ABSTRACT The United States is entering a new period of human exploration of the inner Solar System, and robotic human helpers will be partners in that effort. In order to support integration of these new worker robots into existing and new human systems, a new design standard should be developed, to be called the Robot-Systems Integration Standard (RSIS). It will address the requirements for and constraints upon robotic collaborators with humans. These workers are subject to the same functional constraints as humans of work, reach, and visibility/situational awareness envelopes, and they will deal with the same maintenance and communication interfaces. Thus, the RSIS will be created by discipline experts with the same sort of perspective on these and other interface concerns as human engineers. I NTROD UCTlO N Is has been thirty-two years since humans last walked on another planetary surface or even left Low Earth Orbit. That last effort was intentionally short-duration; the Apollo mission goals did not include permanent human presence in space. In the intervening years, Europeans, Americans, and Russians have tested and demonstrated a technical capacity to perform short and long-term operations in space; the International Space Station represents a continuation of the Soviet intention to establish a permanent presence. At the same time, robotic exploration of the Solar System has continued to characterize the environments humans will eventually enter. For all


The nuclear fluid dynamical model with final thermal breakup is used to study the reactions {sup 20}Ne + {sup 238}U and {sup 40} Ar + {sup 40}Ca at E{sub LAB}=390 MeV/n. Calculated double differential cross sections d{sup 2}{sigma}/d{Omega}dE are in agreement with recent experimental data. It is shown that azimuthally dependent triple differential cross sections d{sup 3}{sigma}/dEd cos{theta}d{phi} yield considerably deeper insight into the collision process and allow for snapshots of the reactions. Strongly correlated jets of nuclear matter are predicted.


Nowadays large-scale distributed applications rely on replication in order to improve their services. Having data replicated in multiple datacenters increases availability, but it might lead to concurrent updates that violate data integrity. A possible approach to solve this issue is to use strong consistency in the application because this way there is a total order of operations in every replica. However, that would make the application abdicate of its availability. An alternative would be to use weak consistency to make the application more available, but that could break data integrity. To resolve this issue many of these applications use a combination of weak and strong consistency models, such that synchronization is only introduced in the execution of operations that can break data integrity. To build applications that use multiple consistency models, developers have the difficult task of finding the right balance between two conflicting goals: minimizing synchronization while preserving data integrity. To achieve this balance developers have to reason about the concurrent effects of each operation, which is a non-trivial task when it comes to large and complex applications. In this document we propose an approach consisting of a static analysis tool that helps developers find a balance between strong and weak consistency in applications that operate over weakly consistent databases. The verification process is based on a recently defined proof rule that was proven to be sound. The proposed tool uses Why3 as an intermediate framework that communicates with external provers, to analyse the correctness of the application specification. Our contributions also include a predicate transformer and a library of verified data types that can be used to resolve commutativity issues in applications. The predicate transformer can be used to lighten the specification effort.


In DS-CDMA different users are provided with different codes or signature sequences c/sub i/. The symbols d that have to be transmitted, are spread with these codes thus multiplying the used bandwidth. The resulting signal of all users is transmitted over the mobile channel. This kind of modulation is not considered. The received signal must be despread and equalised in order to detect the transmitted information. The investigated scenario is the uplink of a mobile network with different users transmitting their data over different channels. The article provides a method to detect coded and distorted data by first separating the users and then equalizing the separated signals in a succeeding step in order to reduce the complexity of the circuitry.


The growing applications of upconversion nanocrystals in bioimaging, therapeutics, and photonics have given rise to a demand of high quality nanocrystals with desirable luminescence intensity. Although the design of optimal nanocrystals such as core–shell nanostructures has improved the intensity, the internal links between dopant concentration balance, epitaxial growth protection, and shell thickness effect encounter a compromised situation that lacks of integrated consideration and comprehensive assessment. Here we propose an integrated strategy based on a core–shell design for the enhancement of upconversion luminescence intensity. Epitaxial protection can enable higher activator accommodation capacity in limited spatial scale, which leads to an Er3+ concentration threshold improvement in β-NaYF4 core–shell nanocrystals from 2 to 6 mol %. We further perform a comprehensive assessment of the nanocrystals with convincing performance improvement in ensemble spectroscopic intensity, upconversion quantum yi...


In comparing, synthesizing, and evaluating findings from research studies between 1980 and 1998, Norris and Ortega (2000) asserted that research questions have evolved from simple to more sophisticated ones. For example, research studies initially focused on the effectiveness of instruction in general, and later shifted to looking at which types of instruction, in particular, are more effective. Norris and Ortega also drew attention to the effectiveness of explicit versus implicit teaching as well as Focus on FormS versus Focus on Meaning versus Focus on Form. Furthermore, the authors examined the duration of instructional effects. Teachers and teachersin-training are likely to be drawn to two issues: the effectiveness of instruction and the flaws of experimental research studies that measure its effectiveness. The main idea that Norris and Ortega (2000) convey is that instruction assists language learning, a welcome assertion for both second language teachers and learners. Instruction is distinctively important in EFL settings where classroom instruction is the main source of input for learners, and is even more effective for L2 adult learners. The Norris and Ortega article provides encouraging evidence that L2 instruction is effective, be it explicit, implicit, or a combination of the two, and that instruction may produce lasting effects on learners. It would be worthwhile to investigate the mechanisms behind these durable effects. In light of the fact that there are many different approaches and methods in language teaching, no single method is suitable for all situations. The fact that some approaches work better than others in particular settings suggests the need for more empirical investigation in conjunction with an integration of existing pedagogical approaches. In their 2000 article, Norris and Ortega also brought to light serious flaws in many experimental research studies on the effectiveness of instruction. Many published studies have actually lacked adequate statistical data. Using the wrong type of measurement and providing unclear and incomplete statistical and/or experimental information decreases the reliability, validity, credibility, and value of the research. Clear and complete information is needed for future investigative replication. Through their analysis, Norris and Ortega (2000) link theory and practice, providing much-needed guidance for language researchers and language teachers.


R5^,rork is my work. I study work. I teach about work. I write about work how v y we do it, the ways we interact with one another when we do it, the changing relationship of people to work and of work to organizations. A recent book of mine is all about telework working at a distance from the office, using telecommunications technology for remote access to our work. Leisure is anathema to all that I do. If I only had some leisure time, I think, I could get some real writing/studying/thinking/(work) done. Am I guilty, I wonder, of some postmodern personal shortcoming? Some ethical breach that has narrowed my appreciation of life? According to A1 Gini,


This paper presents a new one-terminal numerical algorithm for fault location estimation and for faults recognition. The proposed algorithm are derived for the case of most frequent single-phase line to ground fault in the time domain. The arc voltage wave shape is modeled numerically on the basis of a great number of arc voltage records obtained by transient recorder. From the calculated arc voltage amplitude it can make a decision whether the fault is permanent of transient. In this paper the algorithm uses a very short data window and enables fast fault detection and classification for real-time transmission line protection. To test the validity of the proposed algorithm the Electro-Magnetic Transient Program(EMTP/ATP) is used.


Based on data collected for a PhD research project, Factors Affecting Reading for Pleasure Practices in Community Libraries (CLs) in Thailand, this paper presents one of the themes identified as key to the success of community library initiatives – the provision of an inclusive, safe atmosphere. The research applied a multiple case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, unobtrusive observations, and documentary analysis. The paper discusses the characteristics of CL spaces that are most appropriate for disadvantaged people in the Northeast (Isan), the most deprived area of Thailand. The study showed that CLs provide books access for rural people which greatly encourage literacy development, and community bonding. The evidence suggests that due to discomfort caused by disparities in socio-economic status in Thai society, villagers prefer to use informal CLs rather than the official district public libraries. Analysis of the data showed that four factors contributed to the development of a low anxiety situation for users of CLs: 1) community participation and civic involvement; 2) learning atmosphere and location; 3) sharing reading; and 4) public libraries and the librarians. The research contributes to our knowledge and understanding of community-based reading promotion practices in Thailand and will assist library professionals seeking approaches to increase the reach of libraries in Thailand.


Our anterior study discussed the essential categories of social relations in Japanese society. Now, this paper intends to describe the relation between these categories and social role, according to Goffman's dramaturgical perspective.


Objective To evaluate the optimum time of postconditioning with electric vagal stimulation on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 290-320 g,were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n =20 each):sham operation group (S group); I/R group; electric vagal stimulation postconditioning at 15 min of ischemia,the onset of reperfusion,and 30 and 60 min of reperfusion groups (P1-4 groups).The myocardial I/R model was established by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by a 120 min of reperfusion.In P1-4 groups,the right vagus nerve was stimulated for 30 min with continuous electric rectangular pulses (2 ms,10 Hz,1-2 V) starting from 15 min of myocardial ischemia and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group I/R.During the I/R period,the heart rate (HR) and systolic pressure (SP) were recorded and the rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated.Venous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of serum concentrations of cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI),creatine kinase MB (CK-MB),tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1),intercellular adhension molecule 1 (ICAM-1),i nterleukin (IL)-1,IL-6 and IL-10 using ELISA.The animals were then sacrificed and myocardial infarct size was measured by Evans blue and TTC staining.The myocardial contents of TNF-α,HMGB1,ICAM-1,IL-1,IL-6 and IL-10 in ischemic regions were measured using ELISA.The development of ventricular arrhythmias at the initial 30 min of reperfusion was recorded.The severity of arrhythmias was quantified by a scoring system.Results Compared with S group,the myocardial infarct size and serum concentrations of cTnI and CK-MB in I/R and P1-4 groups,serum concentrations of TNF-α,HMGB-1,ICAM-1,IL-1 and IL-6 in I/R group,serum concentrations of HMGB-1,ICAM-1,IL-1 and IL-6 in P2-4 groups,and the serum concentration of IL-10 in P1 group were all significantly increased,the serum concentrations of TNF-α were significantly decreased in P1-4groups (P < 0.05),while no significant changes were found in serum concentrations of HMGB-1,ICAM-1,IL-1 and IL-6 in P1 group (P > 0.05).The myocardial infarct size was significantly smaller and serum concentrations of cTnI and CK-MB,both serum and myocardial levels of TNF-α,HMGB-1,ICAM-1,IL-1 and IL-6 in P1-4 groups,RPP,incidence and scores of ventricular arrhythmias in P1 group were all significantly lower than those in I/R group,while the myocardial content of IL-10 was significantly higher in P1 group than in I/R group (P < 0.05).As compared with P1 group,RPP,incidence and scores of ventricular arrhythmias,serum concentrations of HMGB-1 and ICAM-1,myocardial content of ICAM-1 in P2-4 groups,myocardial contents of TNF-α and IL-1 in P3 group,myocardial infarct size,serum concentrations of cTnI and CK-MB,serum and myocardial levels of TNF-α,HMGB-1,ICAM-1,IL-1 and IL-6 in P4 group were all significantly increased,while the myocardial content of IL-10 was decreased in P4 group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Postconditioning with electric vagal stimulation at 15 min of ischemia is optimal for reduction of myocardial I/R injury in rats.

Key words:
Vagus nerve;  Electric stimulation therapy;  Myocardial reperfusion injury


International trains must communicate faultlessly with the ground system of each country they pass through. The power cars cannot be fitted with six different radios and the days of changing locomotive and driver at every border are over. The Siemens International Train Radio (ITR) supplied for the Eurostars and Class 92 freight locomotives is a "Chameleon Radio" that changes to match the local ground system as the train crosses the border and presents all the standard displayed messages in the language selected by the driver-throughout the journey. Eventually this concept will include the future European digital standard based on 9OO MHz currently being studied by UIC, with all the individual national facility requirements. The Chameleon Radio will switch between current and new standards on national networks. Since no national system will switch over completely, replacing all its ground infrastructure at the same time, Chameleon Radio will allow old and new systems to coexist.


Welcome to the Book Reviews Column. We hope to bring you at least three reviews of books every month. Three of the books reviewed in this column are from the DIMACS series. There will be more reviews of such books in the future. These books offer snapshops of a subfields of theory. I personally urge you to urge your library to subscribe to these books. It is a great way to keep up with recent results in Theoretical Computer Science. Online problems are problems (like memory allocation) where the data is coming at you and you need to decide NOW what to do. The measure of how well you do is to compare it to how well you would do if you knew ahead of time what the data was going to be. This is a textbook/reference book on the topic.


Abstract Approximately 500,000 children were institutionalised in Australian orphanages and other forms of children's Homes over the course of the 20th century. However, growing up in care is not just a part of childhood; it can have ongoing impact across a person's life. Access to records can be a very important way in which people who grew up in institutional care construct the story of their lives, contributing to their self-identity, and also find out practical information, such as their exact date of birth and medical history. The present article takes as its starting point a recommendation of the third of the Australian Government reports concerned with the institutionalisation of Australian children—Forgotten Australians—and draws on interviews with former residents of children's Homes aged between 42 and 76 years to examine their access to records in Australia. We discuss a case study, the unique Heritage Information Service at MacKillop Family Services, which supports former residents to access their records, and consider the implications for good practice of agencies working in this area.


To distinguish between the effects of strain and magnetism on the superconductivity in $c$-axis La$_{2/3}$Ca$_{1/3}$MnO$_3$/YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ (LCMO/YBCO) heterostructures, we study perovskite/YBCO/perovskite thin films using either ferromagnetic LCMO or paramagnetic LaNiO$_3$ (LNO) as perovskite. For a lattice-symmetry matched comparison, we also use orthorhombic PrBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ (PBCO) in place of the pseudocubic perovskites. Unlike PBCO/YBCO/PBCO, both LCMO/YBCO/LCMO and LNO/YBCO/LNO trilayers show strong attenuation of the superconducting $T_c$ as YBCO layer thickness is reduced from 21.4 to 5.4 nm. Our results indicate that heteroepitaxial strain, rather than long-range proximity effect, is responsible for the long length scales of $T_c$ attenuation observed in $c$-axis LCMO/YBCO heterostructures.


The current study determined the effectiveness of value clarification and action learning teaching modes on school-age children's attitude to civic education concepts. It also determined the moderating effects of gender and academic ability on school-age children's attitude to civic education concepts. In a randomized pre-post-design, 29 school-age children were in learning ecology I (experimental group I), 24 were in learning ecology II (experimental group II), while 93 were in learning ecology III (the control group). There was a significant effect of treatment on school-age children's attitude to civic education concepts. Further research is proposed to study the sustainability of observed effects in mountain learning ecologies. Keywords: value clarification, action learning, instructional strategies, school children, attitude to civic education.


During the early twentieth century, Illinois State Normal University Professor June Rose Colby employed a number of discreet rhetorical strategies to counteract the moral panic over the feminization of education on her own university campus. In particular, this article analyzes how Colby used a women's literary society—the Sapphonian Society—to prepare her women students to confront the rhetoric of a perceived "woman peril in education" (Chadwick 109). Colby's "discreet rhetoric" suggests the continuing need for historical scholarship that may reveal the often tacit, yet wholly subversive, rhetorical strategies of "silent" academic feminists.


The cafeteria, not the classroom, may be the preferred atmosphere for negotiating and constructing notions of race, ethnicity, and gender. Based on ethnographic research at two mixed-income elementary schools in Los Angeles, Misako Nukaga (Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 37 [2008]) identified friendship networks based on the illicit exchange and distribution of lunch box valuables. These symbolic resources are categorized according to their origin of production, where "dry" foods represent the pervasive availability of commercially packaged goods and "wet" foods signify the unique flavors of home. The distribution path of these preferentially valued foods serves to mark ethnic and racial boundaries and control relationships between peers. Prized treats like M&Ms are the envy of many fourth-graders, and children with these sweets often become the targets of begging and coercing. Sharing of such sugary "dry" foods can expand a child's friendship network, permitting access to exclusive social circles regardless of gender or ethnic differences. In contrast, trading pieces of candy for favors such as saving a spot in line establishes power relations, particularly between boys and girls. Homemade "wet" foods like soup may be given as gifts to reinforce friendships but also often follow ethnic divisions, perhaps because of familiar consumption patterns. As foods pass through different channels, participation in these ritual exchanges demonstrates that children actively construct and negotiate their social worlds guided by rules that place differential value on lunch box commodities. —J. L. Munson


We study colorings of the hyperbolic plane, analogously to the Hadwiger-Nelson problem for the Euclidean plane. The idea is to color points using the minimum number of colors such that no two points at distance exactly $d$ are of the same color. The problem depends on $d$ and, following a strategy of Kloeckner, we show linear upper bounds on the necessary number of colors. In parallel, we study the same problem on $q$-regular trees and show analogous results. For both settings, we also consider a variant which consists in replacing $d$ with an interval of distances.


[Objective]By analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shandong province,2008-2011,to understand the law of HFRS epidemic in Shandong province at this stage,so as to develop strategies for the prevention and treatment.[Methods]Excel and Epidata 8 were used to analyze the HFRS incidence and time of death,case changes in the composition and the impact on the epidemic in Shandong province,2008-2011.IFA were used to detect HV antigen in Muose lungs[Results]Since 2008,HFRS entered its fifth cycle in Shandong province,the eastward tendency of epidemic was further clarified,the distribution of cases showed both the characteristics of dispersed and relatively concentrated,the incidence was mainly in the hilly areas in Southeastern Shandong and some areas of the Jiaolai plains,and declined in Northwestern Shandong Plains and the hilly areas in Central Southern Shandong;the incidence of HFRS was mainly among farmers in Shandong province,2008-2011,accounting for 83.20%,thef male to female ratio was 2.79∶1;most in the 25-65 age group.Hantavirus(HV) indoor and outdoor hosts were mainly Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus,in spring and autumn,the HV antigen positive rate was 2.06% and 1.89% respectively in spring and autumn.[Conclusion]Countermeasures should be continued such as rodent control,immunization and health education,HFRS control should be focused on key areas.


Twenty grams per chest of sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) provided in sawdust-packed grapes Botrytis decay control equal to that from 500 ppm of dibromotetrachloroethane (DBTCE) in the sawdust after 1-2 months storage at 0°C. At 20 grams, NaHSO 3 caused considerable bleaching of the fruit. The fungicidal effectiveness of NaHSO 3 was inversely related to the initial moisture content of the sawdust, whereas that of DBTCE was unaffected. Intervals of a week between mixing the fungicides with sawdust and application of the mixtures to the fruit made no significant difference in effectiveness. Pads impregnated with 2.5 grams of DBTCE gave effective decay control in grapes packed in 28-pound non-sawdust containers, irrespective of location in the pack, openness of the pack, or type of container. Control was particularly effective, in polyethylene lined lugs and the fresh appearance of the berries and stems was especially marked. Impregnated tissue wraps were less effective than pads after 83 days storage. DBTCE, even at 2,000 ppm in sawdust or 10 grams per 28-pound container, caused no detectable injury, odor, or flavor in the fruit.


A teacher I know commented recently that what held her to the profession, after thirty-five years, was that there was still so much to be learned. A young student reacted in amazement. She supposed it could all be learned in two or three years. It may be possible to learn in two or three years the kind of practice which then leads to another twenty or forty years of learning. Whether many of our colleges get many of their students on to that fascinating track, or whether the schools are geared to a thoughtful support of such endless learning by their teachers, is another matter. To understand the dimensions of the teaching art, complex and inexhaustible though it be, is an equally endless commitment and one which needs constant renewal. In this essay I shall try to uncover part of the topic, a part which has fascinated me and one which needs much further investigation. What we mostly know already comes from two sources, one rather diffuse and one rather focused. The diffuse source is our common sense, where all knowledge begins. By this I do not mean what at any given moment we happen to believe. Honorifically understood, common sense is what we can be led to see and acknowledge when our thoughtful attention is directed to it; knowledge is already there, implicitly, and only needs elucidation and coherent form. It is the kind of knowledge which Plato illustrated in the story of the slave-boy, who, it turned out, knew a lot of geometry though he had never studied the subject and didn't know what he knew. Needless to add, the philosophers are the traditional custodians of this art of teasing out and codifying the things we already somehow know. Though, I hasten to add, they often go off on other tacks, and surely they have no exclusive rights in this domain. The more focused source is what teachers have learned when they have had


This research paper addresses the modelling of a new 3-D chaotic jerk system with a stable equilibrium. Such chaotic systems are known to exhibit hidden attractors. After the modelling of the new jerk system, a detailed bifurcation analysis has been performed for the new chaotic jerk system with a stable equilibrium. It is shown that the new jerk system has multistability with coexisting attractors. Next, we apply backstepping control for the synchronization design of a pair of new jerk systems with a stable equilibrium taken as the master-slave chaotic systems. Lyapunov stability theory is used to establish the synchronization results for the new jerk system with a stable equilibrium. Finally, we show that the FPGA design of the new jerk system with a stable equilibrium can be implemented using the FPGA Zybo Z7-20 development board. The design of the new jerk system consists of multipliers, adders and subtractors. It is observed that the experimental attractors are in good agreement with simulation results.


The papers presented in this book deal with the most recent developments in digital typography and raster imaging, including curve-fitting, shape manipulation, character design and representation and page-description languages.


When we heard the sound of waves, we can feel stable and comfortable. I'm going to analysis the cause of comfortableness. The period is about three seconds when we breathed in relaxed state. The frequencies which in waves sound and meditation or heavy sleep are alike. Furthermore we can see that frequency is distributed in all over band width like white noise. In this paper, we confirm the fact that waves sound give comfortableness to us with Frequency Following Response.


In his work on Waring's problem for cubes and biquadrates,Brudern has established the following: Almost all natural numbers can be expressed as the sum of three cubes and a biquadrate of natural numbers. This is comparable with Davenport's result that almost all natural numbers are the sum of four cubes of natural numbers. We observe that one can apply Vaughan's p-adic iterative technique to problem of


The US nurse who cared for patients with Ebola virus disease in west Africa and is now being held in quarantine in her home in Maine said on 29 October that she would challenge her detention in court.

The nurse, Kaci Hickox, was held in an isolation tent for three days outside a New Jersey hospital over the weekend after she returned from Sierra Leone. The 33 year old nurse was found to have a temperature of 101°F by a non-contact thermometer shortly after her arrival but was never found to be febrile when tested with oral thermometers. She had no symptoms of Ebola virus disease, and blood tests detected no evidence of infection with the virus.

Hickox was released on 27 …


Physics-based methods and tools for rapid classification, quantification, and forecasting of lithium-ion battery aging modes and life

 Sangwook Kim,1 Zonggen Yi,1 Ross R. Kunz,1 Eric J. Dufek,1 Tanvir Tanim,1 Kevin L. Gering1, Bor-Rong Chen,1 Peter Weddle, 2 Kandler Smith, 2

 1

 Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 USA

 2

 Center for Energy Conversion & Storage Systems, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA

 242nd ECS Meeting, Atlanta, GA, Oct. 9 - 13, 2022

 Symposium: A03 – Lithium Ion Batteries

 Lithium-ion batteries play a central role in powering electric vehicles, stationary energy storage systems, and consumer electronics. Lately, machine learning and deep learning (DL) has been successfully used to gain insights into battery degradation during battery operation and predict lifetime in battery research and development community. Fast and robust classification and quantification of battery aging (e.g., Loss of Lithium Inventory (LLI) and Loss of active Material (LAM)) and accurate long-term forecasting of battery life enable more proactive planning of battery management and preemptive actions of modified operating conditions to achieve safe operations and prolong battery life.
 Here, we present the development of Incremental Capacity (IC)-DL framework for fast charging conditions as a diagnostic tool for aging mode classification and quantification (Figure 1). The classification and quantification of dominant battery aging modes is conducted using a synthetic-data-based DL modeling framework. Over 6000 initial conditions and 26,000 different aging conditions are generated using IC model to train DL. We applied trained DL classification and quantification algorithm to 22 Gr/NMC532 pouch cells with a different loading and charging protocol tested up to 600 cycles. Besides the analysis of reference performance test data at C/20, cycle-by-cycle data at higher C-rate is analyzed. This IC-DL framework as a diagnostic tool is also used in different battery chemistries, such as Gr/NMC811and LTO/LMO. IC-DL framework enables unique, rapid identification and quantification of the dominant aging modes at different C-rates in different battery chemistries. Additionally, a prognostic tool, Sigmoidal Rate Expression (SRE)-type mathematics are employed to evaluate the capacity loss and aging mode (i.e., LLI). SREs are robust engines that contain three variables that capture the thermodynamic and kinetic "thumbprint" of the mechanism progression within the context of a batch reactor scenario [1].We show two different methods by which SRE parameters can be early assessed based on quantified values from IC-DL framework; (1) extrapolative techniques using specialized functions to determine SRE parameter convergence and (2) a technique based on deep learning and Monte Carlo framework. Overall results from both methods confirm that we can predict capacity loss and LLI at the end of test (i.e., 600 cycles) within 1-2% absolute error using three weeks of testing data (or 125 cycles). We believe the IC-DL framework combined with SRE-base prognostics will reduce lithium-ion batteries development cycle as well as shorten the turnover time for validation, fulfilling the demands of rapidly growing battery market.

 References

 K. Gering, Electrochimica Acta, 228(20), 636-651 (2017)

 Figure 1


AIM:To establish an eukaryotic expression system of ALC-pTet-on advanced cell strain which could be induced by doxycycline to highly express foreign genes for gene function studies.METHODS: The ALCs were transfected with pTet-on advanced vector by using TransFastTM transfection reagent,and the anti-clones were chosen by geneticin(G418) selecting.The stably transfected cells could survive in neomycin-resistant culture medium containing 1000μg/mL G418.The expression level of pTet-on Advanced gene was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The function of the positive cell clones was screened using luciferase reporting gene assay kit.RESULTS: Totally 13 Tet-on Advanced positive ALC cell clones were obtained after G418 screening.The RT-PCR results showed that all clones expressed Reverse Tet-Controlled Transactivator(rtTA Advanced)and the sequencing was matched with the pTet-on Advanced gene.It indicated that pTet-on Advanced gene had been integrated into the genomic DNA of ALC cells.One strain of pTet-on positive ALC cell clones with multiple inducing expression rate of 22.1 was obtained by luciferase reporting gene assay.There was no difference in the morphology and growth rate between pTet-on Advanced positive ALCs and normal ALC cells.CONCLUSION: One pTet-on Advanced positive ALC cell strain with multiple inducing expression rate of 22.1 was established successfully,which could be a base for the function studies of EMPs in ameloblasts.


Tumour resistance to methylating agents is linked to expression of the DNA repair protein O6‐alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferase (ATase). There is considerable interest in improving the efficacy of O6‐alkylating chemotherapy by prior depletion of ATase. We have tested the ability of a modified guanine base, O6‐(4‐bromothenyl)guanine (4BTG), to inactivate ATase and to enhance the anti‐tumour effect of temozolomide in an animal model system. A375M human melanoma xenografts were established in the flanks of nude mice. ATase depletion after a single dose of 4BTG or O6‐BG (20 mg/kg i.p.) was determined over a 24 hr period. Subsequently, we tested the effect of 4BTG (20 mg/kg i.p. daily) and/or temozolomide (80–175 mg/kg i.p. daily) over a 5‐day schedule on tumour growth. 4BTG was an effective inactivator of ATase in tumour, producing complete depletion within 2 hr of dosing. Furthermore, it enhanced the tumour growth delay achieved with temozolomide, increasing the tumour quintupling time by 8.7 days (95% confidence interval 6.1–11.3 days, p < 0.0001). Whilst the delay in tumour growth was indistinguishable from that observed with O6‐benzylguanine (O6‐BG) and temozolomide, the 4BTG combination resulted in considerably less toxicity (0/9 vs. 2/9 deaths; 6.84% weight loss vs. 9.48%, p = 0.019). 4BTG is a potent inactivator of ATase and enhances the therapeutic ratio of temozolomide in this model system to a greater extent than O6‐BG. Int. J. Cancer 85:248–252, 2000. ©2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract Catalytic C−X borylation of aryl halides containing two ortho‐fluorines has been found to be challenging, as most previous methods require stoichiometric amounts of base and the polyfluorinated aryl boronates suffer from protodeboronation, which is accelerated by ortho‐fluorine substituents. Herein, we report that a combination of Pd(dba)2 (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) with SPhos (2‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2',6'‐dimethoxybiphenyl) as a ligand is efficient to catalyze the C‐Cl borylation of aryl chlorides containing two ortho‐fluorine substituents. This method, conducted under base‐free conditions, is compatible with the resulting di‐ortho‐fluorinated aryl boronate products which are sensitive to base.


Affected by COVID-19 epidemic, online teaching has become an indispensable teaching method. Online network teaching takes the Internet as the medium, and at present, the main teaching modes are live broadcast, recorded broadcast and online self-study. These methods break the limitation of traditional classroom teaching time and space, and reflect the advantages of diverse teaching forms, rich information and strong flexibility. Teachers and students are in the "cloud". How to ensure that online learning is essentially equivalent to traditional classroom teaching quality is a problem that every teacher faces. In fact, in online teaching, only a small number of students can achieve the expected learning goals in autonomous learning, and it is difficult to effectively present high-quality teaching results. Based on the post-epidemic background, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the effective connection between online teaching and offline teaching, and puts forward some effective connection strategies according to the actual situation, hoping to provide a reasonable reference for the development of online education mode in China in the future.


Throughout a series of reviews and updates to what is now the Combined Code on Corporate Governance, the last of which took place in 2006, in the UK, the "comply or explain" approach first set out in the Cadbury Report has been retained. The Code and its progenies have provided a yardstick against which standards of corporate governance guidelines in other markets are being measured, with the majority of EU Member States having taken strides in the same direction to implement like codes on a "comply or explain" basis. Outside the EU, scores of countries have borrowed extensively from the Code, including Canada, Australia, Hong Kong, South Africa, Kenya and Uganda.


In this paper, we propose a deep neural network (DNN)-based automatic modulation classification (AMC) for digital communications. While conventional AMC techniques perform well for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, classification accuracy degrades for fading channels where the amplitude and phase of channel gain change in time. The key contributions of this paper are in two phases. First, we analyze the effectiveness of a variety of statistical features for AMC task in fading channels. We reveal that the features that are shown to be effective for fading channels are different from those known to be good for AWGN channels. Second, we introduce a new enhanced AMC technique based on DNN method. We use the extensive and diverse set of statistical features found in our study for the DNN-based classifier. The fully connected feedforward network with four hidden layers are trained to classify the modulation class for several fading scenarios. Numerical evaluation shows that the proposed technique offers significant performance gain over the existing AMC methods in fading channels.


Heterocyclic compounds are an important class of basic building blocks, being used by chemists to create compounds of biological or medical relevance. Various heterocyclic building blocks are used in medicinal research, agriculture, and medication discoveries. Considering the significance of heterocyclic ring-containing molecules, 2-amino-6-cyanobenzothiazole is combined with ethylacetoacetate in the presence of polyphosphoric acid to form 8-cyano-2-methyl-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazol-4-one. The structure of the produced chemical is characterised using H1NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry and The synthesized compound successfully showed Biochemical activity against E.Coli, as well as antifungal efficacy against Bacillus subtilis species.


We constructed a numerical model reproducing the transport, survival and individual growth of the early life stages of Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, off the Pacific coast of Japan during 1978–93. The causes of early life stage mortality, including the influence of the effects of the spatial relationship between the spawning grounds and the Kuroshio on the mortality rate, were investigated. Survival and transport from egg stage to 60 days after spawning were modelled daily in a 1 × 1 degree mesh cell and individual growth in the period was modelled in each region (Kuroshio, Inshore, Offshore and Transition regions). Individual growth and survival from 60 to 180 days after spawning were modelled daily in the Transition region. Environmental data were taken from outside the model system. Our simulation indicates that survival variability in the larval stage (5–25 mm in standard length) is the key factor in determining the year-class strength. The simulation revealed that strong year classes occurred with good survival in the spawning ground and whilst entrained in the Kuroshio current being transported to the main feeding grounds in the Transition region. The simulation also indicated that survival rates in 1988–93 were low in the Inshore, Kuroshio and Offshore regions, which depressed the year-class strength during that period.


An accont of the acquisition of The Bancroft Library by the University of California in 1905-1906, and a comparison of Bancroft then and in the year 2000


Extensive observations of total column ozone (TCO) made over the Antarctic region at the Indian station 'Maitri' (70.76oS, 11.74oE) during two summer periods of 2004–2005 and 2006–2007 using a ground-based optical remote sensing instrument (ozonometer) have been examined to study the short-term variations. Mean TCO during 2004–05 summer was 288.7 DU with a variability of 8% and the corresponding values during 2006–2007 summer were 280.4 DU and 11%. Both ozonometer and Dobson spectrophotometer measurements at this Antarctic station during January 2005 showed a short-term decrease in TCO by about 70 DU before regaining original value. Simultaneous changes in precipitable water and surface temperature points to a possible interplay of chemistry and meteorological conditions. Occurrence of an intense solar proton event in January 2005 also suggests the possible role of precipitating charged particles in causing short-lived ozone decrease through production of OH radical.


The invention discloses a buffering device for a receiving groove of a belt conveyor, which relates to belt conveyors and solves the problem that a belt is torn due to impact of materials on the belt. The buffering device comprises two underframes, two buffering seats, a C-shaped frame and buffering carrier rollers, the two underframes are respectively mounted on a frame of the conveyor, the two buffering seats are fixed onto the two underframes respectively, two ends of the C-shaped frame are fixed onto the two buffering seats respectively, and the buffering carrier rollers are mounted on the C-shaped frame. The buffering device is used for the receiving groove of the belt conveyor, energy generated by impact can be effectively absorbed by the buffering seats, the C-shaped frame and the buffering carrier rollers when a belt is impacted by materials, and the problem that the belt is torn due to impact of the materials on the belt can be greatly reduced.


The preservation of the architectural heritage is a fundamental aspect in the cultural development of modern cities. This heritage has to be preserved and different technical analysis are usually necessary to ensure its proper preservation. Due to this fact, before performing these analyses, non-destructive techniques are usually an indispensable tool to provide information about the current structural behavior of the building. The use of ambient vibration tests is widespread as a technique to identify dynamic properties of historical constructions from a global point of view, but not to identify these dynamic properties of specific elements with a local character. In this paper, these techniques are used to characterize dynamically concrete parts of a historical building. These dynamic structural parameters identified by using the operational modal analysis method allows the adjustment of numerical models in order to obtain a more accurate estimation of the actual behavior of the structure. In this way, updated FE models can be used to assess the structural behavior of the historical building.In the present paper, the use of ambient vibration tests on the masonry roof of the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers is presented. This is a church located near the town of Bad Staffelstein near Bamberg, in Bavaria, southern Germany. The late Baroque-Rococo basilica, designed by Balthasar Neumann, was constructed between 1743 and 1772. It is dedicated to the Fourteen Holy Helpers, a group of saints venerated together in the Catholic Church, especially in Germany at the time of the Black Death. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of EURODYN 2017.


Embodiment, to implement a device having a sensor element, the different data streams are created as part of the sensor module integrated in the sensor element can create multiple sensor data stream from a single sensor element as the data stream matches the parameter requirements for each different application, the information on each different applications with different data parameters requirements from the sensor element can be carried out in parallel.


We call $n$ a cyclic number if every group of order $n$ is cyclic. It is implicit in work of Dickson, and explicit in work of Szele, that $n$ is cyclic precisely when $\gcd(n,\phi(n))=1$. With $C(x)$ denoting the count of cyclic $n\le x$, Erdős proved that $$C(x) \sim e^{-\gamma} x/\log\log\log{x}, \quad\text{as $x\to\infty$}.$$ We show that $C(x)$ has an asymptotic series expansion, in the sense of Poincare, in descending powers of $\log\log\log{x}$, namely $$\frac{e^{-\gamma} x}{\log\log\log{x}} \left(1-\frac{\gamma}{\log\log\log{x}} + \frac{\gamma^2 + \frac{1}{12}\pi^2}{(\log\log\log{x})^2} - \frac{\gamma^3 +\frac{1}{4} \gamma \pi^2 + \frac{2}{3}\zeta(3)}{(\log\log\log{x})^3} + \dots \right). $$


Self-inferiority is one of the chronic psychological phenomena existing in human mind by nature.Self-inferiority can make people either feel degenerated and depressed or courageous and eager to work with strong will.Shen Congwen was a legendary writer of unique personality.Based on the analysis of Mr Shen's personal life affected by self-inferiority,this essay offers the author's understanding of Mr Shen's works,his personality and his writing motive,therefore the essence of his works may be well grasped.$$$$


The construction surveying control network by GPS surveying techniques has the advantages of high accuracy,convenient for setting out the control network,etc.According to the practical situation of GPS control network of Bazongwan Grand Bridge project in the section of Fenghuang to Daxing of Hangzhou-Ruili National Expressway,this paper discussed the design,implementation,data processing method,accuracy control of GPS control network.It will provide reference for the further project.


This paper documents that an oil price increase generates a larger decline in output when the oil price hits a near-term high. We develop a New Keynesian model with energy and a downward nominal wage rigidity that generates asymmetric responses of the macroeconomy to energy price shocks. Specifically, a large energy price increase pushes down the real wage enough that the downward nominal wage constraint binds for several periods, which causes firms to reduce their output further. Since that mechanism is unimportant when energy prices fall, the downward nominal wage constraint causes output to react asymmetrically to oil price shocks.


Questions

Can we adequately model beech distribution based on accompanying vegetation, and how does this compare with a climate model? To what extent does accompanying vegetation predict larger extension of beech at its SW margin compared with current distribution? Do human factors explain the discrepancy between current and potential distribution?

Location

Lowland forests at the SW European range margin of beech.

Methods

We built a logistic regression model of beech presence based on accompanying understorey vegetation using 66 976 plots in the French National Forest Inventory (NFI) network. Explanatory variables were obtained by multivariate reduction of 252 species in NFI plots. The model was calibrated in regions where human impact on beech has been comparatively low. The probability of beech presence was estimated at its SW margin and compared with current distribution. We tested whether forest management factors could explain beech absence in locations where the flora predicted its presence. Performance of this model was compared with a classical climatic-envelope model.

Results

Modelled potential distribution of beech along its SW margin was larger than observed distribution, suggesting area shrinkage under man's influence. Sites where beech was predicted as present but was currently absent were significantly less common in high forest stands, and more common in coppices, plantations and private forests. Characteristics of species replacing beech (early-successional, plantation or exotic species) confirmed the role of forest management and disturbance in beech disappearance. The floristic model provided a finer resolution distribution map than the climatic-envelope model.

Conclusions

Plant communities, together with precise tree species maps, allowed us to estimate manipulation of beech by man, and main silvicultural causes of its disappearance. The improvement in quality of current distribution models has important implications for modelling of niches under future climate scenarios.


The present paper is concerned with the Covid-19 Pandemic impact on Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) predominantly. The Pandemic impact has frozen Educational institutes and their works. It has also made HEIs all over the world clueless to enhance safety environment for teaching-learning. The pandemic lockdown has masqueraded numerous challenges to Higher Educational Institutes (HEI), particularly to West Bengal context. While the Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) in West Bengal address various issues relating to Students' motivation, interests and performance, the pandemic impact paves ways to explore TechnologyAdapted teaching-learning frameworks to empower the faculties to involve students in teaching-learningperformance paradigm. Harris and DiMarco (2010) have indicated that Educational institutes have to have locking out danger to keep students safe in crisis. This is an indication that Educational institutes have to adopt new strategies to help the students to be safe in environment and help them to cope with their studies away from the HEI environment. The current research was based on a predetermined sample size: a sample of 117 teachers from 17 Higher Educational Institutes (out of 200) from West Bengal have been collected and tabled further. The variables used in in the current research has the Cronbach's Alpha N of Items (57) reliability Statistics value is .908. On the basis of quantitative analysis involving correlation analysis with control situations like years of operation and gender perception and factor analysis, the researcher has enumerated the data outcomes. The data findings are: the need assessment of Pandemic impact, interventions through ICT tools and technqiues to bridge the learning gap, attitude of teachers towards ICT teaching techniques and the mean value of ICT tools used to increase the active participation of Students online. Thus the current research has explored the Pandemic situation and its influence towards discovering newer technological solutions to bridge the learning gap and help the Students to be innovative through digital platforms and become merely a Student-centred approach.


Mireille Flaux : Fiction according to Madame Riccoboni. What did writing fiction mean for Mme Riccoboni ? Several circumstances pushed her to exploit her talent, like the meeting with Marivaux in the Italian Theatre where she acted, or the encouragements of her friends, not to mention the need to earn a living after she left the stage. It was for her a serious occupation, as for her the role of the writer was, without lecturing, to provide a moral teaching by speaking to the heart. In addition, the study of novels reveals traces of the author's sentimental life. Even more, her work became a stage for presenting the condition of women ; this does not mean that she preached, for the aim was to amuse as well as to convince, but the epistolary novel and even more the novel of memoirs are particularly well adapted to revealing the truth about women. The writing reflects her sensitivity and aspirations and the style reveals a pleasure in writing blending with her search for happiness.


The present invention relates even to a method for manufacturing a metal molding, and the metallic shaped body, which has arbitrary spatial resolution different alloying elements and / or particle reinforcements.


Two different mechanistic proposals have been investigated theoretically for the initial steps of the chromium-assisted Dotz benzannulation reaction at the nonlocal density functional level of theo...


Quantum computers for the efficient simulation of physical systems are emerging today. Effect of Spin on Quantum Dots (QDs) paved the way for QCA. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) have a simple cell as the basic element. The cell is used as a building block to construct gates and wires.Reversible logic has extensive applications in quantum Computing. Reversible logic is widely being considered as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on physical entropy. Reversible gates such as Fredkin and DKG gates can be of great use for the implementation of the logic designs. Recent advances in reversible logic allow for improved quantum computer algorithms and schemes for corresponding computer architectures.In this paper, a design constructing the hybrid adder - Subtractor based on reversible logic gates as logic components using QCA is proposed. By using reversible logic gates instead of using traditional logic gates such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, a Hybrid reversible Adder - Subtractor whose function is the same as the traditional Adder and Subtractor are designed and compared with the functioning of DKG gate based adder-subtractor. The simulation results shows that higher speed, smaller size and lower power consumption can be achieved with the proposed HAS system.


With the recent increase in awareness about the environment, there is an expanding concern of the deleterious effects of current materials and processes. Federal, state and local environmental agencies such as the EPA, State Air Resource Boards and local Air Quality Management Districts (AQMD) have issued legislation that restrict or prohibit the use and disposal of hazardous materials. National and local laws like the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and AQMD regulations are examples of rules that govern the handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste. The Department of Defense (DoD), in support of this effort, has identified the major generators of hazardous materials and hazardous waste to be maintenance depots and operations, particularly cleaning, pretreating, plating, painting and paint removal processes. Reductions of waste in these areas has been targeted as a primary goal in the DOD. The Navy is committed to significantly reducing its current hazardous waste generation and is working to attain a near zero discharge of hazardous waste by the year 2000. In order to attain these goals, the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division at Warminster has organized and is carrying out a comprehensive program in cooperation withmore » the Naval Air Systems Command, the Air Force and the Department of Energy that deal with the elimination or reduction of hazardous materials. .... Environmental materials, Organic coatings, Inorganic pretreatments, Paint removal techniques, Cleaners, CFC'S.« less


The concept of open innovation advocates that in today's increasingly boundary free world, organizations should seek to exploit inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation (Chesbrough 2003). This open model of innovation challenges the traditional closed view, where invention and design is restricted to internal resources. Indeed, the past decade has witnessed a flurry of experimentation with different styles of open innovation in industries as diverse as consumer goods, semi-conductors, automotive engineering, and software engineering. IS has played a prominent role in creating the necessity for, and the implementation of, open innovation models. For example, the convergence of cheap personal computers, fiber optic cable, and powerful workflow software has been attributed to the "flattening" of the planet and the rise in global collaboration (Friedman 2006). Major corporations like IBM, GE, Boeing, and Proctor & Gamble have integrated online crowdsourcing platforms as part of their open innovation programs. Likewise, the open source software movement is also often viewed as a role model for open innovation.


To predict and assess visual attention, saliencybased visual attention modeling is a popular approach. However, state-of-the-art models are developed for adults, in which children are not considered. Additionally, these models consider neither social cues like face, nor attention learning cues. The face is a vital part of visual attention. Psychological studies reveal that sub-facial areas are different in visual attention. Some models highlight faces in social scenes, but sub-facial areas are not taken into account. Attention learning reveals internal processing of visual attention. By learning how the cognitive system deals with visual stimuli, it is possible to predict visual attention behavior. In this paper, we propose a multilevel visual attention model to predict fixations of children when watching a talking face. Based on traditional saliency maps, the proposed model includes both separate facial areas and attention shift cue. An eye-tracking experiment is conducted to evaluate the model. Results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms conventional models in talking face scenes.


In this prospective paper, we first review the existing simulation tools to simulate microgalvanic corrosion during free immersion. Then, we describe a recently developed application that employs PRISMS-PF, an open-source, high-performance phase-field modeling framework. The model employed in the application accounts for the electrochemical reaction at the metal/electrolyte interface and ionic migration in the electrolyte to determine the evolution of the corrosion front. We present the implementation details for the application and discuss its features such as super-linear parallel scaling performance for a sufficiently large system. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of the application by simulating corrosion of the matrix phase of an alloy near a secondary phase particle in two and three dimensions. Graphical abstract


Using Raman spectroscopy we determined the van-der-Waals component of the low-frequency vibration in ropes of single-walled nanotubes at 171 cmy1. While Raman peaks in this frequency range are commonly believed to correspond to the pure radial breathing mode of a single tube, our pressure and temperature-dependent measurements show that van-der-Waals contribution of the peak observed at 514.5 nm excitation is necessary to explain its large pressure coefficient of 9.7 cmy1/GPa. Our results are consistent with the small elastic modulus predicted for nanotube ropes.


In 2005, Freescale Semiconductor's newly centralized mask data prep organization (MSO) initiated a project to develop an automated global quality validation system for photomasks delivered to Freescale Semiconductor fabs. The system handles Certificate of Conformance (CofC) quality metric collection, validation, reporting and an alert system for all photomasks shipped to Freescale fabs from all qualified global suppliers. The completed system automatically collects 30+ quality metrics for each photomask shipped. Other quality metrics are generated from the collected data and quality metric conformance is automatically validated to specifications or control limits with failure alerts emailed to fab photomask and mask data prep engineering. A quality data warehouse stores the data for future analysis, which is performed quarterly. The improved access to data provided by the system has improved Freescale engineers' ability to spot trends and opportunities for improvement with our suppliers' processes. This paper will review each phase of the project, current system capabilities and quality system benefits for both our photomask suppliers and Freescale.


An elementary but rigorous treatment is given of the Bohr model of hydrogenlike atoms in which first-order corrections are made for both the finite mass of the nucleus and for the relativistic motion of the electron. Particular attention is paid to the approximations necessary to obtain the energy levels first given by Sommerfeld.


Abstract The aims of this study were twofold: first, to investigate whether illegitimate tasks and job crafting are associated longitudinally with meaning of work, and, second, to explore whether job crafting strategies moderates longitudinally the relationship between illegitimate tasks and meaning of work. The study was based on one-year follow-up data from Finnish teachers (N = 453). A latent change model with interaction terms was conducted using structural equation modeling. The results showed that high level of unnecessary tasks was associated with low subsequent level of meaning of work. Moreover, changes in both dimensions of illegitimate tasks and meaning of work were negatively associated: the greater the increase in illegitimate tasks, the greater the decrease in meaning of work across one year. Also, latent change factors of job crafting strategies (seeking job resources and optimizing job demands) and meaning of work were positively associated. Furthermore, increased levels of seeking job resources protected against the detrimental effects of unreasonable tasks on meaning of work. To conclude, job crafting strategies should be promoted due to their direct and protective effects on meaning of work.


This study extends the literature on the relationship between recent performance and the movement of managed funds' assets by investigating the effects of fund size and age. The results confirm a size effect, as well as an age effect. Tests distinguishing between the two favor a size rather than an age interpretation. The evidence that flows of small funds are more sensitive to recent performance than flows of large funds is consistent with Gruber's (1996) notion of sophisticated investors using information in past performance to identify superior funds. Zheng's (1998) evidence that the good performers tend to be small funds suggests that the smart money should be following small funds, as confirmed in this study. Support for the 'smart money size effect' is also provided here with evidence confirming that small funds tend to be superior performers. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2002.


Using epifluorescence microscopy and the Ludox-QPS method,we investigated the community composition,abundance,and biomass as well as distribution of microbenthos and meiobenthos in combination with the analysis of benthic environmental variables at four stations off the Yangtze Estuary in the summer( July) and fall( November) of 2010 and2011,respectively. The abundances of bacteria( 108 cells / cm3),cyanobacteria( 106 cells / cm3),and phototrophic( PNF,106 cells / cm3) and heterotrophic nanoflagellates( HNF,105—106cells / cm3) were much higher than those of other components in the upper 5 cm of sediments. The biomass partitioning indicates the primary importance of benthic bacteria( 19—24 μg C/cm3),followed by PNF( 13—31 μg C/cm3),HNF( 5—44 μg C/cm3),cyanobacteria( 1—2 μg C/cm3),meiobenthos( 0. 9—1 μg C /cm3),ciliates( 0. 04—0. 2 μg C /cm3),heterotrophic microflagellates( HMF,0. 02—0. 08 μg C / cm3),and diatoms( 0. 001—0. 008 μg C /cm3). The standing crops of microbenthic and meiobenthic assemblages,except of bacteria and cyanobacteria,were generally higher in 2011 than in 2010 and usually higher in the fall than in the summer. About 84% of diatoms,82% of ciliates,65% of HMF,and 77% of meiobenthos were distributed in the upper 2 cm of the sediments,whereas no distinct vertical distribution was observed for bacteria,cyanobacteria,PNF,and HNF. The vertical distribution had little variation between the years and seasons. The estimated productivity of diatoms ranged from 0. 05 to 0. 4 mg C m- 2d- 1and contributed only 0. 01% —0. 1% of the primary productivity. Thus,most of the primary productivity was contributed by the pico- and nano-sized benthos. The estimated productivity of bacteria was 80—101 mg C m- 2d- 1,about 17% —21% of the primary productivity. The biomass of bacteria was nine to 18 times higher than that of the meiobenthos,whereas the productivity was 30—61 times higher than that of the meiobenthos( 2—3 mg C m- 2d- 1). The biomass of ciliates was much lower than that of the meiobenthos,while the ciliate productivity( 3—23 mg C m- 2d- 1) was one to 14 times higher than that of the meiobenthos. The relative metabolic rates indicate that benthic heterotrophic nanoflagellates constitute the most important group in sediment respiration,accounting for 92. 9% —99. 1% of the estimated combined metabolic rate of the microbenthic and meiobenthic consumers. Among the 166 identified ciliate species,carnivorous ciliates constituted the primary feeding type in standing crops,followed by bacterivores,algivores,and omnivores. Carnivorous ciliates contributed a relatively higher proportion of standing crops in the fall than in the summer,whereas the contribution of bacterivorous ciliates was inverse. The abundance and biomass of the microbenthos as well as the ciliate community structure based on species-abundance varied significantly between the years, while no significant difference was observed for meiobenthos. Statistical analyses show that the distribution of microbenthos and meiobenthos in the summer and fall was affected by multiple factors rather than a single environmental factor,and diluted water of the Yangtze River did not show an obvious impact on the microbenthos and meiobenthos. BIOENV analysis indicates that in the summer,the microbenthic abundance had the highest correlation with the chlorophyll a concentration and ciliate speciesabundance had the highest correlation with the combination of the bottom water temperature,chlorophyll a concentration,and organic matter content,while no correlation was found for meiobenthos. In the fall,the meiobenthic abundance had the highest correlation with the median grain size of the sediments,while no correlation was found for the microbenthos and ciliates. Comparative analyses between the microbenthic assemblages and corresponding ones in the upper pelagic waters suggest that the microbenthos had numerical and functional importance in the study area.


SIMULATOR EVALUATION OF SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION WITHON-LINE CONTROL LAW UPDATE FORTHE CONTROLS AND ASTROPHYSICS EXPERIMENT IN SPACERaymond C. Montgomery, Dave Ghosh, Michael A. Scott,Spacecraft Control Brsunchand Dirk WarnaarSpacecraft Dynamics BranchNASA Langley Research CenterHampton, VA 236654th Workshop on ComputationalControl of Flexible Aerospace SystemsWilliamsburg, VAJuly 11-13, 1990


Abstract-The objective of the paper was to evaluate the influence of relative humidity (RH) and air temperature on mould growth and mycotoxin production in broiler concentrated feeds during the storage period. Air temperatures ranged at levels of 10, 20 and 30°C, and relative humidity ranged at levels of 65, 75 and 85% under storage conditions. The result showed that (1) the counts of moulds were 2.27 × 105, 5.12 × 105, 6.84 × 105, 2.57 × 105 cfu/g under storage conditions of 10°C, 65, 75 and 85% RH, 20°C, 65%RH on the 17th day, respectively. The levels of AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) were 10.2, 11.6, 12.0, 13.8 μg/kg, respectively. The levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) were 69.8, 68.9, 74.1, 75.4 μg/kg, respectively. The levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) were 1012, 1428, 1502, 2600 μg/kg, respectively. (2)The counts of moulds were 1.07 × 105, 1.21 × 105, 7.96 × 105 cfu/g under storage conditions of 20°C, 75% 85% RH, 30°C, 65% RH on the 10th day, respectively. The levels of AFB1 were 16.5, 12.0 μg/kg, 15.2 μg/kg, respectively. The levels of OTA were 73.6, 73.1, 78.1 μg/kg, respectively. The levels of DON were 1250, 1220, 2800 μg/kg, respectively. (3)The counts of moulds were 3.37 × 105, 4.00 × 105 cfu/g under storage conditions of 30°C, 75% 85%RH on the 5th day, respectively. The levels of AFB1 were 26.2, 11.7 μg/kg, respectively. The levels of OTA were 69.8, 77.2 μg/kg, respectively. The levels of DON were 3015, 1650 μg/kg, respectively. The total mould counts above were more than the limit of national feed standards. AFB1 and OTA did not exceed the limit. National feed standards did not clearly defined for feed corn and broiler concentrated feeds on the DON. (4) Species of F.moniliforme and P.viridicatum have been isolated and identified as the predominant moulds of some mould-contaminated broiler concentrated feeds.


High emission intensity and low efficiency droop semipolar blue light-emitting diode (LED). In one embodiment of the present invention, the light emitting element has a peak emission in the blue emission wavelength, comprising a group III nitride light emitting diode (LED), LED is grown semipolar gallium nitride (GaN) on the substrate, peak emission in the blue emission wavelength at a current density of at least 35 amps / square centimeter (a / cm


We go out of the major traps of the management for the theory of X low efficiency,from to think of the linear relationship and technology relationship in output in the past,to view the importance of human nature on the psychological perspective,making the emotion management of the inevitability ba-sied on the employee inert regional exists.So,we explore to how to use the way of emotional identify stress management and emotional culture to settle the low efficiency of the problem in library,not only to improve staff work performance,but also the overall efficiency,by reverence and exposure human.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), LCF-2 prescription on serum cytokines, spleen index and thvmus index in BXSB mice and the mechanisms of treatment of SLE with LCF-2. METHODS BXSB mice were randomly divided into control, CHM, modern medicine (MM) and CHM + MM groups. Spleen index and thymus index were measured by a method of weight. Serum IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-a were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The thymus index of CHM group was higher than that of controls, but there was no difference in spleen index. MM decreased both spleen index and thymus index. CHM+ MM reduced spleen index (P0.01) but increased thymus index ( P 0.05). CHM significantly down-regulated the concentration of TNF-a ( P 0.05) and up-regulated the concentration of interleukin-2 (P0.01). It had no effect on interleukin-6. In contrary, modern medicine significantly inhibited the production of interleukin-6 and TNF-a, and had no effect on interleukin-2. CONCLUSION The results indicated that CHM and MM were effective on BXSB mice but the mechanisms were different. The combination of CHM and MM was superior to single-agent therapy.


Some archaeological materials from prehistoric Japan have been subjected to the radiocarbon assays at several laboratories in the United States. According to the publication date, the results obtained so far are presented with some references to the related information. Laboratories and sample numbers are as follows:C-548, C-603, C-688, M-240, W-322, W-372, W-419, M-165 M-174, M-237, M-239, M-768, M-769, M-770, I-550, I-551, I-552, I-553, I-554, I-555.C: University of Chicago, M: University of Michigan, W: U.S. Geological Survey, I: Isotopes, Inc.


The development of object permanence skills in 20 visually impaired infants between the ages of 4 and 25 months was examined longitudinally. Other areas of development which were examined in relationship to object permanence included motor skills, various aspects of language and social adaptation, symbolic play, and stranger and separation distress. Parallels to object permanence development in sighted infants that were found included order of skill acquisition and the span of time across which the skills were mastered. The visually impaired subjects as a group were 8 to 12 months older than the sighted infants at the time of similar object permanence skills, but the greater maturity of the visually impaired subjects seemed to be demonstrated in the lack of A—B error and the ability of visually impaired infants to perform the tasks on the basis of discontinuous sensory information. No relationships between object permanence levels and either symbolic play abilities and separation or stranger distress were found.


The utility model discloses an aphid connecting pole which comprises a rod-shaped part and is characterized in that a plurality of clamps clamping aphid plants are mounted on the rod-shaped part; the rod-shaped part can also comprise a rope with the two ends being fixed on a pole; and the rope is a bifilar rope which can be used for clamping the aphid plants. The aphid connecting using the aphid connecting pole provided by the utility model can cause the aphid connecting points in the unit area to reach above 160 points per square meters, and when the aphid connecting quantity of each plant adopts two to ten, the aphid connecting quantity per person can reach above 14000 per hour.


Objective: To assess the prevalence of pulp stones using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in a Saudi Arabian adolescent population. Material and Methods: CBCT scans of 237 individuals compromising of 1018 teeth were examined. All teeth were analyzed in three dimensions and the presence of pulp stones were identified as a round or oval shaped dense structures in the pulp space. The location of involved tooth in terms of arch, side involved and the status of the tooth were documented. Statistical analysis was carried out by applying Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Pulp stones were observed in 119 out of the 237 participants, and in 118 teeth out of 1018 teeth examined, with the patient prevalence of 50.2% and tooth prevalence 10.6%. Pulp stones were observed in 76 (51.3%) of males and 43 (48.3%) of females, with no significant difference (p>0.05). A nonsignificant difference was also noted when maxillary and mandibular arches and the left and right sides were compared. Pulp stones were observed more frequently observed in molars and in carious (8.8%) and restored teeth (17.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of pulp stones was high in molars and in carious and restored teeth. No significant difference was noticed between gender, arch and side of tooth involved with pulp stones.


The classical molecular dynamics simulation of the low-energy glancing angle deposition of titanium dioxide films is performed. The deposition angle varies from 60° to 80°. It is found that the film structure consists of parallel slanted columns which lead to the anisotropy of films properties. The difference between the main components of the refractive index tensor is about 0.14, which is close to the values obtained for high-energy titanium dioxide films and larger than 0.03 obtained earlier for silicon dioxide films.


Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints, particularly the sacroiliac joints. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive and objective tool that can be used for early diagnosis of AS. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker that is commonly used to evaluate disease activity in AS patients, and is included in the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP).The primary outcome of the study to investigate the association between active sacroiliitis on MRI and CRP levels in AS patients. The secondary outcome was to identify other parameters that may be associated with sacroiliitis activity in AS patients. The study was a retrospective analysis that included 140 AS patients who had MRI of their sacroiliac joints between January 2011 and March 2022.Retrospective study was conducted on all SpA cases that were established between January 2011 and March 2022. The study aimed to explore the relationship between sacroiliitis as detected on MRI and C - reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints was performed on all patients using coronal oblique T1, T2 and STIR weighted sequences. Active sacroiliitis was defined as the presence of inflammatory lesions according to the ASAS (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society) criteria. CRP was considered high if it was greater than or equal to 6 mg/L. The statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher and Chi-Squared test and a p-value of 0.05 was considered as the level of significance.MRI of the sacroiliac joints was performed in 140 patients; the mean age was 47.54± 14.46 years with a predominantly female sex ratio of 0.34 (M/F). The mean duration of evolution was 5.40± 5.13.Active sacroiliitis was found in 65% of the patients, it was bilateral in 31.4%, unilateral in 28.6% (15% left and 13.6% right). An elevated CRP was found in 60.3% of the patients, the mean CRP was 21.79± 44.68, and the mean sedimentation rate was 26.04± 26.12.Active sacroiliitis did not have a statically significant association with an elevated CRP level. For the other clinico-biological parameters, Young onset was significantly associated with active sacroiliitis (p<0.05).In conclusion, this study did not demonstrate a significant association between CRP levels and active sacroiliitis on MRI in patients with AS. However, the study suggests that MRI may allow for an early diagnosis of AS in the absence of biological inflammation, and that young onset may be a risk factor for active sacroiliitis in AS patients. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and to better understand the relationship between CRP levels, imaging, and sacroiliitis activity in AS patients.NIL.NIL.None Declared.


In this paper, we discuss multisensory information representation and associative learning in multimodal integration. First, we provide a brief overview of anatomical structure and neural information pathways of multimodal cortexes. Then we formulate the multimodal integration problem into a framework of statistical learning. The associative learning algorithm is proposed to adapt the representation matrix and the sparseness of representation is also adapted in the statistical learning model


The present study examines the quality of best-friend relationships of adolescent children of divorced parents. Two theoretical frameworks are employed: Sullivan's "substitution" theory, and Freud's "object-relation" theory. The findings of the study show that parental divorce (1) has no effect on either having a best-friend relationship or satisfaction with social life; (2) has only a slight effect on the perception of the best-friend relationship; (3) has a somewhat greater effect on the experience of the best-friend relationship. These results are interpreted and shown to lend some support to the object relation theory.


This study focuses on the assessment of water quality at seven sampling points along the Pazundaung Creek in Yangon. Moreover, the determination of BOD, COD, DO, TH, EC, Cu, Cl, TDS, pH, turbidity and temperature were carried out. Water samples had been collected in February, March, April and May. According to the findings of this study, the water quality of Pazundaung Creek was deteriorated due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization along this creek. Therefore, the sources of these types of wastewater should be carefully controlled by applying the effective waste management systems and appropriate wastewater treatment technologies to prevent the water pollution of this creek. All of the results from sampling analyse were compared with Malaysia Water Quality Standard of class IIA and class IIB. According to the standard limitations of Malaysia Water Quality Standard, this type of surface water needed a conventional treatment process to use as water supply. In the case of fishery, the sensitive aquatic species can survival in these limitations and can also be used for recreational use with body contact.


A general predictive controller based on the subspace model identification method is proposed for vehicle stabilization. Traditional predictive controllers are always developed based on the principle model of vehicles, which inevitably suffers from parameter uncertainty and poor adaptability. In contrast to that, the proposed subspace-based general predictive controller is realized by a data-driven process and presents good adaptability in vehicle stability control. Inspired by subspace-based predictor construction, the keys of the predictive controller are as follows: (1) system model identification according to the model structure of the control object by input and output data; (2) output prediction of the system by the identified model; and (3) optimal control law designed by combining the linear–quadratic–Gaussian index with the predictive output. The main problem in the controller development lies in the recursive estimation of relevant matrices, which is limited by the subspace model identification theory. The implementation of the vector autoregressive with exogenous input model and the propagator method in subspace identification algorithm effectively solves the problem of estimation accuracy and calculation efficiency. Combined with a linear–quadratic–Gaussian index function, the predictive law for vehicle stability control is derived in detail. Finally, based on the vehicle model validated by standard road test, the effectiveness and robustness of the predictive controller are proved through the numerical simulations of various maneuvers under different road adhesive conditions.


The rural environment problem is the ethical crisis that one-sided development view and the anthropocentric values eventually lead to.Farmers' ecological moral idea is closely related to the modes of production and life under particular ecological environment.The rural environment problem prompts people to reflect the value orientation from environmental ethics when human faces the conflict of environment and development and the contradiction between man and nature.The result of a questionnaire survey to farmer's ecological moral condition in three villages of Heyang County in Shaanxi shows that farmers' ecological moral cognition is in low level,their ecological moral emotion is not stable,and their ecological moral behavior and cognitive are not consistent.The cultivation of the farmer's ecological ethics is more and more urgent and necessary.Farmers' ecological moral cultivation become an ethical appeal of rural environmental protection.


Firms participate in network relationships with others to reap the resources that are unavailable within. The resources may consist of goods, services, information, advice or support. The flow of resources into the firm has the potential enhance the capability of a firm to react to the external competitive environment. Generally network relationships can be formal and/or informal. For a small firm, a network is more likely to be informal and have social links to individuals such as family, friends and acquaintances. This paper investigates the network features and networking activities of the small tourism and hospitality owner-managers. The context of the research is the owner-managers of chalet accommodation firms located at the coastal and island destinations in the east of Peninsular Malaysia. The networks are composed of family and ethnic linkages and mainly bounded by specific locality like the 'village'. Informal ties are with those with a common interest in tourism product and services within a destination. The networks contacts for business and social purposes are consisting the same people. Chalet owner-managers attached to family for financial and friends for other matters throughout the business life. This was due to the trust that built through the years of relationships with the strong ties. Furthermore, the main reason for networking with the contacts was for exchange of ideas, advice, and help. The owner-managers found that the networks did not generate tangible benefits, however were strong in knowledge sharing.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate if the treatments with ceftiofur and amoxicillin are risk factors for the emergence of cephalosporin resistant (CR) E. coli in a pig farm during the rearing period. One hundred 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups, a control (n = 50) group and a group parenterally treated with ceftiofur (n = 50). During the fattening period, both groups were subdivided in two. A second treatment with amoxicillin was administered in feed to two of the four groups, as follows: group 1 (untreated, n = 20), group 2 (treated with amoxicillin, n = 26), group 3 (treated with ceftiofur, n = 20), and group 4 (treated with ceftiofur and amoxicillin, n = 26). During treatment with ceftiofur, fecal samples were collected before treatment (day 0) and at days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 42 posttreatment, whereas with amoxicillin, the sampling was extended 73 days posttreatment. CR E. coli bacteria were selected on MacConkey agar with ceftriaxone (1 mg/liter). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MICs of 14 antimicrobials, the presence of cephalosporin resistance genes, and replicon typing of plasmids were analyzed. Both treatments generated an increase in the prevalence of CR E. coli, which was statistically significant in the treated groups. Resistance diminished after treatment. A total of 47 CR E. coli isolates were recovered during the study period; of these, 15 contained bla CTX-M-1, 10 contained bla CTX-M-14, 4 contained bla CTX-M-9, 2 contained bla CTX-M-15, and 5 contained bla SHV-12. The treatment with ceftiofur and amoxicillin was associated with the emergence of CR E. coli during the course of the treatment. However, by the time of finishing, CR E. coli bacteria were not recovered from the animals.


A bi-level optimization model for the logistics UAV air route network capacity evaluation based on traffic flow allocation is designed in order to meet the future trend of large-scale and normalized operation of logistics UAVs. The maximum sorties of logistics UAVs that can be served by the air route network are the upper-bound model objective, namely, the maximum flow of the logistics UAV air route network. The impedance function is constructed by considering safety and efficiency factors, and the lower-bound model objective function with the minimum logistics UAV air route network impedance value. An improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is combined with the method of the successive algorithm(MSA) for solving the bi-level optimization model. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm, a simplified logistics UAV air route network is built. The results show that the proposed algorithm obtains reliable results after 26 iterations, and most segments capacity utilization rate is more than 70%. Parametric analysis of safe separation and algorithm population size shows that the capacity of logistics UAV air route network decreases with the increase of safe separation and the decreasing trend is gradually slowed down, and the optimal algorithm population size corresponding to different safe separations also varies. Based on the study described above, a logistics UAV air route network based on actual geographic information data is constructed, and the experimental results demonstrate that the suggested technique could be used to a specific scale of logistics UAV route network capacity evaluation and had validity.


The surface electromyography (sEMG) signals contain a large amount of physiological information reflecting the body's motor intention. The use of sEMG signals for gesture recognition has received a lot of attention in both robotics and rehabilitation fields. Most of the current studies on gesture recognition based on sEMG signals obtain discrete gestures by classification, ignoring the continuous natural motion. In this paper, a continuous gesture recognition and force estimation method is proposed based on sEMG signals. To establish a foundation for this approach, sEMG sensors are thoughtfully positioned on the forearm's surface, guided by considerations of physiological structure and muscular function. The finger curvature is proposed to describe the gesture state, and the gesture changes at different moments can be represented by the set of finger curvatures of different fingers, thus achieving continuous gesture recognition. Muscle force estimation was performed while recognizing gestures under different force partterns. A multi-stream convolutional neural network (MSCNN) is used to model finger curvature with sEMG to achieve gesture recognition, and Long short-term memory (LSTM) is used for muscle force estimation due to it is able to capture the temporal relationship during muscle force generation. The experimental results show that the average Pearson correlation coefficient (CC) and root-meansquare error (RMSE) of gesture recognition are 0.84 and 0.11, respectively, and the coefficient of determination $(R^{2}) $ of muscle force estimation is 0.92. The whole scheme achieves the simultaneous estimation of gesture and muscle force, which can well meet the needs in the field of prosthetic control and rehabilitation assistance.


A seismic hazard analysis was conducted for a site in Papua New Guinea which is located in a seismically-active region that experiences frequent large earthquakes generated by crustal and subduction sources. A suite of ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) was developed for each source type (crustal, interface and in-slab) using the scaled-backbone approach. To this end, a ground-motion database consisting of events of 4.0<Mw<8.0 was compiled from available local and regional monitoring stations. Ground motions were classified based on the source type and converted to a common reference site condition. The site-corrected motions were compared against alternative GMPEs to examine residual trends between observed and predicted amplitudes. A backbone model that represents the best estimate of the median ground motions for each source type was selected. The backbone models were then adjusted to the median of the ground motions observed at the study site.


Web-cam has becomes a standard configuration for personal computer, as computer vision technology been developing. and with improving speed of computing, there need more algorithms to achieve computer vision for serving huamn daily life, what our finall goal is to make computer as human to see the world and recognize every thing in the world and also can understand human thinking according to human expression. In this paper, we will present a novel electronic head mouse control system which is based on algorithm to recongize human facial mout feature. In the system, we firstly detect human face in YCbCr Color space, and then detect mouth region in detected face region, for detected mouth position, mouth lip region gray level is usually lower than other region but V level higher than others, so we can reversal mouth region gray level and use associated threshold method to pick up mouth region pixels. Relationship between mouth position and face region boundary can be used to confirm human position of mouth which is correspond to camera, this information can be applied to achieve mouse controlling. Then throughing analysising mouth shape information, we can confirm mouth motion command for mouse. We have carried out the algorithm on windows XP system to evaluate the efficient of the algorithm. The simulation result showed that our algorithm can represent a good effect for head mouse control system.


An automatic vending machine cargo transfer system, comprising a first cabinet and a second cabinet, the cabinet interior is provided with a first article transport device, the second control unit is provided with built-in cabinet, the first cabinet mounting a first temperature within the cabinet and a second cabinet temperature, the first temperature is provided with a first conveyor belt cabinet, the cabinet is provided with a second temperature of the second conveyor belt, disposed on said first and second belts commodity, the cargo transfer apparatus comprises a pushing unit, the control unit drives the transmission means slidably goods cabinet to a first temperature, the first conveyor belt to the commodities transport cargo transfer apparatus, the control unit drives the slide to the cargo transfer apparatus a second temperature cabinet, the control unit drives the pushing means pushing the second product temperature cabinet, said second conveyor belt to transport goods to a second temperature cabinet.


Honghuapu intrusions in the west segment of Northern Qinling Mountains are dominated by tonalite with medium-fine-granular structure,which carry the geochemic characteristics of subduction-related granitic rocks.Zircons obtained from Honghuapu intrusions can be divided into three groups according to the shapes and CL images.Based on the results of LA-ICPMS dating of zircon U-Pb isotope,we get three ages of(1,765.1±8.4)Ma,(450.5±1.8)Ma and(413.5±1.3)Ma,these ages indicate different formation age of hereditary zircons,magmatic crystallization zircons and metamorphic zircons,which may represent three tectonic-thermal events coincide to Luliang Movement and Caledonia Movement respectively.Whereas,the age of(450.5±1.8)Ma is the formation age of Honghuapu intrusions and also implies the formation age of Early Paleozoic(island) arcs in Northern Qinling.These new LA-ICPMS datings of zircon U-Pb have great significance to the study of Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic tectonic framework,evolution and dynamic mechanism of Qinling Mountains.


This book' has been an unconscionable time arriving. I first heard tell of it a decade ago as an Oxford undergraduate; rumours of its imminence (in that geological sense of imminence peculiar to academic publishing) reached me while a student in Cambridge a couple of years on; and I saw samizdat pages from some of its parts a little later still (when, I was reliably informed, it was virtually in the press). And, so I discovered, the saga of the Great Work on Herophilus had been going on for a good deal longer than that. All that was at least five years ago for a while it seemed as though the rest was going to be silence (although by this time, naturally, the book was turning up in various bibliographies as 'forthcoming'; usually, infuriatingly, with titles different from that under which it finally forthcame). So, when Heinrich von Staden himself assured me a couple of years ago, while sipping a beer on a Madrid pavement at an unofficial and hence particularly pleasant session of a conference on Galen, that the book's debut was indeed only a matter of months away, it is perhaps understandable that I viewed this assurance with a certain scepticism. But it has come out at last: and the wait has been worthwhile. This is, quite simply, a magnificent piece of work; ground-breaking and painstaking scholarship combined with judicious interpretation and an enviable knowledge of the vast corpus of ancient medicine to create something which is in the best sense of the word definitive. We will not need another edition of Herophilus for a long time to come.


This paper will review the mass spectrometric analysis of inorganic materials that are solid a t room temperature. With the advent of semiconductor research, this field has rapidly increased in importance during the past two decades and has by now become one of the major applications of mass spectrometry. Based on the early work by Dempster,' several methods have been developed which permit (1) bulk analyses of milligram samples of inorganic solids for trace impurities a t the parts-per-billion (ppb) level; (2) the determination of surface composition; and (3) inhomogeneity studies in microvolumes of solids. There are a number of parameters that determine the choice of a particular method. Among them are: sensitivity, accuracy, speed, coverage, sample size, bulk vs. surface impurities, inhomogeneous impurity distribution, and prerequisite chemical handling. Of these, the most important is doubtless sensitiuzty, because bulk impurities a t the ppb level determine the properties of a semiconducting solid. While high accuracy is obviously desirable, it may often be traded for sensitivity. Speed is an important consideration it there are many samples to be analyzed. Thus, an analysis should preferably be done in a few hours, but must not exceed a few days if the method is t o be of practical value. The term coverage indicates how many impurities the method can detect; the most desirable method covers most of the elements of the periodic table with high, uniform sensitivity. Sample size is of some importance, but for most solid state applications does not present a serious problem, since adequate quantities of material are usually available for the analysis. Most methods will analyze for either bulk or surface impurities, but not for both. While to date most problems have called for the determination of impurities in the bulk, recently there has been a greatly increased interest in the production and study of clean surfaces in connection with problems in semiconductor physics and chemistry. The location of impurities in the matrix, of great practical importance to materials research, requires the analysis of microuolumes. Finally, in certain cases i t is necessary to employ chemical preconcentration which, however, may introduce impurities into the sample.