of the changes in leadership and the shift from an independent to a dependent policy promoted by the business organizations. In agriculture, the Nazis secured a monopoly of leadership by getting exclusive control over the organizations of fanners. Party loyalty and ideological attachment were more important than farm ownership and expert knowledge for holding positions of leadership. In handicraft, the temporary leadership monopoly of the party was destroyed by Schacht who dismissed the regional handicraft leaders and limited leadership positions to practicing artisans. In determining the overall handicraft policy, Schacht successfully prevented the nazified artisans from realizing their program of "middle class socialism." While certain economic interests of the members were realized, the alien leadership of either party or big business prevented the agricultural and artisan organizations to either select an independent policy or to implement the policy of their choice. In industry alone did leadership remain in the hands of the big concerns, and party domination was avoided by a series of strategic moves. An independently chosen policy was carried through, with the assistance of the ministries of war, economics, and finance during the first period of the regime. This independence was gradually lost in 1937-1938 when the Nazis confiscated the domestic iron ore deposits, established the Goring Works A.G. against the opposition of most private steel concerns, and imposed the Four Year Plan as the overall policy of the economy. Schacht's resignation as minister was followed by the successful insistence of the party that business leaders have to be politically reliable, as certified by the Gauleiters. These party-approved leaders adopted a dependent policy that sought to promote only those business interests that were in accord with the overall economic policy as determined by the Nazis. A critical examination of this important book suggests a crucial methodological lesson. A theory of business interest groups can be successful only if the organizations are studied as instruments of power and policy implementation. Organization, power, and interest policy have to be seen as interrelated characteristics of an economic sub-system before their historical significance can be fully understood and appreciated.


This paper probes into the identification and prevention of the information risk of supply chain,analyzes on the origins of the information risk of supply chain,and advances some measures for preventing various information risks.


BACKGROUND
Implantation of drug eluting stents (DES) has become a standard treatment of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Incomplete strut coverage is a potential risk factor for late stent thrombosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables in vivo identification of incomplete neointimal coverage.

METHODS
Study included 62 patients after sirolimus eluting stents (SES) or paclitaxel eluting stents (PES) implantation. OCT examination was performed at least 24 months after the initial procedure (35.4± 9.4 months). In cross-sectional still frames selected from each 1 mm of analyzed stents a total number of visible struts and number of struts with or without complete neointimal coverage was assessed. Measurements of neointimal coverage, presented as a mean thickness of tissue, were performed. Patients were followed up for 3 years and the frequency ofmajor adverse cardiac events was recorded.

RESULTS
In the analyzed 28 SES and 37 PES 9998 struts were identified. Complete neointimalcoverage was observed in 83.5% and 79.2% of SES and PES struts respectively (p = 0.48).There was no difference in incidence of not covered or malapposed struts between SES and PES groups. Mean thickness of the tissue covering SES struts was 0.165 ± 0.095 mm, and 0.157 ± 0.121 mm for PES. The mean neointimal thickness difference (SES vs. PES) was notstatistically significant. In a 36 months follow-up 1 death was observed - potentially attributed to stent thrombosis.

CONCLUSIONS
A long term OCT follow-up after DES implantation shows high incidence ofuncovered struts regardless of the stent type. Clinical significance of this finding remains questionable and requires further large scale trials.


ABSTRACT The Munich Olympic Games were an opportunity to present to the world the 'New Germany'. It was clear to everyone that the shadow of the Berlin Olympic Games would follow the Munich Olympic Games at every stage. This article deals with West Germany's attempts to erase Berlin 1936 from the public consciousness and to redesign Germany's image as a cosmopolitan, peace-seeking nation. Designing the new German image included innovative architectural design of the Olympic complex, concealing the prominent landmarks associated with the Nazi regime, visual design of the games in cosmopolitan spirit and opening ceremony without national pathos. Most notably absent were the armed security personnel at the Olympic village due to the fear of association that might be evoked by armed German soldiers. Yet reality struck the Germans in the face. The 'New Image' failed to hide the political disputes that arose during the games. The event was fraught with scandals with political overtones in addition to the massacre of the sportsmen by a terrorist organisation. The Games will forever be remembered due to the massacre and the rest of the scandals that occurred therein.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the negative casual relationships between organizational security factors (security systems, security education, and security visibility) and individual non-compliance causes (work impediment, security system anxiety, and non-compliance behaviors of peers), which have negative influences on compliance intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on literature review, the authors propose a research model together with hypotheses. The survey questionnaires were developed to collect data, which then validated the measurement model. The authors collected 415 responses from employees at manufacturing and service firms that had already implemented security policies. The hypothesized relationships were tested using the structural equation model approach with AMOS 18.0.

Findings

Survey results validate that work impediment, security system anxiety, and non-compliance peer behaviors are the causes of employee non-compliance. In addition, the authors found that security systems, security education, and security visibility decrease instances of non-compliance.

Research limitations/implications

Organizations should establish a mixture of security investment in their systems, education, and visibility in order to effectively reduce employees' non-compliance. In addition, organizations should recognize the importance of minimizing the particular causes of employees' non-compliance to positively increase intentions to comply with information security.

Originality/value

An important issue in information security management is employee compliance. Understanding the reasons behind employees' non-compliance is a critical issue. This paper investigates empirically why employees do not comply, and how organizations can induce employees to comply by a mixture of investments in security systems, education, and visibility.


In this paper, we propose a method that use the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) as a plug-and-play prior for image restoration in sensor network. The "plug-and-play" concept as an image prior is extended to image restoration and just mentioned in recent years. Particularly, the plug-and-play alternating direction method of the multiplier is very fit for the GMM framework to regularize the sub-problems. In order to avoid error results caused by general minimum of mean square error criterion, we propose two spatial constraints: one applies the  $K$ -nearest-neighbor method based on an Euclidean distance to measure the similarity of image patches in clustering step; the other adopts the Gaussian weight based on the Mahalanobis distance to update the mean vector and covariance matrix. Finally, we compare our method with several recent state-of-the-art methods, and the results show that our proposed method has good performance in preserving details and eliminating the staircase effect.


Three existing models used to simulate the flow of polymer melts through spiral mandrel dies are compared. Each model was of different complexity and provided different results when used to simulate the flow through two dies. All three models indicated an improvement in flow distribution when the power-law index was increased. Experimental verification of the predictions is required before their validity is proven.


Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular disease, is one of the diseases with high morbidity, mortality, disability rate and recurrence rate in China. According to the epidemiological survey data released by the Chinese association of stroke, there are 14.94 million stroke patients in China, with a prevalence of 11.14.8 per 100,000 and a incidence of 246.8 per 100,000.Cerebrovascular diseases kill 1.54 million people every year, with a mortality rate of 114.8 per 100,000.It is very important for stroke patients to receive thrombolytic recanalization within "golden hour". The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the current network model of regional heart and brain therapy is implemented and how to integrate scattered stroke data locally into a complete national data network. Stroke centers can use information analysis technology to identify potential stroke patients and provide timely treatment for stroke patients. This is also a new direction of stroke treatment that this paper aims to explore.


Preganglionic neurons of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) were located almost exclusively (98%) within the L6‐S1 spinal cord segments. The SPN contained approximately 550 neurons of medium size (10 × 20 μm). These were mainly located in the intermediolateral gray matter and had dendrites that extended into the dorsolateral funiculus, along the lateral marginal zone of the dorsal horn, and medially into the dorsal gray commissure. Labeled dorsal root ganglion cells were almost all located (95%) in the L6 and S1 ganglia. An average of approximately 1,500 sensory neurons were found. These were small cells (17 × 25 μm) whose central processes entered Lissauer's tract from which two groups of collaterals emerged: 1) a prominent lateral pathway along the lateral margin of the dorsal horn that extended into the region of the SPN and also into the dorsal gray commissure, 2) a less prominent medial pathway extending around the dorsal margin of the dorsal horn to terminate in the dorsal gray commissure. These two collateral groups formed fiber bundles that were spaced by approximately 100 μm between centers when observed in the horizontal plane. A third afferent bundle, composed of rostrocaudally oriented fibers, was located in the sagittal plane immediately ventral to the central canal. Comparisons are made between the results in rats and the results of similar experiments performed in cats and monkeys.


We report on our investigations on the long-term behavior of optical coatings under 193 nm laser irradiation in dependence on coating materials, radiation conditions, and substrate properties. A wide variety of different highly reflective dielectric mirrors and antireflective coatings, deposited by an ultra low loss evaporation process onto calcium fluoride and fused silica, has been tested. Irradiation experiments with highly reflective coatings show that fluoride coatings exhibit nearly no changes of their optical function in air as well as in argon atmosphere due to low initial absorption levels. Temporal atmospheric contaminations can be removed by using appropriate irradiation conditions. Oxide layers tend to post-oxidize during 193 nm exposure in air and the DUV absorption level will be reduced. Effectively, reflectance of multilayer coatings on the basis of oxide materials can be improved through laser irradiation. Irradiation experiments with antireflective coatings point out the dominant role of bulk and surface properties of the substrate for prolonged laser irradiation. In addition, we present laser induced damage thresholds to demonstrate upper limits of laser radiation resistance that can be achieved nowadays with several types of coatings.


The currently available plate camera for the AEI EM6 and 6B microscopes is inconvenient for the photography of large numbers of serial sections: firstly because it has to be reloaded relatively frequently and secondly because the restricted format of 70 mm film does not allow a large enough field to be examined at low power. The camera described was designed and built in these laboratories to obviate these problems.


During a survey in January 2013 sediment samples were taken from the area near the wreck of submarine U-864 outside Fedje. The submarine is assumed to have had 67 tons of liquid mercury onboard, stored in carbon steel cans. When torpedoed, the mid-section of the submarine was blown up, and an unknown number of the stored mercury cans were destroyed and have polluted the seabed below. NIVA has analysed sediment samples for mercury in order to provide updated information about the area around the wreck that is polluted with mercury. Measurements for mercury vapour were done for safety reasons on deck and near sampling equipment during the survey. No high concentrations of mercury vapour were found. 4 keywords, Norwegian 4 keywords, English 1. Ubat U-864 1. Submarine U-864 2. Fedje 2. Fedje 3. Kvikksolv 3. Mercury 4. Sediment 4. Sediment Sigurd Oxnevad Morten Schaanning Kristoffer Naes Project Manager Research Manager Research director ISBN 978-82-577-6234-6 Investigation of mercury during a survey near submarine U-864 outside Fedje in 2013


Objective: Postmenopausal osteoporosis a disease with increased fracture tendency in the bones based upon reduced bone mineral density. Oxidative stress is an important risk factor for osteoporosis. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the levels of oxidative stress markers in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: In postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis and also in healthy controls; the bone mineral density, routine laboratory tests, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and total antioxidant capacity levels were measured. Malondialdehyde levels were measured by the ELISA method, protein carbonyl and total antioxidant capacity levels by the colorimetric method. Results: Malondialdehyde levels were found to decrease in both postmenopausal groups, protein carbonyl levels increased in postmenopausal group without osteoporosis. Conclusion: These results make it difficult to establish a relationship between osteoporosis and oxidative stress. We think that measurement of more specific antioxidant and oxidant molecules will contribute to the issue.


With respect to the characteristics of the special soft-soil along an expressway in northern Jiangsu province,the CMSC firming agent was synthesized with ingredient method of full powder by adopting two projects and added into soil with given proportion.Meanwhile,considering the local hydrologic and climatic factors and aiming at the conservative soaking condition,a new hit canister was invented.The soils improved with the CMSC firming agent were compacted in the new hit canister.The compacted samples were taken out and cured.When the curing time was mature,they should be soaked into the water with the new soaking equipment.At last,the pluging test was conducted.It indicated that the compacted samples were saturated within three-dimensional soaking condition.The CBR value was ensured its credibility within this new soaking condition which was closer to the actual situation.The engineering properties of soil improved with CMSC firming agent were better than lime-improved soil.The optimum proportion of CMSC firming agent could be obtained and the improving mechanism of CMSC soil firming agent were studied further more.The results could be used for reference to further study and engineering application.


Human dignity supports the equal value of all humans and their ethical treatment. While human rights conventions use the term frequently, it is rarely defined. The term dignity is used differently, and two dimensions are described in detail. Inherent dignity is an intrinsic dimension held by all humans and is the basis of equal rights for all humans. Circumstantial dignity is another dimension, but is variable and changeable. This is in mind when circumstances are said to enhance or diminish someone's dignity. The recent critique of dignity arises in part because of conflation of these two dimensions. Others reject dignity because of its religious connections. Such criticisms will be responded to in defense of dignity.  Posthuman and transhuman enhancement also raise questions about the value of dignity because of its roots in humanism. Nick Bostrom defends posthuman dignity while critiquing Leon Kass's bioconservative position. Bostrom's argument will be critiqued because of his failure to distinguish between inherent and circumstantial dignity, and his misunderstanding of Kass's claims.  In contrast to the transhumanist enhancement project, inherent dignity points to the givenness and limitations of human nature. This indicates the importance of developing gratitude for human nature and avoiding an endless pursuit of perfection. Such an approach is not antagonistic to medicine and science. Instead, it places priority on improving the circumstantial dignity of all human beings, especially those who live without their basic needs being met. Their inherent dignity places a moral obligation on those with resources to help them. Medicine and science should focus on relieving their needs, not enhancing those who already have most needs met. Justice for all humans based on their inherent dignity is proposed as a significant argument against the ethics of transhuman enhancement.


The primary goals of the authors are to build an intuition for assimilation techniques and to investigate the impact of variable altimeter topography on simple or complex oceanic models. In particular, applying various techniques and sensitivity studies to model and data constraints plays a key role. We are starting to use quasi-geostrophic, semigeostrophic, and primitive-equation (PE) models and to test the schemes in regions of interest to the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), as well as in the northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The impact of scatterometer wind forcing on the results is also investigated. The use of Geosat, European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS-1), and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data is crucial in fine tuning the models and schemes to the selected areas of interest.


We propose a horizontal directional coupler formed with two parallel waveguides of different heights. By breaking the symmetry in both the horizontal and the vertical direction, this directional coupler can be designed to allow us coupling between any two spatial modes of a few-mode waveguide, regardless of their symmetry properties, whereas a conventional directional coupler formed with planar waveguides of equal heights only allows us coupling between two spatial modes of the same symmetry in the vertical direction. As an example, we design and fabricate such a directional coupler with polymer material for the (de)multiplexing of the LP01 and the LP11b mode, which have a symmetric and an antisymmetric field distribution in the vertical direction, respectively. Our typical fabricated device shows a coupling ratio higher than 95% in the wavelength range from 1530 to 1560 nm. The insertion losses for the LP01 and LP11b modes are 9.6 and 12.8 dB, respectively. The performance of the device is weakly sensitive to temperature variations. The proposed directional coupler is easy to fabricate and can be used as a basic structure for the implementation of mode-controlling devices for mode-division-multiplexing applications.


In this paper, the author set up an index system on the airport collaboration of the multi-airport system (MAS), including the number of external routes, the total cost of the route network, the passenger volume of the MAS, the airport primacy ratio, the route repetition rate, the capacity utilization and the purpose matching rate of airport. Next, the airports within the same MAS are regarded as one airport in the general sense, and the ground transit between the internal airports and the external routes from the single airport are combined to satisfy the demand for passenger transport in the MAS. On this basis, a mathematical model was constructed for collaborative optimization of the route network of the MAS, and used to determine the transit airport and its passenger volume. The indices were transformed into constraints and optimization objectives. Taking the MAS in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region for example, the model settings and parameters were further refined. Through model simulation, the collaborative optimization model was further improved, allowing two internal airports to serve as transit airports. The empirical results show that the collaborative optimization successfully improved the overall efficiency of the MAS, clarified the division of labor among the internal airports and balanced the allocation of aviation resources.


by Declan Greally and Rodger Edwards To overcome inherent difficulties with biopharmaceutical technology transfer, the approach to cGMP facility design and build must be integrated and flexible. Areas of change and risk must be identified, highlighted, communicated, addressed, monitored, and controlled using a skilled project team. Introduction Development of biopharmaceuticals, de rived from the manipulation of biologi cal systems, has progressed rapidly in recent years. Improved forms of insulin, new vaccines against Hepatitis B, and a whole generation of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer are among the first wave of new products. Our knowledge on the molecular biology of diseases, gained from the Human Genome Project, has led many analysts to predict a billion-dollar market for gene therapy products within the next five years. New advances in the development of viral vectors, that is, viruses which have been genetically modified to carry therapeutic genes into the body, has moved such products closer to the marketplace. These products are being targeted against diseases such as cancer and heart disease by a number of biotech companies. Many products are now moving from research into clinical development. This technology transfer brings with it a whole new raft of questions and uncertainties. Is the process ready


Under the condition of the market economy,proprietary rights and operativ to guarantee the coordination and unanimity between investor's targets and operator's.As an operator of enterprise management,he should consider the problem in terms of the best utilization,which usually leads to the deviation of investors' and operators' targets so that investors' goals cannot be achieved. Therefore,the article expoundshow to control operators' behaviors,and ensure that enterprises can realize their maximum value and highest efficiency.


Although literary works are imaginary,they are based on careful observations of the real world.The fictional world is an imitation of the real world.So there is a strong similarity between them.The character utterances in fictions may be artificial in reality,but they are true in fictions.Therefore,pragmatic theories also have validity for literary interaction in theory.The au thor analyzes the fictional dialogues in Eileen Chang' s novel——Love in a Fallen City under the framework of the communica tion model based on Relevance Theory.In the academic field,Relevance Theory has been applied to explain a wide range of phenomena in translation,stylistics,phonology,and English teaching.However,the researches on mass communication discourse are still on the development.


Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) is a method of weighing vehicles at highway speeds with the use of scales on or flush with the road surface. It has been used experimentally in Louisiana since 1976, but until recently little was done to prove its accuracy and usefulness as a highway design or planning tool. In this study, two WIM locations were selected near permanent Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LDOTD) scales to provide weight comparisons between dynamic (WIM) weighing and static (stationary) weighing. At present, the LDOTD Traffic and Planning Section collects weights every other year at 12 sites for approximately four hours at each site, using portable scales. This procedure is very labor intensive, requiring 10 to 15 persons, and provides only a small data base. Using the WIM system, a large data base was collected over an 18-month period utilizing only 2 to 3 persons. After processing the WIM data, between 80 to 85% of WIM vehicles collected were usable for analysis. Manual traffic counts were used to supplement WIM vehicle counting. Statistical analysis showed that there is very good correlation between WIM, static and portable scales. An analysis of the WIM data was used to calculate EAL (18-kip equivalent axle load) design factors at both sites. Based on the accuracy of the WIM system established in this study, it was recommended that WIM equipment be used at various locations to show variations of truck loading for design purposes.


ABSTRACT A small, poor and dependent enclave, Lesotho has hardly throughout its post-independence period enjoyed meaningful peace, security and/or political stability. Incidents threatening internal peace and security, and at times imperilling the established authority of the state, are not uncommon. These have occurred with alarming frequency with huge costs in terms of lives lost and damage to property and national infrastructure. Yet life has gone on afterwards and even during the occurrence of such incidents, the nation has adjusted to them. This, nevertheless, suggests that the Basotho nation is not assured of the security it needs, or perhaps deserves, although achieving this in the deeply polarised society of Lesotho is difficult, if not impossible. This article highlights and explores the security situation in Lesotho. In order to demonstrate the degree and nature of insecurity, it highlights specific incidents threatening security. 1. INTRODUCTION This article considers the security and safety situation in Lesotho. At the outset, and in order to enhance the clarity of the thesis, the caveat is made that, insecurity or the lack of security in Lesotho has affected and been felt, perceived or even defined, differently by individual citizens, groups and the government. Indeed, in a deeply divided and conflict buffeted society such as that of Lesotho, this is clearly a trite statement requiring little or no further elaboration. The methodologies employed thus far by the various analysts in studying, analysing and explaining security in Lesotho, on the other hand, have if anything only led to a conjuring and portrayal of different 'Lesothos' of differing societies and individuals, as is demonstrated in the next section. In a sense, they have created a Lesotho in their own image in conformity with their inbuilt logic and prescriptions. Therefore, individual episodes and incidents qualifying as threats to security or conditions of insecurity, might not in reality be necessarily consciously experienced as universal security problems or seen as threats to the safety of all the sections of the population. Expressed differently, the point is that although Lesotho may have been, or continues to be dogged by security problems, these do not necessarily mean that its entire citizenry is feeling that way and/or has been insecure. Nor is a threat to the government equally threatening to citizens or a matter of concern to all of them. Some sections of Lesotho's population, perhaps a majority, are either hardly aware of the presence of what are called security threatening incidents or has not felt threatened by these as they occurred. In fact, as they occurred or were announced, some of the incidents with implications for security might in some cases have been derisively dismissed by a section of citizens and opposition political parties as the rulers' own problems. After all, the people of Lesotho are notorious for disagreeing even as to historic occasions such as the country's independence and its symbols, national days, values and icons. Admittedly, security and the lack of it should not always be understood against the backdrop of individuals' apprehensions, although these are important. Rather, security and insecurity should be seen in terms of their essence and implications. Yet, arguably, some of the incidents that are dubbed or qualify as threats to national security for Lesotho are so because of the smallness of the size of the country wherein related impact and information quickly spread to all its corners. It is so, also because most of such incidents have occurred in or around the capital, Maseru, the seat of government, where they have directly or indirectly disrupted the latter or been widely broadcast by it. Otherwise, these would simply be regional incidents affecting and being of immediate significance to specific regions that do not threaten the national security of the country. …


Complex digital computer is not required, only summing amplifiers and attenuators are used for transformation of signal. Continuous transform system may be used for spectrum analysis, filtering, transfer function synthesis, and communications.


The use of numbers (publications and citations) to evaluate research/er performances are widespread since ease of use. However, disciplinary differences must be considered to evaluate research/ers accurately without misjudgments in tenures and incentives. The most different filed from others in terms of publications and citation patterns is Arts & Humanities. The main aim of this study is to reveal the main differences between Arts & Humanities and the other fields by considering publications, citations, and collaboration. For this aim, the main statistics for 59,728,700 papers published between 1980-2018 are gathered from InCites in terms of the 251 Web of Science subject categories. The data confirmed that Arts & Humanities is considerably different from other fields. We showed the degree of these differences using statistical measures. The huge difference found out that underline the indispensability for evaluating Arts & Humanities separately from the others.


In this paper, we propose a novel reordering scheme to improve the performance of a Laplacian Mesh Smoothing (LMS). While the Laplacian smoothing algorithm is well optimized and studied, we show how a simple reordering of the vertices of the mesh can greatly improve the execution time of the smoothing algorithm. The idea of our reordering is based on (i) the postulate that cache misses are a very time consuming part of the execution of LMS, and (ii) the study of the reuse distance patterns of various executions of the LMS algorithm. Our reordering algorithm is very simple but allows for huge performance improvement. We ran it on a Westmere-EX platform and obtained a speedup of 75 on 32 cores compared to the single core execution without reordering, and a gain in execution of 32% on 32 cores compared to state of the art reordering. Finally, we show that we leave little room for a better ordering by reducing the L2 and L3 cache misses to a bare minimum.


Cycle-accurate simulation is far too slow for modeling the expected performance of full parallel applications on large HPC systems. And just running an application on a system and observing wallclock time tells you nothing about why the application performs as it does (and is anyway impossible on yet-to-be-built systems). Here we present a framework for performance modeling and prediction that is faster than cycle-accurate simulation, more informative than simple benchmarking, and is shown useful for performance investigations in several dimensions.


The EU-funded European Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) Program, which is the biggest commitment of the EU to the water sector in the EaP countries, helps Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine to bring their legislation closer to EU policy in the field of water management, with a main focus on the management of trans-boundary river basins. It supports the development and implementation of pilot river basin management plans, building on the improved policy framework and ensuring a strong participation of local stakeholders.

The main objective of the project is to improve the management of water resources and groundwater resources in particular, by developing tools to improve the quality of water in the long term, and its availability for all. More specifically, the project aims at supporting the Republic of Armenia in bringing national policies and strategies in line with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and other multilateral environmental agreements.

Project funding is provided by the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) and administered by the European Commission (DG NEAR). On a national level, financial support comes from the Austrian Development Agency, the Austrian Federal Ministry for Sustainability and Tourism and from the French Office International de l’Eau. Preparation of management plans for selected Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs is implemented under the leadership of an EUMember State consortium headed by the Environment Agency Austria.

The first important step in moving Armenia’s groundwater management system closer to the WFD is to identify and characterize groundwater bodies (GWBs) in the Hrazdan and Sevan River Basin Districts (RBDs), based on which qualitative and quantitative changes in groundwater under the influence of external pressures are determined.

Inventory of the existing hydrogeological monitoring network was also carried out with a purpose of equipping and furnishing some of the existing observation points.

During GWBs delineation, it was found out that not all GWBs have monitoring points. To fill this gap and extend the hydrogeological monitoring network, additional sampling was conducted in 2018 and 2019.

Assessment of the quantitative and qualitive status of groundwater is an essential requirement under the WFD. The methodology for the assessment of the natural groundwater resources and its components in mountainous regions was developed, using the Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs as the case study areas.

As a result, the natural groundwater resources of the mentioned districts were assessed, according to the following concepts adopted in Armenia: usable water resources, strategic water resources and the national water reserve.

Based on the results of implemented works, the management plans for the Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs will be developed.


The invention discloses a separating method of CDP-C from biological conversion or polyzyme reacting liquid in the biochemical technical domain, which is characterized by the following: passing the CDP-C reacting liquid into cation exchange column 1, anion exchange column 2 and anion exchange column 3; washing the columns 1-3 through deionized water; washing the anion exchange column 2 and anion exchange column 3 through solution with pH value at 5.0; eluting CDP-C from anion exchange column 3 through high-density salt and alcaine to obtain high-density CDP-C solution; using the solution with pH value at 3.0 to elute CMP on the anion exchange column 2. The invention shortens the separating time with water consumption over 60%, which improves the receiving rate of CDP-C with easy crystallization and recycles most of non-reacted CMP.


Public procurement is increasingly common as a tool for achieving environmental goals. In order to be effective, environmental concerns must be prioritized. The purpose of this study is to investig ...


Degradation of the tolyl group in the tricyclic ketone 1b followed by stereospecific reduction of the resultant ketoester (6) furnishes the title compound (4) containing a new tetracyclic framework, establishing the stereochemistry of the aryl group in 1.


The analytical solutions for linear, one-dimensional, time-dependent partial differential equations subject to initial or lateral boundary conditions are reviewed and obtained in the form of convergent Adomian decomposition power series with easily computable components. The efficiency and power of the technique are shown for wide classes of equations of mathematical physics.


No doubt that classical oral rehabilitation is the best choice when resources are sufficient. Nevertheless there is a growing of atypical cases looking for Prosthodontic restoration a d unable to receive a conventional treatment. Edentulism is a debilitating handicap described as: "dentures cripples". Because the dentures will partially rehabilitate the patient at the functional, esthetic and emotional level. Moreover during the transitional period between the dentate status and the edentate situation numerous complications might occur. Therefore the issue of Bio-Ethics led us to develop a care system on more realistic bases. In this article a case report will illustrate this concept. INTRODUCTION The treatment of the Elderly Patient must be specific, because having to cope with peculiar changing oral conditions with ageing which are considered with social and psychological aspects. This creates different demands and needs compared with other cohorts [1]. General health conditions & medicationinvolvement may define the Oral rehabilitation [2]. Systemic diseases frequently need special care and prohibit an invasive procedure [3]. The key to success relay on defining an adapted. Treatment in relation with: diagnosis, prognosis and prevention. Edentulism remain one of the main statuses for the elderly and compromised patient [4]. Average complete or partial dentures remains important [5] but is commonly treated by Implant support in complete dentures. The dentist needs to establish a difference between implant support & implant retained over dentures. Nevertheless the most difficult restorations are when there is a loss of support in the posterior areas right and left and moreover unilaterally. (Kennedy Class 1 & 2). With aging, remaining old fixed reconstructions are difficult to remove and will generally lead from Partial to a complete edentation [6-8]. A new fixed prosthetic is often impossible due to morphologic difficulties or poor value of the remaining teeth. Also the anatomic and bone condition are often not favorable for a classical implantation procedure. With a classical Removable Denture the Prosthodontist is never able to achieve a perfect rehabilitation. Because of adaptationdifficulty even an excellent design may fail finally [9,10]. In the early eighties Implants appeared as solution to the different handicap [11] of the complete or partial denture wearers. Actually the opinion stated that these individuals have issues that may contribute to a higher rate of implants failure than among young and healthy patients. However the evidence available shows success rates in these patients comparable to those of younger people [12]. Another important point is the transitional period. Actually this transition from a dentate to an edentate status is very sensitive. Patients will not accept to be handicapped by poor esthetic, inadequate retention and stability of their dentures during speech and mastication. The patient will also be frustrated waiting a long time before receiving the final restoration. A Bio-Ethic attempt The purpose of this article is to ascertain a secure comfortable and mini traumatic approach in the rehabilitation of the edentate elderly. Therefore an alternative treatment approach will be presented CLINICAL CASE PRESENTATION The Patient, Mr. Z, K, is a 70 year old owner of a joiner's workshop. He suffers from Systemic diseases but is now in a stabilized health condition except the fact that he smoked in the past. He's upper teeth were extracted 15 years ago, and an immediate denture was inserted afterward. After the healing period another definitive complete upper denture was inserted. In the lower jaw (Figure 1; X rays) were teeth that presented different degrees of pathologies and should be extracted. Different options were then presented, the patient finally accepted as solution an Implant -supported over-denture. The Problematic Because former experience the patient strongly opposed a multiple extractions and an immediate insertion of a prosthetic device. He was in the same time convinced of the necessity of a number of Implants supporting the Lower denture .The clinical Central Mersel et al. (2015) Email: Ann Gerontol Geriatric Res 2(1): 1022 (2015) 2/3 not only on technical issues, but also as a result of personal parameters [9]. Therefore a side of a correct oral rehabilitation it's very important to learn the personality of our patient .To understand what are the real motivations, expectations and finally he's acceptation of the treatment planning. Obviously a comprehensive evaluation of the motivation and the commitment of long term cooperation is a basic condition before starting the treatment [10]. First step: A transitional partialdenture on a metallic base was elaborated and delivered. The extraction concerned always by group of 2 or 3 teeth that were immediately replaced in the dental clinic. At the end only remained two last lower molars (Figure 2). The rationale was to provide a sufficient stability to the transitional denture allowing mastication, phonetic and esthetic appearance. Second step: Implantation of four 3.75 mm implants was realized in a classical way without any attempt for an immediate loading since the provisional prosthesis had enough stability by the molars support (Figure 3,4). After 3 months healing and Figure 1 X-Rays Status. Figure 2 Two remaining lower molars. Figure 3 Implantation anterior area. Figure 4 Four gold locators. examination and the radiographic status bring to the conclusion that all the remaining teeth had to be extracted. A bio-ethic approach It is well known that the satisfaction of new dentures depends Figure 5 Four housing for the locators. Figure 6 Provisional Denture. Figure 7 Transitional lower denture. Central Mersel et al. (2015) Email: Ann Gerontol Geriatric Res 2(1): 1022 (2015) 3/3 Mersel A, Jerolimov V, Eisenberg G (2015) Implants: A Minimalistic Management of the Compromised/Elderly Patient. Ann Gerontol Geriatric Res 2(1): 1022. Cite this article osteointegration gold Locator abutments were screwed on the implants (Figure 5). The Female attachments were afterwards adapted to the locators (Figure 6). Third Step: Finally after the extraction of the 2 last molars a new complete lower denture was realized, and the female attachments inserted in the basis of the new denture (Figure 7-9).


Sulphur plant performance and capacity are greatly affected by feed gas quality. Thus, increasing the H2S content of Claus plant feeds is needed when plant throughput is limited or the sour gas has too low an H2S:CO2 ratio for producing satisfactory acid-gas. The key to acid gas enrichment (AGE) is selectivity, and of the generic amines, Nmethyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is the most selective. The FLEXSORB® family of hindered amines is even more selective; however, these solvent are more expensive than


Gain a basic understanding of how to use Library research tools through this series of sequenced videos covering keyword development to searching strategies to interlibrary loan. Learn how to access distance resources while on-site classes are suspended.


The invention discloses a method for detecting the deviation of a shaft-like part from a reference gravity center line on basis of gas suspension and three-dimensional coordinates and a gas suspension device. The gas suspension device comprises a bottom plate, adjustable supporting pins are arranged below the bottom plate, at least two supporting blocks are arranged on the bottom plate, supporting grooves are arranged on the supporting blocks, and gas guide holes are formed at the bottom of the supporting grooves. The method solves the problem of detecting the gravity center of the shaft-like part and other problems are solved by smartly using gas suspension and a three-dimensional detection technique. The structure of the device is simple, the operation of the device is convenient, and the measurement accuracy and repeatability of the device are high.


I Amer. Math. Soc. Colloquium Pub., 13, New York (1932). The letter S denotes the set of all points. 2 These PROCEEDINGS, 28, 550-555 (1942). This paper will be referred to as "C. B." 3 These PROCEEDINGS, 25, 56-58 (1942). 4These PROCEEDINGS, 28, 555-561 (1942). This paper will be referred to as "D. C. B." If the proof of Theorem 6 of this paper is modified only to the extent of replacing the definition of Hn by the requirement that (1) for each n greater than 1, H. be defined as it is there defined for each n and (2) H, be a collection of connected domains properly covering K such that each of them lies in some region of G, and every one of them that intersects M intersects M-K and no one of them that intersects H has a point in common with any one of them that intersects L, then the arc C necessarily lies, except for its end-points, wholly in some component of S-M that contains points of K.


Median tree problems are a powerful tool for inferring large-scale phylogenetic trees that hold enormous promise for society at large. Such problems seek a median tree for a given collection of input trees under some problem-specific distance. Here, we introduce this problem for the classic Manhattan path-difference distance and show that this problem is NP-hard. To address this inherent time complexity we devise an ILP formulation, and an effective local search heuristic that is based on solving a local search problem exactly. Our algorithm for the local search problem improves asymptotically by a factor of n/log n on the best-known (naïve) solution, where n is the size of the input trees. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of our heuristic in a comparative study using large-scale published empirical data sets, and showing its accuracy for small phylogenetic studies by using exact ILP solutions.


Introduction Since the Culture Wars in the United States (U.S.), government influence has been the subject of fierce debate. 'Nudge', written by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein, tries to soften the often hard-edged ideological lines between libertarianism and paternalism. This book is an attempt to steer people in a direction without imposing any limitation on the choices they can make. To do this Thaler and Sunstein used the term 'nudge', in normal parlance, a gentle push to urge into action. The authors gave it a political philosophical meaning: "A nudge [...] is any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people's behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any option or significantly changing their economic incentives."1 They illustrate this with the example of Carolyn who is in charge of hundreds of school cafeterias. She finds out that the food placed at eye level is most consumed by the school children, regardless of whether it is vegetables or fast-food. By arranging the cafeteria in such a way that the healthier food will be consumed more, Carolyn can have a serious influence on the consumption and health of the school children. This is an example of influence without affecting the choice the pupils have. Students can still choose to eat candy bars and fast food.


This paper introduces the features of soil and water loss in coal mine, expounds the conceptions and contents of soil and water loss forecasting, and studies on the forecasting time steps, scopes and methods of the forecasting of soil and water loss in coal mine.


Thriving organizations are often driven by innovation and thought leadership. A patent is an instrument for recognizing innovation and protecting the interests of innovators. A substantial amount of patent data is freely and publicly available; the compilation of this patent data forms a basis for patent mining. Effective patent mining requires patent valuation metrics, such as inventive value, improvement value, and market value. Patent mining can discover and extract knowledge from patent repositories. The discovered knowledge can provide early indications of new market trends, recognition of top inventors, identification of ideal patent law firms, and more. The knowledge gained from patent mining can be a basis for supporting critical business decisions


There are many different reasons why people from different cultures often come across barriers totheir communication.One of the important factors is the differertce in their thinking modes.This articlemakes comparative analysis of the differences in Chinese-English thinking modes and the differences inpragmatic aspect.Understanding these differences will doubtlessly reduce or eliminate the barriers to cross-cultural communication.


Background
Being nonheterosexual and noncisgender appears to be more common among autistic people. This intersection of identities is often stigmatized in research and society. However, we know that community involvement can protect against negative mental health outcomes associated with being a minority; researchers found this effect in separate studies examining participation in the autistic and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, Intersex, Asexual plus other gender and sexual orientation-based identity (LGBTQIA+) communities. This study examined how autistic LGBTQIA+ individuals navigate their multiple marginalized identities and the LGBTQIA+ community.

Methods
Twelve autistic LGBTQIA+ people from the United Kingdom took part in semistructured interviews. Questions focused on identity and community. We analyzed the interviews using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
We identified four overarching themes-Identity (Re)Development, Navigating Authenticity, Exclusion from Community Spaces, and Creating Change. Participants viewed accessing a community of similar others as a means of increasing understanding, self-knowledge, and self-acceptance. We identified several barriers to inclusion, including accessibility and gatekeeping. Participants discussed strategies to combat these obstacles, such as the creation of intersectional community spaces and activism and representation as a means of increasing autism understanding.

Conclusions
This study suggests that similar to other marginalized groups, autistic LGBTQIA+ individuals are motivated to engage in communities relevant to their identities. However, community spaces for autistic LGBTQIA+ are often inaccessible due to social, sensory, and identity-based barriers. Participants highlighted autism understanding as a barrier to coming out both in community and noncommunity settings. This suggests that improving autism acceptance and understanding is crucial to achieve accessible, intersectional, and inclusive community spaces.


Objective:To explore the engraftment, Survival and transplantation-related complications of HLA one locus mismatched unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Method: A 15 years old girl with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia received two units HLA-mismatched unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation. The conditioning regimens were BU-CTX plus ATG and daclizumab GVHD prophylaxis regimen consisted of cyclosporine (CsA) and short course methotrexate (MTX) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).The patient received 4.9×107nucleated cells/kg, with 5.36×105 CD34+ cells/kg. Result:ANC 0.5×109/L occurred at day 15, BPC 50×109/L at day 37, the peripheral blood counts normalization at day 42 and the DNA fingerprinting showing engraftment at day 21, The recipient had survived for 200 days. Conclusion: HLA-mismatched unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation is a feasible procedure to cure a significant proportion of junior with leukemia. Two units of CBT can be used for patients with high weight if the cell number of one unit is not enough.


This paper presents an adaptive band-based super-resolution (SR) algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The original video sequence is divided into high-resolution key frames (KFs) and low-resolution non-key frames (NKFs). In general, DWT separates each frame (including key and upsampled non-key frames) into four bands (LL, LH, HL, and HH). With constructing conditional SR algorithm, quality of non-key frames is iteratively enhanced by reconstruction of lower-frequency bands and compensation of sampling error (or different data). After upsampling NKFs, corresponding information in higher-frequency bands can be compensated with adaptive prediction for motion search. Comparing with the previous work, PSNR of the proposed SR method with mixed upsampling has quality gain up to 0.2 dB.


This paper reports a study of the accounts of pedagogic work provided by Samoan paraprofessionals responsible for forging lines of communication between government secondary schools in an Australian city and state-designated disadvantaged local communities. The paraprofessionals are viewed as representatives of the imagined communities constructed around schools in official state discourses on educational disadvantage and equality. It is shown that the discourses on Samoan pedagogy spoken by the paraprofessionals are appropriated from a highly conflictual field of anthropological and historical knowledge-production. Qualitative analysis of interview data provided by the paraprofessionals indicates that all interviewees emphasized differences in the form and content of pedagogy between the Australian school and the Samoan home and church, attributing these differences to various relations of power and control. In conclusion, it is proposed that the paraprofessionals' accounts should not be read as simply true or untrue, but in terms of their specificity as input to institutional pedagogic work-input with the potential to bring cultural difference into being as it is acted on by teachers and other educational agents.


Objective To analyse the ultrasonographic characteristics of acute scrotal diseases in children,and to investigate its value in diagnosis and differentiation.Methods The morphological features,structures,inner echoes and blood flow of scrotum and testicles in 102 cases were observed with grey-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography,and they were analyzed with clinical manifestations,operation and pathologic depictions.Results In all 102 cases,28 were suffered with testicle appendix torsion,14 with testis torsion,8 cases with acute meningitis,11 with acute orchitis,19 with acute epididymo-orchitis,12 with scrotal hematoma and 10 with acute scrotal infection.The accurate rate of ultrasonography is 96.0%.Conclusion Ultrasonography is the initial modality used for evaluation of symptomatic scrotal diseases for its timely,precise,convenient and noninvasive procedures.


Three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes computations have been performed for the ignition and ame propagation above a liquid fuel (propanol) pool in an airo w duct. Pulsating ame spread behavior occurs if the initial liquid temperature and/or the oxygen mass fraction in the incoming airo w is sucien tly low. The roles of surface-tension-driven o w, gas buoyancy, liquid buoyancy, and hot gas expansion are analyzed. The eects of oxygen mass fraction, pool depth, and pool width are evaluated. An extensive parameter survey determines the regimes of pulsating ame spread and uniform ame spread in the initial temperature/opposed air velocity, pool depth, pool width, or oxygen concentration plane. The two regimes are dened for both earth gravity and microgravity conditions. For narrow pools (2cm), the three-dimensional eects are focused near the poolside edges where the ame front wraps along the poolside edge but remains nearly two-dimensional over most of the pool. For a wider pool (8cm), threedimensional variations in ame shape occur over much of the pool. The behavior of the ame along the poolside edges diers signican tly for earth gravity and microgravity conditions. The supply of oxygen due to buoyancy at the edges is an important factor.


Facial features extraction is one of the essential techniques in automated visual interpretation and recognition of human face.The paper introduces the method for building face models by learning patterns of variability from training set of correctly annotated images.The face models can only deform in ways found in the training set,so it can interpret facial features sufficiently.The result of the experiment shows that the method is effective.


Objective:To find a suitable way of quantitative composition-activity relationship of Chinese herbal for reducing the carcinogen of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) based on uniform design.Method: Chinese herbal active ingredient formula was composed of total flavonoids of glycyrrhiza(TFG),ginkgo biloba extract(GBE),total flavonoids of epimedium(TFE) and astragaloside(AST).The herbal efficacy was detected by scavenging polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vivo.And the mathematical model was constructed to describe the connection between different combinations and their scavenging capacity by the method of least angle regression(LARS) regression.Result: The best effect was in the ratio of TFG 3.144 g·L-1,GBE 0.8 g·L-1,TFE 0.024 g·L-1,AST 0.036 g·L-1.Conclusion: Uniform designed research is one of efficient ways to describe the quantitative composition-activity relationship for reducing the carcinogen of PAHs.


We present observational evidence for a galaxy "type" dependence to the location of a spiral galaxy's disk parameters in the μ0-log h plane. With a sample of approximately 40 low surface brightness galaxies (both bulge- and disk-dominated) and approximately 80 high surface brightness galaxies, the early-type disk galaxies (≤Sc) tend to define a bright envelope in the μ0-log h plane, while the late-type (≥Scd) spiral galaxies have, in general, smaller and fainter disks. Below the defining surface brightness threshold for a low surface brightness galaxy (i.e., more than 1 mag fainter than the 21.65 B mag arcsec-2 Freeman value), the early-type spiral galaxies have scale lengths greater than 8-9 kpc, while the late-type spiral galaxies have smaller scale lengths. All galaxies have been modeled with a seeing-convolved Sérsic r1/n bulge and exponential disk model. We show that the trend of decreasing bulge shape parameter n with increasing Hubble type and decreasing bulge-to-disk luminosity ratio, which has been observed among the high surface brightness galaxies, extends to the low surface brightness galaxies, revealing a continuous range of structural parameters.


The indigo barb Pethia setnai is a threatened small cyprinid endemic to the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot of India. In this study, the length–weight relationship and length–frequency-based population dynamics of this species, which are important prerequisites for effective fisheries management, were investigated for the first time based on specimens collected from the Mhadei River in the northern part of the Western Ghats. Estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were as follows: theoretical maximum length, L∞, 70.88 mm; growth coefficient, k, 1.50 year–1; and theoretical age at length 0, t0, –0.016 years. Natural mortality of P. setnai was higher than fishing mortality, and the present exploitation level (0.37) was less than 60% of the predicted maximum exploitation, suggesting that the species is not exploited to a level that is detrimental to the local population.


Chaotic cold accretion (CCA) profoundly differs from classic black hole accretion models. Using 3D high-resolution simulations, we probe the impact of rotation on the hot and cold accretion flow in a typical massive galaxy. In the hot mode, with or without turbulence, the pressure-dominated flow forms a geometrically thick rotational barrier, suppressing the accretion rate to ~1/3 of the Bondi rate. When radiative cooling is dominant, the gas loses pressure support and quickly circularizes in a cold thin disk. In the more common state of a turbulent and heated atmosphere, CCA drives the dynamics if the gas velocity dispersion exceeds the rotational velocity, i.e., turbulent Taylor number < 1. Extended multiphase filaments condense out of the hot phase via thermal instability and rain toward the black hole, boosting the accretion rate up to 100 times the Bondi rate. Initially, turbulence broadens the angular momentum distribution of the hot gas, allowing the cold phase to condense with prograde or retrograde motion. Subsequent chaotic collisions between the cold filaments, clouds, and a clumpy variable torus promote the cancellation of angular momentum, leading to high accretion rates. The simulated sub-Eddington accretion rates cover the range inferred from AGN cavity observations. CCA predicts inner flat X-ray temperature and $r^{-1}$ density profiles, as recently discovered in M 87 and NGC 3115. The synthetic H{\alpha} images reproduce the main features of cold gas observations in massive ellipticals, as the line fluxes and the filaments versus disk morphology. Such dichotomy is key for the long-term AGN feedback cycle. As gas cools, filamentary CCA develops and boosts AGN heating; the cold mode is thus reduced and the rotating disk remains the sole cold structure. Its consumption leaves the atmosphere in hot mode with suppressed accretion and feedback, reloading the cycle.


We present ActioNet, a groundbreaking lightweight neural network architecture optimized for action recognition tasks, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as drones and edge devices. Utilizing a strategically modified 3D U-Net encoder followed by fully connected layers for fine-grained classification, ActioNet manages to achieve a promising validation accuracy of 72%. This is accomplished with a notably compact model size of just 46MB, making it uniquely suitable for devices with limited computational capabilities. Although ActioNet may not surpass state-of-the-art models in terms of sheer accuracy, it distinguishes itself through its fast inference times and small footprint. These attributes make real-time action recognition not only feasible but also efficient in constrained operational settings. We argue that ActioNet serves as a meaningful contribution to the emerging field of efficient deep learning and provides a solid foundation for future advancements in lightweight action recognition models.


This article is intended to introduce the Reader to the definition of professional secrecy as defined by Polish Organization and Functioning of Pension Funds Act (OFPF Act) and to highlight the essence of the most extensive legal protection of professional secrecy related to the activities of pension funds, which is the penal law protection.


The invention provides a method for accurately calculating a Pin needle quantity of a fan plate connector, comprising the following steps of: 1, according to a heat radiation requirement, determining types of a fan needed by heat radiation of a server, including rated voltage U, rated current I and the quantity m of Pin needles; 2, selecting a type series of the connector according to factory connector information and determining the maximum current value Imax loaded by each Pin needle; 3, setting a current redundancy percentage loaded by each Pin, which is defaulted to be 80%; and 4, utilizing calculation software and filling the information to calculate the minimum Pin needle quantity N needed by the connector.


Introduction: In state and federal prisons, approximately 20 percent of inmates have cardiovascular (CV) disease which is the leading cause of death in inmates. Inmates in the United States have high rates of cigarette smoking and drug abuse, lower socioeconomic and education levels, and high stress living conditions which increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a fitness training and health education intervention on cardiovascular risk reduction in inmates. Hypothesis: there will be a significant decline in CV risk factors following the intervention in the immediate intervention group versus wait-list-control intervention group at 3 months after baseline. Methods: The study enrolled 411 male inmates in four Kentucky state prisons. The intervention comprised 12-weeks of fitness training for 1-hour twice a week and one hour a week health education using a self-care approach. A multiple baselines design was used in which all participants receive...


A study was conducted to determine the effect of low cost drip tape irrigation system on yield and economics of sweet corn in comparison to conventional inline drip irrigation and surface irrigation systems during 2013-14 at Coimbatore, India. The treatment comprises of two drip irrigation systems with three irrigation levels viz., 75, 100 and 125% of pan evaporation (PE) from Class A Pan evaporimeter. Plant height, fresh cob length, girth, number of kernels per cob and single fresh cob weight and yield were higher at 125% PE in conventional in line drip irrigation system and it was statistically at par with drip irrigation at 125% PE in low cost drip tape irrigation system. Water saving was 36, 49 and 62% at 125, 100 and 75% PE, respectively under conventional in line drip irrigation system and drip tape irrigation system as against the surface irrigation. The cost of low cost drip tape system was 68% lower than the conventional inline drip system. The results of the research indicated that based on net income, B:C ratio and GM/TMV ratio, adoption of low cost drip tape irrigation system at 125% PE was found to be best for small and marginal farmers with substantial yield and income compared to conventional inline drip system. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 71-77


I analyze the relation between science and religion from the perspective of embodied cognition. Embodied cognition stresses the need to integrate knowledge with the motives and perceived relevance of organisms. Building on Kim Sterelny's idea of evolving preference structures (new behavioral possibilities benefit from acquiring new accompanying motivations), the paper develops the idea science and religion perform different and complementary roles in societies. Possible implications for current relations between science and religion are discussed.


ABSTRACT
Admadi Janu Prasetyo, NIM : I 0302009. THE INFLUENCE OF AGAVE
CANTULA ROXB FIBRE USAGE TO THE INTERIOR GYPSUM
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH USING TAGUCHI EXPERIMENT. Thesis.
Surakarta : Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret
University, January 2007.
Interior gypsum is gypsum product which is used in frieze art to give
artistic value with the result that a house can be seen more interesting. On the
manufacture process of interior gypsum, gypsum was added with an inorganic
material in the form of lasing fibre, which is known as rowing fibre. Usage of this
lasing fibre was to strengthen interior gypsum from fissure and fracture defects
during production process, occasionally occured at the moment of releasing
printing mould as well as installation moment. These conditions can be minimized
with several methods, among others by improving the compressive strength
quality of the interior gypsum product. According to the previous study ( Dani
Instika, DETERMINING OF OPTIMUM SETTING USING TAGUCHI
METHODS IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF INTERIOR GYPSUM BASED
ON THE EXAMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (A CASE STUDY AT
UD. MAHKOTA SOLO), the obtained result was rowing fibre function as lasing
fibre didn't have an effect on the compressive strength of interior gypsum.
Effort on exploiting other alternative materials as lasing fibre
encourages the researcher to try using an alternative material as substitution of
rowing fibre. This material is natural fibre in the form of Agave Cantula Roxb
fibre.The aim of this research is to find out the influence of Agave Cantula Roxb
fibre usage to the compressive strength of interior gypsum.
According to the data processing, the result obtained from this research
is, the factors which have an effect to compressive strength quality on interior
gypsum at optimal condition are water and fibre volume fraction. Optimum
setting level of compressive strength quality on interior gypsum is obtained when
fibre volume fraction is 0% and water with matrix composition is 6:10. Usage of
Agave Cantula Roxb fibre gives improvement on compressive strength from
actual condition at 2,5% fibre volume faction. Quality loss function for the
company and consumer after optimum setting level lower compared to the actual
condition. Reduction of loss function for company equal to Rp 181,12 and
reduction of loss function for consumer equal to Rp 2102,19.


Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy affecting children under 5 years of age. This study aims to correlate the clinical parameters with RB1 mutation in the light of Knudson's two‐hit hypothesis in Indian RB patients.


Music education and Technology : The need and challenges of cross-boundary research – Evolving bildung through streaming media as a case


A new vitamin D/sub 2/ metabolite, 24,26-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 2/, has been detected in the plasma of rats fed physiologic amounts of vitamin D/sub 2/. The identity of the new metabolite (isolated from cow plasma) was established by ultraviolet absorbance, mass spectroscopy, chemical reactivity, and NMR spectroscopy. Among these, the mass spectrum was unique for the presence of a peak at M - 48 that was attributed to an intramolecular rearrangement involving both the C-24 and C-26 hydroxyl groups. A 300-MHz /sup 1/H NMR spectrum of 40 ..mu..g of metabolite indicated a downfield shift of the C-28 methyl group signal to delta 1.30 and a multiplet at delta 3.66 corresponding to the hydroxylated C-26 methyl group. They determined that the formation of 24,26-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 2/ represented a major pathway for further metabolism of 24-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 2/ in rats, exceeding the formation of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 2/. Standard bioassays revealed that 24,26-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 2/ possessed very little biological activity and most likely represents a deactivation pathway for 24-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 2/.


With the development of the computer network,all kinds of computer virus and hackers flood.The safety of the LAN is facing the harder test.Through configure of firewall and router,and utilization of technologies such as Vpn,the safety and stability of the LAN are insured.


The authors have tried previously to substitute a conventional stellate ganglionblock use of local regional anesthetic agents with low power output laser irradiation on thestellate ganglion. It is necessary for the clarification of a function mechanism compare bothmethods.However, stellate ganglion blocking could not be carried out because it was difficult to getsubjects. Fortunately we were recently able to get some volunteers to help us. In this papera comparison between the conventional stellate ganglion block that uses local anestheticagents and low power output Nd: YAG laser irradiation on the stellate ganglion is described.Facial cutaneous temperature, blood pressure and the pulse rate were measured. Facialcutaneous temperatures were analyzed from the image. (J. Jpn. Soc. Laser Dent. 4: 33-38, 1993 Reprint requests to Dr. Kaneko)


Optimal incentive mechanisms may require that agents are rewarded differentially even when they are completely identical and are induced to act the same. We demonstrate this point by means of a simple incentive model where agents' decisions about effort exertion is mapped into a probability that the project will succeed. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal incentive mechanisms to be discriminatory. We also show that full discrimination across all agents is required if and only if the technology has increasing return to scale. In the non-symmetric framework we show that negligible differences in agents' attributes may result in major differences in rewards in the unique optimal mechanism.


The salinisation of freshwater ecosystems by anthropogenic influences is recognised as one of the largest threats to the highly endemic freshwater fish fauna of south-western Australia. There has also been some recent evidence that secondary salinisation is affecting the parasite community of freshwater fishes. A parasitic trematode, which causes black spot disease in the musculature of native fishes, has previously been tentatively identified as Diplostomum galaxiae, a species first described from a galaxiid fish (Galaxias auratus) in Tasmania. The aims of the current study were to confirm this specific identification using genetic analyses; investigate the host and geographic range of the parasite in south-western Australia; and determine whether the parasite could be a suitable bioindicator of secondary salinisation.

Encysted metacercariae were extracted from preserved fishes in the collection of the Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University, and from a specimen of Galaxias truttaceus from Tasmania, and a section of the 18S rRNA gene sequenced. All parasites from south-western Australia and Tasmania were genetically identical, but did not group with other species in the Diplostomum genus in phylogenetic analyses. Instead, the Australian parasite aligned more closely to a clade containing Posthodiplostomum spp., and several genera from the Strigeidae family. Reclassification of the parasite causing black spot disease in south-western Australian freshwater fishes is thus recommended, following more extensive comparisons with the parasite throughout Australia. In the interim, the parasite has been designated with the temporary name Dip01.

Historical collections of fishes from the West Australian Museum and from the Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University were assessed, to collate records of Dip01 metacercariae. The parasite appears to preferentially infect Galaxias maculatus and Galaxias occidentalis over other species; although it was also found in two percichthyids (a single Nannatherina balstoni and several Bostockia porosa from a single catchment) and has been reported previously from two estuarine fishes (Leptatherina wallacei and Pseudogobius olorum) that have colonised secondarily salinised rivers of the region. The overall prevalence of Dip01 in G. maculatus was 11.7% (95% CI 9.3-14.4%), and in G. occidentalis was 6.1% (4.8-7.7%). The mean intensity of infection in G. maculatus was 3.5 (2.0-7.3) parasites/infected fish, while the mean intensity in G. occidentalis was 7.8 (5.9-10.3) parasites per infected fish. The geographic range of Dip01 closely matches that of the preferred hosts, G. maculatus and G. occidentalis.

Prevalence and intensity data were compared against historical environmental data from the Water Information Reporting database of the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, where available. There was a significant inverse relationship between parasite prevalence and salinity, with Dip01 only occurring in habitats with a conductivity of less than 1,000 μS/cm. Based on these data, the parasite appears to be a useful bioindicator of salinity, as it is restricted to low salinity waters, even though its preferred galaxiid hosts are tolerant of a wide range of salinities.


Laboratory experiments which include the simulation of simultaneous exposure to the multiple traffic sounds and the assessment of subjective annoyance have been used to study the interaction between the noise sources, it's influence on overall annoyance, and the modeling of exposure-response relationships. The aircraft (or railway) noise annoyance is masked by road-traffic noise and the higher levels the road-traffic noise has, the lower aircraft (or railway) annoyance the subject rates. For combined noise which two sources have similar sound levels or equally annoying levels, the overall annoyance is higher than the maximum source-specific annoyance, while, for combined noise in which the level of one source was 10 dB or higher than that of the other, the overall annoyance was equal to the maximum source-specific annoyance. An annoyance model for a combined noise exposure was developed using a weighted summation method, and the integration of noise perception resembles the summation of the acoustic pressure of each source.


This study aims to describe how the implementation of appropriate tax planning in order to minimize the payment of income tax. In optimizing tax planning, a strategy that can be done is to make a nominative list related to entertainment expenses, management of food facilities, health and communication for employees, the use of the gross-up method in calculating employee salaries. Tax planning resulted in tax savings of IDR 7,022,500.00. The available cash flow from the tax savings can be maximized to support other operational activities.


The retroperitoneal approach is generally avoided because of the reduced working space, the difficulties in robot positioning and the risk of arms conflict. A new robotic retroperitoneal approach is presented that can be applied for upper urinary tract pathology and adrenal pathology.


An exhaustive study of the diamagnetic susceptibilities of the two types of azeotropic binary mixtures has been made with a view to find out any correlation between the magnetic data and the azeotropic behavior of the mixtures. The results obtained in the case of seventeen mixtures show that in almost all the cases additive law is obeyed even at the azeotropic concentrations. The small deviation from additivity observed in the case of ethanol-ethyl acetate mixture is explained on the basis of the formation of hydrogen The bonds. The magnetic data are not affected by the azeotropic nature of the mixtures.


Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collections of wireless devices with restricted broadcast range and resources and no fixed infrastructure. Communication is achieved by relaying data along appropriate routes that are dynamically discovered (on-demand) and maintained through collaboration between the nodes. Routing is the basic network functionality that supports communication for multi hop mobile ad hoc networks. Discovery of such routes is a major task both from efficiency and security points of view. Recently, Acs, Buttyan and Vajda (ABV) introduced a security model to meet the specific requirements of MANETs. It promises security guarantee under concurrent executions. A novel route discovery algorithm called EndairA was proposed together with a claimed security proof within the same model (ABV model). By analyzing the routing algorithms, Source Routing Protocol (SRP) and Ariadne, ABV proved that they are vulnerable to hidden channel attacks i.e. the presence of faulty nodes in the network which gives the fault route and hence proposed a secure routing algorithm, endairA. But in this paper, it is analyzed and shown that the security proof for the route discovery algorithm, endairA is flawed due to hidden channel attack. To overcome the flaw of EndairA, an E-EndairA algorithm is proposed here. E-EndairA algorithm uses acknowledgement based reply to find secured routes which provides more security and overcomes the hidden channel attack in the existing approaches.


The method assistance joined by an aircraft from a flight plan, the flight plan being composed of a number N of flight segments (LeGI, ic [1, N]), the flight segment defined by LEGietant a starting end (WPTI-1) and an inlet end (WPTI), in a navigation mode called "managed mode", the aircraft having left temporarily managed mode and being remote from the flight plan after crossing a waypoint (WPTp, p ⊂ [1, N]), the aircraft occupying a position (PPOS) and seeking to reach the flight plan to follow in managed mode, said method comprising a distance evaluation step separation (Dj, ic [p + 1, N]) between the position (PPOS) of the aircraft and each waypoint (WPTj, ic [p + 1, N]) is characterized in that it comprises determining local minimum of the distance between the position (PPOS) of the aircraft and the waypoints (WPTj, ic [p + 1, N]) of the flight plan.


A method and system for enhancing the grayscale resolution of display systems using 8-bit imaging arrays. The grayscale resolution is increased by providing a resolution greater than 8 bits. The on-time for each shade is subdivided in two sub-frames. During a first subframe, a full intensity light source is turned on and the imaging array processes five most significant bits of data, while least significant bits are stuffed with zeros. During a second subframe, the light source is turned on at reduced intensity and the imaging array processes the three least significant bits, which are left-shifted. The data byte for the second subframe is filled out using Digital Signal Processor (DSP) data obtained by over-sampling or interpolation. The lower order bits may be also stuffed with zeros.


Improving the quality of learning in universities can basically be done through a macro-scale approach or with a micro approach through improving the learning situation in the classroom. A macro approach has been largely done by creating national and regional policies. However, micro approaches, such as those undertaken by lecturers through classroom climate studies, have not been made a systematic effort to improve learning processes. The second approach requires the ability and willingness of self-evaluation of the lecturer; Ideally, this second approach should be more optimized as it is a college effort to provide service satisfaction to its internal customers, namely students. This study aims to develop and validate the classroom climate inventory for use in universities. The inventory consists of two forms, the actual and preferred form adapted from the Colleges and Universities Classroom Environment Inventory (CUCEI). The research was conducted on 1,244 undergraduate students from various universities in some provinces such West Sumatera, Riau and Gorontalo. From the analysis result, it can be concluded that both the actual and preferred form of college classroom climate are valid and reliable, so it can be used to conduct further research at universities. Keywords—classroom climate; inventory; development; validation; university


OPTIC NERVE DEMYELINATION, COMPRESSION, TRAUMA, AND ISCHEMIA are well-defined clinical entities that commonly result in severe visual loss. ",2 Previous therapeutic intervention for these optic neuropathies has produced disappointing visual results and has been limited almost completely to the administration of oral or intravenous corticosteroids. Until recently,3-"1 surgical treatment of optic nerve disease has been regarded as a somewhat whimsical footnote in ophthalmic history. 12-21 A few selected patients with a variety of optic neuropathies have been managed surgically with optic nerve sheath decompression (ONSD),3-21 and preliminary report of uncontrolled and/or nonrandomized retrospective studies have suggested a possible beneficial effect. However, its acceptance as a rational management strategy has been limited. The skepticism surrounding ONSD has been reinforced by the supposed beneficial effect of a single operation upon what appears to be so many apparently diverse pathologic conditions of the optic nerve.3-21 Contributing to the controversy surrounding ONSD has been the limited knowledge about the ability of the optic nerve to regenerate following pathologic insults. This thesis presents new data indicating that ONSD improves the velocity and, most likely, the flow of blood to the optic disc. The findings about perfusion of the optic disc are considered in the context of experimental models of various optic neuropathies. With this experimental pathologic background, the hypothesis evolves that improvement ofblood flow to the optic nerve produces visual improvement when the disease process does not disrupt the ultrastructural integrity of the axons. Therefore, the procedure may benefit many apparently diverse conditions of the optic nerve by influencing the final common pathway of blood flow to the optic nerve.


This study is based on a case study on a recent knowledge and technology transfer in the IC firms and interesting insights gained. The transfer methodology and the performance were investigated. Based on an in depth evaluation of the project setup and a lessons learned workshop after the project, improvements to the project setup are proposed. The IC firm extends semiconductor manufacturing sites (wafer fabs) for rapidly growing IC market. One multi national companies built new fabs and have to transfer the manufacturing knowledge and technology to new sub-fabs. This study purpose is to propose an efficient methodology for multinational intra-firm knowledge and technology transfer (MIFKTT) in the IC firms.


In order to achieve the fine adjustment on driving wheel braking control of the traction control system(TCS) for vehicles,the high speed on-off valve of the vehicle hydraulic-brake system was analyzed,a pulse-width modulation(PWM) control rule was determined by the test,and an intelligent PWM controller was designed based on neural network PI.The simulation was performed using the AMESim and MATLAB co-simulation platform oriented to TCS,and the results show that the intelligent PWM based TCS driving wheel braking control is able to nicely adjust the braking pressure and improve the vehicle accelerating performance effectively.


Newcastle disease virus has been shown to incite several pathologic expressions in mammals as well as birds. Brandly et al. (1946), Reagan et al. (1949), Wenner et al. (1950), and Hofstad (1950) demonstrated the pathogenicity for the mammal of several strains of virus when introduced by the intracerebral route. Intravenous inoculation of rabbits with the virus resulted in rapid and high thermal response (Bennet and LeQuire, 1949). Experiments of Burnet (1942) suggest that the virus may be "toxic" for mice by nasal instillation if dual exposure is made. The ability of Newcastle disease virus to multiply in mammalian hosts appears to be quite limited. Reagan and associates (1949) have reported successful passages of one strain, 11914, in hamsters and transmission of the virus to mice and bats. Using the 11914 and Victoria strains, Kilham (1950) found suckling mice to be susceptible. Upton of our laboratory has confirmed Kilham's observation with a number of strains.


This paper describes evaluation of surface stress distribution in single-crystal silicon (SCS) microstructure using laser Raman spectroscope. An in-house uniaxial tensile tester was employed to apply the uniaxial tensile stresses to SCS (001)[100] and (001)[110] film specimens with a number of microscale convex structures. A linear relationship between the applied tensile stress and Raman peak shift increment was obtained from Raman spectroscopy at a flat section of the specimen. Raman spectroscopy was also conducted to observe nonuniform stress distribution around the convex structures under uniaxial tensile loading. In observations around a convex structure, "two-curve fitting" was adopted for the asymmetric spectrum, which had been observed clearly under the tensile stresses of over 1000 MPa. The two-curve fitting was able to separate information of the top corner from that of the bottom one at the edge. The stress distribution estimated by the two peak positions was much closer to finite element analysis (FEA) results than that obtained by the one peak position.


Binary mixtures of ultracold atoms are of great interest in the research field of quantum optics and are studied by several groups aiming at different applications. This paper works with rubidium and caesium, which are simultaneously stored in a magnetic trap. Species-selective microwave cooling is used on the rubidium groundstate hyperfine transition. Caesium is sympathetically cooled via elastic collisions with rubidium. When cooling down the mixture to temperatures below 1 muK, below 4 muK we observe strong losses of caesium. Analysing the dynamics of sympathetic cooling, lower limit for the modulus of the rubidium-caesium triplet s-wave scattering length is estimated.


In this work was made the sensorial analyse of the hydro alcoholic extracts of different types of oak: Quercus petraea L., Quercus robur Libel, which are growing in France, East Europe (Moldavia, Romania, Ukraine) and of white American oak (Quercus alba) in union with spectrophotometrical analyse. Proceeding from the sensorial analyse, the examined samples of East European oak are characterized by the predominance of caramel–candy flavour, in comparison with the spice flavour specific for the American and French oak.


This paper discusses some critical issues relating to the commercialisation of microfinance sector in Sri Lanka. It presents a theoretical background on Formal Microfinance institutions, the macro environment of Microfinance, demand for and supply of microfinance services and factors affecting the success of MFIs. The criti cal issues identified, relate to interest rates, the role of the government and the role of the donors. The paper emphasises the fact that commercialisation of microfinance sector has to be achieved through the commercialisation of deposit mobilisation and lending operations. This implies the marketisation of both these operations and increasing of efficiency and competitiveness.


Underactuated mechanical systems are gaining interest as they can sometimes provide the desired motion or functionality at reduced cost due to their using fewer expensive actuators. The term "underactuated" refers to the fact that such mechanical systems have fewer actuators than degrees of freedom, which makes them very difficult to control. Moreover, underactuated robots have nonlinear dynamics which must be tackled with nonlinear control techniques. Furthermore, control theory for underactuated mechanical systems has been an active area of research for the past 15-20 years. Most of the research has focused on local and global asymptotic stabilization by feedback. Underactuated systems can either possess nonminimum phase or minimum phase characteristics. For minimum phase underactuated systems, the stabilization problem is rather simple and many existing control design methodologies have been proved powerful in providing a solution to this problem.For nonminimum phase underactuated systems, asymptotic stabilization problem has been, and still is, an attractive subject to the researchers in the field of nonlinear control system and theory. In particular, global asymptotic stabilization (GAS) at a desired equilibrium point of such systems by means of a single smooth static or dynamic state feedback law is still largely an open problem in the literature. In this thesis, the problem of GAS via a smooth static state feedback law is addressed for a class of an underactuated nonlinear system that is affine (possibly non affine) in the control, partially feedback linearizable, nonminimum phase and (possibly) has a non-integrable acceleration constraint. The core result of the thesis is formulated through a theorem that the author refers to through this thesis asthe Legend of Salah Salman (LSS) Theorem. LSS theorem states the existence of a smooth static state feedback law that globally asymptotically stabilizes the origin of the nonlinear underactuated system that is characterized above. The form of the feedback law is also explicitly provided in the theorem. The author makes a compelling argument of the importance of the characterized class of systems in practical applications and refers to several challenging benchmark examples that have been proposed as test beds for new theories and developments. In this respect, the author studies the application of LSS theorem to benchmark problems of underactuated systems: the inertial wheel pendulum, the TORA, the VTOL aircraft, the beam and ball system, the acrobot, the cart-pole system. The pendubot, the rotational inverted pendulum and other systems are also discussed in this thesis. Theoretical and simulation results show that LSS Theorem significantly simplifies the control design, and provides solutions to some of the most challenging stabilization problems in today's control literature.%%%%Les systemes sous-actionnes sont de plus en plus d'interet puisqu'ils peuvent parfois produire le mouvement ou la fonctionnalite desiree a cout reduit en raison de leur usage d'un nombre…


─ In this work, a millimetre-wave aperture– coupled antenna was offered by mode synthesis. In order to increase half power beam width (HPBW), the present study united a TM010 mode, which was generated by aperture slot of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), and a zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) mode of a metamaterial polarizer mushroom. The results were confirmed by an equivalent circuit and a full wave simulator. Moreover, to prevent mm-wave fed loss, the study made use of a SIW feed with a slot which reduced the interference between a feed and a mushroom metamaterial structure as a polarizer antenna. The proposed antenna was fabricated and measured at 35 GHz. The simulated results roughly agreed with the measured results. Index Terms ─ Aperture–coupled antenna, Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW), Zeroth-Order Resonance (ZOR).


PURPOSE: A system for processing information of a public traffic is provided to build, analyze, and manage public traffic information, and to guide in detail users who use the public traffic the public traffic information. CONSTITUTION: A database(10,20) processes special data and property data related to region and public traffic of the region. A public traffic management processor(30) processes to display a map of zone corresponding to the database in a screen according to inputted search condition. The map includes bus stations of the zone. A public traffic analyzing processor(40) processes to provide result by analyzing a using status of a road corresponding to the database according to the inputted search condition. An output processor(50) processes to output bus lines and the property data overlapped with the special data. The bus lines corresponds to the database according to the inputted search condition. A public traffic guidance processor(60) provides the public traffic using information corresponding to the database according to the inputted search condition.


This paper presents the configuration and main functions of train communication network, expounds the features of industrial ethernet,elaborates the application of industrial ethernet on HXD3 series locomotive,analyzes the application prospect of industrial ethernet on train communication network.


In designing learning materials there is often the assumption that all trainees will learn in a similar manner. This approach ignorees the important issue of individual differences in cognitive style. Cognitive style may be defined as an individual's consistent approach to organising and processing information during thinking. Style does not appear to be related to intelligence and reflects qualitative rather than quantitative differences between individuals in their thinking processes. Here the authors argue that conventional training design methodologies (whilst acknowledging learning style) appear to lack the theoretical and empirical bases to acknowledge the important role played by cognitive style in determining learning performance. The aim of the article is to consider the relationship between learning performance, learning strategies and cognitive style and to suggest ways in which human resource development practitioners may accommodate individual differences in style in order that the effectiveness of training and development interventions may be improved.


on the passions and errors of the soul, published in 1525. Such criticisms, however, do not detract from the main value of this book as a clear exposition in English of interesting and, in their own day, influential theories of the emotions. First of all, we want to compliment Dr Paul Maquet from Belgium for this highly accomplished translation of a difficult text. "latrophysics" is a concept in the history of medicine that is immediately associated with the Italian school of Borelli and Bellini. We only have to think of their influence upon such scholars as Archibald Pitcairne and Hermann Boerhaave, to evaluate the importance of Borelli's work De motu animalium in the history of science and medicine. Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679) was a contemporary of Malpighi during his stay at Pisa as a professor of mathematics. Malpighi was deeply impressed by Borelli's scientific methods of studying muscular movement in animals along the lines of mathematics, which had never been done before. We may assume that Borelli was interested in Malpighi's concepts of the structure of muscular tissue. These elements can be found in De motu animalium, which was published in two parts in Rome in 1680 and 1681. A German translation of the first part of this work was prepared by Max Mengeringhausen in 1927 and published in Leipzig in the series of Oswalds Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften. To the best of my knowledge, no other attempts were made until Dr Maquet started his translation of the complete work, advised by several highly qualified Belgian scholars. No wonder the representative of Springer Verlag eagerly accepted the manuscript for a worldwide publication. It got what it deserved, a distinguished layout, a very trim and neat printing, a glossary, and Borelli's eighteen tables bound separately inside the back cover. May this book stimulate scholars to study Borelli again, not only for his importance to iatrophysicists, but also in relation to his Italian contemporaries. No library of scientific standing should miss this book! The history of English philanthropy in the eighteenth century has long been both under-researched and under-conceptualized, a deplorable situation now largely put to rights, thanks to the perceptive thematic and chronological clarifications in Donna Andrew's intelligent, well-documented, and lucid monograph. One is above all glad to see that her interpretative framework is sufficiently ample to embrace the complex texture of motives and expectations surrounding Georgian charitable impulses. The desire …