HPTDLM-HMS technique derives features using EfficientNet model with Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) algorithm as hyperparameter tuner. At last, the classification of medical images takes place by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method. To handle big data, Hadoop MapReduce is utilized. The result analysis of the HPTDLM-HMS technique is tested on medical imaging dataset. The comprehensive study of the HPTDLM-HMS technique highlighted and gives recall value of 87.46% is higher when compared to its promising outcomes over other models.


An acoustical model for detecting the leak location in a buried gas pipeline has been developed. This model is divided into an experimental model for sound diagnosis, and a theoretical model for sound prediction, which is based on the transfer matrix method, representing the sound pressure and the volume velocity as state variables. The power spectrum is measured by attaching only one microphone to the closed end pipe. It has been shown that the response magnitude of acoustic pressure signals calculated by the acoustical model depends upon the thickness and diameter of a pinhole. The validity for the acoustical model has been verified through a comparison between the measured and calculated results.


Both seismic and blast loading are unpredictable and can produce large magnitude forces that may be difficult to accommodate in structural design. However there are important differences. Because earthquakes are always unpredictable, the only way to prevent damage and casualties is through structural engineering. Earthquakes also tend to engage the whole building by flexing it back and forth in repeated cyclic-type motion. Blast loads, in contrast, can be either accidental or deliberate, and so can be mitigated through nonengineering methods. Unlike an earthquake, a blast may affect a structure locally, and the impulse nature sometimes evokes a rather limited ductile response of reinforced concrete members. This paper presents a series of tables that compare the forces/loading, analysis, material behavior, structural response, design and detailing of reinforced concrete buildings subjected to earthquakes with those affected by blasts.


According to the principle of electric shovel and digging of the three major electric shovel,the Siemens 6RA70 all-digital devices and the PLC Siemens S7-300 were adopted to replace the original generators—motor unit electrical control system,the original DC motor power supply replaced by silicon controlled recifier supply,Siemens 6RA70 all-digital control system for precise control of the power shovel digging all the action.Excavator of operation,the system runs stable,comprehensive,energy-saving effect significantly.


Mathematics becomes an important subject in elementary school. Numbers are one part of school mathematics. Learning that links between concepts and what is close to students' minds makes it easy for students in the process of reaching concepts. This is CM based on local culture. This research used a 2x2 factorial design. The population is all elementary school students from the "Integrated Islamic Foundation" in Bengkulu City. Samples were taken by using an intact group technique. The total sample is 60 students. With the local culture-based CM learning for experimental class and conventional learning for control class, the research instrument is a test of the ability to understand the concept of numbers. It is a valid and reliable instrument. The data was analyzed using the ANCOVA statistical test. The results of this study are Fo (A) = 9.7289 with, df = (1, 57) and p-value = 0.090 <0.05, which means Ho is rejected. It is showed that there is a linear effect of the covariate (initial ability) to understand the concept between the students who follow the learning by using CM with a local cultural approach. Fo (B) = 4.8096, df (1, 57) and p-value = 0.016 <0.05. In this case, Ho was also rejected. Thus, it can be inferred that there is the influence of CM learning with a local cultural approach on the ability to understand number concepts. It can be concluded that the average score and comprehension of the number concept for students who were taught by using CM learning was higher than the students who were taught with conventional learning models. Finally, the mean score for students' ability to understand the number concepts among the students who were given local culture-based materials was higher than the students who were given the materials which are not based on local culture.


The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic starting in late 2019 had far-reaching consequences for businesses worldwide, including the renowned food and beverage enterprise Nestl?. This study explores the impact of the pandemic on Nestl?'s operations and supply chain, while also examining the company's response to the unprecedented challenges posed by the global health crisis. By adopting a proactive approach, Nestl? successfully navigated through the crisis, adapting its strategies, ensuring the safety of its employees, and addressing the changing consumer demands and market dynamics. This study aims to shed light on Nestl?'s resilience and adaptive measures, offering insights into the strategies employed by a prominent European food and beverage enterprise in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.


Objective To determine the chemical composition of tumeric oil and the cytotoxic and phagocytic effects on Nile tilapia's mononuclear cells (MN). Materials and Methods The essential oil was isolated from fresh rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn. using simultaneous steam-distillation. Chemical characterization of turmeric oil were analyzed using gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS). The turmeric dispersions was formulated by using 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% turmeric oil (v/v) in distilled water together with Tween20. Cytotoxic effect of six turmeric dispersions was tested on healthy Nile tilapia MN by XTT reduction assay. Fish feed pellets were added with 1, 3 and 6 of turmeric dispersions and experimental fish were feed for 4 weeks. The immunostimulating potential of turmeric oil in Nile tilapia was assessed by phagocytosis assay on MN using NBT reduction. Results The result demonstrated that the major compound of turmeric oil was betaturmerone (39.64%). The mild effect of turmeric oil induced Nile tilapia-isolated MN cytotoxicity was observed with 6 dispersion (39.24±1.59). The effect of turmeric oil on phagocytic activity of MN was showed in a concentration-dependent manner, the percentage of phagocytosis on MN of 1, 3 and 6 turmeric dispersions were 57.92±0.01, 49.18±0.01 and 25.90±0.03, respectively. Conclusion The present study revealed the potential use of turmeric oil dispersion as an alternative attractive immunostimulant for routine use in Nile tilapia, since using of antibiotic and chemical agents in food-fish production will be restricted in near future.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created challenges for nephrologists due to a surge in the number of critically ill patients with AKI requiring KRT. The combination of limited trained hemodialysis personnel, scarce continuous RRT (CRRT) supplies, and a high rate of CRRT circuit