This thesis aims at better understanding the identity construction of young adults who were educated into the Quebec English school system. It analyses the role education in a minority context has on youths identity pathways. More specifically, this thesis analyses youths identity pathways through their transition to university, through their transition to other geographic spaces (if they have experienced mobility) and through the way they react to the collective identities new Others use to label them. This thesis reveals that youth's identity construction mainly takes place according to two identity labels that seem to be opposing at the level of collective identities, at the level of Us and Them: that is "Francophone Québécois" and "English Canadian". This thesis views collective and personal identities as constructed during the interaction process and situates itself into the field of comprehensive sociology. This work aims at analyzing a specific case study: that is young adults who have been educated into English high schools in Quebec City. The total qualitative sample includes 33 individuals and semistructured interviews. Data have been analysed according to a theoretical framework where individuals construct their identity while cumulating different identity rationales that originate from a social structure situated in a sociohistorical context. This thesis aims at contributing to knowledge development into the research field pertaining to Quebec English-speaking communities, but also into the more general research field of linguistic minorities in Canada and education in a minority context. It also aims at contributing to knowledge development into the research field of higher education pathways. Three levels of data analysis can be found in this thesis. The first level intends to reconstitute the collective identity of the specific social world under study: that is the youths who have attended English high schools in Quebec. It demonstrates the existence of an anglophone "imagined community" in Quebec, a result that can be mainly explained by the way English school contributes to foster linguistic boundaries the "imagined community" constructing itself mainly through daily interactions with the Francophone majority out-group. This first level of analysis demonstrates that the ethnic boundaries originating from the Britanic Empire creation (i.e. between the British and French identity) continue to take place into the day-to-day interactions of the young adults we interviewed. The second level of analysis pertains to personal identity. It aims at answering the following question: how social actors manipulate the linguistic and ethnonational dichotomous boundaries between "Francophone Québécois" and "English Canadian" into their identity pathways? This chapter includes a classification of different identity pathways found in the sample. This classification analysis highlights two ways of perceiving the "Francophone Québécois" and "English Canadian" "imagined communities": one that is dichotomous and mutually exclusive and one that is plural where linguistic and ethnonational belongings can be cumulated. Finally, the last level of analysis constitutes the culmination of the typology analysis approach we have adopted. It suggests a typology where different rationales and identity processes are explained and analysed. This typology reveals that young adults construct their identity with the help of social structure's rationales and not with their own, subjective, real or internal identity. It also shows that overall the more young adults reduce their interactions with the Quebec "Anglophone community" and the more they interact into their new school or territorial environment, the more they increase their reference groups and the more they tend to free themselves from the dichotoumous perspective pertaining to the "Francophone Québécois" and "English Canadian" linguistic and ethnonational communities. This thesis also demonstrates that even if some students are transformed by new relations of otherness during their higher education pathways, it nevertheless shows that for the majority of respondents experiencing English school within the Francophone majority of Quebec city constitues a significant marker into their identity construction a marker from which they move closer or further during their lifecourse. Nevertheless, the young adults interviewed tend to free themselves from the linguistic and ethnonational dichotomy and to perceive belongings as cumulative mainly when they


The spiral torsion spring-based mechanical elastic energy storage (MEES) device presented previously with inherent characteristic of simultaneous variations of inertia and torque is disadvantage to be actuated by conventional control method. This study proposes an improved non-linear backstepping control scheme based on combination of recursive least squares (RLS) and differential evolution (DE) optimisation to regulate permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) at a very low speed and control MEES device effectively. For this presented control scheme, first, a single RLS method with forgetting factor is presented to simultaneously estimate the time-varying inertia and torque of MEES device. Second, on the basis of estimation results, an improved non-linear backstepping control algorithm considering parameter variations in derivation process is proposed to drive PMSM to operate at a very low speed. Finally, a self-adaptive parameter DE method is designed to optimise the several control parameters. The performance of the proposed methodology is verified through simulations and experiments.


China ' s reform and opening has brought about challenges facing ideological construction, and the con struction of the core value system often determines the main content and the key link of developing the advanced culture in our country. To construct China ' s core value system must involve the proper handling the relations be tween national character and general applicability as well as the advanced and universality through drawing upon the positive elements of various values and integrating them into the socialist core value system.


Deng Xiaoping made a great contribu tion to the development of Chinese socialist modernization by laying down the di rection of development.He pointed out that modernization not only should be base d on our national conditions,emancipation of the mind and seeking truth from fac ts,but also should be in view of the world,rely on reform and opening up to the outside world,and constantly developing social productivity.Chinese modernizatio n is a modernization of comprehensive and sustainable development.


Using the grinding method three novel ferrocenyldichalcones were obtained with the solid aldol condensation of aromatic aldehyde and diacetylferrocene in the presence of NaOH and K2CO3 mixed catalyst under solvent-free condition.These reactions were completed in 8-10min with ease and good yields.The method are of the advantages of short reaction time,no pollution to the environment,product easy separation and easy operation.


A transcription of the Gospel according to Matthew in Trinity College Dublin, TCD MS 56 (also known as Vetus Latina 28; Codex Usserianus secundus; the Garland of Howth; Ceathair-Leabhair)


List of Symbols. Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION. 1 1 Definition. 1 2 Types of Turbomachines. 1 3 Applications of Turbomachines. 1 4 Performance Characteristics. 1 5 Methods of Analysis. 1 6 Historical Evolution of Turbomachines. 1 7 Organization of the Book. References. Chapter 2: Dimensional Analysis . 2 1 Dimensions and Dimensional Homogeneity. 2 2 Buckingham Pi Theorem. 2 3 Other Nondimensional Parameters for Turbomachines. 2 4 Similarity Laws. References. Problems. Chapter 3: Energy Transfer In Turbomachines. 3 1 Review on Fluid Mechanics Related to Turbomachinery. 3 2 Energy in Flowing Fluids. 3 3 Euler Equations. 3 4 Equations for Axial Flow Machines. 3 5 Equations for Mixed and Radial Flow Machines. 3 6 Degree of Reaction. References. Problems. Chapter 4: Centrifugal Pumps. 4 1 Basic Construction and Classification. 4 2 Basic Working Principles. 4 3 Performance Characteristics. 4 4 Cavitation. 4 5 Performance Modifications. 4 6 Preliminary Design Procedure. 4 7 Pump Performance Tests. 4 8 Pumping Systems. 4 9 Pump Applications. 4 10 Pump Selections. References. Problems. Chapter 5: Axial Flow Pumps and Fans. 5 1 Introduction. 5 2 Flow over Isolated Airfoils. 5 3 Axial Flow Cascade. 5 4 Preliminary Design Procedure. 5 5 Three Dimensional Flow Effects Radial Equilibrium Requirement. 5 6 Fans Test. 5 7 Fans Application. 5 8 Fans and Systems. 5 9 Fans Selection. 5 10 Propellers. References. Problems. Chapter 6: Centrifugal Fans, Blowers and Compressors. 6 1 Classification. 6 2 Performance Parameters and Characteristics. 6 3 Change of Performance. 6 4 Polytropic Efficiency. 6 5 Preliminary Design of Centrifugal Fans. 6 6 Preliminary Design of Centrifugal Compressors. 6 7 Applications of Centrifugal Compressors. 6 8 Selection of Compressors. References. Problems. Chapter 7: Axial Flow Compressors. 7 1 Introduction. 7 2 Basic Theory. 7 3 Preliminary Design of Compressor Stage. 7 4 Determination of Stage Efficiency. 7 5 Effects of Compressibility and Shock Waves. 7 6 Axial Flow Compressor Performance. 7 7 Surge and Stall in Compressor and the Remedies. References. Problems. Chapter 8: Gas Turbines. 8 1 Introduction. 8 2 Thermodynamics of Axial Flow Turbine. 8 3 Degree of Reaction. 8 4 Preliminary Design Procedure for Turbine Stage. 8 5 Determination of Turbine Stage Efficiency. 8 6 Axial Flow Turbine Performance. 8 7 Compressor, Turbine Matching. 8 8 Radial Inflow Gas Turbine. 8 9 Thermodynamic Processes in Radial Inflow Gas Turbine. 8 10 Other Topics Related to Gas Turbine Engine. 8 11 Applications of Gas Turbine Engine. References. Problems. Chapter 9: Steam Turbines. 9 1 Introduction. 9 2 Velocity Compounded Stage. 9 3 Classification of Steam Turbines. 9 4 Steam Turbines Parameters and Performance. 9 5 Cogeneration and Combined Cycle Plants. References. Problems. Chapter 10: Hydraulic Turbines. 10 1 Introduction to Hydropower. 10 2 Types of Hydraulic Turbines. 10 3 Selection of Hydraulic Turbines. 10 4 Hydraulic Turbine Performance Characteristics. 10 5 Pelton Turbine. 10 6 Francis Turbine and Kaplan Turbine. References. Problems. Chapter 11: Wind Turbines. 11 1 Introduction to Wind Power. 11 2 Actuator Theory. 11 3 Types of Wind Turbines. 11 4 Wind Turbines Characteristics and Preliminary Design Analysis. 11 5 Variable Speed Performance of Wind Turbines. 11 6 Wind Turbine Applications. References. Problems. Appendix A: Review on Thermodynamics and Compressible Flow. A 1 Thermodynamic Properties. A 2 Thermodynamic Processes. A 3 Other Thermo Flow Properties. A 4 Adiabatic Efficiencies of Flow Components. A 5 Thermodynamic Cycles. A 6 Thermodynamic Cycles of Gas Turbine Engines. A 7 Rankine Cycles with Vapor. A 8 Compressible Flow through a Channel. A 9 Normal Shock Waves. A 10 Oblique Shock Waves. References. Problems. Appendix B: Airfoil Characteristics. B 1 Flow Over Objects. B 2 Airfoil Geometry. B 3 NACA Airfoil Specification. References. Appendix C: CFD Applications to Turbomachines Design and Flow Analysis. Appendix D: Conversion Factors & Some Constants. Appendix E: Thermodynamic Properties of Air and Water at STP. Appendix F Internal Diameter of Standard Pipe of Schedule 40. Appendix G Compressibility Chart.


The direct Kugel Patch method is a minimally invasive but nonlaparoscopic preperitoneal method of hernia repair which has various ideal characteristics including all the benefits of laparoscopic hernia repair without the risks of complications. In this retrospective study, we report our experience with this method for adult inguinal hernia repair. Forty-four hernias, including 35 indirect, 7 direct inguinal hernias, and 1 recurrent indirect inguinal hernia, in 41 patients were surgically repaired using the direct Kugel patch method. The average operation time was 45.6 ± 11.3 min, and the average hospitalization time was 6.2 ± 5.0 days. There were 5 complications of seroma and only 1 recurrence of hernia which were successfully managed. We concluded that the direct Kugel patch method provides an ideal approach to adult inguinal hernia repair with short operation time and hospital stay and a very low risk of complications or recurrence. (J Nippon Med Sch 2008; 75: 28―31)


The main reasons for the application to international financial reporting standards are to increase the volume of foreign investment in the domestic market, to provide investors with the necessary information environment, and to expand access to international markets. The Resolution No4611 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted on joint-stock companies, commercial banks, insurance companies, and large taxpayers that operating in our country to organize their accounting system in accordance with IFRS requirements from 1 January 2021 and to prepare their financial reporting based on IFRS from ending of 2021. Based on this resolution, a study was carried out to determine the rights and obligations under contracts with customers, merger and amendment of contracts based on the criteria of Phase 1 of the 5-step revenue recognition model in IFRS 15 when recognizing operating income in construction companies. The results of the study show that IFRS 15 provides an appropriate basis for measuring rights and obligations under contracts in recognizing revenue. The application of these criteria ensures that the terms of the contract are constantly monitored. Requirements for the combining of contracts on the basis of IFRS 15 in construction companies operating in our country will lead to significant changes in practice in the construction industry.


The aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction was studied using NMR for the first time.On the base of substituents effects on the benzene,the orientation effect and reactivity was analysised quantitatively.This method may mostly predict the aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.


6 Aim 7 Introduction 8 Chapter 1 From the Notion of 'Emptiness' to Visual Absence 10 1.1 The Philosophical Idea of Emptiness 1.2 Relevant Research on Cross-Cultural Context 1.3 Project Location and Philosophical Approaches Chapter 2 Methods and Processes 23 2.1 Design Approaches 2.2 Transformation Processes 2.3 Visual Manifestation 2.4 Media & Materials Chapter 3 Commentary on Visual Documents 39


The utility model discloses a multifunctional solar energy garbage bin which comprises a casing and a solar panel arranged on the upper end surface of the casing; two moveable inner boxes are arranged in the casing, and universal wheels are arranged at the bottoms of the inner boxes; a storage battery is arranged on the rear side of the upper end surface of the casing; a control module is mounted on the storage battery; two garbage entrances, which are corresponding to the inner boxes respectively, are formed on the front side of the casing; an inductor is arranged on one side of each garbage entrance; an illuminating lamp box is arranged at the upper part of the front side of the casing; and an electric screen is arranged on the top surface of the interior of the casing. Through the adoption of the garbage bin, at night, the control module can switch on the illuminating lamp box, so that people can conveniently put garbage in the garbage bin; and the two inner boxes are arranged in the casing to facilitate the removing of the garbage.


The large electrical motor was analyzed,including its hot and cold startup mode,starting characteristics and relay protection status,puts forward to a new protection scheme on electrical motor startup and distinguish method for electrical motor hot-start.Through this method of abrupt voltage and electric current square integration cooperating with starting time-out protection,we can avoid damaging electrical motor due to failure to hot-start by distinguish whether electrical motor hot-startup success or not.This protection scheme has been successfully applied to protection set and effectively improve the delicacy and reliability of electrical motor relay protection.


False eyewitness testimonies are a problem that affects the lives of many defendants. One of the causes of false testimonies is memory conformity. When one witness discusses his or her memory for a past event with another, that information can distort the memories of other witnesses. The present study examined the effects of gender and group size on memory conformity using a videotaped crime scene. Men (n=31) and women (n=30) separately watched two different versions of the same crime scene. Participants were either in a pair consisting of a man and a woman or in a group of men and women. They discussed the scene and filled out a questionnaire detailing the crime scene. Men showed more memory conformity than women when discussion was in groups, but not in pairs. These results are contrary to findings that women conform more than men in traditional conformity studies.


Abstract Closely spaced measurements of diameter of thermally drilled bore holes reveal a pattern of small variations. These patterns serve to igerntify points on the bore-hole wall; thus the change in length of sections of bore hole can be gertermined as a function of time. This method has been used to measure vertical strain-rate as a function of gerpth in two bore holes near the crest of the Devon Island ice cap. The measured strain-rate, corrected for firn compaction, varies significantly with gerpth. The vertical component of velocity at the surface was gertermined freom the contraction rate of a bore hole that penetrated to the base of the ice. Comparison of this velocity with the present accumulation rate suggests that the ice cap, in the vicinity of the bore hole, is thickening slightly at present. The age of the ice at various gerpths, as calculated freom the measured vertical velocities, is in broad agreement with radio-carbon dates covering the past 6 000 years. This suggests that the flow of the ice cap has not varied significantly over this period, and thus that the present accumulation rate, which is causing thickening, is slightly above the average for the period.


This study deals with compiling thesaurus in use for information retrieval. In compiling thesaurus by means of manual system, there are given four categories of collecting vocabularies, selecting keywords, defining correlation of keywords and compiling them. In compiling thesaurus by means of computers, (1) in order to select keywords from words collection automatically, occurance-frepuency, distribution and importance factors of the words have been fully considered; (2) in order to process relations of keywords. co-occurence has been taken into consideration; (3) in order to define hierachical aspects of keyword, associative matrix [C] between literature and keywords had been obtained, and from which associative matrix [S] among keywords has been obtained, and finally the extent of factors of [S] has been taken into consideration: (4) with regard to synonyms of keywords, relative coefficient between keywords has been derived according to the list of the relative coeffiicient, a relative profile has been fixed, and finally this profile has been applied to the linear associative information retrieval system.


This paper reports results from the monitoring part of a recent UK Department of Health funded project
investigating carbon monoxide (CO) levels in homes during the winter of 2002/2003. In all, 56 homes were
monitored for carbon monoxide in 3 cities across the UK.
The homes were selected as part of the UK government Warm Front evaluation programme (aimed at reducing fuel
poverty) and might be expected to have a higher incidence of problem gas appliances emitting higher than average
amounts of CO than the general population. However the ventilation rate of these homes might also be expected to
be higher.
Measurements of CO were taken at 15-minute intervals in a representative location in the main living area of each
home. Thirteen or 23% of the homes were found to exceed the WHO guideline values for ambient CO
concentrations.
In each home that exceeded the guidelines an assessment of source concentration of each appliance was made by
an expert gas engineer, it was found that old, poor quality gas appliances caused a large proportion of exceedances
seen.


This chapter analyses how home- based work and home workers were treated in specific nationwide business censuses in Sweden and Finland, especially in regard to the garment industry . This chapter attempts to study how the business censuses of 1931 and 1951 for Sweden, and of 1953 and 1964 for Finland, collected, defined, categorized, and reported data on home- based work and home workers.1


The width and depth of national research on the service supply chain have continually extended since 2003.This paper carried a research review of all domestic service supply chain for 10 years from CNKI database by using bibliometric methods and demonstrated comprehensively the domestic research survey and the research subject of service supply chain.Notablely,the newest research advances in service supply chain and the following research direction were pointed out.


If the cut-out is magnified by a factor M and the sector is of normal dimensions, then the apparent value of h i.e. h' = hiM. This gives a method for examining dosage distributions for h' < I em. Where M < I then h' > 1. In this way, by reduction of the scale of the model, dosage distributions may be examined for h' > 1. In practice this method is rarely employed as such a reduction of scale leads to inaccuracy in the cutting of the model. The interesting point about this reduction procedure is that it affords visible evidence of the fact that at large distances any distribution of needles may be regarded as a point source without serious error. The most practically satisfactory method is to make a set of sectors of scale S = I, 1.25, 1.33, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 ... 9, 10. Such sectors will give the dosage distribution at distance h' from the line of the needle, where h' = SIM, when a cut-out of magnification M is used.


Consumers have access to ever increasing numbers of mobile apps providing health, fitness and wellness information. Many consumers might assume that entering personal information, and especially personal health information, to gain access to the information would be very protected. That assumption needs to be reconsidered in light of excellent reports recently issued by the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse (PRC).


A proposal is made of an attempt to control the coherence condition of illumination by ultrasonic waves. A progressive ultrasonic wave acts to change the spatial coherence factor periodically in a Raman - Nath regime. Some improvements are performed in a problem of two-point resolution as well as in a speckle removal with a phase-modulated laser beam. A randomly frequency-modulated ultrasonic wave allows us to obtain a decreasing coherence factor.


human cortexSelectivity for the configural cues that identify the gender, ethnicity, and identity of faces inMinna Ng, Vivian M. Ciaramitaro, Stuart Anstis, Geoffrey M. Boynton, and Ione Fine doi:10.1073/pnas.0605358104 PNAS published online Dec 12, 2006; This information is current as of December 2006.


An automated system of analysis utilizing a photoelectric colorimeter as a means of measurement has been used in the clinical laboratory for several years.l Recently a flame photometer has replaced the colorimeter for the measurement of sodium and potassium.2 An extension of this system to include other established laboratory measuring instruments seemed desirable. This communication describes the incorporation into this system of a fluorometer as a means of quantification. The measurement of fluorescence offers the advantages of sensitivity and specificity over many visible photometric methods and should extend the already vast range of usefulness of the AutoAnalyzer. The measurement of serum magnesium was chosen for initial experimentation because of an increasing interest in this cation by several clinical investigators and the availability of a relatively simple fluorometric method for adaptation to this automated systeme3 Schachter's3 method is based upon the observation that ethanolic solutions of magnesium 8-hydroryquinoline exhibit a characteristic fluorescence when activated by light of 420 mp. Serum is added to such ethanolic solutions and the resulting mixture shaken and centrifuged. The clear supernatant solution is decanted and the fluorescence at 530 m p determined when activating at 420 mp. Over a certain range the fluorescence of magnesium 8-hydroxyquinoline increases with a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration, and the fluorescence of calcium 8-hydroxyquinoline does not. This permits correction for fluorescence owing to the presence of calcium. The present automated procedure differs in certain respects from Schachter's original method. Important differences are that serum is dialyzed and the analysis performed on a dialyzate, and calcium is prevented from producing significant fluorescence by the addition to the system of potassium oxalate. The AutoAnalyzer sampler. proportioning pump, and dialyzcr are used in conjunction with the G . K. Turner Associates Model 111 fluorometer. A regulated power supply is used as R reference source for the recorder, and proper connections were made to allow the fluorometer readings to be


This tutorial aims to provide an in-depth look into process, integration and design methods for 3D ICs. As first, an overview of 3D stacked ICs, and their physical design challenges with respect to conventional 2D circuits will be provided, followed by an in-depth look into the power and thermal integrity challenges and solutions [1-12]. More specifically, design challenges related to power, signal and clock distribution will be covered and also present some of the current solutions. Secondly, an overview of physical design challenges for monolithic 3D integration will be provided, and the differences with respect to 3D stacked ICs. The focus will be on power delivery for monolithic 3D ICs [13-14]. The tutorial will conclude with current challenges and future directions for 3D physical design.


In 2018, a natural disaster occurred in Palu, Central Sulawesi which caused losses both in the number of victims and damage to infrastructure. Natural disasters that occurred in the city of Palu occurred in three types of disasters, namely, earthquakes, tsunamis and liquefaction. The TNI as a form of implementing OMSP TNI, is responsible for being involved in disaster management efforts, together with BNPB. One of the implementing elements of the TNI in carrying out natural disaster management operations is the PRCPB TNI. However, there are still several things that need to be optimized and coordinated from the synergy between the two institutions, namely optimizing the synergy with other ministries/agencies and agencies, the composition of the troops, and the limited facilities and infrastructure. The theory used in analyzing these problems is the theory of synergy, theory of disaster management, role theory, theory of state defense and theory of TNI involvement in Disaster Management. With descriptive qualitative research method, research data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Based on the results of the study, the disaster that hit Palu city and several other areas of Central Sulawesi showed that local government authorities also did not fully understand the flow and procedures for dealing with disasters quickly. When a disaster occurs, both the government and the community are not prepared. The government through the BNBP, BPBD, and TNI sent aid personnel in the context of disaster management in Palu City in 2018. In particular, the TNI through PRCPB, several units have sent troops to carry out humanitarian missions according to the mandate of Law Number 3 of 2002 concerning National Defense and Law Number 34 of 2004 about the Indonesian National Army. The synergy between the TNI and various parties from BNPB, BPBD, and the Regional Government in Palu City is going well. However, overlapping tasks in the field, sectoral egos still often occur. The synergy model between the TNI and BNPB is to establish a disaster center so that gaps and problems of command, cooperation, communication and coordination and other problems can be overcome.


Spatially separated relativistic exotic beams of all elements up to uranium can now be provided for experiments and applications. The projectile fragment separator FRS has proved as a versatile magnetic spectrometer for experiments with heavy ions in the energy range of (0.1 - 2) A - GeV. Recent studies of peripheral nuclear collisions with projectiles from oxygen up to uranium at relativistic energies with the FRS are discussed. The identification of {sup 100}Sn and the observation of a proton halo in {sup 8}B are very recent results. Furthermore, it was discovered that projectile fission is a unique tool to search for the doubly-magic {sup 78}Ni nucleus. With the FRS in combination with the dipole magnet ALADIN, and the neutron detector LAND light halo nuclei have been studied in kinematically complete experiments. The FRS combined with the storage and cooler ring ESR offers new precision experiments. First results on direct mass measurements with cooled Ni and Au fragments and decay studies of highly-charged nuclei have been obtained.


Hermeneutic approach in pedagogy refers to two following areas: to methodology of research and to theory of education. Hermeneutics denied the objectivity of knowledge in the humanities. Actually the purpose of hermeneutic pedagogy is not the search for evidence supporting the objective notions, but the search for legitimate interpretations in the sphere of educational reality. The aim of this paper is to define the foundational methods of such legitimization. Statements proper for hermeneutic pedagogy are not objective in the positivistic sense; they should have the virtue of intersubjectivity and be open to verification. Methods of legitimization ought to embrace various understandings of educational reality in the form of cultural text and social behavior. The other field of hermeneutic research in pedagogy is the hermeneutic theory of education. It is focused on the category of understanding as the ground of education. In this case the pedagogy's aim is to balance the subjectivism rooted in the ontology of understanding. It may be achieved through the emphasis laid on intersubjectivity of understanding, both in its dialogical and communicative aspects.


Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is the primary lining in many urban constructions including tunnels. The thickness of the tunnel segmental lining blocks is highly precise: within ±1 mm of the nominated thickness [1]. In tunnels, the deeper layers are backfill material and surrounding ground. For structural integrity it is important that the inner layer is correctly embedded. The integrity of the layers can be explored non-destructively using a ground penetrating radar (GPR). The images produced by a GPR device are called radargrams, and are typically interpreted manually. The goal of this research is to analyse radargrams automatically and provide confidence in integrity of these layers. For this purpose it is first required to accurately determine extrados of the first layer of the tunnel lining built using SFRC. We perform this analysis using three thicknesses of concrete segmental blocks.


Hexavalent chromium is usually produced by an industrial process. Cr(VI) is known to cause cancer. Cr(VI) compounds may be used as pigments in dyes, paints, inks, and plastics. It also may be used as an anticorrosive agent added to paints, primers, and other surface coatings. Adsorption is economically feasible alternative of chromium removal. We have used spectrophotometric method for monitoring of hexavalent chromium adsorption from aqueous solution with the use of red mud as adsorbent. We have monitored the influence of temperature and surface treatment on the adsorption process. Keywords— red mud adsorption chromium


Abstract Analysis of inorganic ions such as sodium or chloride in pharmaceutical compounds has traditionally employed ion-chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection. A new quantitative method for the determination of sodium in LY293111 sodium, a novel LTB4 receptor antagonist, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) is discussed. The separation of sodium from other ions and interferences was achieved using a Zorbax 300 SCX cation-exchange column suitable for use with organic solvents. Acceptable levels of precision, linearity, recovery, selectivity and limit of detection were achieved during the validation of the method. The results of this method were within 99.8% agreement when compared to the theoretical amount of sodium in LY293111 sodium. HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection offers a practical alternative to IC using conductivity detection in pharmaceutical compounds.


As garment workers, longshoremen, autoworkers, sharecroppers and clerks took to the streets, striking and organizing unions in the midst of the Depression, artists, writers and filmmakers joined the insurgent social movement by creating a cultural front. Disney cartoonists walked picket lines, and Billie Holiday sand 'Strange Fruit' at the left-wing cabaret, Cafe Society. Duke Ellington produced a radical musical, Jump for Joy, New York garment workers staged the legendary Broadway revue Pins and Needles, and Orson Welles and his Mercury players took their labor operas and anti-fascist Shakespeare to Hollywood and made Citizen Kane. A major reassessment of US cultural history, The Cultural Front is a vivid mural of this extraordinary upheaval which reshaped American culture in the twentieth century.


A series of para-substituted, halogenated (F, Cl, Br, and I) benzoic acid monolayers were prepared on the native oxide of aluminum surfaces by solution self-assembly and spin-coating techniques. The monolayers were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angles. Several general trends are apparent. First, the polarity of the solvent is critical to monolayer formation. Protic polar solvents produced low coverage monolayers; in contrast, nonpolar solvents produced higher coverage monolayers. Second, solution deposition yields a higher surface coverage than spin coating. Third, the thickness of the monolayers determined from XPS suggests the plane of the aromatic ring is perpendicular to the surface with the carboxylate functional group most likely binding in a bidentate chelating geometry. Fourth, the saturation coverage (∼2.7 × 1014 molecules cm−2) is independent of the para-substituent.


The functions of the valve spring in engine are discussed, and its optimal design is carried out. Through the analysis of the designing variables, target functions and related constraints, which are important in the optimal design, the mathematical model in the valve spring's optimal design is set up with an actual example.


This paper investigates the problem of pricing strategies in a two-echelon supply chain with conspicuous consumers. We develop a two-period pricing model for the supply chain which is consisted of one manufacturer and one retailer who involve in trading a single product. The manufacturer being a Stackelberg leader, decides the wholesale price, the retailer acts as a follower and sets the selling price. As a leader, the manufacturer has two pricing options: (1) sets a common wholesale price for the entire selling season; (2) sets two different wholesale prices for the two selling periods respectively. Based on the manufacturer's pricing options, we develop four pricing cases considering the effect of conspicuous consumption and compare the equilibrium outcomes. In addition, we study the impacts of the main parameters on the equilibrium results under different cases in the numerical study and obtain some managerial insights.


We show that the observed high temperature and inhomogeneous structure of the solar corona, as well as the long-term spatial and temporal evolution of coronal features, is economically explained by in situ heating of the coronal plasma via anomalous current dissipation. The basic geometrical structure is a loop configuration heated by nearly field-aligned currents occupying a small fraction of the total loop volume. Energy is transferred from the turbulent convective zone and photosphere, where ..beta..> or approx. =1, into the low-..beta.. corona via the magnetic fields which link the two regimes. The coronal currents are generated initially by relaxation of emerging magnetic flux to the nearly force-free configuration, and subsequent quasi-steady deposition of energy is achieved via induction processes arising from the continual transfer of azimuthal flux to the corona and from direct generation of electric fields along the flux tube by subphotospheric changes in flux linkage. Laboratory experiments show that the current filamentation necessary for this model can occur if the effective resistivity and radiative losses are strongly temperature dependent, as is the case in the solar corona. As a result, local temperature increases lead, via a regenerative process, to further temperature enhancement; the relative ineffectiveness of cross-field thermalmore » trnasport leads to well-localized channels of current flow.« less


The specific aims of this project concerned three general areas: (1) studies on the contractile function of single skinned fibers designed to determine the time course and cellular basis of the Hindlimb Suspension (HS) induced increase in fiber Vo (maximal shortening velocity), and the decrease in peak tension (Po); (2) studies designed to understand the effect of HS on single fiber substrate utilization during contractile activity, and how if at all such changes contribute to the increased muscle fatigue associated with HS; and (3) studies evaluating the effectiveness of standing and ladder climbing as countermeasures to the deleterious effects of HS. We have constructed all of the necessary equipment, and are currently conducting preliminary studies on T-tubular charge movement. A list of publications from this contract is included at the end of this report. The three objectives are (1) Functional Studies on the Single Skinned Fiber; (2) Fiber Substrate Utilization and Muscle Fatugue with Contracting Activity and (3) Exercise Countermeasures.


The application of high pressure jet grouting pile to the project of water stop curtain in the pit of rainwater (sewage) pump station for the industrical land of science and technics of Yixianyuan, Tianjin was introduced in the paper. The effect of construction was inspected after excavation.


This paper is part of a wider study into model-based control of an anaerobic digester with off-line parameter estimation using batch or sequencing batch experiments. This paper considers parameter estimation and identifiability from off-line batch experiments. A parameter identifiability study based on ethanol degradation is presented; it was found that a maximum of five parameters can be determined when gas flow rate and pH are measured in a laboratory-scale batch experiment in which brewery sludge was fed with ethanol. The identifiable parameters were the ethanol dose, carbon dioxide mass transfer coefficient, any one parameter concerned with the acetate degradation, any one parameter related to the ethanol degradation and any parameter linked to dissolved hydrogen usage. The influence of including and excluding pH data on the parameter estimation was investigated and it was found that inclusion of pH data gave more precise parameter estimates (smaller confidence limits) on the estimated parameters, but did not influence the number of parameters that were identifiable.


Abstract During the period of 21–25 June 1991, a mei-yu front, observed by the post–Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment, produced heavy precipitation along the western side of the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan. Several oceanic mesoscale convective systems were also generated in an area extending from Taiwan to Hong Kong. Numerical experiments using the Penn State–NCAR MM5 mesoscale model were used to understand the intensification of the low-level jet (LLJ). These processes include thermal wind adjustment and convective, inertial, and conditional symmetric instabilities. Three particular circulations are important in the development of the mei-yu front. First, there is a northward branch of the circulation that develops across the upper-level jet and is mainly caused by the thermal wind adjustment as air parcels enter an upper-level jet streak. The upper-level divergence associated with this branch of the circulation triggers convection. Second, the southward branch of the circulation, with its rising mot...


The thermal neutron capture cross section of 129 I Long Lived Fission Product is determined from chopped cold neutron beam experiments preformed at the PGAA facilities of the Institute of Isotopes. The new experimental value is more precise than the earlier values and is in agreement with recent results of Nakamura et al. and fits well to the differential cross section measurements of Noguere et al. A detailed description of the analysis is given.


Competency within the firm is essential for the firm and for executing service delivery to the consumer. Without an adequate internal competency, the brand's reputation can suffer from a lack of set standards in executing the service provided to the customer. Building an internal competency provides set guidelines and actions for the firm to utilize by keeping internal employees on the same page for customer service encounters. Consistency within the firm ideally will result in creating identical and satisfactory encounters with consumers, who want a company that will fulfill their needs without feeling as though they have been taken advantage of. Monopoly situations in the market enable the firm to charge and conduct business in any way it chooses, since the consumer has little or no other option(s). This case focuses on Comcast Cable Company and its business practices in providing a service to their customers. By analyzing Comcasti¦s current business state, we are able to conduct scenarios for improving their internal competency ideally in an effort to improve their customer relationships and brand reputation.


There can be no argument that the word Futurism (Futurists, Futuristic) appeared in Russia after my first manifesto was printed in Figaro and reprinted by the most important newspapers throughout the world and, of course, by Russian newspapers and journals.—F. T. MarinettiThe Russian Gazette 31 December 19131


Incorporation of growth factors in polymeric drug delivery systems serves to maintain its bioactivity and long-term sustained release. With the development of controlled release techniques from simple mixing growth factors with carrier materials to controlled release microspheres, this kind of delivery formulations gain their extensive application. The present review focused on the application of biodegradable delivery systems of growth factors in treating neurodegeneration diseases.


A method for creation of a new-style mosaic image, called tile-overlapping mosaic image, for the purpose of information hiding is proposed. Each tileoverlapping mosaic image is created by varying the overlapping degrees of the adjacent rectangular constructing units tile images. A secret binary data stream is embedded into a cover tile-overlapping mosaic image by utilizing the overlapping degrees of adjacent tile images. And data recovery is accomplished by detecting the overlapping degree of every pair of adjacent tile images in the resulting stego-image. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method.


A perfect quantum state transfer(QST) has been shown in an engineered spin chain with "always-on interaction". Here, we consider a more realistic problem for such a protocol, the quantum decoherence induced by a spatially distributed environment, which is universally modeled as a bath of harmonic oscillators. By making use of the irreducible tensor method in angular momentum theory, we investigate the effect of decoherence on the efficiency of QST for both cases at zero and finite temperatures. We not only show the generic exponential decay of QST efficiency as the number of sites increase, but also find some counterintuitive effect, the QST can be enhanced as temperature increase.


Author(s): Borba, John; Diaz, Claudia; Horowitz, Marcel; Iaccopucci, Anne; Klisch, Shannon; Lewis, Kendra; Soule, Katherine; Worker, Steven | Abstract: Yoga is a type of physical activity that combines movement with breathing and focused concentration. In this project, you will learn breathing exercises, •Reduced stress •Better concentration •Less depression and anxiety •Improved immune system This sheet outlines activity ideas at beginning, intermediate, and advanced levels of skill; also gives suggestions on how to tie the activity to STEM, healthy living, citizenship, and leadership goals.


Fe-based amorphous thin films of two compositions (Fe80B20 and Fe65.6Co9.4B25) were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering with and without applying an <italic>in situ</italic> magnetic field along the films' in-plane direction. In addition, films with varying thickness were deposited for each composition. Hysteresis loops and residual stress were measured and compared to study the effect of <italic>in situ</italic> fields on the magnetic and magnetostrictive behavior of the films. Results showed that <italic>in situ</italic> magnetic fields can lower the in-plane coercivity for the Fe80B20 films. Also, when the residual stress was below a certain level, its distribution in different directions shows a uniaxial feature due to the applied <italic>in situ</italic> field. This uniaxial distribution of stress adds an extra magnetoelastic anisotropy to the films. This paper provides insight for optimizing magnetic thin films' properties for applications where the magnetostriction is relevant, in terms of the <italic>in situ</italic> magnetic field, coercivity, and residual stress.


SERIAL NO.36 OCTOBER 2010 T.N. Rajarattinam Pillai (1898-1956) was a widely infl uential musician who is frequently described as the greatest nāgasvaram player ever lived. His popularity as a musician was so pervasive that his musical characteristics and predilections, as well as his appearance and extramusical tendencies, have been emulated by many musicians of his and succeeding generations. With his infl uence, many of the changes that he initiated (or is believed to have initiated) have become a norm in nāgasvaram music. In this brief essay, I will describe to what extent this extraordinary musician has been instrumental in bringing fundamental changes to a music genre of which he was part.


The crystallization of fluoroapatite is of importance because a number of biological systems makes use of this mineral in teeth (sharks) or for protection (molluscs). The crystallization of fluoroapatite was performed on titanium metal, on polymer (poly(ethylene-co-1,4-cyclohexane-dimethylene-terephthalate), PETG), and in a tubular reactor made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A special morphogenesis leading to a distinct dumbbell-like morphology was observed. The morphology was clearly dependent on the external parameters pH and supersaturation. Secondary parameters were the crystallization time, the ionic strength, and the stoichiometric ratios of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride. Dumbbells were only observed in the pH range of 5−7. Two different growth mechanisms for fluoroapatite at a pH of 5−6 and a pH of 6−7 are proposed, based on branching hexagonal prisms and on branching spikes, respectively. The presence of charged additives (cationic and anionic surfactants, poly(aspartic acid), polylysine) l...


Mechanically extracted maggots of Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) were evaluated against larva populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and Heliothis zea (Boddie) in whorl and early tassel-stage sweet corn, Zea mays L., grown within 1.8-m3 screened cages. A. marmoratus maggots applied in an aqueous carrier at 5.4, 10.9, and 21.7 per plant against late-instar S. frugiperda reduced subsequent adult emergence by 40.2, 56.6, and 66.5%, respectively. A. marmoratus maggots applied at 5.5, 12.5, and 25.0 per plant against late-instar H. zea reduced subsequent adult emergence by 56.0, 56.9, and 81.9%, respectively. Maggots applied on the soil surface at rates to 25 per 100 cm2 against larvae of S. frugiperda in search of pupation sites had no significant effect on the subsequent emergence of adult moths. Likewise, volumes of aqueous carrier at rates of 0.05–1.25 ml per plant had no effect on the performance of A. marmoratus maggots against H. zea larvae in corn.


The chrome pollution from cement industry was introduced briefly,the research on chrome free basic refractories for cement kilns was reviewed,the production technologies of magnesia calcia,magnesium aluminate spinel,magnesia hercynite refractories,etc. were specified,the principles to improve thermal shock resistance and coating adhesiveness of refractories were analyzed,the measures to extend service life by improving production equipment and service conditions of refractories were put forward,the future of chrome free refractories was expected and some developing suggestions were given.


Automotive industry is growing widely and rapidly by the involving of multi-fields not only mechanical engineering but also electrical and electronic engineering, material and more. As a key system in vehicles, suspension system and its control have been studied for a long time. A well-controlled suspension system provides high vehicle handling, good drivability and high comfort for passengers, and good isolation from road noise and vibration. To enhance comfort and handling of light-weight vehicles, semi-active suspension system is considered and proposed by numbers of papers. A semi-active suspension features small system space, low complexity and easy maintenance. Therefore, it is suitable for small compact car body known as light vehicles. This paper focuses on the analysis and control of a semi-active suspension for light-weight vehicles. Models of a quarter-car suspension with air spring and magneto rheological damper were built. Because components in the system involve nonlinear dynamic characteristics, a self-tuning Fuzzy logic controller was designed. Simulation results showed that the designed suspension system with its controller had good performance in vibration suppression.


Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) is an energy-efficient, electric transit system with four to six-person vehicles. Working as circulator for job centers, airports, and universities, PRT has a higher average speed than a car. PRT makes carpooling, light rail, commuter rail, and bus more effective, by solving the "last mile problem." The three established PRT manufacturers are 2getthere, ULTra PRT, and Vectus. 2getthere's system at Masdar City (Abu Dhabi) features 1.1 miles of guideway, five stations, and 13 vehicles. ULTra PRT's system at London Heathrow Airport has 2.4 miles of guideway, three stations, and 21 vehicles. 2getthere and ULTra PRT began passenger operation in late 2010. Vectus is implementing a six-mile, 40 vehicle system at Suncheon Bay, South Korea. The vendors co-operated to provide joint experiences, with emphasis on planning, designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining the infrastructure and systems. The projects have different characteristics, but also share commonalities.


ABSTRACT This article interrogates the mechanics of catastrophe narration. Rather than doing so through the examination of a celebrated historical or fictional catastrophe, it takes two responses to a catastrophe which did not, in the end, take place: the 1976 non-eruption of the volcano La Soufrière on Guadeloupe. The first is Werner Herzog's La Soufrière which, from an outsider's perspective, stages fascination and disappointment on behalf of a global audience. The second, Guadeloupian author Daniel Maximin's 1987 novel Soufrières, uses multiple narrative strands to represent the non-eruption, and thus unlock a longer history of local and global colonial and postcolonial violence. The fact that there was, in fact, no spectacular climax to the events of 1976 permits a focus on other, "slower" narratives which might have been obscured by clouds of gas and outpourings of lava.


On 15 April 2005, a female assistant at a private school in a wealthy area of Barcelona province was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis at the emergency department of a hospital.


The application of lean construction theory in building green substation was discussed. The study on integration of design-build indicated that the electric power design institute as the general contractor should change the mode of only setting up one secondary organization to manage the engineering, and should improve the management system and change the producing idea. The study on the combination of the last planner system and building the substation indicated that the measures of arranging the work and setting the workload reasonably and enhancing the supply of important resources etc. could increase the Percent Plan Complete of building the substation. At last, the 4-saving and 1-environmental protection measures of green construction of substation were brought out.


The adiabatic-nuclei theory of electron-molecule scattering is extended to account for electronic excitation of the target. The approximate expressions for the wave function and the scattering amplitude are derived from a formally exact expansion in terms of the fixed-nuclei, electronic-scattering solutions. The formalism treats molecular-bound and continuum states on an equal footing. We also propose a modified expression for the adiabatic-scattering amplitude which is expected to have an increased range of validity near excitation thresholds. (AIP)


Co-operative Banking has a special importance in th e developing countries like India, featured by the socio-economic inequality, unbalanced growth, dominance of agriculture, problem of poverty, prominence of rural economy and population, goal of socialistic pattern of society and social welfare maximization. Co- operative Banking is an effective and assured instrument on the said problems of the developing economies in general, and Indian eco nomy in particular, has been developed in India. Co- operative's account for a relatively small sha re in the bank dominated Indian financial system; however, given their geographic and demographic outreach, they hold a key position in the system. Geographically, co-operatives have been ins trumental in extending formal financial services to villages and small towns in India. Demographical ly, these institutions have enabled access to financial services to low and middle ‐ income group s in both rural and urban areas. The paper is organized as: 1) Introduction, 2) Structure of co-operative bank in India 3) Urban co-operative banks 4) A new rating method for judging the financial s trength of UCBs 5) Progress of urban co-operative banking 6) Financial performance of urban co-operative bank ing, 7) Conclusion.


A granulosa cell tumor occurring in the ovary and rarely in the testis. It is composed of granulosa cells in an often fibrothecomatous stroma. The neoplastic cells may form various patterns including the microfollicular, which is characterized by the presence of Call-Exner bodies, macrofollicular, insular, trabecular, and diffuse pattern. In females, it affects middle aged to post-menopausal women. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, hemoperitoneum, and ascites. Estrogenic and rarely androgenic manifestations may be present. The vast majority of cases present as stage I tumors; however, all tumors have a potential for aggressive clinical course. In males, it is reported in the age range of 16-76 years and the average age at presentation is 44 years. A minority of patients have gynecomastia. Metastases have been reported in a minority of patients.


Estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery management system (BMS) is vital for an electric vehicle (EV). Higher accuracy of SOC estimation increases the accuracy of the mileage calculation. When drivers view the remaining mileage based on SOC of the BMS, they can choose a convenient charging station to charge the EV; location of a suitable charging station is very important for an electrical vehicle. This paper introduces a dynamic optimization model based on mobile cloud and crowd-sensing data that collects the real time BMS of the EV; we present an immune algorithm for analysis and processing of these data to determine the locality of an optimal charging station. Simulation results show that this method is more efficient than the traditional model for charging stations.


Analysis of a confocal ring laser including thermal lensing effects in the active medium is presented. The relations for the stability criterion, beam magnification, and the positional shift in the beam minimum are derived in terms of the parameters of the resonator. It is suggested that by appropriately adjusting the separation between the confocal lens pair, the effects due to thermal lensing can be compensated.


In seventeen volumes, copublished with Baylor University, this acclaimed series features annotated texts of all of Robert Browning's known writing. The series encompasses autobiography as well as influences bearing on Browning's life and career and aspects of Victorian thought and culture.? With this seventeenth and final volume, The Complete Works of Robert Browning concludes the major phase of a great scholarly project: the accurate preservation and transmission of the poet's works for future generations of readers. Volume XVII begins with Browning's last collection of poems, Asolando: Fancies and Facts, published on the day of the poet's death, 12 December 1889. Wonderful in its diversity and intensity, Asolando contains lyrics of startling emotion, autobiographical narratives, and a few of the dramatic monologues for which Browning had become famed. Also in this final volume are ninety-nine fugitive pieces, either unpublished or uncollected during the poet's lifetime. Ranging from experimental poems of Browning's youth to Greek translations to joking couplets and witty ephemera, these works illustrate the endless variety of the poet's talent. Finally, Volume XVII includes "Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford," a biographical essay that Browning coauthored with John Forster in 1836. The historical research done for this work formed a basis for Strafford, a play Browning completed the following year. Comprehensive explanatory notes for the works in this volume are provided, as is a title index to all seventeen volumes of The Complete Works.


These two publications will help students anticipate the challenges they will encounter in their day-to-day roles as managers. Health Services Management: Readings and Commentary, 7th Edition, and Health Services Management: A Book of Cases, 6th Edition, are complementary texts designed to teach students the fundamentals of management—strategy, operations, and relations—and how to apply these skills on the job. These texts are organized into the same chapters, making it easy for students to apply the skills they learn in theReadings text to the situations they encounter in theCases text. Readings features some of today's senior health care scholars, and includes more than 60% of new material, giving students current information.Cases is accompanied by an instructor's manual to provide possible answers to the discussion questions posed for each case. This edition includes new cases that cover organizational design, quality control, and physician integration.


An object-oriented method is proposed.In this paper.Image is processed by segmentation to attain the image objects,so we can use not only the spectrum information but also the geometry and spatial characteristics of the residents.The results show the method works well.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze Yukichi Fukuzawa's thought on geography and geographic education.Various people learned geography via Fukuzawa's texts, which he wrote using Western books as a reference. We can find his many new techniques and ideas which were absorbed by these studious readers. For example "Sekai-Kunizukushi", was used as a textbook by the oldest public schools in the Meiji era. These contents are simplistic and basic. However, they developed Japanese people's knowledge of geography, especially children and women, in those days.Trying to consider him as an enlightenment philosopher, his basic thought toward geography and geographic education is "the theory of development stages of civilization". According to his opinion, Japan must achieve highest level of civilization in the future. He stressed to learn practical knowledge and sciences, including geography, as a subject everyone must learn in infant days, because they consist of basic knowledge.Fukuzawa also insisted on the importance of "independence", because this is the fundamental problem for his "theory of the development stage of civilization". We can understand them through the course of study of Keiogijuku. On the other hand, he didn't think of geography as a field of science to promote the civilization, but, (1) he understood geography as fundamental knowledge for everyone, (2) moreover his own knowledge of geography did not exceed elementary level, and finally (3) he didn't consider the geography as a study of humanities.


Arab women's breastfeeding practices, including exclusive breastfeeding, are shaped by cultural and religious values and beliefs. Many studies have investigated breastfeeding practices among Arab mothers in their home countries, but little is known about breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practices among Arab women in western countries. The purpose of this study was to assess breastfeeding practices, including exclusive breastfeeding, among Arab women living in the United States (U.S.). A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 90 Arab mothers recruited from Muslim community centers in southeastern Michigan. Arab mothers who were born out of the U.S., but gave birth in the U.S. and have at least one child aged 5 years and younger were eligible to participate in the study. The majority of mothers (87%) reported that they had breastfed their infants. However, only 15.6 % of infants were exclusively breastfed for six months. The early introduction of liquid supplementations by the majority of mothers in the study was also observed. About 41% of infants were given fluids other than breast milk before age of 3 months. The most common fluids given were water (59.7%), infant formula (58.3%), herbal drinks, such as Anise or Chamomile (38.9%) and juice (16.7%).The most frequent reasons for discontinuation of breastfeeding included perceived breast milk insufficiency (36.8%), breastfeeding was too tiring (22.1%) and baby continued to be hungry after feeding (19.1%). Findings from this study have the potential to help better understand Arab women's breastfeeding perceptions and practices to recognize cultural differences that would assist in promoting exclusive breastfeeding and develop effective communications strategies targeting Arab mothers.


Livestock productivity has remained low in sub-Saharan African countries compared to other places on the globe. The feeding component is the major limitation, in both quantity and quality. Among other inputs, feeding takes 55–70% of the costs involved. Livestock play a major role especially in smallholder mixed farms through provision of household nutrition and income through milk and meat. Equally, fertilization of cropland benefits from livestock manure, and livestock often act as insurance and savings by providing liquidity for unforeseen and urgent financial needs. Increasing livestock productivity would enhance the fore-mentioned benefits contributing to well-being and livelihoods. Toward this endeavor and with smallholder dairy farmers' participation, we undertook an evaluation of 10 selected forages from Urochloa Syn. Brachiaria and Megathyrsus syn. Panicum genus and compared them with Napier grass, i.e., Cenchrus purpureus Syn. Pennisetum purpureum commonly grown by farmers. For detailed and robust evaluation, we established the species in eight trial sites spread in four administrative counties in Western Kenya (Bungoma, Busia, Kakamega, and Siaya). In each site, the forages were established in plots in a randomized complete block design, replicated three times. Each site was linked to a group of farmers interested in dairy. For 2 years, dry matter production, plant height, and leaf-to-stem ratio was determined across all sites. Further, we guided farmers to generate participatory forage evaluation criteria, which they later administered across their respective forage demonstration sites individually on plot-by-plot basis to generate preference rating compared to what they normally grow—Napier grass. The results showed significant differences across the forage types within and between the sites. Cumulative dry matter yields ranged 13.7–49.9 t/ha over 10 harvestings across forage types and the counties, while values for crude protein were 1.85–6.23 t/ha and 110,222–375,988 MJ/ha for metabolizable energy. Farmer preferences emerged that highlighted forages with likely better chances of adoption with weighed scores ranging 5.5–7.6 against a scale of 1–9, across the counties. The observations provide additional and well-performing forage options for the farmers and possibly in similar production systems and ecologies. Awareness creation targeting livestock and dairy producers would be key, reaching, and informing them on alternative forage options, with potential to increase livestock productivity.


The growth status of Cana indica on floating culture bed was introduced,research progress of removal effect of Cana indica to nitrogen,phosphorus and COD,and purification effect of it to eutrophic water in different season were expounded.


This article sets out to describe the approach adopted by Keiji Nishitani, one of the most representative members of the Kyoto School, to the problem of the end of metaphysics and nihilism. Since it is no longer considered to be an exclusively Western phenomenon, Nishitani proposes establishing a dialogue between the cultures rooted in the Christian and Buddhist traditions. He focuses his attention on the notion of nothingness, not in the sense of the negation of being, but in the religious realisation of being as nothing.


A myocardial bridge (MB) has been associated with ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death during exercise. QT dispersion (QTd) is a measure of abnormal repolarization and may predict ventricular arrhythmia. We investigated the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias during exercise and the QTd at rest and after exercise, in patients with an MB compared to a normal cohort.


354 (MT) in patients with emergent large ‐vessel oc‐ clusion (ELVO) who meet criteria for the inter‐ vention, irrespective of whether thrombolysis has been administered or not.1,2 The MT number needed to treat to significantly reduce disability is only 2.6.4 Presently, there is only one stroke MT center (comprehensive stroke center, CSC; defined by the guidelines as a center perform‐ ing a full range of interventional neuroradiolo‐ gy services, in most cases with on‐site neurosur‐ gery) listed to cover the MT needs in the country area of 3.4 million inhabitants (province; Polish: województwo). Transportation from the index hospital to the CSC lasts about 1.5 hours. Cardiologist on call was requested to deter‐ mine whether the patient was fit for transporta‐ tion to the CSC. The patient had nonspecific ST ‐T wave changes on electrocardiogram (including a high‐rise J point), which were interpreted by the consulting cardiologist on call as most like‐ ly secondary to the ongoing stroke, not requir‐ ing any urgent coronary status evaluation. As the onsite MT was not allowed, the patient was cleared for an immediate transfer to the CSC for an emergent MT as a first‐line treatment. The patient was first accepted for MT at the CSC and an immediate transport arrangement was triggered, but a few minutes later the CSC team decision was communicated to reject the pa‐ tient because of "the detrimental effect of trans‐ port time on the MT treatment window" (ditto). Follow ‐up CT showed evolution of the MCA in‐ farct (FIGURE 1B). No acute coronary syndrome occurred. Two weeks later, the patient, severely disabled, was transferred to a stroke rehabilitation center. On a Sunday night (9.40 PM), a 69‐year ‐old man with an up to 4‐hour history of left ‐sided hemi‐ paresis was brought by ambulance to the emer‐ gency department of a large regional hospital. The patient was last seen well by his son at 6.00 PM, as he was walking to his room to take a nap. The patient woke up just before 9.00 PM and alarmed the family due to hemiparesis. They immediately called the emergency number 112. Emergency medical services came without delay, as the patient's house is about 15 minutes drive away from the hospital. The hospital to which the patient was ad‐ mitted provides stroke service to a popula‐ tion of about 500 000 individuals and is one of the country leaders in stroke thrombolysis. Ten days before, the patient had undergone surgery for a trapped (incarcerated) hernia; otherwise, he had been active and well, with no known stroke risk factors. The patient's National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 21. Plain computed to‐ mography (CT) excluded intracranial bleed‐ ing and showed early infarct signs in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (FIGURE 1A). The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was 8, suggesting salvageable ce‐ rebral tissue.1 Computed tomography angiog‐ raphy showed the occlusion of the M1 segment of the right MCA, with a rich collateral supply (FIGURE 1D–1F) and no other extra‐ or intracranial vessel pathology. Thrombolysis was not admin‐ istered due to the recent surgery. Currently, there is level 1A (class IA) evidence for routine use of mechanical thrombectomy Correspondence to: Prof. Piotr Musiałek, MD, DPhil, FESC, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, ul. Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Kraków, Poland, phone: +48 12 614 22 87, email: email@example.com Received: April 1, 2020. Revision accepted: April 17, 2020. Published online: April 24, 2020. Kardiol Pol. 2020; 78 (4): 354-356 doi:10.33963/KP.15303 Copyright by the Author(s), 2020 C L I N I C A L V I G N E T T E


This work Completion of course aimed to investigate the applications of leisure-recreational activities in the educational process. At first, we analyze the importance of these games for students according to the literature through studies and research related to thematic play, play, play and recreational activities. The following work has to carry out a field survey which sought to identify the teachers' view E. M. E. I. E. F. Paulo Freire of Buritis RO on this matter. Finally the conclusions related to the activities concerning the school curriculum and its development, impediments and needs. This study may examine the relevance of educational games in physical education classes and his multidisciplinary action in view of the teachers surveyed.


1 The hearts of anaesthetized, artificially ventilated rats were exposed, and the left coronary artery occluded. The diastolic threshold voltage for stimulation (DTV), the duration of the bipolar electrogram (DBE) and the functional refractory period (FRP) of the ischaemic area were measured at minute intervals for an hour after occlusion. 2 Coronary occlusion caused a rise in DTV, a prolongation of the DBE and a biphasic change in the FRP, with an initial prolongation phase (1–4 min) followed by a decline to below pre‐occlusion values (5–15 min). 3 Episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) were most frequent during the period 5–15 min after the onset of occlusion of the coronary artery. This coincided with the period when FRP was minimal and the difference between DBE and FRP was maximal. 4 Pretreatment of rats with sulphinpyrazone (2.5–40 mg kg−1) or indomethacin (5–20 mg kg−1) protected against the episodes of coronary occlusion‐induced VT and against the associated decline in FRP of the ischaemic muscle. Sulphinpyrazone was more effective than indomethacin in this respect and a combination of the two drugs was approximately as effective as sulphinpyrazone alone. 5 It was concluded that sulphinpyrazone protects rats against coronary occlusion‐induced episodes of VT by reducing the risk of ventricular action potential re‐entry. This effect is probably due to protection against the ischaemia‐induced shortening of the myocardial FRP.


An unforgettable adventure story of two journeys, one hundred years apart, into the untravelled heart of Burma. Part travelogue, part history, part reportage, The Trouser People is an enormously appealing and vivid account of Sir George Scott, the unsung Victorian adventurer who hacked, bullied and charmed his way through uncharted jungle to help establish British colonial rule in Burma. Born in Scotland in 1851, Scott was a die-hard imperialist with a fondness for gargantuan pith helmets and a bluffness of expression that bordered on the Pythonesque. But, as Andrew Marshall discovered, he was also a writer and photographer of rare sensibility. He spent a lifetime documenting the tribes who lived in Burma's vast wilderness and is the author of The Burman , published in 1882 and still in print today. He also not only mapped the lawless frontiers of this "geographical nowhere" - the British Empire's eastern-most land border with China - but he widened the imperial goalposts in another way: he introduced football to Burma, where today it is a national obsession. Inspired by Scott's unpublished diaries, Andrew Marshall retraces the explorer's intrepid footsteps from the moldering colonial splendor of Rangoon to the fabled royal capital of Mandalay. In the process he discovers modern Burma, a hermit nation misruled by a brutal military dictatorship, its soldiers, like the British colonialists before them, nicknamed "the trouser people" by the country's sarong-wearing civilians. Wonderfully observed, mordantly funny, and skillfully recounted, 'The Trouser People' is an offbeat and thrilling journey through Britain's lost heritage and a powerful expose of Burma's modern tragedy.


A theory of collective oscillations in a system of spin waves parametrically excited by homogeneous parallel pumping in a finite‐size ferromagnetic sample is developed. This theory is an extension of the well‐known S theory of spin‐wave collective oscillations in an infinite ferromagnetic medium for the case when the boundary conditions in a magnetic sample of finite size D are taken into account. We explain the following experimentally observed properties of spin‐wave auto‐oscillations that were not explained by the existing models of this phenomenon. (i) The difference between the threshold of parametric excitation of spin waves hth and the threshold of auto‐oscillations hosc. (ii) The finite value of the auto‐oscillation frequency fosc at the threshold of auto‐oscillations. (iii) The dependences of the threshold hosc and the frequency fosc of the spin‐wave auto‐oscillations on the size of the ferromagnetic sample. The results of the theory are in a good qualitative agreement with experimental results.


Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique is one of the most effective strategies for an electric machines. It aims to provide a decoupled control of torque and flux via a simple command structure. The aim of this paper is the study of the problems that can affect the operation of the speed loop for Induction Motor Open-End Winding (IM-OEW) through failures, especially broken bars fault, its impact on the control and operation of the motor. This paper presents a comparative study of the most powerful speed controllers for motor: proportional plus integral (PI) controller and a fuzzy logic (FL) controller. The awaited goal is to evaluate the speed controller is capable to improve the performance of the machine under faulty conditions. The obtained results proved the effectiveness of the DTC strategy with a fast dynamic, better load disturbances rejection and better tracking performance without overshoot when the FL speed controller employed, which ensures robust speed control under broken bars fault.


This paper is based on the design of practice course.refers to the course setting,the enterprise requirements,the software develops and the flow of enterprise management,in order to improving competition ability when applying for a job.At the same time,this course management student according to the process of software development,practice the team cooperation and independent development ability.


Research was undertaken to assess the benefits of controlled traffic for irrigated row cropping in a semi-arid tropical environment. The research was carried out on a cracking clay soil, in a region where the climate and the availability of irrigation water make it possible to grow two crops per year. Controlled traffic, combined with stubble retention and direct drilling, improved the timeliness of field operations, thereby improving the probability of successful double cropping. Energy use was reduced, crop yield was unaffected, and there were slight trends of improvement in soil structure over the three year duration of the research.


The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for the utilization of theenvironmentally-friendly and economically outstanding CSG (cemented sand andgravel) construction method, which includes the physical and mechanical properties of CSG materials, such as the unconfined compressive strength, themicroscopic structure and the freezing and thawing resistance given the volume and curing time of the CGS and the size of the specimen. In this study, specimens with four different cement contents of 4, 6, 8 and 10% of the total weight and three different sizes of φ50×100 mm, φ100×200 mm and φ150×300 mm were prepared to examine the characteristics of the sizes of the specimens and the features including the compressive strength, microscopic structure, freezing- thawingresistance and degree of wet-dry resistance. The results show that the larger the size of the specimen and the greater the content of cement in the specimen, the higher the compressive strength, freezing-thawing resistance, and wet-dry resistance. Moreover, the reactive products for each size of specimen wereexamined, and it was observed that some typical needle structured ettringite was generated due to the blending of cement through microscopic structural analysis,such as SEM and EDS analyses.

 Key words: Cemented sand and gravel, unconfined compressive strength, freezing and thawing, SEM, micro structure.


They say that it's better to give than to receive - not a concept that's foremost on the minds of companies that are accustomed to placing their needs (in most cases financial in nature) above all else and unfortunately at a price society usually will have to pay at some point in the future.


We present a method for development of instructions for teaching component based development of enterprise application. The method considers development of an enterprise application as a complex task that has to be taught as a whole. The requirements to the user access and to the back-end systems serve as a natural means for the choice of the leaning tasks. We have fixed the back-end system and separated the task classes based on the requirements to the user access: a web-browser and an application client. Inside of each of those task classes the requirements are decomposed into "create", "retrieve", "update" and "remove" groups of functionality. Each of these functionalities can be seen as a simple enterprise application. Each of functionalities can be of different level of complexity and may be implemented with local and remote clients and different types of components. The Java enterprise component technology is used for implementation of learning tasks.


Two prominent facts emerge from data on U.S. presidential and congressional elections. First, often people vote a split-ticket, that is, they vote for different parties' candidates for President and for Congress. Second, many citizens do not go to vote and, after going to vote, some decide to vote in one election but not in the other (typically more people vote for President than for Congress). This paper addresses two main questions: (1) To what extent is split-ticket voting the natural result of individuals who vote in each election according to their immediate policy preferences? In particular, what is the proportion of citizens who vote ''sincerely'' versus ''strategically''? (2) Can we simultaneously account for the patterns of abstention and voting observed in the data? To answer these questions, we propose and estimate, using individual-level data on voting choices in presidential and congressional elections from 1972 to 2000, a unified model of turnout and voting with asymmetric information. Our main findings are as follows. While a majority of citizens behave ''sincerely'', a significant proportion of citizens behave ''strategically''. Split-ticket voting is not only generated by strategic behavior but also by sincere behavior. In contrast to the implications of the ''balancing theories'', we find that a big portion of split-ticket behavior comes from extreme voters and that those middle-of-the-road voters that split their ticket do so as a result of voting according to their policy preferences in each election separately without any need for balancing purposes. We use the estimated model to conduct counterfactual experiments to assess the effect of sincere behavior, information, and abstention on electoral outcomes and the insurgency of divided governments.


Relatively little empirical research has been conducted on hate crimes. An issue that has previously remained almost entirely unexplored is what factors are likely to influence jurors' guilt determinations in hate crime cases. This article describes a mockjuror study that was conducted with 190 participants. Participants were given a hate crime vignette in which the ethnicity of the victim and offender were varied. Contrary to the original hypotheses, it was found that at least with this particular vignette, the offender's and victim's ethnicity did not usually affect the juror decisions. Furthermore, participants' level of racism was not related to their decisions on the juror task. The implications of the results are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research in this area.


CTP synthase (CTPS) catalyzes the conversion of UTP to CTP and is a target for the development of antiviral, anticancer, antiprotozoal, and immunosuppressive agents. Exposure of cell lines to the antineoplastic cytidine analogue gemcitabine causes depletion of intracellular CTP levels, but the direct inhibition of CTPS by its metabolite gemcitabine‐5′‐triphosphate (dF‐dCTP) has not been demonstrated. We show that dF‐dCTP is a potent competitive inhibitor of Escherichia coli CTPS with respect to UTP [Ki=(3.0±0.1) μm], and that its binding affinity exceeds that of CTP ≈75‐fold. Site‐directed mutagenesis studies indicated that Glu149 is an important binding determinant for both CTP and dF‐dCTP. Comparison of the binding affinities of the 5′‐triphosphates of 2′‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxycytidine and 2′‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyarabinocytidine revealed that the 2′‐F‐arabino group contributes markedly to the strong binding of dF‐dCTP. Geminal 2′‐F substitution on UTP (dF‐dUTP) did not result in an increase in binding affinity with CTPS. Remarkably, CTPS catalyzed the conversion of dF‐dUTP into dF‐dCTP, thus suggesting that dF‐dCTP might be regenerated in vivo from its catabolite dF‐dUTP.


This study aims to examine what factors affect the scalability and performance of a distributed TensorFlow program. We created a TensorFlow cluster consisting of 3 Raspberry Pi 3 model Bs functioning as workers and one Dell XPS 13 (9350) acting as a parameter server. We benchmarked the performance of our cluster for different sizes and compositions of the TensorFlow graph and for different network configurations between the computers in the cluster. From the results we conclude that both of the previously mentioned factors impact the performance of our distributed TensorFlow program.


Quantification of the dependence characteristics in hydrological time series is essential for understanding hydrological variability and for managing water resources. However, how determining a suitable model for describing the dependent components is still a challenge. In this article, we proposed a correlation coefficient‐based information criterion (CCIC) to determine the optimal model order of regression‐based models for quantifying the dependence characteristics in hydrological time series. CCIC was developed by combining the index of correlation coefficient and the information entropy index. The former was used to reflect the fitting error of the model and the latter was used as a penalty term to reflect the model uncertainty. They have similar roles as the two terms of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) used commonly in hydrology. Results of Monte‐Carlo experiments verified higher and more stable accuracy of determining the true model order by CCIC than by AIC and BIC. Moreover, results indicated that the mean value of a time series had a big impact on the accuracy of CCIC. If the mean value of a time series was far from its initial value, the estimation of CCIC would have a big bias, causing low accuracy in the determination of suitable model order. The application of CCIC to annual precipitation from 520 stations in China further confirmed its advantages over AIC and BIC and indicated the significant short‐term dependence characteristics of annual precipitation in the Yangtze River basin. The proposed CCIC approach has potential for wider use in hydrometeorology.


Initial resistances of the area electrode-electrode and component-component at resistance spot welding have been designed by different techniques by example of components of zirconium alloy E110. The obtained results are characterized by the wide range of values which is mainly conditioned by the design methods difference, divergence of the published values of physico-mechanical properties of materials as well as the change of components contact area at electrode wearing. All the design values obtained by various methods differ considerably from the experimental ones that confirms the necessity of measuring at development of welding conditions.


We present theory and data for the valence-band structure for lattice-matched, strained, symmetrically- and asymmetrically-doped quantum wells (QW's). Our self-consistent k{sm bullet}p calculation using a plane-wave basis (PWB) yields accurate results and can be applied to arbitrary potential profiles. The PWB is convenient for shallow as well as type 2 QW's (with the light-hole QW inverted due to strain). Excellent agreement is obtained between the theoretical dispersion curves and the data. 6 refs., 3 figs.


This thesis analyzed the flouting maxim used by the main character in magic hour movie. The writer used Grice's theory to analyze the flouting maxim in this study to conduct the research. Flouting maxims is people deliberate cease to obey cooperative principle. There are four kinds of flouting maxims; they are flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of quantity, flouting maxim of relevant and flouting maxim of manner. The writer chooses to analyze flouting maxim because this phenomenon is happened in around her. Therefore the writer discusses about what the types of flouting maxims used by the main character in magic hour movie and what are the purposes of flouting maxim used by the main character in magic hour movie. The writer analyses flouting maxim to help the readers to improve the accuracy of language communication especially when they flouted. Based on the reasons above, this research used the descriptive analysis to describe the data use Grice theory. Magic hour is the data source and the sentence and utterance are the data which the writer has transcribed from the movie magic hour. In addition, the writer kind all the types of flouting maxim used by the main character. In this research the writer found 21 flouted maxim. They are 2 flouted maxim of quality, 5 flouted maxim of quantity, 12 flouted maxim of relevant and 2 flouted maxim of manner. There are some purposes why the main character used the flouting maxim. They are to hiding something, to give more explanation, to stressing something, to avoid talking about something, to change the conversation topic, to avoid the bad situation, to annoying, to get explanation and to be clear. Thus the writer concludes that the flouting maxims is important to make communication goes smooth. When people understand the deep meaning of what speaker say, misunderstanding will not occur in the end of conversation.


Rhododendron is well-known for its beauty and colorful corolla. Although some high-quality whole-genome sequencing of Rhododendron has been completed, there is lack of studies on long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons in Rhododendron, which limits our ability to elucidate the causes of genetic variations in Rhododendron species. The properties of the intact Rhododendron LTR retrotransposon were investigated at the genome-wide level. Based on the available data, the high-quality genomes from five species, i.e., R. griersonianum, R. simsii, R. henanense subsp. lingbaoense, R. mucronatum var. ripense and R. ovatum were selected as the identification targets with good assembly continuity. A total of 17,936 intact LTR retrotransposons were identified; they belong to the superfamilies Copia and Gypsy with 17 clades. The insertion time of these transposons was later than 120 million years ago, and the outbreak period was concentrated more recently than 30 million years ago. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that many LTR retrotransposons might originate from intraspecific duplication. The current evidences also suggests that most of the LTR retrotransposons were inserted in the interstitial part of the genes in R. griersonianum, R. simsii, R. henanense, and R. ovatum, and the functions of the inserted genes are mainly involved in starch metabolism and proteolysis etc. The effect of LTR retrotransposon on gene expression depends on its insertion site and activation. Highly expressed LTR retrotransposons tended to be younger. The activity of LTR retrotransposons may affect some stage-specific expression genes of flower development, such as leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase. The available results herein improve our knowledge of LTR retrotransposons in Rhododendron genomes and facilitate the further study of genetic variation and trait evolution in Rhododendron.


In view of the relationship between water pressure and flowrate of standard spray nozzles in the design of automatic fire-extinguishing sprinkle system,it discusses how to make design scheme not only economic but also reasonable by calculating and analyzing the example of pipe-diameter selection.


An energy formulation and solutions are presented for the analysis of plane anisotropic rectangular plates with various boundary condi tions. The formulation includes linear theory stability analysis, the calculation of natural frequencies and mode shapes, and analysis of displacement due to lateral loads. In-plane loadings are included in all of these formulations. The Ritz technique is used to find the minimum of energy expressions using a series expansion of beam mode shape functions. Several numerical and experimental results are presented and compared.


Aiming at the problem of "collapse" of the insulating materials(such as plastic film,paper,etc)when slit into the strips,a position tracking mechanism of arranging and rewinding slit strips basing on servo control technology is developed.It is designed according to the rewinding demand of the insulating slit strips.For the purpose of meeting the slit strips' specifical demand of arranging mode on the tube core,the AC servo control system is adopted to track at real time,and a special press roller device is developed to realize the real time track technology.The section level of the slit coil is guaranteed by controlling the traverse moving position precision of the slit strips.


Ni-based single crystal (SC) superalloys have been widely used to produce turbine blades of aero-engines, but under the action of centrifugal force, creep damage is still the main failure mode. In service, the blades experience multiple cycles of various conditions of high temperatures, low stresses and intermediate temperatures, high stresses, and due to effective and efficient means of cooling and insulating the blades during operation, the ac-tual temperature the blades bear can be smaller than the working temperature at the hot ends of aeroengines, so the systematical study on the creep behavior of SC superalloys at intermediate temperatures, high stresses is significant. It is generally considered that dislocations cutting g ′ phase is the main deformation mechanism of SC alloys at intermediate temperatures, high stresses, and dislocations cutting into g ′ phase can be decomposed into different configurations for different alloy systems, even under similar conditions. Moreover, large amount of dislocations cutting into g ′ phase means the degradation of creep performance of the alloys, so it is significant to study the cutting modes of dislocations. In this work, by means of creep tests, TEM observations and diffraction contrast analy-sis of dislocations, the deformation mechanisms of a Ni-based SC superalloy during steady-state creep at intermediate temperatures, high stresses are studied. Results show that, under the conditions of 760 ℃ , 760 MPa and 800 ℃ , 650 MPa, dislocations cutting into g ′ phase are decomposed to form partial dislocations plus superlattice intrinsic stacking faults (SISF). Thereinto, the leading a /3<112> super Shockley partial dislocations cut into g ′ precipitates, while the dragging a /6<112> Shockley partial dislocations remain at g ′ / g interfaces, and between them there exists SISF. Additionally, super dislocations shearing into g ′ phase can cross slip from {111} to {100} crystal planes to form Kear-Wilsdorf (K-W) locks with non-plane dislocation core structure, which can inhibit the slip and cross slip of dislocations to enhance the creep strength of the alloy. At 850 ℃ , 500 MPa, stacking faults disappear in the alloy, and some a <110> super dislocations cutting into g ′ rafts can be decomposed to form the configuration of two partial dislocations with Burgers vector of a /2<110> plus antiphase boundary (APB), and K-W locks are released for high-temperature thermal activation results in the cross slip of dislocations from cubic slip systems to octahe-dral ones.


THE PASSING OF TIME, which is a familiar experience to all of us as individuals, also represents an important frame of reference for the scholastic endeavors. Speculations concerning the nature of time have an ancient and honorable history in many areas of understanding, particularly in philosophy, physics, and the more mathematically oriented sciences. <italic>Time</italic> has been introduced as a fundamental descriptor of events, and has been considered in such forms as absolute and relative <italic>time,</italic> subjective and objective <italic>time,</italic> and intuitive <italic>time,</italic> to name only a few points of view. Until recent years, however, no serious concern seems to have been given to the possibility of a <italic>real</italic> and <italic>non-real</italic> conception of <italic>time.</italic>
 The purpose of this discussion will be to consider some of the more common views of <italic>real</italic> time, to indicate some of the difficulties involved in their application, and finally to suggest an approach to the problem of definition.


In recent years, reactions of inexpensive and easily available formamides, benzaldehydes and cycloalkanes with various coupling partners have made an impact in the field of cross dehydrogenative coupling. Even in the absence of a benzylic C–H site or a heteroatom at the α-position, these substrates react efficiently under oxidative conditions. This review article highlights recent advances in cross dehydrogenative coupling reactions for C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation with the above substrates.