ABSTRACT Mussel mariculture uses the natural attachment strategy of marine mussels by allowing them to aggregate on submerged rope lines that are then pulled to the surface and harvested. Mussels attach to ropes using a network of byssal threads, proteinaceous fibers that adhere to surfaces underwater using a powerful biological glue (adhesive plaque). Plaques use the surrounding seawater as a molecular trigger during adhesive curing, a process that requires a pH greater than 7.0 and an abundance of dissolved oxygen to progress. To ascertain whether mussels experience seawater conditions that are potentially harmful to mussel attachment, this study measured the conditions within mussel aggregations at a mussel farm in Washington state and, then, applied those conditions to plaques to determine whether such conditions are sufficient to weaken attachment. Seawater monitoring demonstrated that mussels infrequently experience acidic (pH <5.0) and hypoxic excursions (O2 <2 mg L–1) in the summer, especially near the seafloor. When reproduced in laboratory assays, the most extreme pH excursions observed delayed plaque strengthening when applied early in the plaque-curing process, whereas extreme excursions in hypoxia decreased adhesion strength after the adhesive had fully matured. In either case, adhesion strength was rescued after reimmersion in open-ocean seawater conditions, highlighting the resilience of the mussel holdfast to stresses other than mechanical strain. The window of susceptibility to changes in environmental conditions during and after curing could contribute to fall-off events at mussel farms, especially in the late summer months.


This paper is a study on head bolts that are used in A/C compressors to reduce production cost and solve leak problems on the head bolt seat area that causes massive intermittent malfunctioning during production. In this study, the pre-heat treated steel, which was used as a material in the head bolt, eliminated the heat treatment process after forging. The pre-heat treated steel head bolts, which have 10 % lower tensile strength than the conventional SCM 435 head bolts, were selected after considering the results of creeping rupture properties, axial force, and stress concentration per tensile strength variation. Then, the performance test and the durability test with the A/C compressor that was assembled with the pre-heat treated steel head bolts were performed and verified. Based on the results, the pre-heat treated steel head bolts developed in this study saved 7.3 % in production cost by eliminating the heat treatment process and the logistics process. Furthermore, the leak problem on the head bolt seat area in the A/C compressor was addressed significantly on the mass production assembly line.


Appointments & Service Outfit Year*: Position: Post: District: HBCA Reference: *An Outfit year ran from 1 June to 31 May 1855-59 Labourer Ile Jėrėmie* Kings Posts B.134/g/30-34 (in charge) B.134/c/72,fos.438-438d; B.17/b/1, fos. 7d,15; D.5/48,fos.407,408d 1859-63 With the closing of the post, Samuel Miller was retired in 1859. He appears in HBC ledgers until the 1862-63 year, but received no wages during this period. (B.134/g/35-37; D.5/52,fo.300, B.17/c/1, fos. 186-188)


Demodulation of vibration signal to detect faults in machinery has been a prominent prevalent technique that is discussed by a number of authors. This paper deals with the demodulation of the current signal of an induction motor driving a multistage gearbox for its fault detection. This multistage gearbox has three gear ratios, and thus, three rotating shafts and their corresponding gear mesh frequencies (GMFs). The gearbox is loaded electrically by a generator feeding an electrical resistance bank. Amplitude demodulation and frequency demodulation are applied to the current drawn by the induction motor for detecting the rotating shaft frequencies and GMFs, respectively. Discrete wavelet transform is applied to the demodulated current signal for denoising and removing the intervening neighboring features. Spectrum of a particular level, which comprises the GMFs, is used for gear fault detection


Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multi-system disease affecting millions of people. The disease is characterized by vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), resulting in acute and chronic pain, end-organ damage and life-threatening complications. The symptoms experienced by patients, caused largely by multi-cellular adhesion leading to vaso-occlusion and vasculopathy, significantly affect their quality of life (QoL) and ability to work/study. Understanding the effect of SCD on patients' daily lives can inform management of the disease and improve patients' QoL.
 Aims: To assess the impact of SCD on patients' daily lives, including physical symptoms, emotional wellbeing and economic burden, based on the worldwide SWAY survey.
 Methods: SWAY is an ongoing multi-country, cross-sectional survey of SCD patients, caregivers and treating physicians. Data are collected using self-completed or proxy surveys and categories include demographics, symptoms and impact of disease (physical, emotional and financial) and need for a caregiver. Where relevant, questions include a 7-point severity scale for each statement, with a score of 5 to 7 indicating 'high severity/impact'. Patient enrollment is via treating physicians and patient association groups. The enrollment target is approximately 2000 patients.
 Results: To date, 1513 SCD patients (48% male, mean age 24.1 years, 63% HbSS and 30% SC disease) have been surveyed from countries across the world, including the USA (365), UK (299), Nigeria (264), Ghana (255), Brazil (160) and Germany (91). The most commonly experienced symptoms of SCD were bone aches (63%), difficulty concentrating (49%), difficulty gaining weight (49%) and joint stiffness (41%). For these symptoms, 67%, 53%, 70% and 59% of patients rated them as 'high severity' on the 7-point scale, respectively. Background pain was present on an average of 2.9 days per week (standard deviation [SD]=2.2). Commonly experienced complications of SCD include fever (65%), joint issues (55%) and infections (55%). Patients reported a total of 7829 VOCs, with a mean of 5.2 VOCs per patient (SD=5.07) in the 12 months before survey completion; 38% of these VOCs resulted in overnight hospitalization, 24% were managed at home, 19% were treated in the emergency room and 19% of patients sought medical assistance in the community.
 A high impact on emotional wellbeing was reported by 61% of patients. The highest impact was caused by frustration with symptoms (60%), worry about disease worsening (59%) and worry about family/friends/children who care for them (54%). Only 42% of patients have received professional emotional support (eg psychiatrist, psychologist, counseling), but 67% reported a desire to receive this support.
 A high impact on household daily activities (eg food preparation, housework, childcare) and on family or social life was reported by 39% and 43% of patients, respectively, with 34% stating a high impact in terms of sexual desire/activity and 35% a high impact on relationships with spouse/partner. Physical activity was also affected in patients with SCD, with 60% reporting they avoid intense physical activity and 30% avoiding even mild physical activity, most commonly because of concerns about pain, exhaustion and dehydration (58%, 57% and 50%, respectively).
 Of the patients surveyed, 32% were employed, 8% not working but seeking employment, 6% not working and not seeking employment, 36% students, 1% retired, 13% on disability pay and 1% long-term sick leave. Employed patients reported SCD had a high impact on their ability to work, with 57% reducing their hours and 47% considering leaving their job. An average of 6.3 hours missed from work was reported in the 7 days prior to survey completion due to SCD. Half of patients believe that their income would be higher if they did not have SCD, 60% reported often missing school in the past and 52% felt that their disease has had a negative impact on their academic achievements.
 Conclusions: The acute and chronic symptoms associated with SCD have a substantial impact on patients' daily lives, including emotional and physical wellbeing, relationships and school/work. In addition, the acute symptoms associated with VOCs occur several times a year, resulting in frequent hospitalizations. Improved management of SCD would enhance patients' quality of life both at home and at school/work, likely leading to improved emotional wellbeing and a positive economic effect.

 Osunkwo: Micella Biopharma: Other: DSMB Member ; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy; Terumo: Speakers Bureau. Andemariam:Bluebird Bio: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Global Blood Therapeutics: Other: DSMB Member; Imara: Research Funding; NovoNordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi Genzyme: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Terumo BCT: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cyclerion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Emmaus: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; New Health Sciences: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Community Health Network of Connecticut: Consultancy. El-Rassi:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Francis-Gibson:Sickle Cell Disease Association of America: Employment. Nero:Novartis: Consultancy. Minniti:Doris Duke Foundation: Research Funding. Trimnell:Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Cyclerion: Consultancy. Abboud:AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; CRSPR Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Modus: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; GBT: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Other: Travel support; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Colombatti:Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Addmedica: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Global Blood Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. de Montalembert:AddMedica: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; bluebird bio, Inc: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Jastaniah:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria. Nur:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. DeBonnett:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment. James:Sickle Cell Society: Employment; Novartis: Honoraria.


The relationship between statin use and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex and remains the subject of debate. Previous epidemiological studies provide conflicting data, discussed by Jeong and colleagues in this issue, likely attributed, in part, to variation in study design, but also reflecting the complexity of the interactions between vascular risk factors, incident Parkinson's, and Parkinson's progression. The reason to continue to search for clarity is to identify both modifiable risk factors and potential neuroprotective agents for use in prodromal and established disease. There are strong preclinical data supporting a neuroprotective effect of statins with regard to disease mechanisms of relevance to PD, supporting the rationale for simvastatin currently being the subject of a phase 2 neuroprotective trial. The potential protective effects of statins are also the subject of investigation in other disease areas, including multiple sclerosis, with a successful phase 2 study leading to a current phase 3 trial, and previous investigation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a suggestion of both reduced risk of dementia development and a slowing of cognitive decline. However, for an agent to have efficacy in both PD prevention and progression assumes similarity of disease process in both stages of disease—that the "triggers" and "facilitators" are the same as the "aggravators." We already have a good illustration in Parkinson's why this may be a false assumption: Smoking is protective of incident PD, but once Parkinson's is diagnosed, smoking appears to increase the rate of progression. The situation is complicated further with regard to statins because the indication for their initiation (generally cardiovascular disease) is itself a risk factor for PD development, as are associated factors (such as physical inactivity and diabetes). In addition, the therapeutic effect of statins (lowering of cholesterol) also influences PD risk, with low cholesterol being associated with a higher risk of incident PD, a finding which was previously reported and is replicated in Jeong's study. The postulated mechanisms for this include alteration of lysosomal membrane stability (which is cholesterol dependent) or reducing levels of coenzyme Q10. Additionally, higher cholesterol may be associated with a lower risk of incident PD. These findings are counterintuitive within the context of cardiovascular health and risk factors, and tend to conflict with our current understanding of the role these play in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and AD, as well as our understanding of their role in disease progression. Epidemiological studies are fraught with difficulties and the potential for methodological confounders and biases. Data ascertainment is typically dependent on insurance databases which are reliant on accurate clinical diagnosis and declaration, which in practice may be an underor over-representation. Patients may present late, or there may be diagnostic delay or inaccuracies reflecting health care provision in different localities. There may be ethnic differences in the effects of, or response to, statins, with varying impact of ethnicity on disease progression and heterogeneity. In addition, prescribing practice relating to statins has changed significantly over the last 15 years (the time period covered by most studies) as population screening and primary prevention have increased. In this issue of Movement Disorders, Jeong and colleagues address several of the important biases using a data source which covers 97% of the Korean population. The researchers adjust for a range of risk factors known to be associated with statin use, including smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol, age, and physical activity and demonstrate that some of these associations with statin use are themselves risk factors or associations with PD incidence (physical activity, smoking, hypertension, coronary *Correspondence to: Dr. Camille Carroll, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, ITTC Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth PL6 8BX, United Kingdom; E-mail: email@example.com


The study aimed to describe the needs and determine influenced factors continuous medical education needs among nurses in Tien Giang general hospital in 2021. A cross-sectional study was conducted with combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 246 clinical nurses was selected in this study for a self-administered questionnaire and the hospital director, head nurse, and nurses were invited for in-depth interview and focus group discussions. The results showed that 95.1% of nurses had a need for continuous medical education, in which the highest need was training in soft skills and patient care techniques. The desired training location was at the provincial general hospital, the duration of the training course was less than 7 days. Most clinical nurses chose the form of concentrated training that combines theory and practice approaches. Some factors related to financial issues, the burden of workload and job position were negative influenced factors on the training need of clinical nurses. Other factors including need for promotion, and training management were positive influenced factors on continuous medical training among clinical nurses. Keywords: Continous Medical Educaltion (CME), training need assessment, nurses, hosipital, Tien Giang general hospital


Abstract The essential oils of aerial parts of Heracleum rechingeri (flowers, seeds and stems) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by using GC (retention indices) and GC-MS. Twenty-one components (representing 98.7 %) were characterized for the flowers oil, whereas sixteen components (representing 97.4 %) were the major constituents of stem's oil and four components (representing 99.1 %) were characterized for the seeds oil. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was tested against six different bacteria by disc diffusion method and showed maximum inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.


A simulation model of passenger flow in a station is worked out to make clear the congestion at the ticket inspection gate and thereby determine the adequate number of automatic ticket inspection gates to be installed. Based on this model, a GPSS program is formulated for application to four stations expected to to opened on Musashino Line. To account for the results of calculations, a simplified theoretical model is conceived for conparison and discussion.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of dairy calves bred in tropical climate. Six calves of the Girolando breed at 3 months old in average were used. For the elaboration of the ethogram, the focal animal sampling method was used for five days. The Analysis of Variance was run and treatment means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. Findings show that calves spent more time in the concentrate intake and foraging, the rumination occurred more frequently during the night, and no significant differences were found between the water intake and the leisure activity. The thermoregulation behavior regarding the shadow demand did not differ statistically when compared to the sun rays demand. However, animals remained in the standing position for longer in the afternoon, and spent more time walking in the morning. Statistical differences were found between the playing interaction 1 and the playing interaction 2, and there were no statistical differences between the stereotypy and vocalization. Therefore, the behavioral states were found to be indicators of the good welfare degree for calves kept in a tropical breeding system.


Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used to treat immune‐mediated diseases but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. We have reported that co‐treatment with IVIg and lipopolysaccharide activates macrophages to produce large amounts of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 in vitro. Thus, we asked whether IVIg‐treated macrophages or IVIg could reduce intestinal inflammation in mice during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis by inducing macrophage IL‐10 production in vivo. Adoptive transfer of IVIg‐treated macrophages reduces intestinal inflammation in mice and collagen accumulation post‐DSS. IVIg treatment also reduces DSS‐induced intestinal inflammation and its activity is dependent on the Fc portion of the antibody. Ex vivo, IVIg induces IL‐10 production and reduces IL‐12/23p40 and IL‐1β production in colon explant cultures. Co‐staining tissues for mRNA, we demonstrate that macrophages are the source of IL‐10 in IVIg‐treated mice; and using IL‐10‐GFP reporter mice, we demonstrate that IVIg induces IL‐10 production by intestinal macrophages. Finally, IVIg‐mediated protection is lost in mice deficient in macrophage IL‐10 production (LysMcre+/−IL‐10fl/fl mice). Together, our data demonstrate a novel, in vivo mechanism of action for IVIg. IVIg‐treated macrophages or IVIg could be used to treat people with intestinal inflammation and may be particularly useful for people with inflammatory bowel disease, who are refractory to therapy.


In this paper, we prove the expression and the existence of a class of nonlinear impulsive fractional order differential equations with integral boundary conditions. The unique solution of the diff...


Answer justification (AJ) is a technique that allows students to convert multiple-choice items perceived to be "tricky" into short-answer essay questions. Convincing justifications earn students credit for missed items. The procedure is easy to administer and is very popular among students. Over 90% of both users and nonusers like having AJ available to them and recommend its use in other classes. Our technique is compared and contrasted with a similar one described by Nield and Wintre (1986). Both procedures appear to yield important benefits for students and instructors.


This paper is focused on numerical investigation of subsonic flow separation over a NACA0012 airfoil with a 6° angle of attack and flow separation control with vortex generators. The numerical simulations of three cases including an uncontrolled baseline case, a controlled case with passive vortex generator, and a controlled case with active vortex generator were carried out. The numerical simulation solves the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flow using a fully implicit LU-SGS method. A fourth-order finite difference scheme is used to compute the spatial derivatives. The immersed boundary method is used to model both the passive and active vortex generators. The characteristic frequency that dominates the flow is the natural frequency of separation in the baseline case. The introduction of the passive vortex generator does not alter the frequency of separation. In the case with active control, the frequency of the sinusoidal forcing was chosen close to the natural frequency of separation. The timeand spanwise-averaged results were used to examine the mean flow field for all three cases. The passive vortex generators can partially eliminate the separation by reattaching the separated shear layer to the airfoil over a significant extent. The size of the averaged separation zone has been reduced by more than 80%. The flow control with active vortex generator is more effective and the separation zone is not visible in the averaged results. The three-dimensional structures of the flow field have also been studied. 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics. * Corresponding author. 817-272-5685, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 2 Research Scientist, Department of Mathematics 3 Professor, Department of Mathematics 4 Engineer Senior Staff 5 Aerospace Engineering Senior Staff


Summary An annotated compendium of all those bird species known to have occurred in the lowland "Man and Biosphere" Beni Biological Station (B.B.S.) reserve is provided. Previous checklists are reviewed, together with sightings accumulated over the 1992–1995 period during which approximately 70 new species have been added to the reserve inventory, bringing the total to 478. Occurrence across the 12 delineated habitats, relative abundance and sighting documentation are given for each species. The avifauna of the B.B.S. is mixed biogeographically; in addition to a substantial component of lowland birds widespread throughout South America, it is composed of Amazonian, cerrado and chaco elements also. Representation from the Bolivian Yungas is minimal. Significantly, no less than four threatened and 15 near-threatened species have occurred, including the little known Bolivian endemic Unicoloured Thrush Turdus haplochrous, and the enigmatic White-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus candicans, known until recently only from Emas National Park (Brazil). Short accounts are provided detailing records of all of these species. Birds of the reserve core, consisting largely of humid tropical forest formations inundated during the austral summer, appear not to be subjected currently to any serious environmental degradation, although some subsistence clearance by Chimane Indians in the northern reaches of the reserve gives some cause for concern. Of much greater import, however, are changes occurring outside the confines of the B.B.S. These include increasing urbanization immediately to the west (and associated road upgrading) and forest fragmentation to the south brought about by logging. The latter is especially worrying because linkage of the B.B.S. forest block to surrounding forest is already physically tenuous, and therefore it is imperative that future logging activities be geared to minimize isolation occurring and the damaging restriction of gene flow. Monitoring in rainforest immediately south of the reserve should become routine to warn of putative avifaunal impoverishments. Extensive surveying of the 2,500-ha El Porvenir éstancia (savanna and related forest islands) due to be assimilated shortly into the B.B.S., which constitutes less than 2% of the area under consideration, has shown that it is used by no less than three threatened and up to nine near-threatened species. In the absence of data relating to other savanna areas (c. 15%) at present, the exact status of each species at the B.B.S. remains imprecise and begs for further research to be undertaken. Unfortunately, present management of the El Porvenir savanna is not conducive to the long-term maximization of populations of these species, several of which have local strongholds in this part of Beni. We recommend that the current policy of cattle ranching adopted by this éstancia should cease or be reduced dramatically, to minimize grazing and trampling damage, and that measures should be taken to reduce incursions of fires started wilfully in neighbouring properties. The Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia, which administers the reserve, should be encouraged to safeguard and enhance the savanna complement further by ensuring that the impending ratification of El Porvenir proceeds as quickly as possible, and by purchasing additional tracts of land to the south of the present southern reserve boundary, where feasible. Such actions should not only secure the future of the biota of the savanna habitat within the B.B.S. but also should ameliorate the degree of isolation which has occurred already by preserving the "curiches" (former river beds) and forest islands which act as access corridors for forest-dwelling and other birds.


Personal communication services (PCS) based on the GSM system, also called PCS1900, provides an advanced wireless system concept with a high performance air interface. The combination of techniques such as frequency hopping, equalization, channel coding and spatial diversity help in controlling the hostile radio environment. The performance is evaluated mainly in terms of coverage and capacity, and compared with PCS based on IS-95 CDMA. The results show a coverage advantage for GSM-based PCS (PCS1900) corresponding to fewer required base stations than for IS-95 CDMA. The reason is the large frequency diversity that is possible with PCS1900. The capacity in terms of channels/sector is comparable for the two systems. When using the same speech coder rate, PCS1900 will have a small capacity advantage. The concept using hierarchical cell structures for achieving a high system capacity per km/sup 2/ in a flexible way, is only supported by PCS1900.


We address the problem of selective jamming attacks in wireless networks. In these attacks, the adversary selectively targets specific packets of "high" importance by exploiting his knowledge on the implementation details of network protocols at various layers of the protocol stack. We illustrate the impact of selective jamming on the network performance by illustrating various selective attacks against the TCP protocol. We show that such attacks can be launched by performing real-time packet classification at the physical layer. We examine the combination of cryptographic primitives with physical layer attributes for preventing real- time packet classification and neutralizing the inside knowledge of the attacker.


Last fall' in a report called "Stepping Forward as Stewards of Place'" the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) ranked Kennesaw State University third in the nation in its commitment to community engagement. The report defines "stewards of place" as those institutions that have created far−reaching' mutually beneficial relationships with the communities they serve. Full Text: Last fall' in a report called "Stepping Forward as Stewards of Place'" the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) ranked Kennesaw State University third in the nation in its commitment to community engagement. The report defines "stewards of place" as those institutions that have created far−reaching' mutually beneficial relationships with the communities they serve. Good stewardship' at heart' is a matter of dreaming and doing — recognizing the potential of an institution' a place' a community' and setting about the purposeful work of making it a reality. Famed hockey player Wayne Gretzky puts this idea in slightly more practical terms: "You skate to where the puck will be." I love the subtext of Gretzky's statement — the notion that success is a naturally evolving process' a perfect marriage of mind and matter' as the skater follows his expert intuition and moves confidently toward the future.


warning to terminate the stroke. The few light incidental contacts found during chewing seem to be the part of the stroke that " overshot the mark." The evidence strongly suggests that centric occlusion is the only tooth contact of any significance that occurs during stomatognathic function. Evidence of ec centric tooth balance during eating was not found. There was no evidence that balance of teeth in eccentric positions is a physiologic necessity, or that lack of eccentric balance is less conducive to masticatory function.17 The voluminous literature on occlusion furnishes little ex perimental evidence on this question.


To evaluate a multishot radial fast‐spin echo (RAD‐FSE) method developed to improve the quality of abdominal T2‐weighted imaging as well as the characterization of focal liver lesions.


Abstract : Research efforts toward the next generation of training systems should have two goals. First, training should achieve significant improvements in speed and quality of skill acquisition. Second, development and production of computer-based training systems should advance beyond the current hand-crafting approach by devising both methodologies and tools that make it possible for a large number of developers to engineer many different high quality training systems. This paper focuses on two key problems that currently confront the computer-based cognitive skills training community: the needs for (1) strong models of cognitive skill acquisition that prescribe what students should learn and how they should learn it and (2) robust engineering methodologies that can support the rapid, widespread development of effective computer-based training for cognitive skills.


Objective: To analyse the causes of expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage( ICH) and explore the impacts on the prognosis of patients. Method: 248 cases diagnosed by CT with intracerebral hemorrhage in 2010. According to the results of changes in brain CT examination,patients were divided into he-matoma expansion group and stable group. Analysed the factors that lead to hematoma expansion,patients in two groups were compared in the clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters. Assessed the prognosis with Glasgow outcome classification( GOS) after six months treatment. Result: The proportion of long-term alcohol,blood clotting abnormalities,abnormal liver function and renal dysfunction in hematoma expansion group was significantly higher than those in stable group,which suggested that these factors are the leading causes of hematoma expansion. As to the results of prognosis comparison,the mortality and severe disability in hematoma expansion group was higher than those in stable group. Conclusion: Long-term alcohol,blood clotting abnormalities,abnormal liver function and renal abnormalities are the factors that affect hematoma expansion and the prognosis of patients.


The SNPs of MC3R and MC4R genes in Jining Bairi chicken,Wenshang Luhua chicken and Laiwu Black chicken were detected by PCR-RFLP method.And the correlation between the polymorphism loci and the carcass traits were analyzed.As a result,an A/G mutation at nt 1 424 in MC3R gene and a G/T mutation at nt 923 in MC4R gene were identified,and the corresponding detection systems of Dde Ⅰ and FbrⅠwere established.The statistical analysis showed that the MC3R polymorphism locus had a significant association with live weight (P=0.041 8) and breast muscle weight (P=0.012 6).The MC4R polymorphism locus had a significant association with intermuscular fat width (P=0.036 6).The multiple-range test indicated that in MC3R polymorphism locus,the LSM of live body weight,carcass weight,semi-eviscerated weight,eviscerated weight and breast muscle weight of MN chickens were significantly higher than MM chickens or NN chickens (P 0.05).In MC4R polymorphism locus,the percentage of LSM of carcass and intermuscular fat width of AB chickens were significantly higher than BB chickens (P 0.05).


The purpose of this study was to determine the social construction of stone-breaker women, namely (1) to describe the background of women working as stone-breakers in domestic life, (2) to describe the perception of stone-breaker women on the work they do, (3) to describe the role of stone-breaker women. stone in fulfilling the family economy, (4) describing the double workload faced by women. This type of research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Sources of data were obtained through interviews with informants. The main instrument of this research is the researcher himself with a supporting instrument in the form of interviews. Collecting data using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. The collected data is then analyzed for data collection, data presentation, reduction and conclusion. The results showed: (1) The background of women working as stone crushers in Jatisari Village, Tempeh District is to help the family economy, (2) The perception of women in working full of motivation from the family and ignoring community assessments, (3) The role of women stone crushers in fulfilling family economy by participating in work, (4) The double workload faced by women who work as stone-breakers must be carried out with full responsibility.


Premature neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) followed by post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is the most common imaging technique for early diagnosis of PHH during the first weeks after birth. Head size is one of the important indexes in the evaluation of PHH with CUS. In this paper, we present an automatic cranial localization method to help head size measurement in 2D CUS images acquired from premature neonates with IVH. We employ deep neural networks to localize the cranial region and minimum area bounding box. Separate deep neural networks are trained to detect the space parameters (position, scale, and orientation) of the bounding box. We evaluated the performance of the method on a set of 64 2D CUS images obtained from premature neonates with IVH through five-fold cross validation. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could estimate the cranial bounding box with the center point position error value of 0.33 ± 0.32 mm, the orientation error value of 1.75 ± 1.31 degrees, head height relative error (RE) value of 1.62 ± 2.9 %, head width RE value of 1.22 ± 1.24 %, head surface RE value of 2.27 ± 3.04 %, average Dice similarity score of 0.97 ± 0.01, and Hausdorff distance of 0.69 ± 0.46 mm. The method is computationally efficient and has the potential to provide automatic head size measurement in the clinical evaluation of neonates.


Developmental enamel defects (DED) present important clinical significance because they result in increased caries susceptibility, tooth sensitivity, tooth wear, poor esthetics and dentofacial anomalies. Enamel defects may also provide valuable clues about the child's early environment and may be predictive of similar disturbances in the permanent dentition.
The published prevalence of developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition varies from 1.5- 99% in different population. In Saudi Arabia, only one study assessed the prevalence of DED in Riyadh. The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and enamel opacities was 15% and 12% respectively.
Present study aims to investigate the prevalence of developmental enamel defects and its association with dental caries in primary teeth of preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A random sample of 400 children will be selected from private and public schools in each of the geographical areas of the city. One hundred and fifty children from public schools and 250 children from private schools will be selected. The clinical examination will be carried out in the nursery school. The teeth will be evaluated for the presence of dental caries and enamel defects using mouth mirrors and periodontal probes.
The buccal surfaces of all primary teeth will be assessed for the presence or absence of DED using the WHO criteria present in the Oral Health Survey Basic Methods manual of the World Health Organization. Regarding dental caries, examination will be carried out using the deft index and WHO diagnostic criteria. For the purpose of training and calibration, a pilot study will be carried out on 20 children, not involved in the main study. The children will be examined with the aid of the colored photographs showing examples of enamel defects.


Considerable experimental data have been accumulated on four different diodes of a series of ten kindly supplied by Dr. R. M. Ryder of Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey. The series consists of two each of five different types with breakdown voltages ranging from 6.2 volts to 150 volts values that correspond to impurity gradients ranging from 023 -4 19 -4 impurity gradients ranging from 10 cm to 10 cm Figure I-1 is a semilogarithmic plot of the forward characteristic at several temperatures of a 1N672 diode


We propose the (BRST-invariant) quantum open superstring field theory in the "B0-gauge," based on Neveu–Schwarz (NS) strings in 1 picture and Ramond (R) strings in 12 picture. We give the propagators of these open NS and R superstrings. In order to obtain the BRST-invariant interaction terms among these superstrings, we modify the interaction terms among three superstrings (i.e., among NS–NS–NS and R–R–NS) by subtracting the infinite number of counter terms, each of which involves interaction terms among "more than four superstrings." The modified action can be obtained successively, so that resulting amplitudes in g-loops should become BRST invariant. Thus obtained amplitudes are referred to as the "amputated scatts," with the help of which the physical scattering amplitudes can be expressed. These physical scattering amplitudes among NB bosonic (NF fermionic) particles are calculated by using the analytic inlint gluing operator (which has already been proposed and used in the quantum bosonic string fiel...


A woman holding the symbol of the youth of France, a naked child, who is wearing a Phrygian cap.
Translation of title: The health inspector will show you the road to health. She is leading a crusade against tuberculosis and infant mortality. Support her!
Signed: Auguste Leroux.
Sponsored by the Commission Americaine de Preservation contre la Tuberculose en France.
Promotional goal: Fr. G32. 1917.
Item is no. 210 in a printed checklist available in the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Reading Room.
BZ


South Africa is a mineral-rich country and one area in which minerals can be very important is catalysis. Over an extended period of time, homogeneous catalysis has grown to become very useful, particularly in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The organometallic compounds required in the catalysis industry have advanced from metallocenes to an alternative in the form of a-diimines. Most a-diimines are prepared from iminopyridyl moieties and are most active with nickel and palladium transition metals. This review providesa history of homogeneous catalysis and a discussion on iminopyridines, with the main focus on the nickel and palladium complexes formed from them. There follows a discussion of the bimetallic nickel and palladium complexes in various catalytic applications such as Suzuki and Heck coupling, with the main focus on ethylene polymerisation. The limitations are addressed and possible solutions presented to overcome those challenges. Several reviews in the related topics are to be found in the literature but not the a-diimine with iminopyridines and bimetallic nickel and palladium metals.


Au-TiO2 composite photocatalysis material was fabricated by the photodeposition method. The SEM and TEM images demonstrate that Au-TiO2 NPs are with inerratic geometry and their diameters are in the range of 10 nm to 20 nm. The UV-vis spectra shows the strong peaks in 200-400 nm and near 550 nm which are attributed to the characteristic absorption peak of TiO2 and the strong surface-plasmon-resonance of Au NPs, respectively. Under visible light irradiation, the phenol degradation dynamics constant on Au-TiO2 was 0.008 min-1 which was 4 times of that on Degussa P25. The effects of Au amount on the photocatalytic capability of Au-TiO2 were also investigated.


. In this paper, we are concerned with large-stepsize highly accurate integrators for highly oscillatory second-order differential equations ¨ q ( t )+ 1 ε 2 Aq ( t ) = 1 ε m F ( q ( t )) with large initial data, a scaling parameter 0 < ε ≪ 1 and m = 0 , 1. The highly oscillatory property of this model problem corresponds to the parameter ε . We propose and analyze a novel class of highly accurate integrators which is based on some formulation approaches to the problem, Fourier pseudo-spectral method and exponential integrators. Two practical integrators up to order four are constructed by using the proposed symmetric property and stiff order conditions of implicit exponential integrators. The convergence of the obtained integrators is rigorously studied, and it is shown that the accuracy is improved to be O ( ε r − rm h r ) in the absolute position error for the time stepsize h and the order r of the integrator. The near energy conservation over long times is established for the multi-stage integrators by using modulated Fourier expansions. These theoretical results are achievable even if large stepsizes are utilized in the schemes. Numerical results on the Duffing equation and a nonlinear relativistic Klein–Gordon equation show that the proposed integrators used with large stepsizes have optimal uniformly high accuracy, excellent long time energy conservation and competitive efficiency.


This paper contains a concise comparison of a number of nonlinear attitude filtering methods that
have attracted attention in the robotics and aviation literature. With the help of previously published
surveys and comparison studies, the vast literature on the subject is narrowed down to a small pool
of competitive attitude filters. Amongst these filters is a second-order optimal minimum-energy filter
recently proposed by the authors. Easily comparable discretized unit quaternion implementations of the
selected filters are provided. We conduct a simulation study and compare the transient behaviour and
asymptotic convergence of these filters in two scenarios with different initialization and measurement
errors inspired by applications in unmanned aerial robotics and space flight. The second-order optimal
minimum-energy filter is shown to have the best performance of all filters, including the industry standard
multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF).


The variabilities, core size and magnetic field of the RS CVn star UX Arietis was measured with the VLA at pairs of frequencies near 1415 MHz and 4835 MHz on June 10, 1985. Data were also gathered on HR 1099, HR 5110 and II Peg. UX Arietis exhibited variability on time scales ranging from 30 sec to 1 hr at 4835 MHz, but no detectable variations at 1415 MHz. An upper limit of 900 billion cm was placed on the size of the core emitting region, which is estimated to have a magnetic field strength of 15 G. The 30 sec variations are attributed to absorption by thermal plasma between the G5 and K1 companions of the UX Arietis system. 37 references.


Objective To establish a meliorative method based on two-step differential lysis method to isolate sperms from mixed stains.Methods Sperm collection column was manufactured according to the characteristic of sperm.First,vaginal epithelial cells in the mixed stains were lysed with proteinase K and SDS in the first step of digestion,and sperm heads remaining in the lysed solution were collected by Sperm collection column.Then,the sperm heads were lysed with Chelex-100 containing Proteinase K and DTT in the second step digestion.STR loci were typed after PCR amplification by AmpFLSTR~ Identifiler~ kit.We analyzed 12 mixed stains by sperm collection column and traditional two-step differential lysis method respectively.Results Using sperm collection column,only male STR genotypes were obtained in all loci and all samples.With traditional two-step differential lysis method,however,no male STR genotype was detected in some samples and the mixed genotypes resulted from male and female were observed in other samples.Conclusion The sperm collection column-based method is efficacious to isolate sperms from mixed stains,and is better than traditional two-step differential lysis method.


Alta S.p.A. (Italy) and DELTACAT Ltd. (United Kingdom) are conducting a study,
funded by the European Space Agency, into the development of hydrogen peroxide
monopropellant thrusters using advanced catalytic beds. The present paper focuses on the
design of two different demonstration thrusters with nominal ratings of 5 N and 25 N.
Design requirements and specifications are presented, followed by the main results of a
concept study, which was conducted to define the approximate dimensions needed. Some
details about the specific design of the two prototypes and the choice of the main components
are provided, with particular regard to the sensors and transducers to be used during the
experimentation. Different catalytic bed configurations, including pure silver gauzes and
pellets coated with manganese oxide or platinum, are going to be tested in the prototype
thrusters, in order to find the optimum one for further industrial development. A dedicated
test bench, designed and realized by Alta S.p.A. for tests on the thruster prototypes, is also
illustrated.


Four anti-recombinant mouse gamma interferon (..cap alpha..-IFN..gamma..) monoclonal antibodies were generated using hamster spleen cells. Binding of /sup 125/I-IFN..gamma.. by these protein A-bound antibodies was specifically blocked by cold IFN..gamma... Binding by three of these antibodies was also blocked by a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal 1-39 amino acids of IFN..gamma.., while a corresponding C-terminal (95-133) peptide had no effect on binding. One of the N-terminal specific monoclonal antibodies inhibited both the antiviral and macrophage priming (for tumor cell killing) activities of IFN..gamma.., while the other two had no effect on either biological function. Blocking experiments with cold IFN..gamma.. and N-terminal peptide suggest that the epitope specificities of the monoclonal antibodies could be determined by the conformational or topographic structure of IFN..gamma... Polyclonal antibodies to either the N-terminal or C-terminal peptides also inhibited both the antiviral and macrophage priming activities of IFN..gamma... All of the antibodies that inhibited IFN..gamma.. function also blocked binding of IFN..gamma.. to membrane receptor on cells, while antibodies that did not inhibit function also did not block binding. The data suggest that both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of IFN..gamma.. play an important role in its antiviral and macrophage priming functions, possibly in a cooperativemore » manner.« less


The wire melting behavior in pure Ar shielding gas can be controlled with a coaxial hybrid solid (CHS) wire which has a coaxial double structure with a different composition in its inner and outer parts. This wire can prevent the generation of a column of liquid metal (CLM) at the wire tip due to the difference in the materials properties of the inner and outer parts and stabilize MIG welding in pure Ar shielding gas (Ar-MIG welding). We examine the effects of the material properties (melting temperature, specific heat and thermal conductivity) on the wire melting behavior, then propose and show the effectiveness of a design guide for the CHS wire by carrying out a simulation and a welding examination on the new CHS wire which was developed based on this design guide.


A piston problen of viscous polytropic gas equations is shown that the global solution is bounded uniformly in time if the piston motion is bounded and that if the piston motion is periodic in time, then there exists a periodic solution to the piston problem with the same period.


Deng Xiao-Ping's logistic thought is an important part of Deng Xiao-ping theory, its foundation is very rich, such as the excellent traditional theory of Chinese people, the excitation of traditional style of the elder proletarian revolutionist and so on. This paper will discuss the topics mentioned above.


The invention discloses an automatic guided vehicle device. The automatic guided vehicle device comprises a chassis, a first driving assembly and a second driving assembly. A plurality of supporting wheels supporting the chassis are arranged below the chassis, and a bearing platform is arranged on the chassis. The first driving assembly and the second driving assembly are arranged below the chassis in parallel. The first driving assembly comprises a first fixing frame, a first driving frame, at least one first connecting rod and a first prepressing component. The second driving assembly comprises a second fixing frame, a second driving frame, at least one second connecting rod and a second prepressing component. The first fixing frame and the second fixing frame are fixedly arranged below the chassis. The first driving frame and the second driving frame are used for arranging a first drive wheel and a second drive wheel respectively. The first connecting rod and the first prepressing component are connected to the part between the first fixing frame and the first driving frame, and the second connecting rod and the second prepressing component are connected to the part between the second fixing frame and the second driving frame. The first prepressing component and the second prepressing component are used for exerting downward first pressure and downward second pressure to the first driving wheel and the second driving wheel respectively.


Industrial variability within the Middle Paleolithic Micoquian complex of the Crimea is reflected in the varied occurrence and frequencies of stone tools. Aside from bifacial shaping / thinning flakes and blades within the debitage (items ≥ 3 cm), there are 5 chip types and their subdivisions (mostly items > 1.5–2.9 cm) reflecting differing primary and secondary reduction strategies for Crimean Micoquian Tradition (CMT)assemblages. Detailed study of such chips provides valuable insights into tool production, reshaping and rejuvenation. There is increasing intensity of secondary treatment and re-treatment of flint, and associated activities from Ak-Kaya-genuine assemblages (ephemeral killing / primary butchery stations) through Starosele assemblages (various short-term primary and/or secondary butchery camps) to the Kiik-Koba assemblages (short-term primary and secondary butchery camps). The study confirms that CMT variability reflects a spectrum of anthropogenic and natural influences rather than representing discrete cultural traditions.


ABSTRACT Three primocane-fruiting (PF) red raspberry cultivars ('Autumn Bliss,' 'Heritage' and 'Redwing') were studied in six locations to evaluate the effect of genotype x environment on leaf mineral status. Leaf P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn concentrations, and N:K, K:Mg and P.Zn ratios all had significant genotype x environment interactions while leaf N and Mn concentrations and the Fe:Mn ratio only had significant differences among environments. When analyzed over all locations, N was the only leaf mineral positively correlated to yield. However, when analysed by location, few significant correlations were found between any of the leaf nutrients and yield although in some locations low leaf-K and a high N:K ratio may have reduced yields. Leaf-K concentrations were highest for 'Redwing' while both 'Redwing' and 'Autumn Bliss' had higher leaf-P concentrations than 'Heritage' at three of the six locations. 'Autumn Bliss' and 'Heritage' had higher leaf-Ca concentrations than 'Redwing' at two locations while 'R...


We describe the hCOSMOS redshift survey of the COSMOS field conducted with the Hectospec spectrograph on the MMT. In the central 1 deg, the hCOS20.6 subset of the survey is > 90% complete to a limiting r = 20.6. The hCOSMOS survey includes 1701 new redshifts in the COSMOS field. We also use the total of 4362 new and remeasured objects to derive the age sensitive Dn4000 index over the entire redshift interval 0.001 . z . 0.6. For 85% of the quiescent galaxies in hCOS20.6, we measure the central line-of-sight velocity dispersion. To explore potential uses of this survey, we combine previously measured galaxy sizes, profiles and stellar masses with the spectroscopy. The comparison reveals the known relations among structural, kinematic, and stellar population properties. We also compare redshift and Dn4000 distributions of hCOS20.6 galaxies with SHELS; a complete spectroscopic survey of 4 deg observed to the same depth. The redshift distributions in the two fields are very different but the Dn4000 distribution is remarkably similar. The relation between velocity dispersion and stellar mass for massive hCOS20.6 galaxies is consistent with the local relation from SDSS. Using measured velocity dispersions, we test a photometric proxy calibrated to galaxies in the local universe. The systematic differences between the measured and photometric proxy velocity dispersions are correlated with galaxy dynamical and stellar population properties highlighting the importance of direct spectroscopic measurements.


Present study deals with the mesostructure analysis of the structural glass. The subject is about to prepare a comprehensive mechanical analysis, aimed on the understanding of the multiscale mechanical behaviour of soda-lime-silica glass used as an architectural element. After a brief description of the micro and mesostructure of glass we will explain our goals in this analysis. We have divided the glass plate – from a mesoscopic aspect – into three major regions. The first region is the external surface, which is the largest area of a plate. The effect of the surface imperfections is negligible due to a grinded edge finishing, so we considered the second region as the edge. The third region contains the inhomogeneities in the glass material itself. To describe the mesostructure we have done atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micro computed tomography (µCT) scans. We used the AFM to image the surface and the edge and µCT to collect geometrical information from the inhomogeneities. The aim of the overall analysis is to develop a new certification procedure to qualify the structural glass in a mechanical a way.


We present measurements on the pointing characteristics of the x-ray sources driven by 45 TW, 25 fs laser pulses interacting with variable pressure He-jet. Betatron-type radiation along with 100 MeV directional quasi-monoenergetic electrons are observed.


Hatsefirah was the first daily Hebrew newspaper to be published in the Kingdom of Poland and it outlasted all other Hebrew newspapers in eastern Europe: its first issue came out in February , its last in May  (with breaks between July  and ,  and , and  and ).1 The significant contribution of Hatsefirah to the development of Jewish public discourse in eastern Europe and scientific writing in Hebrew has already received scholarly attention.2 Yet its impact in other fields has been neglected. This chapter will focus on Hatsefirah's attitude and contribution to the historiography of Polish Jewry. In the prospectus announcing the publication of the newspaper in early January , Hayim Zelig Slonimski (–), its founder and first editor, described the principal areas on which the paper would focus:


Health care spending in the United States continues to draw national attention, accounting for 17.9 percent of total gross domestic product (GDP) or $3.5 trillion dollars in 2017, expected to rise to nearly 20 percent of GDP by 2026. In order to address these expenditures, further examination of rising hospital costs is required. Evidence suggests that for-profit hospitals may be established in areas with well-insured patient populations, while disproportionately offering high-cost, profit-driven interventions over less profitable services. The objective of this study is to compare inpatient mortality, operation rates, length of stay (LOS), and cost of care between private non-profit and for-profit hospitals in the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage.

 This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Primary outcomes including all-cause inpatient mortality, operative status, patient disposition, hospital LOS, total hospital charges, and per-day hospital charges were assessed for patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of intracranial (epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, or intraparenchymal) hemorrhage, while controlling for baseline demographic and comorbidity differences via propensity-score matching.

 Out of 155 977 unique hospital discharges included in this study, 133 518 originated from private non-profit hospitals and 22 459 from for-profit hospitals. Mortality rates were similar, at 13.80% for non-profit centers and 14.50% at for-profit hospitals. Non-profit hospitals appeared to be more intensive with ICP monitor placement, occurring in 5.50% of patients compared to 4.24% in for-profit centers. Although overall discharge disposition and rate of surgical intervention was similar, LOS was greater among for-profit hospitals at 7.46 d, compared to 6.71 d at non-profit centers. Care at for-profit hospitals was more expensive with total charges amounting to $136,845 versus $85,093 at non-profit institutions.

 Despite similar mortality and discharge disposition, hospital stays for ICH tend to be costlier and longer at for-profit hospitals compared to their non-profit counterparts.


Malnutrition and poor health are common among recently resettled refugees and may be differentially associated with pre-migration exposure to refugee camp versus non-camp dwelling. We aimed to investigate the associations of iron deficiency (ID), anemia, and ID anemia (IDA) with pre-migration refugee camp exposure among recently arrived refugees to Canada. To this end, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1032 adult refugees who received care between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015, within a specialized refugee health clinic in Calgary, Canada. We evaluated the prevalence, severity, and predictors of ID, anemia, and IDA, stratified by sex. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated the association of refugee camp exposure with these outcomes, adjusting for age, months in Canada prior to investigations, global region of origin, and parity. Among female refugees, the prevalence of ID, anemia, and IDA was 25% (134/534), 21% (110/534), and 14% (76/534), respectively; among males, 0.8% (4/494), 1.8% (9/494), and 0% (0/494), respectively. Anemia was mild, moderate, and severe in 55% (60/110), 44% (48/110) and 1.8% (2/110) of anemic females. Refugee camp exposure was not associated with ID, anemia, or IDA while age by year (ID OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.98; anemia OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–1.00; IDA OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.99) and months in Canada prior to investigations (ID OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.72–1.01; anemia OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67–0.97; IDA OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.64–1.00) were inversely correlated with these outcomes. ID, anemia, and IDA are common among recently arrived refugee women irrespective of refugee camp exposure. Our findings suggest these outcomes likely improve after resettlement; however, given proportionally few refugees are resettled globally, likely millions of refugee women and girls are affected.


The carrier frequency offset (CFO) effect of a new multiaccess orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transceiver is analyzed. We show that multiaccess interference (MAI) due to CFO can be mitigated by choosing a proper set of orthogonal codes. That is, if we use M/2 symmetric or antisymmetric codewords of the M Hadamard-Walsh codewords, MAI can be greatly reduced to a negligible amount. The new OFDM system has been shown to be approximately MAI-free when there is no CFO. The new result developed here shows that the system continues to be approximately MAI-free even in the presence of CFO. Furthermore, we derive a close form for the reduced MAI, which reveals an interesting property of the system. That is, when the number of users increases, the reduced MAI and the inter carrier interference (ICI) due to self-CFO will decrease. Finally, it is demonstrated by simulation that the proposed OFDM scheme with proper code selection outperforms the OFDMA and the multicarrier code division multiplexing access (MC-CDMA) systems in a CFO environment.


The author introduces a very sensitive, highly integrated UHF paging receiver which is based on the offset-receiver principle and is fully compatible with all FSK (frequency-shift-keying) modulated systems (512 b/s and 1200 b/s). The IC is fabricated using an advanced bipolar UHF process, has a typical current consumption of only 3 mA at 2-V supply voltage, and is in a 28-pin SO (small outline) package for automated assembly. Test results are presented. >


New technologies, and so is the Internet, have to be discussed and located between utopia and dystopia. Especially when dealing with questions of identity. While discretion and privacy were important concepts of the self in a non-virtual world in the past, Joshua Meyrowitz name the "Internet-privacy-paradox" as a feature of life in the age of Web 2.0. Monica T. Whitty and Adam N. Joinson, on the other hand, define the "truth-lies-paradox" as dominant for virtual life. Meyrowitz marks the frivolous publication of private data as the main problem of Internet use. Known as the "strangers-on-the-train-phenomenon", also online users would tell details about their life in a completely open and surveilled environment—obviously not being aware of the danger this behavior is accompanied by. Whitty and Joinson state that the online environment would trigger its users' openness and deception in general. They also stress the fact, that the World Wide Web would cause ambivalences in self-presentation: For many online users, the self-presentation opportunities provided by the Internet would mean they were faced with a dilemma—visual anonymity may make candid self-disclosure easier, but it also enables people to put a "gloss" on the information they provide. The author puts a closer look at the ambivalence of Internet use by reflecting the terms paradox, connectivity and constructedness.


Federated learning (FL) has received considerable attention with the development of mobile internet technology, which is an emerging framework to train a deep learning model from decentralized data. Modern mobile devices often have access to rich but privacy-sensitive data, and computational abilities are often limited because of the hardware restriction. In previous works based on federated averaging (FedAvg) algorithm, mobile devices need to perform lots of calculations, and it is time-consuming in the process of global communication. Inspired by edge computing, we proposed edge federated learning (EdgeFed), which separates the process of updating the local model that is supposed to be completed independently by mobile devices. The outputs of mobile devices are aggregated in the edge server to improve the learning efficiency and decrease the global communication frequency. Empirical experiments demonstrate that our proposed EdgeFed has advantages in different bandwidth scenarios. Especially, by offloading part of the calculations from mobile clients to the edge server, the computational cost of the mobile devices and the global communication expense can be simultaneously reduced as compared to FedAvg.


Abstract This paper examines the geographies of Partition through an analysis of the Punjab Boundary Commission hearings of July 1947. The paper asks: what happens when geographical expertise is transported from 'the field' to courtrooms and government offices? I argue that geography was transformed, and was managed and limited by the legal framework that judged evidence according to its own rules. Examining select records of the Punjab Boundary Commission, I argue that the courtroom created certain assumptions about the nature and role of evidence in boundary-making negotiations. Rather than applying evidence to create a workable boundary, evidence was put to work in often contradictory ways in order to lend competing political claims an air of geographical authority.


Online dispute resolution (ODR) is designed to facilitate the proceedings of parties dispute through online technology media such as PCSs, laptops and cell-phones. ODR is expected to facilitate an effective mediation, adjudication communication, so it can provide benefits in the form of time and cost efficiency in dispute resolution. The research questions investigated in this study are: (i) What are the advantages of the concept of proceedings by e-arbitration? (ii) Does the e-arbitration evidence collection procedure in accordance with the evidence principles of civil procedure law? This study employs the normative legal research method. The theories applied in investigating the problems in this research are the economic-legal theory and evidence principles. Through this study, it can be determined the comparison of procedure, benefit of e-arbitration evidence regulation in ShenZhen and Indonesia.


The essential topic of this paper is the impact of ICT on the architectural design process in the early planning stages. A fundamental pillar of a successful building project is a good design process. The use of ICT has over the years in different ways influenced and to a certain degree also changed roles and processes within the building project. An understanding of how ICT influences the complex mechanisms within the early stages of the planning process can be seen as central to achieve project success. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding and overview of the current situation regarding ICT related challenges and benefits within four essential aspects of the architectural design process. These aspects are: the generation of design solutions, the communication, the evaluation of design solutions and the decision-making. In the first section of the paper based on a literature review, some key elements from previous research in the area will be explored. Furthermore, an ICT impact matrix will be introduced, based on the four selected design process aspects and a definition of three hierarchical levels: the micro-, mesoand macro-level. The matrix outline suggests a way to organize the discussed design process topics on an overall level, and intends to contribute with a better overview of the ICT related impacts on the architectural design process.


Background: Almost all women experience moderate-to-severe pain during labor which adversely affects
parturient and fetuses. Authorities in the fields of obstetrics and anaesthesia encourage use of labour
analgesia. The practice of labor analgesia in Africa is not a well-established service, especially in the lowincome countries like Ethiopia. The goal of this study was to assess the practice of labour analgesia and its
perceived barriers among health care providers working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods and materials: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in four public hospitals
of Addis Ababa. Cluster sampling technique was used to select the public hospitals. All of the healthcare
providers who are supposed to be involved in the management of labor pain in the clustered hospitals were
included. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect data with regular supervision and follow
up. Data was entered in to epi info-7 and analyzed with SPSS-20 statistical software. Results were presented
using narratives, graphs, tables and charts. Conclusions were drawn by means of simple percentages and
inferential statistics using binary logistic regression, with P-value < 0.05 at 95% Confidence Interval (CI)
taken to be statistically significant.
Results: Of the 177 respondents, 81 (45.8 %) Anesthetists, 61 (34.5%) Midwives, 26 (14.7%)
Obstetricians/gynecologists, and 9 (5.1%) Anesthesiologists were involved. About 54.2% practitioners
offered any form of labor analgesia. Among these, only 1(0.6%) offered it routinely, 42 (23.7%) sometimes
and 53 (29.9%)on maternal request. Eighty-one respondents (45.8%) never practiced labor analgesia. The
commonest pharmacological labor analgesia used were opioids (35.6%). The major reasons adduced for
not offering labor analgesia routinely or not at all were; non-availability of drugs and equipment (59.9%),
lack of emphasis towards labor pain management by health service management system (44.1%), shortage
of skilled man power (38.4%), and fear of fetal distress to administer systemic analgesics (33.3%).
Conclusion and Recommendations: The routine practice of labor analgesia by healthcare providers was
very low in the study facilities. There is need for team work by all the stakeholders in the health sector and
the government to step up its use, and make childbirth a more fulfilling experience for laboring mothers.


Abstract We present a country-specific analysis on the effect of tourism on the economic growth of five small Pacific Island Countries (PICs) – Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. The results show tourism development is growth-enhancing for all five countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is growth-enhancing for Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, and in the short run, a delayed negative association for Fiji and Vanuatu is found. Remittances are growth-retarding for Fiji, Samoa and Tonga, with a short-run delayed positive association for Fiji, Tonga and Samoa. Financial development is growth-retarding for Solomon Islands and Tonga, with a short-run positive association for Fiji and Samoa. While the results underscore the huge importance of tourism in generating growth and FDI in the Pacific, given the ongoing adverse effects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, PICs will have to focus on alternative sectors to progress economic activities. Policy suggestions are discussed along these lines.


Objective To study the correlationship between antioxidant and anti-allergic effects of Sanguisorba officinalis.MethodsSanguisorba officinalis was extracted with alcohol and then fractionated with organic solvents by turns,isolated and purified with macroporous resin HP-20,and different separated components were obtained.The extraction was studied and the inhibition rate on hyaluronidase activity,the scavenging rates on DPPH,·OH and H2O2 were evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that the inhibition rate on hyaluronidase of the samples S-H40% was the highest in all the components,the scavenging rate on free radical was nearly equal to OPC and rutin,greater than Vc and catechin,and there was a positive relationship between anti-allergic and anti-oxidation activities.ConclusionSanguisorba officinalis is a candidate for the antioxidant and antiallergic plant,its mechanism of antiallergic is related with its strong scavenging rate on free radical.


The study focused on two gobiid taxa from the northern Adriatic Sea. External features and coloration suggest identification of one of these with Gobius auratus Risso, 1810. This species is characterized by a deeply emarginated pelvic disc and meristic features of typically second dorsal fin rays I/14, anal rays I/13 and scales in lateral series 45. The live coloration of the northern Adriatic population shows a yellow basic coloration but with distinct longitudinal lines of red dots and, therefore, its colour significantly differs from the uniformly yellow coloration supposed to be typical for this species. A redescription of this putative G. auratus Risso, 1810 is carried out to extend the morphological characteristics of the species to cover also the northern Adriatic population. Two colour morphs are described and morphometrics as well as details on the lateral line system of the species are newly included in the species description. The second Adriatic taxon was assigned to G. fallax Sarato, 1889. Both taxa from the northern Adriatic were compared to G. xanthocephalus Heymer and Zander, 1992 from the western Mediterranean and Atlantic indicating their clear distinction. The northern Adriatic specimens of G. auratus show some similarities with the western Mediterranean and Atlantic G. xanthocephalus concerning life coloration, but differ in a series of features such as certain morphometrics (head and pelvic disc longer in the former, fifth pelvic ray, relative to fourth, longer in the latter), meristics (second dorsal rays mostly I/14 in the former and I/15 in the latter, anal rays mostly I/13 versus I/14, scales in lateral series about 45 versus 48). Gobius fallax is distinguishable by a different coloration pattern and shows the lowest values in mean fin and scale meristics. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of the first section of the control region revealed that all individuals of both colour morphs of G. auratus and of G. fallax form a single cluster of closely related haplotypes which are not sorted according to the species, suggesting their recent origin. Only G. xanthocephalus is, in agreement to morphology, also genetically distinct and represents a separate clade. The existence of a Gobius auratus species complex is therefore confirmed.


Introduction:
 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disaster disease characterized by obliterative vascular remodeling and persistent increase of vascular resistance, leading to right heart failure and premature death. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms will help develop novel therapeutic approaches for PAH patients.

 Hypothesis:
 We hypothesize that endothelial fatty acid metabolism is critical for obstructive vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of PAH.

 Methods:
 A severe mouse model of PH

 Egln1
 Tie2Cre

 mice were bred with

 Fabp45
 -/-

 mice to generate

 Egln1
 Tie2Cre

 /

 Fabp45
 -/-

 mice. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the pulmonary cells in

 Egln1
 Tie2Cre

 mice and

 Egln1
 Tie2Cre

 /

 Fabp45
 -/-

 mice. Human hPAEC from idiopathic PAH patients and healthy donors were used to measure fatty acid-binding protein 4 and 5 (FABP4 and FABP5) expression. siRNA-mediated knockdown of FABP4 and FABP5 and lentivirus-mediated FABP4 and 5 overexpression were performed to study cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glycolysis.

 Results:
 scRNA-seq analysis demonstrated that both FABP4 and 5 were highly induced in the ECs of

 Egln1
 Tie2Cre

 mice. PAECs from IPAH patients also showed higher expression of FABP4 and 5. Knockdown of FABP4-5 reduced EC proliferation, starvation-induced Caspase 3/7 activity, and glycolysis. Overexpression of FABP4-5 promoted EC glycolysis and proliferation. Genetic deletion of
 Fabp4
 and 5 in

 Egln1
 Tie2Cre

 mice exhibited a reduction of RVSP, RV hypertrophy, and reduction of EC glycolysis gene programming compared to

 Egln1
 Tie2Cre

 mice.

 Conclusions:
 FABP4 and 5 control EC glycolysis and contribute to the development of PAH.


The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a light emitting diode and, in particular, to provide a transparent enclosure to improve the method having the uniformity of the phosphor coating material, and thus to improve the uniformity of light emission efficiency and color temperature white LED. Comprising the steps of: providing a support; a light emitting diode chip is secured to at least over the scaffold; forming an enclosure frame having at least translucent live the LED chip; and providing a mixed resin containing at least one fluorescent material is formed on the region surrounded by the fence. Production method of the present invention also has a large number of widely used in packaging and production of various types of light-emitting diode chip effect.


Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a common and highly toxic contaminant in soils. Most remediation strategies developed for Cr(VI) contaminated soils aim at reducing the hexavalent form to the less toxic trivalent state, Cr(III), which can be efficiently immobilised in situ due to the very low solubility of Cr(III) compounds. This conversion can be achieved by conventional chemical methods. Another alternative is the exploitation of microbial processes, using microorganisms that exhibit the appropriate metal bioreduction potential. Current study investigates the possibility of exploiting the metabolic activity of an iron reducing microorganism, Desulfuromonas palmitatis. During the initial experiments Cr(VI) was added in the growth medium of the microorganism at three levels, i.e. 5, 15 and 30 mg/l. Complete reduction was obtained at all three concentrations, but growth of the bacteria was observed only in the medium with the lowest initial Cr(VI) content, i.e. 5 mg/l. In the subsequent experiments D. palmitatis were used for the treatment of soil samples artificially contaminated with Cr(VI) at two levels, i.e. 200 and 500 mg/kg. Experimental results with soils confirmed the bioreducing potential of D. palmitatis.


In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a low-complexity fiber nonlinearity impairments compensation (NLC) scheme based on simple recurrent neural network (SRNN), combining with the triplets derived from the first-order perturbation solution of the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Benefitting from the time memory of SRNN, the proposed NLC can reduce the computational complexity without sacrificing the compensation performance compared with the schemes based on memoryless feedforward neural networks. To verify the feasibility of the proposed NLC, the simulation systems of single channel and three channel 30 GBaud polarization division multiplexing (PDM) 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) over 2400 km standard single mode fiber transmission are constructed respectively. Comprehensive numerical simulation results demonstrate that although the NLC performance of proposed scheme is inferior to that of digital back propagation (DBP) with much higher complexity and impracticality, it can still achieve the competitive NLC performance with lower computational complexity compared to the schemes based on deep neural network (DNN) and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, it is further proved that using triplets as the feature required for NLC can cause the pattern of pseudo random bit sequence to be destroyed, resulting in the neural network-based NLC scheme not suffering from the problem of overestimation for performance. Additionally, the time memory of SRNN enables the number of triplets in training set required by the SRNN-based NLC to be reduced by 169% compared to that of DNN and ANN. The experimental results of 16 GBaud PDM-16QAM wavelength division multiplexing coherent systems demonstrate that compared to with ANN and DNN, the comparable NLC performance can also be achieved by the proposed scheme with lower complexity.


Under the background of global warming and developing marine economy, human settlement in the sea will be realized in the future. In this paper, the solutions to the important problems in the construction of marine cities are discussed, such as engineering structure, living environment, energy supply, garbage disposal, etc. The characteristics of existing marine cities concepts are analyzed, and the concepts of "Lotus" floating city, marine cylinder city, and "Dragon Palace" submarine city are put forward. The implementation plan of developing marine cities step by step is suggested in combination with the construction of cross-strait passages in China.


Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a protocol facilitated by a coupled particle pair to enable a sender to transfer energy to a receiver. A variant of the standard QET protocol is proposed in which energy transfer occurs in stages. This allows multiple transfers of energy via the same particle pair, achieving both greater overall efficiency and greater total energy throughput compared to standard QET. Two-stage QET is shown for a particular spin- 1 2 particle pair to simultaneously increase throughput by 36.9% and efficiency by 26.0% over standard QET, while for the same pair three-stage QET increases throughput 38.1% and efficiency 26.7% over standard QET.


Objective To study the effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAγr) on the biological characteristics of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs); Methods The activated HSCs were divided into four groups: control group, rosiglitazone group, GW9662 + rosiglitazone group and GW9662 group. The cell proliferation was determined with MTT colorimetric assay, The cell apoptosis was studied with flow cytometry. The expression of PPAγr, Type I collagen were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Results MTT of HSCs in rosiglitazone group was (0. 49±0. 06) significantly lower than in control group ( 1. 00±0. 045 ), GW9662 group (0. 89±0. 043 ) , GW9662 + rosiglitazone group (0.78±0.049)(t = 15.59,14.68,8.07, P0.01) respectively; The apoptotic rate of HSCs significantly increased in rosiglitzone group (P 0. 01) ;The expression of PPAγr mRNA and protein level markedly increased in HSCs of rosiglitazone group( P 0. 01) and the expression of type I collagen at mRNA and protein level decreased significantly in HSCs of rosiglitazone group (P 0. 01). Conclusion The effects of rosiglitazone on activated HSCs were through PPAγr and these effects can be inhibited by PPAγr antagonist GW9662, roziglitazone can increase the expression of PPAγr, decrease the expression of type I collagen and induce HSCs apoptosis.


The extinction of wildlife farms through the destruction of forest ecosystems arising from anthropogenic activities pose serious concern to conservation experts at the turn of this century. This study examined the significant role so far played by Pandrillus (NGO) in the conservation of primates' population at the Afi Mountains, Buanchor, Cross River State of Nigeria. Data were collected through physical observation, questionnaire administration and in-depth interview with selected staff of Pandrillus. Secondary data were also derived from the stock inventory records of captive bred and rehabilitated primate species of the organization. The results revealed increase in the stocking rate of primates over the years from 5 at inception in 1995 to 553 in 2012. However from the inception of the programme, no animal has been released to the wild as at the time of this study. Proper funding of the programme by stakeholders and the enlightenment of local people on sustainable forest


The use of smart devices inreases day by day and becomes an integral part of our daily lives. Communications system started by 2G technology has evolved into 3G, 4G, now we use 4,5G in our country and in the near future will be provided by 5G communications technology. Mentioned systems need appropriate antennas which can meet required frequencies. Therefore, microstrip patch antenna has been designed and simulated with 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.4, 2.6, and 3.5 resonance frequencies for being used in various technological applications.


The objective of this study was to establish a methodology for the micropropagation of Anthurium andreanum L. Young leaves from mother plants under greenhouse conditions were used as starting material. Different procedures were tested in order to determine the optimal desinfection method: double desinfection of leaves with sodium hypochlorite during 30 and 20 min enabled to 96 % healthy explants. MS medium supplemented by different concentrations of BAP and 2,4-D was used for callus induction and subculture. For sprout regeneration and rooting, two concentrations of BAP were tested, more than 10 adventitious sprouts per explant were obtained in all varieties with 1 mg.L -1


In order to overcome the drawback that the measurement uncertainty of the ultra-high resistance over 1014 Ω may be deteriorated severely due to insufficient resolution of the electrometer in conventional scheme, a novel method based on the dual sources high resistance bridge and non-contact voltage measurement is presented. The measurement uncertainty is largely dependent on the standard resistance and determined by the resolution of the electrostatic voltmeter. It is shown by the experimental results that the measurement uncertainty for the resistance of 100 TΩ to 1000 TΩ is better than 0.2%, k = 2.


The objective of the current investigation was performed to assess the hepatoprotective potentials and in vivo antioxidant properties
of methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila against thioacetamide induced liver damage in rats. The acute oral toxicity study of methanol
extract was determined as per OECD guidelines and the extract was proved to be safe up to the dose of 2000mg/kg. The total duration
of the study was 21 days and animals were divided into six groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the animals of all groups except
normal control by single dose administration of Thioacetamide(100mg/kg) at first day of the study followed by animals were treated
daily with standard drug sylimarin and methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) to respective
groups for 21 days. Variations in biochemical parameters like alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, total protein, ions and others parameters like clotting time and weight of
the liver were considered to determine beneficial effect of the extract. At the end of the study liver samples were collected and
subjected to histopathological evaluation. There were significant variations in the above mentioned biochemical parameters in toxic
control animals treated with Thioacetamide alone while in the animals treated with methanol extract and standard drug silymarin,
all the parameters were normal possibly due to their beneficial property in protecting the liver against thioacetamide induced
hepatotoxicity. The results obtained in the above study suggesting that, the methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila possess significant
hepatoprotective activity.


The cancer chemotherapeutic drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) was reacted with deoxyribonucleosides, and the products were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Monofunctional platination occurred at N(3) of cytidine, N(7) of guanosine, N(1) of adenosine, and N(7) of adenosine. Bifunctional platination occurred with guanosine N(7) to N(7), adenosine N(7) to N(7), and adenosine N(1) to N(7). In addition, mixed bifunctional products N(7) of guanosine-N(1) of adenosine and N(7) of guanosine-N(7) of adenosine were obtained. No bifunctional adducts were obtained that contained cytidine, presumably due to steric hindrance as trans-DDP did cross-link two cytidine residues. Similarly, no adenosine N(1) to N(1) was detected with cis-DDP. The only other products detected were obtained at high levels of cis-DDP and probably represented polymeric forms in which platinum chelates to itself.


Noise was measured on merchant ships of 3 types, during routine sea voyages. It was found that the equivalent noise levels calculated for engine crew members exceeded the accepted hygienic norm by 1-2 dB. Also audiometric examinations at the beginning and on completion of a voyage were performed, enrolling seamen from the engine room and from the deck crews. They showed statistically significant differences of temporary shift of the hearing threshold, more pronounced in the engine room crew.


Mainstreaming Students with Learning and Behavior Problems, by Colleen Blankenship and M. Steven Lilly. 353 pages, $22.95. Holt, Rjnehart and Winston, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017, 1981. Few topics in education have received more attention or caused more consternation among teachers than "mainstreaming." Yet, the tenets of mainstreaming are changing the traditional roles of both regular and special educators. This shift in responsibilities can be viewed as either a challenge or as a nuisance. The authors of this text clearly accept mainstreaming as a welcome challenge. They believe that mainstreaming can be effective if regular educators are provided with practical information on how to serve mildly handicapped students. Unlike most special education texts which address the needs of classroom teachers only tangentially, this book has been tailored for the classroom teacher who wants to become a more active participant in the identification, evaluation and instruction of mildly handicapped students. Section 1 provides the reader with an extensive overview of three mainstreaming issues: current perspectives on mainstreaming; referral and placement procedures; and the classroom teacher's role in educating students with special needs. The authors present a convincing rationale for mainstreaming. They contend that self-contained classes, with separate curricula, tend to isolate students from each other, making subsequent reintegration more difficult. Numerous efficacy studies are also cited which lend further support to the mainstreaming of students


With the principle of grey relational analysis,we systematically study the correlation degree between the manufacturing and tertiary industries in Jilin province and the features of the tertiary industries first,and then give some suggestions for the coordinated developments between the manufacturing and industries.Our researches can offer some support for the economic boom of Jilin province


A single-atom dispersed Ni doping strategy to boost the performance of N–C materials for CO2RR by the pyrolysis of a metal–organic molecule complex was reported and revealed.


We are currently experiencing a liquidity shock to the financial system, initiated by problems in the subprime mortgage market, which spread to securitization products more generally – that is, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and assetbacked commercial paper (MBS, ABS, and ABCP). Banks are being asked to increase the amount of risk that they absorb (by moving off-balance sheet assets onto the balance sheet), but the related losses that the banks have suffered are limiting somewhat the capacity of banks to absorb those risky assets. The result is a reduction in aggregate risk capacity in the financial system as losses force those who are used to absorbing risk to have to sell off or close out their positions.


In Polish cities, many organizations help senior citizens (60+), and many targeted programs support their healthcare. Rural areas, in contrast, have been very much neglected. The main goal of this study was to obtain data on selected health-related behaviors of seniors living in urban and rural areas. We compared exercise, eating habits, smoking and alcohol consumption. Material and methods. The study was conducted in Poland among people aged 60 and above living in remote rural areas (n=128) and the city (n=146). Interviews were used to conduct surveys and collect lifestyle data. The differences between urban and rural seniors were determined in a significance test of two structure coefficients at a significance level of α=0.05. Results. Some major differences between the two groups were observed: 23.35% of the rural and 15.75% of the city seniors did not exercise (p=0.0008); rural seniors smoked more (16.40%) than city seniors (7.53%; p=0.0225) and drank more units of alcohol at one time and tended to consume more animal protein. Conclusions. The findings suggest that social policies and local programs aimed at improving quality aging should take into account local differences between rural and urban senior communities and tailor actions accordingly. Rural seniors need more interest and support from both government institutions and social organizations.


Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two 5-HT3 receptor suppressant preventing schemes for cisplatin-and oxalipatin-induced vomiting.Methods Patients receiving cisplatin or oxaliplatin chemotherapy were randomly divided into four groups according to the preventing schemes:Group A and Group C(treated with palonosetron);Group B and Group D(treated with azasetron).The data were analyzed using pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis.Results Response rates of prevention of acute vomiting were 85.0%,80.4% for Group A and Group C;91.2%,87.7% for Group B and Group D(P0.05).The costs were 925.2,349.5,896.3 and 235.7 yuan for 4 Groups,respectively.Conclusions For the prevention of acute vomiting induced by cisplatin or oxaliplatin,azasetron is more optimal,granisetron may be preferable for patients with good economical condition.


At present,criminal responsibility over drunken driving is mainly stipulated in article 115 and 133 of the criminal law,but there are no adequate prescriptions to incriminate drunken driving and specify the types of drinking to be punished.It is justifiable to impose criminal responsibility over drunken driving.Thus,the legislation of criminal responsibility over drunken driving should be enacted by incriminating drunken driving in criminal law with rational measurement of penalty.


Hu Yuan was an outstanding scholar, educator in the early Song Dynasty, and the meaning of "Su Hu teaching method" is very rich. Hu Yuan regarded "understanding the system to achieve use " as the key of "Su Hu teaching method", and gained very big success. It's beneficial for the college students to forming their own revolutionary idealism, individuality and high quality,thus offering the high talented people to the society.


This thesis presents the topic of data visualization in web applications using the programming language JavaScript. Main goal of data visualization is to communicate information to the user effectively and clearly through graphical means. Thesis includes an overview of technologies and tools commonly used for developing modern web-based applications. In particular, we take a closer look at SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) and D3.js, a JavaScript library for manipulating documents. Using the presented technologies and tools we developed a web-based application for graphic and tabular display of data. The application consists of two main components, a query editor, which provides an interface for creating queries, and a graph component that is used to draw different types of graphs. Data between the web application and the server is exchanged asynchronously using AJAX technique. Application components are designed to be modular, meaning that individual components can be used independently.


The article discusses the partnership promotion rates and investment priorities of various national law firms such as DLA Piper, Eversheds, and Irwin Mitchell as of July 2014. According to the article, many British law firms have focused their efforts on domestic growth in cities such as London, England. Overseas promotions by American law firms are mentioned, along with information on the eurozone and Middle East partnerships involving firms such as Pinsent Masons.


This research [1]  aims to identify communication factors that help in the development of markets for young people. To accomplish this, we use instrumental variables that closely relate to communication with young people from Villavicencio: direct marketing, promotion, sales, public relations, advertising and digital media. Using SPSS, we present data in two blocks. The first corresponds to the analysis of all the young people in the city while the second makes a comparison between young people from low socio-economic level with those in medium to high levels.


Probability S-rough sets is proposed and mathematical structure of probability one direction S-rough sets and probability two direction S-rough sets are given,then the relation among probabilty S-rough sets,probability rough sets and Pawlak's rough sets are analyzed.


The bachelor thesis is focused on specification of human resource management. It considers its development, targets and shapes. The diagnostic model of access to management of human resources is used to analyse of activities related to this problem. On its base the activities are dispensed to rating of conditions, setting targets, forming outside and inside labor force, expansion, training and rewarding staff, staffing relations and assessment of results. The analysis of current condition of running of human resources at MAGNETON a.s. company is based on analysis of literature.


The purpose of this study was to examine the emergent evidence of social capital in a leisure club for middle‐aged and older women. We analysed 1693 members' responses to an online query about meaningful experiences garnered through participation in the Red Hat Society®. Our analysis revealed aspects of social capital, including bonding and bridging opportunities, social support, sisterhood and civic engagement. Members had a sense of community and this community intersected within the public spheres of the larger society through mechanisms such as Society‐led celebrations and volunteerism. We connect these aspects of social capital to issues of individual and community health and well‐being.