Antidepressant drug development first began in the mid-twentieth century with the discovery of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. Soon after, additional molecular targets and drug entities were created, eventually leading to the development of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Today, antidepressants now rank among the top 10 most commonly used medications in the United States (US) and account for over $11 billion in annual sales. To help ensure the safety and efficacy of these commonly used products, in 1977 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created guidelines to standardize antidepressant studies and the approval process. Although many of the recommendations outlined by FDA are still relevant, the document remains vague when describing key aspects of antidepressant trial design and much of the clinical information is outdated by today's standards. This paper will provide a general overview of the FDA-approval process, summarize FDA's position related to antidepress...


Young children seem to overextend a 'seeing = knowing rule' so that they neglect to notice that people gain knowledge from inferring as well as from seeing. Yet that cannot be a sufficient explanation of children's problems with conceptualizing knowledge, because rule underextension occurs in children's claims to know something that they have not seen (nor inferred). The two errors were studied together with pairs of children aged 4 and 5 years. Each child had their own box, items on the table were shared out into the boxes, and either both children, or neither, or one of them, looked in their own box. Children were asked if they and the other knew what was in each other's box; and were asked for explanations and predictions. About a quarter of the children showed full competence. In others, overextension and underextension occurred; yet almost all children explained that inference was involved in knowing, without bias towards giving such explanation more for self than for other. Error patterns were not predictable from a test for understanding the term 'know'. It is suggested that children have a framework conception of 'knowing' in which another's mind is treated as similar to own mind, but problems arise in implementing that insight before children manage to conceptualize constraints on knowledge.


【Objective】Researching the clinical evaluation of mAlb in hypertension and type 2 diabetes with early nephropathy.【Methods】Select 84 cases of patients with hypertension,type 2 diabetes,or both combined.Randomly select 60 cases of healthy persons as the control group.All patients were measured blood glucose,mAlb,BUN,and Cr.【Results】The mAlb of control group was lower than all patients and the patients without nephropathy,the results were statistically significant(P 0.05).The renal functional parameters of all patients and patients without nephropathy were much higher than those of control group,the different was statistically significant(P 0.05).【Conclusion】Micro albuminuria has an important value in early nephropathy diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and hypertension.


It is one thing to draw up regulations for international trade, and yet another to apply them; but it is also a completely different thing to explain them fairly in a report for the contracting parties….1


The paper evaluates the 1993 child tax benefit reforms using the Social Policy Simulation Model and Database (SPSD/M) developed by Statistics Canada. The paper argues that few of the benefits of the reform went to the poorest families. Instead, because of the interaction of the tax and benefit system, the greatest net beneficiaries were lower-middle income families in the $40,000 to $50,000 income range. The paper also evaluates the effectiveness of the earned income supplement in increasing incentives to participate in the labour market. It argues that, because of tax back provisions, the earned income supplement results, on average, in an increase in marginal tax rates for Canadian families. Moreover, even when the earned income supplement decreases marginal tax rates, it will have only the most minimal effects on labour force participation.


This study extends previous research by investigating the issue of which measure of job performance plays a substantial role in influencing any effectiveness outcome. Little research has examined the relationship between job performance and effectiveness. Four items for task performance, five items for contextual performance and three items for effectiveness (productivity and quality and innovation) were used for assessing employee performance. A total of 600 employees in the company participated in this study. The result shows that two items 'attention to important details and creativity to solve a work problem', were the most effectual items to contribute to productivity, quality, and innovation, respectively. Education level and job experience had more effect on effectiveness. Job performance measures used in the company have different effects on each of the effectiveness indicators. The result of this study shows that training programmes in purpose of enhancing employee effectiveness in the hard workers jobs at the industry should focus on attention to important details and creativity to solve a work problem.


The hot,grinding wastewater from medium density fiberboard(MDF) production contains high concentrated toxic oranic maters. It is not fit for biochemical treatment even after pretreatment of micro-electrolysis. Fentons reagent method was employed to improve the former micro-electrolysis treatment by means of jar test. Optimal parameters of the Fenton process were determined as 0.05-0.10 of [Fe2+]/[H2O2] with 1 h reaction time. When Fenton treated effluent was controlled at pH 8.5,the sedimentation process further removed pollutants,and the chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentration of the former micro-electrolysis treatment effluent was reduced from 14 000 mgL-1 to about 3 500 mgL-1 . GC-MS analysis indicated that the combined process of micro-electrolysis and Fenton oxidation broke almost all of the monocyclic terpene bonds in the wastewater,oxidizing them to esters,alcohols,and ketones with a lower carbon number. However,for double ring terpense the combined process only broke some of the bonds. These obtained results evidenced the efficiency of the combined process to the hot,grinding wastewater pretreatment and should contribute to further studies of MDF wastewater treatment.[Ch,5 fig. 1 tab. 13 ref.]


Rape disproportionately affects women and men between the ages of 12 and 24. Using data obtained from the National Longitudinal Youth Survey (ENAJUV, 2010), this study aims to present the prevalence and factors associated with rape among these populations. The results indicated that 2.9 percent of sexually initiated youth and young adults between the ages of 12 to 29 reported having been forced to engage in sexual intercourse at least once in their lives. The multivariate analysis indicates that rape among young adults, but particularly among youth is shaped by social inequalities of gender, generation, ethnic-race affiliation (for example) which structure individual-level experiences, cultural representations, rape scripts and state and institutional responses. These findings are discussed within the context of the social construction of accessible gendered bodies and sexuality in the Mexican context, and within the framework of rape supportive culture and normative heterosexuality prevailing in this country.


In a "Perspective" essay published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Nurok et al proposed that surgeons who take call be prohibited from performing elective surgery on postcall days. These authors cite a single reference to support their assertion that "there is an 83% increase in the risk of complications (eg, massive hemorrhage, organ injury, or wound failure) in patients who undergo elective daytime surgical procedures by attending surgeons who had less than a 6-hour opportunity for sleep between procedures during a previous on-call night." The authors use this "83% increase" as a major support of their recommendation that elective procedures by postcall surgeons be increasingly regulated and ideally eliminated. This essay has generated extensive discussion. Representatives of the American College of Surgeons have in essence agreed with the premises of Nurok et al only to disagree somewhat with their recommendations. Pellegrini et al state that surgeons should be trained in evaluating their own level of sleep deprivation. Keune et al propose that sleep deprivation "oversight should be at the institutional level.... If such institutional oversight is not pursued at the level of a surgeon's own department, then it is nearly inevitable that regulation will be imposed upon physicians from outside the surgical community." In this journal, Dr. Hallock reviewed the possibility of postcall elective surgery restrictions from a plastic surgeon's perspective. He noted that, nationally, plastic surgery emergency call is the most difficult specialty for hospitals to cover. Restrictions on elective surgery following on-call nights may well further drive plastic surgeons away from emergency call. What will be worse for patient care: well-trained surgeons who coordinate emergency call with their elective schedules, or elimination of plastic surgery call coverage altogether? The proposals of Nurok and colleagues could have professional implications as profound as residency work hour regulations. Do these proposals address real problems? Nurok and colleagues base their proposals on an assertion that there is an "83% increase" in surgical complications for elective procedures done by surgeons after a night of call when the surgeon has had less than 6 hours of sleep "opportunity." A study by Rothschild et al is cited as the basis for this potentially alarming statistic. In this study, Rothschild and colleagues looked at the complication rates of elective surgery performed by surgeons after night-call duties, and compared these complications with the complications of elective procedures performed by the same surgeons on days when they did not take call the night before. Complications occurred in 5.4% of postcall procedures and 4.9% of procedures that were done on days not preceded by night call. The authors concluded that "procedures performed the day after attending surgeons and obstetrician/gynecologists worked at some point during the night were not associated with significantly increased complication rates compared with control cases that were not preceded by nighttime work." They compared their findings with a previously published study that found no increase in elective cardiac surgery procedural complications following overnight procedures. So, where is the "83% increase in the risk of complications" described by Nurok et al? Deeper within the study by Rothschild et al, the authors performed an analysis of complications following different "sleep time opportunity" categories. Surgeons who could sleep less than 6 hours while on call had a 6.2% rate of complications, while surgeons who slept more than 6 hours while on call had a complication rate of 3.4%, with a significant P value of 0.04 assigned to this breakdown. Subtracting 3.4 from 6.2 equals 2.8, dividing 2.8 by 3.4 and then multiplying by 100 yields 82%. This calculation is as close as I can get to the 83% claimed by Nurok et al. When the complication rate of 6.2% is compared with the 4.9% complication rate of procedures done by surgeons on days with no preceding night call whatsoever, this slender significant finding evaporates. Based on my rudimentary statistical analysis, the 0to 6-hour complication rate is not significantly different than the complication rate of procedures done by surgeons with no preceding night call. If the essay by Nurok et al had been submitted to me for editorial review, I would have rejected it on the grounds that their interpretation of the data from Rothschild and colleagues was misleadingly selective, ultimately statistically insignificant, and irresponsibly sensationalized. Their proposals incorporate the faults of their interpretations of data.


Visualising connectivity and change propagation in complex products is difficult, but nevertheless is a key for successful design. Several stakeholders, such as designers, managers and customers have different viewpoints on the designed artefact and require different information. Multiple views provide a means to visualise complex information and are also a way to fulfil the demands of different user groups. In this paper we introduce the concepts of multiple viewpoints and multiple views in engineering design and show how multiple views are integrated into a software tool for predicting change propagation.


This note is intended to inform country representatives, negotiators, and legal and technical advisers of springboards and roadblocks to an acceptable international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction under UNGA resolution 69/292.


While correlation is the common measure of the benefits of diversification, it is not a good measure. This is for two reasons. First, the benefits of diversification depend not only on the correlations between stock returns but also on the standard deviations of stock returns. Second, correlation does not provide an intuitive measure of the benefits of diversification. Dispersion is a better measure of the benefits of diversification. Dispersion is the standard deviation of the returns of stocks around the mean return of all stocks. We know dispersion as diversifiable risk and as tracking error. We analyzed the returns of the S&P 500 stocks during the years 1980–2004 to show how dispersion measures the benefits of diversification and how to account for dispersion in the assessment of the performance of money managers.


AT the Cassel Hospital for Functional Nervous Disorders the writer had the privilege'lately of meeting the patients socially, and'it seemed to him rather a good opportunity to study the behaviour of the neurotic as an entity of society. There are few hospitals where the patients are entirely of this class; where,indeed, a neurotic society is created; and, as'far as the writer isaware, no study of such a society has been made. It is the very physician who specialises in treatment of functional nervous disorders who has no opportunity of seeing his patients away from the atmosphere of the consulting-room, of noting'how they attempt to combat the difficultie's which they find in the everyday world. With the object, therefore, of' presenting 'the point of view of the neurotic himself this paper is written, in the hope that it will be of use to those who practise psychotherapy. The writer would like to make clear at once the meaning which he wishes the word 'neurotic ' to convey. As this is a study of patients suffering from functional nervous disorders, irrespective of whether their individual illnesses may be neurasthenias, hysterias or obsessional states, theword 'neurotic' will be applied to them all. A neurotic is a patient who is suffering from a nervous disorder and in whom no physical lesion can be found to account for his illness. To make clear the distinction between the psychotic and the neurotic the following quotation from The Common Neuro8es, by Dr. T. A. Ross, is used. " The psychotic lives, in so far as he is a psychotic, in a world of phantasy, the neurotic in a real world; its difficulties are greater by far for him than they are for normal people but they are the same difficulties which all of us have. The difficulties of the psychotic arise from the fact that he is living in quite another world, in one which is not subject to the same physical laws."


【Objectives : The propose of this study was to observe the correlation between Cervical hypolordosis and radiological result. Methods : We randomly selected among the 110 patients with X-ray and C-spine MRI films who have visited Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine with neck pain. Radiographic measures of cervical lordosis and herniated disc were collected, and statistically analyzed. Results : In this study, if the finding of a X-ray showed straightening of cervical lordotic curve, based on MRI finging, the amount of herniation was more severe. Conclusions : There was a significant correlation between Cervical hypolordosis and herniated disc. Hypolordosis group complained a severe herniated disc.】


The article analyzes the elements that make up the motivational field of student youth and determine its specificity in the context of the modern realities of Russian society. The subject of the research is the content filling of such elements of the motivational field in the basic directions of activity in the youth environment as the choice of a profession, the motives of interpersonal communication, the structure of extracurricular interests, and the motives for choosing a hobby, a spouse. The theoretical foundation of the research is the works of domestic and foreign authors of the socio-philosophical and sociological directions. Based on the goal and objectives, the work uses comparative analysis, interdisciplinary synthesis and other techniques of general scientific methodology. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that most higher education students have the ratio of biological and psychological age within the age norm.


A variety of current provenance systems address the challenges of provenance capture, storage and query. However they require special setup and configuration, do not capture all I/O operations and limit themselves to specific specialised platforms. In this paper we propose the design of a data provenance capture and query tool called OPUS. OPUS works entirely in user space, is light-weight and requires minimum user intervention. OPUS is based on a formal model for versioning provenance objects that enables the succinct, complete representation of I/O operations in a manner that abstracts it from the details of the underlying operating system.


The invention relates to a chemical polyurethane foaming agent and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of synthesis of fine chemical products. The chemical polyurethane foaming agent is prepared by reacting semi carbazide, ethoxy azodiisobutyronitrile and a hydrazine hydrate. The foaming agent and the isocyanic acid radical are reacted to generate carbon dioxide, the foam structure of the polyurethane can be improved, and the excellent effect of the polyurethane chemical foaming agent is exerted. According to the foaming agent, the formed polyurethane foam structure is uniform, and the physical performances of the polyurethane foams are improved. The preparation process of the provided chemical foaming agent is simple and easy to operate, the comprehensive performance of the polyurethane foams is improved, and chemical foaming agent contributes to popularization.


This paper analyzes the relationship between economic development and industrial structure quantita- tively according to deviating from-share analysis and regression model of 3 times industry situation.The results show that:industrial structure~ contribution to economic growth is not obvious in a long run;three industries'con- tributes to economic growth,the first industry is the largest,the third industry is the smallest.It points out the ne- cessity and rationality of speeding up the transformation and structural adjustment of Chongqing traditional technology.


Base on the model of the author's interior cell,the fiber trace of Chen's surface cell and the section shape of the bundle described by Chou,et al,a new combined model including surface cells and interior cells is proposed.This model can simulate the structure of the three-dimensional four-step braided composites accurately.On the(basis) of this model,the elastic properties of three-dimensional four-step braided composites are predicted through the finite element calculation.By comparing the theoretical prediction with the experimental data,the influence of the surface cells on the whole elastic properties was discussed.The result indicates that the surface cells are important for predicting the elastic properties of three-dimensional four-step braided composites.


Excerpt In 1926 von Willebrand1described a familial bleeding tendency affecting both sexes and characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, accompanied by a normal coagulation time and platelet coun...


The Lviv Hospitals in September 1939
 Before the outbreak of World War II, there were eight hospitals in Lviv. After receiving news of the German aggression, two additional hospitals were set up


Each individual cow-calf producer will have a different answer to this question. The diversity of the results is inherent in the complexity of the question, which depends on a deceptively simple mathematical relationship. That relationship is known as the profit equation or function: profit is the difference between revenues and costs. This seems basic, as the only information one has to know is the revenues and costs associated with a particular animal. Once this is known, finding the value of that heifer can be mathematically computed. The complexity comes in determining answers to both the basic biological and economic questions. These questions include information about how long this animal will be productive, how many calves will she produce and of what size, and what and how much will she eat? The economic question will include both costs and revenue items such as what will these calves sell for, what will her salvage value be, if any, and what are the chances she will die? As if that isn't enough, all of this occurs in some future time period, further complicating the issue. It would be easy to conclude when considering the complexities of answering the above questions, that guessing or using some simple rule of thumb is the only way to make this decision, since it may appear that any reasonable calculations seem very involved and difficult. This is false, of course, just like eating an elephant, it can be accomplished just " one bite at a time. " Taking the challenge personally, the authors have created an electronic tool, a decision aide to achieve this. While not quite ready for public release, some initial work with the base tool has been completed and merits reporting. With the limited amount of space available in this brief report, little will be said about the inner-workings and assumptions of this tool, which include forecasted information used to create and operationalize it. However, the authors are willing to share this tool, and have E xtension is a D ivision of the Institute of A griculture and N atural R esources at the U niversity of N ebrask a–Lincoln cooperating with the C ounties and the U .S. D epartm ent of A griculture. U niversity of N ebrask a E xtension educational program s abide with the non-discrim ination policies of the U niversity of N ebrask a–Lincoln and the U nited S …


This paper evaluates the potential of very high resolution multispectral (Worldview-3) satellite imagery for mapping yield parameters in avocado and macadamia orchards. An evaluation of 18 structural and pigment based vegetation indices (VIs) derived from Worldview-3 imagery identified a positive relationship to nut/ fruit weight (kg/tree) R 2 >0.69 for macadamia and R 2 >0.68 for avocado; and nut/ fruit number (per tree) R 2 >0.6 for macadamia and R 2 >0.61 for avocado. Using the algorithms derived between the optimal VI and the measured parameter, yield and nut/ fruit number maps were derived for each block. In the absence of a commercial yield monitor, the resulting yield maps offer significant benefit to growers for improving orchard management, harvest scheduling, and forward selling decisions.


Scale is an important parameter of images. Different objects or image structures (e.g. edges and corners) can appear at different scales and each is meaningful only over a limited range of scales. Multi-scale analysis has been widely used in image processing and computer vision, serving as the basis for many high-level image analysis systems. One such high-level system is based on supervised learning as studied in pattern recognition and machine learning, which might take the results from multi-scale analysis as its input. Supervised learning defines a classifier to assign objects into different categories, and learns the classifier with some example objects whose category labels are known. A common characteristic of the current multi-scale analysis methods, however, is that they are designed without specific assumptions about the high-level image analysis systems. The problem is that, different tasks need images to be analysed at different scales, that is, they need different multi-scale analysis. For example, for the same image containing a person, small scales are needed if the problem is to segment the eyes, while large scales are needed when one wants to segment the person. In many applications, the task is defined only with some given example images and it is not known a priori the right scale to conduct analysis. This asks for multi-scale analysis frameworks which can adapt to the different tasks. The aim of this thesis is to study such adaptive multi-scale frameworks based on supervised learning. It focuses on three important aspects in multi-scale analysis: scale selection, scale invariance, and scale combining. Scale selection addresses the problem of choosing a right scale to detect an object or to analyse an image. Scale invariance is the ability to deal with objects appearing at arbitrary sizes. Scale combining concerns the combination of information from all scales. General learning frameworks are proposed for these three aspects. Examples are shown for image segmentation and classification problems. A learning-based scale selection method is proposed for supervised image segmentation. Supervised segmentation trains a classifier based on some given segmented images, which assigns the pixels of an image into different classes or segments. The input of the classifier is features extracted from a neighbourhood at each pixel, and the scale of this neighbourhood is a crucial parameter of the features. Scale is usually selected as the size of a certain image structure, which is, however, not necessarily the best for the segmentation task. Keeping this in mind, the selected scale for supervised segmentation is redefined as the one at which pixels from different classes are best separable. A general scale selection scheme is proposed, which relies on the classifier for segmentation to measure the class separability. Experiments are presented, which show that this scheme can indeed choose scales that are best for the segmentation problem and thus leads to significantly improved performance. Based on the proposed scale selection scheme, a scale-invariant classification framework is proposed for supervised image segmentation. This classifier can deal with images from arbitrary scales. Consequently, the same segmentation result will be obtained when an image is resized. The classifier is trained with image features from all scales, and thus able to handle images from any scales. To make the classifier not biased on particular scales, the right proportion of features from different scales is needed. Scale invariance of the classification is achieved with the proposed scale selection scheme in the testing phase, which finds the right scales for image structures of different sizes. A learning model closely related to the proposed scale-invariant classification is multiple-instance learning (MIL). MIL is a generalised supervised-learning framework that represents an object as a bag consisting of many feature vectors called instances. Only some of the instances in the bag are informative about the label of the object, while others share the same probability distribution for objects from different classes. In the training phase, only the labels of bags (not instances) are known, and a classifier is trained to separate bags into different classes. These characteristics make MIL fit well for multi-scale image analysis, as an object can be represented with a set of features from all scales and only features from some scales are informative. Features from other scales are uninformative as the object becomes too blurred or too small to be distinguished from other objects. Observing that MIL algorithms usually make effective use of only one, not all, informative instance in a bag, we propose a new MIL model to. A simple MIL classifier is obtained, which performs very well for numerous data sets in the experiments. Combining information from multiple scales is studied based on the dissimilarity representation. It has been recognised that information from more than one scale can be useful for image analysis and should be exploited for better performance. For learning-based image analysis, multi-scale information is usually combined by concatenating features from all scales, which typically creates an enormously high-dimensional feature vector and thus makes learning difficult. We use the dissimilarity representation as it enables to combine multi-scale information without increasing the dimensionality of the representation space. It represents an image with dissimilarities by comparing it with a set of reference images. Multi-scale information is exploited by computing dissimilarities at each scale and then combining these dissimilarities. Various rules are proposed and tested with real-world image classification problems. The results show that simple combining rules can already improve significantly upon the best result from the individual scales, and more adaptive rules, which exploit certain structures along the scale, can lead to even better results.


The impact of supply and ground coupling networks on transimpedance amplifier stability is analyzed by grouping critical circuit elements appropriately. The analysis methodology is applicable to feedback amplifiers in general and could guide the choice of circuit components, device process, and packaging solutions for optimum performance.


Abstract. In this paper we design and modeling a novel AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) that use it in turning machining. We know that work piece roughness is very essential part in final product in every machining method specially in turning. In this case we want to know availability of using AFM in turning. So at first designed a kind of AFM with cantilever beam, piezoelectric and piezoresistance. After that we should modeling this design in our situation, for these we define some surface that may be happen in machining. So know modeled our design for sample surface. At the end of project a P control method has been used for controlling our processing.


Many species of insect have keen olfactory senses. Their relatively simple neuronal circuits in the olfactory nervous system are good materials to investigate the neural mechanisms from reception to behavior. Single antennal olfactory cells of dung beetles respond well to the dung odors contained mainly five components of odor, and the beetles release food searching behavior. One of the olfactory cell (R-TypeI) respond only to 2-butanone ("specialist"), however another kind of cell (R-TypeII) shows responses not only 2-butanone but also to the other component odors ("generalist").On the other hand, single olfactory cells of the male beet armywom moth respond two kinds of component of sex pheromone substance (Z9, E12-14: Ac and Z9-14: OH) which emitted by the female moths. Each substance is received by TypeA cell and Type-B cell in the male antennal trichodeum respectively. The neural informations initiated at the olfactory cells to odors are transmitted to the deutocerebral neurons through some glomeruli. In the silkworm moth, the neurons respond with "phasic -tonic inhibition type" and impulses are sent to the next higher neurons. The protocerebral neurons show activities of a "longlasting type". Then the information directly enter to the thoracic ganglion through specific nerve fibers in the nerve trunk. And they initiate rapidly fluttering and zig-zag walking for mating behavior. But role for olfaction of the mushroom body known as a dense neuronal structural component in the protocerebrum is still unknown physiologically.


Strategic forest planning is the term used of the process involving determining the production possibilities of a forest area. Stand-level simulation is often used to produce a forest-holding-level production function, e.g., a linear programming model. However, stand-level data are not always available, and the planning process has to be carried out using forest-holding-level data. The system of simultaneous equations developed in this study can be used to predict the production frontier of a forest holding. The said simultaneous equations were constructed using simulated data of the points of the production frontiers of a total of 1367 nonindustrial, private forest holdings. Auxiliary models are used to produce data on the allowable cut over two management periods (short- and long-term horizons) to help the decision maker in adjusting the cutting objectives to lie within a feasible range. The simultaneous equations constructed compute the production frontier of a forest holding for given sets of exogenou...


There is a growing trend of data breaches, which this report looks into. The breaches often turn out to have, at their core, an element of either poor security management, or outdated or incorrectly applied security procedures. With this in mind, an affordable off-the-shelf microcontroller development kit is suggested as a way to lessen the impact of data theft during data breaches. Utilising an Arduino Due this report looks at the performance available for cryptoprocessing and key storage, showing that while it is not a viable solution for encrypting large amounts of data, it is however suitable for securely encrypting limited data sets, such as customer data.


In the title compound, C32H40N4O4, the pyrrole rings and ester groups adopt a 1,3-alternate conformation in which the alternating pyrrole and ester units are in opposite directions. The structure displays N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and exhibits disorder [site occupancies of 0.81(2) and 0.71(2)] in the peripheral ethyl groups.


This book focuses on the levels of elements iron, zinc, manganese, vanadium and chromium in different medicinal herbs used in Kenya and their aqueous extracts.It also lists the various diseases these herbs are used to treat.The analysis of elements is done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and DPASV and correlation curves used to compare the levels of elements in the medicinal herbs and those in the aqueous extract.These levels are then compared to those recommended by the world health organization. The benefits of these elements in immune boosting as well as the side effects due to trace element over load has also been discussed.


A comprehensive survey of plant assemblages from Upper Silurian (Gorstian–Přídolí) and Lower Devonian (Lochkovian–Pragian) localities in South Wales and the Welsh Borderland is presented, together with some comments on recent improvements in dating and correlation. Spore assemblages provide a stratigraphic framework for plant evolutionary studies and, along with microvertebrates, enable correlation from continental to marine rocks, i.e. near‐shore to shelf deposits. While it is recognized that the assemblages provide the most complete and extensive record of the history of vascular plants in a restricted geographical area during the time interval, it seems likely that major evolutionary innovation occurred elsewhere. The plants themselves display a number of types of fossilization. Particularly important are the pyrite permineralizations which have helped in the elucidation of the ultrastructure of tracheids in early vascular plants. Minute, coalified, relatively uncompressed fossils (mesofossils) from the Přídolí Lochkovian of the Welsh Borderland are hypothesized to be the products of wildfire, the earliest records to date. In addition to displaying often exquisite anatomical detail, the sporangia contain spores which have been linked to those in dispersed assemblages. Such relationships are helpful in the reconstruction of local and regional vegetation, even in the absence of meso‐ and megafossils. However, because these fossils are allochthonous and preserved in fluvial sediments, the habitats of the plants remain uncertain. A new hypothesis suggests that interfluvial areas, where calcretes are interpreted as relicts of vertisols and a seasonally dry climate, provided refugia in the Lower Devonian for the cryptospore‐producing plants which dominated Ordovician and Lower Silurian land vegetation, while vascular plants colonized areas in the immediate vicinity of rivers. Variation in regional vegetation is explored via comparisons of composition of spore assemblages in southern Britain and Scotland and timing of appearances of derived taxa, integrated with limited information on the spore producers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The high level of interregional socio-economic inequality is one of the main problems of spatial development of the Russian Federation, which is enshrined in several state strategic planning documents. Such a situation requires constant monitoring of this inequality and the search for solutions to this problem. The article analyzes the current situation of interregional inequality in the Russian Federation according to a few key indicators of socio-economic development and assesses the dynamics of changes in inequality of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the period 2000–2019. In addition, the article decomposes interregional inequality using the Theil index and proves that differences between federal districts explain a relatively small part of interregional differentiation, while differences between regions within districts account for more than 80% of all regional variation.


Optical coherence tomography and hyperspectral imaging were used to monitor the vascular response to hind limb ischemia. Measurements showed increases in collateral vessel formation and hemoglobin saturation consistent with existing techniques.


We extend recent results by Pisier on K-subcouples, i.e. subcouples of an interpolation couple that preserve the K-functional (up to constants) and corresponding notions for quotient couples. Examples include interpolation (in the pointwise sense) and a reinter-pretation of the Adamyan-Arov-Krein theorem for Hankel operators.


The non-maximum suppression (NMS) algorithm, which merges neighboring bounding boxes as the detection result, is widely utilized in object detection methods. However, the traditional NMS algorithm is not suitable for text detection in natural scenes, especially for long texts and dense texts. In this paper, we observe that the coordinates of candidate bounding boxes are presented in skew distribution. On this observation, an improved NMS algorithm called SD-NMS (Skew Distribution NMS) is designed. First, the mode and the median of the coordinate set are counted to filter out the redundant bounding boxes. Then the left bounding boxes are merged for the location of the text regions. The SD-NMS method improves the detection ability of the model without extra model training and can be easily embedded in text detection methods. The experimental results show that our method obtains F-measure more than other NMS methods in public data sets ICDAR2015 and MSRATD500.


A case is presented of a 14-year-old male patient being treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance who presented with a persistent upper lip swelling. The patient was experiencing discomfort from t...


This article discusses gout causes and its treatments introduced in Synopsis of Golden Chamber. Eating factors and alcohol addiction are two common causes of gout. Besides, being attacked by wind-cold and damp-heat evil is an important cause of gout and lack of vital energy is the main cause of gout. Accordingly, removing wind-cold and damp-heat evil is the main treatment for gout and disinhibiting urine to clear dampness is popular treatment for gout. Other treatments includes sweating, reinforcing kidney, nourishing Qi to enrich blood and external treatment.


Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the techniquesof non-invasive brain stimulation. Over 50 years ago, it was shown that a slight impact on a subthreshold direct current cortex animals leads to a change in the activity of the cortical neurons that lasts a certain period of time and on completion of exposure. Similar effects can be achieved by noninvasive stimulation of human brain. Apparently, the primary mechanism of this phenomenon is the subthreshold membrane potential changes, while aftereffect synaptic plasticity is associated with glutamatergic synapses.


In digital crime scene forensics, contactless non-destructive detection and acquisition of latent fingerprints by means of optical devices such as a high-resolution digital camera, confocal microscope, or chromatic white-light sensor is the initial step prior to destructive chemical development. The applicability of an optical sensor to digitalize latent fingerprints primarily depends on reflection properties of a substrate. Metallic painted surfaces, for instance, pose a problem for conventional sensors which make use of visible light. Since metallic paint is a semi-transparent layer on top of the surface, visible light penetrates it and is reflected off of the metallic flakes randomly disposed in the paint. Fingerprint residues do not impede light beams making ridges invisible. Latent fingerprints can be revealed, however, using ultraviolet light which does not penetrate the paint. We apply a UV-VIS spectroscope that is capable of capturing images within the range from 163 to 844 nm using 2048 discrete levels. We empirically show that latent fingerprints left behind on metallic painted surfaces become clearly visible within the range from 205 to 385 nm. Our proposed streakiness score feature determining the proportion of a ridge-valley pattern in an image is applied for automatic assessment of a fingerprint's visibility and distinguishing between fingerprint and empty regions. The experiments are carried out with 100 fingerprint and 100 non-fingerprint samples.


Biphasic potentials are recorded in the column and tentacles of Pachycerianthus fimbriatus following stimulation by a single electrical shock of a through conducting system anywhere on the column. Magnesium is shown to first increase the conduction delay and number of potentials in the response and then eliminate it. A second electrical response, trains of spikes, stimulated by application of Anemia "juice" is present in the tentacles.


This study presents the use of a design flow and remarkable results of signal integrity crosstalk simulations of Multi-GigaHertz serial links in high density printed circuit boards, which becomes mandatory due to increase of data rates.


This study aims to provide answers to whether the politics of the Swedish Democrats contains elements of xenophobia. The Swedish Democrats have become a major political party in Sweden. Today they ...


This investigation aimed to examine the intrinsic antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of Streptomyces species, isolated from the sediments of selected thermal springs located in northern Pakistan. Isolated species were subjected to morphological, physiological; biochemical and microscopic analyses. The isolates were examined for the consumption of various carbon sources, deprivation of complex compounds, susceptibility and resistance to antimicrobials and inhibitory compounds. The results indicated that all isolates demonstrated complete resistances to penicillin and ampicillin and weak resistance to Cotrimoxazole, Cephazolin, Deoxycline and Lincomycine. These isolates were moderately susceptible to Erythromycin, Cefaparazone, Cefapime, Amoxicillin and Cephradine while completely susceptible to Tetracycline, Vancomycin, Amikacin Gentamicin and Imipenem. In addition, Streptomyces isolates were more susceptible to Vancomycin and Gentamicin as compared to other antimicrobials and inhibitory compounds. This potential vulnerability of Streptomyces to Vancomycin and Gentamicin in particular, as therapeutic agents against infections by Streptomyces species is discussed.


markdownabstractLocal hyperthermia, a method during which the temperature of a tumor is elevated, clinically increases the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, without increasing side-effects. One of the reasons that explains why hyperthermia increases effectivity of these therapies is that it induces degradation of BRCA2. BRCA2 is an essential protein for double strand break DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR). Double strand breaks are the types of damage that occur after radiotherapy and specific types of chemotherapy, and are the basis for the anti-cancer effects of these therapies. By inhibiting HR, hyperthermia prevents repair of these breaks, and therefore increases anti-cancer efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
This thesis describes the journey of hyperthermia-mediated BRCA2 degradation, from bedside to bench and back again.
In the __Prequel__ we describe bedside to bench research that has provided biological explanation for why hyperthermia sensitizes to radiotherapy through hyperthermia-mediated degradation of BRCA2. By taking __a Step Back__ we identify the thermal doses and the hyperthermia-radiotherapy sequencing necessary to best exploit heat-mediated BRCA2 degradation in the clinical setting. Next, with a Bench to Bedside approach, we explore what hyperthermia-mediated BRCA2 degradation and the resulting HR-deficiency can currently contribute to clinical hyperthermia treatment. Lastly, we close the __Bedside to Bench__-circle by addressing how clinical hyperthermia can be improved by exploring new targets for increasing effectiveness of hyperthermia-mediated BRCA2 degradation, using laboratory experiments.


Two chemical compounds eliciting prey‐locating behavior of the predatory stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata, were isolated from solvent extracts of Spodoptera litura larvae and identified. A hexane eluted fraction from silica gel chromatography of the solvent extracts of S. litura larvae was attractive to E. furcellata nymphs when assayed with a linear track olfactometer. The hexane fraction was found to contain n‐pentadecane (2500 ng/larva), n‐tetracosane (54 ng/larva), n‐heptadecane (41 ng/larva), n‐heptacosane (61 ng/larva), n‐nonacosane (147 ng/larva), n‐hentriacontane (200 ng/larva) and squalene (323 ng/larva). The synthetic n‐pentadecane was attractive to the bugs, although its activity was slightly lower than that of the hexane fraction. A mixture of synthetic n‐pentadecane and the other six hydrocarbons was also attractive, although no improved attractiveness was observed by the addition of the latter compounds. On the other hand, a 15%‐ether‐in‐ hexane eluted fraction from silica gel chromatography stimulated bugs to display a proboscis‐protruding behavior. A neutral‐layer fraction of the 15% fraction, which contained E‐phytol (480 ng/larva), also elicited this behavior. Synthetic E‐phytol had the same effect on the predators as the neutral‐layer fraction.


The invention discloses N-modulation for wide color gamut and high brightness. Techniques are provided to support a high dynamic range, high brightness, a wide color gamut, and high resolution in an imaging system. The imaging system may use a light source unit to sequentially emit light of different colors. Color-specific frames may be used to drive, directly or indirectly, multiple display panels that comprise at least one monochromatic display panel. Color bleeding and light bleeding may be prevented, or otherwise mitigated, in the imaging system by controlling the sequential emission of light by the light source unit and by controlling display portions of the display panels in the imaging system.


Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at elevated risk for developing diabetes. Despite the recommendation for postpartum diabetes screening in these women, the rate of this screening is low. The aim of this study was to conduct an in-depth exploration of the experiences and perceived barriers on diabetes screening at 6 weeks to 6 months after delivery in Iranian women with recent GDM. This qualitative study was a part of a more extensive study designed and analysed based on grounded theory methodology and conduced in 2016 in Tehran. Data was generated by semi structured interviews carried out with 22 women with a recent GDM who were delivered at least 6 months before interview. Four major themes that illustrated barriers to the screening were identified. The themes and subthemes were inadequate education (about developing diabetes in the future, implementation of the screening, and glucometer validity in diagnosis of diabetes), perceiving the screening as difficult (feeling comfortable with the glucometer, poor laboratory conditions, issues related to the baby/babies, and financial problems), improper attitudes toward the screening (unwilling to get diagnosed, not giving priority to oneself, having false beliefs) and procrastination (gap to intention and action, self-deception, self-regulation failure, and willingness to keep the daily routine). Women with recent GDM reported several barriers for postpartum diabetes screening. These findings will inform the development of evidence-based interventions to improve postpartum diabetes screening rate following GDM.


Since 1990,the development of economic globalization and regionalization has brought not only an opportunity for the Sino-Japanese bilateral trade,but also a more challenging world market for the two countries.The article takes full advantage of a comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis and some regression models to demonstrate the positive and negative influences in intra-industry trade in manufacturing industries between China and Japan,Based on the above analysis,the author assumes a vision for the future development.


The denominator is impacted by spatio-temporal variability through the continual movements in sectional and whole blade performance around design points in blade pitch and rotor performance around design points in rotor yaw as the local and rotor-averaged wind vector changes in both magnitude and direction as turbulence eddies pass through the rotor plane. These impacts can be significant, for example, when blade sectional angles-of-attack exceed the threshold for attached blade boundary layer flow, an intermittent process that contributes to temporal rotor moment modulations that could contribute significantly to degradation of average power depending on the changing stability state of the lower troposphere during its diurnal and seasonal cycles, and depending on the level and sophistication of controls that modulate the relationships between variabilities in wind turbine parameters (blade pitch, generator torque) and spatio-temporal variabilities in wind velocity vector over the power-generating rotor disk.


Defect structures in the Li-Mg-N system can be tuned by control of composition and temperature. A series of compounds in the Li3N-Mg3N2 system have been synthesized via solid state reaction of the binary nitrides. The resulting ternary nitrides have been structurally characterized by variable temperature powder neutron diffraction. LiMgN is orthorhombic (space group Puma), at room temperature. It undergoes a structural transition above 673 K to a simple cubic anti-fluorite structure (space group Fm (3) over barm). Nitrogen-deficient, magnesium-rich Li0.24Mg2.76N1.92 is isostructural with Mg3N2 and retains a cubic anti-bixbyite structure, I2(1)3, from room temperature to 873 K. Li1.11Mg0.89N0.96 retains a simple cubic anti-fluorite structure, (space group Fm (3) over barm), over the entire temperature range investigated. However, Li1.09Mg0.91N0.97 crystallizes with the orthorhombic Puma LiMgN-type structure, providing evidence for the accommodation or variable metal and nitrogen stoichiometry in that structure and expansion of the structure stability field beyond a LiMgN "line phase".


An \textit{ab initio} electronic structure calculation based on the generalized gradient approximation in the density functional theory is carried out to study the basic electronic states of hollandite vanadate K$_2$V$_8$O$_{16}$. We find that the states near the Fermi energy consist predominantly of the three $t_{2g}$-orbital components and the hybridization with oxygen $2p$ orbitals is small. The $d_{yz}$ and $d_{zx}$ orbitals are exactly degenerate and are lifted from the $d_{xy}$ orbital. The calculated band dispersion and Fermi surface indicate that the system is not purely one-dimensional but the coupling between the VO double chains is important. Comparison with available experimental data suggests the importance of electron correlations in this system.


In an environmentally polluted environment, woven curtain fabrics that collect dust and pollen play an important health-protective role in interior decoration. However, devices or evaluation factors for measuring the dust adsorption ability of interior products have not been developed. To resolve this deficiency, we developed an apparatus that directly measures the dust adsorption and devised two test parameters (dust interrupting capability and fine dust adsorption capacity) for quantifying the dust adsorption. We also investigated the physical properties affecting the dust adsorption ability of fabrics with different denier weaves of air-textured yarns and draw-textured yarns, which adsorb dust in their fluffs and crimps, respectively. The air permeability and weight of the fabrics were strongly correlated with fine dust interrupting capability. The air permeability, dust adsorption, and interruption capability of the air-textured yarns largely depended on the loops formed by the overfeed rate in the weft direction. The strong sound-absorbing performance of the samples (especially at higher frequencies) was also obtained by loops, fluffs, and crimps of air-textured yarns and draw-textured yarns of fabrics. The best sound-absorbing performance was exhibited by S20, made from 760 D with many loops on the yarn surface.


In this study we present research results on interdigitated organic / small molecule photoconductors. We investigated photoconductivity in interdigitated lateral photoconductors with aluminum contacts, using (1) a spin-coated organic blend and (2) evaporated organic multilayers as the active layer. The spin-coated devices were made with a blend of a poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyl-oxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene] [MEH-PPV] and {6}-1-(3-(methoxycarbonyl) propyl)-{5}-1-phenyl-[6,6]-C61 [PCBM]. In spin-cast devices, the quantum efficiency was limited by the dissociation of the excitons. The field dependence of the dissociation of the excitons was explained using a modified Onsager model for charge dissociation. The evaporated devices were made from layers of alpha-sexithiophene [α-6T] and C60. In the evaporate devices, trap sites in the active layer limited the quantum efficiency. By modeling the quantum efficiency based on exciton diffusion to the interface and the dissociation of the excitons, the experimental quantum efficiency was explained by a trapping model with a charge carrier lifetime of 0.002s.


The article deals with the effect of welding residual stresses on fatigue crack growth in 18G2AV high strength low alloy steel weldments. Three kinds of flat specimens have been used – unwelded ones, specimens with butt perpendicular welds and specimens with butt longitudinal welds. Residual stress distributions have been measured in both kinds of welded specimens. AH specimens were tested under constant and variable amplitude load with stress ratios R>0. The Forman's law and Wheeler's model of crack retardation were used for theoretical analysis. The theoretical results were more realistic when effective stress ratio R_eff and effective stress intensity range DK_eff compensating for residual stresses had been used. It was found that the tension resisdual stresses increase the fatigue crack growth rate while compresive ones reduce it. The lower was the applied load the higher the residual stress effect. A distribution of residual stress had a significant effect on fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue life of welded specimens. This report presents experimental results and analytical method of fatigue crack growth prediction in steel weldments on the basis of results obtained from parent material.


Mosic and Djordjevic introduced the notation of the gDMP inverse for Hilbert space operators in [J. Spectr. Theory, 8(2):555-573, 2018] by considering generalized Drazin inverse with the Moore-Penrose inverse. This paper introduces two new classes of inverses: GD1 (generalized Drazin and inner) inverse and 1GD (inner and generalized Drazin) inverse for Hilbert space operators. The existence and uniqueness of the GD1 (also 1GD) inverse are discussed, along with some properties through core-quasinilpotent decomposition and closed range decomposition operator. We further establish a few explicit representations of the GD1 inverse and their interconnections with generalized Drazin inverse. In addition, we discuss a few properties of GD1 (also 1GD) inverse through binary relation.


How are conversations decontextualized apart from the here-and-now situation in a daily joint activity? More specifically, how are those (de/)contextualized utterances associated with movements in the activity? Applying Cloran's [1] Rhetoric Units, we identified the degrees of decontextualization for utterances, regarding their time and space distances from the ongoing situation. For the annotation of hand and body movements, we employed Kendon's [2] gesture phases. The association of speech and movements were examined using the degrees of decontextualization and movement phases. The results from the preliminary analysis suggested that when participants were pausing their movements they tend to utter in the high degrees of decontextualization than when they were moving.


How to identify BM target using multi-sensor information is always one of the difficult issues to be solved in antimissile system.From the beginning of analyzing the characteristic of BM target,an identification method for BM based on DSmT is proposed in this paper.The method can use some ambiguous and inconsistent information about ballistic missile offered by multi-sensor to identify target via fusion.The simulation analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.


Coordination of cell growth with nutrient availability, in particular amino acids, is a central problem that has been solved by the implementation of complex regulatory cascades. Although the specific regulatory mechanisms differ between kingdoms and species, a common theme is the use of tRNA molecules as sensors and transducers of amino acid starvation. In many bacteria, amino acid starvation leads to high levels of uncharged tRNAs, a signal for the synthesis of the stringent response's alarmones, halting transcription of stable RNAs and inducing the synthesis of amino acid synthesis pathways 1. In gram-positive Bacteria (as well as the Deinococcus-Thermus clade), uncharged tRNAs bind structures (T-boxes) in the leader sequences of mRNA encoding gene, activating the expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism 2. In eukaryotes, the conserved General Amino Acid Control (GAAC) response is triggered by shortage of amino acids that leads to the binding of uncharged tRNAs to Gcn2 kinase and, through a cascade of events, to the activation of the central activator of amino acid synthesis genes, Gcn4 3. As the study by Scheidt et al. 4 and several other recent studies in this field reveal, variations in charging levels are not the only mechanism by which tRNAs play a role in amino acid starvation responses; levels of post-transcriptional modifications also seem to play major roles.


First-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to investigate the crystal structures, thermodynamic stability, and decomposition pathways of Li-Mg-Al-H hydrogen storage compounds. We find that the recently discovered $\text{LiMg}{({\text{AlH}}_{4})}_{3}$ compound is stable with respect to solid-state decomposition into ${\text{LiAlH}}_{4}$ and $\text{Mg}{({\text{AlH}}_{4})}_{2}$; however, we also find that $\text{LiMg}{({\text{AlH}}_{4})}_{3}$ is unstable with respect to hydrogen release and decomposes exothermically into ${\text{LiMgAlH}}_{6}$, Al, and ${\text{H}}_{2}$ with a calculated $T=300\text{ }\text{K}$ enthalpy of $\ensuremath{-}7.3\text{ }\text{kJ}/(\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2})$, in excellent agreement with the weakly exothermic value of $\ensuremath{-}5\text{ }\text{kJ}/(\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2})$ obtained from differential scanning calorimetry measurements [M. Mamatha et al., J. Alloys Compd. 407, 78 (2006)]. ${\text{LiMgAlH}}_{6}$ is a stable intermediate, which has two competing endothermic decomposition pathways for ${\text{H}}_{2}$ release: one going directly into the binary hydrides of Li and Mg and the other proceeding via the formation of an intermediate ${\text{Li}}_{3}{\text{AlH}}_{6}$ phase, with room-temperature enthalpies of $+18.6$ and $+16.6\text{ }\text{kJ}/(\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2})$, respectively. Using database searching based on known crystal structures from the inorganic crystal structure database, we predict that the hypothetical ${\text{MgAlH}}_{5}$ compound should assume the orthorhombic ${\text{BaGaF}}_{5}$ prototype structure, in contrast to a previous DFT study of ${\text{MgAlH}}_{5}$, [A. Klaveness et al., Phys. Rev. B 73, 094122 (2006)]. However, the decomposition enthalpy of ${\text{MgAlH}}_{5}$ is only weakly endothermic, $+1.1\text{ }\text{kJ}/(\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2})$, and therefore this compound is not expected to occur in the high-temperature decomposition sequence of Mg alanate. We also present a comprehensive investigation of the phonon spectra and vibrational thermodynamics of Li-Mg-Al-H compounds, finding that vibrations typically decrease reaction enthalpies by up to $10\text{ }\text{kJ}/\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2}$ at ambient temperatures and significantly lower reaction entropies.


In the News Feature "The stem cell skeptic" (4 August, p. [441][1]), K. Servick discusses Paul Knoepfler's concerns about unregulated stem cell trials, which he enumerates on his blog. Our research was one target of Knoepfler's criticism. Servick summarized Knoepfler's concerns and noted that we


This article outlines how counties and municipalities in North Carolina prepared their fiscal year 2020–21 budgets amid the uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to an April 2020 survey, 92 percent of jurisdictions reported anticipating a general-fund shortfall for FY 2021, and over 20 percent expected shortfalls exceeding 10 percent of their general funds. Over three-quarters of jurisdictions reported not budgeting for any new positions, and over half instituted hiring freezes. This research presents important insights into how counties and municipalities prepared for the recession and highlights the differences and similarities of those strategies.


FIELD: measurement equipment. SUBSTANCE: meter of level and interface of two products comprises a section of a long line crossing the interface of the first and second products, a generator of microwave pulses, a receiver, the first and second amplitude pulse selectors, the first and second meters of time intervals, and also a calculator of level and interface. At the same time inputs of the first and second amplitude selectors are connected to the receiver's output, the reference output of the microwave pulse generator and the output of the first amplitude selector are accordingly start and stop inputs of the first meter of time intervals, outputs of the first and second amplitude selectors are accordingly start and stop inputs of the second meter of time intervals, and outputs of the first and second meters of time intervals are connected accordingly to the first and second inputs of the level and interface calculator. The section of the long line is made in the form of a cylindrical helical spiral and has regular discontinuities along its length, and the meter of level and interface of two products is equipped with a calibration unit connected between the receiver and the calculator of level and interface, comprising serially connected third amplitude selector of pulses, reflected from regular discontinuities of the long line section, and a digital period meter. The input of the third amplitude selector is connected to the receiver's output, start and stop inputs of the digital period meter are connected accordingly with outputs of the first and second amplitude selectors, and the output of the digital period meter is connected to the third input of the level and interface calculator. EFFECT: increased accuracy of a device due to reduced error of level and interface measurement for two products specified by error of measurement of time intervals, and also direct measurement of speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves in the layer of the first product. 2 cl, 4 dwg


Compared with the traditional mode, community joint distribution has the advantages of integrating logistics resources and reducing operating costs. In this paper, the primary evaluation index set is obtained through questionnaire survey method and relevant literature analysis method. The AHP model of group decision making and the interval estimation method are applied to eliminate the weak weight index and reserve and rank the strong weight index on the index set. Further, a more effective community fresh food common distribution service evaluation system was established to provide a scientific theoretical basis and valuable reference for the future development of community fresh food common distribution.


UML is analysed and used in software modeling of automatic computation system of oilcan,and used in automatic computation as an example to build its use-case model,static model and dynamic model.They are achieved by Rational Rose 2000 circumstance.


The HERMES/Mercator combination provides a niche in observational astrophysics as it allows to build up yearlong time-series of high-resolution optical spectra with appropriate sampling. In name of the HERMES consortium, I introduce the main characteristics of our spectrograph and operational model. Rather than reviewing all results, I highlight with a few example only some of the results obtained during the first six years of operations.


Objective:To investigate the changes of paraoxonase 1(PON1) in the patients with hypercholesterolemia,and the relationship between paraoxonase1 activity and hypercholesterolemia.Methods: The fasting plasma PON1 activity,oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) level and malondialdehyde(MDA) level and lipids levels in 66 normal controls and 109 hypercholesterolemia patients were determined.Results: The PON1 activity in hypercholesterolemia(138.1±62.4 kU·L-1) was significantly decreased as compared with normal controls(171.4±66.2 kU·L-1)(P0.01).The MDA level in hypercholesterolemia(12.8±3.8 μmol·L-1) was significantly increased as compared with normal controls(9.7±2.3 μmol·L-1)(P0.01),and so did the ox-LDL level(589.1±198.2 μg·L-1) vs(455.1±178.2 μg·L-1).Correlation analysis indicated that there was a negatively correlated with MDA(r=-0.441,P0.01),ox-LDL(r=-0.402,P0.01).Conclusions: Increased oxidative stress present in hypercholesterolemia may lead to decrease of plasma PON1 activity.


Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been known to be implicated in human gastric carcinogenesis. Snail, the zinc‐finger transcription factor known as a key inducer of changes in the cell shape and morphogenetic movement, is aberrantly overexpressed and correlates with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether H. pylori could induce Snail activation to provoke these changes. Using a cell scatter assay, we noticed that human gastric cancer AGS cells infected with H. pylori underwent morphological changes as well as disruption of cell–cell interaction, which was then reversed by silencing of Snail by use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). In addition, infection with H. pylori resulted in an increased intracellular level of Snail in gastric cancer cells, which was abrogated in the presence of U0126 and LY294002, inhibitors of MEK/Erk and PI3K/Akt pathways, respectively. Cycloheximide pulse‐chase experiments coupled with immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the induction of Snail by H. pylori was regulated at multiple levels, including increased transcription of Snail mRNA, inhibition of protein degradation, and enhancement of nuclear translocation of Snail. Pre‐treatment of AGS cells with N‐acetylcysteine, a well‐known reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, attenuated the H. pylori‐induced activation of Erk, its binding to Snail promoter, inactivation of GSK‐3β, and accumulation of Snail. Collectively, these findings suggest that the upregulation of Snail expression induced by H. pylori and transformation to a spindle‐like shape as a consequence in gastric cancer cells are attributable to ROS‐mediated activation of Erk and the inhibition of GSK‐3β signaling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


AbstrAct Purpose: Purpose of this paper is description of influence of the heat input of submerged arc welding (SAW) of duplex steel UNS S31803 on welded butt joints corrosion resistance. Design/methodology/approach: Butt joints on plates of 9 – 30 mm thickness were executed where the applied heat input of welding exceeded the 2.5 kJ/mm value. Maximum heat input level was HI ≤ 3.0; HI ≤ 3.5; HI ≤ 4.0; HI ≤ 4.5; HI ≤ 5.0. Analysis of welding heat input influence on mechanical properties, value of ferrite share, and corrosion of test joints has been done. Non-destructive and destructive testing, e. g. visual examinations, microstructure examination, corrosion resistance tests according to ASTM G48 Method A, HV5 hardness tests, impact and tensile test were carried out. For analysis of welding heat input influence on creation of welding imperfections, there were executed welding of sheet of thickness 9, 14, 28 mm. Findings: It was shown that submerged arc welding of duplex steel with the heat input from 2.5 kJ/mm up to 5.0 kJ/mm has no negative influence on properties of the joints. Based on the performed tests the conclusion is that according to DNV Rules the welding heat input exceeding the recommended values has no negative impact on strength properties and corrosion resistance of the executed welded joints.


Introduction and purpose of the study. Solving the problem of ensuring the compliance of Ukrainian higher education with the current and future needs of the development of the national economy and society involves solving a number of interrelated tasks: assessing the state of Ukrainian higher education and science at the current stage; management problems of education institutions, marketing activities and increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian institutions of higher education, which would allow to enter the world market of educational services; analysis of state management and regulation of the education system and innovative development of the field of higher education; outline of theoretical issues of modeling the processes of using the potential of the knowledge economy of society as a whole. The center of the development of innovations and the implementation of scientific research is the system of higher education of the state. According to the systemic approach, scientific activity in higher education is a system consisting of the following subsystems: carrying out scientific research, training academic staff, creative activity of participants in educational activity, publicizing the results of scientific research and implementing the obtained results in the educational process. It is the use of a systemic approach that will help improve the quality of higher education and increase the competitiveness of domestic institutions of higher education at the international and national levels. The aforementioned outlines the relevance of this study and reflects the purpose of this article as determining the effectiveness of the scientific potential of the higher education system of Ukraine and determining the impact of factors on this effectiveness.
Research methods used: the method of induction in the implementation of formal-logical generalizations; deduction method for obtaining intermediate (partial) conclusions based on the analysis of the nature of the general process; method of abstraction to locate and identify significant trends in economic processes; correlation analysis to determine the most significant factors affecting the level of GDP formation from professional, scientific and technical activities; regression analysis to construct a linear multiple regression. Special software and technical tools were used for modeling: MS Excel, Statistika10.
Results. It has been proven that the effectiveness of using the scientific potential of the higher education system depends on the effectiveness of training academic staff, the level of financing scientific and technical activities of the higher education system, the publication activity of scientists and the number of patented inventions. In the process of analysis, it was proven that the level of GDP from professional, scientific and technical activities depends on changes in such factors as: the number of graduate students who completed graduate studies with the defense of theses; the number of doctoral students at IHE at the end of the year; the number of scientific and technical works performed by institutions of higher education; publishing activity of higher education: printed monographs and articles in scientific journals published in the Scopus scientometric database; the number of received patents for inventions. The obtained multiple regression equation makes it possible to predict the size of GDP from professional, scientific and technical activities at the specified sizes of the specified factor characteristics.
Conclusions. The development of the scientific potential of the higher education system largely depends on balanced state, regional and domestic policies. Currently, in the conditions of a full-scale war, institutions of higher education receive smaller amounts of real funding for scientific activities, therefore it is important to develop a strategy for the development of the higher education system of Ukraine, which would be aimed at ensuring the development and competitiveness of domestic institutions of higher education in the conditions of globalization.
Keywords: system of higher education; scientific activity; scientific potential; postgraduate studies; doctoral studies; publishing activity.


One aspect of the invention relates to a touch and force-sensing device and a force-sensitive display, and specifically discloses touch and force-sensing device. The touch and force-sensing device comprsies one or more touch sensors capable of generating one or more touch signals indicative of the position of a touch on the touch and force-sensing device; and one or more force sensors capable of generating one or more force values within a possible continuous force value range, wherein the force values indicate the amount of the force applied to the touch and force-sensing device.


We developed an embodied video communication system in which a human-type avatar called "VirtualActor," engaging in interactive behavior, was superimposed on the other speech partner's video image in a virtual face-to-face scene. The system posed some problems for VirtualActor such as a sense of restraint owing to sensor cables and the sensors' lack of portability. In this paper, we propose the concept of an embodied video communication system in which a CG character is superimposed on the other talker's video image in a face-to-face scenario, and we develop a prototype called "E-VChat,". This system has a CG character, which moves on the basis of the talker's head motions with a motion-capture device and automatically generates motions on the basis of the talker's voice. Furthermore, we propose a multiple-character system in which CG characters crowd around the other talker virtually, and we develop the prototype system. These characters enhance human communication by facilitating interactive behavior on the basis of the talker's voice. An interview-style communication experiment is performed to confirm the effectiveness of the E-VChat system for 12 pairs of subjects using three communication modes: "only the other talker's image," "the other talker's image with the talker's avatar," and "the other talker's image with the talker's avatar and character audience." The results show that all communication modes are positively assessed by sensory evaluation and that the other talker's image with talker's avatar and character audience mode is evaluated highly in paired comparison.


Abstract What are some major social cognitive and cognitive developmental mechanisms affecting young children′s early acquisition of gender-roles and their performance of gender-typed behaviors? Investigation of young children′s knowledge and understanding of gender scripts provides an innovative means for addressing such questions, as well as tying together distinct areas of early social cognitive development. The present paper examines relations between young children′s script, gender-role, and gender schema development and details current research on gender scripts. Tenets from the script model of event representations and gender schema models of early gender-role development are described and collectively applied to the study of children′s gender script understanding. New ways for conceptualizing and explaining aspects of early gender-role and gender schema development are presented.


s: In effective perod, spray Gree-weilei 200times, 300times, 400times, to manage mature Anoplophora in populns timber,experiments in condition of using nest or nature reached the control effect of 91.6% and 90.2% respectively.


This study investigated the revolutionary impact of digitization on the photojournalism in India during the 2001 and 2011. The digital camera becomes very popular, almost every person is having a digital camera or cell phone with camera features. Most (82.2%) of the photojournalist strongly agree that the use of digital camera has increased, 65.3% says quality of image increased. 30.7% photojournalist strongly agreed, with the development of new technology newspapers are reducing their photo staff. 74.3% photojournalist strongly agreed the work load of photojournalist has increased . 57.4% photojournalist believed that level of education increased among photojournalist in India.


Entity-oriented search systems often learn vector representations of entities via the introductory paragraph from the Wikipedia page of the entity. As such representations are the same for every query, our hypothesis is that the representations are not ideal for IR tasks. In this work, we present BERT Entity Representations (BERT-ER) which are query-specific vector representations of entities obtained from text that describes how an entity is relevant for a query. Using BERT-ER in a downstream entity ranking system, we achieve a performance improvement of 13-42% (Mean Average Precision) over a system that uses the BERT embedding of the introductory paragraph from Wikipedia on two large-scale test collections. Our approach also outperforms entity ranking systems using entity embeddings from Wikipedia2Vec, ERNIE, and E-BERT. We show that our entity ranking system using BERT-ER can increase precision at the top of the ranking by promoting relevant entities to the top. With this work, we release our BERT models and query-specific entity embeddings fine-tuned for the entity ranking task.


This paper proposes a sensorless vector control method based on Primary flux linkage and sinusoidal current tracking control for Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor. The proposed sensorless vector control can control torque at different speeds. Furthermore, the proposed sensorless vector control method estimates the primary flux linkage vector. At various speeds, it is possible to control the torque without relying on position or speed information.


Plotinus is, up to a point, a classical intellectualist in the manner of Aristotle, and, he would himself have certainly thought, of Plato. He professes, that is, to give an account of everything that is in any degree real in the universe (and even a kind of account of the unreal) which is certainly and unchangingly true and can be demonstrated to be so by rational processes. This account culminates in the description of an eternal realm of intelligible intellect which can be (and indeed really always is) our own, certainly and imperturbably possessed. This systematic account of reality, as is well known, breaks down, and we have to break out of it, in a very startling way at the top. Beyond the Platonic-Aristotelian Intellect-Intelligible, the world of real being which is Νοῦς and νοητά, lies the One or Good beyond being, which is neither intelligent nor intelligible. When we have completed our understanding of reality, we have to leave it all behind in order to find what turns out to be the only thing we want, the source of all values and the goal of all desire, which alone makes it worth the effort to attain to Νοῦς on the way, as it is the only reason why Νοῦς is there at all.


Streamflow records are required for a wide range of industrial, environmental, and urban applications. However, the sparse coverage of hydrometric stations in western Canada, and their limited spatial and temporal representativeness, necessitate hydrologic regionalization methods to generate streamflow for a point of interest. Here, an efficient semi-distributed hydrological modelling workflow is presented which has modest data requirements, uses publicly available data sources, and applies free open-source software. The method is scalable, relies on few statistical assumptions, and is scientifically rigorous. In addition, the resultant model allows the ability to trace the primary contributors of streamflow in the region, and for the evaluation of future watershed hydrology due to environmental and climatic change.


Highlights advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of computerization to project control activity. Stresses identification of when computerization is needed and explores how to convert. Covers fundamentals of project control theory, software technology, and labor and cost analysis. Includes glo


HIV/AIDS continues to ravish society and yet legislators and health care practitioners overlook the impact the disease has on a social level. Advocating for mandatory HIV/AIDS testing as a means of curtailing stigma is a necessity. This paper proposes that mandatory HIV/AIDS testing be considered as a means of curtailing the spread of stigma. The paper discusses the causes of stigma, the ways in which stigma is spread and a solution as to how stigma can be abated through mandatory HIV/AIDS testing.


Microscopic testicular infiltration was found at autopsy in 64.3% of 140 males with acute leukemia, 22.4% of 76 males with chronic leukemia, 18.6% of 102 males with lymphosarcoma, and in none of 44 males with Hodgkin's disease. Two children with lymphomatous testicular involvement had the features of Burkitt's lymphoma. In both leukemia and lymphoma, testicular involvement at autopsy was usually associated with widespread and extensive infiltration elsewhere. Patients with acute leukemia dying with chemotherapy‐induced bone marrow hypoplasia often had persistent extramedullary infiltrates; such sites were typically multiple and did not notably favor either the testis or the leptomeninges—lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract were as commonly or more commonly so involved. Clinically evident testicular involvement in acute leukemia has apparently increased in frequency, perhaps reflecting longer survival since the advent of chemotherapy. This complication often develops while the patient is in hematologic remission and may be followed by leukemic masses in distant sites before hematologic relapse. Six of 8 children with testicular tumefaction due to acute leukemia showed testicular fibrosis at autopsy.


The first and second waves of feminism were important first steps of the feminist movement. Modern day feminists, although respecting the work of their predecessors, argue that early feminist assumptions were limited as a result of the very few identities represented. In other words, they claim that early feminists did not reflect an intersectional point of view in their advocacy and literature. This paper will argue this point by providing examples of works that critique ideologies from the time periods of the first and second waves of feminism.


The goal of this work was to draw out the shelf-life of strawberries, submitted to the active modified atmosphere (2% O2 + 10% CO2 and 5% O2 + 5% CO2) and stored under refrigeration (9 ± 1oC and 99% UR) by 10 days. The experiment was carried through in the DCA/Ufla, in Lavras, MG. With the results gotten in this work, it may be concluded that the strawberries did not suffer any influence of the modified atmosphere in relation to the controlled fruits, according to the evaluated parameters.


Two major problems about the purchase and usage of the machinery in highway construction enterprises are analyzed.It is pointed out that the origin of the two problems arise from the restraint of the old system.In order to solve them, structural reforms should be carried out and joint stock cooperation system is regarded as one of the major forms.


The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many activities, including tourism and recreational activities. This study determines the  local communities' perceptions of local recreational activities or staycation based on the natural resources in Sabah during the pandemic. Using the convenience sampling method, the questionnaire survey was distributed to respondents through social media and email. Respondents including students, government, and private sectors were from different socio-demographics. Most of them preferred recreational activities based on nature- panorama activities, followed by those who chose extreme activities such as hiking, cultural base recreation, river-based activities, leisure vacation and jungle trekking. The respondents opined that recreational activities could generate income for the state's economy. They perceived that the assistance provided by the government could help recover the present state to its original condition. Among the elements that needed special attention and improvement were related to the safety of visitors, the cleanliness of the surrounding recreation sites, the landscape beautification and basic infrastructure facilities. Among the roles that the government could contribute to stimulating and uplifting the tourism and recreation sectors include funding and finance allocation to help the industry players, promotion and publicity, upgrading and maintenance of facilities such as infrastructures and enforcement of related laws and policies. Reviving the local tourism is promising as long as the public observe the state's Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).


Differentiation of syndrome is core of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). While sometimes differentiation of syndrome is unavailable, this always resulted from the limited of practitioner's skill and the method, as well as there is no clear cute for differentiation of syndrome objectively. In order to avoid the dilemma of differentiation of syndrome unavailable, the clinical practitioner should pay attention to disease pathology, disease evil, Meridian-differentiation of Shanghanlun. And the connotation of TCM disease and Micro-differentiation of syndrome also should be highly focused on, because the TCM disease sometimes is an important complementarity for differentiation of syndrome, while Micro-differentiation of syndrome sometime could be an objective evidence for differentiation of syndrome unavailable. In a word, differentiation of syndrome unavailable do exist, the connotation of differentiation of syndrome should be more rich.


PURPOSE: A marketing agent method and a system for the same are provided to enable a user to receive customized information among various information by using an intelligent agent service under the web and mobile environment so that it makes one-to-one or customized marketing. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises steps of a user driving an agent program as well as a web browser(S1), the user navigating over web sites or WAP support sites(S2), outputting a target home page on a display(S3), making the agent program monitor navigation processes and requesting a URL on a corresponding web site to an information provision server(S4), asking a marketing knowledge on the corresponding site of the information provision server(S5), requesting a corresponding rule if the information provision server has the marketing knowledge on the corresponding site(S6), the information provision server analyzing requests from the user(S7,S8), the server extracting optimal marketing knowledge or data from a database(S9), and the server offering the extracted marketing knowledge or data to the user(S10,S11).


We used Hypermesh and Pam-Crash software to build a finite element model of the vehicle and simulated the process of vehicle in both frontal crash and 40% offset deformable barrier crash and compared and verified the results of deceleration time history curve of column B between the simulation and ground test.The result of simulation agreed with that of ground test.Also we studied the crashworthiness of body structure based on the original model and proposed some measures which were effective for improved structure design in vehicle offset crash.


An investigation on the heat transfer within a radiatively heated laminar particle-laden flow was performed using the spatially and temporally-resolved laser-induced phosphorescence (LIP) technique. It was found that particle concentration is higher near the edge of the jet (r/D ≈ 0.5) as compared to the jet axis. This non-uniform particle concentration distribution was found to have a direct impact on particle temperatures, Tp, likely due to the effects of inter-particle re-radiation. Additionally, it was found that the radiative heating of the particles induces complex phenomenon such as buoyancy, re-radiation, and clustering, even for this simple laminar flow field. These results are internally consistent and extremely repeatable, justifying the need for further investigation.


An environmental light sculpture with screenlike architectural units which interact with moving light and shadow to create a complex spatial environment. The environment involves movement and change and has many possibilities and configurations rather than one fixed view. It evolved from an installation to a performance in which the audience was invited to enter and move through the space. The written thesis has two sections: 1) An art historical section concerning spatial environments in painting, sculpture, and architecture, stressing those dealing with light and illusion. There is also a brief history of recent environmental uses of light. 2) A description and photographic documentation of the thesis project which records its evolution, installation, and performance, with conclusions regarding possible future directions. Thesis Supervisor: Robert Preusser Title: Professor of Visual Design


In 2007, a big financial tsunami occurred due to the U.S. Sub-prime crisis. Because of wrong investments, many TSE and OTC companies in Taiwan faced the financial crisis problems. The management of these companies became difficult. The objective of this study is to propose a prediction financial model to analysis and validate the probability of the financial crisis in an enterprise. We retrieved all the financial crisis events from 1992 to 2008 in the TEJ database, and integrated them with one year financial information of the specified companies before the event occurred. We also randomly selected 1:1 pairing information of the same period and the companies of the same industry. In this study, we proposed a financial crisis prediction model based on the Logit Regression intervention model. In our proposed model, we have three independent variables and one dependence variable. The independent variables are the distance to default in the market based models (Merton model), the variable in the accounting based models (Z-Score、AFC), and the Beta value of the companies. We use the occurrence of the financial crisis as the dependent variable. We plan to check the modules produced the effective information to predict which company falls into financial crisis and reaction of marketing information changes by the minimum set of variables. By using our model, we can improve the drawbacks of the previous studies, which required large among of data. Then the market based models are better than accounting based models. Also, we found the bankruptcy is not predicted by a systematic risk.


In Copyright and E-Learning, A Guide for Practitioners, Jane Secker and Chris Morrison provide guidance to educational practitioners working with copyright content. While the book is particularly of use to those in the HE sector, this guide offers a holistic, timely and useful overview of the most pertinent copyright issues affecting education today, writes Emily Stannard.


The solid model of orbiting and fixed scroll is created by the Solidworks The deformation and stress of scrolls under gas force, temperature field, inertia force and the coupling field are analyzed using the Ansys software. The deformation for different thickness and height scroll tooth is investigated. The laws of deformation and stress for scrolls are gotten. The research results indicate that the stress and deformation of orbiting scroll are mainly affected by the temperature field. The maximum deformation occurs in the tooth head of scroll wrap because of the largest gas forces and the highest temperature in the tooth head of scroll wrap. The maximum stress is located in the end of the tooth, and the maximum stress of the coupling field is not the sum of loads. The scroll tooth is higher, and the deformation is bigger. The scroll tooth is thicker, and the deformation is smaller.


This study was conducted to determine the forces sustained by the lumbar ligaments under flexion-compression using a two-dimensional equilibrium model. The lumbar motion segment was modeled as two rigid bars representing the vertebrae separated by springs simulating the ligaments and disc. L2-L4 was the stiffest segment followed by L4-S1 and T12-L2 levels. The supraspinous ligament (SSL) was the major load resistor in the L2-L4 level and the joint capsule (JC) in other levels. Average forces at all levels indicated that the system composed of the SSL and the interspinous ligament followed by the JC sustained the highest forces under compression-flexion.


Renewable energy generation need to be accelerated to battle climate change and depletion of fossil fuel resources. Innovation to design wind recovery system which are efficient is vital to contribute green energy production. Many advancements in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) were made over the years however, it is still not as efficient as conventional turbines, and some countries does not have the luxury of strong consistent wind throughout the year. Therefore, this study focuses on extracting wind energy from unnatural sources, specifically for cooling tower exhaust air energy recovery. In this study, cycloidal diffuser with different shroud lengths was used to study the performance of a 3-bladed H-Darrieus VAWT (HDWT) with S-1046 airfoils under accelerated wind conditions in a 3-dimensional numerical study using shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model. The cycloidal diffuser with shroud length of 0.48D increased the HDWT power coefficient by 26.66% compared to the bare HDWT at tip speed ratio of 2.0. Aerodynamics around the energy extractor system was also discussed and this investigation has provided good understanding of the flow behaviour of the wind augmented HDWT under cooling tower exhaust air.


Letter to C. W. Bryant outlining new program of D.O.D. to require military contractors to use VE techniques and relating plans to work with military department management in accelerating VE in these departments at GE.


Cooking characteristics of ninety five non-glutinous and twenty six glutinous varieties were checked for understanding the varietal variation and interrelationship between the cooking and physicochemical properties of rice grain. The greatest variation in non-glutinous and glutinous rice varieties was observed in iodine blue value and the next large variation was recognized in amount of soluble solid in cooking water. Average values of volume expansion rate, iodine blue value and amounts of soluble solid in cooking water were different among domestic-bred japonica, Korean local and foreign rice varieties. Korean-bred japonica rice cultivars can be classified into several groups having same cooking quality such as , , , , and by the distribution on the plane of 1st and 2nd principal components contracted from four cooking characteristics. Glutinous rice cultivars can be grouped into several different cooking quality types such as , , , , , and by the same analysis. Positive correlation was found between volume expansion rate and water absorption rate at 21℃. Iodine blue value was correlated negatively with amounts of soluble solid, and positively with amylose content in non-glutinous rices. In glutinous rices volume expansion rate showed positive relationship with iodine blue value, amounts of soluble solid and gel consistency. Iodine blue value was also positively correlated with alkali digestion value in glutinous rice.


This paper addresses the aspects of a new enterprise wide software enenvironment Today companies expend millions of dollars transmitting data from one phase of the life cycle to another. This is because data generated in one phase must be regenerated in another phase by different software tools. The Common Integrated Enterprise Enviroment (CIEE) mitigates this problem.