Molecular aligned naphthacene thins films were fabricated using vacuum evaporation and the rubbing method. The attenuated total reflection (ATR) and emission light properties from surface plasmon (SP) excitation due to molecular luminescence were investigated for these films. The long axis of the rod-like molecule was estimated to align perpendicular to the rubbing direction. The ATR and emission light properties depended on the molecular orientation.


Simple Summary The Black Soldier Fly insect (BSF) Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) metabolizes low degraded ingredients and converts them into larval enriched nutrients. In the present study, the effect of processed beverage by-products, such as spent coffee grounds and brewer's spent grains and their mixtures on biological parameters (larval development, survival), conversion efficiency and body composition of the BSF insect was evaluated. The effect of different rearing densities of BSF on the above parameters were also studied. Insect larvae were reared successfully in all tested diets, except for sole spent coffee grounds. Substrate mass reduction, protein conversion and bioconversion rates were higher on the reference feed, followed by brewer's spent grains and brewer's spent grains—spent coffee grounds mixture enriched with brewer's yeast. Density did not affect any larval parameter except for fat. Our results illustrate that low value beverage by-products can be successfully utilized as constituents of a successful BSF diet. Abstract The effect of spent coffee grounds (SCG), brewer's spent grains (BSG) and their mixtures with the addition of brewer's yeast (BY) were tested in two rearing densities of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.). Different treatments were investigated on larval development, survival, yield, protein conversion (PrCR) and bioconversion rate (BCR), substrate mass reduction and body composition of the insect. BSF larvae were able to develop sufficiently in all diets, except on sole SCG. The addition of BY enhanced the performance properties of diets, especially in the case of SCG, where larvae underperformed. Substrate mass reduction, PrCR and BCR were affected only by feed and exhibited higher values on reference feed, followed by BSG and SCG+BSG enriched with BY. Density did not have a significant effect on various larval nutrients, except for fat, which was higher on larvae fed enriched feeds with BY and in the 300 larval density. The interaction between feed and density strongly affected the nitrogen and protein levels, larval yield and ash. Generally, diets which contained SCG exhibited high larval crude protein levels. Our results illustrate that low value beverage by-products can be successfully utilized as constituents of a successful BSF diet.


Intrusion detection system (IDS) is an active defense mechanism implemented by the Internet of Things (IoT), which can identify the intrusion behavior and initiate alarms. However, there are concerns regarding the sustainability and feasibility to existing schemes when facing the increasing of threats in IoT. In particular, these concerns in terms of the increasing levels of adaptive performance and the insufficient levels of detection accuracy. In this paper, we present a novel deep learning method to address the aforementioned concerns. We detail the proposed convolution neural network model based on the developed feature fusion mechanism. Furthermore, we also propose a Symmetric logarithmic loss function based on categorical cross entropy. In addition, the proposed detection framework has been applied to GPU-enabled TensorFlow, and evaluated using the benchmark of NSL-KDD datasets. Extensive experimental results indicate that the developed model outperforms traditional approaches and has great potential to be applied for attacks detection in IoTs.


We describe a simplifier for use in program manipulation and verification. The simplifier finds a normal form for any expression over the language consisting of individual variables, the usual boolean connectives, the conditional function cond (denoting if-then-else), the integers (numerals), the arithmetic functions and predicates +, - and ≤, the LISP constants, functions and predicates nil, car, cdr, cons and atom, the functions store and select for storing into and selecting from arrays, and uninterpreted function symbols. Individual variables range over the union of the rationals, the set of arrays, the LISP s-expressions and the booleans true and false. The constant, function and predicate symbols take their natural interpretations.The simplifier is complete; that is, it simplifies every valid formula to true. Thus it is also a decision procedure for the quantifier-free theory of rationals, arrays and s-expressions under the above functions and predicates.The organization of the simplifier is based on a method for combining decision algorithms for several theories into a single decision algorithm for a larger theory containing the original theories. More precisely, given a set S of functions and predicates over a fixed domain, a satisfiability program for S is a program which determines the satisfiability of conjunctions of literals (signed atomic formulas) whose predicates and function signs are in S. We give a general procedure for combining satisfiability programs for sets S and T into a single satisfiability program for S ∪ T, given certain conditions on S and T. We show how a satisfiability program for a set S can be used to write a complete simplifier for expressions containing functions and predicates of S as well as uninterpreted function symbols.The simplifier described in this paper is currently used in the Stanford Pascal Verifier.


The inventory of the bryophytes collected during the annual excursion of the Working Group for Bryology of the Italian Botanical Society is reported. This excursion was held in 2018 on the northern slope of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines National Park, in the Administrative Region of Emilia-Romagna. The field work led to the finding of 113 taxa (24 liverworts and 89 mosses), including eight new records and seven confirmations for this Region. The occurrence of rare taxa for Italy (Scapania uliginosa, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Racomitrium fasciculare, Scorpidium cossonii, Grimmia lisae, Orthotrichum pulchellum) is highlighted.


BACKGROUND: Perioperative myocardial injury (MI) and MI after noncardiac surgery (MINS) makes a significant contribution to the structure of complications and mortality in non-cardiac surgery, including those in traumatology. Spinal anesthesia (SA) is usually used for hip surgery. It may be accompanied by arterial hypotension, which, under certain conditions, becomes a leading factor in MI development. Features of both hypotension and MI in patients with concomitant cardiovascular pathology operated on for hip injury remain insufficiently studied.
AIM: To determine the frequency of intraoperative arterial hypotension and MI after intraosseous osteosynthesis of the hip under spinal anesthesia in patients with concomitant cardiovascular pathology.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 275 patients with concomitant cardiovascular pathology, intraosseous synthesis of the hip was performed with SA. The functional class of the patients was assessed according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists scale and the risk of cardiac complications according to the Revised Cardiac Risk Index scale. Blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, and ST segment were monitored. Before surgery and 13 days thereafter, the troponin T level was measured. The frequency of MI and surgical outcomes were assessed.
RESULTS: In the studied sample of patients with hypertonic disease, arterial hypotension associated with SA was observed in 34.2% of cases. Its frequency increased from 15.7% in patients without other comorbidities to 42.9% in patients with a combination of hypertonic disease, CAD, and CHF. A significant relationship was noted between arterial hypotension and MI. A highly sensitive troponin test revealed a significant incidence of myocardial damage (18.2%), and the associated 3-day mortality was 4%.
CONCLUSION: SA-induced arterial hypotension is associated with MI risk and appears to be the most dangerous in patients with a combination of hypertonic disease, CAD, and CHF. Monitoring of troponin T levels in patients with risk factors of MI is one of the ways to reduce postoperative mortality and improve surgery outcomes.


The institutional mechanism of the financial services market puts forward new requirements to the banking community, determining the need for innovations in products, technologies, services, and encouraging credit institutions to transform the declared strategy and implemented financial policy. In the present, the innovative factor is decisive in supporting the competitiveness of the bank, and the development of banking activities is determined by the degree of activity in promoting innovations. The article reveals the role, directions, tools of digitalization of the innovative development of a modern commercial bank, strengthening its competitive position.


Thin films of molybdenum oxide were deposited on glass and crystalline silicon substrates using dc magnetron sputtering method by sputtering of molybdenum target in the presence of oxygen and argon gas mixture under various oxygen partial pressures in the range 8x10 8x10 mbar. The glow discharge characteristics of the molybdenum cathode under various oxygen partial pressures were studied. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the core level binding energy, structure, mechanical and electrical properties of the films was systematically studied. The films formed at oxygen partial pressures < 2x10 mbar contained the MoO3 and MoO3-x phases. The films deposited at oxygen partial pressures of 2x10 -4 mbar were stoichiometric with single phase orthorhombic αMoO3. The electrical conductivity of films decreased from 4x10 to 1.6x10 Ωcm with increase of oxygen partial pressure from 8x10 to 8x10 mbar.


Recent studies come to the conclusion that Learning Management System (LMS) usage variables explain a higher variation in students' final grades than traditional student characteristics. Referring to such findings from literature our research aims at exploring dependencies between e-learning usage patterns and achieved learning results on the basis of LMS log-files from courses in different knowledge domains, and by analyzing courses not in isolation but by taking potential dependencies with students' activities in other courses into account. We examine correlations between usage variables and the students' performance in three blended learning courses with different topics based on large cohorts of students (n=883, n=389, n=578). In this context, an extended set of variables, including LMS usage beyond the three courses and usage patterns of students, are examined for interdependencies. Our results indicate that specific indicators, such as the number of active learning days and topic views, have a positive influence on learning results. In general, they show that at-risk students can be differentiated from well-performing students by their usage behavior. Moreover, we try to identify some significant patterns of LMS usage amongst the students. The paper shows how these patterns differ in our observations depending on the course domains.


In this paper, we discuss some properties of Chebyshev polynomials, some identities involving Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind of higher-order are given.


This paper shows a system configuration of underwater channel sounder (UCS), which enables us to characterize radio propagation in seawater through multi-antenna measurement with a vector network analyzer (VNA) even in the depth of up to 500 m. The UCS has capability of constructing multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) measurement in seawater by utilizing multiple receive antennas and a single transmit antenna that moves along with a 1D stage. Multiple sensors that include a CTD sensor, a tilt meter, and a video camera are also mounted on UCS to give a record on conditions of measurement site precisely. A test dive demonstrated that the UCS works as designed in seawater with depth of around 30 m.


Objective To determine the low dose lidamycin induced mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells differentiated into neuron-like cells,and to explore its possible mechanism of action.Methods Cultured mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells were added 0.01nM Lidamycin and 0.5μM retinoic acid(retinoiacid,RA) treatment,respectively,observed at different time points(0d,2d,4d,6d,8d and 10d)two sets of changes in cell morphology.And two groups of cells were performed RT-PCR to detect its nerve cell-specific markers Nestin and MAP2 mRNA levels,and immunofluorescence staining Nestin and MAP2 protein expression.Two groups of cells Oct4 protein expression were detected by Western blot.Used to express Oct4 infected with lentivirus P19 cells by lidamycin same inducing conditions were observed at different time points changes in cell morphology,and were detected on the mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining Nestin and the change of the MAP2.In contrast,the siRNA-Oct4 transfection to p19 cells following tune Oct4,given the same induction conditions to observe the changes in the different time points cell morphology of,and RT-PCR and immunefluorescence staining,respectively,observed Nestin and MAP2 of mRNA and protein of changes.Results P19 cells were treated with low-dose lidamycin gradually differentiate into neuron-like cells,the performance of the level of mRNA expression of Nestin of MAP2 expression is significantly upregulated immunofluorescence detection obvious increase in the expression of these two proteins,the results with RT-PCR the results are the same.P19 cells to do the same treatment with retinoic acid,a similar result.Oct4 expression was significantly decreased after the application of low dose lidamycin and retinoic acid treatment of P19 cells.P19 cells over-expression of Oct4 after low-dose lidamycin processing phenomenon does not appear to differentiate into neuron-like cells.Reduced the Oct4 gene in P19 cells after induction of differentiation culture,P19 cells differentiated into neuron-like cells in trend.Conclusion The low dose lidamycin P19 cells can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells,and the differentiation may be associated with the down-regulation of the transcription factor Oct4.


AbstractWe aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and compare the surgical outcome of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (p-NETs) using the 2 tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) systems by both the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual (seventh edition) and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS). Moreover, we sought to validate the prognostic value of the new AJCC criterion.Data of 145 consecutive patients who were all surgically treated and histologically diagnosed as p-NETs from January 2002 to June 2013 in our single institution were retrospectively collected and analyzed.The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for AJCC classifications of stages I, II, III, and IV were 79.5%, 63.1%, 15.0%, and NA, respectively, (P < 0.005). As for the ENETS system, the OS rates at 5 years for stages I, II, III, and IV were 75.5%, 72.7%, 29.0%, and NA, respectively, (P < 0.005). Both criteria present no statistically notable difference between stage I and stage II (P > 0.05) but between stage I and stages III and IV (P < 0.05), as well as those between stage II and stages III and IV (P < 0.05). Difference between stage III and IV by ENETS was significant (P = 0.031), whereas that by the AJCC was not (P = 0.144). What's more, the AJCC Staging Manual (seventh edition) was statistically significant in both uni- and multivariate analyses by Cox regression (P < 0.005 and P = 0.025, respectively).Our study indicated that the ENETS TNM staging system might be superior to the AJCC Staging Manual (seventh edition) for the clinical practice of p-NETs. Together with tumor grade and radical resection, the new AJCC system was also validated to be an independent predictor for p-NETs.


Game-based vocabulary learning that is well documented to improve students' vocabulary learning outcomes is gaining increasing attention. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the impact of game-based vocabulary learning application (APP) on the vocabulary learning achievement, motivation, and self-confidence among Chinese EFL (English as a foreign language) students, so large a population that should never be neglected. To address the issues, a total of 70 college students in two groups participated in a quasi-experiment. One is the experimental group in which students received the game-based vocabulary learning; the other is the control group in which students received the conventional paper-based wordlist learning. Each group consisted of 35 students. The experiment was carried out to evaluate how the implementation of game-based vocabulary learning influences students' vocabulary learning achievement, motivation, and self-confidence. In addition, a regression analysis was exploited to examine the influence of motivation and self-confidence on vocabulary achievement. Results demonstrated that the game-based vocabulary learning APP benefited students in vocabulary achievement, motivation, and self-confidence. Furthermore, learning self-confidence and motivation did not predict learning achievement. Implications of the study were also given.


We report time-resolved gain and noise spectra measurements in an electrically pulsed travelling-wave optical amplifier. We demonstrate a modest (60A) blue shift in the gain spectrum and high (25 dB) gain in a 250μmlong amplifier driven by a 1 GHz, 60 ps pulse train.


Abstract : Hallen's integral equation with continuous resistive loading is used to design a broadband monopole antenna. The resistive profile is different from that of the well known Wu-King profile and results in a higher efficiency compared to the latter. An optimization function for determining the optimal continuous resistive load of the monopole antenna in order to satisfy the broadband property is constructed. Simplex method is used to perform the optimization. The integral equation is solved by the moment method to determine the current distribution, the efficiency, and the radiation pattern of the monopole


The major E.C.G. changes were a very pronounced general low voltage and a marked prolongation of the electrical systole (figs. 1 and 2). The low voltage was most pronounced immediately after the onset of the cardiac symptoms, improved slowly thereafter, and disappeared after 11 weeks; it was noticeable mostly in the peripheral and left precordial leads. In contrast to the low voltage the Q-T interval was only slightly prolonged immediately after the onset of the acute attack and reached its maximum five days later (0-62 sec-that is, a prolongation of 59% over the normal for the given heart rate). The Q-T interval had returned to normal three weeks later although the voltage was still low. Another noticeable feature was the negative T wave in leads I, II, aVL, and V2-V6, suggesting a subepicardial lesion. This inversion of the T wave lasted 11 weeks. During the first four weeks after the acute attack the patient complained of extreme weakness and occasional anginal symptoms. The chest radiograph remained normal. In the course of the next few weeks her symptoms gradually subsided and she became able to walk again without difficulty for short distances. She was discharged from the clinic 11 weeks after the onset of the cardiac symptoms. At that time the E.C.G. showed no difference compared with the findings before the starvation period (fig. 1).


As manual point-wise label is time and labor-intensive for fully supervised large-scale point cloud semantic segmentation, weakly supervised method is increasingly active. However, existing methods fail to generate high-quality pseudo labels effectively, leading to unsatisfactory results. In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised point cloud semantic segmentation framework via receptive-driven pseudo label consistency and structural consistency to mine potential knowledge. Specifically, we propose three consistency contrains: pseudo label consistency among different scales, semantic structure consistency between intra-class features and class-level relation structure consistency between pair-wise categories. Three consistency constraints are jointly used to effectively prepares and utilizes pseudo labels simultaneously for stable training. Finally, extensive experimental results on three challenging datasets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art weakly supervised methods and even achieves comparable performance to the fully supervised methods.


Triangulation and trilateration data from two geodetic networks located between the western edge of the Great Valley and the San Andreas fault have been used to calculate shear strain rates in the Diablo Range and to estimate the slip rate along the Calaveras and Paicines faults in Central California. Within the Diablo Range the average shear strain rate was determined for the time period between 1962 and 1982 to be 0.15 + or - 0.08 microrad/yr, with the orientation of the most compressive strain at N 16 deg E + or - 14 deg. The orientation of the principal compressive strain predicted from the azimuth of the major structures in the region is N 25 deg E. It is inferred that the measured strain is due to compression across the folds of this area: the average shear straining corresponds to a relative shortening rate of 4.5 + or - 2.4 mm/yr. From an examination of wellbore breakout orientations and the azimuths of P-axes from earthquake focal mechanisms the inferred orientation of maximum compressive stress was found to be similar to the direction of maximum compressive strain implied by the trend of local fold structures. Results do not support the hypothesis of uniform fault-normal compression within the Coast Ranges. From trilateration measurements made between 1972 and 1987 on lines that are within 10 km of the San Andreas fault, a slip rate of 10 to 12 mm/yr was calculated for the Calaveras-Paicines fault south of Hollister. The slip rate of the Paicines fault decreases to 4 mm/yr near Bitter.


Abstract Particles behaviour was monitored and analyzed in a stormwater wetland over a period of 4 months (June-September, 2009). The results indicated that the particles behaviour can be affected by many processes, such as sedimentation, resuspension, adsorption and release in stormwater wetlands during dry days. Due to the effects of these factors, the particles removal efficiency calculated based on the settling theory was significantly higher than the value obtained using the measured particles number concentration. And the measured efficiency showed a turning point in the range of 2–4 μm, which was within the colloidal particles range. Analysis of particle size distribution showed that particles were finer in the outflow than inflow due to sedimentation of the coarse particles and resuspension of the fine particles in the wetland. Particles in different size ranges play different roles in their contribution to turbidity and total suspended solids concentration. The finer particles (less than 10μm) showed a closer relationship with the turbidity while coarser particles (>4μm ) were more related to total suspended solid concentration.


Recently, embedded reconfigurable computing has attracted great attention due to its potential to accelerate application execution. Its key feature is the ability to perform computations in hardware to increase performance, while retaining much of the flexibility of a software solution. Researchers in this field have reported substantial performance improvements for a variety of different applications like cryptography, multimedia processing, genetics, networking and DSP. Embedded reconfigurable computing systems can lend themselves to high performance computing by taking advantage of parallelism at different levels of granularity, ranging from fine grained instruction level to coarse grained process and/or task level parallelism. It is often necessary to use different parallel processing techniques to fully take advantage of these systems. In this survey, we explore recent enhancements to this new field of computing, considering the embedded reconfigurable hardware architectures and software facilities targeting these systems. The focus of the survey is on the employment of parallelism which seems to be a key feature in application development for embedded reconfigurable systems. More precisely, four different levels of parallelism indicated by Instruction Level, Data/Loop Level, Task Level, and Process/Thread Level, are introduced and distinguished by properties identified for each category. Various reconfigurable systems incorporating one or a combination of these attributes are investigated. Finally, we generally try to identify the major problems that limit the embedded reconfigurable computing systems from reaching their maximum potentials.


Policy gradient methods, where one searches for the policy of interest by maximizing the value functions using first-order information, become increasingly popular for sequential decision making in reinforcement learning, games, and control. Guaranteeing the global optimality of policy gradient methods, however, is highly nontrivial due to nonconcavity of the value functions. In this exposition, we highlight recent progresses in understanding and developing policy gradient methods with global convergence guarantees, putting an emphasis on their finite-time convergence rates with regard to salient problem parameters.


The theories of critical orogenic wedges and fluvial erosion are combined to explore the interactions between tectonics, erosion, and climate. A model framework is developed which allows the derivation of an exact analytical scaling relationship for how orogen width, height, and rock uplift rate varies as a function of accretionary flux and precipitation rate. Compared to a model with prescribed uplift rate, incorporating the tectonic response introduces a powerful negative feedback on the orogen, which strongly damps the systems equilibrium response to changes in forcing. Furthermore, for the most commonly assumed forms of the fluvial erosion law, the orogen is more sensitive to changes in the accretionary flux than in the precipitation rate. And while increases in accretionary flux and precipitation rate both cause an increase in exhumation rate, they have opposite tendencies on the orogen relief. Further analysis shows that the pattern of rock uplift does not affect the scaling relationship and that it is only weakly dependent on the hillslope condition.


A study of the linear stability of asymmetric channel flows is presented. Three one‐parameter families of basic velocity which possess, respectively, no, one, and two inflection points are treated. The competing effects of stabilizing asymmetry and destabilizing vorticity distributions are discussed. An inviscid wave speed theorem which extends a result of Stuart to flows with two inflection points is proved.


The noise generated by transformer operation has always been one of the hotspots in the field of transformers. With the development of society, noise control has received more and more attention, in addition, the position of transformer noise source based on acoustic imaging technology has become more and more important. This paper introduces the basic theory of beamforming, compares the imaging effects of different microphone arrays, and introduces the application of acoustic imaging technology in transformers.


The present invention relates to an exhaust gas post-processing apparatus and a control method therefor. The exhaust gas post-processing apparatus and the control method therefor according to the present invention are provided with: a pressure sensor on an exhaust gas line; and a sensor on front/rear ends of the post-processing apparatus which can measure the concentration and the quantity of nitrogen oxide. Consequently, forced-regeneration of the exhaust gas post-processing apparatus can be performed by determining whether the back pressure has increased or whether the reduction efficiency of nitrogen oxide has become poor.


Plants represent a possible source of new interesting antiviral drugs. An aqueous extract of Artemisia verlotorum exhibited, in vitro, strong activity against the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), which can be considered a reliable model of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, the aetiological agent of AIDS. The extract determined a decrease of the virus‐induced syncytia in the cultured cells, an inhibition of the viral reverse transcriptase activity and a reduction of the viral capsid protein P24 expression. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Comparing the patient initial condition in each of the plurality of dentition categories with one or more reference conditions in each of the plurality of dentition categories, each having a corresponding representation; Selecting at least one reference condition that is similar to the patient initial condition in the same dentition category in one or more and generating a patient identifier based on a corresponding representation of each selected reference condition Methods and systems for providing dental profile indexing and treatment planning are provided.


Chen Baoquan was a well-known educationalist in contemporary China.He thought highly of vocational education.And he believed in and practiced the idea of saving the nation by engaging in industry.In order to promote Chinese vocational education,he reformed the content of vocational courses,strengthened the students' vocational training,and pushed forward the development of vocational schools in order.His vocational education thoughts are still greatly influential in the reform of Chinese vocational education at present.


Author(s): Huber, William Humberto | Abstract: Videogames have an ambiguous status as texts, in their dual nature as objects of play and computer-mediated systems of representation. This has led to an impasse in game studies, making it difficult to identify authorial voice, to make useful distinctions in style of game design, and to account for the varieties of modes of reception. This dissertation addresses the problem by proposing a model for the interpretation of videogames based on the semiotic theory of Charles S. Peirce. This model is the basis of a series of analyses of a range of videogames and other interactive work on the dynamics of genre, style and authorship. While most of the research involved the close play of games, using video transcriptions and tools to analyze game footage, it also relies on interviews with game creators, industry reports, and discussions with game players in both North America and Japan


The Information Tecnology (IT) has been developed very fast in the last 40 years and despite of the high amount of investment and the intensive participation in firms, it's not a simple task to evaluate IT investments. This question was highly emphasized after the discovers, at macroeconomic level, that USA invested heavily in IT, yet productivity growth slowed, originating the so called productivity paradox. The questions that follows about what was the return from IT to the firms and how to measure it have passed from quantitative to qualitative perspectives along the years. However, it wasn't a consensus about the returns from IT to firms and not even about how to measure it, yet some possible reasons for the problem were developed. A descriptive and exploratory research based on a literature review, allowed evidencing that the manager decision making about TI investment is difficult, due to the dimensions that have to be taken into account and the quantity of measurement techniques that make it a complex task. Thus the use of hybrid techniques, like the balanced scorecard, could be a possible solution, allowing the manager take more coherent decisions related to this investment.


Relational databases are used store financial records, keep track of inventory and to keep records on employees. In a relational database, information is stored in tables. The expensive of setting up and maintaining the database system Advances in the complexity of information databases have limits on field lengths and type. Mongo DB is a cross-platform document-oriented database program, Classified as a NoSQL database program and Mongo DB uses JSON-like documents with schema. It is non relational database technologies which arose under the NoSQL banner for use in big data applications and other processing jobs involving data that doesn't fit well in a rigid relational model Document databases store semi-structured data and descriptions of that data in document format. They allow developers to create and update programs without needing to reference master schema. Document databases are used for content management and mobile application data handling. Mongo DB has developed a tried and tested approach to constructing an Operational Data Layer. This process for constructing an Operational Data Layer has been successfully implemented with many customers. A successfully implemented ODL is a springboard for agile implementation of new business requirements. IndexTerms Document-based , NoSQL, Time stamp, scalability , Sharding.


Thank you very much for reading what the oregon health plan can teach us about managed mental health care. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this what the oregon health plan can teach us about managed mental health care, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


Mutagenesis has been used to generate highly productive and stress tolerant variants of microbes. In this study a random mutagenesis using a chemical mutagen, ethidium bromide, was carried out on Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from Ethiopian traditionally fermented cow milk. Twenty colonies of LAB were isolated and out of which two isolates (B6S01 and A6B08) with least mean pH scores were selected and characterized to genus level. After being mutagenized with four different concentrations of ethidium bromide (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g.L -1 ), 80 survivors were selected and screened. Accordingly, four mutants with the least mean pH scores were selected and characterized. The two wild type isolates, (B6S01 and A6B08) with mean pH 4.50 ± 0.03 and 4.52 ± 0.02 respectively, were identified as Lactobacillus spp. and Lactococcus spp respectively. The mutagenesis affected the sugar fermentation pattern and acidification potential of the mutants. The mutant types MAS03 and MAB18 were now able to ferment arabinose and fructose, and galactose respectively. Lower mean pH values were associated with ethidium bromide at 0.5 g -1 L and 1.5 gL -1 concentration significantly (p<0.01). However, ethidium bromide at 2.0 gL -1 concentration resulted the least pH value, 4.20 ± 0.03, on the mutant MAB37. The effectiveness of the mutagenesis was demonstrated by better acidification potential and unique array of sugar fermentation. Utilization of these identified mutants in dairy processing could reduce production cost and enhance productivity.


The key aspect of syndrome study is methodology breakthroughs.TCM syndrome is a non-linear system of complex giant system.From the perspective of complexity science to seek syndrome research methodology is the important way.The introduction of artificial neural network to TCM syndrome research consistents with the TCM syndrome connotation system requirements,and is feasible.The topics focus on TCM syndrome characteristics of the complexity of the system to explore the standardization of TCM syndrome research methodology,designed for the current study provides further evidence of a new line of thought.


In order to solve the problem that IDS couldn't detect undefined intrusion behavior effectively, this paper presents a technique inspired by the negative selection mechanism of the immune system that can detect foreign patterns in the complement space. The novel pattern detectors are evolved using a genetic search, which could differentiate varying degrees of abnormality in network traffic. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of such a technique to detect a wide variety of intrusive activities on networked computers. Experiments are performed using intrusion detection data sets and tested for validation.


3083 Background: MGCD265 targets wild type Met, as well as clinically relevant Met mutants, VEGFR-1,-2 and -3, Ron and Tie-2. MGCD265 combinability with erlotinib is being evaluated in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies. Combining Met and EGFR inhibitors has recently been shown to be synergistic and can overcome resistance to either Met or EGFR inhibitors.

METHODS
Eligible pts in the initial cohort received MGCD265 at 96 mg/m2 once daily (QD) and erlotinib at 100 mg QD. Subsequent cohorts received full dose erlotinib (150 mg QD) with incremental doses of MGCD265, initially on a QD schedule and thereafter twice daily (BID) during a 21-day cycle. The primary objective was to determine the safety profile. Secondary objectives include anti-tumor activity, pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK).

RESULTS
Pt characteristics (n=33): gender: 23 M/10 F; median age: 57 (range 39-76) years; ECOG 0/1: 18/15. Dose limiting toxicities include: diarrhea (1/8 pts at MGCD265 96 mg/m2 QD + erlotinib 100 mg); rash (1/9 pts at MGCD265 144 mg/m2 QD + erlotinib 150 mg) and fatigue (1/9 pts at MGCD265 144 mg/m2 QD + erlotinib 150 mg). The BID regimen of MGCD265 has been introduced at 72 mg/m2. One pt with NSCLC experienced a partial response (after 2 cycles of treatment and continuing) and one pt with gastric cancer had resolution of ascites and a decrease in gastric wall thickness (cycle 15 and continuing). Molecular profiling of the archived tumor biopsy from this latter pt showed high levels of Met and phospho-Met protein expression in the absence of MET and EGFR gene amplification or detectable mutations. Prolonged disease stabilization was observed in another pt with gastric cancer (8 cycles and continuing). Ten other pts completed 4-10 cycles. To date, a decrease in HGF plasma levels was observed in Cycle 1 Day 8. Preliminary PK data with MGCD265 in QD dosing indicated no drug-drug interaction and MGCD265 steady state plasma concentrations were multiples above the IC50 for Met and VEGFR2.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinical data to date indicate that MGCD265 can be combined with full dose erlotinib with early signs of clinical activity. This combination merits additional testing in NSCLC and gastric cancer.


The competitive interference of inter-species' larvae and imagoes between Chrysoperia sinica and Harmonia axyridishad been studied under the condition of co-existence of all natural enemies.The result showed that the competitive interference of the larvae of these two was evident,while the larvae of Chrysoperia sinica had advantage in term of co-hunting for food.With regard to inter-imagoes' interference,the hunting of Harmonia axyridisfor aphids was advantage over Chrysoperia sinica.When all insect patterns of these two natural enemies captured aphids,the competitive advantage of both the elder larvae and adult imagoes capturing younger larvae was obvious.


A metamorphic field gradient has been investigated in the Moldanubian zone of the central European Variscides encompassing, from base to the top, a staurolite–kyanite zone, a muscovite–sillimanite zone, a K‐feldspar–sillimanite zone, and a K‐feldspar–cordierite zone, respectively. The observed reaction textures in the anatectic metapsammopelites of the higher grade zones are fully compatible with experimental data and petrogenetic grids that are based on fluid‐absent melting reactions. From structural and microstructural observations it can be concluded that the boundary between the kyanite–staurolite zone and the muscovite‐ and K‐feldspar–sillimanite zones coincides with an important switch in deformation mechanism(s). Besides minor syn‐anatectic shearing (melt‐enhanced deformation), microstructural criteria point (a) to a switch in deformation mechanism from rotation recrystallization (climb‐accommodated dislocation creep) to prism slip and high‐temperature (fast) grain boundary migration in quartz (b) to the activity of diffusion creep in quartz–feldspar layers, and (c) to accommodation of strain by intense shearing in fibrolite–biotite layers. It is suggested that any combination of these deformation mechanisms will profoundly affect the rheological characteristics of high‐grade metamorphic rocks and significantly lower rock strength. Hence, the boundary between these zones marks a major rheological barrier in the investigated cross section and probably also in other low‐ to medium‐pressure/high‐temperature areas. At still higher metamorphic grades (K‐feldspar‐cordierite zone), where the rheologically critical melt percentage is reached, rock rheology is mainly governed by the melt and other deformation mechanisms are of minor importance. In the study area, the switch in deformation mechanism(s) is responsible for large‐scale strain partitioning and concentration of deformation within the higher‐temperature hanging wall during top‐to‐the‐S thrusting, thus preserving a more complete petrostructural record within the rocks of the footwall including indications for a ?Devonian high‐ to medium‐pressure/medium‐temperature metamorphic event. Thrusting is accompanied by diapiric ascent of diatexites of the K‐feldspar‐cordierite zone and infolding of the footwall, suggesting local crustal overturn in this part of the Moldanubian zone.


The JPL Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) is one of nine centers processing data for the Earth Observation System. As the physical oceanography data center, it archives, processes, and distributes data to researchers from various satellites. Data holdings can be searched through the Global Change Master Directory, and an advanced information management system is now in prototype.


The h-index was suggested by Jorge E. Hirsch as a tool for determining theoretical physicists' relative quality and is sometimes called the Hirsch index. 1 The h-index is defined as follows : A scientist has index h if h of his/her N p papers have at least h citations each and the other (Np-h) papers have no more than h citations each. In other words, a scholar with an index of h has published h papers each of which has been cited by others at least h times. Thus, the h-index reflects both the number of publications and the number of citations per publication. The index is designed to improve upon simpler measures such as the total number of citations or publications. The index works properly only for comparing scientists working in the same field ; citation conventions differ widely among different fields.


The story of Newton and the apple was quick to strike the imagination of philosophers and has long been cherished as one of the most delightful as well as important anecdotes in the history of science. Human nature being what it is, however, and particularly among Fellows of the Royal Society, it was perhaps natural that the national and professional predilection for scepticism should sooner or later direct its shafts against it. It was by the publication of Sir David Brewster's biographical studies on Newton that doubt arose about the validity of the tradition, if it may be so called, that Newton's attention was directed to the possibility of there being a universal force of gravitation through meditation on the fall of an apple from a tree in the orchard at his home, Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, at some time during his enforced absence from Cambridge in the Plague years of 1665 and 1666.


Roadside Units (RSUs) aided certificate service is a promising approach for ensuring security and privacy preservation in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In existing approaches, a vehicle can update certificate only when it passes by RSUs, however, this is impractical in many scenarios. Consequently, if there are no RSUs on the original driving trip, drivers have to adjust routes which means wasting time and money (oil). More seriously, traffic jams may occur nearby RSUs. In this paper, we propose ECHO, an efficient certificate updating scheme by Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications. In ECHO, by adopting the geographic routing protocols, a vehicle cannot only send the certificate request to immobile RSUs but also inform an RSU where the response message should be sent back. Thereafter, two strategies, estimating locations and employing intersection buffer unit, are studied. ECHO would not leak the trace of vehicles. Furthermore, academic analysis demonstrates that our scheme can guarantee vehicles to update certificate successfully even they are far from RSUs.


Summary The objective of the present paper was to isolate microorganisms (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Azotobacter sp.) from the rhizospheric soil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and investigate their biostimulatory (plant growth-promoting – PGP) and biocontrol potential. The bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of rosemary included 15 bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, 20 of the genus Bacillus, and 11 of the genus Azotobacter. Based on the morphological characteristics of colonies and cells, representative isolates of each genus were chosen (marked as Pseudomonas sp. P42, P43, P44; for Bacillus isolates B83, B84, B85, B92, B93; and for Azotobacter isolates A15 and A16) for different physiological and biochemical examination. The study included in vitro screening of the bacterial isolates for their PGP and biocontrol properties. Pseudomonas isolates showed the ability to live at low temperature (10ºC) and high pH (9), and to use different sources of carbon. All Pseudomonas isolates produced lipase, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, and utilized organic and inorganic phosphorus, while only isolate P42 produced amylase, pectinase and cellulase. Only Bacillus isolates could grow at 45 ºC (all Bacillus isolates), pH 5 (isolates B83), and on a medium containing NaCl 5 and 7% (all isolates). Isolates denoted as B83 and B93 produced lipase, amylase, and pectinase. All isolates had the ability to solubilize phosphate, produce siderophores (except B85) and hydrogen cyanide, while only two isolates (B84 and B85) produced IAA. Azotobacter isolates had the optimal growth at 37ºC and minimal growth on a medium with pH 6 and 9. All Azotobacter isolates used all carbohydrates as a source of carbon and produced lipase, amylase, and hydrogen cyanide. The best result in suppressing the growth of pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum was achieved by using isolate B92. Application of isolate B83 led to the greatest growth suppression of Sclerotinium sclerotiorum.


. Constructed Technosols are important means to substitute natural soil material such as peat and geogenic material to be used in urban green infrastructure. One of the most important features of such soils is related to the water cycle and can be described by the soil water retention curve (WRC). The WRC depends on the composition of the constructed Technosols e.g. their components and their mixing ratio. The diversity of possible components and the infinite number of mixing ratios practically prohibit the experimental identification of the optimal composition regarding the targeted soil functions. In this 5 study we propose a compositional model for predicting the WRC of any binary mixture based on the measured WRCs of it's two pure components only (basic scheme) or with one additional mixture (extended scheme). The model is developed from existing methods for estimating the porosity in binary mixtures. The compositional model approach was tested for four data sets of measured WRCs for different binary mixtures taken from the literature. To assess the suitability of these mixtures for typical urban applications, the distribution of water and air in 50 cm high containers filled with the mixtures was predicted 10 under hydrostatic conditions. The difference between the maxima of the pore-size distributions ∆ PSD max of the components indicates the applicability of the compositional approach. For binary mixtures with small ∆ PSD max , the water content deviations between the predicted and the measured WRCs range from 0 . 004 to 0 . 039 m 3 m − 3 . For mixtures with a large ∆ PSD max , the compositional model is not applicable. The knowledge of the WRC of any mixing ratio enables the quick choice of a Data availability. In the appendix we provide the fitting parameters and WRC models used to represent the water retention data sets presented in this study. The raw data from third parties can not be made available. The raw data related to the work by Willaredt and Nehls (2021) can be obtained upon request from the corresponding author. capillary


Risk factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) include tumor size, location, mitosis, and tumor rupture. Although the first three are commonly recognized as independent prognostic factors, tumor rupture is not a consistent finding. Indeed, tumor rupture may be subjectively diagnosed and is rarely observed. Moreover, the criteria used for diagnosis differ among oncologists, which may result in inconsistent outcomes. Based on these conditions, a universal definition of tumor rupture was proposed in 2019 and was consists of six scenarios: tumor fracture, blood-staining ascites, gastrointestinal perforation at the tumor site, histologically proven invasion, piecemeal resection, and open incisional biopsy. Although the definition is considered appropriate for selection of GISTs with worse prognostic outcomes, each scenario lacks a high level of evidence and there is yet no consensus for some, including histological invasion and incisional biopsy. It may be, however, important to have common criteria for clinical decision-making, which may facilitate reliability, external validity and comparability of clinical studies in rare GISTs. After the definition, several retrospective reports indicated that even with adjuvant therapy, tumor rupture was associated with high recurrence rates and poor prognostic outcomes. The prognosis of patients with ruptured GISTs is improved by 5-year adjuvant therapy compared with 3-year therapy. Nevertheless, the universal definition requires further evidence, and prospective clinical studies based on the definition are warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Under the socialist marketing economic,the share holding system can help fulfill economic democracy,make the staff involved in decision-making,increase profits,create new measures to improve the security system and optimize the structures.Mastering and carrying the system are significant to perfect modern enterprises system,push the improvement of our economic structure and reach to a harmonious society.


Transmission of 1.12Tb/s/A and 560Gb/s/A 28Gbaud Nyquist DP-16QAM and DP-QPSK signals, across the C-band, over a 1 km and 24 km ring-core fibre supporting 5 spatial modes with allfibre mode-selective photonic lanterns (MSPL) is demonstrated.


Nowadays, among Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) models, the phrase-based SMT is highly appreciated, however, this model is still lacked of linguistics knowledge at a higher level such as morphological, syntactic and semantic information. Consequently, the results of this approach are still limited by the issue of long sentences. So, using morphological information from such as phrase chunking on the purpose of reducing the length of sentences to improve the translation quality is a promising approach. And thus, it contributes to disambiguate the chunk alignment in the long sentences. In this paper, we present an approach of a chunk alignment applied to French-Vietnamese SMT. We tested the model system with a French-Vietnamese bilingual corpus which consists of 10,000 pairs and assessed the metrics measures. The result of the model of French-Vietnamese SMT based on chunk alignment is considerable with the BLEU metric measure which increases almost 2% compared to the baseline model.


Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most mobile components of the global carbon cycle. Corresponding transport processes in the environment have received plenty of attention in the context of carbon sequestration as well as the mobility of DOM-associated contaminants.

However, most previous transport studies have been conducted exclusively under continuous flow conditions, which are not comparable to real water flow characteristics in soil. The present study aims to address that gap in knowledge by systematically assessing the effect of defined flow interruption phases on the retention of DOM.

For that, the breakthrough behavior of DOM as affected by phases of flow interruption was investigated in an increasingly complex system of solid matrices rich in oxide mineral coatings: goethite coated quartz sand, disturbed Cambisol subsoil, and undisturbed Cambisol subsoil. The classic DLVO and extended DLVO (XDLVO) models including Lewis acid—base parameters were applied based on measurements of sessile drop contact angles and zeta potentials.

DOM retention was increasing with the duration of flow interruption, and retention was considerably higher in the soils than in goethite coated sand. After 112 hours of flow stagnation, DOM release from the soils was reduced to 16 to 22 % as compared to continuous flow conditions. The retention in the different solid matrix materials was well correlated with the respective amounts of oxalate and dithionite extractable oxide mineral phases. The DLVO model was capable of correctly predicting the mobility of DOM in goethite coated sand, but not in the soils, due to the fact that soil surface charge heterogeneities could not be measured. The XDVLO model predicted short-range hydrophilic repulsive interactions that may have contributed to the distinct tailing of the DOM breakthrough curves.

We conclude that the significant DOM retention during phases of flow stagnation phases shows that more complex flow regimes need to be considered in order to assess the mobility of DOM in soils. In fact, many previous studies excluding phases of flow stagnation likely overestimated the mobility of DOM in the environment.


Infection of mice with Hymenolepis diminuta, which is an 'exclusively' intestinal cestode, affects the number of eosinophils and non-eosinophilic cells with IgE or IgA on their surface in the lamina propria. Presence of IgE on eosinophils is basically a primary infection response, while after reinfection the response is primarily characterized by IgA. For IgE- as well as for IgA-bearing eosinophils the response is most abundant in the second quarter of the intestine which is the parasite's preferred habitat. For non-eosinophilic cells the effect is smaller and limited to the IgE-bearing cells, with the most significant effect in the second quarter of the intestine.


N-hydroxyurea (HU) at the concentration of 5 x 10 -4 M decreased the content of chlorophyll in detached cucumber cotyledons; at this concentration it has no inhibitory effect on growth. Benzylaminopurine, gibberelic acid and KCl partially reversed the inhibitory effect of HU on chlorophyll synthesis. HU stimulated yellowing of barley first leaf sections. The compound had little effect on leucine- 14 C incorporation to protein, and markedly inhibited uracil- 14 C incorporation in to RNA of the greening cucumber cotyledons. It is suggested that the inhibition of RNA and chlorophyll synthesis in HU-treated cucumber cotyledons follows the HU-dependent inhibition of DNA replication.


This invention relates to an end effector device for grasping and maneuvering objects such as berthing handles of a space telescope. The device includes a V-shaped capture window defined as inclined surfaces in parallel face plates which converge toward a retainer recess in which the handle is retained. A pivotal finger (30) meshes with a pair of pivoted fingers which rotate in counterrotation. The fingers rotate to pull a handle within the capture window into recess where latches lock handle in the recess. To align the capture window, plates may be cocked plus or minus five degrees on base. Drive means is included in the form of a motor coupled with a harmonic drive speed reducer, which provides for slow movement of the fingers at a high torque so that large articles may be handled. Novelty of the invention is believed to reside in the combined intermeshing finger structure, drive means and the harmonic drive speed reducer, which features provide the required maneuverability and strength.


Abstract : This report describes a collection of computer-based tools and techniques being developed to permit complex simulations and expert systems to be the basis for intelligent training systems. The goal of the training environment is to help the naive user of such software to learn the sophisticated knowledge it contains. The research strategy was to develop these tools for learning in the context of a specific complex learning situation; the focus is on SWIRL, a strategic war-gaming simulation written at RAND in ROSS, an object-oriented simulation language. This report describes the tools implemented to aid students in learning the objects and strategies that compose SWIRL, including the facilities to create scenarios interactively, inspect simulation objects, dynamically modify object behaviors, and perform experiments various military strategies. The aim is to teach students to make military strategic decisions as well as the experts in SWIRL.


In this paper, the impacts of installing superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) in radial and loop power distribution system are evaluated to improve voltage sag in both cases of with and without distributed generations (DG). Among various SFCLs, the hybrid type with a superconducting element in parallel with a current limiting reactor (CLR) is selected. This is more effective than resistor-type SFCLs because it reduces the burden on the superconducting element, ac losses and cost in distribution system. According to SFCLs impedance and their locations in power system, voltage sag will be improved by reducing the fault current. In this paper, SFCLs with various arrangement and CLR magnitudes are installed in distribution system and improving the voltage sags on different buses are examined according to fault position. Area of severity (AOS) method and expected annual sag frequency (ESF) are used to analyze the voltage sag. The results show that installing SFCL can improve the voltage sags as well as fault current reduction in radial and loop distribution systems.


The efficiency of hydraulic fracturing treatment in reservoirs with low permeability can be improved by oriented fracturing assisted with hydraulic perforating.The 3D finite element mechanical model of wellbore with hydraulic perforating including formation,cement sheath and casing was established.The effects of hydraulic perforatiing parameters on the fracturing pressure were studied in detail by fine element method(FEM) combined with theory of elasticity mechanics and broken mechanism of rock.The results show that the fracturing pressure can be effectively decreased when hydraulic perforating are staggered in the direction of maximum horizontal in-situ stress,selecting shot density of 4 holes per meter and increasing hydraulic perforating depth.The conclusion provides the parameter criterion for oriented fracturing assisted by hydrojetting.


Abstract Laser forming is a process in which metal is shaped by thermally induced stresses, and there are three bending mechanisms. The technique involves locally heating the work piece by traversing it under a laser beam. Positioning tables with a minimum of x and y axes are used as the means of moving the metal. Control of the laser path is via the table movement and requires programs written in G-Code machine language. This can present problems for the designer but complimented by today's modern computing methods, there can be some relief from arduous number crunching and it can be possible that an old programming language, comparatively new software and an understanding of three-dimensional space, thermodynamics and design, can be combined for creating designed objects.


Treatment of bovine ovary sections with rabbit antibovine zona serum followed by fluorescein-conjugated goat antirabbit IgG produced a specific fluorescent staining only of the zonae pellucidae. Fluorescence was greater near the inner and outer surface of the zona, suggesting that either the same antigen occurs in higher concentration in these regions or that there is more than one antigen, the most immunogenic being located peripherally. In some atretic follicles fluorescent material appeared to diffuse into the degenerating oocyte and into the intercellular spaces of the cumulus oophorus.


We describe an algorithm for placing room contents including furniture and general clutter in a virtual environment according to design constraints specified in the form of a Petri net. We have implemented a prototype system and present images generated by it. The outputs of our prototype are believable, varied, random, yet controllable and structured room layouts suitable for video games.


Although quite distant from the author's domain of inquiry (sociology of religion and of religious change), or – partly – just for this reason, I found this paper by Melissa Wilde of particular interest. Generally speaking, the issue in itself – what really happened at the Second Vatican Council? – is no doubt original and worth tackling through sociological eyes, given the impact of this event on the unfolding of subsequent key socio-cultural changes. Taken as a whole, the chapter is also relevant from the standpoint of organisation analysis, which, besides offering a tool to which the author resorts in supporting her argument, constitutes my own main field of research. In this respect, the proposed framework deserves theoretical merit for two main reasons. Firstly, it is in line with an expanded view of organisation studies, the time for which – it might be added – has definitely come. This perspective argues for the need to go beyond traditional approaches of conceptualising organisation analysis either as a separate and specialised discipline (with its self-contained problematic, theoretical structures and object of study, i.e. formal organisations) or as an interdisciplinary science of organisations (integrating the contributions to the understanding of organisational phenomena that originated in various research domains such as sociology, psychology, cultural anthropology and suchlike). More holistically, and stimulated by the growing appreciation of how the fabric of social life and practices reweaves around the warp of organisations' behaviour and micro/macro organising activities [Perrow 1991; Stern and Barley 1996; Weick 1979], the expanded view suggests that organisation theory may work as a sort of "dispersed" sensibility, providing scholars with categories and insights that are useful for addressing specific areas of social ac


Abstract Luminescence and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance studies have been performed in undoped and doped KNbO3 single crystals. Correlating both types of measurements we present a characterization of the influence of impurity ions in the exciton luminescent response.


There are many companies which did diversification strategy, related or
unrelated, and this is very interesting to be an object research. A company which did
unrelated diversification strategy called conglomerate firm. That firm indicates did
internal capital market mechanism. Internal capital market is a mechanism in firm
funding by cross subsidies in their own segment. Segment in internal capital market
divided into four segment, efficient subsidy segment (EFS), inefficient subsidy
segment (IFS), efficient transfer segment (ETS), and inefficient transfer segment (ITS).
The aim of this research is to find the empirical evidence regarding correlation
between four internal capital market components toward firm performance by its
excess value.
Sample in this research are conglomerate firm and single segment firm listed
in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2008 to 2012. The research samples are 19
conglomerate firm and 47 single segment firm. The analysis data uses panel data
regression fixed effect model (FEM). The sampling method is using a purposive
sampling method.
The results of this research shows that there is positive relationship between
efficient subsidy segment (EFS) toward excess value and shows negative relationship
between inefficient subsidy segment (IFS) and inefficient transfer segment (ITS)
toward excess value. But efficient transfer segment (ETS) has no relationship toward
excess value. This research also add size, leverage, liquidity, and profitability as
control variable. This research show that in conglomerate firm in Indonesia also did
internal capital market mechanism and there are an effect to firm performance


Before we get round to considering where the technology has got to, we ought to make an attempt to fill in the background, the context. Where is translation being carried out? Who is doing the translation? How is it being done? I have been trying to get to grips with these questions, but it is very difficult to seize on anything very definite. I will be using the phrase 'the translation profession', but in doing so I use it only as a convenient shorthand, because it is evident that while there is a distinguishable mainstream of translation, this stream does not run between clearly defined banks, but at its periphery spreads itself over, and loses itself in, a very wide area of marshland, the extent of which is impossible to survey. We tend to underestimate the amount of translation work being carried on outside our view; outside the view, that is, of those working in the international institutions with their established structures and developing career patterns, or active in the translator associations, or marketing ourselves to the commercial world. Even in our over-compartmentalised profession, we are in touch with one another, we all know something about ethical codes, about working practices, about new developments. The one major survey of the world translation market carried out in recent years, that by the Bureau Marcel van Dijk for the Commission of the European Communities, stuck very much to the mainstream. But I think that the companies selling machine translation systems, with what they have found out by bringing a new drive and a new approach to the marketplace, reaching the places which the rest of us have never reached, will bear out my own impression, that there is a huge volume of translation work being carried on out there by people we have never heard


Current approaches to enabling access to computer games are typically fragmentary, and may involve manual expert configuration of the game, or of the input or output devices used. We present work towards a comprehensive software framework to facilitate dynamic adaptation of computer games to different levels of physical and cognitive abilities. The framework is grounded on a task analysis of gameplay by expert players, and integrates automatic modification of games tasks, interaction techniques, and input device configuration according to a profile of user abilities.


The invention provides a preparation method of cordyceps militaris compound wine. The preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting and drying high-quality cordyceps militaris fruit bodies and obtaining cordyceps militaris superfine powder by adopting the low temperature superfine grinding technology; fully and uniformly mixing the cordyceps militaris superfine powder with high-quality spirit with high alcohol content, then putting the mixture in a ceramic wine jar to be soaked, controlling the room temperature of the ceramic wine jar to be 15-20 DEG C, stirring the mixture periodically, filtering the solution and taking the supernatant, thus obtaining the cordyceps militaris wine base; blending the cordyceps militaris wine base with a blending liquid to prepare the drink wine with an appropriate alcohol content. The preparation method is simple in steps, has low equipment requirements and is controllable in quality and low in cost and the active ingredients in the body of the cordyceps militaris compound wine prepared by the method are abundant and measurable.


We study the J= ψ → γπ þ π − , γπ 0 η reactions from the perspective that they come from the J= ψ → ϕ ð ω Þ π þ π − ; ρ 0 π 0 η reactions, where the ρ 0 , ω , and ϕ get converted into a photon via vector meson dominance. Using models successfully used previously to study the J= ψ → ω ð ϕ Þ ππ reactions, we make determinations of the invariant mass distributions for π þ π − in the regions of the f 0 ð 500 Þ , f 0 ð 980 Þ , and for π 0 η in the region of the a 0 ð 980 Þ . The integrated differential widths lead to branching ratios below present upper bounds, but they are sufficiently large for future check in updated facilities.


The title compound, [Ce(C12H14F3O2)2(C6H18NSi2)(C6H15N3)], is a rare example of a structurally characterized lanthanide(III) camphorate. The CeIII atom shows a distorted trigonal–dodecahedral coordination, formed by the N atom of the amido ligand [Ce—N = 2.428 (5) A], four O atoms of two η2-bonded camphorate groups [average Ce—O = 2.459 (4) A] and three N atoms of a chelating triazacyclohexane donor [average Ce—N = 2.808 (6) A].


The weight of cervical cancer growth for women living in Africa is the largest. Vaccination, testing and treatment efforts need to be improved and investigated. It is essential. Each of the eligible papers the review schedule, geographical region / nation, study central focus and main findings were reported and showed the importance and analysis participation in each field. In each of the following four wellbeing classification systems studies explicitly focusing on the HIV-contaminated women or credibility concerns has been represented. 380 papers and notes on work have been included. Across Africa, the majority (54.6%) of cervical illnesses rely on voluntary preventative interventions (treatment). Throughout the preceding decade, the productivity levels concentrated on critical counter actments (23.4%), in particular HPV vaccine. Study in precancerous sores diagnosis and cervical interference development is on the rise (17.6%), but in many countries the structure and attainability barriers have hampered attempts to diagnose or assess them. Research investigating aspects of women's personal happiness with genital cancer development have been significantly limited (4.1%). Cervical cancer growth look into in African nations has expanded consistently over the previous decade, however more is required. Tertiary counteraction (for example treatment of illness with compelling medication) and personal satisfaction of cervical malignancy survivors are two seriously under-looked into regions. Correspondingly, there are a few nations in Africa with next to zero research at any point directed on cervical malignancy.


The current state of development of information and telecommunication systems is impressive with its pace of implementation, scope and variety of technologies. Introduction of IP-telephony in various spheres of human activity allows ordinary people to simplify their lives, implement the main aspects for business, such as: increasing sales, improving employee efficiency, improving customer service quality, automating work processes, presenting the necessary information for management, etc. This technology (IP-telephony) has become a vivid symbiosis of classical telephony and the Internet, combining all the most important functions of these technologies. However, using IP telephony is important to ensure the necessary level of cybersecurity, since failure to implement this aspect can lead to significant financial and image losses, so the development and research of new effective methods for improving the cyber security of IP-telephony is an urgent task. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to build a data model for improving the cyber security IP-PBX. To achieve the goal, we will create a variety of types of IP-PBX vulnerabilities, a set of steps to implement cyberattack on the IP-PBX and a set of actions to improve the cyber security of the IP-PBX, which will identify possible types of vulnerabilities for the IP-PBX, investigate the sequence of steps to implement cyberattacks on IP-PBX and after performing preventive actions to improve the level of cybersecurity IP-PBX. After setting up an IP telephony server, following the example presented in the article, successful implementation of a cyberattack requires a very high level of intruder qualification of hacker and significant logistical costs. The developed model will be useful, first of all, for system administrators, as well as for information security specialists in the response teams for cyber incidents such as Computer Emergency Response Team / Computer Security Incident Response Team, which are responsible for the security of information and telecommunication systems within enterprises and organizations.


Bank of Russia officials have recently declared the possibility of switching to the inflation targeting regime in the medium run. The article considers benefits and shortcomings of monetary policy regime as well as the economic performance of the inflation targeting countries. The authors conclude that Russia now starts meeting conditions crucial for the success of inflation targeting. In such circumstances Russian monetary authorities have an opportunity to weaken the exchange rate goal in favor of the inflation goal.


Independent studies and competitions over the last decade have provided a wealth of methods for deflecting near-Earth Objects (NEO)s on Earth close approaches or from direct impacting trajectories. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the deflection achieved by a gravity tractor acting on a "most likely PHA" recently studied through the NEOShield study. Topics investigated include the choice of propulsion system, scalability to NEOs in the range between 50 m to 200 m in diameter for spacecraft between 1000 kg and 12 000 kg, and discussion of mission scenarios and related operations. As a gravity tractor/kinetic impactor concept is also being investigated within the NEOShield study, we look at the measurements' and operations' requirements imposed on the gravity tractor serving as a precursor to an impactor spacecraft. We present a case study for a small spacecraft at the NEOs of interest for the NEOShield, and discuss the performance, trades and challenges involved in performing close proximity operations in such low gravity environments. 1. Introduction Among asteroid impact mitigation techniques, using a spacecraft mass to deflect a small body is a long time favorite due to its simplicity and its independence from the small body physical properties. This conclusion comes out of the recent reports from NASA [1] and the National Research Council (NRC) [2], which have reviewed the different mission concepts considered for asteroid impact mitigation. The concept of a gravity tractor is not new. Lu and Love [3] were the first to discuss the principles of a gravity tractor, presenting a 20-ton nuclear-electric powered concept in Nature. At the NASA workshop on NEOs in 2006, Schweickart et al. [4] discussed the concept for a 1000 kg spacecraft over 20 years. Then, the dynamics and control of a gravity tractor were further discussed by Wie [5] using a halo orbit to accommodate multiple tractoring spacecraft, and by Fahnestock for large spacecraft [6,9]. In 2008, JPL released a technical report on the feasibility of a proposed 1000-kg gravity tractor to avoid a gravitational keyhole [7]. The study assesses the improvement in the orbit determination of a NEO+gravity tractor over ground-based observations, indicating with precision the required deflection (if any) to prevent a keyhole entry. It is shown that existing radio tracking capabilities could provide sufficient knowledge on time scales of a week. Simulations were carried to demonstrate a proposed hovering control law for the spacecraft to stay up to six months at the asteroid. Combined with a kinetic impactor, the study also discusses the gravity tractor ability to determine the asteroid's new trajectory after a kinetic impact, and to perform any necessary trim maneuvers. As part of the NEOShield study, we investigate the feasibility and applicability of the gravity tractor for small NEOs with diameters between 50 m and 200 m. We also discuss related operations involved in having precursor spacecraft to either a larger tractor or a kinetic impactor, and give a case study. Other topics related to the gravity tractor have still been relatively unexplored. For instance, the deflection of binary asteroid systems and the influence of the Yarkovsky effect combined tractoring have yet to be fully studied (see [8,9,10,11] for previous work). We also include short discussions on those topics in the last section. 2. NEAs of Interest The focus of the NEOShield study is on near-Earth asteroids with diameter between 50 m and 200 m. We also investigate the particular case of 2011 AG5, which was thought to be a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid until very recently. For the generic cases, a density value of 1.5 ± 0.5 g/cm was chosen, which includes about 80% density values that have been estimated to date for NEOs [14]. For consistency with other work done on 2011 AG5, the publish mass of 4 x 10 kg is kept for the analyses [15]. Assuming a density value at the upper limit of 2.0 g/cm, AG5's diameter is 156 m. The NEA characteristics are listed in Table 2. Table 1. Characteristics of NEAs of Interests. NEAs Diameter (m) Density (g/cm) Mass (kg) Surface grav. (cm/s) Vel escape (cm/s) Hill's sphere (km) Lower limit NEA 50 1.5 ± 0.5 9.82 ± 3.27 x10 0.7 – 1.4 1.9 – 2.6 3.3 – 4.2 Upper limit NEA 200 1.5 ± 0.5 6.28 ± 2.09 x10 2.8 – 5.6 7.5 – 10.6 13.3 – 16.8 2011 AG5 156 2 4 x10 5.5 8.8 13.1 3. Fundamentals and Assumptions To maximize deflection a gravity tractor should be placed such that the NEO is accelerated either along or against its instantaneous velocity vector [5]. Assuming a circular orbit, the resulting deflection and change in speed caused by an acceleration along the velocity vector can be expressed analytically as a function of the lead time and thrusting time : For a given standoff distance , the gravity tractor must point its thrusters at a minimum canting angle β to avoid plume impingement of the NEO. This is usually represented as shown in Figure 1 [3]. Since it is desirable to minimize cosine losses, β is chosen such that the edge of exhaust plume is tangential to the NEO: To maintain a fixed standoff distance, the spacecraft must exert thrust to mitigate the gravitational force between itself and the NEO: where and which gives the relation: The NEO's acceleration due to the presence of the gravity tractor is given by: since And the thrusting time is given by: . There exists an optimal standoff distance that maximizes the deflection , calculated through for the optimal thruster canting angle and finding through equation . β Figure 1. Geometry of the gravity tractor and near-‐Earth object [3]. As the mitigation concept feasibility study is shared among few partners (Astrium, University of Surrey, SETI CSC), the common assumptions were: Launcher considered: Delta-V Heavy (D IV H) and Falcon Heavy (FH) Hyperbolic insertion: C3 < 6 km/s Generic transfer Delta-V of spacecraft to asteroid: ~ 3 km/s Transfer time (of spacecraft to asteroid): 2 years The above gives a maximum delivered mass to asteroid (assuming low-thrust, Isp 4300 s): o 11600 kg (FH, 858 kg propellant used during transfer) o 9000 kg (D IV H, 666 kg propellant used during transfer) Due to study of 2011 AG5, Earth impact is still assumed to be in 2040 A gravity tractor is limited to a lifetime of 15-20 yrs Launching year limit: 2039 3. Capability of a gravity tractor as a function of the NEO Figure 2 and 3 show the deflection capability of a gravity tractor as a function of the target body diameter for bounding values of typical asteroid densities. The NEO diameter has a strong influence on the b-plane deflection capability of a gravity tractor. For example, a 1000 kg gravity tractor that can deflect a 50 m asteroid by 35,000 km after 25 years will be able to displace a 200 m object by 750 m over the same time period. Figure 3 shows deflection comparison for larger gravity tractor, up to 13500 kg. If the mission is limited to 15 years, a 50 m NEO would be deflected 16000 km while the 200 m NEO would be deflected by 425 m (Figure 4 and 5). From these results, we conclude that for the asteroids of interest, the gravity tractor could be used as a deflection method against direct impact for the very small NEOs (50 m diameter), while a keyhole deflection or trajectory fine tuning strategy would be more appropriate and realistic for the 200 m case. As the NEO increases in size, this mitigation concept becomes more applicable to keyhole deflection. The advantage a gravity tractor over alternate impact mitigation techniques is that its performance is largely independent of the composition and rotation rate of the NEO. As long as the gravity tractor maintains a fixed standoff distance it will exert a steady gravitational force regardless of the NEO's porosity, fragmentation and rotation. The irregularity and rotation of an asteroid could however affect the gravity tractor's ability to maintain a fixed standoff distance due to resonance and other periodic effects. Yeomans et al. (2008) have characterized the translational station keeping requirements of a gravity tractor operating in proximity of an aspherical asteroid [7].


BACKGROUND
Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the developed world that kills half of all long-term users. Tobacco use after solid organ transplantation is associated with allograft dysfunction, cancer, and reduced overall survival.

METHODS
In this single-center, retrospective study, we describe the frequency of tobacco use after lung transplantation (LTx), pre-transplant patient characteristics associated with tobacco use, and the safety, efficacy and outcomes of post-transplant tobacco cessation interventions.

RESULTS
Four percent of our LTx cohort resumed tobacco use post-transplant. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p= 0.043), the cessation duration prior to LTx (p<0.001), and the packyear-cessation-index (PCI) (p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with tobacco use post-transplant. A PCI cut-off value of 0.32 had a 100% sensitivity and 45% specificity for tobacco use resumption. Thirty-five percent of the post-transplant tobacco users successfully quit tobacco consumption.

CONCLUSION
Patients with COPD and a short duration of smoking cessation prior to LTx were at greatest risk of tobacco use after LTx. The packyear-cessation index may be a useful predictor of tobacco use resumption. Pharmacological tobacco cessation interventions were found to have a comparable safety and efficacy profile compared to non-transplant patients.


In this paper, we study the shape of the leaves. More specifically, we show that leaf shapes are affected by genes and external environment in different species; and affected by leaf vein and leaf distribution In the same species. Based on shape features, color features and vein features, a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) Model is established by using Polar Fourier Transform. Finally, our experimental test shows that the total classification accuracy is 85.7%.


【This study was carried out to investigate the oral toxicity of HAD in mice. The results were summarized as follows: 1. HAD did not induced any toxicological effect in the body weight changes of mice. 2. HAD(2.5g/kg, 0.25g/kg) treated group were increased as compared with control group in the hematological values of mice. 3. ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, CPK were not increased in HAD(2.5g/kg, 0.25g/kg) treated group as compared with control group in the serological values of mice. 4. Brain, Heart, Liver, Spleen, Kidney's weight were not increased in HAD(2.5g/kg, 0.25g/kg) treated group as compared with control group in the organ's weight of mice. 5. HAD(2.5g/kg, 0.25g/kg) treated group did not induced any toxicological effect in the gross findings in mice's any organs. 6. HAD(10g/kg , 5g/kg, 2.5g/kg, 1.25g/kg) treated group did not induced any toxicological effect in the histopathological findings in mice's any organs. 7. HAD(2.5g/ kg, 0.25g/ kg) treated group did not induced any toxicological effect in the histopathological findings in mice's any organs. From above results, HAD has not toxicological effects to mice.】


The ecology and conservation biology of freshwater mussels (superfamily Unionoidea) has been the subject of a rapidly increasing number o f field studies over the past two decades. Among the factors explaining this level o f interest is the realizatian that freshwater mussels are among the most endangered and threatened fauna {WILLIAMS et al. 1992). North America supports the largest variety offreshwater mussels o n the planet with over 300 recognized species and subspecies belonging to either the family Unionidae or Margaritiferidae (WrLLIAMS et al. 1992). In addition, aquatic biologists and conservation biologists recognize that, especially in flowing waters, freshwater mussels can play a significant functional ro le in filtering suspended particles and recycling nutrients (e.g. VAUGHN et al. 2004 ). Moreover, the hos t fish involved in the dispersal o f mussellarvae, as well as the conservation status ofthe species, are not well known for the majority of taxa. In a separate study ofthe water quality ofthe Raisin River system, Eastern Ontario, Canada, freshwater mussels were often found in riffie zones. A more detailed sampling was subsequently conducted to determine the structure ( abundance, diversity, and distribution) ofthe mussel communities and whether this structure could be explained by environmental factors. The specific objectives were to: (l) determine the species richness and quantify mussel abundance at a range of riffie si tes, (2) investigate their spatial distribution (within tributaries and between-tributaries or main branches) in relation to stream environmental factors, (3) determine relationships with habitat characteristics and environmental factors, and finally (4) examine the relationship between mussel and fish community structure.


In recent years, advances in molecular genetics have provided powerful tools to address critical issues in forest pathology to help promote resilient forests. Although molecular genetic tools are initially applied to understand individual components of forest pathosystems, forest pathosystems involve dynamic interactions among biotic and abiotic components of the environment. More sophisticated and holistic molecular genetic approaches are now available to better understand dynamic interactions of forest pathosystems. This presentation will describe how advanced molecular genetic technologies can improve our understanding of ecosystem interactions to promote resilient forests. These molecular genetic tools include (1) molecular diagnostics for detecting, identifying, and monitoring forest pathogens and other organisms; (2) phylogenetics for determining evolutionary relationships and global distributions of forest hosts, pathogens and associated organisms; (3) population genetics for assessing population structure of forest organisms; (4) genomics for evaluating gene structure and function; and (5) metagenomics for analyzing forest communities, ecological functions, and interactions among the abiotic and biotic environment.


A study was conducted in three districts around Lake Victoria; Kisumu (Kenya), Kiruhura (Uganda) and Tarime (Tanzania) to assess the farmers' perceptions on tick-borne diseases (TBDs) and resistance of their local cattle breeds to TBDs. Knowledge and perception of farmers on production constraints, tick species, TBDs and their control measures and resistance of local cattle to TBDs were assessed through individual interviews and group discussions. The extent of East Coast fever (ECF) infection in local cattle was assessed by measuring serum antibodies to Theileria parva. The prevalence of serum antibodies to Theileria parva was determined using an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique. The breeds kept were Nyanza zebu, Tarime zebu and Ankole in Kisumu, Tarime and Kiruhura, respectively. Livestock diseases were ranked as the most important constraints to cattle production. Tick-borne diseases ranked higher than the other diseases. Most livestock farmers knew well the signs of the TBDs. The main symptoms mentioned were circling/high stepping, red urine, hard dung and swollen lymphnodes for heart water, babesiosis, anaplasmosis and East Coast Fever (ECF), respectively. The most prevalent ticks were brown ear ticks (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) (97.5%), blue ticks (Boophilus spp) (75.8%) and bont ticks (Amblyloma spp) (81.5%). About 85, 12.5 and 7.5% of the respondents in Kiruhura,Kisumu and Tarime, respectively, knew that ECF is caused by the presence of ticks on the animals. The majority of the farmers did not associate the other TBDs with ticks. The farmers (59%) were using acaricide to control ticks. The most common method of application was hand spraying. Most farmers used Oxytetracycline to treat all TBDs, however, some farmers (20%) used local herbs. About 75 to 92.5% of the farmers considered their breeds to be resistant to ticks and ECF. The reasons given included not applying acaricide for a long time, animals always carry ticks without getting sick or dieing and ECF affects only calves and not adult animals. The serum antibody prevalence was 80.1, 78.2 and 60% in Tarime, Ankole and Nyanza zebu cattle, respectively. The prevalence of antibodies to Theileria parva did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between calves (75.5%), yearlings (80%) and adult animals (73.4%). It is concluded that Theileria parva infection in cattle around the Lake Victoria basin is highly prevalent. The farmers know the signs of ECF, but do not spray/dip their animals on a regular basis because of economic reasons and also they consider their breeds to be resistant to ticks and ECF.


Simple binary Na₂S-SiO₂ oxysulfide glasses were prepared by a conventional melt-quench method in order to investigate the role of sulfur in glass structure and the electronic state. By X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement, S2p binding energy of the glass was observed at approximately 161eV which was close to that of ionic S 2- . The coordinating state around silicon atoms were investigated by 29 Si MAS-NMR measurement. The chemical shift observed from NMR supported that sulfur atom was joined to a silicon atom by substituting for an oxygen atom and was present as a non-bridging sulfide ion in low alkali content. On the other hand, it could be presumed that a portion of sulfur anions existed in an isolated state from the glass-network frame at high alkali content. The state of these sulfurs was also studied by Raman spectroscopy in detail.


This study reports how lesbian families negotiate their family identities via symbols and rituals. Sixteen couple interviews were conducted with lesbian co-mothers (for a total of 32 participants) who had their children via donor insemination in the contexts of their current same-sex relationships. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Framed by symbolic interactionism, this study reports how these families negotiated affirmation and disconfirmation of their identities when interacting with families of origin, social networks, sperm donors, and community institutions.


The communication and cooperation between China railway depart-ment and their foreign counterparts on nondestructive testing standard,theory,technology and equipment and so on were introduced.


A research on Antenna design and simulation is a emerging area among researchers. Antenna is a basic element for wireless communication. There are various shaps and types of antenna, which uses in different allpication. Now a days Microstrip patch anteena is very useful in advance electronics devices applications. This paper focused on study based various types of microstrip antenna. Return loss, VSWR, bandwidth, resonant frequency and gain is key parameters to judge antenna performance. Good value of return loss is less than -10dB. Considerable range of VSWR is 1-2. CST microwave studio is a advance software to design and simulation of all types of antenna, filter etc.


We present the first clear identification and highly accurate measurement of the intra-shell transition 1s2p 3P2→1s2s 3S1 of He-like uranium performed via x-ray spectroscopy. The present experiment was conducted at the gas-jet target of the ESR storage ring in GSI (Darmstadt, Germany), where a Bragg spectrometer, with a bent germanium crystal, and a Ge(i) detector were mounted. Using the ESR deceleration capabilities, we performed a differential measurement between the 1s2p 3P2→1s2s 3S1 He-like U transition energy, at 4510 eV, and the 1s22p 2P3/2→1s22s 2S1/2 Li-like U transition energy, at 4460 eV. By a proper choice of the ion velocities, the x-ray energies from the He- and Li-like ions could be measured, in the laboratory frame, at the same photon energy. This allowed for a drastic reduction of experimental systematic uncertainties, principally due to the Doppler effect, and for a comparison with theory without the uncertainties arising from one-photon quantum electrodynamics predictions and nuclear size corrections.


The Gerber method (B.S. 696:1936) and the Röse Gottlieb method (B.S. 1741:1951) for the determination of the fat content of milk have been compared on 208 samples of milk covering the range of 2·5–6·0% fat. The following relationship was found between the Gerber percentage (G) and the Röse Gottlieb percentage (RG):G = 1·036 RG – 0·097. Thus, for milks containing 3·0, 4·0, 5·0 and 6·0% fat, as determined by the gravimetric Röse Gottlieb method, the Gerber test gave results which were higher, on the average, by 0·01, 0·05, 0·08 and 0·12% fat respectively. If the capacity of the Gerber milk pipette were reduced from 11·04 ml. of water, as specified at present, to 10·94 ml., the average results obtained by the two methods would be in agreement for milks with a fat content around 3·6%, the average for milk in England and Wales, and the difference between the results by the two methods would, for most purposes, be negligible over the normal range of fat content. Tables are given, for the 11·04 and 10·94 ml. milk pipettes, showing the average differences between the results by the two methods for various values of Gerber fat percentage.


The wave functions of single-electron states localised on a system of single-level ideal quantum dots in a semiconductor matrix are constructed. The standard Kane theory, which describes the renormalisation of the effective mass of electrons in bulk III − V semiconductors, is transformed, for the first time as far as we know, for small-size quantum dots. The renormalised electron mass in a quantum dot depends on its ground state energy, which, in turn, depends on this mass. Thus, a self-consistent problem is obtained for calculating the electron binding energy. The radius of the Debye screening of the Coulomb interaction in a system of quantum dots is calculated at room temperature. The Coulomb repulsion of electrons localised on dots limits from above the possible number of filled dots. The condition is formulated for the optimal concentration of quantum dots. A classical distribution function for the probability of quantum dot filling is constructed. It is found the state, where electrons fill exactly half the maximum possible number of filled dots, exhibits the minimal energy (and therefore the most stable), the condition being fairly universal. In particular, it can be used to estimate the limiting efficiency of quantum-dot diode lasers.