A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson was carried out in WH {yields} {ell}{nu}b{bar b} process in p{bar p} collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV, where W, H, {ell}, {nu}, b and p denote either a W{sup +} or W{sup -} boson, Higgs boson, lepton (electron or muon), neutrino, bottom quark and proton, respectively. The data were collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab from February 2002 to August 2004. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 319 pb{sup -1}. We select events containing a single high-p{sub T} electron or muon, a large imbalance of the total transverse energy from a neutrino and two b quark jets. The main backgrounds are the W + light flavor/gluon jets and W + heavy flavor jets processes. Requiring the secondary vertex b-tagging enables us to reject the W + light flavor/gluon jets events effectively. After all event selections, they observe 187 events which is in agreement with the Standard Model background expectation of 175.2 {+-} 26.3 events, and there is no significant excess originating from the Higgs boson in the reconstructed dijet invariant mass distribution. They thus set a 95% confidence level upper limit on the production cross section times more » branching ratio decaying into bb, {sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} W H) x Br(H {yields} b{bar b}). The detection efficiency for the W H events, which is necessary for calculating the upper limit, is determined by the Monte Carlo except for the lepton identification efficiency, the lepton trigger efficiency and the b-tagging efficiency which are estimated from the CDF real data. The resultant 95% confidence level upper limits are 10.0 pb to 2.8 pb using at least one b-tagging method and 9.7 pb to 6.6 pb using double b-tagging method for the Higgs boson mass region 110 GeV/c{sup 2} to 150 GeV/c{sup 2}, where the Standard Model prediction is approximately one or two order of magnitude lower than the results. « less


The flame front area is an important parameter to quantify the heat release rate. However, the limitations imposed by the measuring instruments and the measurement methodologies make it difficult to determine the flame front position in an image. This work introduces a method to detect and optimize the flame front boundary. A high‐speed camera was employed to continuously capture the flame images. By setting appropriate intensity thresholds, the impact noise can be eliminated from the image and the flame front boundary can be determined. The binary diagram of the image was morphologically processed to obtain the normalized area fluctuations of the flame front in a temporally resolved manner. Two flame types and combustion regimes were studied. A LABVIEW‐based program was used for the synchronous triggering of the camera, the photomultiplier, and the microphones. The normalized area and photomultiplier output signals of a multiple flame burner obtained within the same period were compared and combined with the spectrum information from the microphone in the cavity. The trend charts were investigated in terms of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed a strong correlation, thereby verifying the feasibility of this method.


This paper based on the practice of construction of financial expenditure performance evaluation mechanism in Luohe city,aim is how to construct better evaluation mechanism,in order to strengthen the financial expenditure management and supervision to improve the financial efficiency and benefit.


This paper provides empirical evidence of the link between countries' cultural factors and innovation performance. By defining innovation process in a knowledge production framework it uses conditional and unconditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models together with data from the European Innovation Scoreboard for the year 2007 and Hofstede's cultural indexes. In this way it models and measures the effect of cultural values on 25 European countries' innovation efficiency levels. The empirical results reveal that national culture can impact countries' innovation performance. Specifically, we find significant negative effects on countries' innovation efficiency levels for countries with higher power distance and uncertainty avoidance values.


The present invention relates to a rotor body for a laboratory centrifuge (3) having a rotor hub (14) in the central opening of charged, the rotor hub extends outside at least one helical curved, continuous concave shaped portion (27), forming the recessed portion is formed along the axis of the rotor acts in the direction of (2) on the top side of the rotor (1) between (23) and a bottom side (22), for cold air delivery mechanism. In this manner, axially through the rotor can be achieved (1), the rotor (1) for cold air flow and direct heat exchange material in the mixture to be treated in a laboratory centrifuge. These actions without additional installation can be achieved and the volume of a rotor and a housing receiving the rotor temperature uniform.


Following bell hooks, I argue that Western and Muslim relations have operated through a civilising/terrorising binary. This framework enables acts of terror to be projected onto the bodies of Muslims whose presence is perceived as a threat to the 'civilised' world which must, therefore, be contained through any means possible. This article disrupts the civilising/terrorising binary by arguing that white terror is active in the schema of the 'War on Terror' and advances a conceptual framework for its operation that I term the 'Concentrationary Gothic.' Drawing on empirical evidence from 26 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted between 2010-11 in Leeds and Bradford in England, this article challenges conceptions of Muslims as a 'threatening Other' by exploring how Muslims experience terror in the post-9/11 context. I develop the concentrationary as a conceptual tool alongside the Gothic to examine how features of the Gothic—the monster, hauntings and the spectral, and abjected states—intersect with the state of exception to advance a complex investigation of the culture of fear discussed by participants and its effects on their lives in contemporary Britain.


INTRODUCTION Probably no line of investigation is more promising for throwing light on adsorption and exchange of bases by soil colloids than the study of their electrokinetic behavior. The relation between the two phenomena is at once shown by the way the nature of the adsorbed and exchangeable base affects the electrical charge of the soil particles. The tendency to establish a difference of potential at the interface between particles and a solution is, according to the generally accepted view, dependent upon the ability of the material to adsorb, or to dissociate from its surface, ions of one sign of charge more strongly than ions of the opposite charge. This unequal distribution of ions


The well-known relation for the angular divergence of beams diffracted from a perfect crystal in an asymmetric diffraction condition is derived straightforwardly from first principles.


A usability lab was originally a testing room and an observation room separated by a oneway mirror. For a formal usability test, a single user is brought into the testing room, which, in addition to the software product to be tested, contains video cameras and microphones for recording sessions. After the test, the usability expert's analysis of the videotape is reported to the developers. Current usability practice is much more diverse, and has changed from being an addon to the development process to becoming an integrated part of it. Usability work encompasses a broad range of activities, including field studies of work practice, cooperative prototyping, user workshops, and post-release tests. Today's usability practitioners aim at creating a realistic context of use for these activities by working outside the conventional lab, or by equipping the lab with documents, tools, and other elements from the users' daily environment. The lab suite in its original form is playing a steadily decreasing role. Usability work is becoming a cooperative


In this day, in the age of big data, consumers leave an easily traceable digital footprint whenever they visit a website online. Firms are interested in capturing the digital footprints of their consumers to understand and predict consumer behavior. This study deals with how big data analytics has been used in the domains of information systems, operations management, and healthcare . We also discuss the future potential of big data applications in these domains (especially in the areas of cloud computing, Internet of Things and smart city, predictive manufacturing and 3‐D printing, and smart healthcare) and the associated challenges. In this study, we present a framework for applications of big data in these domains with the goal of providing some interesting directions for future research.


consigned swiftly enough to the dustbin of history. The widespread acceptance accorded to Erving Goffman's (1961) chillingly explicit equation of the mental hospital and the concentration camp accurately reflects, I think, the depths to which the asylum's reputation has sunk. In the circumstances, it is perhaps unsurprising that recent shifts in social provision for the chronically crazy should have been greeted initially with such general and unqualified enthusiasm. After all, the fundamental thrust of the new policies has been toward deinstitutionalization-the deemphasis, if not elimination, of the state-run dumps in which long-stay patients have traditionally been housed. And according


This study was carried out in order to gain an understanding of work engagement among bus drivers in Zimbabwe. The study seeks to assess work engagement, job satisfaction, happiness and burnout in terms of relationships, significant differences and lived experiences among bus drivers in Harare (Zimbabwe). Further investigation is done to determine whether job demands and job resources are strong predictors for the relationship between work engagement, happiness, job satisfaction and burnout. Thus findings in this study are significant in that they provide insight into the well-being of bus drivers and its impact on employee work engagement. The study entails a mixed method to research. For the qualitative part of this study semi structured interviews were be used in data collection. Questionnaires are used for the quantitative part of the study. The research instruments were based on the stated objectives as a guide of what to include and leave in the research instrument. For the Questionnaires, the shortened version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), the Work-related Flow inventory (WOLF), the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and the Job Demands Resources Scale and is adopted.
Results showed practically and statistically significant positive relationships between variables of work engagement, work happiness, job satisfaction and job resources. However, burnout had practically and statistically significant negative relationships, of medium effect, with variables of work engagement, work happiness and job satisfaction. A possible explanation for this is that when employees withdraw mentally as a result of burnout, their work engagement levels will decrease. Job demands and job resources are strong predictors
of work engagement, work happiness, job satisfaction and burnout. A possible explanation for the results is the organisational citizenship and commitment among the employees. Results indicated that all the demographic variables (such as different age groups, education level attained, tenure, bus ranks and marital status) had a significant difference with regards to total work engagement, job satisfaction, overall happiness, overall job resources and overall burnout. The bus drivers were engaged, happy and satisfied with their jobs in spite of the stressors. A possible explanation of the results could be the buffering effect job resources had on job demands. The tickets from the police', peak hours' and bad weather were sum of the stressors leading to burnout. However, positive attitudes and stress coping strategies led the bus drivers to be happy in spite of the stressors. Themes such as good working environment, socialising at work and supportive co- workers emerged on job resources. A limitation of the present study is its cross-sectional character. However, despite these limitations, the present findings have important implications for both future research and practice. For instance future research should be longitudinal. Furthermore future research…


AIM: To investigate the effects of in situ transplantation of mobilized autologous bone marrow stem cells on infarction size and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS:25 patients with first acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into stem cells in situ transplantation group and control group, 12 patients in stem cells in situ transplantation group were injected subcutaneously with 300 μg granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) daily for four days in addition to standard therapy. 13 patients in control group were treated with standard therapy alone. The conventional 12 leads electrocardiogram were recorded on 1, 28 days after admission and the cardiac function was scored by the QRS scoring system proposed by Wagner. Furthermore, the infarction size was assessed by radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging 7, 28 days after admission. RESULTS:4 weeks after admission, the QRS scores decreased, the infarction size reduced significantly in the stem cells in situ transplantation group (from 36.0%±8.3% to 18.0%±5.8%, P0.05) compared with the standard therapy group (P0.05). CONCLUSION:In situ transplantation of autologous bone marrow stem cells mobilized by G-CSF can repair the infracted myocardium, reduce infarction size and improve cardiac function.


Based on the current construction of innovative service image of university libraries in western China,this paper analyzes the conditions for implementing the library innovation,and probes into the practices of and implementing strategies for the service innovation of university libraries in western China from aspects of the service concept,service mode,management environment,resources construction,technology application,and talent cultivation mode,etc.


"Much less information is available on migration differentials by marital status than by sex and age, and most discussions of the former are less systematic in their coverage" (UN, 1973 : 182). This appears to be no less appropriate to migration studies in India than anywhere else. Apart from brief discussions by Zachariah (1968). Majumdar (1977) and Kothari (1980), hardly any migration analyst has ever sought to analyse the marital status characteristics of migrants in India, as is obvious from a recent survey of the literature on population mobility in India (Singh. 1980). At the regional level, a study of this kind is still non-existent. This study is a modest attempt towards filling that gap. In the main, this paper attempts to examine two hypotheses with regard to marital status characteristics of migrants : Firstly, rural to urban migrants are more likely to be single than married, and the single are more likely to be male than female. Secondly, ever-married women tend to be more mobile than ever-married men. With a view to offering a comparative analysis, this study has concentrated on three Indian states Bihar, West Bengal and Kerala. It will be evident from the discussion that although marital status differentials in migration are largely determined by regional social and cultural correlates, certain characteristics of migrants cut across the boundary of regional variations.


In the era of the Anthropocene, environmental change is accelerating biodiversity loss across ecosystems on Earth, among which freshwaters are likely the most threatened. Different biodiversity facets in the freshwater realm suffer from various environmental changes that jeopardize the ecosystem functions and services important for humankind. In this work we examine how environmental changes (e.g., climate change, eutrophication, or invasive species) affect trait-based, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of biological communities. We first developed a simple conceptual model of the possible relationships between environmental change and these three diversity facets in freshwaters and, secondly, systematically reviewed articles where these relationships had been investigated in different freshwater ecosystems. Finally, we highlighted research gaps from the perspectives of organisms, ecosystems, stressors, and geographical locations. Our conceptual model suggested that both natural factors and global change operating at various spatial scales influence freshwater community structure and ecosystem functioning. The relationships between biodiversity and environmental change depend on geographical region, organism group, spatial scale, and environmental change gradient length. The systematic review revealed that environmental change impacts biodiversity patterns in freshwaters, but there is no single type of biodiversity response to the observed global changes. Natural stressors had different, even contradictory, effects (i.e., multiple, negative, and positive) on biodiversity compared with anthropogenic stressors. Anthropogenic stressors more often decreased biodiversity, although eutrophication and climate change affected freshwater ecosystems in a complex, more multi-dimensional way. The research gaps we identified were related, for example, to the low number of community-based biodiversity studies, the lack of information on true phylogenies for all freshwater organism groups, the missing evaluations whether species traits are phylogenetically conserved, and the geographical biases in research (i.e., absence of studies from Africa, Southern Asia, and Russia). We hope that our review will stimulate more research on the less well-known facets and topics of biodiversity loss in highly vulnerable freshwater ecosystems.


People living with HIV who have a history of active tuberculosis (TB) have a significant risk of recurrence of the disease, investigators report in the online edition of Clinical Infectious Diseases.


EARLY coincident with the publication of the article by Hedenfalk et al. 1 in this issue of the Journal are reports of the complete DNA sequence of the human genome. 2,3 This remarkable point in biomedical history marks the beginning of an era in which we expect to learn the molecular basis of all human diseases. How long this will take is uncertain, but the boundaries of the problem are now clear. The increasing understanding of molecular medicine will shift clinical practice from empirical treatment to therapy based on a molecular taxonomy of disease. Physicians will be prescribing rationally designed drugs that have increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. The need for such new treatment is particularly evident in oncology. Although the clinical and pathological heterogeneity of cancer has long been recognized , the mainstay of cancer therapy remains non-specific cytotoxic drugs that are effective only in some patients, yet cause side effects in most. Historically, the molecular pathogenesis of cancer has been elucidated one gene at a time. Now we have entered a new phase, wherein methods of analyzing thousands of genes at a time can be brought to bear on the challenges of diagnosis and treatment. This evolving strategy will be able to determine whether variations in gene sequences correlate with the response to chemotherapy. In addition, new methods using DNA microarrays now permit the simultaneous measurement of the level of expression of thousands of genes in a tumor sample (transcriptional profiling). Recent studies have demonstrated the use of DNA microarrays to subclassify leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, and breast cancer according to the innate gene-expression profile of the tumor. 4-7 In this issue of the Journal, Hedenfalk and colleagues report the use of transcriptional profiling to obtain the molecular signatures left by mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in patients with breast cancer. 1 A substantial proportion of cases of early-onset, famil-ial breast cancer are due to a mutation of BRCA1 or BRCA2, whereas such mutations are rare in cases of sporadic breast cancer. Nevertheless, it is possible that these sporadic cancers arise from disturbances of molecular pathways in which BRCA1 and BRCA2 participate. The finding of histopathological differences and differences in the expression of estrogen and pro-gesterone receptors between tumors with a BRCA1 mutation and tumors with a BRCA2 mutation supports the idea that these two classes of breast cancers are molecularly distinct. Hedenfalk et al. used complementary DNA (cDNA) …


Background
Breast cancer (bca) is the type of cancer most frequently diagnosed among women in Canada. Breast cancer is categorized into various molecular subtypes by the expression of estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pgr), and her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). Currently, Canada has no national cancer registry with epidemiology data by subtype. Thus, we conducted a study to determine incidence, survival, and clinicopathologic characteristics by bca subtype [triple negative breast cancer (tnbc); her2+; and hormone receptor-positive (hr+), her2-] in Canadian women newly diagnosed with bca.

Methods
Female patients diagnosed between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2016 (fiscal 2012-2015) were identified in the Ontario Cancer Registry, and individual patient data were linked to data in provincial health administrative databases. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier curves were generated.

Results
In this cohort, 3277 women (9.5%) had tnbc, 4902 (14.3%) had her2+ bca, and 22,247 (64.8%) had hr+, her2-breast cancer. The annual incidence was 15 per 100,000 for the tnbc group, 21-23 per 100,000 for the her2+ group, and 97-105 per 100,000 for the hr+, her2- group. The lowest median overall survival (mos) of 8.9 months was observed in women with clinical stage iv tnbc. In comparison, the mos was 37.3 months in those with her2+ disease and 35.2 months in those with and hr+, her2- metastatic bca.

Conclusions
In the present study, the most recent and largest administrative database analysis of a Canadian population to date, we observed a subtype distribution consistent with previously reported data, together with comparable annual incidence and overall survival patterns.


Spectral unmixing pursues the identification of spectrally pure constituents, called endmembers, and their corresponding abundances in each pixel of a hyperspectral image. Most unmixing techniques have focused on the exploitation of spectral information alone. Recently, some techniques have been developed to take advantage of the complementary information provided by the spatial correlation of the pixels in the image. Computational complexity represents a major problem in these spatial-spectral techniques, as hyperspectral images contain very rich information in both the spatial and spectral domains. In this letter, we develop a computationally efficient implementation of a spatial-spectral processing algorithm that has been successfully applied prior to the spectral unmixing of the hyperspectral data. Our implementation has been optimized for the commodity graphics processing units (GPUs) and is evaluated (using both synthetic and real data) using different GPU architectures. Significant speedups can be achieved when processing hyperspectral images of different sizes. This allows for the inclusion of the proposed parallel preprocessing module in a full hyperspectral unmixing chain able to operate in real time.


This study aimed to evaluate different recovery techniques of oocytes and the duration time between ovary collection and processing in the laboratory on the quality and quantity of Simmental cross bovine oocytes in vitro maturation. A total of 75 bovine ovaries were divided into three groups. Experiment-1; the storage duration of ovaries were 6, 9 and 12 h. Experiment -2; the techniques for oocytes recovery were slicing, aspiration and slicing + aspiration. The ovaries were collected from slaughterhouse and kept in saline solution during transportation to laboratory. A total of 136 oocytes were used for experiment-1, and 246 oocytes for experiment-2. This study found that the number and quality of oocytes were significantly different (P<0.05) as the effect of storage time. The average number of oocytes were 15.90±2.48; 17.10±1.38 and 13.60±3.00, in 6 h; 9 h and 12 h of storage time, respectively. The techniques of oocytes collection significantly (P<0.05) affect the quantity of oocytes but no significant (P>0.05) on oocytes quality. The average of oocytes of groups slicing, aspiration and slicing plus aspiration were 14.66±2.09; 9.46±2.99 and 16.40±6.86, respectively. Both experiment was significant effect (P<0.05) on immaturation rate of bovine. Conclusion of this study the storage time of ovaries was suitable in 9 h and the technique of oocytes collection was in slicing plus aspiration.


This report explains the construction procedure of the spherical tanks of a Hitachi Zosen-CBI spherical tank LNG carrier. Two spherically curved shell plates which are formed by newly developed pressing dies are joined together first. Then these parts are assembled in horizontal rings. These rings are assembled one by one to complete a spherical tank. After testing, insulation work is carried out. Each tank is lifted by a floating crane to be installed on a double hull type LNG carrier. Then tank fixing and remaining insulation work are carried out.


In general, a good interaction including communication can be achieved when verbal and non-verbal information such as body movements, gestures, facial expressions, can be processed in two directions between the speaker and listener. Especially the facial expression is one of the indicators of the inner state of the speaker and/or the listener during the communication. Therefore, recognizing the facial expressions is necessary and becomes the important ability in communication. Such ability will be a challenge for the visually impaired persons. This fact motivated us to develop a facial recognition system. Our system is based on deep learning algorithm. We implemented the proposed system on a wearable device which enables the visually impaired persons to recognize facial expressions during the communication. We have conducted several experiments involving the visually impaired persons to validate our proposed system and the promising results were achieved.


The post mortem interval (PMI) is important in investigations of homicides and other untimely deaths. The postmortem changes in physical or biological of the dead body can provide useful and most reliable PMI indicators. However, as the time since death progress, that information became less useful and more accurate results are often obtained using ecological information. It has long been discovered that the minimum PMI (mPMI) can be estimated by calculating the most developed larvae on the dead body [1]. There are several factors that can affect the body decomposition and insects' composition on carrion, such as scene context (indoor, outdoor) [2], body position (hanging, burial depth) [3-4], body condition (burned, cause of death, etc.) [5], and individual characteristics of the cadaver (age, sex, body weight, and microbiome) [6]. All these factors can change the rate of decomposition, insect succession, and insect composition. It was known that insects can colonized dead bodies in several different locations [7] including in poorly accessible environments [8], though insects have different abilities to access corpses indoors. This is based on a comparative study conducted in Hawaii where it was reported that there are markedly different species composition found between inand outdoor cases. From the study, a total of 22 species found in outdoor cases and only five species found in indoor cases. These five species also found in outdoor cases [8]. Corpses in houses or apartments are frequently found in late stages of decay infested by larvae of family Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae and Phoridae [9]. In this scenario, PMI calculations can be complicated as it is unclear when the flies found the body and start laying eggs [10]. ABSTRACT


Nowadays powerful digital image editing software makes image modification possible. There are many image processing and computer graphics techniques to manipulate images. This undetermines our trust in photographs. So a forgery detection method is proposed that uses inconsistencies in the color of illumination. This method is applicable to images containing two or more persons and no human interaction for tampering decision. For this, first compute the illuminant estimate of similar regions of the image. Then from the illuminant estimate textural and gradient features are extracted which are given to a machine learning approach for decision- making automatically. The illuminant color is estimated using a statistical gray world method and for extracting textural features, SASI is used. The gradient features are extracted using LoG feature extraction method. Log focuses on regions of high intensity change and it gives better result than any other feature extraction algorithms. These features are combined using a machine learning approach. For this, a SVM classifier is used. Thus photographic forgery can be detected.


The analysis result in college Surakarta shows that there is 42 college in evaluasi.dikti.go.id. Base on 42 colleges which are taken for sampling with confidence interval 70% , it results 9 colleges. The results of analysis shows that the user is quite satisfied with distribution scale 2.18. It is resulted from the simple linear regression model Y= 2.0617+0.0025x. The constant 2.0617 means bandwidth is also still constant with the value 2.0617. The satisfaction of Coefficient value to ward the internet user is 0.0025. It means that there is an  each increasing bandwidth of internet user 1(kbps). Therefore, it causes 0.0025 satisfaction increasing value. The conclusion of this research is bandwidth capacity that less than 145 kbps categories as quite satisfied, 180-460 kbps is satisfied and  more 495 kbps is very satisfied. Mikrotik and  proxy are management bandwidth used in college at Surakarta


Currently there are few tripartite Authenticated Key Exchange(AKE) protocols which have a formal security proof.Aiming at this problem,this paper investigates the security model for the tripartite AKE protocols.A strong security model named enhanced CanettiKrawczyk(eCK) model for two-party AKE protocols is proposed.A strong security model for three-party AKE protocols is introduced which generalizes the eCK model for two-party setting,and the insider attack is taken into account.It presents a new tripartite AKE protocol and shows that the protocol is provably secure in the strong security model.


Computation offloading has been widely used to improve the energy consumption and completion time for standalone apps in mobile-cloud platforms. However, existing approaches have not been designed for distributed mobile-cloud apps and, thus, they are unable to provide effective solutions for such apps that have job and device dependencies, specific to their distributed nature. This paper presents CASINO, a dynamic and collaborative computation offloading framework which employs distributed profiling, decision making, and job execution to achieve an optimized completion time of the distributed computation. CASINO's main component is its job scheduler that works in real-time and considers the global resource conditions and job/device dependencies in order to generate an optimized job schedule for a distributed app. We validated this scheduler by using simulated albeit realistic data. We also built a prototype of CASINO and evaluated it using a proof-of-concept distributed app. The results show that CASINO can significantly improve the computation latency when compared to solutions that execute all offloadable jobs on mobile devices or in the cloud.


Giddens sets up an integrated modern ideological system of which discontinuity is the chief trait of the modernity.Capitalism,industrialism,modern supervision machinery and military power are the systematic dimensions of such modernity.Separation of time and space,disembodying mechanism and reflective supervision,on the other hand,exert a driving force for the modernity.The high globalization of modernity has therefore brought about the world capitalist economic system,national system,the world military order and international labor division system. The expansion of modernity in the end will bring the human being into a risky society.A Utopian realistic strategy of getting rid of the risky society is to eliminate poverty,restore the environment,oppose autocracy and reduce armed force and violence of the social life.


The design of finger pads for robotic and prosthetic hands is often overlooked, with relatively simple shapes and mechanical properties typically used. The finger pad geometry and mechanical properties are especially important for within-hand dexterous manipulation, and human finger usage patterns suggest extending robotic finger pad usage onto side surfaces could enable a wider range of manipulation motion. In this work, we propose a novel finger pad design that combines a ridged stiff inner structure with air gaps and a flexible outer skin to facilitate both grasp stability and versatile usage of the finger surface. The air gaps enable objects to displace the outer skin and stably settle between two adjacent ridges. During manipulation, the ridges can also serve as predictable pivot points. Experimental results comparing three ridged finger designs to a conventional solid core design show that the ridged designs consistently outperform the reference solid core design for all objects, in terms of the ability to stably manipulate objects through a large motion range without ejection (losing grip on the object). Designs with larger spaces between ridges performed better overall than designs with closer spacing, showing that larger "wells" allow objects to more stably settle into the space between ridges. We anticipate the novel finger pad designs and the analysis of their behavior will inform future robotic hand designs, especially designs which aim to incorporate side finger usage.


Nanosilver is a type of metallic silver nanoparticles and has a particle size of 1-100 nm. The method used in the synthesis of nanosilver is a chemical reduction method with silver metal precursor AgNO3 and a bioreductant of binahong leaf extract containing flavonoid compounds. This study aims to obtain the duration, temperature and optimum point in the synthesis of nanosilver with the bioreductant of binahong leaf extract using the sonication method. This type of research is purely experimental with a 2x2 factorial design. The nanosilver characterization was conducted by determining the optimum wavelength and the transmittance value of the nanosilver formed. The effect of temperature and duration of sonication on the wavelength and % transmittance of the synthesized nanosilver in this study were analyzed by ANOVA statistical test using the Minitab 19 application with a 95% confidence level. In this study, the temperature and duration of sonication as well as their interactions have an effect on the transmittance response. The statistical results of the model have a significant effect on the % transmittance response only with p-value <0.05. The optimum point was found in the synthesis of nanosilver with the bioreductant of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) using a 2x2 factorial design, namely at a sonication temperature of 80°C for 10 minutes, a sonication temperature of 70oC for 15 minutes and a sonication temperature of 80oC for 15 minutes.


This study examines the Nemeth (1986) model of minority influence in a field study of natural work-groups. Confederares (who were also permanenr members of the ongoing, interacting groups) served as designated minority influence agents during the 10-week study. Results demonstrated that experimental groups engaged in more divergent thinking and developed more original products than control groups. Minoriry influence groups did not experience more social conflict than control groups. Contrary to expectations, minority influence agents received higher peer ratings than other group members. Exploratory analysis of qualitative data, however, indicates that the role of a minoriry influence agenr is stressful. Results are discussed in terms of managing the minority influence process in organizations in order to facilitate divergent thinking and originaliry while protecting agents from excessive personal strain.


The concepts of the undirected and directed decompositions are introduced for a hyperedge.Then, the recursive formulas of the underected decomposition set SD(m) and directed decomposition set SPD(m) are derived for an m-vertex hyperedge.Furthermore,the recursive formulas of their cardinalities|SD(m)|and |SPD(m)| are yielded.


The reaction of amines with either Chydroxy-(1) or 4-chlo-rocournarin (2) results in the formation of N-substituted Cami-nocoumarins'"). The reactions of 1 or 2 with amines give sometimes mixtures of the substituted Caminocoumarins and the corresponding 2-substituted phenols, due to the opening of the lactone However, only the desired 4-ami-nocoumarins have been obtained in some case^^*^-^). On the other hand, 1 reacted with ammonium acetate in boiling acetic acid") but the allegedly formed 4-aminocourmarin (3a) has been put to further transformations without isolation. The same reaction when carried out by heating in ethylene glycol') afforded 3a in "almost quantitative yield". Treatment of 2 with ammonia leads to o-hydroxyphe-nylpropiolamide and/or benzof~rane-2-carboxamide~*~) instead of 3a. It should be underlined that good yields of N-substituted 4-aminocoumarins (3) can be achieved either by refluxing of 1 in an excess of a highly boiling primaiy (alkyl or aryl) amine4) or by reaction of 2 with a secondary amine at 20"~7**). Our


One technique to provide high data transmission for large number of users in mobile cellular networks is to arrange the network in a multi-hop structure. Multi-hop networks have large channel capacity and can achieve multi-route transmissions. When the information bit streams are transmitted over multiple routes, a route diversity effect would also be possible. In multiroute transmission, we usually require the routing protocols which can make every route condition be equal. The requirement, however, makes the routing algorithm be complex and causes large power consumption. Forward error correction schemes and turbo coding can be far from the strict requirement although they enhance the effect of route diversity. When applying the turbo codes, the receiver should know the channel condition for iterative decoding. Thus we have to consider how to obtain the channel information over the multi-route multi-hop network. Furthermore, the performance would improve when the destination knows the difference of the route reliability. In this paper, we propose the turbo coded multi-route multi-hop networks using parity check bits. By using parity bits, we can easily estimate the channel information in multi-route multi-hop networks. Using numerical examples we show that the proposed scheme improves the performance in additive white Gaussian noise and slow fading channel conditions


Considering the environmental and specific socioeconomic significance of the critically endangered mangrove L. littorea in Sri Lanka, this study was conducted to prepare a vegetative propagation protocol for this species with air layering and stem cuttings. Air layering was conducted with coir dust moistened with distilled water or 0.3% Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution. Stem cuttings were treated with different concentrations of IBA, Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) or Albert solution prior to be transplanted in the potting media. Approximately, 17.5% of the air layered branches produced roots, root initials or callus within 4-26 weeks whereas stem cuttings did not produce adventitious roots within the study period. It is essential to maintain an uninterrupted vascular connection between the area of rooting and the mother plant for adventitious root formation. Although a high phenol concentration was determined in stems, no structural barriers for adventitious root formation were identified in stems. In future research, it is recommended to apply a broader range of rooting hormones and combinations of hormones for stem cuttings to induce the formation of adventitious roots. Air layering was recommended to propagate this critically endangered species as it was the only successful method and is a cost-effective simple technology.


BACKGROUND
Nonaviator fear of flying is a common problem usually managed with behaviorally oriented treatment. The unknown time courses of aspects of anxiety and of physiological response were investigated during a 3-d treatment including flights.

METHODS
Ratings, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV; pNN10, pNN50) of 15 Moderate-Anxious and 9 High-Anxious subjects at critical epochs of treatment and on 2 actual flights, on which 9 Controls participated, were compared.

RESULTS
All subjects took the flights and displayed a remarkably reduced fear when comparing pre- vs. post-treatment ratings. Repeated ratings showed an increase in relaxation and drops in general somatic and cognitive aspects of anxiety during flights. However, cognitive aspects in High-Anxious did not drop to the level of Controls. Level of anxiety was related to cardiovascular activity almost always during treatment and flights, in particular during takeoffs (average maximum HR of 137 bpm in High-Anxious compared to 118 bpm in Moderate-Anxious and 98 bpm in Controls in the first flight). Moderate-Anxious showed no obvious relationship of cardiovascular response to critical flight epochs, but had the lowest HRV on flights.

DISCUSSION
Results indicate that anxiety in Moderate-Anxious is related to flight, but not to single critical epochs of flying, contrary to High-Anxious, for which higher ratings on cognitive aspects of anxiety associated with more physiological load at critical epochs were observed. However, HR and ratings showed a remarkable drop in both treatment groups, in particular in perceived physiological symptoms, indicating that the treatment facilitates coping of fear of flying.


Abstract Between 1902 and 1907, C.R. and Janet Ashbee ran the Guild of Handicraft from Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire, a manufacturing and trade experiment underpinned by utopian ideas. They used sport in the life of the Guild and the wider town in various ways, including the construction of a public swimming pool, the promotion of sports days, and the compilation of sporting songs, while their writings – both public and private – on sport revealed underlying assumptions about a sporting culture that diverged from both the commercial and amateur models of sport that were predominant in Edwardian Britain. This model for sport, based on balance, solidarity, community bonds, and health, was evident in all of their interventions in sport. This article, based on the Ashbees' published and unpublished writings, along with Guild and other archives and newspaper reports, explores this sporting culture.


Two astrophysics missions, Herschel, an observatory mission and Planck, a survey mission, are combined into one program within the long-term science program "Cosmic Vision" of the European Space Agency (ESA). This paper reviews the scientific and mission requirements together with the payload and spacecraft design, and it highlights the adopted model and verification approach and operational aspects of the two spacecraft. Herschel will target the largely unexplored infrared and sub-millimeter part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 60 to 670 microns with three scientific instruments. Planck will systematically image the whole sky with two scientific instruments simultaneously in nine frequency channels between 30 and 900 GHz to unravel the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic background radiation. For both satellites, which will be launched from the European Space Port in Kourou (French Guiana) on a single Ariane 5 launcher in the first half of 2008, the orbits will be Lissajous orbits around the 2nd Lagrange Point L2 of the Earth-Sun system.


# Response to the Pipeline Evaluation {#article-title-2}

Raymond A. Kuthy D.D.S., M.P.H.

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and The California Endowment (TCE), along with each of the participating academic dental institutions, are to be commended for such a monumental undertaking in dental


The year 2013 marks the 50th anniversary celebration of the formation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). It will also be a little more than a decade since the formation of the African Union (AU), which seeks to promote "an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force in global arena". Consequently, the Heads of State declared the year 2013 the Year of Pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance. The 21st Ordinary Session of the Summit of the AU also took place from 19-27th May 2013 under the theme "Pan Africanism and African Renaissance".


1'far-reaching consequences that Spresent population trends have for education, for society, and for our national economy were pointed out by Newton Edwards, professor of education at the University of Chicago, to the editors of state journals of education in their workshop this summer. Professor Edwards cited figures to show that we are following Western Europe and other highly industrialized and urbanized areas into a period of declining population and that only a few major areas of the nation now have net reproduction rates high enough to maintain the population. He emphasized particularly the differential fertility existing between regions of the country, between rural and urban residents, and between people of varying economic and cultural status. Speaking of regional differences in net reproduction rates, Edwards said:


Recent years, some applications of single biometrics recognition have been developed in our lab. This paper summarizes some theories and algorithms involved in those development processes. First, we give some comparison between those biometrics recognition technologies. Then biometrics database we used in the research work is introduced. After this, mainly introduces some common biometrics recognition processes, which are basically include biometrics signal acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, biometrics pattern matching and recognition results. Finally, give a summery about this biometric recognition.


Turneforcidine has been prepared by the oxidation of methyl 7α-hydroxy- 8α-pyrrolizidine-1α-carboxylate to the 7-keto compound and stepwise reduction with hydrogen/platinum and lithium aluminium hydride. 7β- Hydroxy-8α-pyrrolizidine-1β-carboxylic acid is not epimerized by alkali but converted into the stable γ-lactone (VI).


Hybrid Electric Vehicles based on P0 architecture have gained popularity in recent years due to the FE (Fuel Efficiency) improvement and emission reduction benefit it offers, at lesser cost and integration effort compared to other hybrid architectures. Mechanical stress on the P0 electrical machine due to the higher operating loads and dynamics of FEAD (Front End Accessory Drive) system is a major challenge involved in the integration of P0 electrical machine to the powertrain. This paper discusses causes and effects of excessive hub load on P0 electrical machine and measures identified to mitigate the excessive hub load and torsional torque are presented. This paper also describes the measurement setup, experiment and analysis methodology followed for hub load and torsional torque measurement. The measurement involves different vehicle maneuvers in different temperature conditions. Details on how the experiment is derived is also mentioned in this paper.


D. H. Lawrence's destabilization of the Western concept of time and his celebration of its periodic disruption in his non-fictional writings reveal striking similarities with the Deleuzian concept of "untimely" time. For both Lawrence and Deleuze, time is the power of life to evolve, mutate and become — the power that frustrates all attempts at attaining any stability or fixity. Against the tendency in Western thought to suppress and reduce difference to some grounding identity, Deleuze and G...


Dynamic texture tracking is a hot spot problem of computer vision, video surveillance and other areas. This paper presents a dynamic texture real-time tracking method .We first put forward a dynamic texture segmentation method based on level set based. In the method we define the evolution function, use the re-initialization condition to punish in the evolution process and use the optical flow based terminal condition to limit the evolution in order to make the level set more efficient. It overcomes the shortcoming of reinitializing and slow evolution speed problem of level set in the existing methods. In the study of dynamic texture tracking, in order to realize real-time tracking, we use the relevance of adjacent frames to evolution. Experimental results show that the method of real-time tracking of dynamic texture is a very effective. Keywordstracking, dynamic texture, region segmentation, optical flow, level set


Global Hunger Index of 2014 indicates hunger has remarkably improved globally, falling by 39 percent since 1990. Yet, the status of hunger in Africa is 'extremely alarming' as 30 percent of the population is still undernourished.  Hunger is intimately tied to vulnerability to stress which is equally linked to food availability and accessibility. Intersecting challenges of Africa's erratic weather patterns, conflict, weak governance and rising population make daunting the task of food security. Coupled with this the vexing problem of finding the ultimate food paradigm to navigate the unequal exchange in food distribution within the continent. Though two concepts compete for attention as the ultimate paradigm for endogenous food production: food security and food sovereignty. Even so, food security is the dominant approach with immense benefits for the different countries are experimenting with these concepts with startling lack of clarity for a food secure future. This prompts us to ask: can Africa confront this paradigm shift from agricultural trenches of food insularity or build new bridges in food rights for the smallholder farmer? The productive tension underlying this food policy complex could prove to be a 'boon' or 'doom' crisis for agricultural productivity. Food security is a case of ideological subsumption aimed at material consumption. Therefore, is creating virtuous cycles wherein smallholder farmers are pushed to either debt or out of business. Food sovereignty builds resilience, and stability to spur inclusive growth through holistic integration of smallholder farmers leading to eco-efficient allocation of resources. To build resilience of the poor, there must be safety nets geared towards pre-empting shocks rather than being mere reactionary measure. A food secured future will require integration of social safety nets into development policy to reduce lag time in meeting challenges when confronted with climate shocks.


This study aimed at training teachers in facilitating interaction with autistic children, with no or limited functional speech, using digital voice output devices. The nature and transition of different activities (namely the tuck-shop and schedule training activities) before and after teacher training was analysed according to the ACE analysis (Analysing the Communication Environment). The teachers' ability to facilitate the development of the children's communication systems as well as the frequency with which opportunities for interaction were given are also discussed. Two training sessions were given, the first in a group context and the second on an individual basis. Results indicated that teachers benefitted from the training, and that they were able to adapt their training methods. Both individual and group training proved to be necessary, as teachers gained differently from these training sessions. Furthermore, the impact of using a digital speaker in a school context is highlighted.


There is debate about the role of venous outflow obstruction in the etiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Patients with IIH frequently have high pressures in the superior sagittal sinus proximal to stenotic lesions in the lateral sinuses that could be the cause of raised intracranial pressure.1,2⇓ Contrary to this, it has been shown that reducing intracranial pressure by withdrawing CSF reduces intrasinus pressures, implying that the stenoses are a secondary phenomenon.3 Meanwhile IIH has been treated successfully by stenting the lateral sinuses.4,5⇓ So the issue is unresolved. Does stenting simply mitigate an effect of raised intracranial pressure on venous outflow or does it address the cause of raised intracranial pressure itself? With reference to this question, we describe a patient with IIH in whom stenotic lesions in the lateral sinuses resolved following insertion of a lumboperitoneal shunt.

A 29-year-old woman, body mass index 34 kg/m2, presented with a 12-month history of increasing headache. She had a past history of deep vein thrombosis and four miscarriages. Examination …


We validate our theoretical approximations for the mean and variance properties of instantaneous activity estimates obtained via penalized likelihood (PML) dynamic PET reconstructions. We then use these approximations together with their previously derived and validated counterparts for static PET to compare the bias/variance (equivalently resolution/noise) tradeoffs involved in both dynamic and static reconstructions from simulated data. For the dynamic case, the degree of spatial and temporal smoothing is controlled by the spatial and temporal smoothing parameters. For the static case, spatial smoothing is controlled by the spatial smoothing parameter while the degree of temporal smoothing is determined by the number of temporal frames and the amount of interframe overlap. By varying these parameters we were able to compute approximate bias and variances for activity estimates over a large range of spatial and temporal smoothing levels. Theoretical approximations showed that dynamic reconstructions result in lower variance at matched bias levels and vice versa. We also show how spatial resolution can be kept uniform over space and time by applying spatiotemporally varying smoothing and also performing the reconstruction in a transformed time domain. The combination of these results indicate that our penalized ML dynamic PET reconstruction algorithm is capable of outperforming multiframe static reconstructions interms of the bias/variance tradeoff while preserving resolution uniformity in space and time


Objective To explore the value of incremental dynamic CT in the diagnosis of patients with pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma(PSH).Methods The clinical features,radiographic manifestations of 21 patients with PSH were reviewed.Results 6 cases of PSH were confirmed by conventional physical examination,3 cases through the diagnosis of upper respiratory infection,3 cases due to other reasons by operation,1 case through the surgery of lung cancer,and 1 from blood-stained sputum.The CT examination generally revealed the peripherally solitary,well-circumscribed,and round or similarly round nodule with homogeneous density.The average CT value was 23±4 Hu,and the enhanced CT scan showed continuous progressive enhancement with the value of 93±11 Hu in the arterial phase and 112±15 Hu in the venous phase.Conclusion PSH is a rare kind of disease and it mostly occurs in female without particular clinical symptoms.Dynamic contrast enhanced CT can be helpful in the diagnosis of sclerosing hemangioma.


Development of Direct Elemental Speciation in Solid State Materials Using Pulsed Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry Jennifer N. Robertson-Honecker Among the various elemental mass spectrometry techniques, glow discharge mass spectrometry is recognized for its ability to provide direct determination of trace elements present in solid state samples. In the present work, a pulsed glow discharge time of flight mass spectrometry method is developed for the direct speciation of chromium in solid state samples. In initial investigations, time-resolved power perturbation and Langmuir probe studies were undertaken to elucidate the excitation and ionization processes in a pulsed glow discharge plasma. The experimental data provides further insight into the energy transfer processes that occur at different spatial locations and in different temporal regimes of these pulsed glow discharge plasmas. Of greatest interest is the afterpeak regime, in which dissociative recombination between molecular argon ions (Ar2 ) and electrons is thought to be the principal process responsible for emission enhancements. Careful tuning of the operating parameters within this time regime yields the plasma chemistry that favors cluster ion formation. Unique mass spectral features found in the afterpeak permit differentiation between the trivalent and hexavalent forms of chromium, (CrIII) and (CrVI) respectively, in chromium oxide samples.


Aims and method To evaluate the effect of liothyronine administration on the cognitive side-effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 30 participants with major depressive disorder that were suitable candidates for ECT were randomly allocated to either a liothyronine or a placebo group. Participants in the liothyronine group received a daily 50 μg dose for the whole period of receiving ECT starting the day before ECT, whereas the other group received a placebo. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Wechsler Memory Scale – revised (WMS-R) were used for evaluating mood and memory before the first ECT session and after the sixth session (the HRSD was also used after the third session). Results The results indicated that after the sixth ECT session, participants that received liothyronine achieved significantly better scores on the HRSD and WMS-R. Clinical implications Further studies with a larger number of participants, through multicentre research projects, are indicated to obtain adequate data for meta-analysis and systematic review.


Distribution of alternating current density and internal power sources in the cross‐section of curvilinear hollow work pieces under resistance heating are presented in this paper. The calculation is based on an analytical model. The results of analytical calculations are compared with experimental data. The received expression was investigated in a wide range of geometrical parameters.


As the world is experiencing language globalization, English has been playing an important role in this transition. It is important to master English as a language skill in many nonEnglish speaking countries. These learners, have limited authentic English language environment, and Chinese learners face particular challenges because of the differences of cultural and thinking modes. Feature films have been used to help English Language learners to get the opportunities into authentic English environment. This study aims to investigate how watching English feature films impact Chinese college students' perception on English language learning. 131 Chinese college students from different majors participated in this study. These participants completed a five-point Likert-type scale survey with 21 items. Results showed that different major college students have different opinions on how watching feature films impact their English learning. English majors and humanities/social study majors are more likely to agree that watching feature films improve their knowledge of language usage in different context comparing to their peers majored in medical science. Moreover, medical science majors are less likely to agree that watching feature films improve their knowledge of different language usage within a context comparing to other peers. Furthermore, significant differences were found in receptive skill improvement when comparisons across between majors and grades. Except English major and engineering and technology science majors, other general majors agree that watching feature films improves their receptive skill the most when they are freshman or senior, and a significant decrease showed when they are sophomore and junior. Keyword: feature films, Chinese college students, Chinese culture, English learning. Effects of Using Movies in Language Learning 5


We analyze the long-term memory properties of hourly prices of electricity in the Czech Republic between 2009 and 2012. Various statistical properties of these prices are studied, and as the dynamics of electricity prices is dominated by cycles—in particular intraday and daily—we opt for detrended fluctuation analysis, which is well suited to such specific series. We find that electricity prices are non-stationary but strongly mean-reverting, which distinguishes them from prices of other financial assets, which are usually characterized as unit root series. Such behavior is attributed to specific features of electricity, in particular its non-storability. Additionally, we argue that the rapid mean-reversion is due to the principles of electricity spot prices. These properties are shown to be stable across all the years studied.


Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of epinastine hydrochloride tablets after a single oral dose in Chinese Han and Tibetan healthy volunteers.Methods: Ten Han and ten Tibetan healthy volunteers were givien a single dose of 20 mg epinastine hydrochloride tablets orally.The plasma concentrations of epinastine were determined by HPLC method.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.1 software and the statistical analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters of volunteers with different ethnics and genders were performed with SPSS 10.0 software.Results: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Han and Tibetan volunteers were as follows: cmax(53.21±14.23) and(51.39±17.11) ng/ml,t max(1.88±0.36) and(1.98±0.32) h,t1/2(9.32±1.53) and(9.36±1.32) h,AUC0-60(684.62±203.43) and(702.13±157.22) ng·h·ml-1,AUC0-∞(789.53±212.31) and(828.32±244.63) ng·h·ml.Conclusion: The plasma concentration-time curve of epinastine is fitted to a two-compartment open model and there is no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of epinastine between Chinese Han and Tibetan volunteers.


In this note, we show that $O(\log (1/\epsilon))$ rounds of parallel repetition with a threshold suffice to reduce completeness and soundness error to $\epsilon$ for single-prover quantum interactive proof systems. This improves on a previous $O(\log (1/\epsilon) \log \log (1/\epsilon))$ bound from Hornby (2018), while also simplifying its proof. A key element in our proof is a concentration bound from Impagliazzo and Kabanets (2010).


would suggest that the finding of a SI/S ratio of 2 influenced preto post-test probabilities to a degree similar to that detected by Khan and Khan9 for the presence of HLA-B27. A ratio of 1-25 affects preto post-test diagnosis in a similar fashion to the absence of HLA-B27. In a clinical situation the physician does not depend upon isolated data in order to achieve a reasonable diagnosis. The early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis is no exception. A variety of clinical, laboratory, and radiological data is critical. We feel that radioisotope imaging of the sacroiliac joints may be valuable when radiographs are equivocal. The interpretation of the data must allow for clinical pretest 'suspicion'. Bayes' theorem permits a clinically more meaningful assessment of the data.


We prove that for any graph G at least one of G or $\bar{G}$ satisfies $\chi \leq {1/4}\omega + {3/4}\Delta + 1$. In particular, self-complementary graphs satisfy this bound.


The paper describes the early portion of an investigation into the possibilities of determining wind velocities at high levels by radio methods It was prepared in the spring of 1939, but publication has been delayed owing to the important part which this technique has contributed to meteorology during the war In the intervening six years considerable progress has been made in the application of the basic principles described in this paper. An account of this later work, leading to the practical techniques now used by the Meteorological Office, will be published later. The position of a radio-sounding balloon transmitter can be determined by the aid of two direction-finders set at a suitable distance apart, together with a measurement of the altitude, which can be obtained from the barometric pressure and the thermometer units attached to the apparatus. The present paper is concerned with an investigation of the accuracy of the direction-finding technique used for the observation of bearings on the signals from radio sounding balloons during actual flight. From a knowledge of the precision of such radio bearings, the accuracy of position location of the balloon can be computed with the aid of curves given in the paper. Preliminary experiments conducted with direction-finders of both the closed-loop and spaced-aerial types on wave-lengths between 8 and 10 metres (frequencies 30 to 38 Mc/s.) showed that a reasonably high instrumental accuracy was obtainable; but that in order to utilize this to the best advantage it was necessary to install the direction-finders on very satisfactory sites. Accordingly, the experiments were continued with the aid of specially designed direction-finders of the rotating-loop type installed on two superior sites situated at the ends of a suitable base-line for balloon location work. As a result of the calibration of these direction-finding installations, it was found that the observational accuracy was of the order of 0°1. The maximum error in bearing obtained in the course of the ground calibrations at a short distance was about 1°, but successive calibrations of the installations over a three-monthly period disclosed a variation in this site error of about 0°5. The results of tests carried out on some twenty balloon flights show that, by taking mean observed bearings over each minute period, 95% of the bearings are correct to within 2° and nearly 80% correct to within 1°; the probable error of such mean observed bearings, after correction for the ground calibration, is about 0°3.


This study reports two types of Si epitaxial growth techniques, SPE and LEG, used for bulk-Si based optical interconnect. Experiments show that the LEG technology enhances both crystalline quality and epitaxial growth length.


Abstract: Let (E,A1, A2, B) be a quadruple of matrices representing a twoorder generalized time-invariant linear system, Eẍ = A1ẋ + A2x + Bu. Structural invariants under second order derivative feedback are obtained and they are applied to obtain conditions for controllability of the systems. In particular, a necessary and sufficient condition for controllability related with golden mean is given.


The Swift Ultra‐Violet/Optical Telescope has observed ∼200 gamma‐ray bursts (GRBs) in its first two‐and‐a‐half years of operation. From this collection of observations we have obtained ∼40 well sampled light curves. Using this dataset we present general optical/UV properties of GRBs, including filter dependent temporal slopes and color‐color relationships. We also show that correlations exist between both the 11 hour X‐ray flux (0.3–10 keV) and the prompt gamma‐ray fluence (15–150 keV) and the v‐band magnitude at 2000 s.


Introduction "Some Bones Have Been Found" What the Forensic Anthropologist Can and Cannot Do Techniques for Recovering Skeletonized Human Remains Ten Key Questions Assessing Ancestry (Race) From the Skeleton, George W. Gill Determination of Time Since Death Special Techniques - Their Value and Limitations An Introduction to Forensic Science and DNA, Heather Miller Coyle Skeletal Trauma and Identifying Skeletal Pathology Putting Your Case Together Appendix Glossary Bibliography


Lanthanum (La), which has been used in recent works to tune the threshold voltage of HfSiO high-κ n-MOSFETs, is shown to introduce a new bulk degradation mechanism. Unlike the conventional charge trapping mechanism which exhibits low activation energy (∼0.05 eV) and fast post-stress recovery, the La induced degradation mechanism is found to be relatively permanent and has higher activation energy (∼0.26 eV). The latter is expected to have a significant impact on the positive-bias temperature instability of n-MOSFETs employing La-doped high-κ gate dielectrics.


Two types of steel, a high pitting-toughness material displaying excellent performance in relation to the gear tooth fatigue characteristic and a high yield strength material displaying excellent tooth bending toughness, were developed for use in Formula One gearboxes. Optimization of the alloy composition increased pitting toughness, contributing to the achievement of a 740 g weight saving by enabling the thickness of the gear teeth to be reduced. The high yield strength gear material displayed a yield strength in excess of 1900 MPa, and was developed to ameliorate the issue of tooth root fatigue damage originating in bending of the gear teeth under the excessive input forces characteristic of Formula One racing. From 2008, regulations were changed to stipulate the use of a single gearbox for four race events, and the new material contributed to the achievement of increased long-distance reliability. * Automobile R&D Center


With the rapid development of food industry and people' s consumption level, the requirements for health foods, which can regulate body physiological functions, are increasing. This provides a developing space for health foods of our country. The prevention and treatment on osteoporosis drawed much attention by all of society because of the changes of disease spectrum and the coming era of the aging society. This review analyzed and summarized the current situation of researches and development of health foods, with actions of preventing and treating osteoporosis, emphasized the research idea and took the research and development of Bone Youth Leyuan Tablet as an example to demonstrate the developing way of health food. It is feasible and encouraging that using calcium supplements combined with Triditional Medicine (TCM) and Chinese material medica to regulate the metabolic function holistically.


Environmental goods possess characteristics that separate them from private ones when we pose them in function to be trade in markets. As they don"t have markets nor property rights well define, they are considered part of the group of public goods. Therefore, the valuation methods applied for these goods are different from the ones applied to private goods, whose focus reside in preference or utility criteria. In this sense, we tried to applied the contingent valuation method to the Ecopark of the University of Carabobo, who could be considered as an environmental good. To conduct an approximation of the application of this method, we choose an accidental sample from the careers of Economics, Education and Biology. In each one of them, we choose 30 random students, so we could get a total population of 90 students. For the application of this method, we applied two instruments: one questionnaire and a survey trough the SMIC Prob Expert software. With the first instrument we pretended to know personal details of the respondents, it"s relation with the Ecopark and the willingness to pay for its conservation as well as the monetary amount. As results, Economics, Education and Biology students" willingness to pay is respectively 20,433 Bs, 9,100 Bs and 59,383 Bs on average. While the results of the second instrument showed that, the difference between students" perceptions was little.


In the stand-alone photovoltaic system with DC(direct current) bus-bar, stabilizing the DC bus voltage is an important method to guarantee the efficient operation of the system, high power quality and long life of the battery. A novel topology that the MPPT of PV(maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic) boost converter and the DC bus are connected by another boost converter is proposed. Moreover, a new feed-forward control strategy is applied to the boost converter to stabilize the DC bus voltage: based on the voltage outer loop and current inner loop control, the input voltage and load current feed-forward loops are introduced to eliminate the fluctuation of DC bus voltage due to the change of the two factors mentioned above to improve the voltage-stabilizing performance of the system. The simulation compares DC bus voltage of double-loop control and the control mentioned in this paper in case of voltage leap and verifies effectiveness of the abovementioned control strategy.


Aim To analyze the specificity of the on/off switch mediated by high fidelity proofreading DNA polymerases and 3'-phosphorothioate-modified allele-specific primers for screening certain sites of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genomic DNA. Methods The genomic DNA is used as the template. The 3'-phosphorothioate-modified allele-specific primers were evaluated in their effects on primer-extension with genomic DNA harboring SNP sites allele. Results The products from Taq had many mixed bands, and some of them clearly showed false positives. However,at most of the situations, high fidelity DNA polymerase of Pfu yielded single products. Conclusion These data suggest that the "on /off-switch" mediated by exo+ polymerase is more reliable as compared to exo-polymerase in SNP assay and the novel "on/off" switch has enormous application in the diagnosis of monogenic diseases.


One of the traditional problems in air-traffic management is optimal safe scheduling aircraft at a point of air-routes join. However, this problem implies another one, namely, the problem of guiding the aircraft to the prescribed point of its route at the necessary instant. The latter problem is studied much less attentively. Change of the arrival instant can be provided by alternating the aircraft motion trajectory on the basis of near-airport air-routes scheme or by alternating its velocity. Such a control can be worked out as automatically by the aircraft autopilot as manually by an air-traffic controller. But it can be difficult to an air-traffic controller to construct such a control especially during rush hours in loaded airports. In this paper, the authors suggest an optimizational formalization of the problem of automatic directions generation for such a guiding. The criterion to be minimized in this formalization is the number of controller-pilot interactions, because each such an interaction is a long, difficult process liable to linguistic, technical, psychological, and other errors. Since the criterion and other processes are of discrete kind, the formalization is done in the framework of mixed integer quadratic programming. The obtained problems are solved numerically by means of MIQP-solver provided by the Gurobi library. Each subproblem is solved quite fast within 0.1-0.5 seconds. So, solution of the entire problem (which includes enumeration of trajectories and choice of the optimal velocity regime for each of them) takes one-two seconds. Thus, the problem for the entire group of aircraft can be solved during a time acceptable for a real time application.


In recent years, the need for lightweight encryption systems has been increasing as many applications use RFID and sensor networks which have a very low computational power and thus incapable of performing standard cryptographic operations. In response to this problem, the cryptographic community designed a number of lightweight cryptographic primitives that varies from stream ciphers, block ciphers and recently to hash functions. Out of these many lightweight primitives, the block cipher PRESENT gets a lot of attention from the cryptographic community and it has been recently adopted by ISO as one of the international standards in lightweight cryptography. This thesis aims at analyzing and evaluating the security of some the recently proposed lightweight symmetric ciphers with a focus on PRESENT-like ciphers, namely, the block cipher PRESENT and the block cipher PRINTcipher. We provide an approach to estimate the probability of differential and linear approximations with low-weight differential and linear characteristics on PRESENT-like ciphers as well as ciphers allowing low hamming weight differential and linear characteristics. We study the effect of key scheduling in the distribution of linear approximations on a variant of PRESENT with identical round keys. We propose a new attack named the Invariant Subspace Attack that was specifically mounted against the lightweight block cipher PRINTcipher. Furthermore, we mount several attacks on a recently proposed stream cipher called A2U2.


The Izanagi plate subducted rapidly and obliquely under the accretionary terrane of Japan in the Cretaceous before 85 Ma. A chain of microcontinents collided with it at about 140 Ma. In southwest Japan the major part of it subducted thereafter, but in northeast Japan it accreted and the trench jumped oceanward, resulting in a curved volcanic front. The oblique subduction and the underplated microcon-tinent caused uplifting of high-pressure (high-P) metamorphic rocks and large scale crustal shortening in southwest Japan. The oblique subduction caused left-lateral faulting and ductile shearing in northeast Japan. The arc sliver crossed over the high-temperature (high-T) zone of arc magmatism, resulting in a wide high-T metamorphosed belt. At about 85 Ma, the subduction mode changed from oblique to normal and the tectonic mode changed drastically. Just after this the Kula/Pacific ridge subducted and the subduction rate of the Pacific plate decreased gradually, causing the intrusion of huge amounts of granite magma and the eruption of acidic volcanics from large cauldrons. The oblique subduction of the Pacific plate resumed at 53 Ma and the left-lateral faults were reactivated.


Summary When a dye solution is run into the frog's kidney in such a way that, in the lower portion of the kidney, it runs into tubular capillaries and into a large number of glomerular capillaries, while in the upper portion of the kidney it runs into tubular capillaries, and into only a few glomerular capillaries, the amount of dye excreted follows the number of active glomeruli receiving dye solution, although both halves of the kidney are producing urine.


Manu Huttunen Optimizing the specific energy consumption of vacuum filtration Lappeenranta 2019 63 pages Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 886 Diss. Lappeenranta–Lahti University of Technology LUT ISBN 978-952-335-458-6 ISBN 978-952-335-459-3 (PDF) ISSN-L 1456-4491 ISSN 1456-4491 Vacuum filtration is applied in solid-liquid separation in a wide variety of industrial processes for instance in the mining, chemical, and paper industries. The main contributor to the considerable energy consumption of vacuum filtration is the high requirement of pumping air to maintain the pressure difference driving the filtration. In this doctoral dissertation, the specific energy consumption of vacuum filtration and subsequent thermal drying to achieve a zero moisture content of the filtration product is investigated. The objective of the study is to identify vacuum filtration process variables, which can be manipulated to enhance efficiency and to optimize the energy consumption of the filtration and drying process. The investigation is carried out by analysing the results obtained in experiments with a laboratory-scale Büchner apparatus and a pilotscale horizontal belt vacuum filter. The analysis of thermal drying is included by calculation. The applicability of a data-driven soft sensor method to estimate the filter cake solid content after vacuum dewatering is studied. The study shows that it is key to evaluate the specific energy consumption as a function of the solid content of the cake in order to determine the optimal ending criteria for dewatering. It is found that there is an optimal combination of the slurry solid content, the pressure difference, and the slurry loading that results in the minimum specific energy consumption of vacuum filtration and subsequent thermal drying. Exploiting the thermodynamic nature of vacuum dewatering proved to be highly beneficial to the estimation of the solid content of the filter cake. The developed datadriven soft sensor estimator was able to explain 80 % of the variance in the target variable with a mean absolute error of 0.42 percentage points. The evaluation of the specific energy consumption of a vacuum filtration process with respect to the solid content of the filter cake and the application of the soft sensor estimator could provide the means to control and optimize the energy consumption of vacuum filtration and subsequent drying.


Objective To screen the small cell lung cancer(SCLC) resistance-related genes,providing ideal targets for sensitizing the multidrug-resistant SCLC to chemotherapy.Methods Overexpressed genes in multidrug-resistant SCLC were selected according to the cDNA microarray.QRT-PCR was applied for assessment of the expression of targeted genes in 6 patients with SCLC before chemotherapy and at the presentation of drug resistance.Results Compared with the gene expression level in parental H69,3 up-regulation genes including FZD1,GLI1 and FRZB were revealed in H69AR,which was verified by QRT-PCR with multiplication by 9.19,4.33 and 6.88,respectively.Significant increase was observed in patients with SCLC presenting multidrug-resistance,comparing with that before chemotherapy.Conclusion FZD1,GLI1 and FRZB are probably the ideal targets for sensitizing the multidrug-resistant SCLC to chemotherapy.


A method and device for automatically identifying the deepest point on the surface of an anomaly on a viewed object using a video inspection device. The video inspection device obtains and displays an image of the surface of the viewed object. A reference surface is determined along with a region of interest that includes a plurality of points on the surface of the anomaly. The video inspection device determines a depth for each of the plurality of points on the surface of the anomaly in the region of interest. The point on the surface of the anomaly having the greatest depth is identified as the deepest point.


The present invention relates to a transistor comprising a substrate. A first layer of conductive material positioned on the substrate. A second layer of conductive material in contact with said first layer of conductive material and positioned thereon. The second layer of conductive material comprises a concave shape. The second layer of conductive material on said first projection further conductive material layer.


The forestry and forest-based sector play a significant role in climate change mitigation strategies and can contribute to the achievement of a climate-neutral economy. In this context, the ability of harvested wood products (HWP) to sequester carbon is of significant importance. The objective of this work is to make a projection of climate change mitigation potential of HWP, under different scenarios of wood utilization in Slovakia. This study builds on the comparison of different scenarios of industrial wood utilization till 2035 and presents the resulting impacts on the national carbon balance. The results suggest that the development of timber supplies after 2020 in Slovakia will be influenced, in particular, by the future changes in the age distribution and tree species composition as well as the extent of future accidental felling. Consequently, a predicted structure and availability of wood resources in Slovakia will be reflected in a higher share of the production of products with shorter life cycle and thus will negatively affect the carbon pool in HWP. By comparing the results of the four designed scenarios, it follows that the scenario with the greatest mitigation potential, is the one assuming the optimal use of wood assortments and limitation of industrial roundwood foreign trade.


Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have undergone countless enhancements in the past decade, mainly improvements in the basic components: electrodes, electrolyte, and separator. The separator, which acts as a physical barrier between the two electrodes, does not directly participate in the charge and energy storage.However, it is involved in the safety, form factor, and packaging density of the LIBs. While it occupies relatively less internal space than other components, the separator can be replaced with active materials such as gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) which can serve as both the electrolyte and physical barrier between the electrodes. GPEs can potentially minimize the risks of liquid electrolytes, including flammability, electrolyte leakage, and explosion. Here we report the characteristics of polyurethane (PU)-based gel swollen in concentrated electrolyte solutions in separator-less cells. The poreless PU-based gel electrolyte conducts lithium ions, while preventing internal short-circuits. This is attributed to the presence of soft segments, which allow ion transport, and hard segments, which ensure mechanical integrity. Electrochemical measurements carried out in LFP half cells and symmetric Li cells revealed that the separator-less cells were operable between 0.2 C to 1 C rates, and that during long term cycling, the cells achieved stable Li electroplating overpotential, as the number of cycles increased.


Purpose of reviewMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes neurological disability in young adults and that to date has no cure. Until now, expensive and only partially efficacious therapies have become available. For this reason, researchers, clinicians and pharmaceutical companies are currently investigating new drugs for the treatment of MS. Here, we review the most recent data on drug candidates for MS. Recent findingsIn the preclinical phase, such drug candidates have shown a beneficial effect on the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (microtubule-stabilizing drugs, MS14, Lithium, GEMSP…), a decrease in CNS cell infiltrates (recombinant T cell receptor ligand, lovastatin–rolipram, ribavirin, GEMSP…), prevention of demyelination (lovastatin–rolipram, calpain inhibitor, lithium…); and a reduction of axonal loss (phenytoin, lovastatin–rolipram, calpain inhibitor). In clinical trials, drug candidates against MS have shown safety (rituximab, ustekinumab, intravenous immunoglobulin, laquinimod, BHT-3009, fumarate, chaperonin 10, GEMSP…), an improvement of gadolinium-enhanced lesions (protiramer, fingolimod, laquinimod, BHT-3009, fumarate, daclizumab…), and an improvement of the relapse rate (fingolimod, fumarate…). SummaryFuture research into MS should focus on a combination of therapies and on the development of drugs directed against the remitting and progressive phases of the disease. In this sense, MS is a very complex multifactorial disease that requires treatment able to cover all the aspects of MS and not only the anti-inflammatory aspect.


This paper considers markets for warranties when consumers are imperfectly informed about both product and warranty prices and about which firms sell with warranties and which firms sell without warranties. We characterize necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of the various equilibrium configurations of price and warranty coverage that can arise in two paradigm cases; when all consumers prefer warranties and when none do. Our results suggest that firms will exploit imperfect information by charging noncompetitive prices as well as by offering less than ideal warranty coverage, and that the former practice may be more serious in many markets than the latter.


Writing is regarded as a vital learning tool for all subject areas. However, it is tough for EFL students in college programmes to grasp and possess excellent writing skills. This paper describes the findings of a study conducted to understand better EFL learners' perceptions of using online automated writing checkers (OAWCs). This study aims to elicit Learners' perspectives on enhancing their writing skills with OAWCs. A questionnaire was provided to sixty Saudi female students in the College of Science and Arts, Unizah, Qassim University. The results demonstrate the learners' positive perceptions of the use of these technologies. Based on the findings, educational implications are proposed for this descriptive study and future research.


In an effort to develop a real-time, on-line database system that tracks documentation changes in NASA's propulsion test facilities, engineers at Stennis Space Center teamed with ECT International of Brookfield, WI, through the NASA Dual-Use Development Program to create the External Data Program and Hyperlink Add-on Modules for the promis*e software. Promis*e is ECT's top-of-the-line intelligent software for control system design and documentation. With promis*e the user can make use of the automated design process to quickly generate control system schematics, panel layouts, bills of material, wire lists, terminal plans and more. NASA and its testing contractors currently use promis*e to create the drawings and schematics at the E2 Cell 2 test stand located at Stennis Space Center.


The authors' predictions assume that the fillers in a lineup are very similar to the target. They wisely chose fillers that fit the description of the targets they used, but unfortunately failed to tell us what description factors were used. Were these factors similar to those which real witnesses use, which tend to be few and quite general, or many and therefore much more specific? Their theory seems to be based on the latter. In all events it would seem that actual practice does not agree with the theory.


In Japan, "Pointing and Calling" is a known safety management method that is used to prevent mistakes and ensure safety. This study constructed a new check system, "Verification Meeting/ Simple Verification Meeting", that is based on the Pointing and Calling system and aims to prevent incorrect cost estimations for projects of public works. It also contributes to improved staff morale and professional development. The new check system has five novel items compared with conventional verification methods of cost estimation. The proposed system was put into actual use in Japan, during which time necessary improvements were made. As a result, no mistakes in cost estimation were noted for about three years at the Port and Harbor Bureau of a city in Japan, where the first author of this article worked. The system was further refined and could be adapted for use by all local governments, including those with few staff members.


Tariffs and their reduction have played a significant role in the world trade order and its development because of their historical significance. There are other increasingly noticeable state measures which also limit trade. Because of their diversity, they are negatively classified as non-tariff barriers to trade (NTB). These NTBs include quotas, which have the same aim as customs duties, which is to reduce imports through quantitative restrictions. As a result of the debatable economic effects, the world trade order has laid out a strict principle of tariffication, whereby all forms of quantitative restrictions are banned. With the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) a legal framework was established which allowed for the step by step integration of the goods concerned into the general trade rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).Keywords: Agreement on Agriculture (AoA); Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC); General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; non-tariff barriers to trade (NTB); principle of tariffication; quantitative restrictions; world trade order


A syncytium-forming strain (HPF) and a small giant cell-forming strain (HF) have been isolated from a standard reference herpes simplex virus. Compared to HF, HPF is less virulent for mice, rabbits, chorioallantoic membrane and chick embryos; it is more rapidly inactivated by heat; there is more viral production in tissue cultures at lower temperatures; and there is a distinct but minor antigenic difference between the two. Both strains appear stable on serial passage and neither requires antibody in the culture medium for characteristic appearance in tissue cultures. The stability and reproducibility of plaque morphology and virulence of these strains can probably be exploited in studies of neutralization, viral genetics, immunity and giant cell formation.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a semifinished product with partially different material thicknesses, where a multi-layer metallic material composite is provided having which a plurality of layers having different ductility, wherein the composite material is rolled in a method for the flexible rolling through a nip formed between two rolls nip is that changes in such a way that regions with different thickness of material are formed.


Recycling is a technology that will be key to creating a self sustaining lunar outpost. The plastics used for food packaging provide a source of material that could be recycled to produce water and methane. The recycling of these plastics will require some additional resources that will affect the initial estimate of starting materials that will have to be transported from earth, mainly oxygen, energy and mass. These requirements will vary depending on the recycling conditions. The degredation products of these plastics will vary under different atmospheric conditions. An estimate of the the production rate of methane and water using typical ISRU processes along with the plastic recycling will be presented.


The primary and secondary school music teachers are an important part of China's basic music education, and their professional quality directly influences the quality of basic music education. Therefore, it is especially important to improve the quality of primary and secondary school music teachers, and this task shall be completed in the music education in normal colleges. The effect of reform of music education in normal colleges can be well reflected in the quality of primary and secondary school music teachers. As for this problem, this paper firstly explains the requirements for quality of primary and secondary school music teachers, and then seeks for the direction for reform of music education in normal colleges from perspective of quality of primary and secondary school music teachers for the purpose of providing certain theoretical basis for the reform of music education in normal colleges.


It is shown that the interaction part of the symmetric energy‐momentum tensor for a system of charged particles is integrable over any forward light cone. A covariant definition of the mechanical momentum is then given and conservation of momentum is shown.


Background of infection prevention and control guidelines in Health Service Facilities states that infectious diseases related to health care or Healthcare Associated Infection (HAIs) is one of the health problems in various countries in the world, including Indonesia. In the Asian Pacific Economic Committee (APEC) or the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), infectious diseases related to health services have become the discussed agenda. In principle, the incidence of HAIs can actually be prevented if health care facilities consistently implement the PPI program. Infection Prevention and Control one of which is hand washing. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the relationship of Health Education to compliance with the Handwashing of Medical and Non-Medical Personnel in the Putri Hijau Rumkit II. The design of this study was a pre-experimental research method with a one-group pretest-posttest approach at TK Hijau Putri II Hospital Medan. The results showed a significant relationship between hand washing health education with the level of knowledge of medical and non medical personnel (p = 0.07). The advice given is that all nurses are asked to be obedient to always comply with hand washing in accordance with the standards before and after taking action on patients.