PURPOSE
To develop and validate a prostate biopsy risk calculator for Black men and compare it with the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial version 2.0 (PCPT), Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group (PBCG), and Kaiser Permanente Prostate Cancer (Kaiser) Risk Calculators for the detection of Gleason Grade Group (GG) ≥2 prostate cancer (PCa).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We prospectively recruited 2 cohorts of men undergoing prostate biopsy from 5 facilities in Chicago. The first cohort was split into development (70%) and internal validation (30%) groups. The second was used for external validation. Iterative logistic regression was used to develop 3 models for predicting GG ≥ 2 PCa. Models were compared for discrimination using the c-statistics, calibration curves and net benefit curves. The frequency of unnecessary biopsies and missed PCas was compared at 10% and 30% risk thresholds.

RESULTS
The 2 cohorts included 393 and 292 Black men, respectively. Our first model, Mistry-Sun1, used serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prior negative biopsy. Mistry-Sun2 added abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE) and an interaction term with abnormal DRE and PSA to Mistry-Sun1. Mistry-Sun3 added prostate volume, abnormal DRE, and age to Mistry-Sun1. The c-statistics were 0.74, 0.74, and 0.78, respectively, and were similar to or higher than established calculators. At the 10% and 30% risk-thresholds our models had the fewest unnecessary biopsies and an appropriate proportion of missed GG ≥ 2 PCas.

CONCLUSION
Tailoring a risk calculator to detect clinically significant PCa in Black men may improve biopsy decision-making and outcomes compared to tools developed in non-Black populations.


Under weak conditions assumed on the kernels, appropriate Lp estimates for certain class of generalized Marcinkiewicz integrals over subvarieties are established. By the virtue of the obtained estimates along with Yano's extrapolation argument, the Lp boundedness of the aforementioned integral operators under weaker conditions on the kernels is proved. The results in this paper represent essential extensions and improvements of many known results on the generalized Marcinkiewicz over symmetric spaces.


This paper presents the progress of a PhD research on teacher training in ICT. It focuses on the Escuelas de Innovacion initiative, a program of teacher training in the educational use of ICT depends on the Argentine Conectar Igualdad program, Administracion Nacional de la Seguridad Social (ANSES). This has two distinguishing aspects that go beyond mere instrumental training. First formation arises taking the school as a subject of learning. Secondly it raises a formation located in the place which trained teachers will then act as replicators to their peers. In these pages you will find the characterization of this type of training, the first provisional results to understand its development and a first step of assessing allow conclusions from a pedagogical sense this initiative. Research is being carried out in a specific geographical area: La Matanza in Buenos Aires. The methodological approach is qualitative using techniques of ethnography and seeks to understand how to live the different actors involved throughout the process.


A novel scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is proposed for soccer target recognition application in a robot soccer game. First, the method of generating scale space is given, extreme points are detected. This gives the precise positioning of the extraction step and the SIFT feature points. Based on the gradient and direction of the feature point neighboring pixels, a description of the key points of the vector is generated. Finally, the matching method based on feature vectors is extracted from SIFT feature points and implemented on the image of the football in a soccer game. By employing the proposed SIFT algorithm for football and stadium key feature points extraction and matching, significant increase can be achieved in the robot soccer ability to identify and locate the football.


The article presents the results of experimental research the purpose of which was comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the bodyflex training in two groups of middle-aged women, the members' one of which used the isotonic poses in combination with breathing exercises and the other used the complex of the dynamic exercises. The presented results reflect the functional changes, power and anthropometric indices in groups.


Uninterrupted power system has already been widely used in many fields.The typical diagrams as well as the reliability of UPS are analyzed by comparison.


Let Δ be the Laplace operator on d and 1 < δ < 2. Using transference methods we show that, for max {q, q/(q – 1)} < 4d/(2d + 1 – δ), the maximal function for the Schrodinger group is in Lq, for f Lq with Δδ/2 f Lq. We obtain a similar result for the Airy group exp it Δ3/2. An abstract version of these results is obtained for bounded C0-groups eitL on subspaces of Lp spaces. Certain results extend to maximal functions defined for functions with values in U M D Banach spaces.


Objective To investigate the effects of newly synthesized 12 nortropane derivatives (MAC), related in structure to Baogongtang A, on muscarinic-recep tors in the guinea pig ileum. Methods Isolated lieal longitudinal lieal muscles of the guinea pigs were used to evaluate the antagonistic parameter (pD2) and efficacy (Emax) for muscarinic-receptors by the eumulative concentration-contraction curve method. Results The data showed that several compounds such as MAC-6, MAC-7, MAC-8, MAC-18 and MAC-19 could elicit potent contractions of the lieal muscles with pD2(6.59-8.77), and at the highest tested concentration produce 29%-57% maximum contraction fiom acetylcholine (ACh). This agonistic effect was blocked by atropine, a selesctive muscarinic-receptor antagonist. In contrast, MAC16 could antagonize ACh-indu ced contractions of the lieal muscles and behaved as competitive muscarinic antagonists with pA2 of 7.72. Conclusion The above nortropane derivatives possessed significant muscarinic-receptor agonistic or antagonistic activities with apparent structure-activity relationship.


In his important text Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil Katz (1988) provides a powerful phenomenological description of the experience of crime, which is ontologically situated within the social world from which it emerges. As such, the experience of crime is viewed as neither the exclusive psychological artifact of a self-enclosed and finished rational actor or as the epiphenomenal conclusion of a process of a structurally imposed determinism (Katz, 1988). From this perspective, the experience of crime emerges from its specific co-constituted encounter with the social world that both constructs and is constructed by this intertwining of self and the world.


Microfluidics-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation is achieved by using gelatin-coated silica microbeads conjugated to CTC-specific antibodies. Bead-binding selectively enlarges target cell size, providing efficient high-purity capture. CTCs captured can be further released non-invasively. This stratagem enables high-performance CTC isolation for subsequent studies.


With the further research on the correlative relationship between emotional factors and related diseases,in the field of andrology,a new conception"emotional infertilitas"was created in this thesis as a branch of research on andrology. This thesis aimed to explore the actual conception,pathologic mechanism,clinical diagnosis and multi-treatment about "emotional infertilitas".


An article of manufacture comprising machine-readable instructions which when executed cause carried out operations, wherein the operations comprise: determining whether to perform a maintenance operation wherein determining whether to perform the operation maintenance comprises determining whether a host device having a power source (1210) that satisfies a predetermined condition; identifying error information associated with a page of memory cells (121) in response to determining that must be conducted a maintenance operation; determine whether the error information satisfies a criterion of error; and in response to determining that the power source satisfies the predetermined condition, adjusting one or more resolution registers (166) corresponding to the page of memory cells (121) from a first resolution to a second resolution, defining each of the first and second resolution a plurality of voltage ranges, each range corresponding to a voltage value of possible data, wherein the first voltage ranges resolution more than the second resolution.


Objective To express the recombinant polymerized gene encoding human collagen type Ⅱ polypeptide 250-270(rhCⅡ250-270), so as to obtain the recombinant polypeptide with high-performance expression and convenient purification. Moreover, to explore its ability to stimulate T cells of PBMC and SFMC in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Using chemical synthesis and PCR techniques, constructing human CⅡ250-270 gene, adopting the preference codon in E.coli. Fusion protein expressed in pGEX-4T-1 was isolated and purified. The proliferative effect of human T cells in RA patients responses to rhCⅡ250-270(0.1, 1.0, 10, 100μg/ml) was evaluated by FACS. Results The relative molecular mass of expressed product was 43kD as predicted. The purity of purified fusion protein reached 89% as assessed by SDS-PAGE gel thin-layer scanning. It was shown by FACS that 100μg/ml was the optimal activation concentration, CD69 expression arrived at top level at the third day, CD69+ T cells of the PBMC and SFMC activated by rhCⅡ250-270 were (18.05%±4.34%, 25.17%±4.89%) respectively as well as synthesized CⅡ250-270 groups, which was significantly higher than those in the GST′s groups (1.02%±0.48%, 1.25%±0.23%). The express level of CD69 in SFMC is much higher than that in PBMC(P0.01). Conclusion rhCⅡ250-270 has the ability to activate the T cells of PBMC and SFMC from RA patients as well as synthesized CⅡ250-270. The high-level expression of rhCⅡ250-270 may provide a base land for further researching about the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. [


Objective To prove design rationality of percutaneous device with arch perforated flange.Methods Stress distribution of percutaneous device(PD)/soft tissue interface and jacent soft tissue of percutaneous devices with different structure were calculated and analyzed in physiological state of human body,and texture parameters of percutaneous device were optimized and analyzed.Results Percutaneous device with arch perforated flange can provide good mechanical circumstances for realization of biological seal and the design of net with 20mm pore diameter and 20mm pore interval demonstrated better mechanical characteristics.Conclusion Preliminary experiment shows design rationality of percutaneous device with arch perforated flange.


The remarkable photoelectric properties of elemental selenium form the basis for the major industrial application of this element in xerographic photoreceptors. The physics of the photoexcitation and electrical charge transport phenomena has been the subject of numerous investigations, but little is known about the molecular basis of the photoelectric effect. Since the element consists of linear sequences of selenium atoms, variously assembled into cyclic structures and polymer chains, it seemed of interest to investigate model polymers that contained organic residues interspersed between short selenium chains. Such species might then combine various desirable properties of selenium with those of organic polymers. In this paper we shall discuss some synthetic approaches used to generate a variety of aliphatic, benzylic and aromatic oligomers and polymers with the general formula (RSe2). , all designated as polydiselenides and characterized by having a selenium-selenium bond per monomer unit as an integral part of the backbone. The discussion of polymer properties will be restricted to data incidental to their structural identification.


THIS ARTICLE IS THE THIRD OF A SERIES OF "reminders" to the singing teacher community. World Voice Day is an established celebration in the United States and throughout the world; however, involvement still includes primarily otolaryngologists and speech-language pathologists. Although singing teachers have become more involved over the few years, they still are not at the forefront of this event that provides international recognition of the importance of the human voice. Happily, the National Association of Teachers of Singing (NATS) as an organization and individual singing teachers have became active in World Voice Day activities recently. Most of the singing teachers who were involved in past years have participated as members of vocal health care teams with laryngologists and speech pathologists. World Voice Day events and celebrations initiated and directed by singing teachers and singers remain routinely scarce, but the field has made progress. NATS members should be a primary creative inspiration for World Voice Day celebrations throughout the country.In April 1999, Brazilian otolaryngologists established National Voice Week. This event was inspired by data from the World Health Organization that showed a high rate of laryngeal cancer in Brazil. Colleagues around the world quickly recognized the value of this initiative. As a result, a variety of societies began collaborating, including the European Laryngological Association (www.elsoc.org), American Laryngological Association (ALA; www.alahns. org), The Voice Foundation (www.voicefoundation.org), American Broncho-Esophagological Association (www.abea.net), Turkish Professional Voice Association (www.professional-voice.org [in Turkish]), American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS; www.entnet.org), and others, as reviewed previously.'The AAO-HNS, Voice Foundation, ALA, and other organizations collaborated to celebrate the first "World Voice Day" in the United States on April 16,2003. This effort was coordinated with societies in numerous other countries. The World Voice Day tradition has continued and expanded. Additional information, with a history of World Voice Day, can be found at www.entnet.org/AboutUs/historyWorldVoiceDay.cfm.Annually, the April 16 celebration involves educational and media events throughout the world, as well as web-based educational initiatives that can be accessed through the AAO-HNS's special internet website at www.entnet. org/news/voiceday.cfm. Events vary from city to city and are organized by laryngologists, voice team members, and singing teachers who are committed to enhancing voice care through professional and public education. They are bound together by a commitment to expand public appreciation of and knowledge about the human voice, and to raise awareness about the importance of good vocal health and education.Singing teachers are uniquely positioned to champion such activities within their communities alone or, ideally, in collaboration with vocal health care professionals. Organizing such events and inviting laryngologists and speech-language pathologists to participate would not only provide valuable education to our communities and enhance awareness of the importance of the voice, but it also would offer opportunities for singing teachers to play pivotal roles in networking with other voice care professionals.World Voice Day celebration events throughout the world differ greatly. …


The proposal to confer on the President power to impose restrictions on the exportation from the United States, during the existence of war abroad, of certain commodities whenever in his judgment such restrictions would serve to promote the security or preserve the neutrality of the United States or protect the lives or commerce of American nationals has aroused a degree of opposition to the principle of executive discretion such as had not heretofore been known in this country. In a statement laid before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in January, 1936, a well known American authority on international law declared that such a proposal as that referred to above if adopted "would, constitute the worst form of dictatorship ever set up," that power of this kind if conferred on the President could be "used in unneutral ways that would make the United States in fact, even though not avowedly, a party to the war" and that it would be a "disreputable policy not in accord with any system of real legal neutrality." Another high authority not only expressed a similar opinion regarding the "unneutrality" of such a policy, but asserted that there was reason to believe that those who advocated it "do not desire neutrality at all" and that many of them wish "to put the United States behind Article 16 of the Covenant of the League of Nations to enforce peace." 2 While the writer of this note has little faith in the utility of embargoes as a means of enabling the country laying them to avoid being drawn into foreign wars, he is unable to share opinions such as those quoted above regarding the danger to the country of conferring on the President discretionary power such as that proposed. In his opinion there is little in the past history of the executive power in the United States to justify such fears as those expressed by the two distinguished jurists quoted aboveand by others who hold similar views. Congress has in fact on various occasions in the past conferred on the President full discretion in respect to the laying and lifting of embargoes and it has been exercised without involving the creation of a dictatorship or without embroiling the country in foreign wars. Sometimes the President has declined to exercise the power conferred, as President Wilson did in 1916, thus showing that he could be trusted not to abuse it or to use it unwisely.


-This paper proposes a novel four-quadrant vector controlled induction motor (IM) adjustable speed drive (ASD) system based on a recently proposed matrix converter topology called quasi-Z-source direct matrix converter (QZSDMC). The QZSDMC is formed by cascading the quasi-Z-source impedance network and the conventional direct matrix converter (DMC). The QZSDMC can provide buck-boost operation with voltage transfer ratio controlled by controlling the shoot-through duty ratio and bidirectional operation capability. The control strategy, which is based on the indirect field oriented control algorithm, is able to control the motor speed from zero to the rated value under full load condition during motoring and regenerating operation modes.


Twenty years have passed since "Self - respect, Self - esteem, Self - discipline, Self - improvement" was first put porward in the fifth All - China Women' s Conference convened in 1983. During this period, the contents and meanings of the "Four Haves"have increasingly got enriched and developed. The "Four Haves"——"have revolutionary ideals,sound morals,good education and a strong sense of discipline "and the "Four Selves"——"Self -
respect,Self- esteem,Self- discipline and Self- improvement"have become the life goal pursued by Chinese women, and integrated into the great national spirit,thus,the two Fours have gradually developed into an improving,vigorous theory,a component of socialist women's Chinese characteristics.Guided and encouraged by the theory,Chinese women are enthusiastically making great efforts to realize their own value.


Fe49Co33Ni18 nanowire arrays (175 nm in diameter and lengths ranging from 5 to 32μm) were fabricated into nanopores of hard-anodized aluminum oxide templates using pulsed ac electrodeposition technique. Hysteresis loop measurements indicated that increasing the length decreases coercivity and squareness values (from 274 Oe and 0.58 to200 Oe and 0.105, respectively), indicating the increase in magnetostatic interactions between the nanowires (NWs).On the other hand, first-order reversal curve measurements showed a linear correlation between the magnetostatic interactions and length of NWs. It was also found that with increasing length, the domain structure of NWs changed from single-domain to pseudo single-domain state. A multidomain-like behavior is also seen for the longest NWs length.Increasing the length of NWs resulted in an increase inthe interaction and decrease in the array coercive field(H ୡ ) as beingsmaller than that of individual NWs (H ୡ ).The observed CFD component in the FORC diagrams of FeCoNi NWs with shorter lengths was a consequence ofnon-uniform length distributions.


This review discusses how three decades of research, including crucial recent advances, are providing an increasingly clear picture of the molecular mechanism of calcium-triggered neurotransmitter release. The SNAREs syntaxin-1, SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin form a tight complex that plays a critical role in fusing the synaptic vesicle and plasma membranes by bringing them together. Assembly of this complex is organized by Munc18-1 and Munc13s, while NSF and SNAPs disassemble the complex. Synaptotagmin-1 acts as the major calcium sensor that triggers release, accelerating membrane fusion together with the SNAREs and complexins. A key remaining challenge is to understand the actual mechanism of membrane fusion.


An investigation was carried out to study the effect antitranspirants on leaf water status and growth pattern of mulberry under two levels of irrigation during the year 1999–2001. Leaf moisture content was observed highest in control under normal irrigated plants while in limited irrigation BX-112 had the maximum followed by CCC. Control had the lowest moisture content. CCC and BX-112 increased the relative water content of mulberry leaves at both the irrigation levels. CCC and BX-112 enhanced total dry matter accumulation particularly in limited irrigation. CCC application augmented the leaf area index. CCC and BX-112 showed the capacity to increase CGR and NAR in terms of growth rate and assimilation under low soil moisture condition.


In recent years there is a small but increasing number of articles presenting and/or analyzing the scientific production from discrete geographical regions on a certain scientific topic. These articles applied the so-called bibliometric methods in order to evaluate the contribution of different countries in a scientific research field. In the present work, the research output of all countries in Southeastern Europe (SEE) on the scientific field of tribology is presented by using bibliometric indices such as the total number of publications and citations as well as the h-index and the average number of citations per publication. Such a study is attempted, to the authors' knowledge, for the first time.


Abstract Until the late 1960's little was known about the legendary town of Mangazeya, founded in the late 16th century on the lower reaches of the Taz River in northern Siberia as a major fur‐trading center and as a base for the Russian advance into the Yenisey and Lena river basins. The closing of the sea route to Mangazeya to foreign vessels, the opening of new inland portage routes to the Yenisey and Lena and the depletion of fur resources in the region led to the decline of Mangazeya. Its activities were transferred in 1672 to a new outpost, New Mangazeya, on the Yenisey River, renamed Turukhansk in 1782. The results of excavations at the site of Old Mangazeya in 1968–70 are described. (The translation is by lames R. Gibson, York University, Downsview, Ont.)


Background: In observational studies, low physical fitness has been a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and mortality. As physical fitness is under strong genetic contro ...


Three differing perceptions of what constitute the real problems of small business are examined: (1) the management deficiency diagnosis, (2) the unfair competition hypothesis, and (3) the government intervention hypothesis. Valid arguments and factual data can be demonstrated for each model, depending upon the portion of the small business universe from which the data is drawn. Hence the sampling Problem is a serious difficulty in small business research, due to the lack of a current and comprehensive data base on the small business universe. The most comprehensive data set on the universe now available is from IRS tabulations of tax returns. In testing two of the hypotheses above against IRS data by business size, the findings are: (1) small business is not deficient in management competence relative to large business, but rather is more competent, and (2) the tax burden on small business is regressive and prejudicial to the accumulation of internal or external capital.


Solar greenhouse drying is a method of removing moisture from the food material in which drying medium is solar energy which is easily available and low in cost for farmers. The solar energy is decreases in the monsoon months in comparison to non-monsoon months. The decrease in the solar energy results in lower temperatures in the solar greenhouse dryer. The aluminium foil which has 88% reflectivity, reflects the radiation inside solar greenhouse dryer and heats the air inside dryer and maintains heat for longer times. Aluminium foil was applied on eastern, western and southern walls of the dryer and the parameters viz; temperature and relative humidity were recorded in both modified solar greenhouse dryer, solar greenhouse dryer and ambient conditions. Assessment of temperature in ambient condition, solar greenhouse dryer with and without modification showed the maximum temperature difference between solar greenhouse dryer without modification and ambient condition was about 11.5°C whereas 17.5°C maximum temperature difference between modified solar greenhouse dryer and ambient condition. The dryer was able to Original Research Article Sivamma et al.; CJAST, 40(7): 23-29, 2021; Article no.CJAST.67070 24 reduce moisture content of onion from initial moisture content of 679 per cent dry basis to 5.7 per cent in 31 h of drying whereas the traditional sun drying was able to reduce moisture content of onion from initial moisture content of 679 per cent dry basis to 29 per cent in 31 h of drying time. The results showed a considerable advantage of solar dryer over the traditional open sun drying method in term of drying rate and less risk for spoilage.


This study presents a simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) for different classification applications. The proposed SFAM model is synergy of fuzzy logic and adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural networks. SFAM is supervised network consisting of two layers (Fuzzy ART and Inter ART) that build constant classification groups in answer to series of input patterns. Fuzzy ART layer takes a series of input patterns and relate them to output classes. Inter ART layer functions in such a way that it raises the vigilance parameter of fuzzy ART layer. By combining this two layers, SFAM is capable to perform classification very efficiently and giving very high performances. Lastly, the SFAM model is applied to different simulations. The simulation results obtained for the three different datasets: Iris, Wisconsin breast cancer and wine dataset prove that SFAM model has better performance results than other models for these classification applications.


The article is devoted to pressing questions of development of creative endowment of children, psychological conditions of the development of creative endowment. The results of research of endowment schoolboys of Ulan-Ude are revealed.


Little information is available on the physiology of photoreception in the Mysidacea other than a few studies of phototaxis. Practically nothing is known of their spectral sensitivity, dark-adaptation, or lower limits of vision. The two observations that have been made on the response of the opossum shrimp, Mysis relicta LovA©n,have shown that they swim downward when subjected to light (Dakin and Latarche, 1913) and are especially sensitive to a combination of high temperature and bright light (Larkin, 1948). The present study of the spectral sensitivity, dark-adaptation, and phototaxis of M. relicta was undertaken to add to our information on the physiology of photoreception.


The present investigation of quantitative type, pre experimental of transversal cut, was realized in the Educational Institution N °80403 Cristo Rey in the center of Pacanguilla, Pacanga district, Chepen province, La Libertad, during the 2018, with the purpose of determining the Effectiveness of the Educational Program "Transcending with Love" in the level of aggressiveness in school children of 8 and 9 years of age. The sample consisted of 30 school children who met the inclusion criteria. For data collection the Aggression Questionnaire (Vs. Espanola) of Andreu, Pena and Grana (2002) was used, the information obtained was processed in the SPSS 25 and analyzed by means of the statistical test of Marginal Homogeneity. The results are presented in tables of distribution of one-dimensional frequencies, after the analysis the following conclusions were reached: After the application of the educational program, the students who presented a high level of aggressiveness, decreased by 50 percent; that is, the educational program "Transcending with love" was effective.


A new field of shorebird feeding ecology has been opened, stemming directly from natural history observations of previously overlooked morphological and behavioral features. We describe how the pieces of this puzzle were assembled to reveal a fascinating story of small shorebird migration, trophic level shift, and direct feeding upon mudflat superficial biofilm just prior to breeding. Many unexplored avenues of research have arisen, including a trampoline effect of resource timing, the potential trade-off between trophic imperatives and toxic co-products, and the particular utilization of this resource in small, as opposed to large, shorebirds.


Normal-state of many Fe-based pnictides and chalcogenides superconductors exhibit a quadratic-in-temperature, ρtot – ρo – ρph = AT2, over wide ranges of temperature and pressure. Moreover, these systems exhibit a correlation between their Tc and A, namely ln(Tc/θ)∝ A−1/2(θ is an energy scale parameter), even when a control parameter such as pressure is widely varied. This manifestation, as well as that of 1Tc(−dHc2dT)Tc∝An [Phys. Rev. B 89, 220509 (2014), n is charge density, Hc2 is the upper critical field] suggests a common Landau Fermi Liquid scenario for both superconductivity and quadratic-in-T contribution.


Biologic agents have become important treatment options for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With more than 10 years of experience behind us these agents have changed the natural history of the disease and have established themselves as a valid choice in the repertoire used in treating not only advanced patients but also newly diagnosed ones. We report two cases of ulcerative colitis who developed listeria meningitis after a single dose of infliximab therapy. We also examined the significance of the infection and the known details and morbidity about it. We assessed the close link between the use of biologics and the risk of serious infections in patients with IBD, as well as the published cases in the literature so far. Therefore, despite the excitement and hype surrounding their use we should not forget that these are agents that carry a substantial toll of side effects and this should be kept in mind when the choice of therapy is made.


During the 1983 season, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used with great effect by Triangle Limited in their ethanol plant and sugar factory. The advantages and disadvantages of the technique, compared with gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and classical methods of analysis and process control are discussed, and examples of actual and potential value to the industry are given. It is concluded that whilst there are areas in which other techniques have advantages, HPLC will become an increasingly valuable and widely used analytical and process control tool. Introduction The application of chromatographic methods to chemical analysis has had an enormous and profound effect on the science of analytical chemistry. Coupled with other technological advances such as micro-processor control and data processing systems the capabilities of modern chromatographic instrumentation exceed by far those imagined possible ten or even five years ago. The essential feature of chromatographic methods is that the component of interest is separated from other substances in the analytical sample before quantification. This separation from possible interference, contrasts sharply with almost all classical methods, in which precipitation, titration, distillation, optical rotation measurement, or any other procedure is carried out on a mixture of substances. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) has been applied with considerable success to the analysis of sugars in factory produ c t ~ . ' , ~ . ' In GLC, volatile substances in a stream of inert gas are separated by passing them over a stationary liquid phase of low volatility. As sugars are not volatile, they must first be converted into volatile derivatives, and several elegant and well documented procedures have been developed to achieve this.4 In high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) the moving phase is a liquid, and the stationary phase is a solid, and apart from the purely practical differences arising from the need to achieve and control the flow of a gas in the one case, and a liquid in the other, there are no fundamental differences between the two. An obvious practical advantage of HPLC in the analysis of sugars, however, is their ready solubility in water which can be used as the moving phase. Thus the need to prepare derivatives before HPLC, does not exist, and apart from filtration, no sample preparation is necessary. Until the Triangle Limited ethanol plant was commissioned in July 1980, the analytical workload in its mill laboratory was no different to that of any other sugar factory. The need for a more accurate analysis for fermentable sugars in feedstocks for ethanol production soon became obvious, however, as did the need for more reliable methods of trace sugar analysis in stillage, and for ethanol in fermented beer and stillage. Classical methods for the analysis of sucrose, glucose and fructose in molasses are tedious and technically demanding. In addition, glucose and fructose cannot be distinguished from each other, or from other reducing substances either in the molasses, or in the even more complex mixture obtained during and after fermentation. Chromatographic methods offer the only practical solution to an analytical problem of this nature and the decision was taken to purchase a high pressure liquid chromatograph. The principal reasons for the preference of HPLC over GLC were the simplicity of sample preparation and operation, and its relative cheapness both in capital and running costs. Added to TABLE 1 Reproducibility of Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose and Ethanol by HPLC ETHANOL To S.D.


The rubber elasticity characteristics of poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks crosslinked with tetrafunctional (EGDM and TEGDM), hexafunctional (TMPTM), and octafunctional (PETMA) vinyl crosslinkers were investigated. Both gel—sol analyses and crosslinking efficiency theories were used to evaluate the chemical crosslink contribution vc and the entanglement contribution vp to the elastically effective network chains ve, and the effect of the crosslink junction functionality f on the front factor g. The front factors obtained were in the range of 0.50–0.92, depending upon the network system and the counting method for vc. The relationship of g = [(f − 2)/f]/〈r2〉/〈r2〉o seems reasonable in the case of the tetrafunctional and hexafunctional networks, but deviates in the case of the octafunctional network. It is also evident that the functionality scheme for the front factor could only be valid under the postulate of a high vp, which increases with increasing vc, especially in the high vc region near the Gaussian limit. The average energetic contribution to the retractive force of the present systems, expressed as Fe/F, is −0.30 ± 0.1.


This work is devoted to the investigation of GdCr3(BO3)4 crystals by the method of infrared spectroscopy. Incongruently melting borate GdCr3(BO3)4 was obtained as a result of spontaneous crystallization. Crystal structures were identified by the method of infrared spectroscopy. Ab initio calculations in the frame of density functional theory enabled us to separate modes belonging to the R32 and C2/c phases and to estimate the ratio of these phases in GdCr3(BO3)4 crystals. We have found that the content of the rhombohedral R32 (non- centrosymmetric) modification is about 85%.


The scoping review reported by this article aimed to analyze and synthesize state-of-the-art studies focused on the integration of cyber resilience in the implementation of smart cities. An electronic search was conducted, and 11 studies were included in this review after the selection process. According to the findings, cyber resilience represents a gap of the current research related to smart cities and, therefore, additional efforts are required to guarantee that smart cities are resilient to challenging events such as cyber-attacks or natural disasters.


The first years of life are essential in the formation of eating habits, which are influenced by
the power of parents, socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Considering the availability of
the manual "Ten steps to a healthy infant feeding: food guide for children under two years"
for professionals and their applicability in the primary care setting, this study aimed to
evaluate maternal practices in the feeding of children under one year according to the
recommendations of the ten steps. cross-sectional analytical study carried out in the Basic
Health Units of Health District IV, Recife-PE. As a result of the dissertation, two articles were
developed: the first, entitled "Educational interventions to promote healthy eating in children
under two years: an integrative review" aiming to investigate educational interventions to
promote healthy eating in children under two years. The search was carried out between
October and November 2014, using the descriptors study intervention, health education,
infant food and weaning indexed in LILACS, CINAHL, and Scopus. The sample consisted of
24 publications showed verbal guidance as the main educational strategy. audiovisual, sound
and portable features also proved effective in promoting healthy eating. educational
interventions help in the formation of knowledge, promoting exclusive breastfeeding until the
sixth month of life and timely and correct introduction of food. The second article, "Maternal
practices in the implementation of the ten steps to healthy infant feeding in children under one
year" was developed with 151 mothers / caregivers of children 12-23 months and 29 days.
Data were collected between July and September 2015 through a socioeconomic form and
other feeding practices, which was submitted to content validation process with eight experts.
For analysis it built a score of compliance with the ten steps, considering the main
recommendation of each step. Data were tabulated and validated in Epi Info version 3.5.4
software and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The association research of scores with the
independent variables was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Poisson
regression with robust variance investigated the influence of sociodemographic variables,
maternal, birth, care for the child and health education on proper feeding practices, estimating
prevalence ratios and confidence intervals. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee
on Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco, under protocol
28
1,052,807. The results of the original manuscript showed a median of only 20.0% in the
implementation of the ten steps. The determining factors for mother / caregiver accomplish
the greatest number of steps that constitute the practice of healthy eating were breast Paid
work outside the home, living with a partner and carry seven or more queries on childcare.
We conclude that maternal feeding practices in the implementation of the ten steps to a
healthy infant feeding in infants under one year is inadequate and suffers interference factors
related to social networking, care and health education.


Introduction Part 1: The Conflict within Islamic Civilization between Jihad and Democracy and its Pertinence to World Politics and to the Islam-Diaspora in Europe 1. From Classical Jihad to Global Jihadism in an Invention of Tradition for Mapping the World into Dar Al-Islam 2. Polity and Rule Part 2: Political Islam in World Politics 3. The World-Political Sunni-Fallacy 4. The Shi'i Option Part 3: Europe as a Battlefield for the Competing Options: Islamization/Europeanization 5. Political Islam and Europe in the 21st Century 6. The European Diaspora of Muslim Migrants and the Idea of Europe


. We provide an optimized closed formula for the volume of the solid, bounded by a Bézier surface and the cones determined by its boundary curves and the origin. The obtained formula is easy to implement in programming languages, since it contains only basic arithmetic operations.


The rapid development of biotechnology has changed the traditional practical course of zoology.This paper discusses some strategies about how to use the theory of modern instructional design to guide the practical course of zoology.


A finite difference time-domain (FDTD) scattered-field formulation for dispersive chiral media is developed and presented. The FDTD formulation uses the Z transform method to model the frequency dependent dispersive nature of permittivity, permeability and chirality as well. The permittivity and permeability are assumed to follow the Lorentz model whereas the chirality is assumed to follow the Condon model. The formulation is developed for three-dimensional electromagnetic applications. Results of this formulation are presented for the co-polarization and cross-polarization of the reflected and transmitted waves from a chiral slab and for the scattered field from a chiral sphere, a chiral cube and a finite length chiral cylinder, due to normal incidence of a plane wave. Validation of the formulation is performed by comparing the results with those based on the exact solutions and those obtained from method of moments solutions. Introduction The electromagnetic wave propagation in chiral and bi-isotropic media has been modeled by the FDTD technique recently in various studies. These studies are based on various assumptions of constitutive relations of bi-isotropic and chiral media. Akyurtlu et al. extensively studied modeling bianisotropic media and its subclasses (e.g. biisotropic, chiral, isotropic) using the FDTD method. In [1] and [2], they incorporated the dispersive nature of permittivity, permeability and chirality in the FDTD formulation, thus providing a full dispersive model; frequency dependence of permittivity and permeability follows the Lorentzian model, wheras chirality follows the Condon model. Their studies are based on decomposing the electric and magnetic fields in the medium into wavefields; with which they treated the chiral medium problem as the sum of two problems in associated isotropic media. They verified the validity of their formulations by providing results for only one-dimensional problems. In this study, a dispersive chiral FDTD formulation is developed based on a direct implementation of the coupled chiral constitutive relations incorporated into Maxwell's equations, unlike the ones presented in [1] and [2], which use the decoupled equations. The scattering of electromagnetic plane wave from three-dimensional dispersive chiral scatterers as well as the reflection and transmission from one-dimensional slab are presented. The dispersion of permittivity and permeability follows the Lorentzian model, wheras chirality follows the Condon model. These models are incorporated into the FDTD formulation using the Z transform method. The FDTD formulation is used to calculate transient reflected and transmitted fields from a chiral slab due to the incidence of a Gaussian TEM field. Furthermore, the formulation is used to calculate co-polarization and cross-polarization of the reflected and transmitted waves from a chiral slab and a chiral sphere due to an incident plane wave. Very good agreements are observed while comparing the numerical results based on these new formulations and the corresponding values based on the exact solutions for these canonical problems. Furthermore, scattering from non-canonical objects such as a chiral cube and a finite chiral cylinder have been 0-7803-9544-1/05/$20.00 ©2005 IEEE 8 calculated and the results are compared with those based on method of moments solutions of the same problems. With this presented formulation, the analysis of dispersive composite structures made of combinations of dielectric, magnetic and chiral materials is possible. Dispersive chiral FDTD formulation using the Z transform method The constitutive equations for chiral media in frequency domain can be written as ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) o o D E j H ω ε ω ω κ ω ε μ ω = − (1.a) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) o o B H j E ω μ ω ω κ ω ε μ ω = + (1.b) where ( ) ε ω , ( ) μ ω and ( ) κ ω are frequency dependent permittivity, permeability and chirality parameters, respectively. In most of the cases, the Lorentz model is used to describe the dispersive nature of permittivity and permeability, and the Condon model [3] is used for chirality [1-2,4]. These are given in the following forms 2


The impact of brain injury on family dynamics and functioning has been the subject of much research over the last three decades. Coping with the impact of acquired brain injury (ABI) is one of the most difficult tasks that can confront a family (Florian, Katz, & Lahav, 1989) and family members experience a wide range of needs as the injured person progresses through rehabilitation (Brooks, 1991). Several early studies (Panting & Merry, 1972; Thomsen, 1972; Oddy, Humphrey, & Uttley, 1978) highlighted the emotional difficulties and stresses that family members experience in post-injury adjustment. Much familial distress was attributed to behavioral, cognitive, and personality changes in the brain-injured family member. Other researchers (Oddy, & Humphrey, 1980; McKinlay, et al. 1981; Thomsen, 1984) suggested a strong relationship between the severity of brain injury and the degree of emotional strain and disturbance experienced by the family in post-injury adjustment. The Brooks, et al. (1986) study on the impact of brain injury from the viewpoint of relatives showed that relatives were under significantly greater stress at five years than at one year post-injury. The area that most caused stress was `disturbed behavior'. At five years post-injury, relatives reported experiencing increases in the incidence of disturbing/challenging behaviors (violence, verbal aggression, inappropriate social behaviors, dependency etc.) and a reduced ability to cope with the brain injured family member compared with their experience at one year post-injury. This pattern of increasing stress and strain (as time since injury progresses) experienced by family members caring for a relative who has a brain injury seems different as compared to family adjustment patterns relating to other acquired disabilities. Florian et al.'s (1989) study of family adjustment in which families experienced either a spinal cord injury (SCI) or an acquired brain injury (ABI) to one of its members indicated that family members coping with SCI had better long-term adjustment outcomes than families coping with ABI. Florian et al. found the severity of injury and the magnitude of behavioral and personality change to be the best predictor of long-term family stress and strain, confirming earlier research (Oddy, & Humphrey, 1980; McKinlay, et al., 1981; Thomsen, 1984; Brooks et al., 1986) that linked the degree of severity of the brain injury, and subsequent personality and cognitive changes with the degree of psychological distress, burden and family dysfunction experienced among family members post injury. In Australia, over 148,800 individuals have an ABI and receive support from a family member, such as a spouse, parent, child, or other relative (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1993; Yeatman, 1996). Brooks, et al.'s. (1986) finding that family stress and burden increases over time suggests that family members `needs' and the degree to which they are met or not met may also change over time. In order to prevent family breakdown and caregiver burnout, assure timely service provision and utilize limited resources effectively, it is vital that the needs of families coping with brain injury be identified. Family Needs Following Brain Injury Maus-Clum and Ryan, (1981) Mathias, (1984), and Campbell (1988) have explored the needs of family members during adjustment to a relative's acquired brain injury. Maus-Clum and Ryan (1981) found that needs for accurate and kind communication with health professionals about both short and long term recovery, financial counseling, emotional support, and information about community resources were ranked high by relatives. Mathias (1984) administered an adapted general trauma questionnaire to family members of critically ill relatives during acute hospitalization. The time at which the brain injured family members were interviewed post-injury was between approximately 0 and 4 months post-trauma. …


Investigated the regulating function of three sex steroid hormones in the testis of in Batrachuperus tibetanus.Detected the distribution of three hormones in testis of Batrachuperus tibetanus during the annual reproductive cycle.The results showed that testosterone was presented in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia(SPG),then it translocated in the nuclear of spermatocyte(SPC) and spermatid(SPD);estradiol has been detected in the cytoplasm and periphery of nuclear membrane in germ cells;progestogen distributed in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia(SPG) and spermatocyte(SPC)dispersedly,after that it existed in the nuclear of spermatid(SPD).Testosterone play an important role in inchoate spermatogenesis and transconformation of germ cells,estradiol take part in proliferation of germ cells by nongeomic action,while progestogen play an regulative role in spermatid(SPD) metamorphosis in later period of development of germ cells.Three sex steroid hormones exert to regulate spermatogenesis through different ways.


Objectives. To determine if the addition of a student-supported venous thromboembolism risk assessment strategy could improve rates of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis at a community teaching hospital. Methods. After receiving education and training on venous thromboembolism risk assessment, students assessed patients and recommended therapy in a 493-bed community teaching hospital over 5 weeks. Both the quantity and quality of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis were measured and compared to a baseline rate. Results. One hundred three recommendations were made to physicians with a 41% acceptance rate. Compared to previous rates, the percentages of patients receiving "any," "suitable," and "optimal" venous thromboembolism prophylaxis increased from 70.5% to 82.7% (p = 0.0005), 64.4% to 75.9% (p = 0.0022), and 56.3% to 68.5% (p = 0.0022), respectively. Conclusions. A student-supported venous thromboembolism risk assessment strategy resulted in an increase in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis rates and could be used as a model for other institutions to integrate students into population-based care.


For over 20 years, the creative industries have been seen as the engine driving global economic transformation, a way out of the dilemmas of de-industrialization, and as key to the projection of national 'soft power' (Nye 1990), that is, non-military geopolitical influence. Some of the industries often placed in this category have histories of a century or more (e.g., cinema, advertising), while some are much newer (e.g., software programming), but the category itself, and the policies around it, are transforming them all. The term 'creative industries' (along with related terms like 'creative economy', 'creative class' and 'creative cities') emerged in the UK and US from the 1990s through the early 2000s, and by the mid-2000s had been translated and taken up by governments throughout the world, along with new government agencies, public-private partnerships, policies, infrastructure projects and educational programmes aimed at developing national creative industries. Definitions of the creative industries, practices through which creativity is supposedly manifested, and policies designed to encourage creativity have diversified with the globalisation of the discourse. As Kong et al. (2006) discovered, governments in Asia consulted American and European creative economy gurus such as Richard Florida and John Howkins, but each one adapted their terms and suggestions in different ways. South Korea, for example, made massive investments in infrastructure and support for the cinema and music industries, which many credit for the global success of the Korean Wave. The earlier, and continuing, success of Japanese media products, in contrast, has occurred with relatively little government support. After more than a decade, we can see that in East Asia, as in the US and Europe, the implementation of policies to develop creative industries and creative cities have had some unanticipated results. These range from the opening up of a space for openly LGBT-owned and operated businesses to flourish in Singapore, where colonial antisodomy laws still exist (Yue 2007), to work in design, advertising, and architecture being seen as such a reliable pathway from the working to the middle class in the People's Republic of China that parents now force their children to spend years arduously preparing for hyper-competitive art school admission tests (Chumley 2016). This issue of Culture, Theory and Critique addresses some of the questions that have been brought to light by the varied experiences of culture industry workers and consumer publics across East Asia over the past decade. The papers cover the former 'tiger economies' of South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, as well as Japan and the PRC, and one paper looks at the organisation of media co-productions among China, Vietnam, Hong Kong


Abstract In the nematic phase of p-methoxy benzylidene p-n-butylaniline, an increase in the proton spin-lattice relaxation time was observed over a small temperature range above 21 °C. It is proposed that this indicates that additional anisotropic fluctuations, associated with the onset of a biaxial phase, contribute to the proton spin-lattice relaxation in the region of 21 °C. A low frequency collective mode, ω s∼50 sec−1, relaxes the dipolar reservoir in the nematic phase. In the isotropic phase at ω L/2π = 15 MHz translation diffusion is the dominant relaxation mechanism.


This paper documents the work performed for the implementation and validation of a satellite propulsion subsystem modeling library ESPSSv2.0 (European Space Propulsion System Simulation) within the existing tool EcosimPro and using test cases relevant for space applications. EcosimPro is a physical simulation modeling tool that is an object-oriented visual simulation tool capable of solving various kinds of dynamic systems represented by writing equations and discrete events. It can be used to study both steady states and transients. The object oriented tool, with the propulsion library allows, for example, the user to draw (and to design at the same time) the propulsion system with components of that speci¦c library with tanks, lines, ori¦ces, thrusters, and tees. The user enhances the design with components from the thermal library (heaters, thermal conductance, and radiators), from the control library (analogue/digital devices), from the electric library, etc.


In a globalization era, where retail business competition is getting tougher, a retail business has to have more advantages such as competitive selling prices, stock availability and others. In order to have competitive selling prices, a retail business should be able to arrange planning regarding goods availability to maintain balance between demand and existing stock (supply). The need for information on the availability of stock of goods in accordance with the sales that occur becomes very important. It is needed to avoid the goods accumulated excessively in the warehouse or even shortage of goods. If this kind of information about stocks both in a warehouse or the one that has been sold does not properly provided, it can cause reduction on the company's profit because it can lead to more expenses on buying other goods as guessing that the stock of certain goods are running low or even more miscalculating to buy more goods that is actually still on the warehouse with sufficient quantities. These kind of situations were often occurred when a retail business do not have a tool to ensure the estimated purchase of stock needed for a certain period of time during selling. Therefore, it is required a system to help facilitate companies in carrying out retail business activities by using the Forecasting Method to help estimate quantitatively what will happen in the future with the stocks, based on relevant data in the past. In accordance with the results of the identification of demand patterns, the Forecasting Method used is Moving Average (MA), Weighted Moving Average (WMA), Single Exponential Smoothing (SES) and Double Exponential Smoothing (DES). After Forecasting, the best Forecast Method which has the lowest Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) selection is made. This Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method helps to determine the optimal purchase frequency. Through determining the optimal number and frequency of purchases, then optimal inventory control is obtained. The Reorder Point method can be used to find out what the minimum point is to be able to order a stock back, so that it is expected that the amount of stock that is not excessive and can meet sales needs optimally.


The application of school-enterprise cooperation model to develop talent is a necessary requirement for economic and social development.It is the inevitable trend of higher education reform,achieving the school,students and businesses win-win situation.Breadth of resource sharing and exchange of deep invasive mode of communication directed training mode,is the number of school-enterprise cooperation to develop an exemplary model.


Time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) formulation has been developed for the ordering processes of B2 and D03 types in binary alloy systems. In the formulation, three order parameters are defined in order to describe the state of order. Equivalent variants of B2 and D03 structures are distinguished using these order parameters. The mean-field free energy is defined in the form of a Landau-type expansion using the order parameters and a composition parameter. Interface energies due to local variations in the degrees of order and concentration are given with a gradient square approximation. Kinetic equations are derived from the Ginzburg–Landau-type potential in order to describe the time-evolutions of the order parameters and the concentration. Numerical simulations of the kinetic equations have been performed for B2- and D03-type ordering as well as concurrent ordering and phase separation to disordered A2+D03. The simulated results provide a good reproduction of the formation processes of B2 and D03 ordered domains in an Fe3Al alloy.


By means of the fine-grained interference and the disturbed test of the memory bandwidth and the memory space isolation,this paper designs an evaluation system of the memory performance isolation in virtualization from which the interaction of multiple VMs visiting the memory at same time can be obtained.Test result shows that the major flaw still exists in the current hardware and software platforms support with the concern of the performance isolation of the virtualization,and the measured performance of the VMs is down severely in face of interference.


Negritude is a literary and political movement founded in Paris in the 1930s by a group of students from the French Caribbean and Africa. The founding members, Aime Cesaire, Leopold Senghor, and Leon Damas hoped to eliminate the barriers between black students from the various French colonies. They were not only concerned with the cooperation between Blacks within the group, but also with the well-being and unity of the black race. Negritude constituted a dream and above all a philosophy of action for the black people as a race of discriminated and exploited humanity. Negritude contained in its vision a new African personality, African world-view, and a path to authentic black existence. It is from this perspective that the movement has exercised lasting influence in African history. Keywords : Negritude, culture, Africa, imperialism, Senghor


A fundamental measurement in studying adsorption is the probability that a gas molecule striking the surface will stick. Widely varying values of sticking probabilities have been reported for seemingly identical systems indicating the existence of numerous problems in making the measurements. This paper is a discussion of a technique to measure sticking probabilities on metal films that avoids the difficulty of measuring flow rates and/or conductances. The technique is based upon the pressure rise in a closed chamber caused by the admission of gas from a constant pressure reservoir. The amount of gas adsorbed is determined by comparing the rate of increase of pressure with and without an adsorbing surface. Results using this method are compared to results of other workers using other methods.


At present,the mobile Ad Hoc networks are becoming more and more important and the merits of routing performance is a very critical issue.This paper analyzes the representative routing protocols,and this can help us understand the advantages and disvantages of various routings,then we can solve the existing problems of the Ad Hoc network better.


The human and mouse genes POLE1 and Pole1 for the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase e contain 51 and 49 exons, respectively, and the human gene POLE2 for the B-subunit contains 19 exons. The human POLE1 encodes three alternatively spliced mRNAs differing in their 5 -terminal sequence and in the N-termini of the predicted proteins. The promoters for the major human transcript and the mouse Pole1 are G+C rich, TATA-less and contain putative cis-acting elements typical of both S phase upregulated and serum responsive promoters. Interestingly, the three human alternative transcripts are expressed from three promoters, and other structural features of POLE1 suggest that regulation of its expression is complicated. The amino acid sequence of the catalytic subunit deduced from the mouse cDNA shows remarkable evolutionary conservation in the DNA polymerase e family. Interestingly, several conserved elements involved in template-primer binding differ from those of other class B DNA polymerases. This is likely to reflect a distinctive function of the enzyme. The mouse Pole1 was localized to chromosome 5 region E3-E5. The expression of the human POLE2 encoding the B-subunit of DNA polymerase e is dependent on cell proliferation in a late serum-responsive manner. This is typical for DNA replication-related proteins. The promoter, which utilizes multiple transcriptional initiation sites, is G+C rich and lacks a TATA-box. A 75 bp core promoter region is located within exon 1 and contains an Sp1 element as a critical determinant of the promoter activity. Two overlapping E2F elements adjacent to the Sp1 element are essential for full promoter activity and serum response. Immediately downstream from the core promoter region reside binding sites for E2F1 and NF-1. POLE2 seems to be regulated by two E2F-pocket protein complexes, one associated with Sp1 and the other with NF-1. The complete cDNA of the human DNA topoisomerase IIβ binding protein (TopBP1) reveals a 170 kDa protein that contains eight BRCT-domains and shows homology to S. cerevisiae Dpb11 and S. pombe Cut5/Rad4. The protein interacts physically with human DNA polymerase e as shown by co-immunoprecipitation. A peptide containing the 6th BRCT-domain and an antibody against this peptide inhibit DNA replication in isolated nuclei, indicating that the protein is required for DNA replication. The expression of TopBP1 is proliferation-dependent in a manner that is typical for replication proteins. The gene encoding TopBP1 was localized to chromosome 3q21-q23.


Based on coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation,the numerical solutionsbtained with Split-step Fourier Method.The impacts that initial chirp affects the polarization mode dispersion in wavelength division multiplex system are simulated and analyzed.The results show that: when the power of the input signal is low,the co-effects positive chirp and second-order dispersion inhibit polarization mode dispersion;while it's high,the co-effects positive chirp,second-order dispersion and nonlinear effects compensate pulse's expand resulted from polarization mode dispersion partially;the chirps exist optimum values and they shouldn't be too large.


Abstract Preparing children to function effectively as global citizens in today's complex and ethnically polarized nations and the world, will require students who think critically about the knowledge of the histories, experiences, and the cultural practices of other parts of the world. This paper offers African cultural heritage through proverbs as a frame for developing critical thinking skills among American students in the United States Xhosa (South Africa) Proverb: Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu 'A person is a person through persons'


The antioxidative activity of organic Se-polysaccharide drew from the selenium enriched cordyceps militaris cultured by ourselves was investigated.To study the biological activity of organic Se-polysaccharide,the degree of injury to the simulating biomembranes caused by hydroxyl free radicals which were produced from the reaction of Fe2 + and H2O2 in the Fenton system was examined,by means of voltammetry(CV),constructing Supported Bilayer Lipid Membrane(s-BLM),as well as using 0.1 mol/L KCl,1.0 mmol/L K3Fe(CN) 6 and 1.0 mmol/L K4Fe(CN) 6 as probe solutions.The results showed that hydroxyl free radicals enhanced the permeability of s-BLM,and damnified the membrane bodies as well.On the other hand,the injury to biomembranes caused by hydroxyl free radicals was restrained in the presence of Se-polysaccharide,as Se-polysaccharide could eliminate free radicals and,therefore,protect biomembranes.In addition,the clearance rates of hydroxyl free radicals by various concentrations of catalase and Se-polysaccharide were investigated using Ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) absorption spectra.The results showed that Se-polysaccharide had a better clearance effect on hydroxyl free radicals than catalase.And when Se-polysaccharide and catalase coexisted in systems,there was a synergistic clearance effect on hydroxyl free radicals.The possible mechanism of the antioxidative activity of Se-polysaccharide was further discussed.It would provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the exploitation and application of organic Se-polysaccharide on protecting biomembranes and the antioxidative activity.


A new notion is introduced of matrix order indices which relate the matrix norm and its trace. These indices can be defined for any given matrix. They are especially important for matrices describing many-body systems, equilibrium as well as nonequilibrium, for which the indices present a quantitative measure of the level of ordering. They characterize not only the long-range order, but also midrange order. In the latter case, when order parameters do not exist, the matrix indices are well defined, providing an explicit classification of various mid-range orders. The matrix order indices are suitable for describing phase transitions with both off-diagonal and diagonal order. Contrary to order parameters whose correct definition requires the thermodynamic limit, the matrix indices do not necessarily need the latter. Because of this, such indices can distinguish between different phases of finite systems, thus, allowing for the classification of crossover phase transitions. PACS: 02.10.Yn; 05.70.Fh; 64.60.Cn


The traffic flow forecasting proposed for a series of problems, such as urban road congestion and unreasonable road planning, aims to build a new smart city, improve urban infrastructure, and alleviate road congestion. The problems encountered in traffic flow forecasting are also relatively difficult; the reason is that traffic flow forecasting is uncertain, dynamic, and nonlinear. It is challenging to build a reliable and safe model. Aiming at this complex and nonlinear traffic flow forecasting problem, this paper proposes a solution of an ABC-ELM model optimized by an artificial bee colony algorithm to solve the above problem. It uses the characteristics of the artificial bee colony algorithm to optimize the model so that the model can better and faster find the optimal solution in space. Moreover, it also uses the characteristics of the limit learning machine to quickly deal with this nonlinear specific problem. Experimental results on the Amsterdam road traffic flow dataset show that the traffic flow prediction model proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy and is more sensitive to data changes.


In Romania, stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability (Neagu, 2019). The speed of reaction in the case of a stroke can make the difference between life and death, between a healthy patient and a patient who remains disabled for life. In this context, we wanted to create a mobile application in Romanian that will help users to do a F.A.S.T. test very quickly. The test identifies possible problems at the face, arms and speech levels. This article shows how we made this application using a client-server architecture and what users think about it. Author


A coat of paint adds considerable value to an automobile. In addition to consuming up to 60% of the energy needed by automobile assembly plants, however, the painting process also creates both economic and environmental impacts. This study investigated the degree of cost and environmental impact improvement that can be expected when modifications are considered for existing paint processes through heat integration. In order to accomplish this goal, a mathematical model was created to describe the energy use, costs, and environmental impacts from energy consumption in an automobile assembly painting facility. The model agrees with measured energy consumption data for process heating and electricity demand to within about 15% for one Michigan truck facility from which model input parameters were obtained. Thermal pinch analysis determined an energy conservation target of 58% of paint process energy demand. A heat exchanger network optimization study was conducted in order to determine how closely the network design could achieve this target. The resulting heat exchanger network design was profitable based on a discounted cash flow analysis and may achieve reductions in total corporate energy consumption of up to 16% if implemented corporatewide at a major automobile manufacturer.


Background and objectives Study of prostatic lesions has gained more importance because development of prostatic hyperplasia is an almost universal phenomenon in aging men. Prostatic carcinoma is the second most common cause of death in men over age of 55 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients presenting with enlarged prostate and to evaluate the efficiency of serum PSA to diagnose and differentiate benign and malignant enlargements. Method 100 patients attending the Nephrology Urology Hospitals OPD with enlarged prostate were evaluated and advised to undergo serum PSA testing Results Among 100 patients evaluated, the efficiency of serum PSA to differentiate benign and malignant lesions was 47% and 67% respectively. Conclusion The age specific reference ranges are better than the traditional reference range for screening for prostate cancer in patients with an enlarged prostate and in those with urinary complaints and for planning the management. The age specific reference ranges have the potential to make serum PSA a more discriminating marker for detecting clinically significant cancers in older men (increasing specificity) and to find more potentially curable cancers in the younger men (increasing sensitivity). Author Affiliations: Lab director, NU Hospitals Diagnostic Services, Bangalore, Quality Manager, NU Hospitals Diagnostic Services, Bangalore.


When assessing mine closure options, predicting mine waste effluent water quality is a particular challenge. Conventional static and kinetic tests on small sample volumes are typically used to assess if the mine wastes will be acid generating. However, using these small scale tests to assess if or when field-scale waste piles will release poor quality effluent requires recognizing scale-up issues between laboratory and field conditions. At the Diavik Diamond Mine, up to 42 million tonnes of fine processed kimberlite (FPK) will be deposited onsite for permanent storage. To evaluate the effectiveness of using lab scale experiments to predict mineral weathering and the evolution of porewater geochemistry from the FPK storage impoundment, testing was done to quantify the relationship between laboratory humidity cells and large field-scale tanks. Three fractions of FPK were used for the humidity cell experiments including fine, medium and coarse grained fractions of slurry-deposited FPK. Humidity cells representing the three grain sizes were run for 80 weeks in duplicate at 4°C and 20°C, following the ASTM method. Concurrently, three 5700 L high-density polyethylene tanks were filled with the same fractions of FPK material as the humidity cells. The three tanks were constructed to represent unsaturated conditions. Each tank was instrumented in detail to measure pore water geochemistry, gas-phase concentrations and oxygen diffusion, matrix pressure and flow, evolution of temperature, as well as to resolve mass and flow balances. Results from this study will be used for closure plans at Diavik and potentially other Diamond mines in the Canadian North.


A new K-medoids algorithm is proposed based on the neighborhood of samples in a dataset.This algorithm defines the radius of the neighborhood and the related neighborhood for each sample according to the distribution of samples in a dataset,and selects the samples that not only lie in higher density area,but also are far away from each other as initial seeds for K-medoids algorithm to overcome the potential disadvantage of the fast K-medoids algorithm to select the samples in the same cluster as initial seeds for different clusters.The proposed K-medoids algorithm is tested on some well-known data sets from UCI machine learning repository and on some synthetic datasets with noisy samples.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves the excellent clustering result in short time and is not sensible to noisy data.It outperforms the traditional K-medoids algorithm(Partitioning Around Medoids,PAM) and the fast K-medoids algorithm of Park′s.


Abstract Insect diversity at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest (14°45' 14°72' N & 79°07' 78°80' E), Kadapa in the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh was studied during the period from June 2013 to September 2014. Nearly 75 species of butterflies, 12 moth species from Lepidoptera; 4 ant species, one wasp, 6 bee species from Hymenoptera; 7 cricket species of Orthoptera; 5 bug species from Hemiptera; 3 mosquito species, 4 housefly species, 2 species of flies from Diptera; 8 species of dragon flies, 2 species of damselflies from Odonata; 3 beetles from Coleopteran; one species each from Thysanura; and Mantodea and 2 species from Phasmatodea; one species each from class Arachnida and Diploda were identified. The seasonality, relative abundance and diversity of some insect groups was also recorded. Majority of the insects are very much required for pollination. Some insects produce useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk.


We present a prototype of time projection chamber with planar electronic readout. The particular aspect of the readout is the arrangement and connection of pads in three linear arrays. A track of an ionizing particle may be reconstructed by applying the specially developed algorithms to the signals generated simultaneously in the three linear arrays of strips rotated by 60°. This provides the measurement of the coordinates of the track segment corresponding to the defined time slice in the plane perpendicular to the drift vector. The relative coordinate in the orthogonal direction is provided by the measurement of time sequence of signals at the known drift velocity value. It is expected to achieve comparable precision of 3D reconstruction of charged tracks in nuclear reactions at low energies as for the pixel readout but with significantly reduced costs of electronics. In this work the results of the first experiments using this TPC are presented. The reconstructed tracks of α particles from decay of 222Rn using simple algorithm are shown. The encouraging results confirm the capability of such TPC to measure low-energy charged products of nuclear reactions and nuclear decays.


In Indonesia, the positivistic modern ideology is currently experiencing a downfall due to its inability to overcome the problems of human life. This study aims to complete the explanation of why prophetic law is needed in the Indonesian legal system in the juridical domain and the implementation domain. This was qualitative research which used a philosophical juridical approach. This paper used a descriptive method of analysis. In Indonesia, the prophetic law refers to the ideology of Pancasila, which is interpreted as the nation's way of life. It reveals the relationship between humans and God, the relationship among humans, and the relationship between humans and the universe. The basis for the thought and implementation of prophetic law in Indonesia is the first principle of Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, which stated that the proclamation of Indonesian independence was a blessing from Allah (God) Almighty. In addition, based on Law No. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, it is stated that the judiciary is carried out "for the sake of justice based on the Belief in One God," which is the soul of decisions made by judicial bodies in Indonesia.


Objective To study the relationship between polymorphism of urotensin gene and gestational diabetes mellitus( GDM). Methods The polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism( PCR-RFLP)technique was used to detect the locus rs228648 in urotensin gene among 120 patients with GDM and 100 normal pregnant women. Results The A / A genotype frequency of locus rs228648 in urotensin gene was 12. 50% in GDM patients,which was significantly lower than that( 28. 00%) in the control group( P 0. 05). And the A genotype frequency was 38. 75% in GDM patients,which was significantly lower than that( 63. 50%) in the control group( P 0. 05). The G genotype frequency of locus rs228648 in urotensin gene was 61. 25% in GDM patients,which was higher than that( 36. 50%) in the control group( P 0.05). Conclusion The polymorphism of locus rs228648 in urotensin gene correlates with the genetic susceptibility of GDM,the homozygote A of locus rs228648 may be an important protective factor for GDM.


Processing harvesters are forestry telemanipulators that can fell, delimb, cut and pile trees in only one sequence of operations. They are complex machines and operators need between 4 and 6 months of practice to become productive. This paper describes work in progress concerning the development of a computerized environment that uses 3D graphics, audio feedback and real-time interactivity to create a virtual environment (VE) similar to one of a processing harvester. This virtual environment will be used both to train operators and to test new user interfaces that could enhance performance and/or reduce operation's learning time, as well as improve the overall productivity by allowing operators to train without taking machines out of service.


A compact formulation of bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging is provided and presented thru numerical simulation of various perfect scatterers. The imaging formulation is derived for small-angle and small-bandwidth conventions. After completing the formulation, its relationship to monostatic set-up is examined and discussed. To validate the algorithm, the images of point target models are then simulated and presented for different bistatic geometries. It is shown that for a range of bistatic angle, the imaging algorithm successfully works and has the advantage of reduced bandwidth over the monostatic case at the cost of worse resolution.


Hipparcos trigonometrical parallaxes of Cepheid variables are used to derive a zero point for the period-luminosity (PL) relation. Adopting a slope from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the relation is found to be (M v > = -2.81l0gP-1.43. The standard error of the zero-point is 0.10 mag. Together with metallicity corrections this corresponds to a distance modulus of 18.70 ± 0.10 for the LMC and 24.77 ± 0.11 for M31. Some implications of these results are discussed. Estimates of the Hubble constant (Ho) that are based on Cepheid observations together with an adopted LMC distance modulus of 18.50 will on average now need to be decreased by '" 10 per cent. However, metallicity corrections, which have frequently been ignored, will result in the actual percentage change varying with the sample of galaxies studied. Calibration of RR Lyrae absolute magnitudes using the LMC and M31 Cepheid distances implies an age for the oldest Galactic globular clusters of '" 11 Gyr. The parallax data show that the period of Polaris corresponds to first overtone pulsation.


AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis system was established in research of Pearl River armorhead catfish,Cranoglanis bouderius.The several steps for AFLP analysis were examined,including DNA extraction,double-restriction endonuclease reaction,single-restriction endonuclease reaction,adadpter ligation reaction,preamplification reaction,selective amplification reaction and Ag-NORs reaction.The AFLP fingerprinting experiments of C.bouderius with primer combination,E+AAG/M+CTG and P+ATT/T+ACA,were performed,which had about 50 clear and bright amplification bands.


A numerical method is presented to obtain approximate solutions to problems arising from sedimentation models. These processes are widely utilized in minery for recovering water from suspensions coming out of flotation processes. The main idea is to apply a multiresolution method to the existing schemes developed by B\"urger et al. [2, 3, 4] and to observe the good performance of the multiresolution strategy when applied to these kind of problems. We obtain high rates of memory compression without affecting the quality of the solution.


Efficient repair and regeneration of alveolar epithelium after acute lung injuries are critical for pulmonary maintenance. Previous studies suggested alveolar type II cells (ATIIs) are progenitors in the adult lung and Alveolar Type I cells (ATIs) are terminally differentiated. However, recent studies develop fresh perspectives, which suggest ATIs may play more roles. Here we show that ATIs exhibit markedly enhanced proliferation capacity and express a set of ATIIs associated genes after treated with damaged lung milieus. These changed characteristics suggest ATIs generate phenotypic plasticity and exhibit dedifferentiated state. We identify KLF2 as a regulator of the module. Knockdown of KLF2 induces gene expression is consistent to those observed in milieu treated cells. These findings demonstrate the unanticipated plasticity of ATIs and suggest the molecular mechanisms controlling ATI-ATII plasticity which deserve more explorations.


The ceramic shells were fabricated with ceramic slurry containing yttria as filler material and colloidal silica binder. The slurry characteristics in terms of sedimentation and kinematic viscosity were measured. The green bending strength was determined to find the bonding strength of the ceramic shells. The yttria shells exhibit high strength for filler to binder ratio of 0.78 cc/ml.


In Agile Software Development projects, the Story Points are mainly used as a way of estimating effort of activities. The Story Points can help a team choosing the tasks that will be executed in an given Sprint, with this team's Velocity, it is possible to estimate how many Story Points can be executed within the Sprint. However, this technique can't define a software's funtional size, since this Story Points are private of each project and development team, ergo, it's not possible to Benchmark the projects inside or outside the company. Funtional Size Measurement techniques like COSMIC Function Point define patterns, wich means that the functional size of the software being measured do not relies on expert opinion. A case study was carried out to compare the accuracy of estimates based on Story Points and Cosmic Function Points. Obtaining better accuracy results from Cosmic Function Points estimates. Key-words: Estimative; Effort; Story Point; COSMIC. Lista de ilustrações Figura 1 – Acurácia x Precisão. Fonte: Autor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Figura 2 – Sequência de atividades do Planning Poker. Fonte: (GRENNING, 2002), Adaptado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Figura 3 – Processo da Estratégia de Medição. Fonte: (COSMIC. . . , 2014) 49 Figura 4 – Processo de mapeamento de medição. Fonte (COSMIC. . . , 2014) 52 Figura 5 – Processo geral da fase de medição COSMIC. Fonte (COSMIC. . . , 2014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Figura 6 – Fluxograma das atividades de medição de software. Fonte (SYSTEMS. . . , 2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Figura 7 – Reta de regressão para PFC referente à Sprint 6. Fonte: Autor . 68 Figura 8 – Reta de regressão para SP referente à Sprint 6. Fonte: Autor . . 69 Figura 9 – Reta de regressão para PFC referente à Sprint 7. Fonte: Autor . 71 Figura 10 – Reta de regressão para SP referente à Sprint 7. Fonte: Autor . . 72 Figura 11 – Reta de regressão para PFC referente à Sprint 9. Fonte: Autor . 74 Figura 12 – Reta de regressão para SP referente à Sprint 9. Fonte: Autor . . 75 Figura 13 – Comparação entre resultados. Fonte: Autor . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Figura 14 – Reta de regressão final com pontos extremos removidos. Fonte: Autor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Figura 15 – Comparação entre resultados. Fonte: Autor . . . . . . . . . . . . 78


(A) A liquid crystal polyester resin composition containing at least a liquid crystalline polyester resin 100 parts by weight and (B) Talc 10 to 100 parts by weight, the in the composition (B) talc oil absorption (a1) ml / 100g and specific surface area (a2) m


This paper explores the process of superfinishing microfeatures utilizing electrochemical polishing techniques. The geometries considered for this study are prismatic protrusions that are used to cast microfluidic channels in plastic. Reducing the surface roughness of the microfeatures in the mold enhances the clarity and surface finish of the final cast. This paper studies the challenge of predicting and preventing the deformation of prismatic microfeatures on a bulk surface during electrochemical polishing. High surface area to volume ratios make microfeatures more prone to reacting and dissolving during the process compared to the rest of the part. A finite element model was created in COMSOL to predict the erosion of a microfeature array during electrochemical polishing. The input parameters were a 2-dimensional sketch of the cross-section of the part, voltage drop between the electrodes, gap distance between the electrodes, conductivity of the electrolyte solution, and the time allowed for the process. The results of the COMSOL model were then used to develop a statistical model to optimize polishing parameters to reduce surface roughness without damaging the microfeature array. The statistical model predicted deformation of the features in the X


WAVEFRONT-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) induces fewer higher-order aberrations than wavefrontguided LASIK, while the latter induces fewer higher order aberrations than conventional or optimised LASIK, suggest the preliminary results of two new studies presented at the XXIII Congress of the ESCRS. "In my practice, I employ wavefront guided technology in every patient that is eligible," said Steve Schallhorn MD, director of the Refractive Surgery Center at the Naval Medical Center in San Diego, California. In the first study, 58 patients received wavefront-guided PRK or wavefront-guided LASIK.The surgeons used the Amoils brush for the PRK treatments, and the Hansatome microkeratome or the IntraLase femtosecond laser for the LASIK procedures.They used the Fourier VISX Star S4/ WaveScan 3.62 system for both types of procedures, using an identical ablation profile with no nomogram adjustment. After three months, 91% in the PRK group and 88% in the LASIK group were within 0.50 dioptre of the intended treatment target. Moreover, 75% of the PRK treated eyes and 63% of the LASIK treated eyes were within 0.25 dioptre of the treatment goal. Three months after the procedure, 97 % of the LASIK group and 89% of the PRK group achieved an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20, and 95% of the LASIK eyes and 79% of the PRK eyes achieved an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/16. Half of the PRK eyes achieved 20/12.5 uncorrected visual acuity as did 35% of the LASIK-treated eyes. The average post-operative uncorrected acuity was better than the average best spectacle corrected acuity before surgery. This was true for both the PRK treated and the LASIK treated eyes. Both methods lead to a slight improvement in bestcorrected visual acuity and photopic low contrast acuity and no average loss of scotopic contrast acuity. While PRK and LASIK performed comparably in all of the above-mentioned areas, there was a significant difference between the two wavefrontguided treatments when it came to higher order aberrations. Wavefront-guided PRK induced significantly fewer higher order aberrations than LASIK.The difference was particularly noted when it came to coma aberrations. However, the difference in higher order aberrations could be due to the type of keratome the surgeons used, according to Dr Schallhorn. Dr Schallhorn considers his results preliminary, and he is planning on enrolling a larger number of subjects. In addition, the patients will be followed for twelve months after surgery to see if some continue to improve.


The analysis of effectiveness of nonpharmacological methods used for the treatment of alcoholism (according to literature) is presented. They are: transcranial electrical effects, percutaneous transcerebral electrostimulation, infrared laser, biofeedback, acupuncture, reflexotherapy brush-stop, the use of Skenar devices energy self-adaptive neuro-controller and a vibro-acoustic device Vitafon, hemosorption, enterosorption, hyperbaric oxygenation, autohemotransfusion irradiated ultraviolet rays of blood, very high frequency radiation, electrosleep, ultra high frequency. The effectiveness of all the methods was demonstrated. Every method has its benefits. Despite the great amount of research on the use of nonpharmacological methods in treatment of alcoholism there is no data concerning the effectiveness of the combined use of instrumental methods in literature. This leads to developing new ways of treatment in accordance with pathogenesis of the syndrom of alcoholic abstinence.


International migration and remittances from oil-exporting Gulf countries are important sources of employment, income and foreign exchange for Pakistan This study investigates the asymmetric impact of oil prices on remittances to Pakistan from GCC countries, over the period 1980 to 2018, by employing the recently advanced non-linear panel pooled mean group (PMG) model The findings show that oil prices and remittance are asymmetrically associated The increasing oil prices have a significant positive effect only in the long run, whereas reducing oil prices reveal a significant negative effect only in the short run Findings of other explanatory variables show that the economic condition in host countries, exchange rate, and trade relations have positive effects only in the long run, whereas the economic condition in the home country has significant negative effects in the long run and positive effect in the short run This study urges oil exporters to stabilise oil supply and prices, and Pakistan to enhance trade relations, exchange rate adjustments and financial development


Geometrically representable graphs are extensively studied area of research in contemporary literature due to their structural characterizations and efficient algorithms. The most frequently studied class of such graphs is the class of interval graphs. In this thesis we focus on two problems, generalizing the problem of recognition, for classes related to interval graphs. In the first part, we are concerned with adjusted interval graphs. This class has been studied as the right digraph analogue of interval graphs. For interval graphs, there are polynomial algorithms to extend a partial representation by given intervals into a full interval representation. We will introduce a similar problem — the partial ordering extension — and we will provide a polynomial algorithm to extend a partial ordering of adjusted interval digraphs. In the second part, we show two NP-completeness results regarding the simultaneous representation problem, introduced by Lubiw and Jampani. The simultaneous representation problem for a given class of intersection graphs asks if some k graphs can be represented so that every vertex is represented by the same object in each representation. We prove that it is NP-complete to decide this for the class of interval and circular-arc graphs in the case when k is a part of the input and graphs are not in sunflower position.


The Araris' site-specific and one-step linker conjugation technology aims at generating stable, safe and highly potent ADCs without the need for antibody engineering prior to payload conjugation. Here, we generated an anti-Nectin-4 ADC that shows superior activity to enfortumab-vedotin (Padcev®, EV) in head-to-head in vitro and in vivo studies. Based on enfortumab as the targeting antibody and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as payload, we generated within 24 hours highly homogeneous and pure ADCs with a drug-to antibody-ratio (DAR) of approximately 2 and above 98% monomeric content. In in vitro assays on target positive cell-lines, the Araris ADC demonstrated potent cell-cytotoxicity in the low nM-range similar to the approved enfortumab-vedotin which has a DAR of 4. Moreover, our ADC showed excellent stability in mouse, cynomolgus and human sera exemplified by the absence of payload deconjugation or linker cleavage while EV showed significant payload deconjugation during the 14d incubation period. Interestingly, despite the improved stability, the kinetics for MMAE release was comparable to EV in human Cathepsin B or human liver-lysosome (HLL) enzyme cleavage assays. Most importantly, the ADC was extremely stable in circulation as shown in pharmacokinetic studies in rodents, demonstrating an exposure profile comparable to the unmodified enfortumab parent antibody. There was no loss of payload during the 3 week study duration and the calculated half-life of the Araris ADC was approximately 10 days, which is more than 2-fold the half-life of EV. In efficacy studies using a SUM-190PT breast cancer model, a single injection at a dose of 10µg/kg normalized payload induced a complete tumor regression that lasted throughout the whole study duration of more than 100 days. EV administered at the same payload dose showed only a short and transient tumor regression with no animal (0/6) reaching a complete response with some tumor growth retardation until day 20. Our data impressively show that the Araris ADC has superior efficacy even at least 3x lower payload dose compared to EV which are normally needed to achieve complete tumor remission. The very high efficacy even at low dose levels combined with the high plasma stability offer the opportunity to develop an ADC having potentially lower dose-limiting toxicities such as peripheral neuropathy, skin toxicity or neutropenia.
 Citation Format: Isabella Attinger-Toller, Philipp Probst, Romain Bertrand, Ramona Stark, Roger Santimaria, Dragan Grabulovski, Bernd Schlereth, Philipp Spycher. Inducing complete and long-lasting tumor eradications at safe and well tolerated doses of a nectin-4 ADC generated with novel peptide linkers for payload conjugation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB174.


The implementation of pathogenic microorganism inspection work has a positive significance for the development of pharmaceuticals, food and other industries. It is precisely because of the existence of molecular biology technology that the reliability and accuracy of pathogenic microorganism inspection results can be better presented. This article summarizes the application advantages of molecular biology technology based on previous work experience. At the same time, this article discusses the application of molecular biology technology in pathogenic microorganism inspection from the application of polymerase chain reaction pathogenic microorganism inspection technology, biosensor pathogenic microorganism inspection technology, gene chip pathogenic microorganism inspection technology, accounting probe pathogenic microorganism inspection technology and PCR technology these five aspects.