Both hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) are major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).An estimated 350 million people worldwide are living with chronic HBV infection,and 200 million with chronic HCV infection.Each year,an estimated 500 000 people die of HCC caused by chronic HBV infection,and another 200 000 HCC cases caused by chronic HCV infection.The most important predictors of HCC risk in persons who have chronic HBV infection are persistently elevated serum levels of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Other HCC risk predictors for chronic hepatitis B patients include HBV genotype C infection,HBV basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A mutants,male sex,older age,family HCC history,habitual alcohol consumption,and co-infection with HCV or HIV.Based on the dataset of REVEAL-HBV study,easy-to-use nomograms using noninvasive clinical characteristics have been developed for accurate prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B.The most important predictors of HCC risk in persons who have chronic HCV infection include elevated serum levels of HCV RNA and ALT,HCV genotype and older age.In the REVEAL-HCV study,participants with detectable HCV RNA level,elevated serum ALT levels and genotype 1 HCV infection had the highest risk of hepatocellular carcinoma showing a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio(95 percent confidence interval) of 21.87(5.09-93.95),compared with those with undetectable HCV RNA level and low serum ALT levels as the referent group.These findings have strong implications for the management of chronic hepatitis C.


This article shows the relations between the executive and judicial branches. For that is using the example of France, Mexico and Colombia. This analysis shows how in the two first countries the confrontation between the branches is the reason for the creation of the special judge knowledge as Council of State. In Colombia this judge was created by the legislative power, but it always had been the partner of the government, because it helps in many situations the acts of the executive branch.


The mechanical and electrical descending beam patterns used in mobile communication base station smart antenna which composed of radiating elements of array with inclined polarization are computed and discussed.The results indicated that the mechanical descending beam patterns are more benefit to communication than the electrical descending for free space patterns in a vertical plane,direct incidence ground field strength distributions and ratios of cross polarization in a horizontal plane.But the electrical descending beam patterns are more convenient than the mechanical descending for outdoors construction and network on-line debugging.


A NEW NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique has made it possible to obtain information on the dynamics of key amino acid side chains in the proteasome, a huge protein complex much larger than other biomolecules generally analyzed by NMR ( Nature , DOI: 10.1038/ natureo5512). The technique, developed by postdoc Remco Sprangers and biochemistry professor Lewis E. Kay of the University of Toronto, has two aspects. One is an isotope-labeling scheme that involves protonation of methyl groups in leucine, isoleucine, and valine residues in a protein that is otherwise highly deuterated. This scheme simplifies the spectrum by permitting the NMR spectrometer to focus only on the labeled methyl groups and essentially ignore everything else. This isotope-labeling scheme is combined with transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy (TROSY), an approach that optimizes spectral sensitivity and resolution by increasing the time over which NMR signals from methyl groups can be detected. A related TROSY method ...


In Malaysia, Outcomes Based Education (OBE) is translated through the implementation of Malaysia Qualification Framework (MQF) which is a legal requirement (Malaysian Qualifications Agency Act 2007) for higher education institution in securing program accreditation. However, there are challenges in OBE implementation which it is still at nurturing stage among educators while among student, it might be still at infancy stage and took some time to be established and culturized. With Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR4), universities are demanded to adopt new way of how academic matters been managed, operated and rapidly improvised with targeted opportunities and calculated risks. One of the potential technologies in IR4 to deal with such issues is by using digital technology like software based visual analytics approach. This technology can assist student to manage their academic performance through data driven decision-making approach which strongly impact student's self-efficacy level. Our study aims to develop a technology called Smart OBE Academic Planner (SOBEAP) to instill self-efficacy while internalizing OBE among student. This technology adopts visual digital analytics approach with decision modeling based on MQF. Key outcomes from this study produced specific decision models for student to manage their academic performance by adopting self-efficacy skills through SOBEAP. It capable to analyze the effectiveness of student's study strategies while producing insights (opportunity and risk) for student to manage their future academic performance.


The results from a statistical analysis of indoor radio propagation data that were collected from two modern office buildings are presented. The data base for this analysis consists of 12000 measurements (6000 in each building) taken at specific locations throughout the buildings. The data consists of the measured complex transfer function of the indoor channel. The complex impulse response is obtained from an inverse Fourier transform. Values for the root mean square delay spread ( tau /sub rms/), coherence bandwidth (B/sub C/), and path loss are given. The results indicate that tau /sub rms/ is typically between 18 and 35 nanoseconds, that B/sub C/ is typically between 4 and 11 MHz, and that B/sub C/ and tau /sub rms/ are linearly related. Also, the results indicate that B/sub C/ (and hence, tau /sub rms/) is a strong function of path loss. The authors also present results from autoregressive modeling and show how they correspond to traditional channel characterization techniques like tau /sub rms/.<<ETX>>


The mechanism of generation of motion-blurred image was given.A mathematics model of motion-blurred image was built up.In addition,A procedure for estimating Point Spread Function(PSF) of motion-blurred was provided.The aerial vehicle platform and related system were quickly moving relative to ground target during the image data collection.The image might become blurred.The motion-blurred images could be restored using restoration of image.In restoration methods,Wiener filter is less sensitive to noise than inverse filter for the restoration of motion-blurred images,however,there is a large edge-error.This paper presents the optimal window technique for the restoration of motion-blurred images.With these optimal windows,near-perfect restorations can be obtained if the images vary gradually in intensity near their edge.


By the virtue of the high static sensitivity, many applications of the principle of pneumatic micrometer prevail not only in the instrumentation engineering but metrology. Among them, the vacuum type pneumatic micrometer, developed recently, is considered to suit for measuring means of servomechanisms by the reasons of no requirement of constant pressure tank and the wide range of linear response with higher sensitiveness than the ordinary compressed air type one. The dynamical response of the pneumatic micrometer is considered to be quite important for its application to servomechanism. By the experimental investigation and the analytical study, we concluded that, under a certain amount of static gain, the time constant of the transient response of the indication is inversely proportional to the effective area of the nozzle and proportional to the volume of the dead space between the nozzles and the pressure indicator.


Objective Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) discectomy is a reliable endoscopic technique in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. However, UBE discectomy involves a single-handed manipulation, which may compromise the utility of the procedure. The present study was performed to examine the efficacy and safety of a novel pin-assisted retraction technique. Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study involved 57 consecutive patients who underwent UBE lumbar discectomy from July 2021 to May 2022. The patients were randomly divided into the pin-assisted UBE discectomy group (P-UBE group) and the traditional UBE discectomy group (T-UBE group). The patients' perioperative data, clinical outcomes, and radiologic outcomes were collected and compared between the two groups. Results The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, endoscopic irrigation volume, and overall complication rate were significantly lower in the P-UBE group than in the T-UBE group. There were no significant differences in the clinical outcome data between the two groups. Conclusion P-UBE discectomy may have superior safety and efficacy over the traditional technique, and it has the potential to serve as an optional method in UBE lumbar surgery.


Outlines the changes which have occurred in the hospitality business environment during the period 19901995 and reviews the resulting changes in skills, attitudes and competences now required of hospitality managers. It is important that these developments are reflected in the hospitality operations management curriculum. Discusses ways in which this might happen and discusses new curriculum styles and teaching materials which aim to achieve this result.


Background: Psychotropic medications can be associated with various types of teratogenic effects and adverse effects in infants during breast feeding.Their occurrence is multifactorial.Hence choice of psychotropic medication becomes important.Published Indian research in this area is lacking. Aims: To study effects of psychotropic medications on pregnancy and breast feeding in women having psychiatric syndromes. Methods: Women attending Psychiatry OPD of a general hospital,receiving psychotropic medications for psychiatric syndromes were followed up for occurrence of teratogenic effects on the foetus and adverse effects in infants during breast feeding. Results: Sample consisted of 13 women whose mean age was 29.76 years. Mean duration of years of marriage was 3½ years and mean years of illness was 4½ years.They were receiving psychotropic medications for a mean duration of 4 years1month.The period of exposure to psychotropic medication was between 2 months to 1year 6 months with mean of 2.8 months.The number of psychotropic medications received ranged from 1 to 4.They included Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Atypical antipsychotics Benzodiazepines, Antiepileptics and Mood stabilizers. Three women had abortion, two having medical termination of pregnancy and one having spontaneous abortion. Of the ten live births one child had abnormalities of right lower limb - genu valgum.No adverse effects on infants during breast feeding were observed. Conclusion: Psychotropic medications can result in termination of pregnancy or other foetal abnormalities. Psychoeducating patients and their care givers about these effects is essential for better coping with such eventualities.


Conditions on the metric coefficients are derived in order for a three-dimensional electromagnetic field in a source free homogeneous space to be decomposed into transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) parts. The relationship between scalar and vector potentials and the equation satisfied by the vector potential component are also given.


We consider a finite horizon Markov decision process with delayed state availability. We show that at state t, a sufficient statistic is the state of the system at stage t-k and all actions taken from stage t-k through stage t-1, given that the state of the system at stage t-k is the most recent state value made available. Further, we present a bound that relates the value functions of the k-delay and the (k-1)-delay cases.


Two new Andean species of Hoplopeza Bezzi are described and illustrated: Hoplopeza colombiana sp. nov. and Hoplopeza rafaeli sp. nov. These species are the first record from the Andean ecosystem of Colombia. In addition, the genus is diagnosed, the first description of the female terminalia, as well as a key and distribution map of the Andean species of the genus are presented.


In philosophy, what the theories by Marx and Engles are concerned with and emphasize is not all the same. Marx lays more stress on the role that subject plays on object (i.e. the revolution and criticism in practice), while Engles pays more attention to restrictive function that object exerts on subject (i.e. the theory of reflection in comprehension). Being a successor of the Marxist theory, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping have reflected respectively the philosophical features of Marx and Engles. They have clear distinction in their thoughts and actions as far as subject and object, ideal and reality, activity and reflection, destructive and constructive, radicalism and incrementalism, productive power and productive relationship, and the like. As a result, in the process of leading the Chinese Revolution and construction, they have produced entirely different historical influence and created the successive yet quite different culture in China.


This chapter offers a personal response to some of Berlin's silent Jewish memorial spaces. It is a self-consciously symbolic and reflexive contrast to the sense of joyful noise that dominates the rest of the book. Beyond an aural version of erasure, unspeakability, or the space for reflection upon it, the chapter argues that these silent spaces must always be heard as part of their surrounding urban environment, refracting wider spatial practices and dis/order. When conventions are reversed—when the present is silent—the past can resound in surprising and provocative ways, collapsing spatial and temporal borders and escaping the ritualized boundaries of formal commemoration. This is explored through two different memorial situations: the disturbing resonances and transgressive processes of a collective silent walk and Gleis 17 railway memorial's opening up of heterotopic "gaps" in time. Each of these examples, in different ways, frames a slippage between urban sound and memorial silence, creating a parallel symbolic space that the past and the present can inhabit simultaneously. In its unpredictable fluidity, silence becomes a mobile and subversive force, producing an imaginative space that is ambiguous, affective, and deeply meaningful. The chapter argues that the contemporary urban soundscape that slips through these silent cracks problematizes the narrative hegemony of memorial itself.


The residual stress distribution in a brittle polycrystalline solid may have a significant influence on its toughness. Grains in a state of residual compression are less likely to be fractured by a growing crack and may trap the crack front or be left behind as bridging particles (Evans et al., 1977). This paper estimates the toughness enhancement due to intergranular residual stresses, using a three-dimensional model. The residual stress is approximated as a doubly sinusoidal distribution acting perpendicular to the plane of an initially straight semi-infinite crack. An incremental perturbation method developed by Bower and Ortiz (1990) for solving three-dimensional crack problems is extended here to cracks loaded by nonuniform remote stresses. It is used to calculate the shape of the semi-infinite crack as it propagates through the doubly sinusoidal residual stress. It is shown that the local regions of compression may trap the crack front and give rise to some transient toughening. In addition, if the residual stress exceeds a critical magnitude, pinning particles may be left in the crack wake. However, for practical values of residual stress and grain size, the predicted toughness enhancement is insignificant. Furthermore, the analysis cannot account for the large bridging zones observed in experiments. It is concluded that the R-curve behavior and bridging particles observed in monolithic ceramics are caused by mechanisms other than residual stresses acting perpendicular to the crack plane.


We consider biorthogonal systems of functions associated to derivatives of orthogonal polynomials in the case of general weights. For Freud polynomials, it is proved that the derivatives of any orders of them constitute Hilbertian bases in the space of weighted square integrable functions.


In this paper, we propose a modification of the RPL routing protocol by introducing the SISLOF Objective Function ensuring that only motes that share a suitable key can join the RPL routing table. This will ensure that all IoT network motes connect in a secure method. SISLOF uses the concept of key pre-distribution proposed by Eschenauer and Gligor in the context of the Internet of Things. First, we discuss related work that provide evidence that the key pre-distribution scheme in the context of the IoT with default RPL metrics fails to achieve the full network connectivity using the same ring size, however full time connectivity can be achieved but with a great cost in term of the large rings sizes. We introduce the SISLOF Objective Function and explain the modification it does to the RPL messages (DIO and DAO). We finally show the performance of the key pre-distribution in the context of the Internet of Things when SISLOF is used as the Objective Function of the RPL routing protocol.


Implementing innovations is important for firms to grow, but appropriating the returns from the innovations is also important. The ability to appropriate the returns from innovations is said to vary between industries, and yet it can also vary between firms in the same industry. This study is interested in inter-firm differences in the appropriability. Some firms in the same industry may enjoy a higher appropriability, but others may suffer from a lower one. Canon, a Japanese corporation, seems to be the former case. Why Canon's appropriability is higher than its competitors is answered via analyses of their inkjet printer business practices. In the analyses, Canon's inkjet printers which were sold mainly in the 1990s come under discussion. The study suggests and uses the idea "profit profile." This is a concept of grouping the product architecture with the profit allocation of the product. Based on a profit profile, product architecture can be used as the framework for analyzing the profit structure of the product. The study shows that Canon used 3 types of architectures and they change them flexibly, according to their competitive environment. Through the concept of "profit profile," it is explainable why Canon's appropriability is higher than its competitors.


SummaryThe cultural requirements of an unnamed brown capped Agaricus strain (W4 II) were investigated. Preliminary studies were confined to identifying the most suitable substrate on which to grow this fungus and the most favourable temperature at which to sustain fructification. The extracellular mushroom enzyme laccase, produced in direct proportion to its fungal biomass, was used to assess the degree of mushroom colonization in a range of prepared composts. The potential for commercial cultivation of this mushroom is discussed.


Alternative technologies for transport have been appearing throughout the last decades with electric vehicles showing great potential. Tools for assessing the potential of EV (Electrical vehicles) utilization are lacking. The scope of this thesis was to design such a tool and to use it for a preliminary research on the EV potential of business vehicles and fleets in Reykjavík, Iceland. A model was designed and programmed that analyzes some important aspects regarding the EV potential of conventional vehicles, based on driving data collected by the vehicles under inspection. Driving data were collected by 368 vehicles. The vehicles were divided into 3 different size classes each represented by a model EV. Two versions of the program were designed having a few differing configurations and features. Version 1 was revealed to be more error prone than version 2 with the latter giving more reliable results. The EV potential of the data collecting vehicles was assessed using version 2 only. The main program output parameters used were the failure day percentage and average daily driving. Three scales were designed each having different strictness on which vehicles are considered to have EV potential. Using the method designed and a scale which allows vehicles failing on up to 5% of days to be considered as having EV potential, 50% of business vehicles have EV potential. Class 3 has the most EV potential with 62.8% of vehicles qualifying as having EV potential while only 29% of class 1 vehicles have EV potential. Based on the 0-5% failure day scale 87.5% of businesses in Reykjavík could replace up at least 40% of their fleets with EVs and half of the businesses could replace at least 50%. Version 3 was proposed which is based on version 2 of the program with added improvements of versions 1 features which were lacking in version 2. Future improvements on the overall method, model and program are suggested.


With adverse selection, diseconomies of scale associated with hierarchies may induce the implementation of a second-best technology. This occurs whenever rents to lower tiers of the hierarchy increase faster than total surplus. This is more likely with longer hierarchies.


Let α be an algebraic integer of degree d, not 0 or a root of unity, all of whose conjugates α i are confined to a sector |arg z| ≤ θ. We compute the greatest lower bound c(θ) of the absolute Mahler measure (Π i=1 d max(1, |α i |)) 1/d of α, for θ belonging to nine subintervals of [0, 2π/3]. In particular, we show that c(π/2) = 1.12933793, from which it follows that any integer α ¬= 1 and α ¬= e ±iπ/3 all of whose conjugates have positive real part has absolute Mahler measure at least c(π/2). This value is achieved for α satisfying α + 1/α = β 0 2 , where β 0 = 1.3247... is the smallest Pisot number (the real root of β 0 3 = β 0 + 1)


In this paper, we report a simple hydrothermal method for preparation of ultrathin carbon-coated CdS (CdS@C) nanobelts. The CdS@C nanobelts show superior electrochemical properties as an anode material for Li-ion batteries. The optimized CdS@C composites deliver a reversible capacity around 910 mAhg−1 and 48 mAhg−1 at 0.1 Ag−1 and 30.0 Ag−1, respectively. Moreover, the optimized nanobelts are also potential materials for Na storage. A stable capacity around 240 mAhg−1 is obtained at 0.1 Ag−1, even after 100 cycles.


This paper investigates possible paths of East Asian Monetary Integration. After a brief analysis of current discussions on East Asian economic and monetary integration, the paper presents possible implications of Europe's EMU project for East Asia and the political economy of East Asia as constraints on East Asia's way towards monetary integration. The paper argues that whichever paths East Asia selects, countries in the region have to devise measures that can lead to stability convergence, which was the main success factor for the introduction of single currency in Europe. The paper also presents seven possible paths for East Asian monetary integration, and argues that only four of them are feasible strategic choices. The paper concludes that although all these four paths are potential candidates, they have to be complemented by additional policy instruments. The paper suggests these additional measures be targeted at intensifying stability convergence in East Asia, which was the most important prerequisite for a successful introduction of Euro, the single currency for twelve member countries of the European Union. After a brief efficiency and feasibility test the paper selected the option of "developing the Chiang Mai Initiative to a Multilateral Financing Scheme" as the best short- and medium-term strategy towards monetary integration.


Interleukin-2 plays an important role in immune response of the mammals. In this study, a pair of primers IL-2 was designed based on the sequence of the upstream and downstream of chicken IL-2 gene. About 445 bp chicken IL-2 cDNA fragment was cloned from ConA-stimulated chicken spleen cells by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and inserted into pUC119 plasmid, identified by endonuclease and DNA sequencing. This protein had 24% amino acid identity and 44% similarity to both bovine IL-2 and IL-15. This is the first time we got the chicken IL-2 cDNA clone in China and this study paved the way for future studying of biological function and application of chicken IL-2.


During the past few years virtualization has strongly reemerged from the shadow of the mainframe generation as a promising technology for the new generation of computers. Both the research and industry communities have recently looked at virtualization as a solution for security and reliability. With the increased usage and dependence on this technology, security is sues of virtualization are becoming more and more relevant. This thesis looks at the challenge of securing Xen, a popular open source virtualiza tion technology. We analyze security properties of the Xen architecture, propose and implement different security schemes including authenticated hypercalls, hypercall access table and hypercall stack trace verification to secure Xen hypercalls (which are analogous to system calls in the OS world). The security analysis shows that hypercall attacks could be a real threat to the Xen virtualization architecture (i.e., hypercalls could be exploited to inject malicious code into the virtual machine monitor (VMM) by a com promised guest OS), and effective hypercall protection measures can prevent this threat. The initial performance analysis shows that our security mea sures are efficient in terms of execution time and space.


Tension devices -are throwing devices, the action of which is based on the elastic tension of the plates (shoulders), in fact, these are bows and crossbows. Currently, various types of bows and crossbows controlled by a single shooter are widely used in hunting and sports. In the ancient World, high-power crossbows were used as artillery, served by several warriors: ballistae, scorpions and others. In the paper, bows and crossbows of all currently common types are modeled using mathematical methods. This model, which is the subject of this paper, differs from similar ones, which actually model only traditional English bows. All these models have the main purpose of analytical calculation of the speed of the arrow at the moment of its separation from the bowstring. Our model uses the law of conservation of energy, considering only the initial and final moments of acceleration of the arrow. It identifies 2-4 implicit indicators that fully describe each type of tension devices. To obtain input data, 2-3 experimental shots are made with 1-2 parameters measured each time. As a result, the calculations are reduced to solving systems of linear equations and to calculations using formulas. The paper offers 3 areas of application of tension devices on water transport, firstly, ship management and its operational repair (for this purpose, analogues of ancient powerful crossbows are relevant), secondly, protection of the ship, cargo, anti-terrorism, and thirdly, physical education and sports for the crew and passengers. The use is due to their fire safety, power, low noise, a variety of types of projectiles.


In this paper, the method to calculate intrinsic torssional vibration frequency and determine critical speed of a crankshaft in harbour internal combustion machinery is presented and a practical VB calculation software is provided.


Purpose – The standard terms of time and space lead to logical contradictions near the borderline of physics. Therefore, we suggest a new term for time and space, which enlarges the understanding but takes the actual knowledge of quantum mechanics into account.Design/methodology/approach – The procedure to define a broader and basic term of time and space is based on the relation between the information stored inside a system, the decision which is to be connected with it and the interaction with other systems.Findings – Fundamental to this new understanding is a definition and an explanation of the terms system, decision and information. Based on these three terms we developed a new understanding of time and space. In which case, it involves a specifying and extension of the present understandings. A meaningful point is that these three terms determine each other as they are open terms. Thus, they must be used in the interactive description before and during their own definition.Originality/value – Produ...


Recent studies on the growth effects of exchange rate regimes offer a wide range of different, sometimes contradictory results. In this paper, we systematically compare three prominent contributions in this field. Using a common data set, a common specification and common estimation methods, we argue that the contradictory findings can be explained by the fact that these studies use regime classifications which reflect fundamentally different aspects of exchange rate policy. Copyright © 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


From aspects of the air environment, and water environment, etc., this paper analyzes the present situation of the environmental management in China, and puts forward some preventive countermeasures.


It is worthwhile to develop an effective method to identify the critical nodes in the complex network. Taking CBIN (Community-Based Important Node) as the parameter of " node influence ", and after identifying the influential influencers, a subnetwork of directional influencer network is set. In order to ensure the accuracy of the model, SI model is used to test the feasibility of CBIN. At last, four algorithms are compared. It is proved that CBIN is feasible and has advantages in measuring the influence of music.


Acknowledgements - Notes on the Contributors - Introduction - The Persistence of Exceptionalism: Class Formation and the Comparative Method R.Halpern & J.Morris - EXCEPTIONALISM REVISITED - The Paradoxes of American Exceptionalism M.Zuckerman - American Exceptionalism Revisited I.Katznelson - Why No Labour Party? Class and Race in the United States and Australia R.Archer - THE POLITICS OF POPULAR LIBERALISM - It is the Working Class Who Fight All the Battles: Military Service and the Study of American Workers R.Horowitz - The Limits of Liberalism: Working-class Formation in Britain and the United States N.Kirk - RELIGION AND DISPOSITION - Present at the Creation: Working-Class Catholics in the United States L.W.Tentler - Religion and the Formation of the Italian Working Class J.Pollard - RACE AND CLASS: CONSTRUCTIONS, COMPARISONS, CONNECTIONS - Inbetween Peoples: Race, Nationality and the New Immigrant Working Class J.Barrett & D.Roediger - 'Social Burden' or 'Amiable Peasantry': Constructing a Place for Black Southerners J.Grossman - Workers at War: The South African Experience, 1939-1945 P.Alexander - Apropos of Exceptionalism: Imperial Location and the Comparative Histories of the United States and South Africa R.Gregg -Index


Abstract A new method for producing fluoro(organyl) phosphanes is presented. They are prepared by Cl/F-exchange from the corresponding chloro compounds using Et3N.nHF as a fluorinating agent. Phosphanyl fluorophospharanes, R2P-PR2F2, are found to be intermediates of the disproportionation of Fluoro (diorganyl) phosphanes. R2PF react with aldehydes to form phosphinito phosphoranes, R2PF2-CHR'-OPR2. Oxaphospholenes are formed in their reaction with α, β- unsaturated aldehydes. Furthermore, the reactions with 1.2-diketones, carboxylic acid derivatives, and covalent azides are described.


M ost people would say agriculture is about growing food; they are right. Agricultural performance, after all, is measured in terms of production—for example, yield or grain production. The purpose of agriculture, however, does not stop there. At a deeper level, the purpose of agriculture is not just to grow crops and livestock for food and raw materials, but to grow healthy, well-nourished people. One of farmers' most important tasks is to produce food of sufficient quantity (that is, enough calories) and quality (with the vitamins and minerals needed by the human body) to feed all of the planet's people sustainably so they can lead healthy, productive lives. This is effectively one of the goals of agriculture, although it is rarely made explicit. Could agriculture do more to meet this goal? Recently the international development community has turned its attention to the potential for the agriculture, nutrition, and health sectors to work together to enhance human well-being. In some ways, of course, agriculture, health, and nutrition are already deeply entwined. Agricultural production is an important means for most people to get the food and essential nutrients they need. And in many poor countries, where agriculture is highly labor intensive, productive agriculture requires the labor of healthy, well-nourished people. Yet, in other ways agriculture, health, and nutrition are quite separate: professionals in these three fields usually work in isolation from one another, with their efforts sometimes dovetailing in mutually beneficial ways and sometimes working at cross-purposes. In an ideal world, consumers would be fully aware of the merits of nutritious foods, and producers, processors, and marketers, in turn, would know how to produce , process, and market these high-quality, nutrient-rich foods. Market forces would provide the incentives, through product prices, to all involved in producing or consuming nutrient-rich foods. Unfortunately, our world is less than ideal, and market prices do not provide an adequate incentive for producing nutritious food. And, even if prices did reflect the nutritional value of food, they could put nutritious foods out of reach of poor people. This means public interventions are needed to correct market failures (when prices do not reflect the nutritional value of foods) or to improve affordability (for poor people).


well as style and occasions for letter writing, and shows how Libanius through his letters 'weaves a web of relations but also of moral and social pressures' (p. 159). In Chapter 8, 'The Reception of Libanius: from Pagan Friend of Julian to (almost) Christian Saint and Back', H.-G. Nesselrath and V.H. examine the colourful reception of Libanius from his own time, through Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages and all the way to the present. The main conclusion from Part 2 emerges quite clearly throughChapter 8: Libanius, across genre, wrotewith posterity in mind, and his rhetorical skills and cultural awareness merit a modern day rediscovery of Libanius. Part 3, 'Contexts: Identity, Society, Tradition', contains five chapters that investigate some of the key themes in Libanius' works. In Chapter 9, 'Emperors and Empire in Libanius', H.-U. Wiemer draws a picture of Libanius' interactions with and presentations of the Emperors and the Roman Empire. In Chapter 10, 'Libanius' Networks', S. Bradbury shows how Libanius interacted through a 'series of inter-connected, inter-marrying prominent families' (p. 239) and illuminates both the reach and the limits of Libanius' political and social influences. As Nesselrath observes, Chapter 10, 'Libanius and the Literary Tradition', is an exercise in Quellenforschung and intertextuality. The chapter builds on the works of Foerster (1877-), Norman (1964) and Schouler (1984) in a thorough discussion of what Greek authors Libanius knew and utilised in his own work. The literary tradition was an integral part of Libanius' promotion of his educational level and his Greek heritage. J.R. Stenger covers the concept of Greek identity in Libanius in Chapter 12, 'Libanius and the "Game" of Hellenism'. Stenger explores various outlets for Hellenism and concludes that 'Libanius' Hellenism emerges as a flexible rhetorical device, deployed for and in social relations in a strategic, creative and at times playful manner' (p. 292). A similar conclusion appears in the last chapter, 'Not the Last Pagan: Libanius between Elite Rhetoric and Religion', as P. Van Nuffelen argues that each text which treats matters of religion must be read carefully within its context. This conclusion is perhaps true of any matter treated by Libanius. The book stands as a successful endeavour. Each chapter and section contributes to a very useful and thorough critical introduction to Libanius and his works. It shows how Libanius deserves a nuanced approach, which takes both text and context into account, and it invites its readers to bring this late-antique author back into classical research.


Senior centers provide recreational and social opportunities to millions of older adults. As a result of COVID-19, many senior center directors were forced to adapt and provide new physical distancing opportunities for their members quickly. The study aimed to identify restrictions, challenges, and successes that Delaware senior center administrators faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews with 15 senior center administrators revealed that many sites relied upon state or federal guidelines for their policies while significantly reducing their specific class and activity offerings. These senior center administrators indicated a lack of guidance on openings, financial hardships, and lack of volunteers and employees as challenges they faced. Policies and frameworks should be developed to assist these organizations when adapting to future disasters.


Objective
To investigate the effects of diversified health education in screening of preemy retinopathy.

Methods
One hundred and eighty preterm newborns were collected and randomly divided into control group and observation group on average. The diversified health education was adopted in observation group and conventional health education was adopted in control group. The disease cognition and satisfaction questionnaire investigated in the parents of preemys, and compared after 6 months′ intervention.

Results
After diversified health education, the rate of mastering knowledge of disease from parents in the observation group was higher than that in control group (95.6%vs 80.0%) while the degree of satisfaction from parents in observation group was higher than that of the control group (90.0% vs 71.1%) (χ2=8.751, 14.754; P<0.05).

Conclusions
The development of diversified health education can effectively improve the disease cognition and the degree of satisfaction from parents. It can also enhance the consciousness of ROP screening of the parents and play an active role in ROP prevention.

Key words:
Health education; Preemy; Retinopathy


Many engineering, social, and biological complex systems consist of dynamical elements connected via a large-scale network. Monitoring the network's dynamics is essential for a variety of maintenance and scientific purposes. Whilst we understand how to optimally sample and discretize a single continuous dynamic element or a non-dynamic graph, we do not possess a theory on how to optimally sample networked dynamical elements. Here, we study nonlinear dynamic graph signals on a fixed complex network. We define the necessary conditions for optimal sampling in the combining time- and graph-domain to fully recover the networked dynamics. We firstly interpret the networked dynamics into a linearized matrix. Then, we prove that the dynamic signals can be sampled and fully recovered if the networked dynamics is stable and their initialization and inputs (which are unknown) are bandlimited in the graph spectral domain. This new theory directly maps optimal sampling locations and rates to the graph properties and governing nonlinear dynamics. This can inform the placement of experimental probes and sensors on dynamical networks especially for the case where the employed sensors are difficult to change. Also, this guides the design of each sensor's optimal sampling rate for further digital signal processing. We motivate the reader with two examples of recovering the networked dynamics for: social population growth and networked protein biochemical interactions with both bandlimited and arbitrary initialization and inputs.


A boy with a normal birth weight (3480 g) was admitted to the neonatal ward because of the increased risk on hypoglycemia due to maternal diabetes mellitus. On the second day, jaundice was noted and the total plasma bilirubin raised to 14.6 mg/dl, for which he received phototherapy for 4 days. Since his father had been diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and other causes were ruled out, hyperbilirubinemia was presumably caused by HS. Around 3 months, the boy returned to the pediatrician for diagnostic work-up for HS. Results from the routine laboratory are shown in Table 1. EMA staining was slightly decreased (78%; reference >85%) and osmotic gradient ektacytometry showed mildly decreased EImax, Ohyper, and Omin. A Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel, including SLC4A1, SPTA1, SPTB, ANK1, and EPB4.2 revealed a heterozygous c.3386G>T (p.S1129I) missense variant in the Ankyrin-1 (ANK1) gene, which was considered a variant of unknown significance. To investigate the pathogenicity of this ANK1 variant, blood was drawn from father, mother, and grandparents from father's side. Both father and grandmother from the index patient claimed to be diagnosed with spherocytosis more than 20 years ago, which data were not available anymore. Grandmother underwent splenectomy, which relieved her severe symptomatic hemolytic anemia. In contrast, father only experienced mild symptoms during childhood, but was free from any complaints for over 15 years. The investigation included a complete blood count, levels of bilirubin and haptoglobin, EMA staining, osmotic lysis test, and osmotic gradient ektacytometry. Furthermore, the ANK1 gene was screened for the c.3386G>T variant. The peripheral blood smear from the index patient, father, and grandmother showed a few dense and spherical erythrocytes (Figure 1A,B,C), but those may be missed during a routine examination of a peripheral blood smear. Father had slight anemia with reticulocytosis, slightly elevated plasma bilirubin and decreased haptoglobin (Table 1). Normal routine laboratory investigations in grandmother were most likely due to effective splenectomy. In both father and grandmother, the osmotic gradient ektacytometry showed mildly decreased values for EImax, Ohyper, but Omin was normal, unlike typical HS (Figure 1D). Other relatives showed normal osmotic deformability. EMA staining was normal in all family members. Sequencing confirmed that only father and grandmother were carrier for the ANK1 c.3386G>T variant. Taken together, the newly identified ANK1 c.3386G>T variant is present in all affected family members with signs of spherocytosis. Both index patient and his father do not have clinical signs of hemolytic anemia and do not require any therapy. However, grandmother was treated with multiple erythrocyte transfusions in the past until she underwent a splenectomy. These differences in clinical severity among family members confirms the heterogeneity of HS, however we cannot exclude an underlying defect that results in a more severe clinical presentation. Diagnosing HS solely on a peripheral blood smear showed to be difficult, but genetic testing in combination with osmotic gradient ektacytometry show their added value in contributing to this diagnosis. These tests are not widely available on routine diagnostic laboratories, but the analysis may be considered in case of inconclusive laboratory findings. Received: 1 June 2022 Accepted: 12 September 2022


1. Stylochus ellipticus from Milford Harbor, Connecticut, survived abrupt transfer from a salinity of about 27 ppt to salinities as low as 7.5 ppt at room temperature. Those transferred directly to 5 ppt suffered a mortality of 20% but all worms died when placed directly in 2.5 ppt and fresh water. However, worms that acclimated to 5 ppt survived subsequent transfer to 2.5 ppt.2. Righting time of S. ellipticus at room temperature remained constant at 12 to 15 seconds in salinities ranging from about 27 ppt to 7.5 ppt but increased to 22 seconds in 5 ppt and to 37 seconds in 2.5 ppt.3. Righting time of S. ellipticus in a salinity of about 27 ppt was approximately 8 seconds at temperatures of 20°, 25° and 30° C., 16 seconds at 12.5°, 15° and 17.5° C., 30 seconds at 10° C. and 116 seconds at 7.5° C.4. Locomotion rate of S. ellipticus varied erratically with temperature but generally decreased with temperature decreases below 20° C. It exceeded 50 millimeters per minute at temperatures of 20° C. and higher bu...


A 5′ end cDNA fragment 366 bp in length of E gene of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) Inner Mongolia isolate M73 1 was synthesized and amplified by RT PCR with a pair of primers designed according to the references. This cDNA fragment was inserted into plasmid pUC 19 at XbaI and BamHI sites and cloned in E.coli DH5α. PCR amplification,restriction endonuclease digestion and partial sequence analysis show that a recombinant pUC 19 named pJV366 was obtained. The sequence analysis of 5′ end 126 nucleotides of E gene of JEV M73 1 revealed that the nucleotide sequence homology between JEV M73 1 and Japanese strains JEV Nakayama and JaOArs 982 was 96.8% and 96.8% respectively and the deduced amino acid sequence was both 99.2%. So it was further confirmed at molecular level that the epidemic encephalitis in 1973 in Hohhot was Japanese encephalitis caused by JEV. Molecular cloning and partial sequence analysis of 5′ end of E gene are of theoretical and practical importance for further molecular biology study on JEV M73 1, its nucleic acid based diagnosis and preparation of genetic engineering vaccine.


These comments made by Northern Territ ory Abor ig ines* show the effects o f the past 200 years on their health and traditional life style. In this last quarter o f the twentieth century, Australia's Abor ig ines remain the sickest group o f peop le living o n the conti n e n t — a Third W o r l d nation within a deve loped country. In their 1979 report on Aboriginal health, the H o u s e o f Representatives Standing Commit tee o n Aboriginal Affairs documented the p o o r health facilities o f the communit ies . T h e findings o f the National Trachoma and E y e Health Program's Repor t (1980) provided evidence o f the high incidence o f communicable and degenerative diseases among Abor ig ines and o f its clear association with unsanitary and poor ly serviced living environments. Patterns o f morbidity and mortality among these peop le are alarming. A c c o r d  ing to calculations in the 1978/79 Northern Territory Department o f Health Annual Repor t , Abor ig ines living in the Territory can expect an infant mortality rate o f 48 deaths per 1000 births, compared with 9 per 1000 for the non-Aboriginal population. They have an average life expectancy o f 50. Indeed, the whole Australian Aboriginal population has a ' top-heavy' age structure. It contains almost twice the proport ion o f children and adolescents found in nonAboriginal communit ies , and about half the proport ion o f aged. A typical Aboriginal family has twice as many dependants as a typical non-Aboriginal family. Mos t Abor ig ines in northern Australia will experience during their lifetime some These women are preparing bush turkey in a camp oven.


The Art of Ancient Peru is primarily a collection of excellent photographs superbly reproduced, and it is clearly designed to give the general reader an impression of the richness and variety of ancient Peruvian art. It fulfills this function admirably, and the fact that a second printing was needed after only 2 years indicates that a considerable audience found the book interesting. An excellent general review of the first printing was contributed by Richard P. Schaedel to Archaeology (1953, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 250-1) and the reader is referred to it for discussion of the selection of materials illustrated and a critique of the brief introduction (12 pages). I want to add here some comments on the utility of the book for archaeological research, referring mainly to the information given in the notes to the illustrations (32 pages, making up the bulk of the text). The reader must bear in mind that the book is not presented as a research contribution, and it would not be fair to judge it on the basis of its research value. Still, the archaeologist has a right to ask how useful it can be to him. The first point to note is that, although the author has himself carried out excavations in Peru, he displays little concern for archaeological associations. Relatively few of the specimens illustrated have reliable site provenience, and even fewer are ones with excavation data relating them to other specimens and construction features. There are in existence plenty of artistic Peruvian specimens with very detailed association data, but Ubbelohde-Doering made his selection on other grounds. He does not base his interpretations on archaeological associations in any systematic way, either, and they are of very questionable reliability as a result. I identified 20 specimens in The Art of Ancient Peru which appear to have been collected in the course of Ubbelohde-Doering's own field work in 1931-32 and 1938. They come from the following sites: Los Majuelos (Nazca), Plates 46 and 50, from the same grave; Atarco (Nazca), Plates 92 and 114; Chillo (Nazca), Plate 135 b; Cahuachi (Nazca), Plate 143; Estaqueria (Nazca), Color Plate I; Locari (Nazca), Plate 116; Huayuri (Nazca), Plate 138 and Color Plate III; Pacatnamu (Pacasmayo), Plates 192, 226, 227, and 234; Facala (Chicama), Plate 213; Huaca de la Campana, Pampa del Jaguey (Chicama), Plates 169, 170-1, 172-3, 198-9, and 200. The last 2 specimens are from the same grave. The reliability of the provenience data on the specimens not collected by the author varies greatly, and he provides the reader with little guidance in evaluating it. A second problem in using Ubbelohde-Doering's illustrations for research purposes is that he does not always show the whole specimen. I counted 40 specimens, many of them illustrated in 2 to 4 photographs each, of which no complete view is given. Fifteen of these are Moche stirrup-spout vases in which the stirrup spout is not shown. The author's failure to show the stirrup spouts in these cases — and in 2 others where the whole vessel is shown, but from such an angle that the spout is hidden — is particularly regrettable, since the dating of Moche pottery is based on spout typology. It is unfortunate that, of the 3 Paracas style vessels illustrated, one (PI. 161) should be a fake. The author can hardly be blamed in this case, because the fraud was only exposed in 1954 when the maker of this and several other similar pieces gave a reasonably circumstantial account of his activities to the Peruvian newspapers. Finally, I should like to add 2 pieces of information missing from the notes to the illustrations. The silver dish shown in Plate 44 is in the Instituto Arqueologico, Cuzco. The gold collection illustrated in Plate 228 is reported to come from the Huarmey valley.


This prospective study compares urine NMP22 immunoassay and cytomorphology for detecting recurrent urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder and correlates between NMP22 levels and grade, multiplicity, and size of the tumor. We aimed refining the use of NMP22 test in the management of UC at our institution.


A cargo restraining device is attached below a seat of a passenger seat and includes an upper member and a lower member of flexible material, the upper element in the region of a backrest of the passenger seat is spaced apart from the bottom member to form a raised portion and in the region of a front edge of the seat the lower member contacts for forming a flat-lying part of the cargo restraining device.


pers. Finally, in chapter 12 (by David Rhode and Lisbeth Louderback) the sites of Danger Cave and BER are compared. Results indicate that small seed use is clear in the Paleoindian/Paleoarchaic features and strata at BER, but unclear at Danger Cave until after 9700 B.P. Haynes's afterword discusses the two goals of the volume: the presentation of new research and the issues involving the terms Paleoindian or Paleoarchaic. Haynes makes a valid point in stating that the term Paleoarchaic or Pre-Archaic implies early forms of Archaic activities and adaptations. This is true in some cases presented in the volume, but in many cases there are clear differences between the Paleoindian/Paleoarchaic and Early Archaic contexts. Haynes argues that there is evidence of broad scale foraging patterns and less mobility in eastern North America. Yet the term Paleoindian is still used, and thus, rather than change the term, we need to accept that the Paleoindian period (particularly the Late Paleoindian) encompasses great variability with respect to different regions. In this I agree with Haynes that the term Paleoindian is best to describe the Late Pleistocene occupations of the Great Basin. Whatever term is applied, however, this volume is an extremely valuable contribution to Great Basin studies and also integrates well with the growing body of data in other regions supporting the Paleoindian period as extremely diverse in cultural adaptations, mobility and settlement patterns, and resource use.


For Gauss-Markov processes the asymptotic behaviors of the first passage time probability density functions through certain time-varying boundaries are determined. Computational results for Wiener, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and Brownian bridge processes show that for certain large boundaries and for large times excellent asymptotic approximations hold for such densities.


In recent years the impact of Assyriology on Biblical studies and the knowledge of the history of ancient Israel has become more and more evident. Thanks to Assyriology the reconstructions of the history of Israel in the period of the First Temple are much fuller and more comprehensive than before. The same is true in regard to the very roots and nature of many books included in the Hebrew Bible. The up-to-date results of the cooperation of Biblical scholars and Assyriologists lead us to the conclusion that in the 7th century B.C. there existed a strong and fruitful Israelite diaspora in Assyria. Because information on its existence, influence and outcome are consequently scanty in the Bible (damnatio memoriae), so Assyriology helps to gain a new knowledge about it and to assess its impact on the religion of ancient Israel.


The professional role of electrical services engineers is evolving and changing to meet the needs of industry, both national and internationally. The current demands throughout the built environment are primarily driven by European Directives and Government policies pertaining to sustainable design, energy reduction and energy efficiency. Thus, it is essential that Ireland's Higher Education Institutions meet these challenges head on by developing diverse programmes which have sustainability at the core of curriculum design. Moreover, programmes of this nature will ensure that young engineers of the future command key transferable skills and enhance their lifelong learning which is required for today's competitive labour market. What will the engineers of the future look like – would they be recognisable from today? This pedagogical research intends to examine the development and restructuring of an existing curriculum for a level 7 degree in Sustainable Design in Electrical Services Engineering in Ireland. The programme maintains the core learning outcomes, which have been reviewed by an accreditation body, while providing engineering graduates with a host of diverse multidisciplinary skills. This curriculum development has been tailored to meet the needs of industry, but more importantly the needs and expectations of future students. How does a programme ensure students are employable? This paper offers a unique insight into engineering education as both authors are graduates of the aforementioned programme and have subsequently returned to lecture on the programme. Moreover, they have been heavily involved in the curriculum development. Keywords; Engineering Education, Curriculum Development, Student's Perspective *Correspondence to: Michael McDonald, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland. E-mail: email@example.com 5th International Symposium for Engineering Education, 2014, The University of Manchester, September 2014, UK


Abstract
This study compares the applicability of the zone of tolerance (ZOT) and importance performance analysis (IPA) techniques in the evaluation of convention delegates' perceptions of products and services. Overall, 217 out of 400 were used for analysis, providing a response rate of 54%. The study results indicated that although an IPA technique is still useful in assessing the service performance of a convention facility, IPA should be employed with caution, concrete criteria, and clear goals. The study results also showed that the ZOT is practically applicable into business practice to assess service performance item by item.


Contemporary transmission networks are not fully utilized due to increased uncertainty and security buffers resulting mainly from the inefficient operation and planning, currently based on conservative predetermined thermal ratings. However, in a smart operation scheme, which considers time varying thermal ratings of transmission assets, operation and planning could be optimized to facilitate the proliferation of generation expansion projects while maintaining required levels of reliability. This paper presents a methodology which enhances the current methods of network element ratings by incorporating a more detailed modelling of the overhead line (OHL) properties. Three thermal rating models, static (STR), seasonal (SeTR) and time varying (TVTR), are implemented for comparative studies, under both deterministic and probabilistic frameworks with an aim to identify the most cost-effective and optimal flexible network operation plan in today's congestion-driven and competitive power markets. In addition, the effects of line outages on transmission losses in the electric power networks are presented, quantifying the transmission losses in a realistic manner due to the incorporation of real thermal ratings. The IEEE 24-bus RTS is used under sequential modeling to validate the methodological enhancements and to evaluate network performance. The system annual operating costs are reduced when using the proposed TVTR model.


This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality, promotion and design towards Yamaha Mio motorcycles product purchase decisions as well as to analyze the variables that have the most dominant influence on product purchasing decisions on a Yamaha Mio motorcycle community in the region Banjarbaru. The populations in this study are all consumers Yamaha Mio motorcycle in the region Banjarbaru. The samples used are 100 respondents with Accidental Quota Sampling techniques. Data collection techniques with questionnaires, while data analysis techniques using regression analysis multiple linear, classical assumptions (normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroskedastisity test), statistical tests (t test, F test and coefficient of determination). From the analysis of classical assumptions, the normality test with kolmogorovsmirnov obtained significantly greater than 0.05, which means the distribution of data is normal. Multicollinearity test VIF and Tolerance values obtained are close to each other so that it can be concluded there is no multicollinearity problem in the regression model, while heteroskedastisity test with Glejser method declare no problem. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis obtained from the t test findings that the partial product quality significantly influence Yamaha Mio motorcycle products purchase decisions, while the promotion and design have a significant effect on 5% level. From the results of the F test that product quality, promotion and design simultaneously significantly influence purchase decisions Yamaha Mio motorcycle products where the value of F calculated g F table. Product quality has the most dominant influence on Yamaha Mio motorcycles product purchase decisions. It is obtained that value of R square of 0.365, which means that the dependent variable can be explained by the independent variable amounting to 36.5% while the remaining amount of 63.5% is explained by other variables outside the model.


A hybrid aerial underwater vehicle (HAUV) that could operate in the air and underwater might provide tremendous potential for ocean monitoring and search and rescue as well as underwater exploration. Differences between the aerial and underwater environments, along with common disturbances in wind or oceanic currents, present key challenges when designing a robust global controller. This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic controller, otherwise known as the adaptive dynamic surface control (ADSC) scheme, which effectively deals with the challenges aroused by the nonlinearities, uncertainties, and time-varying parameters of the system. First, the mathematical model of the HAUV is developed by means of the Newton–Euler formalism, highlighting the influence of the environment change on the vehicle dynamics. Second, the variations of added mass and damping during the water/air transition are estimated. Finally, the ADSC scheme is used to control and provided robust transition between distinct mediums for the vehicle in simulations, compared with the gain-scheduled proportional–integral–derivative scheme. The simulation results validate the good tracking performance and strong robustness of the presented scheme.


The HAWC observatory recently published their second source catalog with 39 very high energy gamma-ray sources based on 507 days of exposure time. Among these, there were 16 sources that are more than one degree away from any known TeV source. We studied 13 of these 16 sources with VERITAS and \textit{Fermi}-LAT data. VERITAS, an array of four imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes observing gamma rays with energies higher than 85 GeV, can provide a more detailed image of the source with much shorter exposure time and with better angular resolution. With \textit{Fermi}-LAT data, we searched for the counterparts at lower energies (E>10 GeV). The exposure of VERITAS varies among the 13 sources, and we used eight years of \textit{Fermi}-LAT data. VERITAS found weak gamma-ray emission in the region of PWN~DA~495 coinciding with 2HWC J1953+294 in this follow-up study. We will discuss the results especially focusing on the PWN~DA~495 region and the SNR~G~54.1+0.3 region where \textit{Fermi}-LAT detected a GeV counterpart of SNR~G~54.1+0.3, a known TeV source detected by both VERITAS and HAWC.


The invention discloses a factorial construction method for a component of a total prefabricated assembly integral type shear wall structure system. In the construction method disclosed by the invention, a basic component in the shear wall structure system is manufactured by adopting factorial prefabrication; a grouting pipe and a node reinforcing steel bar are preset in the component; and only the prefabricated component is directly assembled in the shear wall structure system for construction installation in the construction course of the shear wall structure system. In the technical scheme adopted by the invention, the adopted factorial production for producing the prefabricated component is beneficial to reduction of pollution emission, the usage amount of turnover materials such as wood and the like, water consumption, the usage amount of wood templates and the discharge amount of garbage, and is favorable for reducing construction cost whiling meeting the environmentally-friendly requirements.


Rachel Polonsky's English Literature and the Russian Aesthetic Renaissance fills a place long unclaimed in the history of Russian symbolism and fills it superbly. One might well say that it does for Russian symbolism's ties to English literature what Georgette Donchin's The Influence of French Symbolism on Russian Poetry (1958) did for French four decades ago, were it not for the fact that this is an entirely different kind of book, suited to the readership of this period as Donchin's was to that of the 1960s. "A literary past can only return when a new reception draws it back into the present" (5). The German theorist Hans Robert Jauss's dictum, quoted in the introduction, highlights this study's central theme. "Renaissance," defined as a time of heightened cultural receptivity to foreign ideas and artistic forms, captures the mood of fin-de-siecle Russia perfectly. Victorian England's notion of renaissance, filtered into Russia, whetted appetites there for cultural rebirth. Starting from this point, the author aims to "reveal the dynamic of a double receptivity at work in the prevailing aesthetic attitude of the turn-of-the-century period: a renewed receptivity to foreign literatures that led to a receptivity towards a variety of rediscovered pasts, Russia's own past among them" (5). Polonsky's approach is genuinely comparatist throughout. Because Russia has so often been the receiver culture, she observes that from Fedor Dostoevskii to Iurii Lotman there has been a "rich conception of culture itself as an ongoing 'dialogue'" (4). Her fascinating opening chapter "Museum People" shows the intellectual conflict and continuity between the scholarly generation of the 1870s and 1880s, whose cultural and historical attitudes were heavily tinged with positivism, and its rebellious sons, creators of a new aesthetic, who yet benefited mightily from the knowledge amassed by the fathers. Following this the study falls into two sections, "The Barbaric Renaissance" and "The Aesthetic Renaissance." The first of these is devoted to Russia's rediscovery and mythologization of its own past, stimulated by Nietzschean ideas of history, but also by English mythologists and folklorists, Sir James Frazer and others. Central figures in this process were the scholar-poet Viacheslav Ivanov and his friend the scholar-critic Evgenii Anichkov, who was present at every turn to developing symbolism. The two parts of Anichkov's dissertation, by their very titles, provided a blueprint of the cultural structure projected in Ivanov's work. The first part (1903) is entided "Spring Ritual Song in Western Europe and among the Slavs"; the second (1905), "From Song to Poetry." Turning to "The Aesthetic Renaissance," Polonsky notes that "the conception of the Italian Renaissance as the type of cultural rebirth that we find in [Matthew] Arnold and [Walter] Pater communicated powerfully with the Russian future" (118). This conception was transmitted to Russia largely by the German art historian Richard Muther and his Russian translator Zinaida Vengerova. In addition, Vengerova's articles in European Herald and other major publications in the 1890s acquainted many Russians with John Ruskin, the Pre-Raphaelites, and other English artistic figures. (Moreover, Vengerova also interpreted for Russian readers other western literary phenomena, notably French symbolism.) As Polonsky points out, Vengerova and Anichkov were two of the many secondary figures who helped bring English aesthetic achievements, tastes, and attitudes into Russian cultural life at the turn of the century. Other Russian-English connections, including far more prominent names, receive due attention. Early on the author assures us that this book is not meant to be a catalogue of sources of Russian works. Nonetheless, most readers will find something new in accounts of Konstantin Bal'mont's reading of ancient Brahman texts at Oxford while translating Percy Bysshe Shelley; the Poe-Potebnia-Belyi link; Aleksandr Blok's debt to Ruskin; Mikhail Kuzmin and Walter Pater; Oscar Wilde's popularity in Russia. If occasionally one encounters a somewhat opaque passage that seems overloaded with theoretical baggage, this is a small flaw in a highly readable, persuasive, and exceptionally rich contribution to existing work on Russian symbolism.


The related reset circuit comprises: a processor, a watchdog circuit, and an enable switch between last two parts to inhibit the watchdog circuit outputting reset signal during electrifying or debugging or allow the circuit output restart signal for necessary. This invention overcomes defect in prior art.


The Resilience of Small-Scale Fishing the Anthropogenic Environmental Shocks. Abstract The marine environmental incident causing mass fish death in Central Vietnam by Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Plant in 2016 severely impacted people's livelihoods in four provinces. Several previous studies have indicated that diversifying livelihoods is one of the best solutions to increase the resilience of households to overcome such incidents. This study investigated the relationship between livelihood diversification and the stability of small-scale fishing households. Our findings showed that impact levels and resilience capacity under family perception are important aspects for impact assessment in the context of the environmental shock. Local families can diversify their livelihoods based on their resources as well as through government-supporting policies. The livelihood diversification of impacted households is significantly valuable in increasing the resilience process after the Formosa incident. Families with more livelihood activities related to income sources have better resilience than families with less livelihood activities. By the effort of households and government support policies, impacted households have gradually improved their livelihood resilience.


In the paper, a new mathematical model has been developed. The Level Set method has been employed to gas-water interface successfully. And then, the flow field of injection of gas jets into water has been numerically simulated. The evolution of the high-pressure and underexpanded gas jets in water has revealed some important physical phenomena, such as the water-gas interaction, shock wave structure, and gas bubble formation. In this paper, we have simulated the gas jets in water considering the gas and water coupling for the first time. The qualitative conclusion agrees the with experimental results.


The research study focused on integrating blockchain technology with the internet of things. The study is necessitated by the need to come up with practical and feasible means to improve the accuracy, accountability and trust among various parties involved in blockchain transactions. The research recognizes the fact that there has been an increasing using of the cryptocurrency in the global market. This has lead to the emergence of blockchain, which is one of the disruptive technologies in the information and technology sector. The research study indicates that there is a need to improve on the architecture of blockchain and the IoT system. It shows that there is a need to develop a new model to improve its efficiency and accuracy. This research paper recommends the use of decentralized model to enhance the efficiency of the integration of the blockchain technology and IoT.


Integrated planning takes into account all potential benefits and all potential costs that may result from proposed actions or nonactions. Environmental consequences are an integral part of these costs and benefits. Because of this, and because of the oftentimes-costly consequences of initial neglect, environmental planning must be built into the overall planning process. Planning is only successful if close contact is maintained with public bodies, beneficiaries, and other impacted groups. Planners must be flexible in their response to multiple goals and objectives. These goals and objectives will vary by subregion, by population subgroup, or by societal sector. Finally, planning cannot and should not proceed without strong and continuous reference to plan implementation. This involves the subsequent investment phase and the operating period, in which maintenance and continuity of project and plan benefits as well as avoidance of unnecessary costs from neglect, become the dominant considerations. 48 references, 2 figures.


The 3-dimensional coordinate parameters of 5,6,7,8,9 year-old walnut trees and 5,6,8,9,10 year-old apricot trees were measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.The results indicated that average error of x axis direction was 0.001 0 m,average error of y axis direction was 0.001 4 m,average error of z axis direction was 0.000 4 m,average error of horizontal direction was 0.001 8 m and average global error was 0.001 8 m.Taking the 6 year-old walnut tree and 9 year-old apricot tree as example,tree height,diameter,height under branch,crown width and branching angle etc.main parameters of configuration structure with high precision was obtained by using multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system to provide basic data for the study of tree morphology and visualization.


[1] Many papers have developed algorithms to retrieve land surface temperature from at-sensor and land surface emissivity data. These algorithms have been specified for different thermal sensors on board satellites, i.e., the algorithm used for one thermal sensor (or a combination of thermal sensors) cannot be used for other thermal sensor. The main goal of this paper is to propose a generalized single-channel algorithm that only uses the total atmospheric water vapour content and the channel effective wavelength (assuming that emissivity is known), and can be applied to thermal sensors characterized with a FWHM (Full-Width Half-Maximum) of around 1 μm actually operative on board satellites. The main advantage of this algorithm compared with the other single-channel methods is that in-situ radiosoundings or effective mean atmospheric temperature values are not needed, whereas the main advantage of this algorithm compared with split-window and dual-angle methods is that it can be applied to different thermal sensors using the same equation and coefficients. The validation for different test sites shows root mean square deviations lower than 2 K for AVHRR channel 4 (λ ≈ 10.8 μm) and ATSR-2 channel 2 (λ ≈ 11 μm), and lower than 1.5 K for Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) band 6 (λ ≈ 11.5 μm).


INTRODUCTION Ultrasound (US) is a useful modality for imaging the biliary tree. However, it has a few pitfalls as far as the diagnosis of common bile duct (CBD) stones is concerned. About 10% of CBD stones may lack a distal acoustic and may be mistaken for a blood clot, tumour or parasitic infection4. We report one such case where multiple CBD stones were mistaken for biliary ascariasis at abdominal ultrasound examination by an experienced ultrasonologist.


Oxidative stress was recently involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In this case‐control study we measured homocyseteine (HCY), vitamin B12 and folate as well as oxidative stress markers [glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and antioxidant enzymes (GPX, glutathione peroxidase, SOD, superoxide dismutase and CAT, catalase)], in the sera of type 2 diabetic Omani patients. One hundred subjects (50 patients and 50 controls) were recruited for this study. Depression and anxiety were assessed for all study participants. Dietary folate and vitamin B12 intake of cases were lower than controls and the recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Depression and anxiety were higher among cases as compared to controls. The mean serum HCY was higher in cases as compared to normal values of serum HCY. Cases have low levels of GSH, TAC, GPX, SOD and CAT as compared to controls. Depression and anxiety were significantly correlated with low levels of dietary and serum folate and vitamin B12. The findings of this study indicate that, among the studied type 2 diabetic Omani subjects, the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety were attributed to (1) high serum level of HCY, (2) low levels of dietary and serum folate and vitamin B12, and (3) oxidative stress as indicated by low levels of GSH, TAC and antioxidant enzymes.


Objectives: Xerostomia & salivary gland hypofunction are associated with advancing age, autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, head & neck radiation, smoking and recreational drug usage. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on whole salivary flow rate in patients with xerostomia. Methods: 50 patients with history of xerostomia enrolled in this study. The TENS electrode pads were placed externally on the skin overlying the parotid glands. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for 5 minutes into graduated tube using low forced spitting method. The TENS unit was then activated and stimulated saliva was collected for additional 5 minutes. Results and conclusion: The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0.0792 ± 0.035ml/min and there was 70.28%±47.28% increase in salivary flow following TENS application. Statistical analysis of flow rates utilizing the paired't' test showed the difference to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The TENS unit was effective in increasing whole salivary flow in most of patients with xerostomia.


Though neutrinos were first observed over 60 years ago, many interesting and fundamental questions remain to be answered. This paper provides a brief overview of neutrino oscillation physics (in the 3-neutrino limit) and how it contributes to our overall understanding of neutrinos. Selected results from current long baseline and reactor experiments are discussed. The increasingly important role played by neutrino interaction physics in oscillation analyses is explored. Finally, the status and goals of selected future experiments are mentioned.


The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer; Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW; eds. 731 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. $95.00. ISBN 0070675961. Order phone 800-262-4729. Field of medicine: Cancer biology, oncology, and genetics. Format: Hardcover book. Audience: Scientists in cancer research, medical and graduate students, oncologists, and geneticists. Purpose: To describe the role of genes in the development of cancer. Content: This text has 43 chapters grouped into four parts: basic concepts in cancer genetics, control of solid-growth tumors, familial cancer syndromes, and site-specific neoplasms. The first chapter serves as a primer in human genetics that can be used as a reference for the rest of the book. The book attempts to answer several questions: Which cancers have a clear genetic component? What genes are involved? What is the nature of the mutations in these genes? How do these genes work? What are the implications of knowledge about genes for diagnosis and future treatment? Highlights: The book is comprehensive and is organized around pathophysiologic mechanisms. Many carefully selected and highly informative diagrams, graphs, and tables enhance and complement the text. Limitations: The book has no color plates. Most references were published before 1996. Related reading: The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer began as an addition to the classic textbook The Metabolic and Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease, 7th edition, by Scriver and colleagues (McGraw-Hill, 1995). Because of the growing body of information about the genetic basis of human cancer, a separate, focused book was needed. Reviewer: Charles M. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.


Since ocean and land greatly influence on coastal processes, and continually affected by these dynamics, the coastal zone become the most dynamical region of the ocean. Coastal geomorphological changes principally in a more specific of beach processes and made of are found from the characteristics of the sediments over certain coastal waters. This research examines the relationship between beach slope and mean grain size. The objective of the research is to explain the mechanisms of sediment distribution associated with different beach slopes. The sampling locations were situated at Anoi Itam and Pasir Putih Beaches of Sabang City on October 2016 and April 2017. Coring method was used in this research. There were six collection sites with two repetitions of treatment in each location. The distribution of sediment based on grain size was measured using wet sieving procedure extracted by stratified sieving. The results showed that medium sand are dominant at Anoi Itam and Pasir Putih Beaches while beach slopes vary from nearly flat to gently sloping.


As smart bands develop gradually, their functions are also diversifying. Among these functions, body temperature should be accurate, but in reality it is not. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of converting the skin temperature measured with infrared sensor to the body temperature using a neural network. The proposed method can be applied to hardware modules in smart bands and will also increase medical confidence as it provides more accurate body temperature.


NASA currently projects ending the ISS mission in approximately 2016, due primarily to the expense of re-boost and re-supply. Lunar outposts are expected to be in place in the same timeframe. In support of these mission goals, a scheme to reuse ISS modules on the moon has been identified. These modules could function as pressurized volumes for human habitation in a lunar vacuum as they have done in low-earth orbit. The ISS hull is structurally capable of withstanding a lunar landing because there is no atmospheric turbulence or friction. A compelling reason to send ISS modules to the moon is their large mass; a large portion of the ISS would survive re-entry if allowed to de-orbit to Earth. ISS debris could pose a serious risk to people or structures on Earth unless a controlled re-entry is performed. If a propulsive unit is devised to be attached to the ISS and control re-entry, a propulsion system could be used to propel the modules to the moon and land them there. ISS modules on the lunar surface would not require re-boost. Radiation protection can be attained by burying the module in lunar regolith. Power and a heat removal system would be required for the lunar modules which would need little support structure other than the lunar surface. With planetary mass surrounding the module, heat flux may be controlled by conductance. The remaining requirement is the re-supply of life-support expendables. There are raw materials on the moon to supplement these vital resources. The lunar maria is known to contain approximately 40% oxygen by mass in inorganic mineral compounds. Chemical conversion of moon rocks to release gaseous oxygen is known science. Recycling and cleaning of air and water are currently planned to be accomplished with ISS Environmental Control & Life Support Systems (ECLSS). By developing a Propulsion and Landing Module (PLM) to dock to the Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM), several identical PLMs could be produced to rescue and transfer the ISS modules to the lunar surface, one by one. The propulsion does not need to be as swift as Apollo, nor would the modules need to be manned during transportation to the moon. The trajectory from low-Earth to lunar orbit would avoid or quickly pass through the Van Allen belts to minimize radiation exposure to electronics onboard. A landing technology similar to Apollo's could be utilized to land an ISS module on the moon. Since the mission will be unmanned, system redundancy could be minimized to keep the cost down. If the mission failed and a module crashed landed on the moon, the risk of debris landing on Earth would be avoided and the raw materials could be used in future lunar missions.


The high stress level in ships -largely due to the use of higher strength steels has made fatigue a major problem for ship-owners and classification societies. It will be discussed that fatigue cracks are not merely a nuisance (leakage and repairs), but that they constitute a and probably the main danger for the safety of ships against (brittle) fracture. It is doubtful whether sophisticated fatigue and reliability calculations are of much use in this respect. Rather they may give a false feeling of safety. Better design of details and especially improved workmanship (welding), are more valuable. Examples will be given.


I'm reviewing some stuff on quarter wave transformer for a transmission line but since I have not line network into a matched network using quarter length transformer? So once place impedance transformers get used a lot is in matching. Lecture 15 : Impedance Matching using Transmission Line Quater wavelength transformer matching its advantages and limitations. The quarter wavelength transfer is commonly used at the junction of two transmission lines of unequal.


This study aimed to identify some performance parameters associated with the farrowing efficiency in sows. From a total of 636 births and 7,100 piglets born, data was collected for: parity (OP), number of piglets born alive (NV), stillborns (NAT), mummified (MUM), total litter size (TN), use of vaginal palpation and oxytocin injection, time of birth for each piglet, and beginning and end of the parturition. The average interval among piglets birth was 16.7 min and the average duration of parturition was 247 min. The average duration of parturition increased regarded to the number of born piglets, the use of oxytocin and with the ocurence of vaginal palpation. The total number of births in the long parturitions (> 211 min), with 13.1 piglets was higher than in the short parturitions (< 210 min), with 11.7 piglets, therefore, the higher the number of total piglets born, the longer is the duration of parturition. Litter size was higher for sows of the second parity (12.8) than for sows of first parity (11.9). The duration of parturition is affected by the number of piglets born, which is higher in second parity than first parity females and it is associated to the higher occurence of stillbirths and mummified piglets.


In situ micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-RS) of rock art paintings in open-air rock shelters entails several difficulties: sunlight, wind, dust and crusts that mask Raman signals from the pigments and any other component of the paint recipe. These problems have been considered in the present work. Special attention has been devoted to the presence of crusts. Five rock art sites in the eastern Iberian Peninsula with outstanding difficulties to be analysed by this technique have been the object of this study. In situ energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy using portable instruments have provided important help. Moreover, microstratigraphic studies by μ-RS and scanning electronic microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of micro-specimens from the painting panels have revealed the distribution of the different components. Dolomite and calcite are dominant minerals in the rock substrata. Whewellite, gypsum, calcite, clay, dolomite, α-quartz, anatase and haematite have been found on the surface of the painting panels or forming stratified layers in the crusts. Haematite and amorphous carbon have been detected in red and black pictographs, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The fluid flow calculation inside the melt pool in welding processes is a complex challenge. It can be useful for defects prediction in the weld seam or to study the influence of some process parameters. The cost in time of these calculations makes these models not widely used, although they are rich in information. The aim of this paper is to present a complete model solving the heat and fluid flow equations in all the states (solid – liquid gas) of the metal during keyhole laser welding. In order to track dynamically the keyhole shape, a level set function is employed and the momentum equations are solved to predict accurately the melt pool behaviour. The particularity of this model is a drastic optimization to reduce computation time (less than 1 day on a commercial workstation without reducing significantly the accuracy of the fluid flow computation. To achieve this goal, a simplified approach of the recoil pressure effect is employed and an original method with three different meshes adapted for each equation and physics problem is proposed and discussed. Finally, to validate the model simplification, a complete experimental validation is added with longitudinal and transverse micrograph cuts for different welding configurations, micro-thermocouples measurements in solid phase [20-1200°C], pyrometer measurements in liquid phase [1500-3000°C].


In many education and training institutions in the Central and South Eastern European Transition Countries, training is generally understood as a system of formal courses, not entirely different from education. To a lesser extent, training is based on the flexible training needs analysis based, training modules, courses workshops and seminars. It typically emphasizes teaching rather than learning. It is usually a one-shot exercise for an individual rather than an sequence in continuing, sometimes lifelong learning process and finally, it is understood as something done to trainees by an expert who is regarded as unquestionable authority – otherwise the training is considered irrelevant. The trainer or lecturer should not normally be strongly opposed in the classroom environment. Dialogues, student initiatives, lively classroom discussion with strong counter argumentation are still not dominant.


The internal friction introduced by the static compression was compared with that introduced by the impact compression in the commercially pure aluminium. Generally speaking, the internal friction was decreased to a constant value with the standing time at room temperature.For the initial range of the standing time at room temperature, the internal friction introduced by the impact compression was greater than that introduced by the static compression, but in the later half of the standing time the former was decreased swiftly rather than the latter.The variation with cold-working level of the internal friction introduced by cold-compressin was given by the difference between the observations on the static compressed specimens and on the impact compressed specimens.The internal friction introduced by compression was first increased with the cold-compression level, up to some small levels, any 15% reduction of area, in agreement with the expected behavior.In the measurements for the 15% reduced specimen after standing at room temperature for around 100 minutes, the internal friction introduced by impact compression was greater than that by the static compression as much as a few times.There results were phenomenologically explaind.


The study of true seronegative HIV-1 infections may have important implications for the diagnosis and prevention of HIV-1 infection. The case of an AIDS patient with persistently negative HIV serology is described. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that she was infected with A2 subsubtype HIV-1 transmitted by her seropositive and asymptomatic sexual partner. The clinical and serological discordant results suggest the presence of an immunological deficiency that prevents the formation of HIV-1-specific antibodies.


Fine pixel CCD (FPCCD) is one of the candidate sensor technologies for the vertex detector used for experiments at the International Linear Collider (ILC). A vertex detector system for the International Large Detector (ILD) using FPCCD sensors has been designed. We report on the R&D status of FPCCD sensors, as well as the vertex detector design for ILD.


Abstract The interaction potential parameters (〈rk〉, Hindmarsh's radius rH, C6, C8, C12) are calculated for the ground and some excited configurations of the noble-gas atoms from the Hartree-Fock functions. A formula for the C8 constant is derived.


A transceiver unit (20) for generating bonded streams of data includes a data processor (21) to bond a first multiplicity of outgoing streams of data into an outgoing bonded stream. A scheduler (90) transmits the outgoing bonded stream via a second multiplicity of modems (22) for communication over a third multiplicity of wireless or wired channels. An assembly engine (160) receives and assembles the incoming bonded stream from the third multiplicity of wireless or wired channels into a fourth multiplicity of output data.


It has been extremely important to know what the audience feels. With the growing technologies, people get to know what the majority thinks about a particular subject through review sites, people opinion voting sites, campaigns. Thus, it becomes necessary to get a conclusion on this so that the opinion-affected organization or individual gets a clear idea and works further. This survey introduces techniques and approaches that would directly help information-gathering systems. The present study focuses on methods that seek to address the new challenges raised by sentiment-aware applications, as compared to those that are already present in a more traditional-approach. Hence, we have tried to make the system more accurate by analyzing symbols which play a major role in sentiment learning. Proposed algorithm is compared and findings are presented in that explains each algorithm and its use in mining and analysis of Twitter textual data and provides deep insights as to what is the accuracy level in the mining process. We include a brief summary on broader issues such as privacy, manipulation and other related issues that opinion-access services gives rise to.


The authors exhibit an abelian group not embeddable in a product of copies of Z (the integers) but totally orderable so that every covering pair of convex subgroups has archimedean quotient isomorphic to Z (= g.d.), thus furnishing a counterexample to Théorème 4 on p. 53 of [21]; then go on to show that every countable g.d. group is algebraically free (§4); and purport to show it also embeddable in a lexicographic "sum" (supposedly the subgroup of the product generated by the factors) of copies of Z(Theorem 5.1). This latter result is however itself in error, as follows from the internal characterization of "weak Hahn sums" [3] as those in which every element admits only convex decompositions of bounded length. Where any such, indeed even a g.d. uncountable free, group is order embeddable, is into the full lexicographic product of copies of Z; and in the more precise sense of reversing any splitting embeddings into it of its archimedean quotients. This follows from the original proof in [20], [21] whose only defect was to fail to verify preservation of addition; as a consequence of Corollary 4.3 moreover, countable g.d. groups will thereby necessarily be sent on images which are "almost direct" in the sense of [3, p. 434]. In more detail: in the direct sum, ordered lexicographically, of archimedean ordered groups over a totally ordered index set, an element with n nonzero components can have at most n nonzero components in any finite direct sum decomposition for which the sum of the first m subgroups is (for every m less than the number of summands) convex: indeed, the original sum refines this decomposition (no convex subgroup can split an archimedean one, hence the convex partial direct sums consist of unions of successively larger initial segments of the totally ordered under inclusion set of convex subgroups). Thus a countable g.d. group not embeddable in such a sum may be found in the lexicographic product of copies of Z indexed by the natural numbers N, by


Developers' daily work produces, transforms, and communicates cross-cutting information across applications, including IDEs, emails, Q&A sites, Twitter, and many others. However, these applications function independently of one another. Even though each application has their own effective information management mechanisms, cross-cutting information across separate applications creates a problem of information fragmentation, forcing developers to manually track, correlate, and re-find cross-cutting information across applications. In this paper, we present ActivitySpace, a remembrance framework that unobtrusively tracks and analyze a developer's daily work in separate applications, and provides various semantic and episodic UIs that help developers correlate and re-find cross-cutting information across applications based on information content, time and place of his/her activities. Through a user study of 8 participants, we demonstrate how ActivitySpace helps to tackle information fragmentation problem in developers' daily work.


There have been many studies on water wave energy dissipated structures but few are concerned with elastic structures. This paper, an elastic membrane is used as an energy dissipation structure. A numerical analysis with boundary element is performed and results of its wave transmission characteristics are reported. Results of hydraulic tests are discussed.


Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for about half of HF hospitalizations, and has been reported to be more common amongst Caucasians and women in outpatient population studies. There are limited data, however, on the influence of race and gender on survival in HFpEF. We evaluated whether clinical characteristics and outcomes differ amongst HFpEF patients by race and gender. Methods: HFpEF (EF≥ 50%) hospitalization cases from 2005-2009 adjudicated by a physician panel were analyzed from the community-based surveillance component of the ARIC study, comprising 4 US communities (Jackson, MS; Washington County, MD; Minneapolis, MN; and Forsyth County, NC; combined population in 2009 = 214,000). The association of race and gender with mortality at 28-days and 1-year was evaluated. Results: Of 3,786 (weighted n = 18,265) adjudicated acute decompensated HF cases, 1,726 (weighted n = 8114) were categorized as HFpEF. Patient characteristics included: female (44%), African American (AA, 32%), hypertension (83%), diabetes (46%), and mean BMI of 28. Compared to Caucasians, AA's were younger (70 vs. 77 years, p 2 , p Conclusions: In hospitalized HFpEF patients, overall 28-day and 1-year mortality were high without apparent race- or gender-based differences in mortality. These data may help inform the development of future interventions and resource allocation.