This study was performed to measure fabric sound objectively and to relate the sound with human subjective sensation. Rubbing sound of each fabric was generated by an apparatus devised for this study and transformed into sound spectrum by fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis. As sound characteristics, level pressure of total sound (LPT), amplitude difference (ΔL), and frequency difference (Δf) were obtained. Seven sensation (softness, loudness, pleasantness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, and highness) and satisfaction for sound of each fabric were rated by free modulus magnitude estimation (FMME). The LPT of polyester taffeta was the highest (62.1dB) while the value of polyester ultrasuede was the lowest (37.4dB) among the fabrics. Values for level range (ΔL) of eight fabrics were ranged from 18.6dB to 52.4dB. Frequency difference (Δf) of all fabrics had negative values. Eight fabrics showed significant differences one another in each of sound sensation. Among the sensation, loudness, sharpness, roughness and highness were negatively correlated with sensation of softness and pleasantness. A regression model of each sensation was fitted as a function of sound parameters. Loudness, roughness, and highness were well predicted by sound parameters showing R2 higher than 0.7.


THE FOCUS TO HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE UAIM THAT OPENS ITS DOORS TO THE NATIVES AND MIXED PEOPLE OF MEXICO, WITH A MODER SOCIOCULTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUSTAIN. THE CONCEPTS OF CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ANRE BEING REVIEWED AND ALSO THE MEANING OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF COMUNICATION, (AS ELECTRONIC MAILS, CHATS, WEB PAGES) BESIDES OF THEIR UTILITY. IN THIS DOCUMENT IS BEING CONSIDERATE THE SENSE OF SHARING AND COMMUNCATING THE CULTURAL ASPECTS THOUGH THE COMPUTETIONAL TECHNOLOGY.


This thesis is concerned with two topics in Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory: improvement and the application of analytic techniques. On the topic of improvement, we develop a direct method for improving lattice Hamiltonians for gluons, in which linear combinations of gauge invariant lattice operators are chosen to cancel the lowest order discretisation errors. On the topic of analytic methods, we extend the techniques that have been used in 2+1 dimensional SU(2) variational calculations for many years, to the general case of SU(N). For this purpose a number of group integrals are calculated in terms of Toeplitz determinants. As generating functions these group integrals allow the calculation of all matrix elements appearing in variational glueball mass calculations in 2+1 dimensions. Making use of these analytic techniques, glueball masses in various symmetry sectors are calculated with N as large as 25 allowing extrapolations to infinite N to be performed. We finish with a feasibility study of applying analytic Hamiltonian techniques in 3+1 dimensional calculations.


geschichte of the fourth century A.H., digesting with full references all the material available from the historians of the period, including sources still accessible only in manuscript. The Caliphate, the grand vizier, the exchequer, the court, slavery, scholarship, the kadi, poetry, religion, morals, trade, industry, shipping, are a few of the subjects discussed. Professor Mez's book enables one to understand what Islam was in practice in one of its periods of greatest intellectual development. It is a book to be read along with Syed Ameer Ali's Spirit of Islam, which it supplements in many ways, supplying the facts from Arab historians which illuminate the Syed's book. The third volume of M. Rene Grousset's history of Asia is really very good, if something of a tour de force. None but a Frenchman could have covered so vast a subject so successfully. This volume deals with the various Mongol empires in Central Asia and Persia, modern Persia, and India, China from the Mongol period, and the history of Japan. M. Grousset has given us an admirable and accurate conspectus of the main lines of historical development in Asia in a delightfully readable form. A feature of the book is the sketch of the career of Chingiz Khan, the stories of whose cruelties have blinded historians to his great ability. We are sorry to see M. Grousset giving his authority to the late and ridiculous story of Chingiz Khan's performance in the mosque of Bukhara, which Barthold has disposed of.


The treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major challenge. The present study aimed to throw more light on the role of copper (I)‐nicotinate complex (CNC) as an antitumor as well as a proapoptotic agent. In this study, the HCC‐1806 cell line was used as a model for TNBC. Cell cycle, apoptosis assay, and programmed cell death protein‐1 were investigated by flowcytometry. Besides, the comet assay was performed using a fluorescence microscope. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique was used for the detection of phospho‐Chk1 at ser 317 and caspase‐3. Moreover, the gene expression of survivin was identified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was calorimetrically assayed. The viability of HCC‐1806 cells treated with CNC was decreased in a dose‐dependent manner. The tendency for apoptotic machinery was observed through the increase in the sub G0 peak, the percentage of early and late apoptotic phases, and the elevation in caspase‐3 levels associated with a downregulation of the survivin gene expression. The antioxidant property of the complex, reflected by elevated SOD activity, may contribute to mediate the cell death pathways. Low concentrations of CNC were found to favor the apoptotis‐mediated mechanism. However, one cannot neglect the abundance of cell necrosis–mediated death of cells via CNC, especially at higher concentrations.


Multispecies metapopulation models generally make the assumption that the interacting species occupy the same habitat network as one another. We examined the spatial distribution, metapopulation structure, and habitat network of four lepidopteran herbivores feeding on a single host plant, Lotus corniculatus, in a patchy landscape in North Wales, UK. The four species showed contrasting spatial distributions despite the fact that they feed on the same host plant. Information on dispersal rates and population turnover suggest that each species is likely to exhibit metapopulation dynamics, but with different relative contributions of local and regional processes. Detailed analyses of habitat requirements suggest that habitat networks were species-specific, and their degree of occupancy a function of the number of patches in the system. These results do not support the idea that patchiness promotes regional coexistence through multispecies metapopulation dynamics. Rather, each species appeared to act as a largely independent metapopulation system in its own specific habitat network. The results also suggest that conservation recommendations must be based on detailed analysis of the requirements of each key species in order to understand their spatial dynamics.


Abstract:Laila Lalami is a professor of creative writing at the University of California at Riverside. After earning a BA in English from Mohammed V University in Rabat, she moved to the UK to complete an MA in linguistics and then the United States for her PhD at the University of Southern California. She has published four novels and received widespread critical acclaim. The Moor's Account was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize and selected as a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. Her most recent novel, The Other Americans, was released in March 2019.


Any kind of a sensory substitution device designed as an assistive technology for a particular group of users must address a very important question: what senses should be utilized as well as how to design and optimize the stimulation patterns? Various measures can be applied in order to estimate the quality of the proposed solution: one can measure the length of the training process, scores and navigation times in various use case scenarios, evaluate the cognitive load of the system, design surveys and questionnaires for the users, etc. Unfortunately, as the human brain and sensory substitution problem are both very complex, there is no single, true quantitative and qualitative method that can be used to compare different solutions. In the studies presented in this article, isolated responses to external auditory and tactile sensory stimulation events, their parameters and features are measured in a series of cognitive experiments and confronted with individual preferences of the visually impaired (VIP) and normally sighted (NSP) users.


Web services composition is an important research field of service applications.By the similarity between workflow and Web services composition,a new Web services composition model based on workflow template is proposed.In this model,the workflow and Web service can be found more accurately by using the advantage of the functional semantics.The Agent method is used to execute the composition flow.Finally,the template flow and the Web service are published to the register library by using the publishing algorithm.


ABSTRACT This work presents an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) called the Embedded Process Prediction Intrusion Prevention System (EPPIPS) to detect cyber-attacks by predicting what harm the attacks could cause to the physical process in critical infrastructure. EPIPPS is a digital twin internal to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). EPPIPS examines incoming command packets and programs sent to the PLC. If EPPIPS predicts these packets or programs to be harmful, EPPIPS can potentially prevent or limit the harm. EPPIPS consists of a module that examines the packets that would alter settings or actuators and incorporates a model of the physical process to aid in predicting the effect of processing the command. Specifically, EPPIPS determines whether a safety violation would occur for critical variables in the physical system. Experiments were performed on virtual testbeds involving a water tank and pipeline with a variety of command-injection attacks to determine the classification accuracy of EPPIPS. Also, uploaded programs including time and logic bombs are evaluated on whether the programs were unsafe. The results show EEPIPS is effective in predicting effects of setting changes in the PLC. EPPIPS's accuracy is 98% for the water tank and 96% for the pipeline.


The knowledge of the pore pressure field evolution around the pressuremeter probe during an expansion test can help to better control the drainage conditions during the test and thus its interpretation, but it can also improve a soil classification method like the one developed for the CPTu. This paper presents the calibration chamber developed by Jean Lutz SA. This device was used to perform pore pressure dissipation tests during the expansion test. The tank has a set of pore pressure and total pressure sensors installed in the ground mass close to the probe. Thus, the variation of the pore pressure could be monitored at different points in real time around the pressuremeter. This paper presents the first experimental data from monotonous and cyclic tests on Hostun sand and compares them with a numerical model (Cesar LCPC) which uses the Mohr coulomb failure criterion elastoplastic model for the soil modelling. Finally, a comparison of the classical triaxial tests with the first multi-cyclic results performed in this calibration chamber is done in order to evaluate the behaviour of the soil under cyclic solicitation and furthermore, the potential risk of soil liquefaction.


This paper uses a large individual data set from the Euro Barometer Survey (ICPSR 1993) to estimate the influence of religious phenomena on self-perceived satisfaction of an individual, controlling for macroeconomic conditions, effects of his political stance, and other socio-economic variables. Our estimated ordered logit model results show that an individual's life satisfaction is positively related to measures of strong religious attachment in the sense of being willing to commit to attending religious services frequently. Our other findings include that no strong evidence exists for the hypothesis that leftists suffer more from income inequality.


ABSTRACT Medical training in the UK provides limited exposure to formal training in leadership and management, and yet the role of a consultant or general practitioner requires such skills which deal with commissioning arrangements, service transformation, quality improvement, Care Quality Commission visits, complaints and supervision of junior colleagues. A number of clinical fellowships in leadership now exist to bridge this gap, and provide training in leadership and management, together with experiential learning in a complex organisation. Well-established leadership schemes suited to junior doctors include the National Medical Director's Clinical Fellow Scheme, the Royal College of Physicians' chief registrar scheme, the Darzi Fellowship scheme and local schemes run by Health Education England. Here we describe and compare our experience of these schemes, and outline what junior doctors should consider when applying for a clinical fellowship.


The present invention discloses a method of homing points a synthetic aperture radar target dot image data, comprising a step of: correcting the weighting antenna pattern; Step two: a radar receiver power correction; Step three: Find dimensional maxima; Step IV: positioning point target pixel position; step five: location verification; step six: two-dimensional frequency domain interpolation, the precise location of the target point is positioned. The synthetic aperture radar image data of the target dot according to the present invention homing point, reducing manual work to find the point of operation; to overcome the non-uniform amplitude characteristic points since the antenna weighting certain other causes, to find points with high accuracy; available synthetic aperture radar image data in a target dot precise location, can be used for accurate positioning scaler, by controlling the interpolation factor, the adjustable positioning accuracy of the target position; may be used to implement the dot SAR automatic target evaluation image data to obtain an image the average performance data, to better reflect the actual performance of the system.


Spontaneous breakdown of Weyl invariance (local scale invariance) in a conformally-invariant extension of a gauge model for weak and electromagnetic interactions is considered. The existence of an asymmetric vacuum for the Higgs field, phi, is seen to depend on the space-time structure via the Gursey-Penrose term, approximately phi/sup +/phi R, in the action. (R denotes the scalar curvature.) The effects of a prescribed space-time structure on spontaneously broken Weyl invariance is investigated. In a cosmological space-time, it is found that initially, in the primordial fireball, the symmetry must hold exactly. Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) develops as the universe expands and cools. Consequences of this model include a dependence of G/sub F/, the effective weak interaction coupling strength, on ''cosmic time.'' It is seen to decrease monotonically; in the present epoch (G/sub F//G/sub F/)/sub TODAY/ approximately less than 10/sup -10/ (year)/sup -1/. The effects of the Schwarzschild geometry on SSB are explored. In the interior of a neutron star the Higgs vacuum expectation value, and consequently G/sub F/, is found to have a radial dependence. The magnitude of this variation does not warrant revision of present models of neutron star structures. Another perspective on the problem considered a theory of gravitationmore » (conformal relativity) to be incorporated in the conformally invariant gauge model of weak and electromagnetic interactions. If SSB develops, the vacuum gravitational field equations are the Einstein field equations with a cosmological constant. The stability of the asymmetric vacuum solution is investigated to ascertain whether SSB can occur.« less


Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a trend in various industries. In the marketing field, artificial intelligence has been the main driver of its growth and an important tool for companies, organisations, and marketing specialists. However, there is a gap between the existing AI research and the actual application of the technologies in marketing. To bridge the gap, this study focuses on the current state of research on artificial intelligence in marketing and AI technologies used in marketing. Research articles on this topic are searched from the ScienceDirect database and the IEEE Xplore database and the non-empirical studies are filtered out by selection criteria. Then the selected articles are analysed using the method of bibliometrics and content analysis. This study describes the landscape of research in artificial intelligence in marketing, summarises AI technologies applied in the marketing field, provides advice on applying AI applications to marketing for marketing specialists, and presents future research directions for AI specialists. Results show that the application of AI in marketing will increase fast in the coming years. In particular, companies and organisations may greatly benefit from the use of AI technology in marketing to increase sales, cut costs, improve firm productivity, boost innovation, and achieve organisational goals.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of liquefying a methane-rich compressed gas stream (10), liquefaction of the gas stream, the heat exchanger which is cooled by the closed loop multicomponent refrigeration system (45) (33) It occurs at an internal, to produce a liquid product having a sufficient pressure to be present in more than about -112 ℃ (-170 ° F) higher than the liquid product obtained when the temperature is bubble point. Liquefied gas product is then charged to the storage means (50) at a temperature above about -112 ℃ (-170 ° F).


The languages Message Sequence Charts (MSC) [1], System Design Language (SDL) [2] and Testing and Test Control Notation Testing (TTCN-3) [3] have been developed for the design, modelling and testing of complex software systems. These languages have been developed to complement one another in the software development process. Each of these languages has features for describing, analysing or testing the real time properties of systems. Robust toolsets exist which provide integrated environments for the design, analysis and testing of systems, and it is claimed, for the complete development of real time systems. It was shown in [4] however, that there are fundamental problems with the SDL language and its associated tools for modelling and reasoning about real time systems. In this paper we present the limitations of TTCN3 and propose recommendations which help minimise the timing inaccuracies that would otherwise occur in using the


The form of implementation of the developer's responsibility towards fulfilling the rights of BTN housing consumers are as follows: the right to obtain information, the right to obtain good housing construction, the right to obtain public facilities provided directly by the developer and the right to obtain insurance coverage. The settlement efforts taken by the consumer and business actors in resolving the problems faced by the consumer are carried out through non-litigation or amicable legal settlements carried out by both parties. This research uses the type of empirical normative research. The type of normative research is a type of research that emphasizes the study of legal science and seeks to examine the applicable legal rules. The results in this study are the form of implementing the developer's responsibility for fulfilling the rights of BTN housing consumers as follows: the right to obtain information, the right to obtain good housing construction, the right to obtain public facilities provided directly by the developer and the right to obtain insurance coverage.


When grassland degradation became a global issue because of overgrazing and other human activities, grassland managers implemented different management methods in an attempt to restore grassland ecosystems (e.g. conservation actions). Few studies have investigated the impacts of conservation actions (removing large grazers and conserving biodiversity) on grassland ecosystems, therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impacts of conservation actions and to measure the time lag of the significant influences of grassland conservations on mixed grasslands that were assessed by five different biophysical parameters (biodiversity, soil organic matter, fresh biomass, litter cover and green cover). Instead of measuring the biophysical parameters from field data and remotely sensed images, the methodology of this study focused on the difference in biophysical parameters between the ecological comparison sites (grazing sites and conserved sites), which enhance the impacts of grassland conservation on grasslands comparing to grazing management. The results show that: (i) biodiversity in conserved grasslands increased gradually in the first 3–5 years, decreased gradually over the next 4 or 5 years, and then stabilized after that; (ii) soil organic matter increased and reached its maximum value within 7–9 years of conservation and then remained at this level, while litter accumulated the maximum level one year later than soil organic matter; (iii) soil organic matter is the primary factor of biodiversity in the grasslands with low litter accumulation, while high-density litter layers are the primary cause of decreases in biodiversity; (iv) fresh biomass decreased over a period of 7–10 years under conservation and remained nearly unchanged after that; (v) green vegetation fraction was also increased by conservation action in about 6–7 years. The result of this study provides the fundamental information for implementing and adjusting grassland management policies.


generally very clear, there is one lapse, in a failure to explain adequately what is meant by the 'direction' in which the warps are threaded through the holes. (p.): one is left to understand by inference. To be fair, Collingwood's (pp. –) are no better in this respect. The catalogue section is generally unambiguous, though it would be useful to know the direction of wrapping for silver-covered silk in kılaptan (p., a) for comparison with other regions. The illustration of bands used in a topak ev (the Anatolian trellis tent) is unfortunate, as it is wrongly rigged, in an exhibition. A full Turkish glossary would be useful. The translation is generally clear and easy to read, though occasionally current technical terms, such as back-strap loom, or crupper are not used, and some, like 'sack handle' could be improved (as sack strap). References to two works by Crowfoot, mentioned in the text, are absent from the otherwise comprehensive bibliography, as are some more recent works. Of several misprints, which should be corrected in the future imprints which must follow, the worst is a consistent appearance of 'Caucuses' instead of Caucasus, presumably due to a misleading dictionary. These, though, are all minor blemishes on an original, meticulous, and most impressive achievement. This is clearly a book intended primarily for weavers, though it should give pleasure to anyone interested in textiles.


Reactively ion etched (RIE) n-GaN epitaxial films with differ- ent degrees of surface damage are investigated. To realize prominent effects resulting from RIE damage on electrical and optical properties, the samples are processed at various rf power levels and particularly under relatively high dc self-bias. We find that the restoration of crystal damage in optical properties evaluated by photoluminescence (PL) peak enhancements for samples thermally annealed at 750 °C for 3 min could achieve up to 60 to 65% of those before RIE processing. Under high dc self-bias, it is evident that higher rf power produces rougher etched sur- faces with more severe damage and higher surface resistance, so the damaged crystal is more difficult to recover. A transmission-line model is used to estimate the variation of ohmic contact resistance. Note that KOH surface treatment prior to contact deposition is more effective in lowering contact resistance than that of a damaged surface restored only by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) processing. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical


This study explores the potential of using a sensor system and deep learning algorithm for automatic recognition and classification of human movement intentions to enhance the control of active orthopedic aids such as orthoses, prostheses, and exoskeletons. The sensor system consists of four inertial measurement units (IMU) attached to the thighs, lower back, and chest of a person, measuring acceleration and rotational velocity in three axes each. A dataset was generated from 20 healthy individuals performing various movements from a standing position, and preprocessed and segmented into time windows. The data was fed into a convolutional neural network (CNN) capable of classifying the time windows into seven classes. The network achieved a classification accuracy of up to 82 %. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed system for successful application in the control of assistance systems, which can improve the operability and effectiveness of orthopedic aids.


Aims & Objectives Oligodontia is designated as the congenital agenesis of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars. Thus the comprehensive management of such a condition is always challenging and requires a multi-disciplinary approach involving orthodontic, oral surgical, periodontic and prosthodontic specialties. The purpose of this article is to throw light on the fact that early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment phases are essential for a successful treatment outcome. Case  description This case report presents a multidisciplinary management of a 20- year old female patient of familial non-syndromic oligodontia with congenitally missing eight permanent teeth. The first phase of therapy aimed at a pre-prosthetic orthodontic space gain, alignment, canine uprighting and corrections of intermaxillary relations as a pre-requisite for better treatment outcome. Phase two therapy was the full mouth rehabilitation of the entire dentition using 'Twin stage Hobo technique' at an increased vertical dimension of 3mm . Conclusion The prosthodontic rehabilitation was completed using tooth supported fixed metal ceramic restorations. These full mouth fixed restorations successfully restored function and esthetics. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE


Experimental English Learning is the mainstream in today's education research and practice.The concept of experiential learning model tells us that education is to create a direct and related learning environment,to let learners acquire knowledge,to develop their skills and feelings in such an environment.In the whole teaching process,the core of experimental teaching is to let learners experience language through real or simulated language learning activities,to increase their confidence,to experience success and happiness.Hence,how to construct an experiential English learning environment is of great significance.This paper aims to discuss the construction and significance of experimental English learning environment in several aspects such as the classroom teaching design,students-centered activities,information input for the students and their language output in the classroom,interaction opportunities for the learners,autonomy learning and language use in doing things and solving the problems,etc.


Purpose of Study: The research aimed to describe the Participatory Regional Regulation based local wisdom and to formulate the model of the participatory regional regulation in the future based on the concept of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The regional regulations created by the local governments should involve the local community by raising the local wisdom of the respective region by considering the potential of conflict with the laws and regulations so that they will have the impunity power of being obeyed by the community since they provide impacts for the community tranquility and welfare. The differences among the regional regulation of each region are the manifestation of Bhineka Tunggal Ika, 2) The participatory regional regulation based on local wisdom is prepared for the future by accommodating the strength of society autonomy and organizations of interest by placing them in a more adequate position in the context of promoting the growth of civil society such as by providing the public with access to public information, access to participation and access to justice so that the role of society can be manifested in various forms, including the process of decision-making, management, and control.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative with the empirical juridical approach. The research gives a contribution to the regional Government to ensure regional autonomy as mandated by the Constitution of 1945 can run properly.
Results: The results of the discussion included: 1) the community upheaval that occurs due to the enforcement of local regulation is assumed as the decline of national democracy.
Implications/Applications: The regional regulations are derived from the thought rooted in participatory approaches as the implication of the efforts to enact a democratic development model based on democracy; hence, they must be done by reforming the regulations that situate law within the community and humanity as the main focus.


Results of preliminary study of temporal characteristics of the XeCl-laser capacitance preionization are presented. The preionization of active medium is one of the major factors, which determines operation of electric-discharge lasers. The roles played by HCl density as well as optimal delay between the main discharge and auxiliary preionization discharge are investigated.


Abstract The synthesis of diorganostannyl bis(O-alkylphosphonates) R2SnOP(O)H(OR') is described. The compounds 1–15 (R=Me, n-Bu, t-Bu, Oct, Bz; R'=Me, Et, i-Prop) have been obtained by reaction of diorganodichlorostannanes R2SnCI2 with dialkylphosphonates HP(O)(OR')2 without of any or in polar organic solvents at higher temperature. The reaction proceeds in water at a temperature of about 90°C as well. The nmr spectra of 1–15 show hexacoordinate tin species. The ligands are all-trans arranged in the coordination polyhedron with distortions depending on R shown by IR data.


Sensory systems are our gateways to the outside world. How are these complex systems—sensory organ and the associated brain pathways—set up during development? Molecular cues are of course essential in establishing many basic cellular characteristics and the connections between all elements of a


e23070Background: Serial liquid biopsy assessment provides a unique platform for detecting existing and / or emergent resistance mutations; it may be particularly beneficial when patients begin to ...


Aim The demand for a synthetic bone substitute that can build bone and at the same time kill bacteria is high. The aim of this study was to compare the elution of gentamicin from a new synthetic bone substitute in vitro with the performance in clinical applications.

Method Gentamicin release was measured from a synthetic bone graft substitute, comparing in vitro and clinical conditions:

Gentamicin concentrations were analyzed using antibody technique.

Results In the in vitro study, there was an initial peak in the gentamicin concentration (GC) for all the samples and at a level above 4mg/L, which is the MIC break point, during the whole test period of 28 days. All gentamicin was released during the test period and more than 95 % had been released after 2–4 days independently of the surface area of the material, or if it was pre-set or paste. In the clinical studies similar results were found. Gentamicin was detected in the drainage until 2 days post-op. and the hip patients 40% less GC – compared to the tumor patients. In the blood serum with higher GC in the tumor patients and non-detectable levels after 2 days post-op for the hip patients. The GC was significantly lower than maximum systemic level recommended of 12 mg/L. In the urine, GC was above the MIC of 4mg/L for the first seven days post-op.

Conclusions A reliable in vitro test method has been identified for the future development of additional new and effective antibiotic containing bone substitutes. The new bone regenerating carrier gives very high local antibiotic release for a controlled short time after surgery and high systemic serum concentrations are avoided.


Measurements of mean lives of the first excited states of a number of odd-$A$ nuclei have been carried out with the intention of obtaining more accurate information on magnetic transition probabilities than is at present available. Most of these mean lives are in the range of 2-20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ sec, and for this measurement a special timing apparatus has been devised which consists of a microwave beam pulsing system and a beta-ray spectrometer and cavity combination which acts as a microwave shutter. In four cases the exponential decay could be determined directly; these were the first excited states of ${\mathrm{Lu}}^{175}$, ${\mathrm{Hf}}^{179}$, and ${\mathrm{Ta}}^{181}$, and the 118-kev level of ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{169}$. The results for these levels are: $\ensuremath{\tau}({\mathrm{Tm}}^{169})=(9.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ sec, $\ensuremath{\tau}({\mathrm{Lu}}^{175})=(14.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ sec, $\ensuremath{\tau}({\mathrm{Hf}}^{179})=(5.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ sec, and $\ensuremath{\tau}({\mathrm{Ta}}^{181})=(6.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ sec. Lifetime measurements were also carried out for the first excited states of ${\mathrm{Hf}}^{177}$, ${\mathrm{Re}}^{185}$, and ${\mathrm{Re}}^{187}$. The limitations and scope of this method of measuring lifetimes are discussed.


the purpose of this research paper is to discuss an efficient algorithm for tracking maximum power point. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been used since decades to improve the efficiency of Photovoltaic systems. Perturb and Observe algorithm is a simple and conventional MPPT algorithm which works by moving towards achieving maximum power point by keeping track of voltages. It calculates the required degree of perturbation based on the step-size and the value of voltage at a given time. Maximum power point techniques yield better results under uniform insolation and other environmental conditions like temperature, but fail to extract maximum power under partial shading conditions. The algorithm is implemented by simulation by using MATLAB/Simulink and the results are discussed. The algorithm is implemented on hardware components, 50V photovoltaic array, DC-DC Buck converter, current sensor and LCD for displaying the results. Finally, a comparison between the results obtained through simulation and hardware components is presented and future prospects are discussed to improve the efficiency of the implemented algorithm.


The color of bird plumage is generally vivid, beautiful, and diverse compared with that of the coats of mammals. The plumage color indicates differences in bird class and sex, and it influences selection for mating, antibacterial activity, and other characteristics. Although the most common pigment in bird feathers is melanin, other pigments are present in the plumage of several species, such as carotenoids in flamingos, psittacofulvin in parakeets, spheniscine in penguins, and porphyrin (Pp) in owls and bustards. Plumage color is determined by the pigment color, and the pigments are mainly distributed on the front side of the plumage, making them easily recognized from the outside by partners. However, it is known that part of Pp is distributed in the backside feathers, and it emits red fluorescence under ultraviolet A (UVA, 320-400 nm) irradiation. Recently, we noticed that the rachises of oriental turtle dove plumage emitted salmon pink fluorescence under UVA irradiation similarly as those of owls and bustards. In this study, the pigment emitting salmon pink fluorescence was analyzed using reflection and absorption spectrophotometry,


In 1813, Wordsworth incorporated the structure of Plutarch's Parallel Lives into Books VI and VII of The Excursion. He began re-reading Plutarch after the deaths of two of his children: Catherine on June 4, and Thomas on December 1, 1812. On Dec. 17, William wrote that Thomas "was a Child of heavenly disposition, meek, simple, innocent unoffending affectionate tender-hearted, passionately fond of knowledge, and ardent in his duty, but in every thing else mild and peacefull" (Letters III 56). Similarly, Dorothy wrote: "Thomas was the darling of the house, and of everyone who looked at him--he was innocent as a new-born Babe--with a heavenly light on his countenance" (Letters III 61). His character, reminiscent of the child in the Immortality Ode, struck Dorothy as remarkable, and prompted her to compare him with his siblings: "[Dorothy] has great sensibility with liveliness in the extreme which is attended with its frequently accompanying fault, restlessness; and at times unquietness of manners. John and she are opposites--Thomas was between them--he had not the faults of either" (Letters III 64). By drawing comparisons with his siblings, Dorothy makes sense of Thomas's virtues similar to those which Plutarch draws in his Parallel Lives. William and Dorothy's tributes to Thomas might be read as rehearsals for his epitaph. Fittingly, for a child who lived "Six months to six years added," the epitaph that William composed for Thomas's grave was six lines long. It contains two references to his character, echoing Dorothy's claim that he "was the darling ... of everyone who looked at him" in the line "A Child whom every eye that look'd on lov'd" (Shorter Poems 123, 1. 4), and encapsulating his "heavenly disposition" in the epithet "by sin unstain'd" (1. 2). Yet these generic terms of praise do not come close to capturing the tender accounts of Thomas's character which William and Dorothy gave in their letters. By paring down the lists of adjectives which he and Dorothy originally used to describe his son, William conforms to the principles which he had set out in "Essays upon Epitaphs" three years earlier. These Essays are ambivalent on the subject of character. In the first, Wordsworth argues that "[t]he character of a deceased friend or beloved kinsman is not seen, no--nor ought to be seen, otherwise than as a tree through a tender haze or a luminous mist" (Prose II 58). He argues that "minute distinctions in individual character ... will, even when they are true and just, for the most part be grievously out of place; for, as it is probable that few only have explored these intricacies of human nature, so can the tracing of them be interesting only to a few" (59) .On this basis, he rejects Pope's epitaphs, which convey a "mere character," in favour of John Weever's view that "an Epitaph was not to be an abstract character of the deceased but an epitomized biography" (Prose II 77, 89). The character is to be communicated precisely by moving it out of focus, so that, like the tree in the "luminous mist," it can be clothed with the imagination. Wordsworth upheld these convictions when he wrote the epitaph for Thomas, paring down the description of his character. Yet this form left much unsaid, and Wordsworth's renewed interest in character seems to have prompted his reading. Duncan Wu notes that in March, 1811, and again by May, 1814, Wordsworth re-read Sir Thomas North's translation of Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Grecians & Romans--the translation which was also read by Shakespeare (Wu 168-9). (1) In Plutarch, Wordsworth found a writer who shared his deep interest in character. By pairing the lives of noble Greeks with those of noble Romans, Plutarch had explored the formation of character and the role it plays in shaping actions and experiences. After each pair of lives, he wrote a comparison ([TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] or synkrisis) in which he compared and contrasted the characters of his Greek and Roman subjects. …


This paper presents the evolution of the application of MMICs in on-board space equipment's. Advantages and disadvantages are highlighted and the major trade-off factors are described. Several examples of recent on-board equipment's based on MMICs are given with the major achievements.


This paper makes an analysis on the subjective and objective causes of the source of work pressure in enterprise and elaborates that work pressures affect staff's physical and mental health as well as their working efficiency deeply. While moderate work pressures help staff to input all internal resources to handle pressures to achieve the newbalance between being healthy and working efficiency, too much pressure from work can lead to improper mentality and behaviors which can result in negative effects on both health and working efficiency and negative balance. Research on the countermeasures against work pressures have become an important project of professional psychologists. The team members have discovered some effective measures in our field research, which nowtakes their written forms in order to promote them in practice.


The present invention provides a composite material with which a conductor pattern can easily be formed and a method for manufacturing the composite material. A composite material according to the present invention comprises a fibre material that can be fabricated as three-dimensional components and a Cu 3 N material that is coated onto the fibre material, and is activated when irradiated by a laser and forms a metal layer in a plating process. When the composite material according to the present invention is used, a conductor pattern can be more easily formed using a simpler process compared to existing conductor pattern formation methods.


The incidence of postoperative sensitivity was investigated by examining several potential
sources of pain. Following an appointment for a restoration of moderate class III carious lesions. a
population of twenty subjects with a total of forty restorations was asked about their experienced
pain as a part of a survey. This survey required subjects to answer three printed questionnaircs after
onc, three and seven days post-operatively. Questions covcred thrce different potcntial soun:cs of
postoperative pain: osmotic, thermal and tactile following the dental appointment. Clinil:al assessment
of the restoration for evaluation of objective symptoms related to over mentioned stimuli and
confirmation of the subjective symptoms was also done The majority of subjects experienced postoperative
pain when the direct snap shottel:hnique was used for polymerizing the restoration. When
soft start guided technique was utilized all the subjects did not experience any pain. In general. subjects
received restorations with soft start direct polymerization manifested post operative pain less
than snap- shot guided technique. Patients experience pain in the first 24 hours following resin composite
restorations except with the soft guided polymerization technique. On the other hand. dentists
should consider informing the patients that pain will decrease gradually and disappear after seven
days providing that a successful restoration was performed


Introduction: the obstetrical patient proposes unique considerations for the critical care, thus, the staff members must to have knowledges on this area. These patients may benefit with the technology and the experience of the critical obstetrics. Objective: to characterize the critical obstetric patient seen in the "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" Central Military Hospital. Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in critically ill obstetric patients seen in the «Dr. Luis Días Soto» Central Military Hospital from January, 2006 to June, 2008 including the pregnant and puerperal patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). For analysis authors used the admission rate of obstetric patients in the ICU and the Chi test to determine the statistical association among variables. Data collected were processed in SPSS and showed in frequency tables. Results: twenty six critical patients were studied where the more frequent age group was that between 31 and 35 years. The complicated pneumonia and the uterine atony were the leading causes of admission in ICU (15.6 and 11.6 %, respectively). The 23 % need mechanical ventilation and the hypovolemic shock was the major complication present (15.4 %). The mean stay was of 7 days. Conclusions: admission incidence of critical obstetric patients in ICU behaves in an irregular way and the non-obstetric causes were those with more frequency lead to admission in this unit.


The aim of this study was to i) investigate the content of inorganic (macro- and microelements) and organic compounds (total phenolics, total flavonoids and total tannins) and ii) evaluate the antioxidant activities of total phenolics and total tannins in S. domestica L. bark, fruits (separately exocarp and mesocarp) and seeds using phytochemical analyses. Results revealed all the tested service tree samples were rich in potassium. Bark, among the tested samples, was the best source of calcium and zinc, while seeds were the best source of magnesium. Extracts of immature exocarp and bark contained the highest amounts of total phenolics. Ripening significantly decreased the amount of phenolics in fruits (both exocarp and mesocarp). Exocarp was significantly richer in total flavonoids than mesocarp, bark or seeds. The highest antioxidant activity showed phenolics from immature exocarp and then from bark. The antioxidant activity of phenolics and tannins from exocarp, but not from mesocarp, was significantly decreased after ripening. Based on the data we conclude that service tree bark and seeds are significantly better sources of macro- and microelements than fruits, while exocarp and bark are better sources of total phenols and flavonoids. We suggest that under-utilized species Sorbus domestica L. could be used as a great source of mineral elements and antioxidants important for human diet.


The frontline of hospital in providing health services related to Covid-19 outbreak is the Emergency Room (ER), so that it comes as a high-risk place for Covid-19 transmission among patients and patients as well as patients and health workers in the medical context. To prevent the transmission, several changes should be done in ER during Covid-19 pandemic. Besides, this research aimed at analyzing the changes made to ER as an effort to prevent and control Covid-19 infection which could be utilized as a recommendation for the ER towards other hospitals during this epidemic disease. The method used in this article was a literature review by researching the design through Google Scholar, Mendeley, and PubMed. The keywords included emergency department, hospital, changes, guidelines, preparedness, and Covid-19. The criteria of selected articles were published in 2020 using full English text, and the type of research was descriptive qualitative research. In addition, the total of the articles were 5 used articles which should match the research criteria related to the topic of the research. Based on the results of the literature reviews from the experts, the changes made to ER during the Covid-19 pandemic were divided into 3 parts such as preparation, pre-triage and during triage. Likewise, the made changes during the preparation consisted of organizational structure and leadership, human resource management, infrastructure, and logistics. Likewise, the changes made during pre-triage were online clinics and patient screening. At last, the change made during triage was in line with the patients' triage flow.


Abstract A mixture of two compounds with potent antiplasmodial activity in vitro against the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum (half maximal inhibitory concentration, 1.12 μg/mL) was obtained in a previous investigation of the CH2Cl2-MeOH extract of the seeds of Salacia longipes var. camerunensis. Separation by column chromatography led now to the isolation of salaterpene E (1) and (1R,2R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9S,10R)-2-acetoxy-1,6,9-tribenzoyloxy-4-hydroxy-dihydro-β-agarofuran (2). The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and its absolute configuration was established unambiguously by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Also the absolute configurations of the recently described salaterpenes A (2a) and D (2b) were determined by this method using the anomalous scattering of the oxygen atoms only.


ABSTRACT The structure evolution of fluorinated graphite (CF x ) upon the Li/Na intercalation has been studied by first-principles calculations. The Li/Na adsorption on single CF layer and intercalated into bulk CF have been calculated. The better cycling performance of Na intercalation into the CF cathode, comparing to that of Li intercalation, is attributed to the different strength and characteristics of the Li-F and Na-F interactions. The interactions between Li and F are stronger and more localized than those between Na and F. The strong and localized Coulomb attraction between Li and F atoms breaks the C−F bonds and pulls the F atoms away, and graphene sheets are formed upon Li intercalation.


When we develop the tight-fit 2D pattern from the 3D scan data, segmentation of the 3D scan data into several parts is necessary to make a curved surface into a flat plane. In this study, Garland's method of triangle simplification was adopted to reduce the number of data point without distorting the original shape. The Runge-Kutta method was applied to make triangular patch from the 3D surface in a 2D plane. We also explored the detailed arrangement method of small 2D patches to make a tight-fit pattern for a male body. As results, minimum triangle numbers in the simplification process and efficient arrangement methods of many pieces were suggested for the optimal 2D pattern development. Among four arrangement methods, a block method is faster and easier when dealing with the triangle patches of male's upper body. Anchoring neighboring vertices of blocks to make 2D pattern was observed to be a reasonable arrangement method to get even distribution of stress in a 2D plane.


Objective: Analyze of 154 cases reported and collected in our hospital in 2009 and 2010 to understand the characteristics and law of adverse drug reaction(ADR) occurrence for promoting rational drug use in clinic.Methods: 154 cases reported and collected in our hospital in 2009 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The statistical analysis was performed on age,route of administration,drug type,adverse reactions and clinical manifestations.Results: Most of ADR were induced by antibiotics and TCM injections,account-ing for 44.81% and 20.78% respectively.91.55% cases were caused by intravenous drip.The injuries of skin and accessories were most common,accounting for 75.79%.Conclusion: ADR monitoring should be attached importance in clinic,especially the observation on the medication course in the children and elderly.Antimicrobial agents and TCM injections should be rationally used to prevent or reduce the occurrence of ADR.


The newer model for variance, the Allan technique, now adopted for testing, is analyzed in the subject mode. A model is generated (including considerable contribution from the station secondary frequency standard), and rationalized with existing data. The variance model is definitely sound; the Allan technique mates theory and measure. The mean-frequency model is an estimate; this problem is yet to be rigorously resolved. The unaltered defining expressions are noncovergent, and the observed mean is quite erratic.


'This is a timely and perceptive guide to the practice, pedagogy, and prospects for one of the fastest growing areas in English studies. For the range and richness of its contributions covering the craft of composition from every imaginable angle, and for the variety and vibrancy of its engagement with literary art as a public form, this volume will become a touchstone for all who value creative writing as an engaging art, and an art of engagement.'


Deserts are among the most poorly understood biomes in the world, currently experiencing among the highest rates of environmental change and biodiversity loss. A major controlling factor on the ecology and distribution of vegetation and animal populations in these harsh arid systems is the abundance and distribution of water sources. Accordingly, extraction and redistribution of water at artificial water points across desert landscapes can constitute a real threat to local ecosystem dynamics. A major challenge in tackling this potential threat is identifying changes in the distribution of artificial water points through space and time, due to the difficulties of collecting such information at relevant spatial and temporal scales. We here investigate the potential for freely available satellite imagery to provide reliable information about the distribution of artificial water points using the Ouadi Rime‐Ouadi Achim Faunal Reserve (OROAFR), Chad, as a case study. We reveal that Landsat 8 data combined with texture analysis can accurately detect these artificial landmarks across the heterogeneous environment of OROAFR; 75.68% of artificial water points within the site were successfully identified and false positive detection rate was minimal at 7.69%. The methodological framework developed for this work, based on the treatment of freely available satellite data using open source software, adds to other works attempting to help monitor threats to biodiversity in desert ecosystems, enabling up‐to‐date information on the level of anthropogenic activities in these habitats to be easily and regularly collected.


Subnet relay (SNR) is a suite of protocols that was developed for the navies of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (AUSCANNZUKUS) to permit the deployment of masterless, ad-hoc, self-configuring tactical IP networks with inherent relay capabilities. Line-of-Sight (LOS) radio assets, primarily in the VHF and UHF bands, are used to give tactical commanders an intra-task-group data networking system under their local control, without having to rely on strategic reach-back through satellite. SNR is described in ACP 200 and is currently under consideration for adoption as a NATO STANAG. In this paper we consider the use of SNR with HF bearers which provide much greater ranges than the VHF and UHF bearers normally associated with SNR, but at substantially reduced data rates


It introduces the characters of CFRP-circular steel pipe concrete and the necessity of researching its share function,analyses and puts forward the experiment parameter-experiment equipment and progress to CFRP-circular steel pipe concrete component,and prepares the CFRP-circular steel pipe concrete component share experiment.


The utility model provides an automatic oxygen supply device of an underground escape capsule, and the automatic oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen source, a straight through ball valve, a filter, a pressure reducing valve, two mass/flow controllers, an air outlet, an oxygen concentration sensor, a program controller and a power supply. The oxygen source, the straight through ball valve, the filter, the pressure reducing valve, the mass/flow controllers and the air outlet are sequentially connected through a connecting pipeline, and the mass/flow controllers and the oxygen concentration sensor are connected with the program controller. Two mass/flow controllers are adopted and are arranged in parallel. The device also comprises a rotameter. Due to the matching of the mass/flow controllers, the oxygen concentration sensor and the program controller, the automatic control of the oxygen concentration in the underground escape capsule can be realized. With the rotameter, the oxygen concentration in the underground escape capsule can be adjusted manually. The automatic oxygen supply device has a simple structure and can be used safely and conveniently, the automatic, sequential and efficient oxygen supply can be realized, and the device can be operated rapidly and conveniently.


ABSTRACTThis contribution analyses how citizen sensing initiatives can contribute to or, contrarily, hinder the governance of certain or uncertain public health risks. It draws on the example of th...


The abnormal connection between pulmonary arterial and venous circulation is known as Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation (PAVM). It was first described by Churton in 1897. The presentation varies from incidental findings to shortness of breath, haemoptysis, chest pain, syncope and cyanosis. Patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia are prone to develop PAVM. PAVMs are quite rare, the frequency ranges from 2-3 per 1,00,000 population. Treatment options include surgical intervention and embolisation, the former is now used seldom. The surgical intervention is more invasive than the percutaneous intervention procedure also known as embolotherapy or embolisation. In the present case, authors encountered a rare case of a 30-year- old male presented with giant PAVM with 13 mm diameter (60.65×35.32 mm in dimensions), where patient presented with fever since two months and vomiting. Considering his symptoms, he was initially suspected as Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) positive. However, his Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test was reported negative. It was decided to treat him with vascular plug embolisation. A 16 mm Ampletzer vascular plug II was deployed in such a way that it does not occlude the lower branches of Left Pulmonary Artery (LPA). After deploying the vascular plug, the patient was stable and tolerated the procedure well. He was discharged after two days of observation considering his haemodynamic stability.


This paper analyzes on the present situation of Chinese periodical work,points out that the periodical work must adapt to the development of the modern library,and probes into strategic countermeasures for the periodical work in the 21st century.


Major General Smith draws upon his experience as Commander 1st British Armoured Division in Operation GRANBY to highlight the challenges to be met and the lessons to be learned from the planning and execution of a demanding, fast‐moving, highly successful contribution to the Coalition land campaign.


In order to analyze the effects of different catalyst combinations and temperatures on ethanol conversion and C4 olefin selectivity, BP neural network was trained to predict ethanol conversion and C4 olefin selectivity. Then, using the control variable method, the ethanol conversion and C4 olefin selectivity were predicted by neural network. Finally, the xgboost model is trained according to the data, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the xgboost parameters in the training process, so that the prediction accuracy is improved from 65.97% to 93.75%, and the prediction accuracy is improved by 27.28%. Using the trained xgboost model to input the combination of different characteristic indexes, the final result is more than 350 degrees, and the optimal C4 olefin yield is 27.823%. The final result is that the yield of C4 olefin is 177.252%.


This paper deals with an efficient relaying method that guarantees a high data rate in a multi-antenna based wireless communication system. In order to solve the data rate reduction problem that occurs during signal relay using a half-duplex relay node in a wireless communication system, a relaying method using the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) signal detection is proposed. The proposed method considers the space time block code (STBC) based two-way relay technique to improve a data rate. At this time, the inter relay interference (IRI) is generated between each relay nodes. The IRI component can be removed using the MIMO signal detection method based on channel alignment. Using the computer simulation, it is demonstrated that the throughput performance of the proposed method is improved compared to the conventional method.


Seven novel heterometallic coordination polymers [CeAg(Hbidc)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] (1) and [LnAg(Hbidc)(2)]·3(H(2)O)[Ln = Sm (2), Gd (3), Tb (4), Dy (5), Ho (6), Er (7), H(3)bidc = 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid] have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, TG analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-Ray analysis revealed that the seven complexes present two different types of three-dimensional (3D) structures. Complex 1 crystallized in an orthorhombic manner having a Pna2(1) space group, consisting of a 3D framework with a 1D heterometallic chain. Polymers 2-7 are isostructural and crystallized in an orthorhombic fashion having a Pccn space group existing of a two-fold interpenetrating 3D framework. The luminescence properties and the magnetic properties of all polymers were investigated.


The strain amplitude‐dependent dislocation damping of pure (∼5 ppm interstitials) tungsten samples has been measured as a function of temperature from −190° to +100°C. The data cannot be interpreted in terms of the sample thermally activated breakaway theory of Friedel. The data gives the wrong stress dependence and unreasonably low activation energies.


It is highly probable (though this is not a statement based on research), that most midwives if offered a higher salary would accept the offer. If that is the main reason behind the Prime Minister's recent statement about the introduction of consultant nurses and it applies to midwives, then there could be a high take up. The purpose of this article is to consider the legal implications of the role of the consultant midwife.


Many optimization techniques have been invented to mask the slow mechanical nature of storage devices, most importantly disks. Data on the effectiveness of these techniques for real workloads, however, are either lacking or are not comparable. Disk technology has also improved steadily in multiple ways but it is difficult to relate the various physical improvements to the actual performance experienced by real workloads. In this paper, we use an assortment of real server and personal computer workloads to systematically analyze the various optimization techniques and technology improvements to determine their true performance impact. The techniques we study include read caching, sequential prefetching, opportunistic prefetching, write buffering, request scheduling, striping and short-stroking. We also break down the steady improvement in disk technology into four major basic effects – faster seeks, higher RPM, linear density improvement and increase in track density – and analyze each separately to determine its actual benefit. In addition, we examine the historical rates of improvement and use the trends to project the effect of disk technology scaling. As part of this study, we develop a methodology for replaying real workloads that more accurately models the timing of I/O arrivals and that allows the I/O rate to be more realistically scaled than previous practice. Our results show that sequential prefetching and write buffering are the two most effective techniques for improving performance, reducing the average read and write response time by about 50% and 90% respectively. For our workloads, improvement in the mechaniFunding for this research has been provided by the State of California under the MICRO program, and by AT&T Laboratories, Cisco Corporation, Fujitsu Microelectronics, IBM, Intel Corporation, Maxtor Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Sun Microsystems, Toshiba Corporation and Veritas Software Corporation. cal components of the disk reduces the average response time by 8% per year. Most of this improvement results from increases in the rotational speed rather than reduction in the seek time. In addition, we discover that increases in the recording density of the disk can achieve an equally sizeable improvement in real performance, with most of the gain coming from linear density improvement, which increases the transfer rate, rather than track density scaling. For a given workload, disk technology evolution at the historical rates can be expected to increase performance by about 8% per year if the disk occupancy rate is kept constant. We also observe that the disk is spending most of its time positioning the head rather than transferring data. We believe that to effectively utilize the available disk bandwidth, blocks should be reorganized in such a way that accesses become more sequential.


Penetration tests were performed as part of the French Vibratory Pile-Driving Project. In the same time, the simplified prediction software BRAXUUS has been developed within the project scope. This software needs the knowledge of the soil-pile interaction laws. Relations are established between the static cone resistance and the interaction parameters deduced from the measured accelerations and stresses at the top and at the toe of the pile. It is shown in this paper that the elastoplastic laws obtained for the site of Montoir can be used for other sandy sites like Zeebrugge and Loon-Plage. On the other hand, the viscoelastic laws developed for the site of Merville can be used for other clayey sites like Limelette.


An important aspect of montane bird ecology is that most species have limited elevational distribution. We have a very poor understanding however, of the mechanisms that drive this limited elevational distribution in birds. In my dissertation, I investigated hypobaric hypoxia, interspecific competition and habitat loss as drivers of distribution in montane birds in the Himalayas. The first chapter is an introduction to the topic of elevational distribution in birds and the motivation behind the following chapters. In the second chapter we show that annual elevational movement patterns of Himalayan birds predict their strategy to cope with hypobaric hypoxia. We demonstrate that while elevational migrants increase hemoglobin concentration by increasing the volume of erythrocytes in their blood, sedentary high-elevation residents increase hemoglobin concentration by increasing mean cellular hemoglobin concentration in a comparative study of 15 passerine species. In the third chapter, I used song playback and feeder experiments to test the role of interspecific competition in driving the elevational distribution of green-backed and cinereous tits in the western Himalayas. I show that although green-backed tits are behaviorally dominant over cinereous tits, cinereous tits live at high elevations by occupying habitats vacated by green-backed tits. In the fourth chapter, I used the results from the behavioral experiments to predict the spatial distribution of cinereous and green-backed tits in a landscape. Using occupancy modeling, we show that green-backed tits are dependent on forests for breeding sites at their elevational lower distributional limit and might be adversely affected by habitat loss. Cinereous tits, a common low elevation species on the other hand, occupy human-modified habitats and are likely expanding their elevational range upslope due to anthropogenic habitat modifications. In the fifth chapter, we undertook the first population ecology study on the green-backed tit in the Himalayas. Using a genetic blind test, we show that green-backed tit males have broader breast stripes than females. We also show that males and females have different beak shapes in winter but there is no significant difference in beak shape in summer due to male beaks becoming shorter.


The cyclic variations of reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion are studied in this work via experiments conducted in an in-house diesel-methanol dual-fuel (DMDF) engine at multiple simulated elevations. The test engine is maintained at 1800 rpm, with simulated elevations of 10, 700, and 1670 m. Engine load, methanol substitution percent, and injection parameters are varied to investigate their effects on cyclic variations at Multiple elevations. We employ in-cylinder pressure parameters, such as the maximum pressure (Pmax) and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), to quantify cyclic variations. According to the results, the stability of DMDF combustion in plateau conditions displays a similar trend to that in plain conditions. However, with the increase in elevation, there is a significant increase in the Pmax coefficient of variation(COVPmax), while that of the IMEP (COVIMEP) shows an opposite trend. The distribution of crank angle at high elevations corresponding to Pmax tends to be more concentrated, and the increase in pilot injections reduces the COVPmax in the plateau environment. At all elevations, there is no effect of injection timing on COVIMEP, while COVPmax is more sensitive to injection timing (range from 10°CA BTDC ~3°CA BTDC). Compared with other injection parameters, the cyclic variations caused by injection pressure(range from 92MPa ~112MPa) are relatively minor.


This paper studies the implications of fi sh search activities on the working of fisheries. We develop a simple shery matching model in which rms' stochastic search for sh requires speci fic resources. The equilibrium level of anthropic pressure (number of empty ves- sels/conserved sh stock) exerted by rms on the sh stock is derived from their individual pro t maximizing behavior. Anthropic pressure determines in turn the rate at which vessels fi nd fi sh i.e. catchability, which is therefore endogenous in our model, and the stock conserva- tion (uncaught sh) rate, through the dynamic equation of the latter. We then show that under open access, equilibrium anthropic pressure, fishing effort and the conservation rate heavily depend on search costs. An empirical study of the French Guiana shrimp shery con rms the ability of the model to reproduce empirical data.


We describe a Bragg grating with a phase shift section and a sampled grating scheme that converts input polarization to orthogonal polarization. A very narrow polarization-independent wavelength peak can be generated by phase shift structures and polarization-independent multiple diffraction peaks by sampled gratings. The characteristics of the device were examined by transfer matrix and finite-difference time-domain methods.


Mixtures of cocoa butter with different replacers, added at different levels, were prepared. From their properties, and particularly solid fat index, helped much in selecting the more suitable mixture for local chocolate production. It was found that cocoa butter-Illexao mixtures, at levels 10% and 15% replacer, gave more satisfactory results with respect to mouthfeel, hardness and brittleness.


BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE NARRATIVE OF THE VITA OF THE PATRIARCH BENJAMIN OF ALEXANDRIA (622-661), RESEARCH TO (RE)CREATION OF SPATIALITY AND INTERACTIONS OF THE COPTIC ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE PERIOD IN WHICH THE NILE VALLEY WENT THROUGH MAJOR POLITICAL TRANSITION THAT MARKED THE END OF ROMAN EGYPT AND THE RISE OF ISLAMIC EGYPT. TO THIS END, STAND OUT ESPECIALLY THE HIEROPHANIES THAT ARE PRESENT IN THIS WRITING, CONTAINED IN HISTORY OF THE PATRIARCHS OF THE COPTIC CHURCH OF ALEXANDRIA, TEXT THAT CONTAINS THE OFFICIAL MEMORY OF THE INDIGENOUS EGYPTIAN CHRISTIANITY.


Nasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor with high recurrence rates. Evidence of inflammation has been reported in IP in Caucasian studies. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological patterns and their associations with clinical characteristics in Chinese patients with IP.


Traditionally, records are kept by sustaining the context in which they were made (respecting original order and provenance). This is seen as an essential requirement for maintaining their evidential value. Methodologically, this has required that we ensure the persistence of arrangement (recordkeeping processes) and a description of the transactional framework (business processes). Listing or inventorying has become central to this methodology because the relationships thus preserved are contingent, not logical. It follows that they cannot be set out prospectively and incorporated into the design of an archiving system. Rather, they must be documented retrospectively as or after they happen as descriptions of the implementation of those processes. In this concluding part of the article, the question posed is this: Can we abandon our traditional concern with ensuring the persistence of recordkeeping and business processes and still keep records?


We study an $N$-player and a mean field exponential utility game. Each player manages two stocks; one is driven by an individual shock and the other is driven by a common shock. Moreover, each player is concerned not only with her own terminal wealth but also with the relative performance of her competitors. We use the probabilistic approach to study these two games. We show the unique equilibrium of the $N$-player game and the mean field game can be characterized by a novel multi-dimensional FBSDE with quadratic growth and a novel mean-field FBSDEs, respectively. The well-posedness result and the convergence result are established.


We assumed the editorship of RTE in 2003. In March of that year, George W. Bush invaded Iraq with the idea of changing the direction of that country toward democratic and peaceful existence in the Middle East. In the same year, on the technology front, the social media start-up MySpace was introduced to the Web, to become at that time the leading social media website worldwide. As well, Apple introduced easily accessible music media via iTunes to anyone who had access to a computer and a modem. In the domain of education, the federal No Child LeftBehind Act (NCLB), whose aim was to enact measurable, standards-based reform in grades K-12, chugged along in its third year, not without political and professional controversy.The wake of these events encompasses everything from irony and disappointment to hope-albeit challenge-ridden-for a better future for our children. Continuing social and political unrest, not only in the Middle East but also in many other parts of the world, is creating a kind of new normal, along with massive social and cultural displacement that challenges our educational system, not to mention our worldview. MySpace has risen and fallen, but Web-based social media have become the sine qua non of youth culture and broader globalization, infiltrating classrooms and teaching, though with varying degrees of success. The idea of creating as well as consuming multiple cultural experiences (which include but are not limited to Web-based music) is the taken-for-granted way of the world for many, creating permeable boundaries across social lines but also shaping new social divides. And new educational reform in the form of the Common Core State Standards has come to dominate standards and testing around K-12 teaching, affecting curriculum and instruction in "core" school subjects in most states, not without perplexities, while leaving NCLB somewhat behind in the reform conversation.While this glimpse of events in 2003 and what has ensued is, admittedly, selective, we think that we've pinpointed key national and global currents that continue to evolve in the present time and that touch on the work of English/language arts and language and literacy educators. They touched us during our five years as RTE editors, and they touched the authors and readers we had the pleasure to encounter during our RTE tenure. They reflect and shape a number of phenomena: ever-new and surging cultural, social, and language diversities in our classrooms; technology's mark on language and literacy, along with its benefits and constraints; the sometimes heavy hand of politics and policy on the day-to-day workings of the classroom; and, in sum, what it is that we're supposed to teach and know as part of our English/language arts calling. It isn't surprising that, throughout our years of editing RTE, we increasingly felt the need to better understand how and what to think about English, about language and literacy, about students and teachers, and about teaching and learning in the midst of rapid social and cultural changes. The question of how better to conceptualize these issues took a major place in our editors' introductions in every RTE from 2003 to 2008.We had five exciting years at the helm of RTE, learning much from our editorial predecessors, all esteemed in our field, including our immediate predecessors Peter Smagorinsky and Michael Smith. We tried to build on their strengths while also sensing and responding to the needs of a field that was growing not just in numbers of practitioners but also conceptually and methodologically. As we read and reviewed the manuscripts that were submitted to us from across the country and around the world, we witnessed in particular, and not surprisingly, an increasing concern for and emphasis on society and culture as they impinge on issues of English and language arts. This concern encompassed the ways in which social and cultural values and norms both shape and maintain classroom practices; teacher and student beliefs and identities; policy decisions; what counts as learning, teaching, and assessment of reading and writing; and what counts as reading and writing themselves in current times. …


Global warming poses a major threat to our civilization that has led to unsustainable development worldwide. Though there are different strategies for global warming mitigation, carbon sequestration in water column via microalgae is the eco-friendly, cost effective and sustainable tool to capture and utilize carbon in a beneficial way. Microalgae, Chlorella sp . was cultured in ex situ using (a) standard basal medium as control, (b) culture medium aerated, (c) exogenously introduced liquid carbon dioxide into the culture medium. The growth of Chlorella was also examined under different pH (4 - 11) of the culture medium as well as in various dilutions (0, 25, 50%) of effluents of a Brewery under autoclaved and non- autoclaved conditions. There was no marked difference in growth of Chlorella sp. between 0 - 166 hours and between 218 - 272 hours either, but significant difference (P < 0.05) in growth was clearly discernable during the peak period among the treatments. Exogenously introduced CO 2 or aeration of the culture medium did not significantly improve the growth over basal medium suggesting that optimal conditions of carbon or oxygen have prevailed in the basal medium of culture. There was a sharp dichotomy of pH effects on the growth of Chlorella as growth was distinctly higher at pH 8 to 11 compared to the remaining pH (4 - 6) showing no significant differences (P > 0.05) among themselves. Chlorella sp . grown in brewery effluent showed the maximum growth in 50% and 25% dilution of non autoclaved and autoclaved effluent of beverage factory respectively suggesting that autoclaving saved 25% of bacteria driven nutrient demand.


Three functional blocks of the PRIME and PLC G3 technologies (encoder/decoder, interleaver, and modulator) are studied in detail, for a PLC channel with narrow-band interference (NBI). The study reveals that these three blocks can be used together effectively so as to improve the performance of the overall system in the presence of NBI. We therefore present effective methods for combating NBI in PRIME and PLC G3, based on these three functional blocks.


Based on the actual work of the researcher,with the requirement of different users,the system of Students' evaluation of teaching is developed through using Java,JavaScript,SQL-Server technology based on Web.This paper introduces function,architecture and design of the system.The outcome of the survey can be counted,analyzed,displayed and printed.Test shows the system have a good operational nature.The comprehensive evaluation of the teaching quality by students can be achieved online.


Considering the discussion on the impossibility of the constitution of a truly tragic hero in the dramaturgy from Modernism onwards, raised by thinkers such as Peter Szondi and Walter Benjamin, this study aims to investigate what may have survived of this hero in the tragic character of the present time. In order to do so, we have identified some historical transformations suffered by the tragic hero and, based on this information and on the ideas of contemporary theorists such as Jean-Pierre Sarrazac and Anatol Rosenfeld, we intend to identify reminiscences and estrangements of this character in the drama O dia em que Sam morreu, by Mauricio Arruda Mendonca and Paulo de Moraes.


Summary: In the globalising world, similar phenomena are spreading in the world economy, politics, demography, social life and culture, regardless of the geographical context and the level of economic development of a given region. There are disputes over economic, political or social background that concern citizens of different countries. Also the mediation procedure is popularized, which facilitates the diffusion of a new approach to conflicts. The subject of this article is to present a contemporary image of mediation, with particular emphasis on cross-border mediation, as well as their history and indication of the most-important functions in societies and their potentially high significance in the future. The main purpose of the article is to present cross-border mediation as the best way to resolve conflicts between representatives of different countries, nations, cultures, etc., as well as to draw attention to the barriers related to their application.


This paper introduces a new nano indentaton instrument, which is called mechanical properties microprobe of materials. By means of indenter's load and depth (displacement) sensing techniques the mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus can be measured. The order of magnitude in nano meter and nano Newton allows us to test materials, particularly the thin films within the elastic limits of them. That overcomes the shortcomings of vague or crushed indentation's boundary resulted from the traditional measurement methods, e.g. Vicker, Knoop test and so on, therefore that ensures correctness, reliability and reproducibility of the tests. Hardness and modulus of diamond like carbon (DLC) hard films with brittleness are successfully measured and analyzed by the nano indentation instrument.


In Riemannian geometry the autoparallels associated with the affine connexion coincide with the geodesies which arise from the metric. This is not the case in a modification of Riemannian geometry suggested by Lyra. A sufficient condition that the two classes of curves coincide is obtained.


The interference and collision detection problem among objects is widely studied in graphics, simulation, animation and virtual reality technologic. In this paper, we proceed from the main solution for collision detection, analyzed from graphic space, bounding volume hierarchies (BVH), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and parallel algorithm, summarized the research situation about collision detection in recent years. At last, we give several suggestions to improve the efficiency and reliability of the collision detection algorithm.


The prognosis of a patient newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important to the patient, the family, and health planners. This community-based study examined factors associated with early mortality in patients with probable AD.

Researchers …


Mesoscale (i. e. larger than microscopic but smaller than th e system size) turbulent fluctuations of high density, often referred to as "blobs", may be a part of the explanation of the intermittent transport observed in the scrape-off layer (S OL) of many fusion experiments. The understanding of those mesoscale events has improved a lot o ver the recent years [1]. However, the details about the generation and the precise relevance f or the SOL transport remain still unknown. Fast cameras are gaining more and more importance i n studies of those events, since they can observe a large area of the plasma simultaneously, i deally without the need to disturb the plasma. However, the fact that they integrate the light s ignal along the line of sight makes the interpretation of the data more challenging. Yet it was p o sible to localize the turbulent fluctuations visible in the image data in the physical coordi nates of TJ-K.


: A quasi experimental approach was adopted in this study using two group non equivalent control group design. The population of the study consisted of 40 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and no other complications admitted in Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, Mission Hospital, Dolphin Hospital, Lifeline Hospital and Gokuldas Hospital assigned to experimental and control group 20 each. The study was intended to assess the effectiveness of phototherapy in reducing serum bilirubin level with the use of white reflecting curtains hanged on the sides of the unit for two days. The investigation was started as soon as the neonates get admitted in NICU for phototherapy with physiologic jaundice. Observation of neonate was done for two days. After introducing the intervention neonate was assessed for other parameters. The key variable was early reduction in serum bilirubin level with a self structured tool. The mean post TSB level in experimental group was 13.7 mg/dl and in control group the mean pre TSB level was 10.89 mg/dl on day 2. The 't' value shows that they are highly statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Mean absolute fall in TSB level in experimental group was 6.01 mg/dl and in control group the mean absolute fall in TSB level was 3.07 mg/dl and 't' (5.22) value showed that there was significant difference in post mean TSB level between experimental and control group.


Fasciola gigantica cathepsin (cysteine) proteases are potential diagnostic antigens for animal and human fasciolosis. These include cathepsin-L proteases that have been exploited in the diagnosis of animal fasciolosis. However, no scientific data on the diagnostic potential of F. gigantica cathepsin B proteases is available. Therefore, three recombinant antigens of F. gigantica viz. cathepsin (cat) B-1, cat B-2 and cat B-3 were expressed in prokaryotic expression system. The recombinant antigens were purified under denaturing conditions by Nickel affinity chromatography and an optimal level of the recombinant proteins was obtained. These recombinant proteins will further be evaluated for their potential in the early prepatent diagnosis of F. gigantica infection in domestic ruminants.


Vegetative nuclear division in the Chalara state of Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Trichothecium roseum, and Cladobotryum variospermum was studied by standard staining techniques. In T. paradoxa the chromatinic material and nucleolus divide by elongation and constriction comparable to that observed in phycomycetes. The spindle, if any exists, must be intranuclear and not discernible by light microscopy. In T. roseum and C. variospermum successive stages of mitosis accompanied by thin spindles were observed. A deeply staining lateral granule or 'centriole equivalent' is seen at the perinuclear area during interphase. Metaphase and anaphase configurations peculiar to ascomycetous nuclei are observed in T. roseum and C. variospermum.


Both ecological field studies and attempts to extrapolate from laboratory experiments to natural populations generally encounter the high degree of natural variability and chaotic behavior that typify natural ecosystems. Regardless of this variability and non-normal distribution, most statistical models of natural systems use normal error which assumes independence between the variance and mean. However, environmental data are often random or clustered and are better described by probability distributions which have more realistic variance to mean relationships. Until recently statistical software packages modeled only with normal error and researchers had to assume approximate normality on the original or transformed scale of measurement and had to live with the consequences of often incorrectly assuming independence between the variance and mean. Recent developments in statistical software allow researchers to use generalized linear models (GLMs) and analysis can now proceed with probability distributio...


In the overlapping areas of neuroscience, psychology and marketing, neuromarketing exists. From the literature surveys on these domains, a conceptual model is developed to elucidate the neuroscientific and psychological intersection of consumer behavior. Classic experiments where brain mapping technologies are used to interpret the brain science behind consumers' response to various marketing stimuli are reviewed. This young science enables precise understanding of consumer mindset thereby maximizing returns on marketing investments. Evidences from this paper can facilitate comprehensive understanding and empirical studies on neural and psychological correlates of marketing activities.


The authors have recently presented experimental results of applying machine learning algorithms, used extensively in human automatic speech recognition research (ASR), to automatic species identification of echolocating bats [Skowronski and Harris, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2639 (2004)]. The results of those experiments demonstrated that frame‐based classification, preferred in ASR, out‐performs holistic classification typically employed in automatic echolocating species identification. The authors have extended the paradigm of machine learning algorithms to the related problem of bat call detection. A robust automatic bat call detection algorithm, to replace hand labeling, is required for two reasons: (1) for real‐time species identification in the field, and (2) because hand labeling is subjective, tedious, slow, and error‐prone. The current experiments compare various frame‐based features (log energy, pitch estimates, pitch slopes) with several models of detection (matched filters, Gaussian mixtures, d...


Soils are a finite resource paramount to delivering environmental goods that are inextricably linked to Sustainable Development Goals and vital for human well-being. Yet soils, particularly in tropical zones, are being degraded and thus the soil ecosystem services (SES) they deliver are being impaired. Considering Brazil as a case study, we developed a soil-centric ecosystem services approach that may be used to translate and communicate the importance of soils to a range of stakeholders. We propose a plan of action, focused on a communication strategy, which includes dissemination of soil monetary and non-monetary values, and we outline steps that should be incorporated by a range of stakeholders to ensure that soils are understood as pivotal resources to be protected for current and future generations. We call on the international research community, especially in tropical countries, to seize the opportunity to embrace and disseminate this soil-centric approach and to arrest the continuous over-exploitation of soil resources.


Abstract : Recognizing the potential to be gained in command and control (C2) systems from knowledge based systems (KES) and related techniques, the Admiralty Research Establishment (ARE) set up the Technology Demonstrator Programme (TDP) and the associated Technology Demonstrator System (TDS). This work is addressing many of the practical and immediate problems associated with the application of KBS to Data Fusion in the context of naval C2. The ARE programme includes sea trials and supporting research as well as prototypes, theoretical studies and experiments aimed at establishing a wide capability in KBS-based C2. Many of the functional characteristics and technical problems associated with Naval C2 are similar to those in other large and complex military applications. In particular it was realised that there was significant commonality with the Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI)fFheatre Missile Defence (TMD) scenario. As a result a joint approach to research in KES technology was agreed between ARE and the SDIO/SDIPO. A major part of this approach is a programme extending over a total of four years. The programme will link to the current ARE research activities and consists of a study followed by a number of research projects to be undertaken by ARE and UK industry and universities.


The speech acts of the practice teachers, the main force of future development of teaching career, deserves attention. From the perspective of ecological education, the practice teachers in primary English class can construct conception of life discourse, activate classroom discourse content, and conform to the students' cognitive styles to enhance the relevant feedback behavior, in order to improve the effectiveness of their speech acts, optimize their speech acts in English ecological classroom teaching and lay the foundation for the teachers' professional development in the future.


Using the theoretical discussion on the epic in the Poetics,based on necessary law of plot and character,Iliad can be interpreted from"Homerg epics".The necessary law between plot and character can be analyzed from the text and from"the head","the body",and"the tail"of Iliad.


This paper presents an empirical test of a tool that was developed to measure travellers' satisfaction with travel: the satisfaction with travel scale (STS). STS measures travel satisfaction in terms of two affective (positive activation and positive deactivation) and one cognitive component. The STS was applied in the Netherlands in a survey held amongst car users. The results reported in this paper suggest that the reliability of the measurement scales is satisfactory to good, and also that the underlying constructs of STS (positive activation, positive deactivation and cognitive evaluation) are correlated, and are therefore likely to be indicative of an overarching concept of travel satisfaction. Regression analyses carried out with the three STS constructs suggest that various variables influence STS, such as experienced safety, being annoyed by other road users, the trip being tiring, being distracted by billboards and autonomy to choose speed and lane. In addition travel purpose and personal characteristics may play a role. Overall, the findings suggest that travellers' reported satisfaction varies with changes in travel conditions in an intuitively and theoretically plausible way, providing support for the validity of the STS as a tool to measure satisfaction with travel.


THIS PAPER DESCRIBES METHODS USED IN CONDUCTING A TYPICAL PARKING STUDY OF A CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT AND POINTS OUT THE SHORTCOMINGS OF TRADITIONAL METHODS USED TO ASSIGN AND LOCATE FUTURE PARKING DEMAND. IT OUTLINES A METHOD DEVELOPED IN A RECENT PARKING STUDY OF THE SEATTLE CBD WHEREIN A COMPUTER MODEL WAS CALIBRATED TO FIT THE ACTUAL FIELD CONDITIONS OF PARKING DEMAND AND SUPPLY LOCATION. THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS USED TO CALIBRATE THE MODEL WERE PARKING COST AND WALKING DISTANCE, WHICH WERE DETERMINED BY EXTENSIVE FIELD SURVEYS. THE USE OF THE COMPUTER MODEL ELIMINATES THE NEED TO MANUALLY ADJUST OR BALANCE PARKING DEMAND AGAINST SUPPLY ON A BLOCK-BY-BLOCK BASIS IN THE DETERMINATION OF LOCATIONS FOR FUTURE PARKING FACILITIES. THE MODEL CAN ALSO BE MODIFIED TO TEST VARIOUS SCHEMES IN THE PLANNING OF PARKING PROGRAMS AS WELL AS ALTERNATE MODES OF TRANSPORTATION. TO THE AUTHORS' KNOWLEDGE, THE COMPUTER MODEL DEVELOPED IN THE SEATTLE STUDY IS UNIQUE IN THAT THIS METHOD HAS NOT BEEN USED AND TESTED HERETOFORE IN A LARGE METROPOLITAN AREA. /AUTHOR/


Recent papers have shown that theoretically tax authorities can not only reduce tax evasion but also boost output in oligopolies by conditioning the audit effort spent on a firm on all firms' tax returns in an industry. In this paper we revisit these results and extend the class of relative audit rules with this property by including discontinuous rules. Field experiments testing the theory predictions would require randomizing audit rules across many otherwise identical industries and are therefore impractical. Instead we conduct laboratory tests of the theoretical mechanisms of a variety of rules. We find that both dividends of relative auditing, i.e. less evasion and higher output, materialize in the laboratory. The behavioral mechanism generating the higher output differs somewhat from the one propagated by theory though.


The congeneric approach assesses the relative role of exotic invasive compared to native plants on associated species. However, most studies on seed germination were conducted in Petri-dishes that ...


Abstract Constructing scientific explanations of natural phenomena is an important aim of science education. Explanation oriented science teaching approaches encourage learners to engage in sense-making discussions and construct the causal accounts of the phenomena under study. This article demonstrates a lesson-design model that guides biology teachers on how to integrate explanation oriented teaching in their everyday practice. The proposed model includes six phases: (1) presenting a hooking activity; (2) formulating a how-why type focus question; (3) constructing the initial causal story; (4) using authentic data, scientific facts, principles, and disciplinary core ideas to revise-refine the causal story; (5) discussing-rewriting the refined causal story; (6) applying the causal-mechanistic knowledge in a new context or problem scenario. An eleventh-grade lesson on the topic 'protein biosynthesis in cells' serves an example about how this model can be operationalized to design and implement explanation oriented biology lessons.


The problem of nding eeective fast indicators of long-term stability for single particle betatronic motion in hadron accelerators is considered. Two indicators are analysed: the maximal Lyapunov exponent and the variation of the instantaneous tune. An automatic procedure to select stable from unstable particles is proposed. The guess of the dynamic aperture provided by these fast indicators is checked against long-term tracking for the 4D H enon map and for a simpliied version of the SPS lattice used for experiments. Both indicators prove to be very eeective to determine long-term stability with a limited number of turns.