A novel low-temperature sol-gel-based process has been developed for the synthesis of amorphous and crystalline powders in the Al-O-N system. The process involves reacting aluminum tri-sec-butoxide with anhydrous hydrazine using a solvent mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and chloroform (at60 °C) to result in solid precursors. The as-prepared precursors have been pyrolyzed in nitrogen and in anhydrous ammonia to yield amorphous and crystalline oxynitride or nitride powders. The powders have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and 27 Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy techniques. Results of the structural spectroscopic analyses conducted on the pyrolyzed powders obtained at 800 °C indicate the formation of an amorphous or nanocrystalline aluminum oxynitride containing Al bonded to O in buta-, penta-, and hexacoordination. Evidence is also presented suggesting the influence of hydrazine in facilitating replacement of the butoxy groups during heat treatment and creating molecular species containing Al-N linkages in the solid precursor. Continued heat treatment of these precursors in NH3 at 1300 °C leads to the formation of crystalline AlN. The role of hydrazine in the formation of the nitride was also verified by conducting the reaction using controlled amounts of deionized (DI) water. The addition of water competes with the nitridation ability of hydrazine leading to the formation of either oxides or oxynitrides of aluminum. The approaches thus developed demonstrate the potential and flexibility of alkoxides for synthesizing precursors that lead to either single phase of AlN or molecularly mixed composites of Al2O3, AlON, and AlN, in the Al-O-N system.


We marked before that symbolic activity as characteristic of archaic form of Homo sapiens sapiens are looking correctly in archaeological context of the complexes of Early Upper Paleolithic stage in Eurasia. Recently in Siberia a series of the investigations of symbolical activity of the Men during an epoch of an early stage of the Upper Paleolithic is made. The offered publication acquaints the reader with the rare samples of the archaeological samples has been found out at excavation of a multilayered of Khotyk site in the Western Transbaikalia. The special attention is given the analysis of unique manufacturing techniques and ornamentation of the series of artifacts. There are beads, C imagery forms, rings, pendants so on. Technology of produced of the personal decorative objects demonstrates establish, different modification and kind of developing soft stones.


During the design of the composite foundation, the design theory of controlling deformation is more reasonable than that of controlling bearing capacity. ANSYS program on FEM was used to analyze the transmission pattern of load, the characteristics of settlement and influence factors of CFG Pile composite foundation in this paper. As a result, the method and measures of reducing the settlement of composite foundation are obtained, which can provide useful reference for engineering design.


Aiming to the application of MCFC(molten carbonate fuel cell) system, for improving the energy efficiency of entire system, a methane steam reforming was established to evaluate various operating conditions. Since the reactions are strongly endothermic, the heat is supplied by the fuel-cell stacks. Operating parameters such as temperature, steam/carbon ratio and space velocity were investigated in detail. It could be concluded that output gas will optimize the MCFC operating performance with the operating conditions of temperature 675℃, steam/carbon ratio 6, space velocity 403h~(-1), pressure 0.3MPa.


Schisandra chinensis have been traditionally used in Asia for the treatment of dyspnea, cough, mouth dryness, spontaneous diaphoresis, nocturnal diaphoresis, nocturnal emission, dysentery, insomnia and amnesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by ROS in non cellular and cellular system. DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay were used to measure the antioxidant activities. Phi X-174RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect on oxidative DNA damage. MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were used for evaluating the protective effect on oxidative cell damage. It was found to scavenge DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical and it inhibited oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by hydroxyl radical. These data indicate that Schisandra chinensis possesses a spectrum of antioxidant and DNA-protective properties


The concept of a digital ecosystem (DE) has been used to explore scenarios in which multiple online services and resources can be accessed by users without there being a single point of control, which can be used to effectively serialise their interactions. We argue in this paper that this weak coupling between services places additional demands on the modelling of compensation and recovery management in long-running transactions over traditional SOC related formalisms. We describe an adaptation of Shields' vector languages, in that the synchronisation constraint is removed (no shared actions), as a formal semantics for a transaction in terms of the common ordering constraints on the underlying interactions between its participants. The notation afforded by the so-called transaction languages captures the invocations on each participant service (online resource), and at each point during execution, across the whole transaction. Concurrency is modelled explicitly through a notion of independence, which is lifted onto tuples of sequences (one for each participant of the transaction) rather than individual sequences, as in Mazurkiewicz trace languages or events, as in the event structures model. Participating subcomponents execute concurrently and failure of one or more causes the recovery of the whole transaction. Compensations are triggered immediately upon failure and concurrent forward actions are compensated concurrently. We highlight the benefits of our true-concurrent approach in the context of DEs and outline connections of transaction languages to other partial order models. Further, we discuss how our approach supports forward recovery in that recovering the whole transaction is avoided wherever possible.


In this work, we report the results of ferromagnetic resonance investigations for CoSm/Fe exchange magnetic films. As a result, angular dependence of the FMR spectra for out-of-plane measurements is not symmetric with respect to the film plane. A very strong exchange coupling has been observed between the hard and soft layers, as well.


In November 2021, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP26) met in Glasgow, UK, to deliver on the ambitions set out in the Paris Agreement. The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) worked with its regional member countries of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region to ensure mountain voices were heard at COP26. To do so, we launched the HKH2Glasgow campaign. The aim of the campaign was to (1) promote ambitious climate action for the HKH at COP26 and (2) launch a framework to scale up investment in mountain-specific climate priorities.


Background and Purpose: It is well known that exposure to UV radiation can be harmful for human health. UV exposure is often related to professional occupation. Methods and Materials: Data from Croatian Referral Center for melanoma were analyzed to find out whether the incidence of melanoma was related to the occupation. Results: Our results show almost the same incidence of melanoma between people with university diploma and people with high school diploma even thought results are insufficient and certain conclusion cannot be made. Conclusions: Cumulative UVR known as a main environmental agent has not yet been proven as a role in developing melanoma.


The authors derive criteria for ranking income distributions where households differ in equity-relevant nonincome characteristics ('needs'), using methods that do not require cardinal specifications of equivalence scales. They consider comparisons for situations where the distributions of needs differ (e.g., cross-nationally or intertemporally), building on the results of A. B. Atkinson and F. Bourguignon (1987) and A. B. Atkinson (1992). The modifications required when the individual rather than the household is the income-receiving unit are also discussed. The authors illustrate the methods with an analysis of changes in social welfare and poverty in the United Kingdom between 1981 and 1986. Copyright 1993 by The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.


Objectives: We sought to determine whether low-income and minority populations in the Southeast face barriers to access to occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) services. Methods: Access to OEM services was defined as the presence of an OEM physician in a county or the proximity of a clinic in the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics network to a county. Results: Counties with higher percentages of low-income, all non-white minority, and African-American populations in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi were more likely to be farther away from an AOEC clinic. Counties with higher percentages of low-income populations were less likely to have an OEM physician. However, the percentages of minority and African-American populations in these counties were not associated with the presence of an OEM physician. Conclusion: Both low-income and minority populations in the Southeast face barriers to OEM services.


In the photochemical reducton of U(Ⅵ) to produce U(Ⅳ) in the organic phase, production of degradation products and their effects on extraction are investigated. The results show that main degradation products of TBP-kerosene consist of compounds such as DBP and MBP,carbonyl compounds and nitro compounds. The yields of these products are a function of composition and tem-perature of the solation.The extraction properties are compared between the recovered extractant and the fresh extractant. It is shown that these two ex-tractauts have no significant difference.


This study aims to obtain attack evidence and reconstruct commonly used address resolution protocol attacks as a first step to launch a moderately malicious attack. MiTM and DoS are the initiations of ARP spoofing attacks that are used as a follow-up attack from ARP spoofing. The impact is quite severe, ranging from data theft and denial of service to crippling network infrastructure systems. In this study, data collection was conducted by launching an test attack against a real network infrastructure involving 27 computers, one router, and four switches. This study uses a Mikrotik router by building a firewall to generate log files and uses the Tazmen Sniffer Protocol, which is sent to a syslog-ng computer in a different virtual domain in a local area network. The Trigger, Acquire, Analysis, Report, Action method is used in network forensic investigations by utilising Wireshark and network miners to analyze network traffic during attacks. The results of this network forensics obtain evidence that there have been eight attacks with detailed information on when there was an attack on the media access control address and internet protocol address, both from the attacker and the victim. However, attacks carried out with the KickThemOut tool can provide further information about the attacker's details through a number of settings, in particular using the Gratuitous ARP and ICMP protocols.


Sexual workers are one of risk the cervical cancer has a long latent period. Cervical cancer is the main cancer in Southeast Asia and the second most common cancer in Indonesia. In addition, Indonesia is the second common country cause of death in women after Vietnam. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic profile and cervical cytology in Female Sexual Workers (FWSs) at Primary Health Care Bestari, Medan-Petisah, North Sumatera. This study has recruited 70 FWSs who has worked for at least 2 years and are not pregnant. Participants fill out the questionnaires include age of participants, age at first sexual intercouse, and life styles (smoking of cigarette and consumption of alcohol). Pap smear test from cervical smear of 70 FWSs were conducted using Papanicolaou staining. The result showed most of the FWSs of sexually-active women less than 30 years old reported 54,28% and 45,72% more than 30 years old. The first sexual intercourse showed 18-20 years old as much as 54,29%, life styles of smoking and consumption alcohol was 51,4% and 10% respectively. Pap smear cytology showed 52,9% was inflammatory smear, 15,7% was A squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), 11,4% was Low-grade Squamous Intra epithelial Lesions (LSIL). Most of FWSs described inflammatory smear, although a small portion had been found of ASCUS and LSIL. The chronic inflammation can develop to be carcinogenesis.


The specific expression of ADSL gene in 8 different tissues of Shouguang chicken was investigated by RT-PCR and RACE in this study.The fusion expression vector pGEX-ADSL was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),positive cloning screened,induced and expressed by IPTG.Eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-ADSL was transfected into Shouguang chicken fibroblast cells using lipofectin method.The results of sequences analysis showed that the open reading frame of 1 455 nucleotides encode a protein of 485 amino acids;The promoter of chicken ADSL cDNA showed typical features of house keeping genes,there was a C-28T mutation which caused the site mutate to NRF-2 binding site.The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis results showed that there were specific bands,about 80.5 ku and an isoelectric point of 6.79,and Western-blot analysis showed that the fused protein was ADSL.After transfection 24,48 and 72 h,transfection rate of pEGFP-ADSL were between 26.4%-41.2%,and green fluorescent could be observed in cytoplasm and nucleus well-distributed except cryptomere vesicle.Both of RT-PCR and Western-blot confirmed that the pEGFP-ADSL had been integrated into the Shouguang chicken fibroblast cell genome,and accessed to the normal fusion protein expression.This research revealed the ADSL gene structure of excellent native chickens of China,established the foundation for further research with its biological function.


A three-dimensional phase-Doppler anemometer is applied to suspensions agitated by a pitched-blade turbine in a cylindrical, flat-bottomed, baffled tank. The complete local, instantaneous, three-dimensional velocity vector of the fluid and of suspended process particles, are determined simultaneously. Measurements have been carried out at a limited number of locations, in order to examine the spatial variation of flow and turbulence characteristics, and of process particle behaviour and concentration. It is found that the turbulence in the bulk of the tank is not entirely isotropic. The difference in magnitude and direction of the mean velocity of the fluid and of the process particles, is usually small. Differences in the root-mean-square value of the fluctuating velocities of the two phases can only be observed in the discharge flow of the impeller. The resultant, three-dimensional, turbulence length macro scale varies almost by a factor of two, the energy dissipation rate by a factor of 18 and the process particle concentration by a factor of three. Low frequency, decaying oscillations in the autocorrelation coefficient have been recorded out in the bulk of the tank.


Anxiety among house officers may impair functioning and health care delivery. This study aimed to determine the association between anxiety among house officers at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, sociodemographic and work‐related factors.


After 1400 hours salt spray corrosion,surface topography,interface structure and chemical compositions of Q235 clad plate coated by three layers with zinc-rich epoxy coating and epoxy micaceous iron oxide coating and acrylic polyurethane coating have been analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDX).Experimental results show:after salt spray corrosion test the coating thickness of Q235 clad plate increases;Q235 matrix has been eroded by salt spray and the loose flake corrosion products is formed in the surface prefabricating scratch;the bonding forces are very good between the coating and Q235 matrix and among the coating layers;the middle coating layer and the finishing coating layer are of high anti-penetrating quality.


Tri Darma college covers, education, research and community service. The three components are interrelated with each other in supporting the success of teaching and learning in higher education. There are several factors to support teaching and learning activities, such as faculty-student ratio, frequency of attendance of lecturers in teaching and students in receiving lectures, as well as things that are non-technical.
This research was conducted at the College of Informatics and Computer Management (STMIK) Profesional Makassar for year 2016 in Studies Program Information System, Information Management, Computer Engineering and Computerized Accounting
Results showed overall good for the classroom theory and practical classes can be stated that the achievement of the highest number there on the course following the Computerized Accounting Information Management, Information Systems and lowest achievement is a program of study Computer Engineering. Their GPA for 7 semesters students from years 2012-2015 for Computerized Accounting Studies Program higher than that of the three other courses. Second-placed highest on the course for Information Management, Information System and the average low is IPS Computer Engineering study program.

Keywords : evaluation, teaching and learning, the number of faculty meetings, their GPA.


In the first part of this research, in terms of communication processes, two ways of celebrating the carnival in Paraguay are analyzed: the urban festivities and the indigenous celebration with the Guarani ritual of the Chaco. It covers the analysis of the amorphous styles of festivities in the main urban concentrations and departmental heads of the country, in contrast to what has a religious and pagan celebration in a Chiriguano community in the Paraguayan Chaco, a community that Is part of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic family.


As part of the process of automatically guiding an aircraft, we have been successful in using stable inversion to compute a desired bounded state trajectory and corresponding bounded control. In addition to this feedforward control, we must also construct a regulator to address modeling errors and disturbances. With respect to modeling errors we find that the stable inversion procedures used are so accurate that the regulator can assume a simple form, say a linear regulator about the desired trajectory. We report preliminary results on continuous dependence of stable inversion under parameter variations.


The purpose of this essay is in order to reinterpret≪Out of a doll house≫of Chae man-sik`s novel. Chae man-sik places the feminist novel in the ethical position of feminity. This essay is trying to reinterpret, by analyzing the protagonist in more detail, the social position of No-ra and the failure of this novel which have often been pointed out as intellectual limitations. Therefore, one of the goals of this essay is to find out No-ra's 'the success of the failure' which she gets through 'persisting' in doing things despite all the impossible situations that surround her. And another goal is to explore and reveal the structure of this novel which shows clearly the ethicality of No-ra.


The reductionist/holist debate seems an impoverished one, with many participants appearing to adopt a position first and constructing rationalisations second. Here I propose an intermediate position of pragmatic holism, that irrespective of whether all natural systems are theoretically reducible, for many systems it is completely impractical to attempt such a reduction, also that regardless if whether irreducible 'wholes' exist, it is vain to try and prove this in absolute terms. This position thus illuminates the debate along new pragmatic lines, and refocusses attention on the underlying heuristics of learning about the


This study examined the influence of home environment on students' academic performance in the selected secondary schools. The areas of concentration were parents and students, social demographic factors, and other related factors. The research design used to collect data was descriptive survey, which employed questionnaires in collecting relevant data for the study. The sample size was one hundred and sixty (160) respondents (students), where forty (40) students were randomly selected from each selected secondary school. The findings revealed that there was no direct relationship between home environment and students academic performance in schools. The results shown the following percentages: tuition fee 71.9%, demographic factors 70.7%, and other factors including teaching and learning materials, infrastructure, home structures, electricity, peer group, home mass media and location had an average of 64.7% thus making the tuition fee the leading factor. The researcher therefore recommended that the Ministry of Educational and Vocational Training should educate parents, teachers, and society (community) to analyze the influence of home environment on students' academic performance and to find the ways to overcome those challenges for the betterment of students academic performance in secondary schools.


Monocyte adhesion to the endothelium plays a central role in the progression of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examines whether VD supplementation is beneficial in preventing endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. HUVEC were treated with 1, 25‐(OH)2‐D3 (0‐25nM, 24h) and later exposed to the ketone body acetoacetate (AA, 4mM) or high glucose (HG, 25mM) for 24h. There was an increase in ROS, ICAM‐1 expression, and monocyte adhesion in HUVEC treated with AA or HG. VD (25nM) supplementation significantly lowered ROS (41%, p<0.05), ICAM‐1 (73%, p=0.05) and p‐NFκB expression (50%, p<0.05), and IL‐8 (16%, p=0.05) and MCP‐1 (41.2%, p<0.001) secretion along with monocyte adhesion (37.5%, p=0.05) in AA treated HUVEC. VD had a similar beneficial effect on HG treated HUVEC. Interestingly, we also saw an upregulation in GSH and GCLC with VD. We hypothesize that the beneficial effect of VD is mediated by the upregulation of GCLC and GSH, a potential antioxidant. To explore this idea, we knocked down GCLC using siRNA. Results show that beneficial effect of VD was abolished on ketone‐ or HG‐induced ICAM‐1 in GCLC knockdown cells. This suggests that VD mediates its beneficial effects via the upregulation of GCLC. This study provides the biochemical mechanism through which VD can lower ROS, ICAM‐1 expression, monocyte‐endothelial adhesion, and thereby lower the risk of CVD in diabetes.


Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that gives a measure of the diffusion characteristics of water in biological tissues, notably, in the brain. The hindrances that the microscopic cellular structure poses to water diffusion are statistically aggregated into the measurable macroscopic dMRI signal. Inferring the microscopic structure of the tissue from the dMRI signal allows one to detect pathological regions and to monitor functional properties of the brain. For this purpose, one needs a clearer understanding of the relation between the tissue microstructure and the dMRI signal. This requires novel numerical tools capable of simulating the dMRI signal arising from complex microscopic geometrical models of tissues. We propose such a numerical method based on linear finite elements that allows for a more accurate description of complex geometries. The finite elements discretization is coupled to the adaptive Runge-Kutta Chebyshev time stepping method. This method, which leads to the second order convergence in both time and space, is implemented on FeniCS C++ platform. We also use the mesh generator Salome to work efficiently with multiple-compartment and periodic geometries. Four applications of the method for studying the dMRI signal inside multi-compartment models are considered. In the first application, we investigate the long-time asymptotic behavior of the dMRI signal and show the convergence of the apparent diffusion coefficient to the effective diffusion tensor computed by homogenization. The second application aims to numerically verify that a two-compartment model of cells accurately approximates the three-compartment model, in which the interior cellular compartment and the extracellular space are separated by a finite thickness membrane compartment. The third application consists in validating the macroscopic Karger model of dMRI signals that takes into account compartmental exchange. The last application focuses on the dMRI signal arising from isolated neurons. We propose an efficient one-dimensional model for accurately computing the dMRI signal inside neurite networks in which the neurites may have different radii. We also test the validity of a semi-analytical expression for the dMRI signal arising from neurite networks.


Gendered employment distribution in different occupations is a significant dimension of the gender equality.It is the most generic indicator of female economic disadvantage. Even though women have made substantial progress in economic sphere recently,sex segregation in the workplace remains a fact. Taking the importance of the research on industrial variation in occupational sex segregation as a case in point, this paper contributes to the study of occupational segregation by using a refined occupational classification while analytically studying the factors that shape occupational sex segregation in Sri Lankan labor market.


There is some uncertainty regarding the applicability of the usual stability criteria to ships having extreme hull form parameters and to large ships. Model tests on safety against capsizing, mainly in following seas, have been performed on four hull forms, each at three draughts; three of the hull forms were those of existing ships while the fourth was taken from a systematic model series of broad-beamed ships. As expected, the stability parameters at the boundary between safe and unsafe conditions showed considerable scatter, but it was found possible to reduce this considerably by introducing a hull-form dependent weighting factor. It is suggested that it would be possible to establish new stability criteria prescribing limiting values for certain weighted parameters; the limiting values concerned could be determined by a statistical analysis of the stability data of ships currently in service, and average values of these weighted values as derived from the experiments and from a statistical analysis, and proposed limiting values based on these, are tabulated.


A reconfigurable Sagnac reflectometer to use as a tunable mirror has been modelled, designed and tested. It has been described mathematically for their ideal theoretical analysis and the Mach-Zehnder has been compared with Sagnac reflectometers. Furthermore, a photonic integrated circuit has been designed for the test of the different structures in a nitride platform. Some results have been obtained from the fabricated circuit, verifying with the theory the right operation of the active measurements.


Studies into drug combination at low doses are a promising approach to the management of pain and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-edema and anti-hyperalgesic effects of a combination of diclofenac and andrographolide. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were first treated with diclofenac or andrographolide alone (3–100 mg/kg), as well as a combination of the 2 drugs. Carrageenan was then injected into the right hind paw of rats, and changes in paw volume and sensitivity to mechanical (von Frey) and thermal (Hargreaves test) stimuli measured. Results showed drug combination produced synergistic effects at reducing paw edema especially at lower doses, with a Loewe synergy score of 13.02 ± 8.75 in SynergyFinder and a combination index of .41 ± .18 after isobolographic analysis. Again synergy scores for decreasing response to 1.0 and 3.6 g force application of von Frey filaments after drug combination were 10.127 ± 5.68 and 8.554 ± 6.53, respectively, in SynergyFinder. Synergistic effects were also seen after drug combination in the Hargreaves test with a synergy score of 5.136 ± 16.38. In conclusion, combination of diclofenac with andrographolide showed better pharmacologic effects after carrageenan injection and was more synergistic at low-dose combinations.


In a hybrid microwave integrated circuit comprising a field effect transistor (7) and a LC resonant circuit (3, 4), the resonant circuit is placed on a substrate (2) having a smooth surface which ensures dimensional accuracy in a range of a few microns for the inductor (3) when formed on the substrate. This substrate (1) is then mounted in a substrate (1) transmitting high frequency signals, or buried therein. This reduces the frequency of variation of the LC resonant circuit, which reduces degradation of characteristics such as the performance and output power. The size and cost of the complete circuit are also reduced due to the reduction in the size of the resonant circuit.


Background  Current orthodoxy suggests that patients need to be provided with full information about their care and that treatment options should be discussed with patients and family members. This imperative is especially challenging when there is a lack of consensus about treatment effectiveness and equivocacy over different types of interventions. In the case of prostate cancer, evidence is contested as to the efficacy of different treatments. Thus, involving patients and their family members in treatment choices is complex and little is known about how patients and their partners process these decisions when there is uncertainty about different outcomes. This paper has reviewed the literature on the way couples approach such decision making in relation to treatment for prostate cancer.


Historians of science have long believed that Abraham Trembley's celebrity and impact were attributable chiefly to the incredible regenerative phenomena demonstrated by the polyp, which he discovered in 1744, and to the new experimental method he devised to investigate them. This essay shows that experimental method alone cannot account for Trembley's success and influence; nor are the marvels of the polyp sufficient to explain its scientific and cultural impact. Experimental method was but one element in a new conception of the laboratory that called for both experimental and para‐experimental skills whose public availability depended on a new style of communication. The strategy of generosity that led Trembley to dispatch polyps everywhere enabled experimental naturalist laboratories to spread throughout Europe, and the free circulation of living objects for scientific research led practitioners to establish an experimental field distinct from mechanical physics. Scholars reacted to the marvels of the polyp by strengthening the boundaries between the public and academic spheres and, in consequence, opened a space for new standards in both scientific work and the production of celebrity. … comme l'Auteur de l'Histoire des Polypes, il a passé de plein vol à l'immortalité. —Julien Offrey de La Mettrie (1751) … comme l'Auteur de l'Histoire des Polypes, il a passé de plein vol à l'immortalité. —Julien Offrey de La Mettrie (1751)


With the purpose of investigating seasonal changes of control of breathing the monthly research of the respiratory centre sensitivity and the pattern of breathing was carried out in 31 healthy persons. The respiratory response to hypercapnia was estimated on ventilatory reaction and mouth pressure after 0,1 s from the onset of an occluded inspiration. Obtained results suggested, that healthy people had a seasonal rhythm of the control of breathing, which consists in decrease of hypercapnic responsiveness in a cold period of year accompanied by isoventilatory reorganization of the pattern of breathing with increase of tidal volume and decrease of respiratory rate.


In agricultural low-carbon transformation, China are encountering technique and regime lock-in constraints, the consequent triggered path-dependence and lock-in effects have inhibited technological innovation and institutional transformation in agriculture, thus seriously hindered transformation of modern agriculture. This thesis introduced the TIC structure model of "Technique–Regime Complex" into China's agricultural development, made the deep analysis of intrinsic, extrinsic and coupling motivation mechanisms from perspectives of technical and institutional economics, and designed the agricultural low-carbon transforming path based on evolutionary economics point. Based on practical investigation and research, we proposed that the implementation of induced agricultural technique vicissitude and mandatory agricultural regime vicissitude, were the pivotal paths to resolve agricultural technique and regime lock-in constraints. Our research has provided the scientific and applicable governing recommendations for agricultural low-carbon transformation.


In this paper, we present a performance evaluation for face recognition algorithm using feature feedback according to the number of Fisherfaces and number of features. In the face recognition method using feature feedback, important region is extracted from original data set by using the reverse mapping from the extracted features to the original space. Because the recognition rate depends on the number of Fisherfaces, threshold value, and the number of features in feature feedback, performance evaluation should be given for the usage of the feature feedback. We evaluate the performance of feature feedback according to the number of Fisherfaces and the number of features for Yale data and CMU data. The experimental results show that the proposed method works well.


[ 1 ] To test whether plant species influence greenhouse gas production in diverse ecosystems, we measured wet season soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes close to ∼ 300 large (>35 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH)) trees of 15 species at three clay ‐ rich forest sites in central Amazonia. We found that soil CO 2 fluxes were 38% higher near large trees than at control sites >10 m away from any tree ( P < 0.0001). After adjusting for large tree presence, a multiple linear regression of soil temperature, bulk density, and liana DBH explained 19% of remaining CO 2 flux variability. Soil N 2 O fluxes adjacent to Caryocar villosum , Lecythis lurida , Schefflera morototoni , and Manilkara huberi were 84% − 196% greater than Erisma uncinatum and Vochysia maxima , both Vochysiaceae. Tree species identity was the most important explanatory factor for N 2 O fluxes, accounting for more than twice the N 2 O flux variability as all other factors combined. Two observations suggest a mechanism for this finding: (1) sugar addition increased N 2 O fluxes near C. villosum twice as much ( P < 0.05) as near Vochysiaceae and (2) species mean N 2 O fluxes were strongly negatively correlated with tree growth rate ( P = 0.002). These observations imply that through enhanced belowground carbon allocation liana and tree species can stimulate soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes (by enhancing denitrification when carbon limits microbial metabolism). Alternatively, low N 2 O fluxes potentially result from strong competition of tree species with microbes for nutrients. Species ‐ specific patterns in CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes demonstrate that plant species can influence soil biogeochemical


This thesis describes what are the possibilities of sustainability and duration of IT support for the needs of the fire brigade of the Zlin region during the long term power cut. Legal framework is also defined here concerning electricity supply, occurrence of the so called black out, its causes and consequences. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with blackouts that have been recorded abroad and local blackouts as a result of electricity supply cuts in the Czech Republic. It also describes IT support for the fire brigades of the Czech Republic as a whole and how the information is transferred down to the individual units of the fire brigade in Zlin region. The practical part of this thesis indicates a solution of the usage of the alternative sources and where some specialists of the "What if" method answer questions concerning what is the lapse of the functioning of the information support. The result of the practical part of work is recommendation of the set-up of the amount of the right alternative sources of the electrical supply for fire stations of Zlin region.


Madagascar experienced environmental change during the Late-Holocene, and the relative importance of climatic and anthropogenic drivers is still the subject of an ongoing debate. Using palaeoecological records from the southwest region at Lake Longiza, we provide additional records to elucidate the complex history of the island and to identify the changes that occurred in the tropical dry forest during the Late-Holocene. The data showed vegetation changes associated with climate variability until AD 900 as reflected by the variation in grass, dry-adapted taxa, deciduous trees, and isotope records. An increasing effect of human activities was recorded, indicated by increased coprophilous spore concentration, as a result of a shift from foraging to pastoralism leading to further opening of the ecosystem from AD 980. At the same time, the regional palaeoclimate record showed drier conditions from around AD 1000, which could have accentuated the changes in vegetation structure. More open vegetation was likely maintained by increased use of fire and herbivory around the area, as indicated by the multiple peaks in the charcoal and spore records. Since AD 1900, the pollen record from the southwest region showed that the ecosystem became increasingly open with an increased abundance of grass, pioneer taxa, and reduced diversity, which was linked to a simultaneous effect of climate and agropastoralism activities. Our study suggests that the dry conditions around AD 950 initiated the replacement of forest-dominant vegetation with grass-dominant communities over the last millennium, depicted as an open ecosystem at present. Subsequent changes in subsistence activities would have further maintained an open-structured ecosystem.


Local government

Gordon Hughes and Stephen Smith

Many OECD countries are uncomfortable with the structure and financing of their decentralized governments. In some, the pressures for change have even led to tax revolts. Much of the existing economic literature on decentralization considers that the purpose of local governments is to decentralize decisions. Lower tiers of government are assigned local public goods and matching taxes. This contrasts with actual arrangements. The patterns of government decentralization in OECD countries are diverse. Most local governments in Europe actually perform a major administrative role, in effect acting as agents for the central government. While this is justified by the advantages that local governments have over central governments in terms of information and control by voters, such arrangements require large financial resources, and more control by central government than where local governments simply provide local public goods. A drawback is the potential for conflict between different tiers of government. The trend towards more decentralization, common to most countries, has had to be met by more taxation or more grants. The need for revenue has encouraged a move away from property taxes to broader-based local taxes. Tax-sharing arrangements have often been under-rated, but in practice they compare favourably with complex and discretionary systems of transfers between levels of government.


American Idol After Iraq: Competing for Hearts and Minds in the Global Media Age. Nathan Gardels and Mike Medavoy. Chichester, UK: WileyBlackwell, 2009. 170 pp. 24.95 pbk. The Media Were American: U.S. Mass Media in Decline. Jeremy Tunstall. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2008. 480 pp. $49.95 pbk. Both these books deal with the decline in global influence of American mass media, one focusing on what its authors call "soft power" of media (entertainment), the other on what we might term "hard power" (news and opinion). For Nathan Gardels and Mike Medavoy, the decline in influence of "soft" media was caused almost entirely and simply by the policies followed during the Bush Administration in the first eight years of the new century. In Jeremy Tunstall's book, revisiting his 1977 work that argued that the world media are American, the diminishment of America's "hard" media is described in far more detail and nuance. Gardels is an international editor with the Los Angeles Times Syndicate; Medavoy is chairman of Phoenix Pictures. They are both American, but their book was published in the United Kingdom. Tunstall is a widely published British media sociologist whose book was produced in the United States. Gardels /Medavoy use "Hollywood" as their main prism, by which they mean the commercial and professional production of American popular culture for mass distribution, primarily focusing on filmTV-video. They point out that America's popular culture still enjoys unprecedented success abroad. In 2008, U.S. films earned $17 billion in foreign sales, compared to $9.6 billion at home. They write that between 1986 and 2000, American entertainment exports increased 426%. Despite the global appetite for American popular media, Gardels/Medavoy write, "Anyone who thinks a trust has not been broken between America and the world is also not reading the figures right. The new U.S. president clearly has his work cut out for him." They quote Joyce Carol Oates, who wrote in a 2007 Atlantic essay that the rest of the world has come to see "the American idea" as a "cruel joke." It would be a mistake, they write, "to see popular ticket sales and prolific pirating of films ... as synonymous with pro-Americanism. Hollywood films may well entertain, amuse, lift people out of their own circumstances, and let them imagine another world, but that doesn't at all mean they embrace the world they see on the screen." The key themes in their book are (1) Future conflicts will be about contending values created by media; (2) Power lies with the image; (3) American popular culture is as much a world player as America's foreign policy; (4) Competing for hearts and minds is crucial; (5) While liberty is one of America's strongest values, we cannot guarantee the acceptance of that value elsewhere; and (6) American popular culture manufacturers need to understand that they are educating as well as entertaining. …


The effect of seven commercial neem products (Margocide - 0.15% azadirachtin, Neem Gold - 0.15% azadirachtin, Neemark - 0.03% azadirachtin, Achook - 0.03% azadiradione, nimbocinol and epinimbocinol, Nimbicidine - 0.03% azadirachtin, Neemta 2100-0.15% azadirachtin and Field Marshal - 0.3% azadirachtin) at 10thin000, 1000 and 100 ppm with water or alcohol extracts of neem bark, neem leaves (dried) or neem cake (4 and 2%) was studied on the growth of Beauveria bassiana. Commercial formulations exhibited varying effects on the growth of B. bassiana ranging from inhibitory or neutral to stimulatory. It was concluded that Achook, Field Marshal, Margocide, Nimbicidine, neem cake and alcohol or water extracts of neem leaves can be used in combination withB. bassiana as part of an IPM strategy against selected pest species.


The most important stages that, starting from 1945, have made the history of air-conditioning systems in Italy are gathered in a series of articles. The fundamental technological and scientific reasons which fostered its evolution are analysed, together with socio-economical factors. Among the themes examined in this issue we have ancient origins and first modern technologies, the first centrifugal fans, the separation between system companies and equipment manufacturing companies and automatic regulation in Italy.


Laser zone texture technology is widely used to enhance the tribological performance of high areal density media. A review of laser texture design approaches with stiction modeling and contact stress analysis is presented. Criteria developed for optimizing sombrero and crater bump designs for NiP/Al substrates and spherical bump designs for glass and glass-ceramic substrates are introduced. Manufacturability issues in maintaining bump height control for both NiP/Al and alternative substrates are presented. The extendibility of laser texture technology to meet the requirements of magnetic designs in excess of 10 Gb/in/sup 2/ is discussed.


The findings of the histological study of the human temporomandibular joint confirm that the cranium and the lower jaw are joined by two temporomandibular articular complexes (one on the left and anot


Discloses a system for providing security services, methods, and machine-readable media. The method includes modifying the received application object code to allow a software application sends a request to the security service; corresponding application object code in the modified software application retrieves from the memory; receiving a security code from the modified application object via a processor requesting a service; and providing security services via a processor. Discloses a system and performs operation of the machine readable medium according to said method.


A compact wideband fractal loop-dipole composite antenna is presented. By introducing a Koch fractal structure, the antenna's size can be reduced while maintaining good pulse fidelity. It is demonstrated that an impedance bandwidth from 2.86 to 11.23GHz for |S11| lower than -10dB could be obtained. Furthermore, stable radiation pattern and pulse fidelity of 0.75 could be achieved in the same bandwidth.


This article considers the ways in which Elizabeth Bishop employs the love poem throughout her career as a means of both accepting and postponing thoughts of death. In the process, Bishop is revealed to be a much more joyful and sensual poet than has previously been acknowledged. The article also looks at the role Bishop's Brazilian lover, Lota de Macedo Soares, played in the development of her aesthetic in the 1950s.


Increasing concern has been expressed about the pernicious effects of hypertension on a wide variety of physiologic processes. Most of the interest has focused upon the mechanisms of the disease, identification of subjects with hypertension, and evaluation of methods of control of high blood pressure to prevent its complications. The efficacy of drug treatment for individuals with severe fixed primary hypertension is widely appreciated; that for mild hypertension remains controversial. Most of the interest in hypertension to date has been related to the adult population. Blood-pressure control in children and its implications for the development of overt manifestations when the child becomes an adult is a subject that merits consideration in depth. Therapy is available capable of controlling the hypertensive state-cure has not been achieved. The ultimate goal is prevention. There is general acceptance of the concept that hypertension in the adult has its roots in childhood. New knowledge needs to be accumulated in order to identify the prehypertensive state early in human development so that efforts can be directed toward altering the natural history and possibly preventing the disease. To achieve these goals it is necessary to understand the processes regulating blood-pressure control in childhood and the factors disturbing these regulatory processes. To this end the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute appointed a Task Force to review the state-of-the-art and to identify gaps in our knowledge conducive to solution through further research efforts. The report of the deliberations of this Task Force is completed and was published in Pediatrics in May 1977.' The Task Force was continually cognizant of the relatively large number of gaps in knowledge and of the rapid accumulation of new knowledge being made available so that their recommendations will need to be modified in the very near future. I t is abundantly clear that alterations in the mechanisms controlling blood pressure result from a variety of environmental factors acting on genetically susceptible individuals, not unlike the observations in experimental animals. Identification in early life of genetically susceptible individuals is a problem of new and high priority. Questions regarding the prevalence of hypertension in childhood or the relative frequency of primary versus secondary hypertension would seem to be more easily resolved. Prevalence of hypertension depends upon definition-an arbitrary decision in both the child and adult. Some authorities suggest that individuals with blood pressure above the 95th percentile of the normal distribution curve for age and sex be considered hypertensive; others suggest the 90th percentile. Prevalence obviously depends on the cutoff point chosen. Whether or not hypertension in childhood is invariably due to an identifiable cause is important in the clinical management of a child. There is evidence that the younger the child and more severe the hypertension, the greater the likelihood that an identifiable cause can be uncovered. However, an


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to biotechnology. There are described pharmaceutical compositions for treating ophthalmic diseases associated with pathological abnormalities/changes of visual tissues, especially associated with amyloid-beta related pathological abnormalities/changes of the visual tissues, containing antibodies specifically recognising and binding specific epitopes from the range of β-amyloid proteins. There are also presented methods for reducing the load/plaque count in the retinal gangliocyte layer in a mammal suffering from an analogous ophthalmic disease. Besides, there are presented a method for reducing the total amount of soluble amyloid-β in the mammalian retinal gangliocyte layer, a method for preventing manifestations of the analogous ophthalmic disease, a method of treating or relieving the manifestations of the analogous ophthalmic disease. A method for maintaining or reducing an ocular tension in an animal suffering from the analogous ophthalmic disease. All the methods involve administering the described composition. EFFECT: invention extends the methods and compositions for diagnosing and treating the amyloid diseases that represent a group of amyloid protein related diseases and disorders, eg Alzheimer disease. 55 cl, 20 dwg, 7 tbl, 18 ex


Traffic management models that include routing choice form the basis of traffic management systems. High fidelity models that are based on rapidly evolving contextual conditions can have a significant impact on smart and energy efficient transportation. Currently, existing traffic/route choice models are generic and are calibrated on static contextual conditions. These models do not consider dynamic contextual conditions such as the location, failure of certain portions of the road network, the social network structure of population inhabiting the region (socio-cultural and economic background), route choices made by other drivers, events, extreme conditions, etc. As a result, the model's predictions are made at an aggregate level and for a fixed set of contextual factors. There is a clear need to develop traffic models that take into account local contexts and are closer to ground reality to provide government agencies with the ability to make well-informed model-based decisions and policies.


There is disclosed a semiconductor device having a function for overcurrent detection. According to one embodiment of the invention, the component has: a semiconductor chip comprising a load current path which leads a load current in response to a load current flow activating input signal. A current sensor arrangement provides a measurement signal which represents the load current. An evaluation circuit is configured to compare the measurement signal with a first threshold and to signal an overcurrent when the measuring signal exceeds the first threshold value after a delay time period is expired, starting with the activation of load current flow.


In view of the characteristics of the plastics profile extrusion tooling that there existing a lot of standard parts.a standard part library based on knowledge fusion and database is established by comprehensively utilizing the knowledge fusion modules and language programming method of UG/KF.And a simple example is given out.The problems such as series design of standard parts and how to add rules to the library are solved eventually,and it promotes the design efficiency and quality.


ED FROM Lepping P, Sambhi RS, Whittington R, et al. Clinical relevance of fi ndings in trials of antipsychotics: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 2011;198:341–5. Correspondence to Peter Lepping, MD, Wrexham Academic Unit, Technology Park, Croesnewydd Road, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK; firstname.lastname@example.com Sources of funding None. ▶ References are available online at http://ebmh.bmj.com Lepping and colleagues have re-assessed the trials of antipsychotic medication using a novel technique suggested by Lucht by which Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores can be converted to Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores, so it was then possible to make a comparison between the trials. The context is the discussion whether atypical antipsychotics are similar in effi cacy to typicals. The authors did not address this in their study. However, their study did dispel the myth that all atypicals are similar in effi cacy. The authors also demonstrated that olanzapine and amisulpride are in fact more effi cacious than other atypicals, which is in line with the fi ndings from other published studies.1,2 The data in this study are one step removed from the original results of the papers assessed by the authors. This was due to the data being reinterpreted mathematically into CGI scores. Nonetheless, the results show that olanzapine and amisulpride are superior in effi cacy to the other medications assessed in this study. Other factors need to be taken into consideration – whether such evidence is convincing enough to cause opinions to change and to take the view that olanzapine should be prescribed as a 'fi rstline' treatment. The diffi culty is that olanzapine is seen as being likely to induce weight gain and diabetogenesis, while amisulpride is likely to cause hyperprolactinaemia. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the modest higher effi cacy of olanzapine and amisulpride against their side effects. The results from this study which suggest that all antipsychotics are not as effective as we fi rst believed are sobering. Given the above, Lepping and colleagues' research is unlikely to change existing treatment practice. There is still a need to use antipsychotic agents to manage psychosis. Perhaps the best compromise is to use an atypical antipsychotic which is less likely to cause weight gain or diabetogenesis as fi rst line, and then, if it does not work within 6 weeks, to change to olanzapine or amisulpride for greater potency. Mark Agius1,2 1South Essex Partnership University Foundation Trust, Weller Wing, Bedford Hospital, Bedford, UK 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge,


This paper focuses on studying the origin and evolution of the programmed learning in Spain. For this, an interpretation about the influence exerted by the international governmental organization for its implantation is emphasizes. First, the paper explains its beginnings in relation to the educational framework opened by UNESCO. The article continues with the explanation of the first criticisms that were established on this curricular policy. Finally, an attempt is made to give an explanation about its rapid decline. It concludes by indicating the importance of international and local social factors in understanding the historical construction of the curriculum in the Development Spain.


Performance prediction across platforms is increasingly important in today's diverse computing environments. As both programs and their developers face unprecedented wide choices in execution platforms, cross-machine execution time prediction with reasonable accuracy equally benefits scheduling decisions of grid jobs as well as scientists in their research and development planning. In this paper, we investigate an affordable method approaching cross-platform performance translation, based on the notion of relative performance between two platforms. We argue that relative performance can often be observed without running a parallel application in full. This paper shows that it suffices to observe very short partial executions of an application since most parallel codes are iterative and behave in a predictable manner after a minimal startup period. This prediction approach is observationbased and does not require program modeling, code analysis, or architectural simulation. Our performance results (using four real-world parallel simulation codes and a total of ten parallel machines with eight distinct architectures) demonstrate that performance prediction derived from partial application executions can yield highly accurate results


This article reports on the practice of an English Language Teaching (ELT) experiment at an elementary school in Japan, employing an international standardized test as a stimulator in a private school context. The introduction of assessment tasks and the implementation of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) Primary towards 11 to 12-year-old students revealed a strong learning motivation of young learners and their enthusiasm for the practical use of the foreign language. Although the discussion has been continuing about whether or not English language should be taught at an earlier age, the field of Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL) is increasingly expanding, and the government policy has set the directions of elementary school English to be started at a lower grade. This article illustrates the impact of assessment opportunities and highlights the motivation of Japanese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. The power of social values, including family influence, is observed and the experimental classes exhibit the strong desires of Japanese young learners to communicate in English however limited their abilities may be. The results could potentially contribute to the development of TEYL in Japan and suggest the need for further longitudinal research into motivational transition from elementary to secondary school English education.


The seamless concept is rather new. Starting to be known in the 80's, the resulting products made with this technology are capable to fulfill the consumers' needs regarding functionality, performance and comfort. The products made with this technology that are more popular involve areas such as sports, health care, underwear and outerwear and less quantity exterior garment. From this study one understand that there is a significant design component to be further explored when it comes to integrating fashion in seamless garments, by inserting fashion trend elements that will give higher added value to these products.


BACKGROUND: Globally, healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring HIV via sexual contact like the general population, but are also faced with additional occupational risk of injuries from needle pricks and sharps. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) is an access point for HIV/AIDS education, clinical care, psychological support and motivation to modify behaviour aimed at reducing the risk of HIV transmission.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine knowledge, attitude and uptake of VCT for HIV/AIDS among medical doctors and dentists in South Western Nigeria.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted among medical doctors and dentists within South Western Nigeria between January and June, 2014. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 15.RESULTS: Participants comprised 151 medical doctors (55%) and 124 dentists (45%), a high level of knowledge about VCT (78.9%) was noted with a statistically significant higher level of knowledge about VCT among medical doctors compared to dentists (p= 0.000). Also, there was a significant association between uptake of HIV testing and participants' working experience such that the proportion of those who had done HIV testing increased with their years of practice (p= 0.037). Majority of the participants (95.2%) agreed with the idea of free treatment coverage for HIV positive members of staff and their sero- positive family members under workplace VCT services.CONCLUSION: Knowledge, uptake and support for workplace VCT among medical doctors and dentists in South Western Nigeria was high. There is need for more VCT facilities in the dental clinics.


Microblogging platforms, such as Twitter, Tumblr etc., have been established as key components in the contemporary Web ecosystem. Users constantly post snippets of information regarding their actions, interests or perception of their surroundings, which is why they have been attributed the term Live Web. Nevertheless, research on such platforms has been quite limited when it comes to identifying events, but is rapidly gaining ground. Event identification is a key step to news reporting, proactive or reactive crisis management at multiple scales, efficient resource allocation, etc. In this paper, we focus on the problem of automatically identifying events as they occur, in such a user-driven, fast paced and voluminous setting. We propose a novel and natural way to address the issue using notions from emotional theories, combined with spatiotemporal information and employ online event detection mechanisms to solve it at large scale in a distributed fashion. We present a modular framework that incorporates all of our key ideas and experimentally validate its superiority, in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness, over the state-of-the-art using real life data from the Twitter stream. We also present empirical evidence on the importance of spatiotemporal information in event detection for this setting.


Concepts in cognitive neuroscience fundamental to intervention are summarized. The functional plasticity of the maturing central nervous system offers opportunity to improve auditory processing skills. A comprehensive approach to improve listening comprehension and learning in children and youth with central auditory processing disorders is outlined. The management approach emphasizes development of both specific and general problem-solving strategies in conjunction with self-regulation of strategy use. A lthough the underlying etiology of the complex group of disorders known as central auditory processing disorders (CAPD) remains controversial , performance deficits associated with CAPD are well documented and include difficulty comprehending speech in backgrounds of noise or competing speech; distractibil-ity and hyperactivity; inattentiveness and short attention span; poor memory for auditory information, particularly for linguistically complex messages; difficulty understanding verbal directions; and academic underachievement and reading difficulties because of auditory-phonetic confu-Given theoretical differences of opinion about the extent to which CAPD is related to specific auditory-phonologic deficits rather than linguistic-cognitive deficits or selective, it is not surprising that identification and evaluation protocols and management approaches have not been standardized or adequately developed. Notwithstanding the need for further research to elucidate the nature of CAPD as well as establish the efficacy of assessment and treatment approaches, recent developments in cognitive neuroscience provide a compelling rationale for aggressive rehabilitative effort in this area. In this brief paper, we summarize concepts in cognitive neuroscience fundamental to intervention and outline a comprehensive approach to improve listening comprehension and learning in children and youth with CAPD. The management approach emphasizes development of both specific and general problem-solving strategies in conjunction with self-regulation of strategy use. While the efficacy of our comprehensive approach has not been documented, strategies and techniques are outlined to enable clinicians to begin assessing the effectiveness of the program for children and youth with CAPD. Considerable evidence reveals the functional plasticity of the maturing central nervous system (Aoki & Siekevitz, 1988). Although the gross structural organization of the brain does not change significantly postnatally, functional aspects remain plastic for some time (Aoki & Siekevitz, 1988). It appears that the plasticity of the brain is related to maturation, although quantification of this process is difficult. The younger brain is generally more plastic than the older brain, as shown poignantly in localization studies with barn owls. Knudsen (1987) reported that localization abilities of a mature barn owl are permanently compromised when one ear is plugged. However, the same …


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between background factors of business negotiation and negotiation outcome for Korean small and medium sized trading companies. Design/Methodology/Approach - By analyzing business negotiation factors such as culture, organization, knowledge on trade practice, individual characteristics, and negotiation process, a research model was derived, and research hypotheses were verified. Findings - The results of this study are as follows. Cross-cultural awareness, organizational support, trade practice knowledge, and individual characteristics had positive direct effects on negotiation outcomes, and negotiation outcomes also had a positive effect on negotiation profit, while cooperative negotiation strategy did not have a significant effect on negotiation outcomes. Research Implication - International trading companies increasingly rely on international trade negotiations for survival and growth. It was found that factors such as cultural difference, organizational support, individual characteristics, and cooperative strategy are important factors affecting positive negotiation outcomes. Therefore, it is essential that negotiators in small and medium trading companies need to understand the cultural differences of their counterparts, and the organization needs to provide direct support to negotiators. Based on the results of this study, strategic alternatives were suggested for trade negotiators to conduct efficient trade negotiations.


1. In order to develop a simple, efficient system for the high‐level expression of dopamine receptors in eukaryotic cells, we have studied the effects of n‐butyrate on the expression of rat D1A dopamine receptor cDNA in mouse fibroblast LTK‐ cells as compared with those of n‐butyrate on endogenous D1 receptor levels in opossum kidney cells.


The objective of this article is to analyze how the adoption of the Single Supervision Mechanism (SSM) affects contagion between bank and sovereign risk in the Eurozone. Additionally, we test whether the effects of a variation in sovereign and bank risk on this contagion differ before and after SSM. The analysis is performed through banks' stock returns and CDS spreads. On the one hand, using quarterly data from 80 banks and 13 Eurozone countries over the period 2009-2016 (2,441 observations), we find that the adoption of the SSM on November 2014 reduces contagion from sovereign risk to banks' stock returns. On the other hand, the analysis of CDS spreads comprises quarterly data from 25 banks and 10 Eurozone countries between 2009 and 2016 (771 observations). We find that the announcement of the SSM on March 2013 reduces contagion between bank and sovereign CDS spreads. Additionally, before the announcement of the SSM, an increase in sovereign risk does not alter contagion. However, after this announcement, an increase in sovereign risk leads to lower contagion. Therefore, the announcement of the SSM has an immediate effect on CDS spreads, while banks' stock returns respond with a lag, and only react when the SSM officially enters into force in 2014.


It reveals that imports have increased in the last decade compared to exports, which had an importance quite special, and taken the fact that for two decades, every year, the trade balance of Romania was deficient in terms of exports and politics foreign trade. Moreover, the balance has increased exponentially in recent times.


America's cities have confronted local climate change (i.e. the "heat island" effect, and increased storm runoff) for many decades; now, global climate change presents new planning and design challenges. Because of the size of cities and complexity of urban drainage systems, planning has typically been conducted at a relatively large scale with sub-basins on the order of about 1 km. However, the most basic scale for urban hydrology is the city block, which has a scale of about 0.02 km (approximately, 200 meters by 100 meters or 2 hectares). Urban hydrologic models have evolved to be computationally robust at this scale, and at the same time, the computer resources available to solve complex stormwater systems have exploded, allowing these hydrologic models to be solved quickly. Is it time to up the resolution of urban hydrologic modeling? Or is the current modeling paradigm sufficient?


Based on reasonable CBD design technology,The paper uses past experiences to make product design which not only shortened design period but also enhanced design quality,reduced product cost as well as kept and retained the core technology of the enterprises.To create the core competitive ability of the enterprises,the paper has made deep research in view of this problem,puts forward the resolved plans for it and designs and realises the original system.


A methodological study of an electronic ballast for electrodeless fluorescent lamps (EFLs) including design and development issues is presented in this paper. The ballast is intended to feed a 100-W EFL at 250 kHz with dimming feature. The proposed topology is composed of a single-ended primary-inductance converter, used as power-factor (PF)-correction stage, integrated with a resonant half-bridge inverter, used as lamp-power control stage. The integration of both stages is proposed in this paper, in order to reduce the number of active switches, as well as to simplify the required driving and control circuitry for this application. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution that achieves 54% lamp-power dimming (46 W). The implemented topology attained very high PF (0.989) and low line-current total harmonic distortion (14.929%), without using electromagnetic interference filter, while the measured efficiency was 87% at nominal lamp power.


In this thesis we study two main topics which culminate in a proof that four distinct definitions of the equivariant derived category of a smooth algebraic group $G$ acting on a variety $X$ are in fact equivalent. In the first part of this thesis we introduce and study equivariant categories on a quasi-projective variety $X$. These are a generalization of the equivariant derived category of Lusztig and are indexed by certain pseudofunctors that take values in the 2-category of categories. This 2-categorical generalization allow us to prove rigorously and carefully when such categories are additive, monoidal, triangulated, admit $t$-structures, among and more. We also define equivariant functors and natural transformations before using these to prove how to lift adjoints to the equivariant setting. We also give a careful foundation of how to manipulate $t$-structures on these equivariant categories for future use and with an eye towards future applications. In the final part of this thesis we prove a four-way equivalence between the different formulations of the equivariant derived category of $\ell$-adic sheaves on a quasi-projective variety $X$. We show that the equivariant derived category of Lusztig is equivalent to the equivariant derived category of Bernstein-Lunts and the simplicial equivariant derived category. We then show that these equivariant derived categories are equivalent to the derived $\ell$-adic category of Behrend on the algebraic stack $[G \backslash X]$. We also provide an isomorphism of the simplicial equivariant derived category on the variety $X$ with the simplicial equivariant derived category on the simplicial presentation of $[G \backslash X]$, as well as prove explicit equivalences between the categories of equivariant $\ell$-adic sheaves, local systems, and perverse sheaves with the classical incarnations of such categories of equivariant sheaves.


Abstract We compared initial severity, amount of improvement, and rate of improvement of aphasia in African-Americans and Caucasians. Study patients were aphasic subsequent to a first, left hemisphere, thromboembolic infarct, and all were entered in a 44-week treatment trial designed to provide 6–8 h of treatment each week between 4 and 48 weeks post-onset. There was no significant difference between African-Americans and Caucasians in severity of aphasia on the Porch Index of Communicative Ability, a word fluency measure, or the Token Test prior to the initiation of treatment at 4 weeks post-onset. At 48 weeks post-onset, African-Americans performed significantly lower on the Porch Index of Communicative Ability Gestural and Graphic modality scores. Both African-American and Caucasian aphasic patients displayed significant improvement in aphasia during the 44-week treatment trial, and there were no significant differences between groups in the amount or rate of improvement. Thus, our samples of African-A...


By analyzing the flowing,floughing,shoring distortion and cracking situation,which happened during the construction of Yongzhou to Cenxi segment Qingshui tunnel of Luozhan railway,the article aims at the cause and proposes corresponding construction plan and repairing method.


The new giant magnetostrictive material TbDyFe has the trait of large output power high displacement resolution and great displacement range.If the material is used in the micro?displacement actuator,the performance index of displacement actuator will be greatly increased.It will impel the development of giant precision processing technique.The structure and the performance of giant magnetostrictive actuator are introduced and the model of magnet?machine coupling is proposed.It will be propitious to the study and design of the giant magnetostrictive devices.


$\eta$ Car is a massive, eccentric binary with a rich observational history. We obtained the first high-cadence, high-precision light curves with the BRITE-Constellation nanosatellites over 6 months in 2016 and 6 months in 2017. The light curve is contaminated by several sources including the Homunculus nebula and neighboring stars, including the eclipsing binary CPD$-$59$^\circ$2628. However, we found two coherent oscillations in the light curve. These may represent pulsations that are not yet understood but we postulate that they are related to tidally excited oscillations of $\eta$ Car's primary star, and would be similar to those detected in lower-mass eccentric binaries. In particular, one frequency was previously detected by van Genderen et al. and Sterken et al. through the time period of 1974 to 1995 through timing measurements of photometric maxima. Thus, this frequency seems to have been detected for nearly four decades, indicating that it has been stable in frequency over this time span. These pulsations could help provide the first direct constraints on the fundamental parameters of the primary star if confirmed and refined with future observations.


Electrically active defect levels in 650-nm-thick undoped n-BaSi2 epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) using undoped n-BaSi2/p-Si heterojunction diodes. The layer structure was designed so that the depletion region extended toward the n-BaSi2 layers under reverse bias conditions. DLTS revealed the presence of majority-carrier (electron) traps located at approximately 0.1 and 0.2 eV below the bottom of the conduction band. The densities of these trap levels were approximately 1 × 1015 cm−3. Photoresponse spectra are also discussed in relation to these trap levels. Minority-carrier traps were not detected in this work.


For the most forgotten today, Henry Avice (ca. 1615-1680), called the chevalier Avice, had a sufficiently established reputation in the 17th century art world, so that Pierre-Jean Mariette could say of him, well after his death, that he had been one of the best connoisseurs of his time. By profession an engineer, his interest in art was significantly expressed all his life. A fairly talented amateur artist, his aptitude as a draughtsman, as an engraver and as a painter earned him the enviable situation of drawing master to Louis XIV. Well placed in the royal circle, close to several important collectors, he himself collected works of art. Owner of some fifty paintings, among which were masterpiece by Veronese and by Poussin as well as numerous landscapes of lesser interest, and several hundred drawings, which stressed his own practical and even pedagogical tendency, Avice owned a chosen selection of works of art, which, through the study of the multiplicity of its facets, is worthy of interest for the understanding of Parisian collecting during the third quarter of the century. Above all it is appropriate to explore the relation between the chevalier and Nicolas Poussin: Avice, who could have met the master during the long years he spent in Italy, was one of the first engravers of the painter's work, and within the limits of his modest means, a fervent collector of his works. His posthumous inventory thus reveals that he was the first known owner of the famous "Berger d'Arcadie".


Large volume single crystals of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) have been grown by vertical Bridgman technique using in-house zone refined precursor materials (Cd, Zn, and Te). The grown semi-insulating CZT crystals have shown high promise for high-resolution room-temperature radiation detectors due to their high dark resistivity (~4×1010 Ω-cm), good charge transport properties [(μτ)e = (6-8) × 10-3 cm2/V], and relatively low cost. The grown CZT single crystals (~2.8 cm diameter and >10 cm long) have demonstrated a very low radial Zn concentration deviation, low dislocation densities and Te precipitate/inclusions, and high infrared transmission. Details of the CZT single crystal growth, their physical and chemical analysis, surface processing, nuclear radiation detector fabrication, and testing of these devices are presented.


Objective— Deletion of mPGES-1 (microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1)—an anti-inflammatory target alternative to COX (cyclooxygenase)-2—attenuates injury-induced neointima formation in mice. This is attributable to the augmented levels of PGI2 (prostacyclin)—a known restraint of the vascular response to injury, acting via IP (I prostanoid receptor). To examine the role of mPGES-1–derived PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) in vascular remodeling without the IP. Approach and Results— Mice deficient in both IP and mPGES-1 (DKO [double knockout] and littermate controls [IP KO (knockout)]) were subjected to angioplasty wire injury. Compared with the deletion of IP alone, coincident deletion of IP and mPGES-1 increased neointima formation, without affecting media area. Early pathological changes include impaired reendothelialization and increased leukocyte invasion in neointima. Endothelial cells (ECs), but not vascular smooth muscle cells, isolated from DKOs exhibited impaired cell proliferation. Activation of EP (E prostanoid receptor) 4 (and EP2, to a lesser extent), but not of EP1 or EP3, promoted EC proliferation. EP4 antagonism inhibited proliferation of mPGES-1–competent ECs, but not of mPGES-1–deficient ECs, which showed suppressed PGE2 production. EP4 activation inhibited leukocyte adhesion to ECs in vitro, promoted reendothelialization, and limited neointima formation post-injury in the mouse. Endothelium-restricted deletion of EP4 in mice suppressed reendothelialization, increased neointimal leukocytes, and exacerbated neointimal formation. Conclusions— Removal of the IP receptors unmasks a protective role of mPGES-1–derived PGE2 in limiting injury-induced vascular hyperplasia. EP4, in the endothelial compartment, is essential to promote reendothelialization and restrain neointimal formation after injury. Activating EP4 bears therapeutic potential to prevent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention.


Data mining in healthcare is a rising field due to the vast amount of patient specific data which is freely available for analysis. While the majority of this data has been analyzed using various data mining techniques like classification, but association rule mining in this field is still largely unexplored. Association Rule Mining is a simple yet powerful tool that brings to light hidden relationships among data attributes in addition to statistically validating those which are already known. These relationships can help in understanding diseases and their causes in a better way, which in turn will help to prevent them. This report presents exploration of this field and the conclusions drawn from analyzing heart disease dataset from UCI repository. In this paper association rule mining is applied to cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases are diseases related to heart and circulatory system. Heart disease is explored in this paper.


The piece offers a series of sketches of the League of Nations, as seen from a 'centenary' distance. Three of these sketches provide a highly condensed account of the League's life; a further two draw out some of its legacies. Taken together, they present a highly impressionistic picture of the first' world organization, but one that hopefully captures essential aspects of the League and draw the readers' eye to features that are worth remembering a century onwards.


In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, encapsulation refers to a range of techniques used to enclose medicines in a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be used as suppositories.


This research assessed the effect of Nigerian rice husk ash (RHA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as partial replacement of cement in concrete grade 20. Rice husk ash (RHA) is obtained by combustion of rice husk in a controlled temperature. The replacement of OPC with rice husk ash (RHA) were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. 1% of Calcium Chloride was blended with OPC/RHA in all the test specimens except from control mix. Concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast and cured in water for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. Slump test was conducted on fresh concrete while density test and compressive strength test were conducted on hardened concrete. The slump results revealed that the concrete becomes less workable (stiff) as percentage increases. The compressive strength result at 28 days revealed that 5%RHA/1%CaCl2 have the highest strength of 26.82N/mm2 while 20%RHA/1%CaCl2 have the lowest strength (21.48N/mm2). Integration of 5%RHA/1%CaCl2 and 10%RHA/1%CaCl2 as cement replacement will produce a concrete of higher compressive strength compared to conventional concrete in grade 20 concrete.


In this thesis, the minuteness structure, piezoelectric, and dielectric characteristics of Pb[(Co0.5 W0.5) 0.03 (Nil/3 Nb2/3) 0.07(Zr0.52 Ti0.48)0.9]O3 + 0.5Wt% MnO2 ceramics has been systematically investigated as a function of the sintering temperature after manufacturing the specimens with a general method. The electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kp) showed its maximum of 31.116[%] in the sintered specimens at 1050[℃], and its minimum of 20.220[%] in the sintered specimens at 1150[℃]. The mechanical quality coefficient (Qm) marked the maximum of 139.526 at the sintering temperature of 1150[℃].


Focused impedance method (FIM) is a simple non-invasive way of diagnosing epidermal tissue health by subsequent measurements of localized impedance using a set of tetra-polar orthogonal electrodes. The concept is further advanced to an increased number of electrodes with repeated FIM cells that combinedly form a pigeon hole image (PHI) and used to diagnose a range of physiological conditions and disorders. In this work, a wearable imaging device has been demonstrated by combining the attributes of FIM-based pigeon hole imaging and utilised them for detecting unusual body mass within a biological system. The device uses a total of twenty-five Cu electrodes uniformly distributed over a spatial area <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A} = 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 which combinedly form the 16 elements of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> PHI matrix. The PHI device is capable to produce a 2D crude image of bio-impedance with a pixel resolution of 1 cm and visualise an unusual body mass underneath the testing surface at depth, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{p} \sim 0.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 2.0 cm. The ubiquitous functionality of the device has been demonstrated by integrating into a custom made flexible fabric as wearable wrist band that measures the PHI image and recognizes three common gesture positions using a well-known artificial neural network classifier. The wearable device can be an emerging telemedicine solution for rapid screening of a range of abnormal physiological phenomenon at patient's home or in a regional hospital with resource limited settings.


hy do we need to know this?" "Science is too hard." "Science is boring." As long as comments like these are heard in the science classroom, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to teach for understanding. According to the "science report card" issued by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NEAP) in 1992, although over 85 percent of participating fourth-grade students understood simple scientific principles, only 31 percent-less than one-third-could apply, analyze, or integrate scientific information. By eighth grade, 64 percent of the participating students could apply information, but there was little change in student ability either to analyze or integrate information. Champagne and Klopfer reported that 80 percent of physics majors at large universities were unable to relate what they knew to realworld situations (cited in Yager, McLure, and Weld 1993).


Page 9 As the self-described Islamic State (IS) lost its territories in Iraq and Syria between 2015 and 2018, it adopted a strategy of exporting terrorist attacks abroad, including to the West. A part of this strategy was the use of online platforms to radicalise its followers around the world and to mobilise them to commit violent acts in their own countries (Droogan and Peattie 2017). Its media spokesman, the late Abu Mohammad al-Adani, inspired many with exhortations like the following: "If you can kill a disbelieving American or European – especially the spiteful and filthy French – or an Australian, or a Canadian, or any other disbeliever from the disbelievers waging war, including the citizens of the countries that entered into a coalition against the Islamic State, then rely upon Allah, and kill him in any manner or way however it may be. Do not ask anyone's advice and do not seek anyone's verdict. Kill the disbeliever whether he is civilian or military, for they have the same ruling. If you are not able to find an IED or a bullet, then single out the disbelieving American, Frenchman or any of their allies. Smash his head with a rock, or slaughter him with a knife, or run him over with your car, or throw him down from a high place, or choke him, or poison him. If you are unable to do so, then burn his home, car, or business. Or destroy his crops. If you are unable to do so, then spit in his face." In this paper, I will briefly outline some of the steps taken in Australia to prevent and counter violent extremism, as well as recount some of the benefits and challenges of adopting the countering violent terrorism (CVE) approach.


That in the CAD system according to a visualization device of the region of interest, the region of interest visualization apparatus includes an image receiving unit that receives the image sequentially, the reception interest to obtain a region of interest in the current image area acquiring unit, and when the current region of interest obtained in the image , and the previous image based on a change between a region of interest obtained in the current image region of interest are visualized for outputting the time information to visualize the area of interest of the image may include a.


Polymer flooding technology is a cost-effective method of enhanced oil recovery,however,the polymer exhibits thermal-oxidative degradation and hydrolysis at high temperature and obvious salt-sensitive effect under high salinity,these all lead to reducing the viscosity of polymer solution and worsening flooding effect. This paper investigates the research progress of new types of heat and salt resistance polymers at home and abroad,reviews several popular polymers,i.e. hydrophobic associating polymer,amphoteric polymer,comb polymer,cross-linked copolymers and multi-combination of copolymers,summarizes the molecular structure of polymers,and analyzes the mechanism of heat and salt resistance. It is suggested that an effective method of increasing the viscosity of polymer solution and the performance of heat and salt resistance is to introduce certain functional structure to polymer molecule and to increase its molecular weight.


Abstract This paper advances that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) act as a governmentality that brings with them assemblages of international and national policies and practices of poverty reduction. These assemblages are characterized by neoliberal rationalities that shape relationships and practices with and of the poor themselves by repositioning and deploying the values and norms of the market as the principal means for the establishment of development aid partnerships. Such rationalities, we argue, are exercised through political technologies that make visible and operable certain governing schemes such as calculative practices. Drawing on extensive interview, policy, programme, and archival documents, the paper advances the argument that the MDGs and the national development plan for Namibia, Vision 2030, shape ideas of poverty reduction through political technologies of calculation and via multi-scale partnership arrangements. These technologies emerge from diverse elements, subsume the shaping of social and political spaces, and have diverse effects on the lives of the poor. Our analysis also highlights an approach to poverty reduction in Namibia, that of BIG, a Basic Income Grant scheme. We view BIG as a potential counter-calculation of poverty, and counter-partnership to poverty reduction efforts, which can develop into a more socially just and sustainable means to reduce poverty and lead to an overturn of contemporary neoliberal assemblages of poverty reduction.


Standard quantum mechanics states that an ideal simultaneous measurement of two observ- ables can only be done if those observables commute. Recently, a model for a measurement of a spin-12 system has been suggested [1], where the measurement process is seen as a phys- ical interaction between a spin and a magnetic memory, the apparatus. It is then allowed to let the spin interact with two such apparatuses simultaneously, each of them measuring a different (non-commuting) spin component, and to study the dynamics of the process. In this thesis we want to answer the following questions: (i) will both apparatuses yield re- sults? (ii) are these results faithful? (iii) how much information can we extract from them? (iv) what is the final state of the measured spin? Question (i) is answered affirmatively, and the minimum strength of the coupling spin-apparatus is found. Regarding question (ii), we find that the process is non-ideal: the apparatuses can yield false indications. This is quantified by an efficiency parameter, for which we find an upper bound and numerical results. Nevertheless, we will show that the process is completely informative: we can determine the expected value of both spin components after many runs of the experiment. Regarding question (iv), we find that at the end of the process the spin has collapsed in neither of the eigenstates of the two measured observables, but in a linear combination of them. References [1] Armen E. Allahverdyan, Roger Balian, Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen, Under- standing quantum measurement from the solution of dynamical models (http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.2138)


Human embryo transfer has recently been practised in a number of centres around the world in association with in vitro fertilization of human oocytes.


The present invention provides an image using a DTV tuner capable of analog / digital tuning method of a display device and / digital tuning of an analog. The image display apparatus, comprising: a digital television (DTV) tuner for analog and digital signals of the at least one tuning; bus switch which switches the DTV tuner to analog signals and digital signals to at least one of tuning; and a control unit which controls the operation of the bus switch in accordance with at least one mode between the analog mode and the digital mode is selected, whereby the use of analog tuning is implemented a single DTV tuner, so that not only reduces the analog tuner and the cost is due to the increased use of space and improve design efficiency.


Split dielectric resonators operating in a quasi-TE011 mode were used for the measurement of the complex permittivity and the complex permeability of planar metamaterials deposited on low-loss dielectric substrates at microwave frequencies. Separation of the complex permittivity from the complex permeability for a specific metamaterial was achieved by performing measurements of the resonance frequencies and the Q-factors of a split post-dielectric resonator with two samples having different diameters but identical patterns. Measurements of the resonance frequencies and the Q-factors of empty substrates served as reference materials to determine the resonance frequency shifts and Q-factor changes due to the presence of the metamaterial only. The effective complex permittivity and permeability were determined on the basis of accurate electromagnetic modeling of the resonance structures containing the samples.


This article discusses using dynamic assessment materials as a tool for providing cognitive intervention to children with complex learning difficulties.


This dissertation examines the academic approaches that have been undertaken in the study of free expression and applies them to the debates about video game regulation. This has been done in an effort to demonstrate that a greater und erstanding of the issues surrounding the debate can be reached through the application of th eories of free expression. The piece will outline the pre-existing theories before discussing the nature of video games as a medium for political expression. Having established this, the d bates surrounding the issue will be explored to show what parallels can be drawn with t he literature and the extent to which theories of free expression can contribute to a gre ater understanding of video game


Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that "Gu Cuo Feng and Jin Chu Cao (骨错缝 、 筋出槽 )"is the key pathogenesis for spinal degenerative disease,such as cervical spondylosis,but there is also lots of controversy for the concept of "Gu Cuo Feng and Jin Chu Cao(骨错缝 、筋出槽 )". The paper emphasizes the concept of "Gu Cuo Feng and Jin Chu Cao(骨错缝、筋出槽)"from structural abnormality and dysfunction,and build the clinical standard of cervical "Gu Cuo Feng and Jin Chu Cao(骨错缝、筋出槽)"from clinical symptoms,conventional physical signs of cervical spondylosis,special physical signs (mainly by palpation) and imaging measurement (special measuring method).