[Introduction]. This presentation will proceed by presenting a virtual meeting of two unlikely companions. Both of them have influenced the European constitutional tradition and discourse to a great extent. In some respects they represent extremes. In others they might agree. This paper will try to highlight some of the important points of discussion and try to see how we can conceptualize the Convention process in the light of these. It will try to build some common ground between the concepts of these writers. The underlying trouble of European constitutional discourse is that it still lacks a common language. Its points of reference are different. Abbe Sieyes and Jurgen Habermas shall for the purpose of this presentation represent two important strands of discussion. It will begin with an expose of the argument of Abbe Sieyes, still the most important reference point for member states' constitutional doctrine. It will try to separate his ideas of a pouvoir constituant from the nation as the only possible subject of this power. It will then contrast this doctrine as being voluntarist with the Kantian approach of universalism as a foundation of the constitution and describe the developments Habermas has added to that. With an excursus to Canadian constitutional development it will demonstrate why deliberative constitution-making is necessary on normative ground for the situation of the EU. Then it will discuss how the constitutionmaking group shall be determined. It will argue for the conception of the demos as a function of a deliberative procedure itself. In the light of this it will try to explain the representation of EU citizens in the Convention on the Future of Europe. Some comments on the question of a constitutional moment will follow and it will argue for a visible political process. Eventually, Sieyes and Habermas will meet in the composite constitution proposed by Pernice. In response to the topic of this conference I would like to add some remarks on the future development of the Convention method


Using the idea of decomposability of gauge potential and internal structure put forward by Duan Yi-Shi, we decompose gauge potential of SO( n ) group in the unit vector field by using geometric algebra method, we get the general decomposition form and discuss the properties of this decomposition. In this paper, we give the form of decomposition of SU(2) group and U(1) group with unit vector field, which is exactly the result given by famous physicist Fadeev in 1999. The local topological structure of Gauss-Bonnet-Chern density is discussed by using the general form of decomposition of SO( n ) gauge potential. The global topological structure of the density is Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem, and the Morse theoretical form of Euler-Poincare characteristic is easily obtained from the topological structure. A new circulation condition is obtained by using the normal potential decomposition of SU(2) gauge potential to study –1/2 Bose-Einstein condensate, which is also a generalization of the Mernin-Ho relation. Finally, using the relation between Torsion tensor and U(1) gauge theory of three-dimensional Riemannian geometry discovered by Duan Yi-Shi, the relation between dislocation line and link number is studied by using U(1) gauge potential decomposition.


This work deals with the controlled release of model active substance from polymer hydrogel to the environment that simulates body fluids. Model system for controlled re-lease of drug with possible application in medicine was created. The base of controlled release is creation of hydrogel matrix with active substance and preparation of impermeable wrapping with dimensionally defined aperture. Aperture is only the way how to release the active substance from hydrogel matrix. The active substance was released constantly from polymer matrix during the experiment. The size of aperture allows controlling the release rate of the active substance. The theoretical part is concerned on the biocompatibility of polymeric materials and interactions with the human body, complicated nature of human body environment and the distribution of the active substance in human organism. Furthermore, this work also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of hygrogel matrix for use in oral and dermal therapy. The practical part describes the preparation of hydrogel matrix that was prepared from polyvinylalcohol (PVA) enriched with model active substance and finally it was coated with impermeable wrapping based on mixed thermoplastic elastomer (TPO). The kinetics of release of active substance from the hydrogel matrix was studied by spectropho-tometry in the visible and ultraviolet regions in different media. The water, saline, 0.01 M solution of hydrochloric (pH 2) and buffer consisted of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (pH 9.9), were used as simulated body fluids. The release of active substance was measured at body temperature of 37°C. The results of spectrophotometric measure-ments describe the influence of the media and matrix on the release of the active substance.


This research paper is a compilation of eight different double-blind peer-reviewed original research papers by the author which were published in a reputed journal in past, and this paper integrates all of them into the single unified framework of "Unimedicine", forming a complete system of alternative medicine for physical and mental health. This paper contains the original text corpus of all those published research papers in a synergistic form without changing the content or meaning, forming the integrated corpus of Unimedicine. This paper is categorized into 4 sections, each section containing two of those eight papers, with duly mentioned reference to each paper. All of those eight research papers which constitute this paper are original intellectual creations of the Author.


Errors in short‐term recall of 23 English consonants were tabulated and related to three distinctive‐feature systems. The consonants were always presented in initial position in a consonant‐vowel diagram, and the vowel was always /a/. Subjects were instructed to copy a list of consonants as it was being presented, followed by recall of the list. Perceptual errors were excluded from the recall‐error matrix by scoring for recall only correctly copied consonants. The data were also analyzed in such a way as to eliminate differences in response bias for different consonants. Having controlled for response bias, each feature system makes predictions about the rank order of different intrusion errors in recall. Each of the three feature systems was significantly more accurate than chance in these predictions, but the most accurate system was one developed in the present study. This system is a slightly modified version of the conventional phonetic analysis of consonants in terms of voicing, nasality, openness o...


There is the need to assess the constraints to skilled delivery as a guide to improve maternal health and thereby achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5). It is known that even with the best possible antenatal care, any delivery can become complicated. Therefore skilled assistance is essential (GSS 2009) and needs to be given the relevant attention, especially in developing countries. In the more developed countries, skilled attendance is about 99.5% whereas that of Africa is 46.5% (WHO, 2008) and Ghana was 59% in 2008 (GSS 2012) below the WHO target of 85% in 2010 (WHO, 2005). The Ga East Municipality of Ghana has a skilled delivery trend of 29.8% in 2008, 31.6% in 2009 and 37.5% in 2010 respectively (Ga East District Annual Report, 2010). The question is: what are the barriers to the utilization of skilled delivery services in the area? Barriers associated with this trend is unknown and needs to be investigated. The main objective of this study is to determine the constraints associated with utilization of skilled delivery services in the Ga East Municipality. A cross sectional descriptive study design was used. Quantitative research methods were employed using structured pretested questionnaire. A study population of women (1549 years) who have delivered within one year prior to the study in the Ga East Municipal area was used. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling were employed using a sample size of (394) participants. The data entry and analysis was done using the Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Association between variables was determined using the Chi Squared Test. The findings showed that a majority of respondents 371 (94.1 %) attended ANC. About 79 % had skilled assistance at delivery with the remaining 21% delivering at home. Maternal education, occupation and household income as well as religion showed statistical association with the utilization of skilled delivery. The barriers to utilization of skilled delivery identified in the study include: transportation difficulties 43%, high cost of care 27.7%, others include: the influence of family decisions, poor attitude of health workers and poor quality care as some of the challenges. The rest were traditional / cultural or religious reasons. These challenges need to be addressed to improve skilled delivery services in the district.


The rock wettability near wellbore plays a key role to the productivity of the condensate gas reservoir. In order to research the wettability reversal extent, a novel gas-wetting reversal FC-1 and its effect have been studied. After the core is treated by FC-1, both water/gas and oil/gas spontaneous imbibition proved that FC-1 has superior gas-wetting reversing performance (wettability converted from amphiphilic to intermediate gas-wetting). Wettability reversal effect is enhanced after 100°C aging treatment, which proved that better hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of low FC-1 concentration could be obtained under that condition. Contact angles have no obvious change after 15 days, suggesting that FC-1 has a good durability and could realize the durable conversion on the condensate gas reservoir core.


Most fresh horticultural commodities are highly perishable and thus require proper care and handling during and after harvesting. Hence, packaging (pre-packaging, primary, secondary and tertiary) becomes an essential operation in prolonging the shelf life of the processed or fresh horticultural produce. Packaging provides containment and protection to the product and convenience and communication about the inside product to the end consumer. Consumer requirements and demands and world wide shifting patterns such as expectation of life and companies putting money into the production and delivery of food are driving innovation in food and packaging. Smart packaging is a novel and fascinating technological area with a lot of positive feedback from today's consumers. The two primary forms of smart packaging are active and intelligent packaging. Active packaging systems include active compounds put into sachets or pads and then placed in the package, as well as placed directly in the package or on the packaging material. Intelligent packaging comprises signs that describe the product's safety and quality, history, and the environment surrounding the container. Packaging in the traditional sense functions as a passive barrier, delaying the detrimental impact of environmental factors on the food product. These new innovative packaging systems, on the other hand, allow the package to interact with the environment and food, as well as play a vital part in the preservation of horticultural commodities. Despite substantial study into the innovative packaging technologies, several of these innovations have yet to be successfully deployed in commercial horticultural produce packaging systems. Comprehensive awareness of their potential in horticulture product packaging applications will help with effective development and broad commercial introduction.


Turbulent wall shear stress has a significant impact on high speed vehicle performance. Its large magnitude, relative to the thrust that can be produced by propulsion systems such as Scramjets, means that it is worthwhile to attempt to control the wall shear stress levels. Experimental and numerical investigations have revealed that combustion of hydrogen in the boundary layer provides a means for such control. When combustion occurs, changes in mean flow property profiles across the boundary layer have already been identified. These changes in mean flow properties have been used to hypothesize about changes occurring to the turbulent mechanisms of momentum transfer. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the changes that occur to the turbulent momentum transfer mechanisms for boundary layers that experience a wall shear stress reduction through chemical heat evolution from hydrogen combustion. The comparisons are made using large eddy simulation (LES) to simulate the turbulent transport processes within a fully developed turbulent boundary layer. With the advent of dynamic subgrid scale LESmodels that require no a priori specification of model coefficients, LES presents itself as a high fidelity means of studying turbulent processes without the computational expense of direct numerical simulation (DNS). Comparisons were made between two types of subgrid scale models, the eddy-viscosity/eddy-diffusivity model and the approximate deconvolution model (ADM). While the differences were minimal in most instances, the dynamically adjusting ADM procedure yielded better agreement with DNS and experimental datasets. The ADM subgrid scale model was able to clearly demonstrate the presence of the turbulent coherent structures found within boundary layers. The evolution of heat from the combustion of hydrogen within the boundary layer is included through two methods. Firstly, finite rate chemical kinetics are used to model the combustion reactions of hydrogen pre-mixed with the boundary layer flow. Secondly, the finite rate chemical kinetics approach is used to develop an energy source term to represent the heat evolution without the additional computational overheads of advancing the chemical reactions through time. The results from the numerical simulations with and without heat addition to turbulent boundary layers are presented and both methods of heat addition indicated reductions in wall shear stress. The analysis of the mechanisms of wall shear stress reduction used mean flow profiles, velocity fluctuation statistics, two-point spatial correlations, energy spectra, Reynolds stress transport budgets and instantaneous flow field visualizations. Changes to the processes of turbulent momentum transport were observed. The contribution of the Reynolds shear stress (pu'w') to the transport of momentum across the boundary layer was computed to be reduced by 40% when compared to the levels computed with no heat addition. Investigation of the Reynolds shear stress without density scaling (u'w') revealed that not all of the reduction is tied up in the reduced mean density profile. The observation of changes to the turbulent velocity field was confirmed by lower levels of the RMS of wall normal velocity fluctuations. An explanation for the reduced wall normal velocity fluctuation levels was provided by the heat addition process reducing the pressure-strain velocity fluctuation redistribution from the streamwise to wall normal direction. This redistribution process is the dominant mechanism responsible for the supply of the wall normal velocity fluctuations and hence momentum transport to the wall. The turbulent structures were observed to be altered significantly with the near wall streaks increasing their coherence length in the streamwise and spanwise directions. The increasing streamwise coherence revealed a possible mechanism of wall shear stress reduction with the streak termination event, near wall ejections, demonstrating a significantly reduced contribution to the Reynolds shear stress which it normally dominates. This work has shown that the changes that occur within the turbulent boundary layer can be captured using the LES technique. Additionaly, these changes that occur during the combustion process can be represented efficiently using a heat source approach. The hypothesis that the addition of heat to the boundary layer would not only induce a reduction in wall shear stress through mean property changes but also alter the turbulent coherent structures has been demonstrated.


Preface Introduction ( Samir Kumar Das) PART I CONTEST OVER SOVEREIGNTY Towards Postcolonial Statehood: Constabulary Strikes and the Question of Colonial Inheritance, British India 19457 (Partha Pratim Shil) Indian National Congress and the Bureaucracy: Contesting Sovereignty after the Transfer of Power ( Suhit K. Sen) PART II CITIZENS AND THE EQUALS The Violent Foundations of Citizenship (Ranabir Samaddar) Equality amongst Equals: Reflections on the Political Institutions and Violence in Contemporary India (Samir Kumar Das) PART III LAW AS VIOLENCE Inclusion as Violence (Ashok Agrwaal) Reading Life and Death into the Legal Text (Mayur Suresh) PART IV MOVEMENTS AT HOME AND OUTSIDE Addressing Domestic Violence: Changing Strategies within the Womens Movement, Kolkata, 19802010 ( Samita Sen and Nandita Dhawan) The Chronicle of a Forgotten Movement: West Bengal1959 Revisited ( Sibaji Pratim Basu) Index Notes on Editor and Contributors


In this paper, we prove that, for any a, M ∈ ℕ with (a, M) = 1, there are infinitely many Carmichael numbers m such that m ≡ a mod M.


Recent outbreak of corporate financial crises worldwide has brought attention to the need for a new international financial architecture which rests on crisis prediction and crisis management. It is therefore both desirable and vital to explore new predictive techniques for providing early warnings against bankruptcy. Financial data have been widely used by researchers to predict financial distress or business crisis, but few studies exploit the use of non-financial indicators related to corporate governance to construct business crisis prediction model. This article introduces into the field of business crisis prediction model based on a combination of both financial and corporate governance related non-financial data. The experiment results show that the combined use of both financial and non-financial features with SVM model leads to a more accurate prediction of financial distress.


LUCIFER is a full cryogenic NIR spectrograph and imager to be built by a consortium of fiber institutes, Max Planck Institut fuer Astronomie in Heidelberg, Max Planck Institut fuer Extraterrestrische Physik in Garching, Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr Universitaet Bochum and Fachhochschule fuer Technik und Gestaltung in Mannheim. The instrument has been selected as one of three first-light instruments for the Large Binocular Telescope on Mt. Graham, Arizona which first mirror becomes available to the community in early 2003. The second mirror and a second more or less identical spectrograph/imager follows 18 months later. Both LUCIFER instruments will be mounted dat the bent Gregorian foci of the two individual LBT-mirrors and include six observing six observing modes: seeing and diffraction limited imaging, seeing and diffraction limited longslit spectroscopy, seeing limited multi-object spectroscopy and integral-field spectroscopy. The detector will be a Rockwell HAWAII-2 HgCdTe-array with a pixel-size of 18(mu) .


Bio medical wastes are waste generated from hospitals at various wards. There are different kinds of biomedical waste such as Anatomical waste, Animal waste, biology and biotechnology discarded medicine and cytotoxic drugs, Incineration Ash, Waste sharps, Soiled waste, Solid waste, Liquid waste, Chemical waste. This waste must be transported from hospitals to common treatment facility where these wastes are recycled using treatment equipments in order to avoid pollution. In this project we are developing an android application for tracking the biomedical waste from hospital to CTF (common treatment facility). Bio medical waste tracking system is to keep track the bio medical waste generated at hospitals. System mandates the hospital staffs to record the wastage generated at the point of generation(ward level) by scanning the bar coded bags and it is transported to Common Treatment Facility (CTF). Application will detect the availability of internet and synchronize the data with the main server periodically. Hospitals and CTF need not require active internet for using the system. The main purpose of this application is, it will be capable of capturing data offline (absence of Internet) and the movement of waste disposal will be tracked using GPS from the hospital to common treatment facility.


Bio-slurry is considered as a good quality organic fertilizer in Bangladesh agriculture. An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to assess the effect of bulking materials over the composting of bio-slurry. The experiment was conducted with 4 treatments each of 3 replications. The treatments for compost preparation were, T0 (50% Bio-slurry + 50% manure), T1 (50% Bio-slurry + 50% manure and saw dust), T2 (50% Bio-slurry + 50% manure and rice straw), T3 (50% Bio-slurry + 50% manure and tree leaves). Compost moisture, pH, temperature and C: N ratio was assessed every week. Maximum temperature found in T1 (34.03 C) and other treatments showed a slower rise in temperature. Highest C:N ratio (19.30) was obtained in T3. The pH of the compost was significantly influenced by saw dust which ranged from 8.28 in T2 to 8.74 in T1. Moisture content of compost was significantly influenced by bulky materials and ranged from 56.34 to 68.83. At 42 day the highest crude fiber was obtained in T2 (25.16%). The results suggest that bulky materials treated bioslurry can be good compost which will be very effective to soil and crops.


The leader of the team that discovered the bones of a diminutive hominid on the Indonesian island of Flores charges that the specimens were seriously damaged after being borrowed by Indonesia9s most prominent paleoanthropologist.


Abstract A new automated method for measuring cyclosporine in plasma has been introduced by Abbott Laboratories, involving the TDx instrumentation and fluorescence polarization immunoassay. We have used currently the Sandoz Ciclosporin RIA for cyclosporine therapeutic monitoring for a long time. In order to find a method that will decrease the labor requirements associated with RIA procedure, we used specimens from 64 transplant patients to compare, both from analytical and clinical points of view, the Abbott assay with the Sandoz Ciclosporin assay. We believe that the Abbott assay offers some analytical advantages over the ciclosporin RIA procedure and can be used with confidence for cyclosporine therapeutic monitoring for kidney, heart and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.


The author discusses the growth potential in the field of parallel processing. The general requirements for a parallel language are listed, and a description is presented of the features provided by CHILL (CCITT high level language) for concurrency. Enhancements which will widen its suitability for various general requirements of a parallel language and which cover a variety of applications are suggested.<<ETX>>


Gebreegziabher BG, Tsegay BA. 2018. Evaluation of farmers' knowledge on the rare Abyssinian pea (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum) landraces of Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 19: 1851-1865. Abyssinian pea (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum A. Braun) is a rare and problematic taxon requiring evaluation of present farmers' local knowledge. Cross-sectional data were collected from 444 respondents and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was used; one way ANOVA for significance test of variance and Exhaustive CHAID growth method for predictions. Prediction results showed that the crop requires about two good rains, Nitisol soils and about 21-30 kg ha-1seeding rate. The flowering to maturity time ranges 11∕2 to 21∕2 months depending on the agroecology (highland or lowland), with a yield of about 300-400 kg ha-1on average. The crop distribution is currently limited to three to four districts and sown after other crops are harvested. Major factors hindering its distribution are agro-ecological suitability, lack of intervention and preference of high yielding pea varieties. The crops' inferiority in yield and pest susceptibility is the main reason for less extensive awareness on the crop. Though inferior in yield and susceptible to pest, farmers still prefer to grow the crop because of its marketability for local exchange and consumption. The core production problems currently remarked by farmers are expensive price of the seed to buy and small land holding.


The analysis of spontaneous discourse highlights an aspect of language that often remains unnoticed in other, more theoretically minded fields of linguistics: the emergence of language through real time.

Keywords:

discourse analysis;
phonology;
prosody


Introduction. Residents of northern regions have a diet low in essential macro- and microelements. The Sea of Okhotsk is an enormous source of fish and non-fish products. We aimed to determine mineral contents in marine fish, shellfish, and algae in order to assess if they could satisfy the daily requirement for these elements through fish and non-fish consumption.
Study objects and methods. Our study objects were saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis L.), blue-headed halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides L.), commander squid (Berryteuthis magister L.), northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis L.), salted pink salmon caviar (Oncorhynchus gorbuscham L.), and kelp (Laminaria L.). The contents of 25 macro- and microelements were determined by atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma.
Results and discussion. The absolute contents of macro- and microelements in the marine species were used to assess the proportion of the recommended daily requirement that they account for. Also, we performed a thorough comparative analysis of mineral quantities in the studied species of marine fish, pink salmon caviar, shellfish, and algae from the Sea of Okhotsk. Finally, we examined the elemental status of the coastal residents belonging to the "northern type" and identified their deficiencies of vital chemical elements.
Conclusion. Some chemical elements in the studied marine species from the Sea of Okhotsk (Magadan Region) satisfy over 100% of the daily human requirement for these minerals. Therefore, their products can be recommended as part of a northern diet in order to compensate for the deficiencies of certain minerals.


The increasing number of vehicles, followed by traffic congestion, has posed a great challenge to the optimal control of traffic for human societies. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable development in the field of integrated urban management, control of transportation networks is inevitable. The proper method for optimal traffic control should certainly be adaptable in order to be able to manage urban traffic that has a dynamic, complex and changeable nature. In this regard, the method of reinforcement learning that does not require a mathematical model of the environment is very important. In this paper, an intelligent method for controlling urban traffic based on reinforcement learning is presented in which a 4-way intersection is modeled with two different scenarios for low and high traffic congestion. The results obtained after repeated experiments of implementing the proposed method and also its improved model on the mentioned intersection show that the amount of travel time delay has been reduced compared to the usual fixed time methods. After comparing with the two fixed time methods, the waiting time of vehicles at the intersection is 15% and 86% improved for the scenario with low and high traffic congestion respectively, compared to the first method and 37% and 16% compared to the second method.


To check the validity of the transform theory, we conduct computational validation tests of the transform theory by using a sophisticated integral equation theory, one-dimensional Ornstein-Zernike equation1 coupled with both hypernetted-chain closure and VerletChoudhury-Ghosh bridge function.2 In the main text, we prepared Tables 1-3 (model systems 1-18) for the verification tests, however, the number of the model systems are not sufficient. In the supplementary information, we prepare other model systems (see Tables S1 and S2).


Sequential patterns in customer transactional databases are commonly mined for E-Commerce recommendations. In many practical applications, the absence of certain item-sets and sequences could have important implications. Mining frequent sequences comprising not only the occurrence but also the absence of certain sequences will increase the accuracy of product recommendations. A sequential pattern containing at least one absent item set is called a negative sequential pattern. In this paper, we formulate the problem of negative sequential pattern mining by introducing practical constraints and propose an algorithm called PNSP for the mining. The discovered patterns can then be more interesting and effective to use. The experimental results show that PNSP may discover negative sequential patterns for practical E-commerce applications.


Hyporhamphus Sajori (TS) appears in the waters off the Shandong coast from April to November and breeds from May to June.The breeding group is composed of **********I-***********III year fish,with an average fork length of 158-320mm,and weight of 14.5-102g.H.Sajori (T S) grows rapidly.The average fork length and weight are 225mm and 25.5g respectively for the yearlings,270 mm and 52g for the *******II year fish,and 300 mm and over 80 g for the ******III year fish.This fish matures sexually at one year of age.Its brood amount ranges from 4 to 22 thousands.And its main food is planktons.It is an important fishing resource off the Shandong coast.


Felting is the action of permanent shrinkage in fabrics and is a problem for the wool industry. Feltball diameter (FBD) is a measurement that offers the potential of selecting sheep on the basis of their felting shrinkage potential. This study examines repeatability of measuring feltball diameter throughout the lifespan of breeding Merino ewes. Feltball diameters were determined on wool of ewes at hogget age and then at the age of 2, 3 or 4 years. The correlation between adult FBD and hogget FBD is weak (rp=0.14) indicating that the measurement is probably not repeatable over the lifespan of a ewe. Fibre curvature and diameter are the two significant characteristics in explaining FBD at adult age. The best linear regression of these parameters explains only 20% of variation in FBD at adult age.


The tensile tests for [0/90]s, [90/0]s, and laminate composite were accomplished with acoustic sensor and failure processes were recorded by a video camera in real time. Also SEM examinations for fracture and side surface were carried out. The purpose of study is estimation of the failure mechanism and the mechanical properties effected by lay-up orientation for CFRP laminate composite with the hole notch. From the results, mechanical properties were obtained and they are similar between two kinds of cross-ply orientation in CFRP laminate composites, but not on . And accordings to increasing the load, accumulate AE count was increased, regardless of lay-up orientation. Futhermore, failure mechanism was described by a video monitoring and SEM.


Tyrosine-C 14 was administrated i.v. at different rates to unanesthetized rats. Accumulation of norepinephrine-C 14 was determined in the heart, brain and submaxillary glands. A technique is described which allows calculation of norepinephrine synthesis rates from the ratio of norepinephrine-C 14 content and mean specific tyrosine activity. Estimated synthesis rates were higher than expected from previous determinations of norepinephrine turnover rates. It is suggested that the turnover rate of norepinephrine may not measure its true synthesis rate. Norepinephrine formation in the submaxillary gland was reduced to insignificant values after sympathetic denervation. The technique was also applied to the estimation of changes in norepinephrine synthesis after alterations of adrenergic nerve impulse activity. Sympathetic decentralization diminished, whereas nerve stimulation accelerated, norepinephrine synthesis in the submaxillary gland of the unanesthetized rat.


Ostalactones A-C (1-3), three new β- and ε-lactone natural products, were isolated from the culture broth of the basidiomycete Stereum ostrea. The structures were elucidated by interpretation of HRFABMS and 1D and 2D NMR data. The structures of 1 and 2 are characterized by the presence of a β-lactone containing a fused 4/5 bicyclic core structure. Compound 3 possesses a 2-oxepinone ring system, which is likely to be a biosynthetic precursor of compounds 1 and 2. Ostalactones A (1) and B (2) displayed potent inhibitory activity against human pancreatic lipase.


The article analyzes foreign and Russian literature, researches to study and form an understanding of the relationship be-tween the characteristics of resilience and various personal qualities of a leader. When conducting a study of the resilience of a leader, one should study his individual and personal characteristics, accentuations of character and his reaction in the framework of an adverse event. It is necessary to measure this criterion before, during, and after the event. It is recommended to use not only testing and inter-viewing of the manager himself, but also to systematically conduct a survey of his fellow managers and employees of the organization.


Polarimetric SAR images include plenty of scattering mechanism information of targets,which are of important potential in edge detection.In this review,edge detection for polarimetric SAR images is studied systematically,the issues are analyzed which are in edge detection of SAR images along with single polarized images,the existing detectors are classified,the newest progress in polarimetric SAR edge detection is introduced and problems are pointed.In the end,conclusions are made and the possible future work is explained.


Local universities were needed to construction of curriculum system under collaborative innovation. The curriculum was based on chemical knowledge and centered on ability cultivation. The ability can be divided into communal ability,professional competence and developing potential. However,the curriculum content was designed according to apply for serving the local economy for achieving cultivation of innovative and technical applied talents.


The article discusses research by Vinish Kathuria, who tested the spillover effect in a study examining whether domestic Indian firms have indirectly benefited from foreign direct investment because of the transfer of technology from multinational corporations (MNC) to local firms. Implications of technology transfer on productivity are looked at. The effect of MNC presence on technology spillover was examined using 14 years of data from 1975-76 to 1988-89, from 368 firms across 26 manufacturing industries. It was concluded that indirect gains or spillovers should not be assumed to be an automatic consequence of foreign firms' presence in developing economies. Kathuria suggests that spillover is most likely an outcome of the efforts of local firms to invest in learning or research and development activities.


By analyzing the data of drilling cores,costing thin sections as well as physical property,the petrology characteristics,characteristics of pore and permeability and the porosity types are studied and the influences factors are also analyzed about Chang 2 and Chang 6 oil-bearing beds in the Ansai Oilfield.The result indicates that they both have the characteristics of petrology of lower mineral maturity and high stuctrue maturity,but Chang 2 is better than Chang 6 in mineral maturity.The former has the porosity types of carbonate dissolution porosity-feldspar dissolution porosity-primal grain porosity while the later has the porosity types of feldspar dissolution porosity-primal grain porosity-laumontite dissolution porosity.The physical property represent that Chang 2 is middle pore and low permeability,Chang 6 is middle pore and very low permeability. Sedimentry environment,petrology composition and radius,composition and amount,and the diagenesis are all the factors that influence the reservoirs.


The present study deals with the abundance of the most common accessory elements of the 22 radioactivity carriers on the Stara Planina mountain at four defined locations. All investigated 23 locations have increased radioactivity, greater than 200 cps, up to 1250 cps. In all examined 24 samples the following elements were detected and their concentrations were determined: Zr, Rb, 25 W, Mo, Sn, Zn, Cu, As, Sb, Ba, Ni, Cr, V, and Ti. The analysis showed that depending on the 26 sample, elevated concentrations of all detected elements except titanium were found. As all 27 localities contained containing the listed detected elements are located near the watercourses, all 28 the present elements, and in particular, those with elevated concentrations can be relatively easily 29 transferred to the environment by the water action. Likewise, there is the possibility of eolic 30 (eolian?) erosion from the investigated deposits and tailings dams whereby these chemical 31 elements and/or radionuclides would be distributed to areas away from the primary sources of 32 natural radioactivity. These represent have the a high risk of their spreading and therefore have 33 harmful or radioecological effects on the environment. The study indicated a need for adequate 34 monitoring, and risk assessment on of the examined locations, which could prevent the 35 distribution of these elements further into the environment.


The purpose of this research is to describe the reduplication in the aspect of form and meaning in the novel Garis Waktu by Fiersa Besari. This research is a qualitative descriptive. The data are in the form of expressions found in the novel Garis Waktu by Fiersa Besari. Based on the data analysis, thera are 190 expressions of reduplication are found. In the aspect of reduplication, 158 citations were found, with the following details; 1) the most dominant form of reduplication found was whole repetition that was 110 expressions; The dominant form of reduplication is the repetition of affixes that was 34 expressions; the least repetition form were 23 expressions, namely partial repetition; and the form of repetition of phoneme changes found in 3 expressions. As for the aspect of the meaning of reduplication, 32 expressions were found, with the following details: the most dominant meaning of reduplication is seven expressions that was "expressing intensity"; The meaning of reduplication which is quite dominant consists of three parts, namely: 6 expressions for restatement containing the meaning of 'much', 6 expressions for restatement containing words "kinds of", and 6 expressions of rephrasing which contain the meaning of "weakening the meaning'; and the meaning of reduplication was at least 4 repeated expressions with the meaning of "mutually", then 3 repeated expressionswith the meaning of "which resembles the repeated word".


The nutritional ingredients,including crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE),crude fiber(CF),crude ash,nitrogen free extract(NFE),total starch,amylopectine,amylase,amino acid(AA),non-starch polosaccharides(NSP)and minerals content of three kinds of cassava products(CPS)and corn control,and in vitro dry matter(DM)and starch digestibility,and starch profiles were studied.The results showed that CP and AA of the CPS were lower than that of corn,and the quality of its CP was poor.Cassava pellets(CE)had higher EE,crude ash and CF(P0.05).Cassava residue(CR)was lower at NFE than that of cassava chips(CC)(P0.05),but the CF and crude ash of it were higher than those of CC and corn(P0.05).The total starch content was similar among CC,CE and corn,and the amylose/amylopectin of CPS was lower than that of corn(P0.05).The resistant starch of CR was higher than that of others(P0.05).The starch granule shape of corn was irregular polyhedron and cassava starch granule shape was a ball.The Ca,K,Fe and Mn of CPS was higher than those of corn,and reverse case for the P and Zn(P0.05).Corn was lower at SNSP than that of CPS,and SNSP of CR was higher than that of CC and CE(P0.05).Insoluble NSP of CR was higher than that of CC and CE(P0.05),and insoluble galactose was higher than that of others(P0.05).DM and starch digestibility of CE was higher than that of others(P0.05),and DM and starch digestibility of CR was lower than that of CC and corn(P0.05).The evaluation results have certain guiding significance for the future application of cassava products in feed industry.


ABSTRACT Herein, a green, simple, and cost-effective synthesis method for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been established by using citrus pectin as reducing and capping agent. Importantly, no toxic chemicals were added into the synthesis process. The Ag NPs were characterized by UV-vis, TEM, XRD, and FTIR. The results indicated the Ag NPs were spherical shape with small, uniform size of 3 nm and excellent dispersity. Additionally, the Ag NPs have good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Using citrus pectin for preparation of Ag NPs was potentially a new path for the efficient utilization of citrus resources.


One of the major challenges of operating events and venues is that of managing attendee/patron alcohol and drug use. In the Australian context, a rising number of alcohol and drug-related incidents in and around these settings have resulted in a renewed focus on how these negative outcomes can be more effectively controlled. In order to aid those charged with the task of addressing this matter—event and venue managers, police, security firms, alcohol and drug regulatory bodies, and governments at all levels—this article seeks to identify those variables with the potential to impact this management issue. Further, it aims to provide the previously identified stakeholders with a deeper appreciation of the raft of practices that are currently in use, and potentially available to them, as they build responses to this challenge at the individual state, precinct, venue, or event level. The research approach used involved an extensive literature review and a series of in-depth interviews with key stakeholders across three states—New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia.


the years, steadily creeping toward the top of the newscast. Even though the volume of polls has grown significantly over the past half-century, the volume of poll coverage on CBS peaked in 1992, the year of the highly volatile contest among Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush and Ross Perot. While no subsequent cycle of election news matched the amount of poll reporting that year, journalists continued to use survey results to contextualize candidate choices and campaign dynamics throughout the elections that followed. This book offers a very thorough treatment of the interplay between surveys, reporters and presidential campaign stories generated on CBS News. Even so, Craig might have said a bit more about his decision to downplay the role of state-level surveys in this discussion. While television newscasts have consistently focused on nationwide surveys through most of the study period, the increasing use of battleground state polls in the evening newscasts in more recent election cycles arguably deserves more attention than Craig provides. This highly accessible book has great relevance to undergraduate courses in political communication, media studies and journalism. Today's students will be fascinated by the "just the facts" orientation of CBS News during the years of Walter Cronkite, and even by the occasional departures from that standard, a very different approach from the "politics as sports" orientation of contemporary campaign journalism. Well-fashioned, thoughtful essays from Eric Sevareid and Andy Rooney on campaign polls from a generation or two ago are presented here, and likewise provide a compelling contrast from today's white-hot political commentary found online and on partisan cable outlets. For some scholars, this book offers compelling evidence that there really was a golden age of television news. For others, this book offers a dismal recounting of the decline in campaign news reporting and analysis on television over the past half-century.


The risks and benefits associated with a given fishery-management measure, such as choice of a total allowable catch (TAC), depend on how future measures are to be chosen. It is therefore more appropriate to assess the risks and benefits of procedures or algorithms for determining management actions rather than those of single actions. The properties of a management algorithm can be explored by simulating its behaviour in hypothetical test scenarios. In each scenario, annual data with random error are generated from a simulated fishery and used by the algorithm to determine the TAC or other management measure for the next year. The performance of a management algorithm is measured against a variety of competing criteria that reflect the extent to which it achieves the conservation of fish resources, allows a reasonable level of utilization, and provides an acceptable degree of stability in catch or effort limits. Through an iterative process of testing and development, a management algorithm can be found that is robust towards uncertainties and that can be tuned to provide the desired trade-off between competing performance goals. The approach is illustrated using the Catch Limit Algorithm developed for the management of baleen whale harvests.


While there is great interest in designing and controlling biologically-inspired, tendon-driven robotic hands, we have lacked computational methodologies to evaluate and refine alternative topologies based on objective grasp metrics. We have overcome this obstacle by employing computational geometry to find the full set of feasible grasp wrenches and the corresponding grasp quality metrics for a collection of fingers driven by multiple tendons with arbitrary routing and maximal tensions. We present this analysis for twoand three-finger grasps performed by threedimensional fingers, each with 4 kinematic degrees of freedom (DOFs, one ad-abduction and three flexion-extension joints). Introduction: Biologically-inspired tendon-driven systems have been designed for the past few decades for the purposes of grasping and manipulation [1]. These systems have distinct advantages over torquedriven systems including light weight, low backlash, small size, high speed, remote actuation, and significant design flexibility in setting moment arms and maximal tendon tensions [2]. This allows optimization of system output capabilities for a particular task. Here we demonstrate a comprehensive technique for computing the full set of feasible grasp wrenches for arbitrary tendon-driven finger topology and grasp configuration, allowing the calculation of grasp quality metrics. We present comparisons of grasp quality for two different tendon-driven finger topologies and two grasp configurations. Methods: The tendon layouts analyzed are shown in Figure 1. The link lengths were 2cm and all moment arms were 5mm. Figure 1a shows a "2N" design which has 8 tendons (N is the number of DOFs) and Figure 1b shows an "N+1" design which has 5 tendons. The maximal tendon tension sum is 1000N, which is divided up evenly among the tendons for each finger. Figure 1: Tendon layouts analyzed. (a) 2N design. (b) N+1 design. The fingertip force-production capabilities for these two designs are determined by calculating the feasible force set, which is a function of tendon layout [3]. After the feasible force sets are calculated, they are intersected with friction cones in order to produce a feasible object force set. This set represents the forces that can be applied to the object by the fingertip, and it is illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2: Feasible force set intersected with friction cone. Joint 1 Ad-abduct Joint 2 Flex-extend Joint 3 Flex-extend Joint 4 Flex-extend


As the industry pushes to ever more complex illumination schemes to increase resolution for next generation memory and logic circuits, sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF) placement requirements become increasingly severe. Therefore device manufacturers are evaluating improvements in SRAF placement algorithms which do not sacrifice main feature (MF) patterning capability. There are known-well several methods to generate SRAF such as Rule based Assist Features (RBAF), Model Based Assist Features (MBAF) and Hybrid Assisted Features combining features of the different algorithms using both RBAF and MBAF. Rule Based Assist Features (RBAF) continue to be deployed, even with the availability of Model Based Assist Features (MBAF) and Inverse Lithography Technology (ILT). Certainly for the 3x nm node, and even at the 2x nm nodes and lower, RBAF is used because it demands less run time and provides better consistency. Since RBAF is needed now and in the future, what is also needed is a faster method to create the AF rule tables. The current method typically involves making masks and printing wafers that contain several experiments, varying the main feature configurations, AF configurations, dose conditions, and defocus conditions – this is a time consuming and expensive process. In addition, as the technology node shrinks, wafer process changes and source shape redesigns occur more frequently, escalating the cost of rule table creation. Furthermore, as the demand on process margin escalates, there is a greater need for multiple rule tables: each tailored to a specific set of main-feature configurations. Model Assisted Rule Tables(MART) creates a set of test patterns, and evaluates the simulated CD at nominal conditions, defocused conditions and off-dose conditions. It also uses lithographic simulation to evaluate the likelihood of AF printing. It then analyzes the simulation data to automatically create AF rule tables. It means that analysis results display the cost of different AF configurations as the space grows between a pair of main features. In summary, model based rule tables method is able to make it much easier to create rule tables, leading to faster rule-table creation and a lower barrier to the creation of more rule tables.


A procedure for the preparation of amorphous silica spherical macroparticles using strongly basic anion exchange gel resins as shape directing macro-templates is presented. Resin beads were hydroth ...


Acculturation, as a process of cultural change, has been related to a number of consequences including psychological distress. While some research has demonstrated how post‐migration stressors influence the adjustment of immigrants, it has been proposed that daily hassles—irritants in daily interactions—such as minor chronic problems with the in‐group and the out‐group have an even greater impact on adjustment than major life events. Furthermore, research has shown that ethnic identification profiles and discrimination are two factors closely associated with adjustment among immigrant populations. This study was, therefore, meant to further investigate the relationships among ethnic identity, discrimination (personal and collective), and adjustment (self‐esteem and depression) through a model proposing daily hassles as a mediator among these factors. There were 100 first‐ and second‐generation Lebanese‐Canadians who participated in the study. They completed a questionnaire measuring ethnic identification ...


As an important problem of public health, the childhood depression deserves special attention, in which the serious and long term consequences of the disease weigh to the childhood development. Taking this in consideration, the present study was based in the following research question: which practical contribution the actual scientific literature about childhood depression has to offer to clinicians and researchers? The aim of the present study was to evaluate the actual evidence concerning the different aspects (etiology/risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognostic and prevention) of childhood depression, with the purpose to systematize such evidences and to contribute with the knowledge about the problem. In way to reach this aim, it was performed a systematic review of articles about childhood depression, in the period from January first of 2010 to January 16 of 2014, in the databases PubMED, MEDLINE and SciELO. In the research, the following terms were used: "depression" (MeSH), "child" (MeSH) and "childhood depression" (Keyword). Of the 860 found studies, 76 met the eligibility criteria. The found studies covered a wide variety of aspects related to childhood depression, as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognostic. The actual scientific literature about the chil dhood depression converges to, directly or not, highlight the negative impacts of the depression disorders to the life quality of the children. Unfortunately, the found studies show that the childhood depression is a disorder that develops most commonly in a poverty and vulnerability scenery, where the individual and familiar necessities concerning the childhood depression are not always taken in consideration. In this context, this review demonstrates that the depression started in


The results of regional trials by several years showed that Jiafuzhan had high quality, high yield, moderately resistant to rice blast, high cold tolerance at seedling stage and moderate heat tolerance at heading stage. The analysis of correlation and path showed that in four yield components of Jiafuzhan, the effective panicle per area was the key factor to effect the yield. Cultivation strategy for high yield should be taken to accelerate tiller to ensure enough effective panicle per area. And the results of orthogonal test for high yield showed that seedling density with 16. 7-20.0 cm×20.0 cm, N 210 kg·hm-2, fertilizer application with N, P, K and organic manure could gain high yield.


p53 wild-type is a tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA gene transcription or DNA repair mechanisms. When damage to DNA is unrepairable, p53 induces programmed cell death (apoptosis). The mutant p53 gene is the most frequent molecular alteration in human cancer, including breast cancer. Here, we analyzed the genetic alterations in p53 oncogene expression in 55 patients with breast cancer at different stages and in 8 normal women. We measured by ELISA assay the serum levels of p53 mutant protein and p53 antibodies. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR using specific p53 primers as well as mutation detection by DNA sequencing were also evaluated in breast tumor tissue. Serological p53 antibody analysis detected 0/8 (0%), 0/4 (0%) and 9/55 (16.36%) positive cases in normal women, in patients with benign breast disease and in breast carcinoma, respectively. We found positive p53 mutant in the sera of 0/8 (0.0%) normal women, 0/4 (0%) with benign breast disease and 29/55 (52.72%) with breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry evaluation was positive in 29/55 (52.73%) with mammary carcinoma and 0/4 (0%) with benign breast disease. A very good correlation between p53 mutant protein detected in serum and p53 accumulation by immunohistochemistry (83.3% positive in both assays) was found in this study. These data suggest that detection of mutated p53 could be a useful serological marker for diagnostic purposes.


Objectives: Current evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychotherapy for the treatment of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) indicates that there is still a need to improve outcomes by investigating the application of new developments in psychotherapy for the treatment of BED. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) has been successfully applied for the management of several psychological disorders. However, to date, there has been no published research in the area of MCT for BED. Method: The current study employed a case series design to explore the application of MCT for BED. Three participants engaged in 12 weeks of MCT treatment. Results: All participants no longer met criteria for BED at the end of therapy and displayed significant improvement on the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire (EOQ) and Binge Eating Scale (BES) at both post-treatment and at 2-month follow-up. Results on the Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ-30) suggest that MCT, as an intervention for BED, may target positive metacognitions and, to a lesser extent, negative metacognitions. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that MCT is a promising intervention in the treatment of BED, warranting further investigation.


Human Resources Management is a term increasingly used to refer to the philosophy, policies, procedures and practices related to the management of an organization's employees. The study was motivated to investigate the effect of adopting strategic human resource management practices on organizational development by focusing on the University of Nairobi. The study also sought to find out the effects of adoption of human resource information system, recruitment strategy, training and development strategy and reward strategy on organisational development in the University of Nairobi. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study population was 94 respondents. The study used a semi structured questionnaire to collect primary data. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of inferential and descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed by use of content analysis. Descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviation and frequency distribution were used to analyze the data. Data presentation was done by the use of pie charts, bar charts and graphs, percentages and frequency tables. The study established that training and development strategy was the most significant factor in influencing organizational development, followed by reward strategy, HRIS and recruitment strategy. The study also established that there is a positive relationship between HRIS, recruitment strategy, training and development strategy, recruitment strategy reward strategy and organizational development. In addition the study established that the University of Nairobi was not using human resource information system to facilitate the designing of employee reward systems. This study recommends that the University of Nairobi as well as other public universities should adopt information systems in the designing of employee reward system. The


We assessed the capability of AVIRIS and MODIS to estimate canopy water content. Hyperspectral water retrievals with AVIRIS data, EWT, were compared to in situ leaf water content and LAI measurements at a semi-arid site in southeastern Arizona. Retrievals of EWT showed good correlation with field canopy water content measurements. Statistical analysis also suggested that EWT was significant among seven different vegetation communities. Four MODIS indexes derived from band ratios using the reflectance product and were compared to retrievals of EWT with AVIRIS at both the semi-arid site and a temperate conifer forest. Good statistical agreements were found between AVIRIS EWT and all four MODIS indexes at the semi-arid site in savanna shrub communities. Slightly poorer correlations were found at the forest site where water indexes had better correlation to AVIRIS EWT than vegetation indexes. Temporal patterns of the four indexes in all semi-arid vegetation communities except creosote bush and agriculture show distinct seasonal variation and responded to precipitation at the savanna site. Three years of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) data from eddy covariance measurements at the forest site were compared to the time series of MODIS indexes. MODIS water indexes showed similar seasonal patterns to NEE that were strongest during the period of net carbon sequestration. In contrast, the time series of MODIS vegetation indexes did not yield a good relationship to NEE.


Emoticons are frequently used in online communication. This study, which focuses on front-facing emoticons (Japanese style), proposes an easy method for estimating the sentiment polarity (positive, negative, or neutral) of emoticons by polarity scoring of characters that correspond with features of the emoticon (cheeks, eyes, or mouth). The polarity score is calculated based on the appearance probability of emoticon characters.


This paper examines the design space for copying garbage collectors (GCs) in which "large objects" are managed in a separate, non-copy-collected space. We focus on two main issues:1. how to set the policy for classifying objects as "large"2. how to manage the large object spaceWe explore these issues experimentally using the Oscar GC testbed. In particular, we vary the threshold size of large objects and also whether the objects may contain pointers. Furthermore, we compare the performance of treadmill collection to that of mark-and-sweep collection for managing the large object space.We find that for some heaps there is a minimum cutoff size below which adding objects to the large object space does not result in a performance improvement, while for others no such cutoff exists. In general, including pointer-containing objects in the large object space seems beneficial. Finally, the exact method used to collect the large object space does not significantly influence overall performance.


A novel and direct approach for the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-sibutramine via chiral amine 5 using N-tosyl-1,2,3-oxathiazolidine-2-oxide (13) as a recyclable chiral auxiliary is described. Chiral sulfinate imine 16e was obtained by treatment of 13e with the imine intermediate formed from the reaction of a nitrile 1 and iBuMgCl that, upon reduction, provides an optically active amine 5 with high enantiopurity.


Most linguistic trends accept the fact that meaning is one of the components of language that is most prone to change; it is possible to divide words in minimal units called morphemes; which; as all the other units of language that carry meaning; may broaden meaning through usage. Thus; this research is centered on the analysis of the Spanish morpheme -itis ; which generally adds to the root of the word the meaning 'inflammation of'. However; we have found examples of usage; such as ambicionitis or caviaritis ; which are impossible to be glossed as 'inflammation of ambition' or 'inflammation of caviar'. This research reveals that there are at least two innovative meanings associated to this suffix; and it analyses the phenomenons of language use involved in its polysemy: metaphor and metonymy.


In this case report a 38-year-old woman who presented with swelling and pain on her right ankle for two years is presented. Physical and radiological examinations revealed a soft, lobulated and fixed mass in the ankle. During surgical resection shiny, whitish bodies were removed from the tendon sheath of tibialis anterior and synovectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was rice body formation and syovitis. There was no recurrence at the 5th year follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging was effective in the diagnosis of this rare case of extra articular rice body formation presenting with tenosynovitis and full recovery was achieved with surgical treatment.


Procedure electrokinetic decontamination of a porous solid medium, comprising: a) removing a contaminant species present in the solid medium in an electrolyte in the form of an essentially inorganic gel presentacon, being made this extraction through the application deuna electric current between two electrodes disposed on the surface and / or inside the solid medium, estandoasegurado contact at least one of these electrodes with said solid medium by a layer of said gel, b) drying the gel containing species contaminants extracted thereby to obtain dry unresiduo that fracture, and c) removing the dry residue obtained from said solid medium thereby.


We consider finite hypergraphs with hyperedges defined as sets of vertices of unbounded cardinality. Each such hypergraph has a unique modular decomposition, which is a tree, the nodes of which correspond to certain subhypergraphs (induced by certain sets of vertices called strong modules) of the considered hypergraph. One can define this decomposition by monadic second-order (MS) logical formulas. Such a hypergraph is convex if the vertices are linearly ordered in such a way that the hyperedges form intervals. Our main result says that the unique linear order witnessing the convexity of a prime hypergraph (i.e., of one, the modular decomposition of which is trivial) can be defined in MS logic. As a consequence, we obtain that if a set of bipartite graphs that correspond (in the usual way) to convex hypergraphs has a decidable monadic second-order theory (which means that one can decide whether a given MS formula is satisfied in some graph of the set) then it has bounded clique-width. This yields a new case of validity of a conjecture which is still open.


Abstract : These briefing charts discuss the F-22 aircraft and its relation to global security, national security, sustainability, environmental health, community and missions as well as reducing the community footprint.


We study the optical properties of metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grown (Ga,In)As-GaAs single quantum wells as a function of the growth parameters. Our objective is to study the properties of the type II light-hole excitons with light-hole wave function delocalized in the thick GaAs layers and electrons confined in the ternary alloy. However, marked structures (like for type I excitons) are observed in the reflectivity spectra. This we interpret in the context of a novel approach of the exciton problem via a self-consistent calculation of the electron-hole interaction.


This case of duodenocolic fistula is reported because of several unusual features: 1. The condition is apparently very rare, as I was unable to find any reports of a fistula between the duodenum and the colon which was not secondary to a malignant growth. 2. Traction from the fistulous tract had resulted in incompetence of the sphincter of Oddi, so that the contents of the duodenum were allowed to pass into the bile passages. This fact accounted for the unusual roentgen observations following the oral administration of barium, in which the ramifications of the hepatic tree were revealed, filled with the barium. 3. Finally, the fact that the liver had suffered no apparent damage in spite of the fact that it had been subjected to regurgitation of the contents of both the duodenum and the colon over a long period of time is rather remarkable. The patient was a married


Miscanthus is a perennial, rhizomatous, highly productive C4-grass originating from Eastern Asia. Miscanthus represents a plant species convenient for intensive cultivation, the biomass of which should enable in the near future a substantial replacement of the existing energy sources by new, renewable sources, in order to minimize CO2 emission. Myscanthus belongs to so-called "bioenergetic crops", which are specifically cultivated to be harvested and combusted in boilers, as an alternative to the existing energy sources. It is planted in spring, let to grow in the summer, and harvested in winter (between January and March). Once established, Miscanthus plantation persists 15 to 20 years. By adequate application of agricultural machines high biomass yields (15-25 t/ha per year) may be achieved. The paper presents certain specificities of Miscanthus cultivation in comparison with other crops with the aim of introducing this promising plant species into agricultural production in Serbia.


In the article's analyzes people from generation Z, gives a detailed description of their life attitudes. Also examines the example of gamification in business and the possibility of use it for educating generation Z.necessary competences of experts in the field of pricing.


Myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized by anemia, thrombocytopenia and marrow fibrosis. Malignant rather than normal hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) preferentially proliferate. A form of MF can also occur in patients with a prior history of PV or ET which is referred to as PV or ET related MF (PV-MF and ET-MF). In MF, excessive proliferation of marrow stromal cells occurs in response to cytokines elaborated by the malignant clone. Previously, we found that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) levels were elevated in patient plasmas with MPN, and a greatest degree of elevation was observed in the PMF plasma and PMF conditioned medium. We also found that LCN2 increased PMF HPC proliferation and increased numbers of JAK2V617F homozygous HPCs, but depressed normal BM HPC (Lu. et al, 2013 ASH meeting). In this study, a series of experiments were performed to further explore the effects of LCN2 on MF pathogenesis. ELISA data showed that plasma LCN2 levels not only were higher in all MF patients, plasma LCN2 levels in PV-MF as well as ET- MF were significantly greater than that in PV or ET plasma (p=0.0002 and p=0.0175, respectively). Importantly, in MPN patients, a non-parametric spearman correlation coefficient analysis suggested an inverse relationship between the patients' hemoglobin levels and LCN2 levels (coefficient=-0.35, p + cells but not PMF CD34 + cells (p + /annexin V + cell population in a dose dependent fashion. These apoptotic effects were blocked by addition of N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. By contrast, LCN2 did not increase the degree of apoptosis of PMF CD34 + cells when added at similar doses. These data indicate that LCN2 selectively promotes the survival of PMF CD34 + cells but leads to the apoptosis of normal BM CD34 + cells by increasing ROS. With 6 different individual BM samples, we demonstrated that PMF MNC cells that produce high levels of LCN2 as well as a recombinant form of LCN2 strongly promoted BM marrow adherent cells (MAC) proliferation. Similarly, LCN2 added to semisolid cultures of normal marrow cells resulted in the appearance of increased numbers of fibroblast-like cells. In addition, the ability of LCN2 to promote MAC proliferation was blocked by addition of NAC. These results suggest that LCN2 related generation of ROS induces MAC proliferation. The MAC in both control and LCN2 containing conditions expressed vimentin, Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and α-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), while in LCN2 cultures expressed higher levels of CD105 (Endoglin) and CD106 (VCAM-1). These MAC therefore expressed features characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The MAC under control conditions expressed CD90 + on their cell surface, while incubation with LCN2 resulted in diminished cell surface CD90 expression, and its localization to the nucleus. We propose that LCN2 acts in an autocrine fashion to promote malignant PMF hematopoiesis as documented by its ability to preferentially favor the appearance of JAK2V617F homozygous hematopoietic colonies in vitro, but also acts in a paracrine fashion to suppress the proliferation of normal HPC and to affect the marrow microenvironment by promoting stromal cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that LCN2 affects these numerous biological effects by promoting the generation of ROS. We also propose that therapeutic strategies that can impair the actions of LCN2 or inactivate ROS are likely to be beneficial to MPN patients since they improve disease related cytopenias as well as impede the development of progressive marrow fibrosis. Such agents affecting this alternative therapeutic target might potentially be used alone or in combination with other presently available therapeutic modalities. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This article discusses basic concepts and sections of the modern steganography, model of steganographic system and also the main directions of application of a computer and digital steganography. For reliability augmentation the modified option of a method of the least significant bits (LSB) with two graphic files is offered.


Optical properties of a straight 50-row-long photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) are reported. This waveguide is obtained by removing one row of air holes in a triangular lattice two-dimensional photonic crystal etched on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. Transmission measurements are performed on a wide wavelength range (1.15–1.75 μm) with an external white light source. It is found that the experimental data are in very good agreement with both the theoretical transmission calculated by a two-dimensional finite difference time domain method and the theoretical photonic band structure. We show a coupling factor higher than 60% between a monomode ridge waveguide and the PCW.


Passenger electric vehicles (EVs) have seen considerable interest and growth recently, but fleet vehicles, including medium- and heavy- duty vehicles (MHDVs), are also poised to become more prevalent in the near future. These vehicles will have larger requirements from the electric grid to charge and, as electric MHDVs scale, there could be impacts on the electric distribution and transmission networks if needs are not anticipated. Utilities should begin developing long-term forecasts of EV load growth and holistic solutions that can meet rapid electrification needs at least cost.


Do the electoral incentives of political leaders influence who is compelled to serve in the military? We argue that conscription policy is designed by political actors who care about winning elections. In wartime, politicians face the twin threats of military and electoral defeat. Therefore, they will shield swing communities, who hold considerable sway over the outcome of elections, from some costs of military service. We leverage a novel database of 9.2 million U.S. service-members during World War II. We find that counties that narrowly voted for President Roosevelt and Democratic members of Congress had substantially fewer conscripts in the Army during 1942, 1943, and 1945. Substantively, 139,000 fewer soldiers—six times the number of soldiers who landed at Normandy—were enlisted from swing counties than expected. Our findings imply that democratic leaders do not want to lose re-election during wartime, and in doing so sacrifice democratic norms of fairness.


Skatole( 3- methylindole),is a volatile aromatic compound associated with malodour,which is produced by the L- tryptophan from the gut in animals under the action of many types of microorganisms. It can cause boar taint in pork from entire male pigs,and decrease the feed conversion efficiency in animals,and affect animal health. It has harmful effects to the modern livestock and poultry breeding industry and the atmosphere environment. This paper reviews the biosynthesis and metabolic pathways of skatole,and the effect of oligosaccharides on the skatole levels in the body of animals,especially summarizes the latest research progress on the possible mechanisms for oligosaccharides to regulate and control the generation and deposit of skatole in livestock.


In this paper, a method of obtaining four elastic constants of orthotropic composites by single tensile test is proposed. The principle of this method is to obtain the full field strain on the surface of the specimen through the tensile test of the specimen with a specific geometry, and to invert the measured in-plane strain field into the virtual fields method (VFM) to obtain the elastic constants. Based on the deformation field data generated by finite element numerical simulation, the effects of design parameters such as effective length, notch position, notch size and fillet radius on the identification results of elastic parameters of V-notch tensile specimen are studied. The results show that the inversion results of symmetrical V-notch specimen with 50 mm length, 12 mm notch size and 3.1 mm fillet radius are the best, and the sum of absolute relative errors of four elastic constants is less than 3%, which verifies the feasibility of the method.


Since the advent of gene cloning technology, suggestions have been made of specific alterations that could be engineered into the genomes of cattle, sheep or goats to alter their milk composition. These alterations could affect milk protein characteristics or quantity in ways which might be of benefit to milk processing and dairy product manufacturing industries. Other changes could improve the suitability of bovine milk for human consumption. In addition, animals could be engineered to synthesize valuable foreign proteins, such as pharmaceuticals, to be secreted in milk. In this paper, we evaluate these suggestions critically, taking into account current understanding of milk composition and processing, as well as recent information concerning the structure and regulation of genes coding for proteins involved in determining milk content. All these suggested alterations depend on successful production of transgenic animals capable of efficiently expressing introduced genes. The view is examined that some ...


In 1999, Plaxton, Rajaraman and Richa presented an algorithm for accessing shared objects within a network. The algorithm is able to answer requests with nearby copies under provable time bounds. Plaxton and Li later on came up with a simplified version of the purposed algorithm preserving the same time properties. Their solution is discussed and compared to peer-to-peer networks like the simple distributed hash protocol Chord and the locality-aware Pastry. It can be concluded, that SPRR is positioned between those two approaches. The fault free and uniform network metric case provides simple routing algorithms like Chord without taking locality into account. When adding fault tolerance and name replication, the algorithm needs to make extra effort to hold the expected time-bound properties.


What ever happened to the condom? Once a symbol of the sexual revolution, pleasure, and queer liberation, the humble sheath was rapidly joined by the Pill, PrEP medication, and the IUD in the late ...


Media Freedom: The Contradictions of Communications in the Age of Modernity, by Richard Barbrook, London: Pluto Press, 1995, 232 pages, £40 cloth, £13 pb.


PurposeFamily business brand communication depends on the effect of the family on stakeholders' perception, and the family influences stakeholders differently, raising the question of whether family business branding varies across stakeholders. Drawing on social identity theory, this research classifies a family firm's stakeholders into family (in-group) and non-family (out-group) stakeholders and explores the communication of family business brands to these two groups of stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachData for this research were gathered from a questionnaire survey of 327 Chinese family firms.FindingsThe results show that family business brand communication differs between family and non-family stakeholders. Additionally, family harmony has a positive relationship with family business branding to family stakeholders and an inverse U-shaped relationship with family business branding to non-family stakeholders.Originality/valueThis research is the first to demonstrate that family business brand communication varies across stakeholders and that the effect of family characteristics (family harmony in this research) on family business branding differs between stakeholders. In addition, it expands the scope of the out-group in family firms to embrace all non-family stakeholders and suggests an intergroup opposition between family and non-family stakeholders, which is important for advancing family firm theory.


In view of the low exploration characteristics of Huhehu depression in Hailar Basin,using the well and seismic data inversion and interpretation,the spatial distribution of coal、coal seam thickness and the geological reserves of coal in Huhehu Depression are evaluated and predicted.Combined with parameters of gas content,the amount of coalbed gas resource of Huhehu Depression is about 7.43×1011m3.It is about 68.83% in the total coalbed gas resources in Hailar Basin.The depth of the Daer section is moderate and the forecasted resources is larger.So it is advantageous section for exploratory development of coalbed gas.The depth of Naner section is mostly about 2000m,but its resources quantity is the most.Thereby it deserve research effort.


Composition for use in preventing mastitis in cows by forming a physical barrier in the teat channel cow during the dry period the cow and simultaneously prevent the defect of black spots on dairy products made with milk cow, comprising: at least 30% by weight of a non-toxic compound, bismuth-free, selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate or combinations thereof, dispersed in a gel base.


Under the pressure of energy and environmental protection, we will promote the technological progress and demonstration of electric vehicles, and the construction of charging facilities will continue. Charging facilities planning and orderly charging, as two major research directions of electric vehicle infrastructure, are of great significance for the future development of electric vehicles. The optimal charging of electric vehicles can effectively improve the safe and economic operation ability of distribution network, which is of great significance to its safe operation. Therefore, this paper proposes the outsourcing test experiment and processing of urban electric vehicle public charging network based on 5G and big data. In this paper, through the analysis of the development status of urban electric vehicles, this paper proposes to optimize the charging mode of electric vehicles by combining the charging network forward and backward algorithm. In the outsourcing test experiment, the electrical safety test shows that when the current reaches 1.1-37.1kw: 5000A, when the power factor is 0.8 ∼ 0.9, when the short-circuit current impact is tolerated, the connection device will not affect the breaking operation by contact fusion welding, and the insulation protection will not be invalid. Through investigation and analysis, the satisfaction degree of electric vehicle optimization algorithm is increasing year by year. Through the analysis of the test results, the research in this paper has achieved ideal results and made a contribution to the research of urban electric vehicle public charging network.


This paper describes our experience in developing techniques for repairing date affected programs using standard compiler technology. Starting with date‐ness information of certain variables based on their declarations, we propagate this information through all possible control paths, using date inference rules to traverse across individual statements. Our approach is fine grained enough to infer the date‐ness of each occurrence of a variable. After detecting date‐ness of variables, we renovate programs by applying a transformation using base year strategy. These techniques have been implemented as a tool set for renovating date affected COBOL programs. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Chesterman puts "Representation" on the first place of his five ethical models.In translation,especially in literary translation,the translator should value the intention of the author so as not to wrong him/her;should be loyal to the intention of the original so as not to deceive the readers.The analysis of the translated version of Lin Yutang′s Moment in Peking expounds that the translator and the publishing house should work together to shoulder the ethical responsibility,and promote the sound development of literary translation.


An American Chemical Society symposium aimed at engendering broad, open discussion of scientific fraud and misconduct was partially thwarted in its purpose when a key speaker was prevented by his employer from presenting his paper. The symposium, cosponsored by the divisions of Professional Relations and Chemistry & the Law, was on whistleblowers. The speaker who was not present was Walter W. Stewart, a persistent investigator of scientific misconduct who currently works at the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDKD). Stewart's stillborn paper was entitled "The Baltimore Fiasco: A Case Study in Fraud." The symposium, cosponsored by the divisions of Professional Relations and Chemistry & the Law, was on whistleblowers. The speaker who was not present was Walter W. Stewart, a persistent investigator of scientific misconduct who currently works at the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDKD). Stewart's stillborn paper was entitled "The Baltimore Fiasco...


Impregnation of calcium hydroxyapatite by a solution of Co(II) nitrate followed by calcination at 823 K gives rise to various species, depending on the cobalt content. At low cobalt content (0.2 wt%), the cobalt species are isolated six-coordinated Co2+ ions. For Co content ≥0.4 wt%, the presence of tetrahedral Co2+ and octahedral Co3+ species is attested by UV–visible–NIR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements and XPS data. Magnetic data at low temperature suggest the formation of clustered CoxOy entities. For Co content ≥1.7 wt%, Co3O4 nanocrystals are generated, as evidenced by XRD and magnetic measurements.In the presence of oxygen, the butan-2-ol conversion produces only butan-2-one. The most active catalysts are the cobalt poorest samples which contain only isolated Co2+ ions. Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane gives a similar trend. Upon increasing the cobalt loading above 0.9 wt%, the specific dehydrogenation activity of Co2+ ions decreases because the nature of the sites changes and the basic properties are lowered. Relationships between the nature of the sites and the catalytic performances are proposed.


This paper studies the characteristic of proportional band (PB) by measurement and control of a water level in a vessel While the derivative D and integrate I controller remain constant respcctively. The ranges of the PB are from 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. For D controller the values is 0 and I controller is 200. The experiment was carried out on the SOLTEQ LNel Control Trainer (Model: SE103). It is constructed on an epoxy coated steel f r m e with lockable castor wheels. The operation of the model was done in Direct Digital control (DDC) where all the measurements of flow and level are coming in directly to the computer and any output to control valve or pumps are also go directly from computer to the final control elements. Any changes of PB values made in control loop displays will be remained active until the next control loop display is shown on the screen.Thhe disturbance to the proccss in the form of set point change from 50% to 75% and load change for 30 sczonds. Thc re~ulf shorn that the proportional band (PB) inversely proportional with the settling whex as the d u e s of PB decreases the setding time getting longer. Overall the PB indicates the stability of th? piocc~s before and after the dirtwbance was inaoduce to thc pmcesr.


Expert Systems are found to be very promising as an important advisory tool. They can be useful in different situations where human expert is not available and decision should be undertaken quickly. Expert systems can also be useful in medicine to help doctors or even non-trained personnel (when the doctor is not available). These systems are important in clinical practice and could help in rapid finding of etiology and treatment. To fulfill such requirement in this contribution, we discuss an implementation of expert system, which is written in Prolog language. Since this language has its syntactical limitations, we have developed a general architecture of a shell type, to overcome these difficulties. Next, we have demonstrated its practical utility, by applying the knowledge taken from medical practice.


Agromyzidae of Sri Lanka were studied using locally collected specimens and the material available in the insect collection of the Lund University, Sweden. Prior to this study, 34 agromyzid species had been recorded from Sri Lanka. During the present study, four additional hitherto unrecorded species Melanagromyza rotata Spencer, Ophiomyia cornuta De Meijere, Ophiomyia centrosematis De Meijere and Cromatomyia syngenesiae Hardy, were documented. Lasia spinosa and Scaevola taccada were recorded as host plants of Tropicomyia polyphaga and Ophiomyia cornuta respectively, for the first time. Diagnoses for all 38 species of agromyzids recorded from Sri Lanka are given.


The main objective was to evaluate the efficiencies of different separation techniques, such as gravity separation, magnetic separation, and aerial separation. Zinc and cadmium removal efficiencies by gravity separation and magnetic separation were 28.3~29.3% and 19.1%, respectively, and were higher than the efficiency obtained by aerial separation. Results showed that the combination of gravity separation and magnetic separation in series which was to maximize the removal efficiencies gave removal efficiency of 21.5~38.7% for zinc and 22.1~23.4% for cadmium. The mass of soil meeting the regulation standards for zinc and cadmium after retrieval from the combined separation process accounted for approximately 80% of the treated soil that would be reusable without the pre-treatment procedure as the neutralization process using in the soil washing method. Physical separation techniques utilizing heavy metal properties are the alternative method to remediate heavy-metal contaminated soils in environmental and economic aspects.


italianoTre temi. - Il populismo e un'ideologia? - Una cultura civica in trasformazione e l'uso strategico di una retorica populista. - Il cambiamento politico e sociale e la retorica populista. - Per riassumere. EnglishThis paper deals with three issues on may find in the populism literature. First is the question on what is populism. Populisms is famously a hard to define concept. Too many connotations, too few denotations. This paper says populism is what studies on populism observe. So far, most of them observe what populist leaders say. Many of them look at leaders of populist radicai right. Just a few look at mass level populist attitudes. On this ground, I argue that better is to talk of populism as a rhetoric. The content of this rhetoric is more about the democratic process-making than about the policy making. Following Rovira Kaltwasser, I argue that a populist rhetoric deals with the Dahl's shadow assumptions of a democratic theory. The second and the third issue is about what are the contexts that make fruitful a populist rhetoric by party leaders. I argue that a populist rhetoric resonates positively with the change of civic culture from allegiant to assertive and critical. To be sure an assertive civic culture is a democratic culture. Yet criticai and assertive attitudes towards electoral representation may also be a venue for a populist rhetoric too. The way many Europeans think currently of their national identity make them a sympathetic audience of a populist rhetoric. Thirdly, the politicai and social change that made the politicai space bidimensional and the blurring of distinctiveness between the mainstream parties plus the Crisis has created a favourable environment for radical populist parties, most of them on the right side and a few of them on the left. It has been also a venue for the populist rhetoric. The evidence that this translates into a mass populist attitudes is stili too little to nail the argument that populism is something more than a rhetoric.


This is the second part of a work that examines the Idealtypen in the methodological studies of Gerardus van der Leeuw, a dutch phenomenologist of religion. After we emphasized its practical and prescriptive function. we more Specificaiiy broach its function in the vertical way, that is the place in which the process of understanding (Verstehen) becomes comprehensibility, in which a religious a priori is evident. Such a priori represents a sort of phenomenal 'furtherity' (the Revelation), that is religious because it's transcendental, then can be assimilated to the 'meta-existential' of hermeneutical philosophies. So, Idealtypus is the intermediary between the transcendental (religious) dimension ofthe vertical way- reconstituted through the horizontal way of the phenomenological approach - and the caos of reality, although it nevergains a metaphisical substance, but only a normative consistency.


Objective: To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of thymidine phosphorylase(TP) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods: Forty seven lesions of HCC proved pathologically were included in the study.The clinicopathological features were studied,including the size of HCC lesions,capsule patterns,intrahepatic daughter foci,tumor-emboli in portal veins,lymphaden metastasis and intratumoral necrosis.The expression of TP and CD34 was detected by immunohistochemical SP method,and microvessel density(MVD) was counted with Weidner's method.The expression of TP was compared with the indexes mentioned above.Results: TP was significantly correlated with MVD.There was significantly higher expression of TP in the high potential invasion and metastasis group(intrahepatic daughter foci,tumor-emboli in portal veins,lymphaden metastasis),incomplete pseudocapsula or without pseudocapsula group and intratumoral necrosis group,than that in the low potential invasion and metastasis group,complete pseudocapsula group and non-intratumoral necrosis group(P0.05).Conclusion: This research confirms that TP plays an important role in angiogenesis of HCC,and correlates with invasion and metastasis of HCC significantly.


Objective To obtain and develop an HPLC method for the determination of the content of adenosine in the bulbule,stem,leaf,flower of Boussingaultia gracilis Miers var.pseudobaselloides Bailey.Methods Adenosine was isolated by silica gel column chromatography and identified by spectral data.A Kromasil C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with a solvent system consisting of methanol-water(V∶V=10∶90)was used,the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1,and the detecting wavelength was set at 254 nm,the column temperature was 30 ℃.Results Good linear correlation was obtained in the range of 1.86-18.6 mg·L-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.999 2(n=6).The average recovery of calycosin was 98.0% with RSD of 1.3%(n=9).Conclusions The method is sensitive,accurate,rapid,and it is suitable for the quality control of Boussingaultia gracilis Miers var.pseudobaselloides Bailey.


The work analyzes the contradictions in FERRAJOLI's normative proposal for a guaranteeing democracy, which could be synthesized in an attempt to make an ideally liberal society compatible with a vision of public order which could be defined as republican solidarity.


Background: Regular practice of heartfulness meditation causes a balanced mental state and releases stress. Due to this action, meditation can improve the cognitive functions of individuals.

Aims and Objectives: The study determines the effectiveness of 12 weeks of practice of heartfulness meditation on depression, anxiety, stress, and cognitive functions in Type 2 diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 40 patients with Type 2 diabetes including both males and females and age groups from 30 to 60 years. After recruiting, the participants were randomly divided into two groups with 20 participants in each group. All the participants of Group 1 were given training about practicing heartfulness meditation for initial 3 days. From then, they started practicing meditation under the supervision of experts from 6:30 to 7:30 am in the morning. Outcome measures were recorded by standard tools.

Results: Significant decrease was observed in the depression, anxiety, and stress scores and significant improvement in spatial and verbal memory was observed.

Conclusion: Heartfulness meditation practice has a positive impact on the management of psychological disorders and improving cognitive functions. There is a need for a detailed study.


Energy conservation in passenger transportation is discussed. Approaches to decreases in vehicle mileage are considered in the use of car pools, van pools, and urban mass transit. Approaches to increased efficiency are considered in vehicle design, vehicle purchase information, vehicle operation, and vehicle maintenance. It is noted that increasing the efficiency of new vehicles is an important aspect of saving fuel and it must be combined with programs which are aimed at insuring that the more efficiently designed vehicles deliver that higher MPG in service throughout their life. When these programs are combined with efforts to increase the occupancy rate of existing vehicles and decrease VMT, something approaching a total program for fuel conservation in the private passenger transportation sector is achieved. This clearly calls for a coordinated effort by industry, government and the public to consider and improve the efficiency of all aspects of the vehicle-fuel-operator system. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act has made important steps towards this goal. (JRD)


Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common, life-threatening medical condition. Non-variceal causes account for more than 90% of bleeding episodes. Peptic ulcer disease is the most frequent cause of non-variceal UGIB. Patients present with hematemesis and/or melena but hematochezia might be present in patients with severe bleeding. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, mortality remains high in the elderly and patients with comorbidities. Endoscopy is the primary procedure that should be performed to identify the etiology of UGIB and for treatment purposes following adequate resuscitation of patients. Early endoscopy (within the first 24 hours) has considerably improved the clinical outcomes. A number of scoring systems are being used in patients with UGIB to identify the risk of complications, rebleeding risk, the need for interventional procedures and the risk of death. The most commonly used scoring tools are the Rockall score, Glasgow-Blatchford score and AIMS65 score. Primary treatment modalities include adequate resuscitation, intravenous fluid support, transfusion of red blood cell suspension, acid suppression therapy and administration of prokinetic agents. In general, angiography, computed tomography, technetium-99m-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy and capsule endoscopy may be used in patients whose bleeding cannot be detected endoscopically. Interventional radiological procedures should be initially performed for hemorrhages that cannot be stopped endoscopically and surgical options should be considered when interventional radiological procedures are out of reach or unsuccessful.