Gérard Prunier is one of the world's leading experts on Africa, and has previously written about the conditions for, and conduct of, conflicts characterized by atrocity. It is no surprise, then, to discover that he has written another excellent account of an awful situation. That situation compares, in many ways, not so much with the conflicts he has described in other parts of Africa, but with the Yugoslav War, where the strategy of ethnic cleansing was used to remove population groups through demonstrative killing, violent abuse, forcible expulsion, and the fear that each of those prospects induced. As in the Yugoslav lands, these actions have generated public debate over whether the term "genocide" is appropriate to describe what is taking place. Prunier's examination of Sudan's history, society, ethnic composition, and politics is completely authoritative, and seems unmatchable. He traces the roots of contemporary troubles from the late medieval period, when (sometime in the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century) the independent Sultanate of Darfur was created. It remained independent until 1916, aside from a few years under British subjection in the 1880s. Prunier links the traditional use of horses to the cleansing campaigns of 2004–2005. He explores the ethnic composition of Darfur, showing that it is far more complex than the "Arabs" versus "Blacks" division commonly used to characterize the conflict. He likewise points out that the same complexity and blurring applies to the conflict between the "Muslim" north and the "Christian" south of Sudan, in which a somewhat fragile peace accord had been reached just before Darfur erupted. Indeed, the events in Darfur were intrinsically linked to the north–south conflict, via Khartoum's politics. While many factors inevitably contribute to situations of political violence, Prunier carefully shows how concerns about the southern peace combined with the decision of Hasan al-Turabi, who had been ousted as ideologue of the Sudanese regime, to form an alliance based on loyalty from provincial party members—particularly those from Darfur, with whom a new political force was formed, the Mutammar al-Watani ash-Shabyi. This proceeded, in 2001, to sign an alliance with the southern rebels, the Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA). Thus, when Libyan external involvement linked to Chad is thrown into the pot, it becomes easier to understand that events in Darfur were not simply a strange, organic outpouring of ethnic hostility between "Arabs" and "Blacks." Prunier declares it "a mistake to think that Turabi Journal of Genocide Research (2006), 8(1), March, 83–103


The Bayesian self-organizing map (BSOM) has typically been used for density estimation. In this study, we implemented an adaptation of the model for performing unsupervized and supervised classification. In order to determine the optimal number of neurons to represent the given dataset during the learning process, an extended Bayesian learning process is proposed called the growing BSOM. It starts with two neurons and adds new neurons to the network via a process in which the neuron with the lowest individual log-likelihood is identified. The system has been tested using three synthetic datasets and one real dataset. The experimental results suggest that the BSOM-based approach can achieve better classification performance in comparisons to several widely-used models such as k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM). By using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) as a stopping criterion, the growing BSOM can model the data under study and estimate the number of clusters.


A general laboratory bioassay method of Woodward and Pearce (1985) was adopted to detect
anti-fungal activity of sapwood or heartwood extractives of 5 Malaysian hardwoods [dark red
meranti heartwood (Shorea spp.), red balau heartwood (Shorea spp.), kulim heartwood
(Scorodocarpus borneensis), jelutong sapwood (Dyera costulata) and rubberwood sapwood
(Hevea brasiliensis), including the temperate Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine sapwood). The
heartwoods of these species and Scots pine sapwood are known to be highly resistant to decay by
soft-rotting Ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi (about 1-7% wood mass loss), while the
sapwoods of rubberwood and jelutong had much reduced soft rot resistance (respectively 35,
32% wood mass loss) but obviously prone to sapstain and mold attack, including that of Scots
pine. Crude methanol extracts of woodmeal samples of each wood species were loaded on to
thin-layer chromatography plates at between 0.003 and 0.1 g fresh mass equivalent of woodmeal
per spot so as to optimize resolution of separated compounds, and developed with
chloroform:methanol solvent (ratio 19:1). The dried plates were sprayed with fresh fungal spores
of Cladosporium cucumerinum and incubated at >90% RH for 5 days in the dark. Presence of
anti-fungal compounds was revealed by white regions along the solvent transect for each extract
of each species where inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of C. cucumerinum
occurred. Comparisons of anti-fungal activity of extracts between species and between sapwood
and heartwood were made. Results revealed that several zones of inhibitory activity, indicated by
their Rf-values, were clearly visible on chromatographic separations of methanol extracts of
these 5 wood species. The inhibitory zones for 2 heartwood extracts (except kulim) did not move
from the origin which was also resistant to infection. However inhibition zones were also
detected for the sapwoods of rubberwood, jelutong and Scots pine against C. cucumerinum
despite the known sapstain and decay susceptibility of these wood substrates. The presence of
hitherto unidentified anti-fungal compounds in the sapwoods of these species may elicit limited
potency or narrow spectrum protection from fungal infection and onset of stain or decay.


The Caucasus is one of the outstanding regions for the Middle East and the whole world. The special importance of this region is determined by the geostrategic location, ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious diversity. The interstate relations and internal state situation in the Caucasus region are especially noteworthy. The rate of stable development of the region has changed significantly in the recent period, which was determined by the actions of external entities along with regional processes. The stable political and economic situation of the region at the end of the XX century and even today is delayed by the existing conflicts between the states. This is the kind of problem that Karabakh has between Armenia and Azerbaijan. New political-strategic orientation are being formed in the Caucasus. The fact is that the fate of the conflicts between the countries of the region, the political or economic visions of the states will still have to be reconsidered.


Container (10) of multiple components comprising a base (12) of the receptacle having a bottom (16) closed and a peripheral wall (18) extending upwardly from said bottom, ending said base wall at an edge ( 20) than remote from said bottom, and a ring (14) telescopically coupled with said wall (18) of the base, such that one of said base and said ring defines an outer component, and the other of said base and said ring defines an inner component, said ring (14) having an edge (24) lower spaced below said edge (26) above said base wall and above said base bottom, said ring (14) an upper edge spaced above said edge (20) above said base wall, whereby said ring defines an upper extension of said wall (18) of the base and three zones are defined, a first zone (28) It comprising the base below the ring, a second zone (30) co mprende the base and the overlying ring, and a third zone (32) comprising the ring above the base wall, wherein said inner component is visible through said outer component, and said base and said ring each have one a built in the same color, whereby said first (28) and third zones (32) are the colors of the base (12) and ring (14) respectively; and said second zone is of a color defined by the overlapping colors of the base and ring.


Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in most countries globally and calls have been made for strategies to reverse this unhealthy trend. Early prevention of obesity, that is, developing effective prevention and intervention programmes for the formative preschool years, is seen as one essential step in combating the obesity epidemic across the lifespan. The preschool years have been identified as a critical period in childhood for the development of childhood obesity because the eating and physical activity habits that contribute to later obesity become established during these formative years. Targeting preschool-aged children is central to preventing obesity because development at this life stage is more malleable than it is in later childhood and adolescence, and risk factors of overweight can be more easily modified. Strong evidence supports a role of non-modifiable genetic factors in energy storage patterns, but these are insufficient to explain the increase in childhood overweight in recent years. Given that child weight is a multi-determined characteristic, researchers now argue that obesity prevention/intervention strategies must target multiple determinants of child risk factors for overweight and obesity (i.e. increase in high-calorie, poor nutrient food consumption, increase in sedentary behaviours, and a lack of physical activity). The primary social force influencing preschool children is the family; consequently, many of the determinants of risk factors for overweight and obesity in the preschool years are likely to have roots within the family context. Indeed, experts in the area of childhood obesity and child health suggest that prevention of overweight in the preschool years should focus on parents, and in particular on mothers, given that parental beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and behaviours appear to impact significantly in the development of early overweight. Given that most childhood obesity prevention programmes have focused on schoolaged children with little success, there is an urgent need to develop and test the effectiveness of prevention programmes for children at the preschool age. However, as researchers we can only design effective prevention strategies when models of risk factors during these years have been examined systematically and rigorously and the interplay between risk factors is well understood. This special issue invited papers on the parental influences of childhood obesity. Eleven peer-reviewed papers are presented that extend our knowledge and contribute significantly to this important area of research, albeit more research is needed urgently to combat the alarming prevalence rates of childhood obesity, and rates of overweight and obesity in preschool children specifically. I applaud the researchers here who are invested in this cause.


(60) Provisional application No. 61/772,989, filed on Mar. metadata channel may be extracted from a video stream and 5, 2013. displayed to a user when the user clicks on the corresponding object. A device may take a video input, analyze it, and Publication Classification recognize the video. The device may look up said video in a database of tagged videos, output as an overlay or separate (51) Int. Cl. window to a video display device stream with information H4N2L/858 (2006.01) about the item. A user interface device may allow a user to H4N2L/4725 (2006.01) select objects on a video screen and select and choose said H4N2L/8 (2006.01) object for integration with the other components of the sys H4N2L/2668 (2006.01) tem.


Along with the extensive application of the Internet, the safe problem of the network service system also faces the more and more big danger. This paper study and design the backup document seeking and automatic precision recovery. This research give the powerful sustain for disaster recovery system.


In emergency logistics transport,how to select an optimized combination of transportation modes is a difficult problem.On the basis of mathematical model for multi-object optimization of transportation mode selection,this paper presented a virtual transportation network and Floyd algorithm to solve this problem.Experimental calculations were made.They demonstrated that using this algorithm could effectively solve the problem.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, micro-electrolysis involves pretreatment of dyeing wastewater. After dyeing wastewater distal grid, pooling the adjusted continuously into the fluidized bed reactor micro-electrolysis, under its own basicity, direct contact with the micro-electrolysis fillers, reactive, powdered activated carbon in the reactor is maintained at a concentration of 200ppm-5000ppm, 20-400 and continuous dosing object aluminum reactor, adding an amount of 30ppm-600ppm, aeration or stirring 30min or more, the flow of the micro-electrolysis filler always evenly distributed within the reactor, the mixture was purified by flash precipitation separating the supernatant into the secondary processing unit, the precipitate residue is refluxed to the front end of the bottom tank reactor continued reuse. The method of the present invention is a powder filler surface area, high efficiency system; the system operates in a fluidized bed, to avoid compaction, clogging problems arise; return system of the micro-electrolysis filler repeated, full use of the filler is used in an amount in.


Background: Brown tumours are expansile osteolytic lesions of bone, occurring in Hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumours occur most commonly
in ribs, clavicle, long bones and pelvis and are uncommon in other facial bones except mandible. Other facial bones are rarely affected. Brown
tumors are due to the direct effect of the parathyroid hormone. Brown tumors occur more with primary hyperparathyroidism than secondary.
However, they are reported more in secondary hyperparathyroidism. In primary hyperparathyroidism, a parathyroid adenoma is a cause in 81%
while other causes include hyperplasia in 15% and parathyroid carcinoma only in 4%. We present a case report of maxillary Brown tumor due to
parathyroid carcinoma in an elderly male patient.
Case Report: A 67-year-old male presented with right maxillary swelling increasing in size for the last few months associated with ipsilateral nasal
block and right eye epiphora. The contrast CT scan of paranasal sinuses and neck revealed a large expansile right maxillary tumor aggressively
eroding maxillary wall with extension into the orbital oor, ethmoid, sphenoid sinuses, nasal cavity, and oral cavity with the erosion of hard palate
and soft tissue extension to subcutaneous Plane. A three cm sized soft tissue density lesion was also noted posterior to the right thyroid lobe in CT
sections of the neck.
Blood prole was normal except extremely high serum parathormone and calcium as well as mildly elevated serum creatinine (S. PTH 3437
pg./ml. S. Ca. 19 mg%. S. Creatinine 1.77mg%.) Ultrasonography of the abdomen also revealed calcication in the renal medulla.
Right lower parathyroidectomy was done with the frozen section as well as the Intraoperative Rapid PTH assay. The PTH level was reduced by 90
percent of the original value. The nal histopathology was suggestive of parathyroid carcinoma.
Summary: The patient was under regular surveillance, as the maxillary tumor was under remittance after the resection of parathyroid carcinoma.
Parathyroid carcinoma is a very rare tumor and involvement of maxillary bone due to primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid carcinoma is
also uncommon.


Bubble columns – present knowledge and future trends. Considering the abundance of phenomenological and empirical studies on bubble columns, future research and development should place greater emphasis on theory. This paper therefore reports on suggested theoretical concept, new hydrodynamic models, and results of turbulence theory, and considers their potential influence on the development of new reactor models for bubble column reactors.


may be used by marine microorganisms as an important reserduced antibiosis against both gram-positive and gram-negative test organisms, /I-ketoglutarate as a supplement was inactive against both test organisms. We conclude that there may be a chiral specificity for the 5C compound, a-ketoglutarate, for the observed antimicrobial stimulation. Low molecular weight carboxylic acids are produced and consumed during the TCA cycle and glycolysis, so these compounds are ubiquitous in marine organisms. Moreover, phytoplankton release a significant fraction of their fixed carbon into seawater as low molecular weight carboxylic acids; e.g., oxaloacetate and a-ketoglutarate (2). Therefore, these classes of or-


The aim of this experiment was examine the quality and hygienic correctness of goat milk in Skopje region, R. of Macedonia. The researches were conducted on 3 goat farms: "Taor", "Kozhle" and "Ajvatovci" the villages near by the Skopje, R. Macedonia. The experiment included 9 milk samples per each farm, in period April (total 27 samples) and the same situation in May 2015 year. Average Milk Fat Content (AMFC) and Average Milk Protein Content (AMPC) in the three goat farms in month April/2015 were 3.68% and 3.34 respectively, but AMFC and AMPC in the three goat farm in month May/2015 were 3.74% and 3.23% respectively. Average Somatic Cells Content (ASCC) in the three goat farm in month April/2015 were 924.667/ml milk and Average Somatic Cells Content (ASCC) in the three goat farm in month May/2015 were 518.667/ml milk. Average Bacteria Content (ABC) in the three goat farm in month April/2015 were 1.688.667/ml milk, Average Bacteria Content (ABC) in the three goat farm in month May/2015 were 1.517.333/ml milk. About chemical composition of goat milk in Skopje region is in correlation of article 7 from Regulation for quality of raw milk (Gazette of RM No. 96/11), the same situation is about somatic cells in goat milk in Skopje region. But about the total number of bacteria of goat milk in Skopje region the results are not in correlation with Regulation for microbiological quality of raw milk and classified goat milk in the II class of quality. This work attemps to present the quality and hygienic correctness of goat milk in Скопје region and future measures to better quality of goat milk.


Diagnosing Hirschprung's disease is one of the clinical challenges of this disorder. In the stomach and the intestines, Cathepsin D was readily detected in cytoplasm of the rat gastric and in intestinal ganglion cells of the autonomic nervous system. The objectives of the present study were to examine cathepsin D expression in ganglion cells of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestine of children and to determine the utility of immunohistochemical staining of cathepsin D for detection of immature ganglion cells. Paraffin blocks of 35 intestinal segments were reviewed for immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal antibody to cathepsin D and hematoxylin-eosin stainings from the compatible specimens. There were 9 aganglionic segments and 9 ganglionic segments of neonates with Hirschsprung's disease, 8 intestinal segments with non-Hirschsprung's disease in neonates and 9 intestinal segments with non-Hirschsprung's disease infants over the age of 10 months. All ganglion cells showed intense granular cytoplasmic reactivity for cathepsin D regardless of maturity and all aganglionic segments had no expression for cathepsin D in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestine. However, histiocytes within the laminar propria and submucosa stained positively for cathepsin D. In conclusion, intestinal ganglion cells in children have reactivity for cathepsin D, threrfore immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin D can be used for identification of ganglion cells in neonates.


Piracy is a big threat to the original contents. This multi-model approach interleaves some frequency domain watermarking strategies to counteract shortcomings of one strategy by the advantages of other. The original image is divided into spatially disjoint blocks. Watermarking is a way of embedding a mark that hides information in a multimedia carrier. Major issues in Image watermarking are to increase the robustness visual attacks. In this paper, a Review of different watermarking technique are analyzed.


A simple structure of Ta/CoFe/Os(d)/OsMn is deposited by HV sputtering system, where d varies from 0 to 2 nm. After deposition, all samples are subjected to magnetic field annealing at 1 kOe and at different temperatures for 30 minutes. No diffusion evidence is found from the Auger electron spectroscopy depth profile and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements for samples with d=1 and 2 nm annealed below 300/spl deg/C. This result suggests that the inserted osmium layer prevents Mn diffusion into the magnetic CoFe layer.


Abstract This article examines the question of the existence of waves on the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) over West Africa. The TEJ is a well-known feature of the Asian monsoon and waves on the jet have been implicated in various weather phenomena. Its role in West African meteorology has received little attention. A model simulation of wet and dry years over West Africa predicted wave development on the TEJ. NCEP reanalysis data confirmed the existence of these waves, using case studies in the dry year 1983 and the wet year 1950. Both the simulated and observed waves are of planetary scale, with a period of 5–6 days. Potential vorticity (PV) theory suggests that they develop via interactions between the surface and the TEJ. Overall, the results suggest that interactions between the TEJ and African easterly jet play an important role in the development of wave disturbances over West Africa.


The production of paraffin-base crude is expensive and more complex then of other oil types. In northern Serbia, where majority of oil and gas fields are located, about 25% of oil production accounts for the high paraffin oil. During this oil type production, the paraffin deposition occurs in tubing's upper zone, ranging from 700 m depth upwards. In this article is presented original way of heating cable application, for solving paraffin deposition problem in tubing that can be easy and quickly installed in the well. Paraffin deposition problem is solved by heating, and at the same time the increased temperature causes the oil viscosity reduction resulting with improved oil flow rate. Application of this method and the results are exemplified by the flowing well B-3 where are used two different heating cables. This method, which is very successfully solves the problem of paraffin deposition in the tubing, can also be applied to wells producing by different artificial lift methods.


Many states and districts are moving toward more targeted compensation policies as a way to attract higher quality candidates into the teaching profession and to encourage increases in productivity among current teachers. Rather than align pay increases only to level of education and years of experience, for example, many school systems have started to tie pay increases or bonuses to National Board Certification (NBC). But the practice has been questioned, in part because of a lack of empirical evidence that NBC is an effective signal of teaching quality. The present study uses data from a large urban school district to examine the association between student gains in mathematics in the ninth and tenth grades, NBC, and other indicators of teacher quality. Based on a variety of different specifications and student subsamples, we find robust evidence that NBC is an effective indicator of teacher quality. 1 Funding for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant REC 0107014, and by the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards. I thank them for their financial support. I also thank Miami-Dade County Public Schools for granting permission to use their data, and district administrators for their time and effort in the preparation of data used in this study. The results reported here do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, NBPTS, or the school district. I thank Robert Shuford, Linda Marr and Leslie Patterson for excellent research assistance, and Joseph Guzman, Daniel Burke, Michael Hansen, Jennie Wenger, and Tomas Husted for helpful comments and suggestions. Any errors are solely those of the author.


A predictive Bayesian model selection approach is presented to discriminate coupled models used to predict an unobserved quantity of interest (QoI). The need for accurate predictions arises in a variety of critical applications such as climate, aerospace and defense. A model problem is introduced to study the prediction yielded by the coupling of two physics/sub-components. For each single physics domain, a set of model classes and a set of sensor observations are available. A goal-oriented algorithm using a predictive approach to Bayesian model selection is then used to select the combination of single physics models that best predict the QoI. It is shown that the best coupled model for prediction is the one that provides the most robust predictive distribution for the QoI.


............................................... xix INTRODUCTION............................................ 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE.................................... 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................. 26 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS.................................... 34 I. Experiments on Stage of Maturity.................... 34 A. 1960 Experiments.............................. 34 1. Influence of Maturity on General Appearance of Peas................................ 34 2. Influence of Maturity on Reduced Ascorbic Acid Content............................ 38 B. 1961 Experiments.............................. 41 1. The Influence of Maturity on the General Ap pearance of Purple Hull Peas at Harvest . . 42 2. The Influence of Maturity of Purple Hull Peas Held at Room Temperature Upon the Dry Mat ter and Ascorbic Acid


The article notes that quality service requires quality products, and describes how the railway industry is striving to put more quality into quality control programs. Railroads are striving to buy quality products and sell quality service. Such roads as Conrail and Norfolk Southern have developed lists of certified quality vendors. Every major railroad and several smaller carriers are promoting dependability, reliability, damage-free transportation, personalized service, and quick response among other service. The article describes how Conrail and Burlington Northern are streamlining the quality certification process. Rating systems that are being used are discussed. Legal aspects of a joint approach to the problem is also discussed.


Regular physical activity is an important factor in the regulation of body weight. Regular physical training generally results in a decrease in fatness and an increase in fat-free mass (FFM), although the data for FFM are limited largely to males.' Limited data are also available concerning free-living children and adolescents from the general population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different levels of physical activity and body composition in adolescent boys and girls.


Domain oriented negotiation is the emergent functionality of automated E-Commerce. There are several model deployed by various researcher in there automated E-Commerce model for domain oriented negotiation strategies. In this research review paper we provide a review on various negotiation models which are deployed in various domain oriented negotiation. Keywords-Negotiation, Agent, multi-agent trust, Data mining, Cognitive, Co-operation.


It is the purpose of this article to present several graphic examples of key relationships in the subject of phase equilibria.


(57) Abstract: independent of content displayed on an operating system monitor, provides a technique for controlling the image display in addition to this content, alternate display content controller. If the display is a computer monitor, the alternate display content controller interacts with the computer utilities operating system and hardware drivers to control the allocation of display space, one or more parallel adjacent to the operating system desktop creating and controlling type graphical user interface. Another display content controller may be incorporated into either hardware or software. For software, alternative display content controller may include there obtained, or an operating system kernel application running on the computer operating system.


Different magnetron sputter geometries and modes for the deposition of optical coatings are presented. Examples of AR- and filter coatings are given demonstrating the high potential of this technology for different applications.


ABSTRACT In the bodybuilding and fitness communities, anecdotal evidence suggests that some take 'steroid holidays', traveling to and living in foreign countries so as to have greater access to performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs). This study aimed to explore this phenomenon. Discussions in bodybuilding, fitness, and PIED forums formed the basis of this study. Several websites were identified and keyword searches were used to identify potential 'threads', which were downloaded and thematically analyzed. Twenty-two threads consisting of 254 posts from 188 individual forum members were included. Two themes were identified: (1) Product purchasing and (2) Logistics. In the first theme, the purchase of the products for individual use was a key feature, with their motivations centered on perceptions of legality, purity, and risk. In the second theme, discussions focused those members who sought to use the PIEDs they sourced in a foreign country within that country versus using foreign-sourced PIEDs in Australia. The perception that steroids may be cheaper, more readily accessible, or of better quality in countries in close proximity to Australia may lead some to travel to low- or middle-income countries to use or access PIEDs which could lead to legal and health risks.


This paper presents a decision tool for the optimisation of wind turbine technical parameters, using a multiphysical model of the power system. This includes a multiphysical modelling of aerodynamical, mechanical and electromechanical system behaviours. The aerodynamics is based on a blade element momentum model. A mass model of wind turbines components is also used in this paper. The optimisation is performed with NSGA-II algorithm which may choose technical parameters (blade length, transmission ratio or electro-mechanical coefficient in this example) to maximise performances indicators (in this example the output electrical power and the wind turbine mass). The results provide a wide range of solutions that are the best compromises between the performances indicators chosen. The diversity in terms of parameters allows great latitude in the design of wind turbine.


The interest in improving the quality of engineering education is widely deemed. Due to an increasingly worldwide competition, Lean Manufacturing (LM) has been a relevant subject among industrial engineering graduate programs. Despite the advances in teaching LM principles and techniques, the practical character inherent to LM undermines learning and development of students. In this sense, this study aims at demonstrating a proposal to enhance LM learning in an industrial engineering program. It is a blended proposal that combines traditional teaching methods to problem-based learning (PBL) approach based on real problems of companies undergoing a lean implementation. A first phase of the proposal introduction is illustrated with an example of introducing it in a Brazilian federal university. The findings indicate that PBL may be an effective complementary method for LM learning, especially if graduate students are exposed to real problems in companies that are undergoing a lean implementation and related it to the current body of literature.


The classification of tissue samples based on gene expression data is an important problem in medical diagnosis of diseases.In gene expression data,the number of genes is usually very high(in the thousands) compared to the number of data samples(in the tens);that is,the data dimension is large compared to the number of data points(such is undersampled problem).Too high dimension(the number of features or genes) makes the task of classification quite challenging.This paper presents that ULDA and SVM are combined to classify colon tissue samples.Compared to other methods,the effect of classification is improved,the results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.


The electronic technology develops rapidly with the development of economic technology. But the actual teaching of electronic technology lags far behind the pace of The Times, the content is old, the Traditional teaching methods cant not meet the need of the times. The urgent task is to reform. The focus is cultivating comprehensive and innovative talents as a teaching work.


INTRODUCTION The Summitville mine, located in the southeastern San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado (Fig. 1), has received considerable attention as a result of environmental problems related to mining activities. Summitville Consolidated Mining Company, Inc. (SCMCI), a subsidiary of Galactic Resources of Canada, operated an open-pit gold mine at Summitville (Fig. 2) during the period from 1985 to 1992. Environmental remediation was underway by SCMCI when the mine was abandoned in December, 1992, and SCMCI declared bankruptcy. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) took over the mine site under Superfund Emergency Response authority, and intensified remediation efforts. Summitville was added to the Superfund National Priorities List in May, 1994. The EPA continues to monitor the site and treat acidand metalrich waters emanating from the mine. The EPA has plugged the major acid-mine drainage sources (the Reynolds and Chandler adits), and has moved several waste piles back into the open pit including the Cropsy waste dump, Beaver mud dumps, and Cleveland Cliff tailings. Cyanide solutions in the heap leach pad were also treated by the EPA.


In IT field, maintaining confidentiality and privacy of data is very important for decision making. And there is need of exchanging certain data and published with respect to the demand. The information that is to be exchanged contains private and sensitive information which moves between various parties and this may violate the privacy of data. Thus, privacy preservation of information in its accurate form while moving between various parties, my goal is providing mechanism that will not allow the unauthenticated user to modify the data known as k_anonymous technique. Two protocols are used in this application that will solve this problem based on two methods suppression and generalization. Some cryptographic assumptions are made to use these protocols, and theoretical analysis is provided to prove their experimental results that illustrate their efficiency.


This paper expounds the important functions of university library in cultivating the comprehensive quality of university students from three aspects of the ideological and political education function, scientific research education function and information function of university library.


Abstract The fixed-points theory has its root dating back to 1932. Hahnkamm suggested that there are two fixed points in the undamped primary structure's frequency response function (FRF) for the two-degree-of-freedom system when a harmonic force is applied to the primary mass. These points are independent of the damping value in the auxiliary system, which is the control system, and their heights are mainly determined by the mass ratio of the device. The desired optimum value of the tuning ratio is obtained when the heights of the fixed points are equal. Fourteen years later, Brock suggested that the optimum value of the damping ratio in the control device can be determined by making the height of the fixed points the maximum. Since then, the fixed-points theory has been used in many applications as one of the design laws in fabricating a vibration neutralizer. In this article, the theory is reformulated by using the conventional definition of the damping ratio. It is proved that the same result can be obtained as in the original derivation. The application of the theory is then extended to the control of global vibration of an undamped continuous structure and is demonstrated on a simply supported beam.


Clove is a type of spice plant that has many benefits. The part that is often used from the clove plant is the flower bud. Usually it will go through a drying process before it is finally consumed or used. The method used to determine land suitability for clove plants is the profile matching method. The data used in determining the suitability of land for clove plants was obtained by using observation and interviews with employees at the address of Kuta Galuh Village, Tiga Ndreget District, Karo Regency. The system for determining land suitability for clove plants was built using a web-based programming language and MySQL database. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of land for clove plants in Tiga Ndreget District, Karo Regency. Calculation of ranking determination The final result of the profile matching process is ranking. Determination of ranking refers to the results of certain calculations. The results of the calculation of the profile matching method include Kuta Galuh Village with a Final Score of 5.02 Ranking 1, Nari Gunung Village with a Final Score of 4.98 Ranking 2, Tanjung Belang Village with a Final Score of 4.56 Ranking 3.


Transmission lines ice cover is a kind of serious natural disasters, is one of the major problems to endanger the safety of transmission lines running.Communication often short-circuit current melting ice is melting ice the problem of insufficient power supply capacity is much, and dc melting technology is a kind of ideal and effective method.The basic theory of dc melting technology was analyzed, and the critical current of melting ice in dc are calculated, the calculated for a specific current 500 kv transmission line of melting ice, and preliminarily determines the melting ice, has carried on the simulation analysis using PSCAD/EMTDC software, in order to confirm the availability and effectiveness.


In the low energy heavy-ion collision, fusion of colliding nuclei and related phenomena has always been of central interest. Lot of research work is being carried out in order to best describe the value of the measured fusion cross section by fitting the nucleus-nucleus interaction potential parameters [1]. The nucleusnucleus interaction potential can be described with large variety of models based on microscopic/macroscopic concept [1, 2]. The most often choice of the nucleus-nucleus interaction potential is Woods-Saxon form of the potential [1, 2] given as


The largest accumulations of rhyolitic melt in the upper crust occur in voluminous silicic crystal mushes, which sometimes erupt as unzoned, crystal-rich ignimbrites, but are most frequently preserved as granodioritic batholiths. After approximately 40–50% crystallization, magmas of intermediate composition (andesite–dacite) typically contain high-SiO2 interstitial melt, similar to crystal-poor rhyolites commonly erupted in mature arc and continental settings. This paper analyzes the feasibility of system-wide extraction of this melt from the mush, a mechanism that can rationalize a number of observations in both the plutonic and volcanic record, such as: (1) abrupt compositional gaps in ignimbrites; (2) the presence of chemically highly evolved bodies at the roof of subvolcanic batholiths; (3) the observed range of ages (up to 200–300 ka) recorded by zircons in silicic magmas; (4) extensive zones of low P-wave velocity in the shallow crust under active silicic calderas. We argue that crystal–melt segregation occurs by a combination of several processes (hindered settling, micro-settling, compaction) once convection is hampered as the rheological locking point of the crystal–melt mixture ( 50 vol. % crystals) is attained. We constrain segregation rates by using hindered settling velocities and compaction rates as endmembers. Time scales estimated for the formation of >500 km of crystal-poor rhyolite range from 10 to 10 years, within the estimated residence times of mushes in the upper crust (>10 years, largely based on U/Th and U/Pb dating). This model provides an integrated picture of silicic magmatism, linking the evolution of plutonic and volcanic systems until storage in the upper crust, where granitoids become the leftovers from rhyolitic eruptions.


An approach to an approximate evaluation of mathematical expectation of nonlinear functionals from solution of stochastic differential equations is developed. The equations with jump components are included. The method is based on functional integral representation of mathematical expectations, substituting some approximations instead of processes and on using approximate formulas of a given accuracy for functional integrals.


There is a presentation of an assay of past, present and future of clinical anatomy in view of anniversary of anatomical education in Irkutsk State Medical University.


This paper considers the problem of locating p facilities on a tree network in order to minimize the maximum distance from a point on the network to its nearest facility. Such a problem might arise, for example, in optimally locating a fixed number of fire hydrants along a street network. The present, paper identifies an underlying min-max theorem that governs such a p -center problem. More specifically, this p-center problem is shown to be equivalent to the "dual" problem of locating p + 1 points on the network so as to maximize the minimum distance between pairs of points.


Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a new technique that is used to obtain cross- sectional images of highly scattering tissue. OCT has been applied to image both architectural and cellular morphologic structures in clinically relevant in vitro human tissues, including the human epiglottis and full-thickness skin. The performance of OCT at 850 nm and 1300 nm is compared. In addition, high numerical aperture OCT enhanced confocal microscopy have potential for non-invasive in vivo diagnosis.


Competition between wildlife and domestic livestock on public lands has long been of concern to the public and to wildlife and land managers. As a result, resource managers in Montana and other states have conducted a number of studies to define the relationship between livestock and wildlife range use patterns. Studies in Montana have documented conflicts in wildlife and domestic livestock range use of public lands. While these studies define conflicts between cattle and wildlife, they do not adequately identify practical approaches to resolve that conflict. To address this issue, the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks began a program in 1977 to combine existing research with sound range management principles. The goal is to design a grazing system that resolves conflicts between domestic livestock and wildlife on summer ranges with specific emphasis on providing abundant, high quality habitat for wildlife, principally elk. The system implemented by the Department on the Mount Haggin Wildlife Management Area incorporates grazing principles described by Hormay (1970). The system was fully opera-


We provide a characterisation of all graphs whose parity binomial edge ideals have pure resolutions. In particular, we show that the minimal free resolution of a parity binomial edge ideal is pure if and only if the corresponding graph is a complete bipartite graph, or a disjoint union of paths and odd cycles.


The paper introduces the lighting design in commercial space,illustrates the improvement of the space functions,the establishment of the space atmosphere,the enhancement of environmental characteristics and the definition of the space features,and points out the development of the commercial exhibition can improve the colorful lighting design,while the development of the colorful lighting design can enrich the commercial exhibition space and improve the development of the design for the commercial exhibition.


Over the last few years, European water policy has been faced with a considerable amount of changes and innovations. Important causes of this are in the first place changing natural circumstances, such as for instance climate change. Secondly, the policy perspective has changed: the concept of `integrated water system management' has been introduced. This means that water policy, more so than was the case before, is geared towards all aspects of the water system in their mutual connection: surface water, ground water, banks, flora and fauna, dams and the technical infrastructure. The ecology is beginning to play an ever more significant role. For


There are many graduate assistants in engineering departments who are assigned to teach an Engineering Economics course at the undergraduate level as their first teaching assignment. Engineering Economics is one of the basic engineering courses in undergraduate engineering education. This course exposes the students to the fundamental concepts of Engineering Economy. Many graduate assistants will have a difficult time in preparing for the course (i.e., how to the structure the classes, what structure the exams should take, what grading policy should be used, what presentation tools and techniques should be used, and many other issues). I have found limited publications based on direct experiences in teaching Engineering Economics for the first time. The purpose of this paper is to discuss options in teaching an undergraduate level Engineering Economics class as they apply to a novice. Graduate students who will be teaching this course for the first time may find this paper useful. This paper presents my first teaching experience (in an Engineering Economics class, and includes my structuring of material to the time available, the structure of exams, the benefits of short quizzes, a grading policy, presentation tools and techniques). This paper presents the benefits that I gained during this teaching experience. Recommendations are made for using the teaching of Engineering Economics by graduate students as a component of their preparation for the professorate.


Objective To study the developmental characteristics of five facial expressions cognition of children aged 1~3 years old.Methods From November 2006 to November 2008,a total of 180 children aged 1~3 years old were recruited from resident children routine health care department in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Foshan Female and Child Health Hospital.They were requested to watch five kinds of normative facial emotional expression pictures which presented on computer screen.The visual attention,self emotional and behavioral responses of each child toward the facial expressions were recorded by a web camera and then were coded and analyzed from the videotaped observations.Results The difference of first-looking time to different expressions was not significant in 1~2 years old children while it was significant in 2~3 years old children.Neither expression nor group effects was obtained for the times of back-look.The first-looking time and the total looking time to expressions in 1~1.5 years old group were shorter than those of other groups( P0.01).The score of both positive and negative responses to different expressions were significantly different in all groups.There was significant difference for the verbal ability(P0.001) and behavior of expression imitating (P0.01) but no obvious difference for behavior of looking back at mother and finger-pointing (P0.05) among groups.Conclusion Children can apperceive and recognize facial expressions with different emotional significance over 1-year-old,and begin to categorize and conceptualize the expressions crudely.


Efforts to solve social problems have made issues such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship increasingly well known. With the objective of carrying out a theoretical survey on the two constructs – social innovation and social entrepreneurship – this article brings an integrative review of articles published in the Scopus database in recent years. Through bibliometric analysis it has been observed that studies on the subject have been in evidence in recent years and that most of them originate in English-speaking countries such as the United States and United Kingdom. Due to the evaluation of the contents, it was found that some articles approach the two constructs in a different way, but for current studies they can be considered complementary subjects. From this cut of the recent scientific production it was possible to verify the importance and necessity of the development of studies in the proposed theme.. 90 Inovação social e empreendedorismo social: uma revisão integrativa DESIGN & INOVAÇÃO SOCIAL


It occurred to me not long ago that each time I read something new I pay special attention, without really meaning to, to how the work projects forward into a future or futures. This has been going...


According to the present situation of domestic software engineering practice teaching and the characteristics of our university,a teaching system of one teaching goal,one core and four levels is put forward to narrowdown the gap between our graduates and the society,The relationships between each practical stages and the training types are distinguished.Finally,some constructive ways to promote practical training are given.


This thesis studies the feasibility of a smartphone embedded system as a navigation control unit for mobile robots. This work may contribute to the advance of the Embedded Systems field by the development of Java embedded solutions that show today's mobile phone capacity when executing complex navigation algorithms for mobile robot control. In this work we used a system composed by a mobile robotic component (Lego's NXT Mindstorms) and a control component executed by smartphones (Nokia N80 and N95). The smartphone is the embedded system that executes navigation algorithms, which were implemented considering known mobile restrictions and limitations, e.g., memory capacity and processing speed. The algorithms implemented for Path Planning, Localization and Mapping were: Potential Fields, Particle Filters and Visual Landmark Recognition, respectively. All implementations were developed using the Java programming language mobile edition (J2ME). The experimental results conducted, verified that, although all the hardware restrictions and the algorithms's mobile adaptation, it was still possible to execute the referred algorithms in real-time and with acceptable results. The system was able to identify landmarks, retrieve possible locations of where it could be present and successfully plan its motion avoiding obstacles. We demonstrate that the current generation of high-end mobile phones are ready to execute such complex and demanding algorithms and therefore be a feasible solution for mobile robot control. With the current capacity, these smartphones can assume other roles and become a more essential part of our lives.


To present the career issues of clients with eating disorders (EDs) from a more holistic perspective, the author gives an overview of EDs, describes the career challenges that such clients may experience, and identifies several theories that may be helpful in conceptualizing their career choices. Suggestions for practice are offered.


Software defined network (SDN) enables efficient and green traffic management by separating the control and data planes. However, the existing itemized scheduling approach is prone to waste of network resources and energy consumption due to the different sensitivity of traffic to time delay. To address these problems, we design a Slime Mould Algorithm based Energy-efficient Traffic Scheduling Method (SMA-ETSM) for SDN. First, we model the traffic scheduling problem with delay requirements to evaluate the decision. Second, in order to minimize the generation of invalid solutions in traffic scheduling, the encoding of the slime mould algorithm is improved, and a slime mould adaptation and update mechanism suitable for energy-efficient traffic scheduling is designed. The experiments show that SMA-ETSM can effectively reduce the energy consumption and improve the overall bandwidth utilization of the network compared with ECMP and ACO algorithm, and it also has some improvement in the operation efficiency compared with the original slime mould algorithm.


Transplants were set Mar 4, 18 inches apart on 3-ft-wide by 6-inch-high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Apr 8, 16, 29, May 6 and 13 with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO2powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 95-125 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On May 20, 30 leaflets containing occupied leafmines (those containing either living, dead or parasitized larvae) were collected from each plot and placed in 1 qt ice cream cartons. The numbers of leafminer larvae that pupated were counted at least 4 wk later. The numbers of undamaged fruit and those damaged by lepidopterous larvae were counted in a single harvest on May 20. After harvest, 5 plants/plot were cut and shaken and the numbers of larvae of the southern armyworm, tomato pinworm, cabbage looper, granulate cutworm, and tomato fruitworm dislodged were counted.


Broad-scale area change of a non-porous surface while maintaining resistance to aerodynamic loading was demonstrated through the development of a passive elastomeric matrix composite morphing skin. The combined system includes an elastomer-fiber-composite surface layer that is supported by a flexible honeycomb structure, each of which exhibit a near-zero in-plane Poisson's ratio. A number of elastomers, composite arrangements, and substructure configurations were evaluated and characterization testing led to the selection of the most appropriate components for prototype development. The complete prototype morphing skin demonstrated 100% uniaxial extension accompanied by a 100% increase in surface area. Results from out-of-plane pressure loading showed that out-of-plane deflection of less than 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) can be maintained at various levels of area change under pressures of up to 200 psf (9.58 kPa). Applications to wing span morphing UAVs are also discussed.


The informal economy is one of the most important influencing factors on the type of entrepreneurial activity. In this study, the role of the informal economy on the formation of entrepreneurial activities (opportunity and necessity-based entrepreneurship) with an emphasis on the institutional quality index in selected oil producing countries during the period 2018–2008 has been investigated. This was done by using the three stage least squares model. In addition, the MIMIC model was used to extract the hidden variable of the informal economy volume and the principal components. Furthermore, the analysis model was used to extract the institutional quality index.The results show that increasing unemployment, increasing tax rates and increasing natural resource rent lead to an increase in the informal economy in these countries, whereas an increase in the informal economy leads to a decrease in opportunity-based entrepreneurship and increases necessity-based entrepreneurship. These results suggest that if the goal is to improve opportunity-based entrepreneurship, macroeconomic policies should be designed to reduce unemployment and lower tax rates and natural resources rent, thereby reducing the size of the informal economy in these countries. In such circumstances, an increase in opportunistic entrepreneurship is possible and an improvement in the economic growth of this field can be expected.


Oral surgery mainly provides surgical scope illumination by doctors wearing headlamps, but there are still clinical restrictions on use. The limitations are (1) due to the angle of the head swing and the shadow of the visual field during the operation and (2) due to projection of the light source being worn on the doctor's head and the length of the wire, and the fiber-optic wire will affect the relative position of the surgical instrument and limit the scope of the doctor's activity. This study will focus on the development of oral lighting optical microstructure devices to solve and improve the abovementioned clinical use limitations. The production method is to make an oral lighting mold by 3D printing technology and use the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of liquid silicone material to make an oral lighting device with mold casting technology. The results show that the optical simulation achieves the target light distribution by optimizing the three geometric reflection surfaces combined with the lens design by the optimization method, and the maximum illumination value can reach 5102 lux. According to the measurement results of mold casting technology, the average errors of the profile of the 3D printing finished product and the PDMS finished product of the oral device structure are about 1.4% and 16.9%, respectively. Because the contour of the PDMS finished product's error caused the light to shift by 0.5∼3 mm distance, the light is still concentrated in the range of the tonsils, so this study can be defined as within the acceptable range of within 16.9% of the intra lighting error. The development of oral lighting devices in this study will reduce the burden on physicians in nonprofessional fields, reduce the time of surgery for patients to maintain the health of doctors, and rise the level of medical equipment to increase surgical safety.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial (anti-biofilm) and anti-caries (enamel demineralization prevention) effects of Malva sylvestris (Malvatricin® Plus) compared with known antimicrobial mouthrinses. Microcosm biofilm was produced on enamel, using inoculum from pooled human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) for 14 days. The biofilm was treated with mouthrinses for 1 min day−1. Oral-B® Complete, Listerine® Zero and Malvatricin® Plus had the greatest effect on the reduction of biofilm viability (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, lactic acid production was reduced significantly with PerioGard®, Noplak® Max and Listerine® Zero compared with the control (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were found among the mouthrinses with respect to the colony-forming unit counting (total microorganisms, total streptococci, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) and extracellular polysaccharide production. Enamel demineralization was reduced significantly with PerioGard®, Noplak® Max and Malvatricin® Plus compared with the control (p < 0.0001). Malva sylvestris has a comparable anti-caries effect to chlorhexidine mouthrinses.


We use a twice-subtracted partial-wave dispersion relation in the elastic unitarity approximation for final-state interactions to study the amplitude for the delta I = 1/2 CP-conserving weak process K+spurion->pi+pi. We use a simple parameterization to approximate the low energy I = 0 S-wave pipi->pipi scattering phase shift and extract the residue of the sigma pole in the weak amplitude obtained from the dispersion relation. Using this residue, we relate the K->pipi decay amplitude, the weak amplitude at the soft pion point and the K->sigma weak amplitude.


By researching the current states of drug use and safety supervision in medical agencies,the important role of pharmacovigilance system on safe,effective and rational use of drugs have been analyzed,and the methods and contents of pharmacovigilance have been discussed. Some suggestions for developing relevant laws and regulations have been proposed to ensure the pharmacovigilance work.


In this work, we generalise Gelfand-Yaglom-type methods in the vector case for the computation of Gaussian path integrals. The extension we propose allows to consider general second variation operators subject to different boundary conditions and to regularise the divergence in presence of zero modes. The derived methods are exploited to study the statistical physics of polymers at thermodynamic equilibrium (e.g. DNA). The energy of equilibria combined with suitable Jacobi field determinants can be used to estimate the distribution of end-to-end displacements when the filament is interacting with a heat bath. In the continuum limit of Cosserat elastic rods, we demonstrate how to derive approximate conditional probability density functions governing the relative location and orientation of the two ends, first for the looping problem and second when the rod is subject to a prescribed external end-loading, in addition to external stochastic forcing. For isotropic Cosserat rods, certain looping boundary value problems admit non-isolated families of critical points of the energy due to an associated continuous symmetry, and the standard Laplace method fails for the presence of zero modes. Taking inspiration from (imaginary) path integral techniques, we show how a quantum mechanical probabilistic treatment of Goldstone modes in statistical rod mechanics sheds light on J-factor computations for isotropic rods in the semi-classical context. All the results are achieved exploiting appropriate Jacobi fields arising from Gaussian path integrals, and show good agreement when compared with intense Monte Carlo simulations for the target examples.


The slot milling process has a profound effect on surface characteristics such as residual stress and wear resistance, owing to the introduction of severe plastic deformation over the machined surface. Because the establishment of enormous pressure during machining operation leads to enhance its surface characteristics such as hardness and wear resistance through a significant increment in residual stress This study aims to analyze the impact of machining conditions such as spindle speed, table feed and depth of cut on the quantifiable contributions of the enhancement in surface characteristics such as microcrystalline characteristics and residual stress on the machined surface using XRD spectra analysis. Furthermore, it is found that the table feed has a great impact on the surface characteristics followed by the spindle speed and depth of cut. Additionally, it confirmed that the decrement is table feed leads to declines the augmentation of compressive residual stress drastically, while the depth of cut and spindle speed are kept constant.


*ontentment. In 1856,the same indulgence was extended to the (lay-pay officers of the waterside department, and, indeed, to all day-phy officers in London and in the outports, and with the most salutary effect. In common with other departments of the civil service, the Customs has of late received two great concessions from the Governmenit. The first opens up to subordinate officers a new and honourable field of ambition, by adrmitting them to competition for several superior offices, from whiclh they were formerlv shut out. Thlis, as was to be expected, has excited a wlholesome spirit of emalation and of pride in the service, which cannot fail to be attended with the most beneficial results; and the other, the albolition of the superannuation tax (a measure which benefits all classes who have entered the service since 182,9.) has already borne good fruit in having enabled many subordinate officers to insure their lives, who couldl not otherwise have done so; and in other respects has stimulated and encouraged provident habits among the classes whom it relieved.


The velocity field of liquid sodium in a toroidal channel is studied.Velocity measurements are made using the magnetic induction method.The proposed technique involves two steps:an external alternating magnetic field of certain frequency is induced in the channel;then the measurements of the resulting magnetic field are used to reconstruct the velocity profile.


The article discusses the activities of the female veteran's movement in the Second Polish Republic. Organizational problems associated with the activities of the movement are analyzed, with particular emphasis being placed on internal ideological disputes that existed within the movement, which intensified after 1926. Issues surrounding Polish representation on the international stage and the activities of the Polish representation in FIDAC Auxiliare after 1932 are also discussed.


Acoustic fast match is usually used to accelerate search in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. This paper discusses a new acoustic fast match algorithm. This proposed fast match is based on incremental evaluation of the score and the use of normalized likelihood scores. This is in contrast to more traditional fast matches where a likelihood score is used. In addition, streaming SIMD extensions (SSE) for Intel machine instructions are used for fast Gaussian calculation. Results on a 20K Japanese broadcast news task show that the proposed fast match leads to about 30% improvement in speed with a slight performance degradation.


This project uses satellite imagery and historic aerial photographs to discover and interpret archaeological sites. It has created an open access database of archaeological records that provides basic information so that the sites can be better understood and preserved in the future. The threats to sites in the Middle East and North Africa are increasing and creating a record of previously unrecorded sites using this methodology may be our the last chance before they are destroyed.


Objective: To determine whether the morphologic features of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) of main-duct-involved-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) (ie, main duct or mixed main duct/side branch) have implications for the risk of malignancy and extent of resection. Background: International consensus guidelines acknowledge the presence of various MPD morphologies (ie, diffuse vs segmental main-duct-involved-IPMN) without a precise definition of each entity and with limited data to guide treatment strategy. Methods: All consecutive main-duct-involved-IPMN patients (2005–2019) with a MPD diameter ≥5 mm by cross-sectional imaging were reviewed from a prospective institutional database. Morphologic features of the MPD were correlated with the identification of high-grade dysplasia or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (HGD/PDAC) by logistic regression modeling. In patients who underwent partial pancreatectomy, preoperative MPD morphologic features were correlated with the future development of HGD/PDAC in the pancreatic remnant by Cox hazards modeling. Results: In a cohort of 214 main-duct-involved-IPMN patients, the overall rate of HGD/PDAC was 54.2%. MPD morphologic characteristics associated with HGD/PDAC included: maximal MPD diameter (5–10 mm: 29.8%; 10–14 mm: 59.0%; 15–19 mm: 78.6%; ≥20 mm: 95.8%; P<0.001), segmental extent of maximal dilation (<25%: 28.2%; 25%–49%: 54.9%; 50%–74%: 63.1%; ≥75%: 67.9%; P=0.002), and nonsegmental MPD diameter (<5 mm: 21.5% vs ≥5 mm: 78.5%, P<0.001). Diffuse MPD dilation involving ≥90% extent was rare (5.6%). After a median follow-up of 50 months, 7 (7.2%) patients who underwent partial pancreatectomy for IPMN without associated PDAC developed HGD/PDAC in the pancreatic remnant. Maximal MPD diameter, segmental extent of maximal dilation, or nonsegmental MPD diameter were not associated with the development of HGD/PDAC in the pancreatic remnant. However, a mural nodule on preoperative imaging was associated with the development of HGD/PDAC in the pancreatic remnant. Conclusions: "Diffuse" involvement with homogenous dilation of the MPD was rare. For the majority of patients with segmental main-duct-involved-IPMN, the MPD morphology conferred malignancy risk. Duct morphology was not predictive for the development of HGD or invasive disease in the pancreatic remnant, implying the safety of limited pancreatic resection for initial surgical management.


In this paper, energy sector's monopoly behavior is analyzed in the case of Azerbaijan by referring to the literature of Dutch disease and rent-seeking. As a theoretical background, a new general equilibrium model is also developed in order to explain unusual surge of gasoline prices in Azerbaijan during the decreasing global oil prices. The paper shows the relationship between crude oil price and local gasoline prices (rent-seeking in this paper). There is a cointegrating relation between two variables under Johansen Cointegration Test and it supports the idea in the theoretical general equilibrium model. Monopolies use higher local gasoline prices as rent-seeking during decreasing crude oil prices for covering their losses due to diminishing revenues from oil exports.


This paper establishes an economic theory of information value and volume that differs from Shannon's mathematical theory of communication (Shannon, 1948). The economics of information should be recognized as an important frontier field of economics to explore the 4th industrial revolution including Internet of the things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). However, we need to construct an fundamental way to analyse information flow and stock. Because of this, the value of information goods as a non-market or market good is measured as agents' willingness to pay (WTP) for travel and telecommunication from the overall viewpoint of transportation and telecommunication economics. And we construct an economic model for analysing the information flow between head and branch offices. This firms' total profit is maximized by optimally imputing the amount of time which employees devote to collecting and processing internal and external information. Here, factors of production are internal and external information flows and stock information. Finally we propose information inputoutput table explaining inter-regional information flow of the sample economic model.


The main points of this paper were presented at the first Global Conference of the International Network of Customs Universities on May 21-23, 2014 in Baku, the Azerbaijan Republic.   This study seeks to analyze a Brazilian customs procedure, in line with trade facilitation strategy, and closely following customs control security standards. Express Customs Clearance is the customs compliance program, also known as "Blue Line". Blue Line started in the airport ofViracopos (Campinas/Sao Paulo, Brazil), in 1998, as a result of a partnership between customs, Infraero (airport trustee), importers, airlines, and cargo agents seeking to facilitate the movement of goods. As certified Blue Line companies represent a significant percentage of Brazilian imports andexports, each certified company substantially reduces the number of selections for red and yellow channels. This, in turn, allows customs workers more time for activities with higher risk levels.   The methodology is based on qualitative and quantitative data collected through field research (survey type). The data collection method was a questionnaire structured with open and closed questions, related to Blue Line. A total of 46 companies are certified in Blue Line in Brazil, fromwhich 25 of them are associated companies of AER. Thirteen (13) companies participated of such field research (return rate of 52%), in the months of March and April 2013. The results of the applied research showed that the most frequent users of Blue Line are machinery and equipment industries, mostly located in the state of Sao Paulo. The use of Blue Line has accelerated customs clearance and reduced supply chain costs. However, difficulties in customs regulatory and procedural framework of foreign trade and trade facilitation could be identified in our research. The resolution of these flaws will improve customs control mechanisms and broaden the base of Blue Line certified companies.


IN October, 1923, a remarkable flight of Arctic Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) invaded New England and extended as far south as New York City. At the suggestion of Dr. G. M. Allen I have attempted to gather the scattered records and to find, if possible, something of the cause of the flight. The records of the Nuttall Ornithological Club have been the source of the largest number of these reports. Second only to these are the records generously furnished me by Mr. E. H. Forbush from his capacious files. I am also much indebted to the numerous isolated observers who have answered my many letters and whose names will be found with their respective records. Before detailing the records of this abnormal invasion I shall summarize very briefly the normal status of the bird on the Northeast. Maine-Uncommon winter visitor; rare resident in the northern and western counties. New Hampshire.-Rare resident above 3,000 feet in the White Mountains. Elsewhere a rare visitor. Vermont.-Rare resident in the north and in the high peaks; occasional winter visitor to the lowlands. Masnachusetts.-Occasional fall and winter visitor. Connecticut.-Two previous records (winter). New York City Region.-Two Long Island records in the winter of 1886-87. New Jersey.-No previous records. That these Woodpeckers normally do not move southward in winter is shown by the fact that this is the first flight of such proportions that has occured since there have been enough observers in the Northeast to note its occurrence. Perhaps the last such flight was in 1860-61 when Brewster (Bull. Nuttall Ornith. Club, Vol. 8, p. 121) records that George 0. Welch found this


This paper provides a synthesis of the literature on the role of benchmarking, with a focus on ins use in the public sector. Benchmarking is discussed in the context of quality systems. of which it is an important component. The paper describes the basic types cf henchmarking, pertinent research about its application in the public sector, the purposes of performance indicators, and the types of information such indicators provide. Finally, a benchmarking framework used by the New South Wales Department of School Education in its quality-assurance program is described. Benchmarking provides the conceptual framework that integrates beet practice and performance indicators, a vital component of the qualityassurance system. One figure and two tables are included. (LMI) Peproductior; supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 7:1',.:TI.:**1'1';1',-::**1.,*;,,:**1',-::**1.:**.::***1':*****.;,-:::': INTEGRATING BEST PRACTICE AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TO BENCHMARK THE PERFORMANCE OF A SCHOOL SYSTEM Prepared for the AIC Conference Performance Indicators and Information in the Public Sector 23-24 March 1994, Sydney. U S DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION ORc al E &caw. AT:It and imcpromognt EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INconAATIo« CENTER (ERIC) ST4e4 clocutent is ANT tIPMPROI AS DENOM O Cegfil1000 eolutens Iet e CftenE1 NMI DNA Msil to Improve 'ff:MOCIVC110. CPAIINOV Po.n U.N. co orntons atseed en the door .fliptt not noc.mante, r1 elItcAo Of RI 00> a pokey RE/4.1155:0N TO REPRODUCE THIS MAT 1AL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCAT,CNAL RESOURCES ,,IFORI,AAT'ON CENTER ERIC


Abstract This article exams the social right to receive assistance from the government established through the introduction of China's new social assistance programs. A qualitative study that included 42 social assistance recipients and 12 policy implementers in urban areas suggests that the social right to receive social assistance has not been fully established. This is partly due to the practice of philanthropy which continues to have a significant influence on social assistance. At present, the underlying idea of social assistance is stuck between the idea of philanthropy and social right to receive assistance. The competing views have resulted in the dilemma of current social assistance development. Findings from this study have implications for policy and practice change to move toward social right to receive assistance and transition out of the dilemma of social assistance versus philanthropy. Future research should be broadened to study the social assistance recipients and policy implementers in rural areas and examine their experiences.


This chapter shows that while Price is right at the level of economic agency, the implication that the artisanal outlook of Chartism was in no way progressive or forward-looking is too strong. In part, the renewed push by members of the landed class to ameliorate the harshness of the New Poor Law and to revive paternalism came in response to the growing influence of League spokesmen like Cobden, Villiers and Thompson, who increasingly tended to argue that repeal of the Corn Laws would alleviate the sufferings of the poor. Aside from building solidarity and providing mutual assistance, the National Association of United Trades for the Protection of Labour (NAUT) promoted arbitration boards, which had begun to appear in the 1830s, and the avoidance of strikes. The chapter seeks to shed light on the apparent controversy by challenging the undue prominence given to psychology. Keywords:Britain; Chartism; Corn Laws; liberals; NAUT; Thompson


Introduces focus group methodology to health professionals interested in the possibility of using the method to evaluate health promotion interventions. A working definition and brief history of the method is provided, followed by a summary of possible uses in the three types of evaluation: formative; process; and outcome. It suggests that professionals deciding if and when to use focus groups should consider the aim of their evaluation, the research participants who will be involved in the evaluation and the resources available. Practical issues such as preparing an appropriate topic guide, recruiting participants, facilitating the discussion, analysis and report writing are discussed.


A wetness duration experiment was carried out within a lily field situated adjacent to coastal dunes in the Netherlands. A within‐canopy model was applied to simulate leaf wetness in three layers, with equal leaf area indices, within the canopy. This simulation model is an extension of an existing model. It appeared that in most cases leaf wetness started in the uppermost layer followed by the middle and bottom layer, respectively. The same occurred during the early morning drying process. Just after sunrise the upper layer started to dry, followed by the middle and bottom layer, respectively. The longest leaf wetness duration occurred in the bottom layer. The calculated leaf wetness durations were within 10 minutes of the results obtained using a leaf wetness sensor. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society


ABSTRACT Excluded from the university, women authors in early modern France acquired their philosophical culture from other venues. The tutorial, the salon, and the convent school are three of the era's most prominent institutions involved in the development of this philosophical culture for women. The writings of the poet Madame Deshoulières, the salonnière Madame de Sablé, and the abbess Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly illustrate how these institutions shaped their respective philosophical interests and imparted a particular style and set of thematic concerns to their philosophical works.


Difficulties in deliminating the spatial unit «Region» have created the use of the comprehensive term «the third level» in German speaking areas. Regarding processes of regional development in Europe, especially Belgium shows some special features. In a polyphase course of evolution a «double-regional- structure» was formed in Belgium. In addition to this, the region «Brussels-capital» shows some specifics. As a result of regional associationalism, certain institutions for spatial planning emerged in every region. To correspond with regional goals and objectives a system of spatial plannings has been developed.


Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Science Centre, Poland.

 The injury of the myocardium during ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) involves metabolic, morphological and contractile disorders [1]. Klotho is a membrane or soluble anti-aging protein. Recent studies have proven the correlation of Klotho deficiency and the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases [2].

 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Klotho protein supply on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in hearts subjected to IRI.

 Isolated Wistar rat hearts perfused with the Langendorff method were subjected to ischemia, followed by reperfusion, in the presence or absence of Klotho protein. Hemodynamic parameters, and the levels of nitrate/nitrite (NOX)-, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-Κb), nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), cytochrome c (cyt c) and caspase-9 were evaluated.

 Infusion supply of Klotho during IRI resulted in a recovery of contractile function (p=0.031) and heart rate (p=0.02). Klotho protein contributed to increase in the production of GPx (p=0.045) and SOD (p=0.006). The levels of (NOX)- (p=0.022), NF-Κb (p=0.006), NFATc1 (p=0.027), IL-6 (p=0.002), MMP-2 (p=0.008), cyt c (p=0.0002) and caspase-9 (p=0.009) were decreased in the IRI+Klotho group, as compared to the IRI group.

 Klotho protein preserved heart mechanical function, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced inflammation and apoptosis in the injured heart. Thus, Klotho can be recognized as a novel cardiopreventive/cardioprotective agent in ischemic damage.


The construction of top-quality courses is to improve the quality of teaching,and to drive curriculum construction and curriculum reform by sharing resources and radiation of top-quality courses,promoting our professional development.The construction of the hydraulic transmission courses in recent years is taken as the example,exploring the significance of the construction of top-quality courses,content and curriculum construction basic ideas in higher vocational colleges.


Although a great number of photochromic compounds have been reported, I) the compounds which turn yellow upon UV imrlation are quite rare. Chromene) andspironaphthoxazine with pyrazine ring) are such a few examples. When we apply photochromic compounct to full color display, it is strongly resired to develop new yellow-developing compounds. Diarylethenes containing heterocyclic rings undergo photo-indIced reversible electrocyclic reactions to produce closed-ring forms that absorb light at longer wavelengths..) Recently, we have reported on a new diarylperfluorocyclopentene which turns yellow upon UV irradiation. IO) The compound, 1,2bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene, has thiophene rings that are bound to perfluorocyclopentene moiety at their 2-positions. The substituenteffects of 1,2-bis(3-thienyl)ethenes) and 1,2-bis(3-benzo[blthienyl)ethenes9) have already been reported, but the substituent effects of 1,2-bis(2thienyl)ethenes have not yet been studied In this paper, we report on the substituent effects of 1,2bis(2-thienyl)ethene derivatives.


Controlling the spatial organization of cells is a critical step toward engineering tissues with distributed networks of blood vessels or nerve cells. Here we report a new soft-lithography-based approach for micropatterning proteins and cells on the surface of biodegradable chitosan substrates that are more applicable to engineering tissues than the gold, silver, glass, or silicone substrates currently used in cell micropatterning studies. In this approach, we use random copolymers ofoligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA), which resists protein and cell adsorption, and methacrylic acid (MA), which adheres strongly onto the chitosan substrate via acid-base interactions, to form stable protein and cell resistant micropatterns on chitosan surfaces. At optimal ratios of OEGMA to MA, copolymers are formed that exhibit superior long-term resistance to protein adsorption and cell adhesion even under cell culture conditions. Spatial control of cell organization and alignment using OEGMA/MA micropatterned chitosan is demonstrated using human microvascular endothelial cells.


The invention relates to an addressing and access method, a gateway and a system. The addressing and access method comprises the following steps that corresponding address conversion is carried out on a request of converting an intranet to an extranet or corresponding address conversion is carried out on a request of converting the extranet to the intranet according to a binary address group stored in an address conversion list, wherein when a message carries the request of converting the extranet to the intranet, a corresponding intranet IP (Internet Protocol) address is searched from the address conversion list, and a target IP address of the message carrying the request of converting the extranet to the intranet is converted to the intranet IP address; when the message carries the request of converting the intranet to the extranet, a corresponding extranet IP address is searched from the address conversion list, and a source IP address of the message carrying the request of converting the intranet to the extranet is converted to the extranet IP address. According to the method, through one-to-one NAT (Network Address Translation) conversion, the extranet can actively visit the extranet and the extranet and the intranet can actively visit the extranet.


If we compare the current common sense in immunology with that often years ago, the most remarkable change is, perhaps, the notion that self-reactivity is a characteristic of normal immune systems and not necessarily a synonym of aggressive autoimmunity. This notion of physiological autoreactivities has made its way with some difficulty, and it continues to be contested by quite a few. This is, however, the normal reaction to a new idea from a scientific community used to seizing on novelties only if they add to the established frameworks and paradigm (see Ref. 1 for another such example). Besides, conservatism may be justified in science, for a body of 'established truths' must exist in any discipline. We shall neither review the evidence for functional autoreactive B and T cells in normal individuals, nor consider putative mechanisms of dominant tolerance that must operate in normal immune systems harbouring pathogenic autoreactive lymphocytes. This has been done before (see Ref. 2). Our intention here is twofold; first, to underline the contradictions that persist today in the field, once the existence of autoreactivities in normal individuals has been accepted; second, to speculate on further developments of what is becoming the new common sense. We will restrict our discussion to B cells and antibodies, for reasons that will become apparent below.


Lung cancer is a big public health problem in Croatia. Up to now, as far as the geographical point of view and the usage of geographical methods and techniques are concerned, there were no known analyses of any disease, including this one. Lung cancer is a chronical, non-contagious disease. This paper starts from the assumption that the incidence rates for lung cancer will be higher in the areas with older population and lower GDP per capita. Two years were compared, 2001 and 2011 (the years in which censuses of population were carried out), using rough incidence rates for lung cancer as well as age standardized incidence rates. The result shows that lung cancer appears in Croatia without following any spatial regularities; the incidence rates are not distributed evenly. Such a situation indicates dominant individual risk factors of prevalence, i.e. the way of life suitable for occurrence of the disease. In connection with that, it is not possible to aim at one particular area in the country. What is important is the prevention directed to each individual and consequently to the health of the population in general.


Posters used to be a major medium in the making of the image of the candidates running for the presidential election, until the beginning of the 1990's, when the law constrained the use and interest of them. Partly designed by advertisers and professionals in communication (hired as soon as the 1965 polls), the image of the candidates is based on a political strategy which is quite obvious in the iconography they provide. This article studies –in a non exhaustive way– the posters of the last three French presidents. If the issue is always the same – to give oneself the image of an eligible leader–, the way of achieving it greatly changes from one campaign to the other, in order to guarantee the strongest adhesion of the voter. We then observe radical revolutions of images, of which Jacques Chirac is an interesting example.


OBJECTIVES: To focus on the Bulgarian market of M01 group for the period 1999–2001; the most consumptive active principles (APs) within M01; to determine the trend in M01 consumption and within. METHODS: M01 consumption at national level has been calculated by ATC/DDD methodology and expressed in DDD/1000/day. Data have been collected from: a) the import of wholesalers, b) the local industry sale reports for the domestic market. Comparison has been made with M01 consumption in Norway and Sweden (expressed in DDD/1000/day). RESULTS: M01 consumption at national level has been calculated as follows: 1999— 14,216; 2000—13,764; and 2001—15,565. The most consumptive APs within M01 were: Diclofenac (D) 1999—8,448; 2000—8,728; and 2001—9,753; Piroxicam (P) 1999—3,380; 2000—2,892; and 2001—2,761; Indometacin (Ind) 1999—1,457; 2000—1,061; and 2001—1,104; Ketoprofen (K) 1999—0,192; 2000— 0,439; and 2001—0,699; Tenoxicam (T) 1999—0,598; 2000—0,172; and 2001—0,699. Ibuprofen (Ib) consumption was: 1999—0,169; 2000—0,030; and 2001— 0. The coxib Rofecoxib (R) consumption was registered initially in 2001—0,054. CONCLUSIONS: M01 consumption 1999–2001 did not show significant variations. The national demand for M01 is approximately 14 DDD/1000/day. M01 consumption in Norway and Sweden was higher. D as the most consumptive AP at a national level was about 67% of M01 consumption due to 4 locally produced products. Dynamics within the group was: D and K increased slightly; Ind showed relatively steady-state position; P slightly decreased; the trend in T consumption could not be defined distinctly; Ib decreased in consumption; Coxibs were with limited place within M01. In comparison with Bulgaria, M01 consumption model in Norway and Sweden showed some differences. PAR7 MODELLED COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND COSTUTILITY ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN OSTEOPOROTIC POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN POLAND Orlewska E, Lis J Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Eli Lilly Polska, Warsaw, Poland


Between the late 1940s and the mid 1950s, a group of advertisers, cookbook writers, and pop culture journalists introduced Canadians to a new form of household cookery: the barbecue. While grilling food over a fire was not entirely new, the cultural form and meaning of postwar suburban barbecuing sprung directly from middle-class family life and gender relations in 1950s Canada. In particular, this paper explores why men played such a key role in outdoor cooking and how sellers of barbecue culture attempted to normalise this apparent transgression of 1950s gender expectations. It argues that barbecuing was one of a number of postwar male-centred family leisure activities that resulted from changing notions of fatherhood-namely, an increased expectation that men be more involved in domestic life. This study of postwar barbecue culture shows that when gendered divisions between public and private faltered, new divisions between leisure and work took their place, re-articulating and redefining existing hierarchies between masculine and feminine.


The quantitative results and qualitative understanding of the classical electromagnetic theory of energy transfer between an infrared dipole and a metal surface are explored. There are two limiting regimes: (1) a short range behavior where the rates decrease as D−3, and a long range behavior where rates decrease exponentially with D. For the analyzed surfaces, these regimes essentially represent transfer to bulk excitations and to surface plasmons, respectively. In the D−3 region, the normalized rates and energy transfer quantum yields can be extremely large as compared with electronic energy transfer in the visible and ultraviolet. A 1000 cm−1, perpendicularly oriented dipole 4000 A from a Sn surface has a 69% energy transfer quantum yield. Extrapolation to molecules actually ''on'' metal surfaces suggests 10−9–10−11 sec lifetimes. Energy transfer to plasmons is explored for plasmons of varying lifetimes and electric field dependences.


ABSTRACT Drawing on our experience of commissioning and co-curating an exhibition of international conflict textiles – appliquéd wall-hangings (arpilleras), quilts, embroidered handkerchiefs, banners, ribbons, and mixed-media art addressing topics such as forced disappearances, military dictatorship, and drone warfare – this article introduces these textiles as bearers of knowledge for the study of war and militarized violence, and curating as a methodology to care for the unsettling, difficult knowledge they carry. Firstly, we explain how conflict textiles as object witnesses voice difficult knowledge in documentary, visual and sensory registers, some of which are specific to their textile material quality. Secondly, we explore curating conflict textiles as a methodology of 'caring for' this knowledge. We suggest that the conflict textiles in our exhibition brought about an affective force in many of its visitors, resulting in some cases in a transformation of thought. Graphical Abstract 1. Cacerolazo / Women banging their pots, Chilean arpillera, 1988. Photo: Martin Melaugh © Conflict Textiles.