Distillation systems with simultaneous thermal coupling and heat integration can significantly reduce both energy and capital costs compared with systems employing either thermal coupling or heat integration alone. Predefinition of all such new systems will provide a much better alternatives space in optimization when searching an optimal system for a given application. In a previous work (Rong et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 4329-4339), a strategy for heat integration between heat exchangers associated with a single middle component in the thermally coupled configurations was presented, from which the heat-integrated partially coupled (HIPC) distillation systems were obtained. In this work, new strategies for simultaneous thermal coupling and heat integration have been approached, where heat integrations are performed between heat exchangers associated with both single middle components and submixtures of middle components. A large number of new heat-integrated thermally coupled (HITCs) distillation systems are synthesized. In the new HITCs, all the thermal couplings are located at the ends of columns, and all the heat integrations are implemented at the intermediate locations of the combined columns. Compared with the original thermally coupled configurations (OTCs), the new HITCs have the distinct features of (1) a reduction in the number of thermal couplings; (2) a reduction in the number of heat exchangers; and (3) a reduction in the number of columns. As a consequence, the new HITCs have the potential to further reduce energy and capital costs or to improve the operability of the OTCs. In this paper, all of the new HITCs for quaternary distillations are first generated. Then, a procedure is formulated to synthesize new HITCs for an n-component mixture. Finally, it is shown that the new HITCs produce distinct thermodynamically equivalent structures to those produced by the OTCs.


The main aim of this article is to analyse on a case study farm several aspects influencing the monthly cash flow development. The farm cash flow was analysed in years 2002, 2005, 2007 and 2008. The monthly trend of cash flow is changing with internal and external impacts. Main impact is the process of specialisation in the farm structure and orientation on crops production. Relatively stable trend of cash flow in the year 2002 passes on to frequent oscillation of cash flow in years 2007 and 2008. Incomes and expenses are concentrated to several part of the year and there is growing demand on management skills to sustain optimal production intensity.


PURPOSE: A wireless-synchronization signal receiver for controlling a receiver circuit according to the input wireless synchronization signal is provided to automatically control the reception of the wireless-synchronization signal in a different frequency by a single local oscillator stage. CONSTITUTION: A local oscillator(10) supplies an oscillating signal in a designated frequency. A mixer unit(4) mixes filtered and amplified input signal in order to generate an IF(Intermediate Frequency) signal the same as input signal of an oscillating signal. A band pass filter(5) filters the intermediate signal. A demodulator(6) performs the supply of data signal.


Although open-mindedness is still widely regarded as an intellectual virtue and an aim of education, it is also commonly held that this attitude carries with it certain implications that ultimately threaten serious inquiry. In particular, open-mindedness is often thought (i) to encourage credulity, (ii) to discourage the formation of definite views, and (iii) to detract from the tenacious pursuit of an idea. These confusions turn up in the work of reputable philosophers and it is important to address them if cynicism about this ideal is to be avoided. Properly understood, open-mindedness is free from these unwelcome consequences, and it remains central to the task of education.


The aim of this study was to analyze some of the major acoustic‐phonetic changes that occur in French when speech is produced by divers in an air atmosphere at several depths of submersion ranging from sea level to − 50 m (0, − 5, − 10, − 20, − 30, − 40, − 50m). A significant increase in fundamental frequency was found as depth increased. Submersion level seems to have no effect on duration and amplitude. Some significant differences were found in formant amplitude and frequencies. Shifts in the relative energy of formants 2, 3, and 4 were observed on vowels at the deepest conditions. The quantification of the difference in dB between the intensity of the fundamental and the intensity of the largest harmonic in the first formant suggests that phonation varies as a function of depth. At great depths, an increase in vowel effort contributes to speech distortion. These results are mainly discussed in terms of speech production strategies in deep atmosphere.


In the past,studies on the integration of internet and tourism were mostly concentrated on the exchange of tourist information.The paper tries to discuss the phenomenon of looking for "tourist companions" on the platform of internet.By using "grounded theory",12 members were chosen and interviewed.The study finds that travel in company through virual community is a kind of independent travel resulting from the popularization of internet and self-aid spirit.The tourists decide the relationship between rights and obligation by controlling both the number and quality.They try to find a middle road from solitary backkeepers and group tours.In the end,their tourist experiences help realize optimization by absorbing the advantages of both backkeepers and group tours.Finally study restriction and future study orientation are discussed.


Mark-recapture experiments are often carried out to estimate numbers of migrating salmon smolts. In mark-recapture studies, sample sizes affect the precision of population estimates. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to capture adequate numbers of fish in a field study to generate estimates with sufficient precision to be useful to managers. We wished to evaluate the possibility of using hatchery-reared masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou smolts as surrogates for wild fish in a mark-recapture study. Using a rotary-screw trap, we compared recapture rates and migration pat -terns of wild masu salmon with those of introduced hatchery-reared in the Masuhoro River in northern Japan. Recapture rates did not differ significantly between wild and hatchery-reared smolts. However, migration speeds differed between wild and hatchery-reared fish released in early June, but not those released in mid-June. We conclude that hatchery origin smolts are a reasonable surrogate for wild fish during much of the peak smolt timing period, but there may be some bias introduced to estimates earlier in the run. Hatchery-reared fish can be used as marked fish in mark recapture studies, however, trapping efficiency and differences in travel time should be evaluated carefully through a preliminary study.


In a congressional hearing in the spring of 1996, talk show host Kathie Lee Gifford was charged with endorsing clothing made in Honduran sweatshops by exploited children. Resulting media coverage focused public attention on a seamy underside of the "global economy." Redemption strategies used by Gifford and her public relations consultant, and repeated and promoted through the mass media, fed a larger controversy over the meaning of the concept of the global economy and its ethical implications for the American public.


A fuse component (1) has a fusible conductor (2) which extends in a gas-filled inner space (3) of a cylindrical tube (4) between two end faces (8). Two end caps (5) of an electrically conductive material in such a way to the ends of the tube (4) is applied, that an electrical contact with the fusible conductor (2) is made. At least one of the two ends of the tube (4) is in an intermediate space between the Endkappenboden and the end face (8) of the tube (4) and in a region adjacent to the cap base part of the interior (3) but a sealing body made of a predominantly elastic compressible at the same time introduced creeping plastic material. The sealing body (7) has been compressed when mounting the end cap (5) during the manufacture of the fuse component (1) between the end face (8) and the cap base. The compressed sealing member (7) strives to expand again, whereby it expands mainly in the interior space (3) inside. Place shortly after it is injected during the manufacturing process due to an increase in temperature, a sudden rise in pressure take place in the interior, so it may happen that this pressure equalizes in the external environment over a temporary channel formed between the tube, the seal body and the end cap therethrough. Thereafter, the channel formed is due to the creep of ...


Charge delivery system on-board the vehicle includes the motor system, and plug-in supply. On-board vehicle motor system includes a first motor, a second motor, a second inverter, the controller having a first inverter, a plurality of switch rack having a plurality of switch rack comprising a plurality of stator winding comprising a plurality of stator windings , and on-board including a power supply. Plug-supply unit is coupled between the at least one rack of the switch at least one of the switch racks and the second inverter of the first inverter. The controller comprises first and second inverters on the modulation of the switch rack-flow through the at least one stator winding of the electric current to the first or second motor to charge the power supply unit board. Current flow is also plug to produce a stable stator flux vector angle stopping motor rotation during charge transfer - may be the supply of alternating polarity and phase match.


Water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater. The collected water can be used for potable purposes with treatment and for non-potable purposes without any treatment. The present study has been done for the feasibility of rainwater harvesting for different domestic uses. The objective of the present study is to determine a suitable size of the water tank for domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) system. The potential of rainwater harvesting and capacity of storage structure was determined based upon 37 years (1970–2006) of rainfall data of Ludhiana. Four methods have been used to determine the storage requirement. Method based on probability approach seems to be most appropriate to find tank size as it is based on probability analysis of rainfall data.


The staffing of reference desks by nonprofessionals has been a subject of controversy in academic librarianship. The view that only professional librarians are qualified to provide reference service has been challenged by the fact that nonprofessionals are being used and can effectively answer many patron queries. Several key studies have explored both the practical and theoretical implications of this use of , nonprofessionals. Bunge's research (1967) on the relationship between library education and reference efficiency demonstrated no significant difference between nonprofessional and professional performance in answering questions accurately, although professionals took significantly less time to answer queries. 1 A questionnaire survey conducted by Boyer and Theimer (1975) concluded that nonprofessionals were used in 69 percent of smallto medium-sized academic libraries. 2 This study was followed by an examination of question-answering success by nonprofessionals, done by Halldorsson and Murfin (1977), who found that professionals were more successful than nonprofessionals in dealing with II faulty information" questions. 3 Aluri and St. Clair (1977) concluded that well-trained nonprofessionals can answer 80 percent of the questions asked at the desk. 4 In their second study (1978)1 they examined the effect that this use of nonprofessionals might have on faculty status, library education, user instruction, and other professional issues. 5 More recently, Kok and Pierce's study (1982) of questions asked at reference desks, though not directly examining actual use of nonprofessionals, supports previous research in its conclusion that only 0.7 percent of questions are in-depth, time-consuming reference queries.6 . These studies have established two significant facts concerning the use of nonprofessionals in reference service: (1) well-trained nonprofessionals are capable of answering many, if not most, patron queries; (2) despite arguments that the use of nonprofessionals is detrimental to librarianship as a profession, nonprofessionals are being used on a regular basis to staff reference desks because of financial necessity. Since nonprofessionals are essential to providing information services, it is important to look more closely at the nonprofessionals themselves and at the types of staffing arrangements in which they are used. In their study ten years ago, Boyer and Theimer looked at actual use, educational level, on-the-job training, amount of service provided, and continuing education opportunities. Because reference service in academic libraries has changed much since then, it is necessary to reexamine these elements. Furthermore, an ex-


A series of phenoxy-substituted tris(pyrazolyl)borate titanium complexes, Tp′TiCl2(OAr) and Tp*TiMe2(OAr) [Tp = HB(pyrazolyl)3, Tp* = HB(3,5-Me2-pyrazolyl)3; Ar = Ph, 2,6-Me2C6H3, 2,6-iPr2C6H3], were prepared, and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. These complexes exhibited from moderate to remarkable catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization in the presence of MAO; TpTiCl2(OPh) exhibited the highest catalytic activity for ethylene polymerization. The cationic Ti(IV)−methyl complex, [Tp*TiMe(O-2,6-Me2C6H3)]+[MeB(C6F5)3]−·(THF)2, polymerizes ethylene to give polyethylene with a uniform molecular weight distribution, clearly indicating that the cationic Ti(IV) species plays an essential role as the active species.


Abstract In this paper, a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation is considered. We develop a modified Tikhonov regularization method based on Hermite expansion to deal with the ill posed-ness of the problem. The regularization parameter is determined by a discrepancy principle. For various smoothness conditions, the solution process of the method is uniform and the convergence rate can be obtained self-adaptively. Numerical tests are also carried out to verify the effectiveness of the method.


We found that the electron drift length, L1, between a diode area and a resonant reflector in a relativistic backward wave oscillator operating at a low guiding magnetic field has a periodical influence on device power, which is a special characteristic due to periodical transverse motions of electron beams. In this paper, electron motion characteristics under both TM02 and TM01 fields are investigated using single-particle simulation, and the result shows that the condition of beam expansion is dependent on the beam state that spatially meets the TM02 standing-wave field. A larger beam expansion will lead to a larger axial energy spread in the modulation area, which is unfavorable for efficient beam-wave interaction. Furthermore, rapid transverse expansion of electron beams can be observed under a TM01 travelling-wave field, which is the main cause for the obvious decline in the current collected by the collector as the output power reaches saturation.We found that the electron drift length, L1, between a diode area and a resonant reflector in a relativistic backward wave oscillator operating at a low guiding magnetic field has a periodical influence on device power, which is a special characteristic due to periodical transverse motions of electron beams. In this paper, electron motion characteristics under both TM02 and TM01 fields are investigated using single-particle simulation, and the result shows that the condition of beam expansion is dependent on the beam state that spatially meets the TM02 standing-wave field. A larger beam expansion will lead to a larger axial energy spread in the modulation area, which is unfavorable for efficient beam-wave interaction. Furthermore, rapid transverse expansion of electron beams can be observed under a TM01 travelling-wave field, which is the main cause for the obvious decline in the current collected by the collector as the output power reaches saturation.


In the lubrication oil of the machinery devices, metal wearing particles reflect the wearing state in real time. Therefore, lubrication oil wearing particles monitoring system can identify the health state of the machinery devices. Based on the three-coil inductive sensor, this paper proposes the monitoring system including the exciting circuit, the detection circuit, the MCU system circuit and the host PC software. Experimental result shows that the proposed monitoring system can captures the output signal of the metal wearing particle.


To evaluate the clinical outcome of Swanson implant replacement for replantated of severed metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in a long term follow up. This was a retrospective study of 11 patients (3 women, 8 men) operated from July 2005 to May 2007. All patients were using Swanson joint implants for replanted of severed MCP joints. The average age at the time of the procedure was 58.45±3.4 years old (range 51-64). Functional assessment by grip strength and range of motion. Subjective assessment by the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) and Sollerman hand function test. The mean follow-up period was 8.9±0.7 years (range 8-10). The grip of strength improved significantly (preoperative 4.2±2.2 kg, postoperative 6.7±2.8 kg, P=0.027). The range of motion improved significantly (preoperative 24.6±9.0, postoperative 47.0±10.7, P<0.001). The Sollerman score showed no statistically difference before and after operation. The mean MHQ total score at 8 years improved significantly (preoperative 50±15, postoperative 57±15, P=0.002). The scores of domain of Function, activities of daily living (ADL), Aesthetics, and Satisfaction indicated significant improvement postoperatively. The postoperative score of work and pain did not improve significantly. Our study suggests that Swanson Implants for replantated of severed MCP Joints can improve the range function of the joints in long-term follow-up. Patients themselves felt their aesthetics have been improved. We recommend for Swanson arthroplasty for replanted of severed MCP Joints.


Abstract Aircraft's availability is certainly one of the most important features of modern avionic industry. The aircraft maintenance scheduling is one of the major decisions an airline has to make during its operation. When an aircraft maintenance event occurs, the overhaul tasks management process requires the execution of all tasks to perform and has to guarantee the on-time aircraft delivery and the respect of the daily flight schedule. Though maintenance scheduling comes as an end stage in an airline operation, it has potential for cost savings. Maintenance scheduling is an easily understood but difficult to solve problem. Given a flight schedule with aircraft assigned to it, the aircraft maintenance-scheduling problem is to determine which aircraft should fly which segment and when and where each aircraft should undergo different levels of maintenance check. The objective of this paper is to minimize the aircraft maintenance planning time and to show how to create a plan with critical path analyses ...


The Bhagawan Dhomya Lawan Sisyanira story is part ofAdi Parwa. The story is reflection of the interrelationship between pedagogical components, such as: educational goals, educators, learners, educational tools and educational environment, which form a system in educational practice called pedagogy system. Education components of Bhagawan Dhomya Lawan Sisyanira's storydirected to student centered learning, which a test of obedience and devoted of  Bhagawan Dhomya's students, namely Sang Arunika tested by paddy fields, Sang Utamanyu tested by shepherds cows and Sang Weda tested by providing dishes in the kitchen. The exam given by Bhagawan Dhomya to his students has been concerned about the nature of learners as the subjects and also educational objects. Therefore, students are directed to adapt and interact with the environment, but still pay attention to the components of pedagogy, so the education can be well done and Hindu religious ecaducation values in Bhagawan Dhomya Lawan Sisyanira's story relevant to applied as guidance in the implementation of education. Based on the explanation, the purpose of this paper is to describe the pedagogy system, learning approach and Hindu religious education values in Bhagawan Dhomya Lawan Sisyanirastory


Biblis unit A, the world's first 1,200 MW pressurized water reactor with a single-shaft turbogenerator set, can boast a history of 35 years of successful operation. Modernization and backfitting at an expense running to 3-digit millions over the past few years have optimized operation and technical safety in every respect. Biblis A is run at a high safety level and, as far as technical safety goes, is unrestrictedly fit for a long future operating life. Also the so-called soft factors of safe operation, i.e. the right proven company organization and structure of operations, a motivated plant crew, and consistent safety management in line with international requirements, are in place at Biblis. As of February 2009, unit A has a residual electricity quota of 4.2 TWh, which is roughly equivalent to six months of operation. The future of Biblis A thus remains open until the conclusion of litigation about the transfer of electricity quotas and current political reassessment, respectively, of nuclear power.


Concentrations of heavy metals in the ambient atmosphere were measured during a three month period at three sites around Bourne Chemicals works at Welwyn Garden City. The measurements were made using the Warren Spring Laboratory directional M-type sampler, which provided weekly samples taken both continuously and for periods when the wind was blowing from the direction of the works. Weekly ambient lead concentrations were found to be similar to annual average urban values found in a previous survey. In general, the weekly concentrations of lead in the continuous and the directionally orientated samples were very similar and all measured lead concentrations were less than 1.5 microgram/m/sup 3/. These results indicate that the contribution to the ambient lead concentrations measured in the atmosphere in the vicinity of the works during the period of the survey was not significant.


The premature death of Christopher Lasch marks the loss of one or America's foremost thinkers — probably the most honest and perceptive critic of his generation. This issue is dedicated to him not only in recognition of his contribution to whatever remains of serious public debate in the US, but also as a tribute to a friend, colleague and collaborator. His frequent participation in internal debates within the Telos editorial board over the years has been invaluable. Through informal contacts dating back to the time when he first moved to Rochester and the journal was still located in Buffalo, through the St. Louis period, up to the last few years when there were regular bi- or tri-weekly meetings between him.


compensation transaction provides an effective way of mechanism for failure recovery under the web service environments where cohesion transaction widely exists. This paper is focused on the complexity of web transaction. Insert smart agent into web service transaction compensation, and put forward an agent based transaction compensation model. Make agent 's task to be divided in coordinating and compensation can process complicated compensation logic effectively.


Background and Objectives In order to reduce the potential for transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from an RNA‐positive, anti‐HCV‐negative blood donation, the National Blood Service (NBS) introduced nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) testing for HCV in England and Wales. The objective of this study was to develop an automated assay using commercial components for the detection of HCV RNA in blood donations for transfusion.


The magnetar 1E 1547–5408 recently exhibited two periods of outburst, beginning on 2008 October 3 and 2009 January 22. Here we present an analysis of the persistent radiative evolution and a statistical study of the burst properties during the 2009 outburst using the Swift X-Ray Telescope. We find that the 1–10 keV flux increased by a factor of ∼500 and hardened significantly, peaking ∼6 hr after the onset of the outburst. The observed pulsed fraction exhibited an anti-correlation with phase-averaged flux. Properties of the several hundred X-ray bursts during the 2009 outburst were determined and compared to those from other magnetar outburst events. We find that the peaks of the bursts occur randomly in phase but that the folded counts that compose the bursts exhibit a pulse which is misaligned with the persistent pulse phase. We also report a correlation between burst hardness and flux. We compare the hardness–flux evolution of the persistent emission of both outbursts to those from other magnetars and find that although an overall trend does exist, the degree of hardening for a given increase in flux is not uniform from source to source. These results are discussed in the context of previous results and within the magnetar model.


Thisworkintroduces a newapproach togetlossfree burstlpacket transmission inOptical Burst andPacket Switched Networks. Tothisend,ourproposal defines (1)aRouting andWavelength Assignment (RWA)scheme based ontheconcept ofwavelength tree, and(2)asimple contention resolution mechanism thatsolves contention using alimited numberoffiber delay lines. Weshow thatusing theproposed scheme, fora2-link-connected network with nnodes, there exists communication between anypairofnodeswithFn/21 wavelengths. Weapply this approach toaddress theproblem offinding (conflictfree) transmission schemes initerated line digraphs. Such digraphs haveproved tobeveryuseful models fordense, easily routable, andfault tolerant communication networks. Examples ofsuchnetworks arethewell-known DeBruin andKautzdigraphs andthewrapped butterfly networks. Ourstudy leads ustodefine auseful tool forobtaining wavelength trees.By wayofexample, we illustrate theschemeoperation forthe2-regular Kautzdigraph. Simulation results showa goodbehavior intermsof transmission delay andresources utilization.


Agreement between the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the International Criminal Police Organization on privileges and immunities during the Executive Committee meeting and General Assembly session of ICPOInterpol in Berlin from 17-22 September 2005. Lyon, 6 April 2005 and Paris, 8 April 2005


The Golconda allochthon in Nevada consists of structurally complex mid to late Paleozoic basinal sedimentary and volcanic rocks deformed under low temperature and pressure conditions and emplaced onto the North American shelf in the Permo-Triassic. Above the basal thrust in the Antler Peak area, the allochthon consists (in ascending structural order) of late Early to early Late Permian thick bedded chert ('Pumpernickel subunit 1 '); Pennsylvanian and Early Permian thin bedded chert, argillite and siltstone ('Pumpernickel subunit 2'); Mississippian siliciclastic turbidites ('Jory unit') and undated chert and argillite of the 'Trenton unit.' Open to tight folds in subunit 1 trend north-south and are east-vergent. Folds in thinner bedded subunit 2 vary considerably in style. Fold axes in this unit are distributed within the mean axial plane (oriented N-S, 60°W) but exhibit a west-northwest trending data gap. Boudin axes measured in zones of highly disrupted layering (interpreted as zones of movement or shear) exhibit similar patterns without data gaps. These girdled distributions in part reflect rotation of these elements upon greater strain towards the east-west trending direction of tectonic transport or towards parallelism with the X axis of the strain ellipsoid. Asymmetry of folds indicate movement was west to east. Locally developed late stage folds in subunit 2 are subhorizontal, trend north-south, and are compatible with fold-fault solutions that indicate east-directed thrusting. Striations measured within fault zones yield bidirectional east-west slip lines. Our fold and fault data indicate that east-west shortening of these basinal sediments was accomplished by folding and east-directed thrust faulting during a single progressive deformational event. This conclusion is supported by the presence of a major west-dipping thrust fault in the map area that places Mississippian over Permian rocks. The allochthon formed as an east-vergent submarine fold and thrust belt that was subsequently thrust on the continental shelf. Autochthonous rocks beneath the Golconda thrust are virtually undeformed, suggesting that most of the structure in the allochthon formed prior to its ultimate emplacement.


After three years of working remotely, many companies are asking their people to return to the office. Not everyone is coming back, however. With some people in the office and some still working from home, leaders must get this transition to hybrid work right. Hybrid is the worst of both worlds in some ways. You can easily end up creating two experiences?one for the people in the office and one for the remote workers?which can lead to problems that will compound over time and have long-term damaging effects on your team. For leaders who are navigating a newly hybridized work environment, this column presents the following recommendations to help make sure your team is as functional as possible.


Abstract: Data from both rodent models and humans suggest that intact neuronal melanocortin signaling is essential to prevent obesity, as mutations that decrease the melanocortin signal within the brain induce hyperphagia and excess body fat accumulation. Melanocortins are also involved in the pathogenesis of disorders at the opposite end of the spectrum of energy homeostasis, the anorexia and weight loss associated with inflammatory and neoplastic disease processes. Studies using melanocortin antagonists (SHU9119 or agouti‐related peptide) or genetic approaches (melanocortin‐4 receptor null mice) suggest that intact melanocortin tone is required for anorexia and weight loss induced by injected lipopolysaccharide (an inflammatory gram‐negative bacterial cell wall product) or by implantation of prostate or lung cancer cells. Although the precise mechanism whereby peripheral inflammatory/neoplastic factors activate the melanocortin system remains unknown, the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) that are produced in the hypothalamus of rodents during both inflammatory and neoplastic disease processes likely play a role. The data presented in this paper summarize findings that implicate neuronal melanocortin signaling in inflammatory anorexia.


In a set of cases decided at the end of the nineteenth century, the Supreme Court declared that Congress had "plenary power" to regulate immigration, Indian tribes, and newly acquired territories. Not coincidentally, the groups subject to Congress' plenary power were primarily non-white and generally perceived as "uncivilized." The Court left Congress free to craft policies of assimilation, exclusion, paternalism, and domination. Despite dramatic shifts in constitutional law in the twentieth century, the plenary power case decisions remain largely the controlling law. The Warren Court, for all its recognition of individual rights - based on an agenda of full and equal citizenship - neglected immigrants, the tribes and the territories. The Rehnquist Court has appropriated the Warren Court's rhetoric of citizenship, but has used it to bolster strong notions of national sovereignty and to limit conceptions of subnational autonomy and forms of belonging beyond citizenship. Although paid little attention in constitutional scholarship, casebooks or theory, the plenary power cases have had remarkable influence on federal policy. The book argues for abandonment of the plenary power cases and for more flexible concepts of membership and sovereignty. The federal government ought to negotiate compacts with Indian tribes and the territories that affirm more durable forms of self-government. Citizenship should be "decentered" - understood as a commitment to an intergenerational national project, not a basis for denying rights to immigrants. More broadly, the book argues for recognition of the nascent field "sovereignty studies" within constitutional law. These kinds of questions will grow more important in the future, as the United States finds itself in an increasingly interdependent world.


Application of the theory of hydraulic functioning of the cochlea leads to a distinction between action of a tone upon another tone and action of a noise upon a tone, and confirms the demand for a redefinition of masking.


Photoperiod is the principal regulator of seasonal breeding; however, effects of photoperiod on the fertility of the domestic sow are inconclusive. Some evidence indicates that the modern sow exhibits a period of impaired reproductive performance during the late summer and early fall. Seasonal variation in oocyte developmental competence has been described as a contributing factor. Alterations in oocyte quality, along with reductions in blastocyst rates and cell numbers in embryos from summer-sourced oocytes, may be attributed to an alteration in follicular fluid (FF) composition. The objectives of this study were to determine whether seasonal variations in blastocyst development rates are associated with changes in cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) morphology and oocyte developmental competence in sows. This study also compared the effect of FF collected in spring v. summer during in vitro maturation (IVM) on oocyte competence. In experiment 1, oocytes from 3- to 8-mm follicles were aspirated from sow ovaries during 1 calendar year for a total of 77 replicates. Only oocytes with homogeneous dark cytoplasm and at least 2 layers of cumulus cells underwent IVM. Mature oocytes were electrically activated and the resulting embryos were cultured for 6 days. In experiment 2, a total of 1256 good quality COC were divided into 2 groups and cultured in IVM medium containing 10% FF collected in either spring or late summer. Metaphase II oocytes were electrically activated and cultured to generate diploid embryos. Differences between experimental groups were assessed using Student's t-test or X2. The percentage of ovaries exhibiting good-quality follicles and the number of COC per ovary remained constant during the entire calendar year (60% and 6.2 COC/ovary, respectively). However, oocyte quality decreased significantly from 3.6 to 3.2 during late August throughout early October in a 1 to 4 scale. The percentage of good-quality COC decreased significantly during late summer and early fall compared with the rest of the year (54.5 v. 65.5%). However, maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst rates did not show significant differences between the summer and the other seasons (85.5 v. 87.6, 87.8 v. 87.7, and 27.8 v. 27.0%, respectively). The presence of FF collected in either spring or summer in the IVM medium did not affect maturation, cleavage, or blastocyst rates (88.9 v. 87.7, 90.7 v. 90.5, and 42.1 v. 43.7%, respectively). Blastocyst cell numbers (Day 6) did not differ when FF from spring and summer antral follicles was used for supplementing IVM medium (43.6 v. 46.1 cells, respectively). In summary, impaired reproductive performance of domestic sows during late summer and early fall is coincident with a decreased in the number and quality of COC. However, efforts to use strict selection criteria for COC during this time period may result in maturation and development rates comparable to the rest of the seasons. Additionally, the presence of FF collected in either spring or summer in the IVM medium does not seem to affect oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development.


Free-flow spillways are simpler and safer than gated ones, but the low specific flow of their traditional shapes requires high spilling nappe depths and thus huge losses of storage (100 x 10m worldwide). A new shape of free-flow spillway (the "Piano Keys weir") can increase the specific flow fourfold or more. It could substantially reduce the cost of most new dams and increase, at low cost. the safety and the storage and/or the flood control efficiency of many existing dams.


We conducted a comprehensive field, petrographic, and microprobe study of the dykes and porous flow channels cropping out in the Oman harzburgites. The 36 rock types we recognized among of about 1000 samples can be grouped in two main magma suites contrasted in terms of structural and textural characteristics, modal composition, order of crystallization, and phase chemistry. One suite (troctolites, olivine gabbros, opx‐poor gabbronorites, and rare oxyde gabbros) derives from MORB‐like melts. The other suite (pyroxenites, opx‐rich gabbronorites, diorites, and tonalite‐trondhjemites) derives from melts richer in silica and water than MORBs and ultradepleted in incompatible elements. Dykes and porous flow channels from the MORB suite are restricted to a few areas, covering only 25% of the mantle section. This is an unexpected result as the deep Oman crust is made essentially of cumulates from MORB‐like melts. Their composition, texture, and relations with the host harzburgites point to high mantle temperatures at the time of crystallization (likely above 1100°C, up to 1200°C for part of them), i.e., conditions close to the "asthenosphere/lithosphere" boundary. The largest outcrop of mantle harzburgites enclosing MORB like dykes is a 80 km long and 10 km wide corridor, parallel to the strike of the sheeted dyke complex and centered on an area where a former mantle upwelling has been unambiguously defined (the Maqsad "diapir"). A few other occurrences of mantle cumulates from the MORB suite are smaller than the Maqsad area and have a lesser abundance of troctolites (i.e., of high‐temperature cumulates). We interpret the troctolite zones of Oman as the witnesses of former diapirs frozen at various stages of their development. Dykes belonging to the depleted suite are the most common in Oman harzburgites. Their structural and textural characteristics show that they crystallized in a mantle colder than the melt (likely in the range 600°C to 1100°C). A possible origin for the parent melts of this suite is in situ partial melting of the shallow and partly hydrated lithosphere residual after MORB extraction. Our data support the view that feeding magma chambers with MORBs is a focused (and likely episodic) process involving the rise of hot mantle to the base of the crust through a lithospheric lid accreted during a previous diapiric event. They suggest also that the shallow mantle beneath spreading centers is a place of important petrologic processes, some of them predicted on the basis of MORB composition (e.g., fractionation inside melt conduits) and other ones unexpected (e.g., remelting of the depleted lithosphere).


In recent year's Raman and IR spectroscopy has been widely used by pharmaceutical industry as a analytical tool for quality control. The present work Acetaminophen (common name paracetamol) is been characterized using Raman, FTIR, and UV-visible techniques. 5 different brands of tablets (name changed as A, B, C, D, and E) purchased from Medical shop for analysis and comparative studies. Spectrum recorded using Raman shows major peak in between 400-1600cm-1 wavelength respectively; the Y-axis intensity for them varies along shift in x-axis but majorly all remains same except in Tablet C. FTIR spectroscopy doesn't show much variation in the reflectance spectra but slight variation in y –axis intensity is noted. UV-visible remains same for all the tablets. For comparison the optimized geometries, harmonic vibrational wave numbers and intensities of vibrational bands of Acetamenophen were determined using DFT-B3LYP with 6-311++G(d,p) level calculations. Weight variation and Tablet disintegration studies were also done to confirm weight in gms of individual tablet. The disintegration time shows breaking of tablets particles into smaller ones in particular time. The analysis of paracetomol quantity and its interdependence on the optical characterization such as Raman, FTIR, were interpreted through means of band width; functional group and bond length. UV-visible spectroscopy helps to determine the volumetric concentration dependence on functional group. The theoretical calculations were matched with experimental results.


Belt conveyors have been used in a wide range of applications because in comparison to the alternative solutions represented by the rail or road transportation, their operation is typically more cost effective, with lower energy demands and the possibility of utilizing renewable energy sources, and during their operation, less noise and air pollution is produced. The presented article is focused on pipe belt conveyors that are even more sustainable and in harmony with the environment, especially considering transportation of fine and dusty materials. More specifically, pipe belt conveyors have the possibility of utilizing microwires as a sensing element for microwire-based sensors for the pipe belt conveyor diagnostics from a mechanical loading point of view. This is because during the enclosing of the pipe conveyor belt, periodical cyclical mechanical loading is applied due to the bending. From the results of the performed set of FEM (Finite Element Method) analyses of the glass-coated magnetic microwires, it can be concluded that during the selection process of the microwires, emphasis should be directed the thickness of the glass coating, which can affect the lifetime of the microwire significantly. The microwire length has negligible influence on the estimated number of bending cycles until the damage or crack occurs.


Herein we present an unconventional synthetic route to mesoporous aluminum phosphates and phosphonates. The xerogels were prepared by non-hydrolytic sol-gel methods using silylamine elimination.2 Synthetic procedure was optimized in order to prepare amorphous and mesoporous materials based on networks of Al-O-P bonds with SA higher than 1 000 m2g-1. Products were characterized by various techniques including MAS NMR, TEM, BET, etc.


form of a ligand are more active than with enol O(C-O)–N(CH=N) form of isonicotinoyl hydrazones of the same aldehydes (I,% 32-63)]. Introduction of two substituents (OH- and Br-) into the hydrazide fragment of hydrazone molecule significantly increases the activity of Sn(IV) complexes with enol form of the ligand (I,% 79). proteolytical


Distributed Ledger Technologies are an emerging reality opening the way to new application design paradigms like smart contracts-based distributed applications. If on one side they are creating new markets and opportunities, on the other they are exposing users to new security issues deriving from the scarce maturity in terms of security practices in their design and development. This paper raises a warning about the efficacy of a state-of-the-art software testing tool, namely Mythril, by challenging it with real smart contracts extracted from the Code4arena competitions and comparing its performance with security audits released during the contests. The paper highlights possible root causes of inefficiency, opening the way toward more scalable and efficient smart contract testing tools.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the authors explore female creativity and agency through the means of documentary filmmaking. Husband and Wife is an experimental documentary concerning one woman's journey from Poland to London, England to reclaim the body of her husband after his death. The authors/directors discuss the process of creating a space where the life of the characters and the life of the camera merge. This creative, feminist space is one of mutual influence between themselves, the protagonist and their documentary film. In their investigation of the protagonist's journey from her Polish hometown to the city of London, they all become affected by the process of filmmaking itself and by the widow's relentless resourcefulness in her mission to reclaim the body of her husband. To understand the widow's tenacious approach of dealing with UK institutions, as well as her mourning, the authors refer to the feminist theories of Luce Irigaray, and Judith Butler, who offer different conceptualisations of female identity and ethical agency. Drawing upon Irigaray, and Butler's analysis of Antigone (Sophocles, 441BC), the cinematic picture of the Polish widow's commitment to her husband's post-mortem civic dignity is compared to the commitment of Sophocles' heroine, who transgressed the patriarchal order attributed only to proper, male citizens. The authors of the paper discuss the definition of otherness, as a mode of creative and ultimate resistance that both Antigone and the Polish widow embody, as women acting in the patriarchal world. In their documentary, the authors-directors articulate Polish Antigone's act of resistance through the angle of female interiority, as defined by Lucy Bolton, which in cinema is more characteristic of male protagonists. In that way they reflect the incomprehensible agency of a woman that is gained through her gendered performance, her creativity and her everyday existence in the world of men.


This chapter provides a summary and an overview of Arabic script as it is and has been used in Africa, as well as a history of its study. Unfortunately, there has been comparatively little scholarly research in this field, which is why it may be regarded as understudied literacy. The author first argues why Arabic script should be considered understudied in the first place, how this came about, and which implications it may have. Traditional history books tell us that Africa used to be a continent largely without writing. Africa is not a continent without writing. Rather, it is a continent without studies on writing. Different scholars dealing with Arabic-script writing traditions of Africa have independently noticed the biased perspective, which earlier scholars had taken. The success and prevalence of the Islamic educational systems in Africa is intimately connected to the use of Arabic script usage. Keywords: Africa; Arabic script; continent; Islamic educational systems; understudied literacy


Power analysis attacks have become a major threat to security systems by enabling secret data extraction through the analysis of the current consumed by the supply voltage. Embedded memories, implemented with 6T SRAM cells serve as key components of many security systems. However, the leakage current consumption of 6T SRAM cells is correlated with their stored data, resulting in susceptibility to leakage power analysis attacks. In this paper, we propose exploiting the body bias capabilities of FD-SOI technology to reduce the correlation between the consumed current and data stored in the memory by modifying the body voltage during runtime. Simulation results in 28nm FD-SOI technology demonstrate a significant reduction in the information leakage of a body-biased six-transistor (6T) static random access memory (SRAM) without additional area overhead.


In this paper, a new piezoelectric transducer for high performance ultrasonic flaw detector used in non-destructive test (NDT) is implemented. Here, the goals for some major characteristics such as piezoelectric strain constant and electro-mechanical coupling factor are fixed in advanced. Then, the parameters obtained by finite element analysis (FEA) are exploited to design and implement the piezoelectric transducer. As a result of experiments using manufactured samples, it is proved that the new PZT ceramics satisfy the goals very well. It has much improved impedance characteristic at the resonant frequency and generation of ultrasonic signals. In addition, ultrasonic flaw detector with the new transducer provides increased flaw detecting gain than the conventional one. Thus, it is considered that the new flaw detector contributes significantly to improve reliability of the NDT.


Loops Right from the start of web publishing, standard structures of information were quick to emerge. Probably the most basic of these was the chain; a linear related sequence of chunks of information. Think of stepping through back issues of an on-line magazine, think of clicking 'next' and 'previous' to scan through a collection of photos. The sequence is a very basic organization of information. I do not claim to be an information historian , but I suppose it could have had something to do with the switch from scrolls of parchment to pages. (Although didn't Moses have a sequence of separate stone tablets when he descended from Mount Sinai?). The shift to separate pages does make information more manageable if it comes with a way of holding those pages together in some way. Without a binding technology , a collection becomes difficult to keep in order. Think of flicking through someone's photos in a group of people while the owner shouts "Try to keep them all in order!". Organizing information in one big chunk and presenting it as a continuous scroll does have some inherent design advantages , though. Scrolls are not bound by the restrictions and meta-issues that have to addressed with separate pages-issues like size, number, how to chunk the information up. Typesetters even have terminology to talk about bits of text left alone on separate pages: they speak of widows and orphans. Despite this, scrolls seem to have had little place in the gap between the Egyptians and today's scroll-bars on computer screens. Now and then they have cropped up; Jack Kerouac used to write his 'stream-of-conscious-ness' prose with a teletype roll of paper fed into the back of his typewriter, meaning that his stream-of-consciousness would never have to be broken with worries about page breaks or scrabbling for new sheets of paper. A counter example are those awful fax machines that work with a big roll of thermal paper instead of separate sheets. They are cheap and useful and fine for single page faxes, but when you have received your thirtieth multipage contract you realize that your project archive is starting to resemble a pharaoh's tomb, with shelves full of rolls that have to be unrolled for 5 minutes to see what they are about! However, you never find yourself in the situation of losing a page from the middle of a vital fax. The …


In reading the article by Lopes-Virella et al. (1), we were rather concerned that the authors referred to "creatinine kinase" as a marker of cardiac injury. We are certain that the authors wanted to refer to …


Private property in land gives agricultural producers a presumptive claim to certain policies that may be more costly than necessary, and may not achieve their intended results. In this paper, an alternative specification of property rights in land is explored, and it is shown how this different structure opens up new options for governments to influence the visual and economic attributes of rural areas. Under existing property regimes, farmers must be induced with financial concessions to use land in socially desired ways. Under an alternative property rights specification, farmers would have to pay for the right to modify certain land-use practices. Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.


Traditional Mediterranean small ruminants' production systems mostly involve local breeds, which are kept in outdoor conditions with natural ligneous vegetation and cereal stubble, as major dietary components. Biotic stress factors, in particular, gastrointestinal nematodes remain one of the main threats for the health and the welfare in such 'low input' production conditions. Gastrointestinal parasites can cause production losses, increased susceptibility to other diseases and/or pests, and even death. Abiotic stress factors (e.g. temperature stress and imbalanced diets) are known to result in significant reductions in yield and product quality and may increase the susceptibility of animals to parasit es and other diseases. Predicted changes in climate are expected to incr ease heat stress incidence, especially in Southern Europe. Abiotic stress is also known to increase the susceptibility of sheep to gastrointestinal parasites. The predicted impacts of climate change include increased heat stress, changes in semi-natural vegetation cover used for grazing, damaged ecosystems, and rising sea levels. The actual effects are predicted to heterogeneous and to differ between regions. Yet, in most cases, the negative effects are expected to outweigh the benefits and disproportionately hurt traditional small ruminant farmers which in many regions are among the poorest population groups, and have the least capacity for adaptation. Climatic changes will reduce grain yields, will impair pasture composition, quality and quantity, will direct affect pathogen prevalence, incidence and severity and thereby influence animal health and productivity and resource (especially feed) use efficiency. Adaptation of live stock to the more variable environmental conditions predicted as a result of climate change should therefore be a primary focus of R&D focused on improving small ruminant management and breeding systems/strategies. A particular focus should be on improving the sustainability and robustness via the utilization of robust, indigenous breeds rational waste utilisation and management, development of more balanced diets and re-integration of (and nutrient cycling between) local small ruminant and crop production systems.


A waveguide device is proposed for spot‐size transformation of an optical beam from the 1 μm range to about 8 μm using a wedge‐shaped taper. The structure can be entirely integrated on an InP‐based optoelectronically integrated circuit. It is shown by numerical simulation that the width of the thin end of the wedge has a major influence on the transformation loss of such a device. By using direct writing e‐beam lithography and reactive ion etching as well as subsequent InP regrowth, we were able to produce the required structures. The beamwidth transformation capability is confirmed by optical measurements.


The touch-trigger probe is a kind of sensor installed in a machining center to measure the dimension of the work piece. A method for On-Machine Measurement (OMM) and its error compensation by the probe based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is advanced in this study. The advantages and disadvantages for touch-trigger probe of OMM system are discussed. Major factors that influence the probe measurement precision are analyzed. The measurement error compensation based on RBFNN is presented. At last the experimental system with touch-trigger probe is put forward and the experiment indicated that, using the touch-trigger probe makes on- machine measurement more automatic and efficient and by using RBFNN for error compensation make on-machine measurement more precise.


The increasing problems of mobility are forcing many countries to turn to rail-based transportation solutions, fueling something of a world rail revival in recent years. Governments, meanwhile, are becoming less willing to commit public funds to rail projects. Industry innovation is, to some extent, guided by a need both to cut costs and increase efficinecy and, at the same time, to provide higher levels of passenger comfort in order to be competitive with other modes. The paper reviews the movement to unify high speed rail lines in Europe.


This paper concentrates on the current trend in companies reporting concerning the publication of a satellite report on CSR and the possibilities of its inclusion into XBRL system as one of the principal issues decisive for the future of finance and accounting. The necessity of a practical alignment of business with ICT is underlined. This work contributes to a more detailed understanding of the essence of CSR reporting and presentation of XBRL standard as the useful tool of reporting system. It underlines utilization of information and communication technology advances on the example of XBRL taxonomy.


Emily Post, an upper-middle class American divorcée, not yet the byword for correct social behaviour, as her Blue Book of Etiquette was to be published seven years later, set off from New York in April 1915 to motor to San Francisco. Armed with many misconceptions about the Wild West, she took two evening dresses, a block and tackle and a solid silver picnic set, and planned to see how far she could go in comfort. Her attitudes changed dramatically as she drove west, and she wrote perceptively about the disjunction between myth and reality and the inherent theatricality of the tourist experience. This paper analyses three incidents in her journey: the meeting with a taciturn cowboy who hailed from Massachusetts, her assessment of the vaudeville nature of a Native American dance performance, and her sensation of being behind the scenes at a theatre as a trainload of passengers were served by the legendary Harvey Girls. The creation of the myth of the Old West was well under way in 1915; this micro-study of an elite traveller's reactions suggests that the myth did not go uncontested.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Self-leadership is an uplifting concept in this technologically driven world.  Given the potential benefits of self-leadership and its increasing popularity, it is surprising that self-leadership is an under-researched topic. The purpose of this study was to understand the personality factors related to the use of self-leadership behaviors.METHODS:  This study analyzed data obtained from 217 respondents through an online survey. The study proposed model was tested using multiple regression to analyze individual characteristics of self-leaders and the results indicated that the model was partially supported.FINDINGS: The findings indicate that individual characteristics do predict self-leadership. Personality traits variables conscientiousness (beta = .32, p < .01) and openness (beta = .26, p < .05) have a significant positive relationship with self-leadership practices. Surprisingly, this study found emotional stability has no significant relationship with self-leadership behavior.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that conscientiousness is important in the development of self-leadership meta-skills possibly through self-directed self-regulation and the practice of self-leadership. This study also employed a rigorous validation technique therefore, this study was able to address some of the methodological limitations of previous studies such as common method variance by examining the proposed relationships in a longitudinal setting.


Introduction. New prognostic markers such as ZAP-70, CD38, and cytogenetics have proven to be highly predictive of outcome in CLL. However, their role in the management and treatment of CLL patients (pts) has yet to be determined. Furthermore, the impact of each marker in the context of other markers has also not been identified. Of 70 CLL pts seen at our institution 54 pts were enrolled on an ongoing prospective CLL trial, with data also available on an additional 16 pts. ZAP-70 was measured by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody (clone 2F3.2). CD38 was detected by flow cytometry on peripheral blood lymphocytes, and cytogenetic abnormalities were tested by FISH analysis. We correlated results of the marker studies with the need for early treatment compared to those who were managed by a continued watch and wait approach, and, if treatment was instituted the prediction of these markers on response. Using a linear regression model, the markers were analyzed by univariate analysis as they pertained to the above. Data. The median pt age was 61 years (yrs) (range 26-83), median number of yrs with CLL was 5 (range 0–27 yrs), and the median Rai stage was 2. 20/34 pts who required therapy because of rapidly progressive or symptomatic disease were previously untreated, and the median number of prior therapies for the other 14 pts was 1.6 (range 1–4). Pts were otherwise followed by a watch and waited approach until therapy was indicated according to the NCI-WG guidelines (Cheson et al. Blood87:4990, 1996). Treatments included chemotherapy-rituximab combinations, e.g. rituximab with fludarabine (+/− oblimerson), or CHOP, and 8 pts received fludarabine alone, alemtuzumab, chlorambucil, or radiation. ZAP-70 was positive in 26/51 pts. CD38 was positive in 24/65 CLL pts. 19 pts were positive for ZAP-70 and CD38. FISH data were available for 64 pts; 28 had del 13q abnormality, 2 del 11, 1 del 17, 23 normal cytogenetics, and 2 complex abnormalities. 22/26 (85%) ZAP-70 + pts required early treatment, compared to 14/25 (56%) ZAP-70 - pts (p=0.034). 20/24 (83%) CD38 + pts required early treatment, compared to 18/41 (44%) in CD38 - pts (p=0.036). ¾ (75%) pts with refractory disease were positive for ZAP-70 and CD38. 7/14 pts with 13q deletion requiring therapy had a CR with 13/14 (93%) ORR and 1/14 (7%) SD. 6/13 pts (46%) with nl FISH had a CR with ORR of 11/13 (84%), and 1 pt with refractory disease. Conclusions. ZAP-70 and CD38 were strong independent equally predictive markers of need for treatment.13q deletion was predictive of treatment not being indicated at the time of study, only when ZAP-70 expression and CD38 expression were negative. ZAP-70 negativity was highly predictive of overall response to therapy, whereas CD38 negativity was more predictive of achieving a CR. The simultaneous presence of ZAP-70 and CD38 was suggestive of refractory disease, although the numbers were too small for statistical significance. The presence of 13q deletion was equally predictive of CR and ORR when compared to pts with a normal karyotype. These results need to be incorporated into a CLL treatment model to better delineate pts who may require earlier intervention.


In an 8-year study from 1997 to 2004, we evaluated the use of 186 bat houses in rural areas of California's Central Valley. We considered the bat houses' size, color, height and location, and found that location was the main factor affecting bat use. Colonies of bats (generally mothers and their young) preferred houses mounted on structures such as buildings, shaded or exposed only to morning sun, and within one-quarter mile of water. In contrast, individual bats (generally males and nonreproductive females) were less selective in where they roosted. The overall occupancy rate for bat houses in our study was 48% for colonies and 28% for individual bats. Mexican free-tailed and Myotis bats were the main species using the houses, with occasional sightings of pallid and big brown bats. Bats occupied most houses within the first 2 years of placement.


In this paper, the notions of derived sub-algebras and solvable BCK-algebras are introduced and some properties are given. We introduce the notion of commutators in BCK-algebras and also discuss their properties. It has been found that the sub-algebras, isomor phic image and inverse image of a solvable BCK- algebras are still solvable BCK-algebras.


It is common knowledge that Eugene O'Neill acquainted himself with Oriental religion during the 1920's. The climax of The Fountain (completed in 1922) dramatizes a mystical vision involving Buddhist and Moslem priests; The Great God Brown (1925) alludes to Nirvana and transmigration; the protagonist of Lazarus Laughed (1926) resembles Buddha in his serenity and non-egoism. Thus far, however, discussion of O'Neill's Orientalism has largely confined itself to exploring the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism on particular plays, neglecting the impact on his art of the Chinese religion of Taoism. 1 This is surprising, given the preference he expressed for this particular mystical philosophy in a 1932 letter to Frederic Carpenter about the "considerable reading in Oriental philosophy and religion" he confessed to doing "many years ago." "The mysticism of Lao-tse and Chuang-Tzu," O'Neill continued, "probably interested me more than any other Oriental writing."2 The influence of these two major Taoist philosophers is especially apparent in Marco Millions, which concerns the conflict between the Western materialism of Marco Polo and the serene spirituality of the Chinese society he encounters. Taoist teachings on life, death, and the illusory nature of the ego are reflected in the speeches of the play's Chinese characters. Moreover, its central figures demonstrate in their personalities or relationships the rhythms of the Tao, the cosmic force around which Taoist thought revolves. This play about East meeting West remains, in the final analysis, within Western theatrical and philosophical traditions; but a Taoist counterpoint adds tension and depth to the play's vision, and offers insight into O'Neill's mystical temper. The playwright's interest in China was not confined to its religions. In 1922 (a year before beginning work on Marco Millions) he wrote Kenneth Macgowan that his family's "plans


At least nine and possibly as many as twelve extinction events of global or near-global extent can be discriminated in the mid-Palaeozoic (earliest Silurian to Early Carboniferous), on the basis of brachiopod, coral, conodont and ammonoid data, and the history of carbonate build-ups. From a review of new and available carbon and oxygen isotopic data from whole-rocks and brachiopods from Australian carbonate sequences precisely constrained by conodont data, distinct isotopic responses to these extinction events may be discerned. There is a good correlation between extinction events and isotopic anomalies with the sense of isotopic shift different for different events. In the Silurian sections there are relatively constant 13C values with sharp and sustained enrichments in 13C at recognized extinction events. The 13C values for the Silurian sections are generally enriched in 13C compared with other low-mid Palaeozoic data. In the Devonian sections, the extinction events correlate with a short-lived depletion in 13C values. The different isotopic responses to periods of marked reduction of biomass and biodiversity in the Silurian and the Devonian implies fundamentally different causes and/or responses to the environmental factors leading to the events. The isotope data across recognized extinction events in the mid-Palaeozoic point to their use in inter-and intra-basin correlation.


Abstract : Researchers were tasked to assess the impact of alternative sea/shore rotation schemes on a sailors professional development, career progression and quality of life.


A new type electromagnetic brake(EMBR) equipment was specially designed for the funnel shape mold and 3D models were built.Numerical simulations of the magnetic fields produced by the new type EMBR equipment were done with ANSYS,and the magnetic field data results were obtained.Subsequently,the magnetic field was coupled with the turbulent flow,the heat transfer and the solidification simultaneously by FLUENT.In the treatment of the magnetic field data,the linear interpolation by FORTRAN was adopted.The casting speed of 5.5 m/min with the depth of the submerged entry nozzle(SEN) of 300 mm was considered.A series of simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of the height of the magnet and the magnetomotive force on both the flow and the temperature fields.The results showed that due to the EMBR effects,the magnet height of 250 mm is much better than that of 300 mm.As for the parameters of the flow field in present work,the magnetomotive force of 8 kA·n is rational;the higher magnetomotive force may cost more unnecessary electrical energy.


Critical Care Medicine • Volume 46 • Number 1 (Supplement) www.ccmjournal.org Learning Objectives: Trigger alerts have shown promise as a viable strategy to identify drugrelated hazardous conditions (DRHCs) and prevent adverse drug events (ADEs), but performance may vary in different patient populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of trigger alerts involving laboratory abnormalities on identifying DRHCs and preventing ADEs between intensive care unit (ICU) and general ward patients. Methods: This was a retrospective, cohort study of an automated trigger alert surveillance system in adult ICU and general ward patients at a large academic medical center over a 12-month period (January 1, 2015 – December 31, 2015). Patients ≥18 years of age with ≥1 of the 20 trigger alerts associated with abnormal laboratory values generated during their hospital stay were included. The primary endpoint was to compare the positive predictive value (PPV) of trigger alerts involving laboratory abnormalities in identifying DRHCs in the ICU and general ward. A DRHC was defined as a drug-induced laboratory abnormality with the potential to cause harm prior to any organ injury transpiring. Results: A total of 870 trigger alerts in 634 unique patients were generated during the study period. The PPV for all 20 trigger alerts that identified DRHCs was 0.29. Alerts in the general ward performed better than the ICU (PPV, 0.31 vs. 0.25, respectively). The rate of DRHCs was about 7times higher in the ICU over nonICU patients (7.5 vs. 0.9 events per 1000 patient-days, respectively, p < 0.0001). The overall incidence of ADEs was low (5.4%), but the ICU rate was higher than the general ward (2.3 vs. 0.11 ADEs per 1000 patient-days, respectively, p < 0.001). Most DRHCs were considered mild or moderate in severity; however there were higher rates of severe or life-threatening events in the ICU. Alerts resulting in accurately identifying DRHCs, drug therapy was either modified or discontinued in the majority of those patients (74%). Conclusions: Overall, most trigger alerts were associated with low PPVs in identifying DRHCs with those generated in the general ward performed better than the ICU. Poor trigger alert performance in identifying drug-induced events may contribute to alert fatigue. Logic-based rule criteria associated with trigger alerts should be continuously re-evaluated to improve performance and optimize clinician response.


In this note, we obtain the central limit theorem for linearly positive quadrant dependent random fields satisfying some assumptions on the covariances and the moment condition $supE\mid X_i\mid^3\;


Description COVAX distributed 1.84 billion vaccine doses, but many came too late. Can the world do better next time? COVAX distributed 1.84 billion vaccine doses, but many came too late. Can the world do better next time?


The purpose of this literature review is to gain an overview of the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) within each of the body systems and how it contributes to normal and pathophysiological states. The review showed that there are multiple functions of PAF that are common to several body systems; however, there is little evidence to explain why PAF has this affect across multiple systems. Interestingly, there seems to be conflicting research as to whether PAF is an overall protective or pathogenic pathway. Within this research, it was found that there are different pathways depending on the specific body system, as well as between body systems. However, one universal function reported in the literature is of PAF as a pro-inflammatory molecule. Overall, this review identified five major functions of PAF: vasoconstriction, increased inflammation, vascular remodeling, increased edema, and endothelial permeability.


The fatigue crack growth lognormal random process model based on time and the model based on crack length are usually used in the reliability and damage tolerance analysis. These models are identical under special conditions. Based on these models, a new method of evaluating the auto correlative parameter in the usual stationary normal random process by the experimental data is established. Using this method, the value of the correlative parameter can be evaluated directly on the basis of the experimental data. At the same time, the confidence interval of the parameters is obtained by using Monte Carlo method. At the end, a numerical example is given. In this example, four groups of experimental data of the specimens with fastening holes under pseudorandom spectrum loading, those obtained from 93 specimens, are used to determine correlative parameters.


The paper presents implementation of the student model in the design pattern intelligent tutoring system. The student model is created by using a model template which is filled in with new attribute values. The same principle can be applied to other ITS as well.


Memory is an essential function of our cognition that helps us to remember events, learn lessons and preserve emotions; to live each day with new learning and optimum behavior. There have been talks on using safe nootropic drugs to enhance Memory in healthy patients with memory disorders. The ancient sages of Ayurveda and Vedic civilizations advocate learning and memorizing many hymns and verses by their pupils. It leads to the discovery of the cognition and memory enhancing drugs known as Medhya Rasayana. Ayurveda possesses a treasure of Medhya Rasayana, known as nootropics. This review aims to elaborate on and explain the Ayurvedic concept of memory and nootropics about the contemporary concept. Online research databases like DHARA, Ayush Research Portal, Pubmed, Google Scholar, etc., were searched for relevant research articles by applying adequate keywords. Ayurvedic concepts of Buddhi, acquisition of knowledge, Medha, and Medhya Rasayana were reviewed from Ayurvedic classics. This paper discusses the contemporary concept of memory along with its classification, mechanisms of production, and probable mode of its enhancement. The well-described Ayurvedic concept of the cognitive process and Medha and Pragya (intellect) have been analyzed, elaborated, and explained as per contemporary knowledge. A few Medhya drugs like Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Mandookaparni (Centella asiatica), Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis), and Vacha (Acorus calamus) are analyzed for their properties explained in Ayurveda and their neuropharmacological activities in the light of recent experimental and clinical studies. The probable two groups based upon the mode of action of Medhya drugs- one which promotes Dhriti and the other which promotes Medha (mainly Dhi & Smriti) are also discussed. In conclusion, memory enhancement in healthy and pathological states is requisite in today's competitive world. With its vast treasure of Medhya drugs, Ayurveda can greatly help in this field


INTRODUCTION
Despite the overall excellent efficacy of pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral (DAA) options, there is still a small percentage of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who do not respond to therapy.

OBJECTIVES
This analysis was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of pangenotypic retreatment in pangenotypic failures.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study included patients treated with the pangenotypic regimen selected from the EpiTer-2 database, real-world project evaluating DAA-based treatment in Poland.

RESULTS
Among 15,123 patients, 4,345 received one course of pangenotypic treatment (PAN-group) and 48 patients were retreated with pangenotypic regimens after pangenotypic failure (PAP-group). Patients from PAP-group were more often males (79% vs 53%, P<0.001), had higher BMI (27.5 IQR:25.7-30.1 vs 25.7 IQR: 22.9-28.7 kg/m2, P<0.001), were more often infected with genotype (GT) 3 (58% vs 27%, P<0.001) and more frequently had liver cirrhosis (46% vs 21%, P<0.001) compared with the PAN-group. Importantly, no significant difference in treatment effectiveness was found between PAP and PAN-groups with sustained virologic response (SVR) rate of 89.6% vs 93.7% (P=0.39) in intent-to-treat and 91.5% vs 97.6% (P=0.17) in per protocol analysis. The selection of a specific retherapy regimen did not affect SVR.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated the excellent effectiveness of pangenotypic regimens and that most DAA non-responders could be successfully retreated with next pangenotypic regimen. The best retreatment strategy is a triple pangenotypic regimen, especially in patients with unfavorable response factors such as GT3 infection, cirrhosis, and male sex.


The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation and relationship between motivational factors and job satisfaction of generation Y employees of SMEs in HCM city, Vietnam. The motivational factors are Rewards, Leadership styles and Organizational commitment factor. The study uses survey strategy to collect the data from 245 Vietnamese SMEs employees and uses quantitative method to test the correlation and relationship between motivational factors and job satisfaction of generation Y employees of SMEs in HCM city, Vietnam. Results study indicate that there is a correlation between each motivational factor with job satisfaction. Moreover, there are two factors have a relationship with job satisfaction, that are rewards and leaderships, whereas organizational commitment didn't have a relationship with job satisfaction of generation Y employees of SMEs in HCM city, Vietnam.


We present a new least square method called Symmetrical Least Square Method (SLSM) for linear fitting. It is symmetrical to two groups of fitted trial data. With SLSM, the slope and its uncertainty of a fitting line are given on zero-crossing linear fitting. The preliminary application of the SLSM supports that it has less uncertainty than routine least square method.


Pneumonia is a common respiratory disorder,which affects all age groups. It is the
of leading cause of mortality especially among children and causing significant morbidity in
adults if left untreated. It is leading cause of disability adjusted life years worldwide.
Epidemiology of pneumonia differs among children and adults and so understanding causes
and risk factors is very essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Prevalence and
incidence of pneumonia vary according to geographical distribution and seasonal pattern
also. The burden of pneumonia is well illustrated by the quote of William Osler who
described the disease as the CAPTAIN OF THE MEN OF DEATH.


There are several ways to protect shared building participants' rights provided by the act of shared building participation. But none of them allows protecting participants' rights properly in case of builder's bankruptcy. It is necessary to vest interest s of the shared building participant, that means the participant will be in any case included in the property ownership. Thus, the participant has a part of the property ownership of an object in case of incompleted construction, and the part is proportional to investment. It might become a device to protect interests of the shared building participant.


* Correspondence: email@example.com Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are one of the most important pests of woody plants, with immense economic impact, attacking unthrifty, broken, over-mature, dying, or, rarely, even healthy hosts (Wood, 1982). Among bark beetle species, the larger European elm beetle, Scolytus scolytus (Fabricius, 1775), the smaller European elm beetle, S. multistriatus (Marsham, 1802), and the Mediterranean pine engraver beetle, Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston, 1857), are considered harmful pests of several species of forest and ornamental trees. The first of these species is distributed in Asia and Europe, while the other two are found on most continents (Bright, 2014). All of them are considered destructive pests of forest and ornamental trees in Iran (Abai, 2009). Bark beetles share their microhabitats with many species of mites and other microorganisms. Mites of the family Tarsonemidae are considered important biofactors in association with bark beetles and their communities (Lindquist and Bedard, 1961; Moser, 1985; Lombardero et al., 2003, and others). The feeding habits of tarsonemid associates of bark beetles are mostly unknown (Pseudotarsonemoides, Heterostarsonemus, many Tarsonemus) but some Tarsonemus species are considered fungivores (Lombardero et. al. 2000) while fewer (Iponemus Beer and Nucifora, 1965) feed on eggs of their insect hosts (Lindquist, 1969b). None of the tarsonemids are known to be true parasites of bark beetles, but many use them as phoretic carriers and sometimes can carry and propagate spores of fungi they are feeding on (Moser, 1985; Lombardero et al., 2003). Tarsonemid fauna associated with scolytines has been well studied in some parts of the world (Lindquist, 1969a, 1969b; Smiley and Moser, 1974; 1985; Moser et al., 1989; Khaustov and Magowski, 2003; Magowski and Khaustov, 2006; Magowski, 2010), but is little known in Iran. To date, only a small number of publications have reported six identified and one unidentified species of Tarsonemidae living in association with bark beetles in Iran (Ostovan and Kamali, 1997; Ahadiyat et al., 2004; Magowski et al., 2007; Magowski, 2010; Arabzadeh et al., 2012). The purpose of the present study was to present new and corrected data on species belonging to the genera Pseudotarsonemoides Vitzthum, 1921, Heterotarsonemus Smiley, 1969, and Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876 recovered from galleries and individuals of three bark beetle species from Tehran and Guilan provinces in Iran. The taxonomic classification of Tarsonemidae, detailed diagnoses, and descriptions of genera reported herewith can be found in Lindquist (1986). Mite specimens were removed manually from bark samples or insect individuals collected from forests and minor wooded areas during two periods in Abstract: The authors report on the presence of species of the family Tarsonemidae in association with three bark beetle species (Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston, 1857), Scolytus scolytus (Fabricius, 1775), and S. multistriatus (Marsham, 1802)) in two provinces in Central and Northern Iran. The following mite species are new for the fauna of Iran: Heterotarsonemus hajekae Smiley and Moser, 1985, H. magowskii Khaustov, 2001, and Tarsonemus crassus (Schaarschmidt, 1959). The genus Heterotarsonemus is newly recorded in Asia. The new record of H. hajekae is the second ever known in the world and H. magowskii is now established as new phoront of the bark beetle host O. erosus. Tarsonemus crassus is recorded outside the Europe for the first time. The taxonomy, identification, relationships with beetle hosts, and biogeography of the newly recorded mite species are briefly discussed.


l l species of oribatids were collected on Easter Island. 2 species are new to science; a new subspecies of Carabodes imperfectus Selln. is established, and 8 are well-known species. In 1967 Mr G. Schlatzer, M. F., who had been sent out to Easter Island by.the UNESCO in order to afforest parts of the island with its indigenous tree Sophora toromiro and others, at my suggestion collected some oribatids. For the help thus given to me I offer Mr Schlatzer my most cordial thanks. Unfortunately it was not possible to take more than 10 samples, from which the mites were expelled immediately after the sampling. The samples were taken in the southwestern part of the Rano Kao crater, about 50 meters from the edge of the lake, 21 September 1967. Rano Kao is filled by a lake said to be extremely deep and its surface is covered by moss belonging to an endemic species of Campylopus. The lake is bordered by a fringe of totora (=Scirpus riparius), Cyperus vegetus, and Polygonum acuminatum, all of which are of American origin and are unknown in prehistoric Polynesia (Heyerdahl & Skottsberg; in part) ; they were probably introduced from the Andes countries. The walls of the crater rise steeply, 100-200 meters above the surface of the lake. Among scree and rocks a number of more or less indigenous species are growing, as well as species which have strayed into the place from the prehistoric and historical colonizations. Among the Filicinae there are Microlepsia strigosa and others; among seed plants there are Thespesia populnea, which may be spontaneous, and Solanum insulae-paschalis. Also present are adventive species and/or species which have run wild, such as Caesalpinia bonduc, sugar cane, banana, paper mulberry, and from historical times, pineapple, coffee, lemon-orange, fig, grape, Robinia, Melia azedarach, and Cupressus macrocarpa (information from Mr Schlatzer). The 10 samples collected by Schlatzer have been classified in accordance with their humidity, so that I-III which were taken at the edge of the totora fringe, with a bottom vegetation of mosses, are "wet" ; IV-Vll, which were taken in moss, are "dry"; and VIIIX, which were taken on an open island of moss, are "medium". The Roman numeral after each species indicates the number of the sample, and the Arabic numeral denotes the number of individuals found. Nothrus oceanicus Sellnick Fig. 1. Nothrus oceanicus Selln., 1959: 110, fig. 1. Sample. Vl l : 1 adult. Length: 0.72 mm. The single specimen described by Sellnick is 0.765mm long. The present 1. Roland, Fredensborg 3480, Denmark. 280 Pacific Insects Vol. 12, no. 2 specimen agrees with Sellnick's description of a ^ from Raivavae, SE Polynesia. An additional description of the ventral side of which only few details are mentioned by Sellnick follows (fig.l). Epimeres I-li from the 2 sides fused. Epimeres IV separated by a deep indentation which cuts halfway between epimeres III. Epimeric hair formula 6 : 4 : 4 : 4 . All epimeric hairs appear as short and thick rods, perhaps because they are seen in an erect position. In the only specimen found they are not arranged completely symmetrically (see epimeres I-H). Epimeres pitted and distinctly punctate; faint chitinous knobs can be seen along their borders. There are 9 pairs of genital hairs which are more or less erect and seem short and thick. Seven hairs situated in a longitudinal row and 1 displaced slightly at anterolateral to the third and with another near lateroposterior border. Genital plates faintly pitted or reticulate. Aggenital plates separated from posterior border of epimeres IV by a narrow slit. Anal hairs short, thick, and dull. Adanal hairs ad3 and ad2 slightly longer, broader, and more leaf-shaped. Adi is leaf shaped with a middle rib like Op2, Opl, and PN3, but shorter. Nothrus oceanicus, which is very similar to N. biciliatus C. L. Koch, can be distinguished from the latter by its number of epimeric hairs (N. biciliatus 6 : 5 : 4 : 4 according to Sellnick & Forsslund, 1955) and by the appearance and position of the genital hairs (N. biciliatus has 8 long and pointed hairs in a longitudinal row, and 1 on the lateroposterior border according to Sellnick and Forsslund, 1955: fig. 35). TV. biciliatus is furthermore considerably larger. According to Sellnick (1959) it is 0.92 mm, and Willmann (1931) states it to be 0.925. Oppiella nova (Oudemans) Samples. I I : 2 ; III : 4; IV : 4; V : 1; Vl l : 2 ; VIII: 4 ; IX : 1; X: 1; all adults. Length : 0.25-0.28 mm. The specimens examined do not differ from the main form described from Europe. Hydrozetes lemnae (Coggi) Samples: 1: 1 adult (young individual); I I : 1 tritonymph. Length: 0.46 mm. The single adult specimen found differs from the specimens I examined from Ram, Jordan, and New Zealand by being distinctly pitted on the dorsal surface of the hysFig. 1. Nothrus oceanicus Selln., ventral side. 1970 Hammer : Easter I. oribatid mites 281 terosoma; this sculpture can perhaps be seen only in young individuals. Tectocepheus velatus (Mich.) Samples. VIII: 5 ; IX : 4 ; X : 12; all adults. Length: 0.26-0.28 mm. The cuspis is narrow at the tip and together with the general appearance, it is a typical T. velatus, although small in size. Austrocarabodes imperfectus (Sellnick) squamosus Hammer, new subspecies Fig. 2. Carabodes imperfectus Selln., 1959: 119, fig. 4b.-Aoki, 1966: 770, fig. 1-7. Aoki (1966) partially described the species from Midway Island. The original description was made from an incomplete specimen. The specimens from Easter I. agree in all essential characters with the specimens from Midway I., but differ in several characters of less importance, but which warrants its establishment as a new subspecies. Fig. 2. Austrocarabodes imperfectus (Selln.) squamosus, n. subsp.: a, dorsal side; b, tip of propodosoma; c, ventral side. 282 Pacific Insects Vol. 12, no. 2 Samples. 1: 13 ; I I : 9; III: 33; VIII: 6; X : 1, all adults. Length: 0.42 (0.51)-0.57mm (in 13 specimens) As stated by Aoki the anterior end of the lamella in this species is angulate. This cannot, however, be seen in a dorsal view. When it is laid bare, i. e. when crushed, a big triangular cuspis appears between the lamellar and the rostral hair (fig. 2b). The rostrum, which in a dorsal view projects but slightly beyond the translamella, is, when laid bare, almost as long as broad. A V-shaped figure can be seen immediately in front of the translamella. Lamellar hairs almost reach tip of rostrum. Sellnick states that the part in front of the translamella is distinctly pitted and he indicates pits or knobs on the propodosoma as well as on the hysterosoma. At the same time, he writes that the "surface of hysterosoma not perfectly smooth, but lacks both knobs and pits." Aoki shows a pitted lamella. The specimens from Easter I. have no pits anywhere. The sculpture of both the dorsal and the ventral surface consists of fine irregular jagged lines, which on the posterior part of the propodosoma run obliquely towards the anterior border of the hysterosoma. On the hysterosoma the lines are more or less longitudinal near the anterior border, oblique in the middle of the hysterosoma, and in the posterior part of the hysterosoma they run in transverse curves. They give the surface a scaly appearance (hence the subspecific name). As Aoki pointed out, the hairs Ia, le, 2a, and 3a are considerably shorter than the rest. The 4 pairs of genital hairs are much longer than described by Aoki, and the same is true of the aggenital hairs. The adanal hairs are pointed, short, and thick (fig. 2c). The differences between the species and the specimens from Easter Island are aU of minor importance and do not justify the establishment of a new species. The species agrees with the species Austrocarahodes from New Zealand (Hammer 1966 : 59, fig. 82-84) by having 14 pairs of notogastral hairs (none of them situated on the shoulder) ; by the position of the rostral hairs on the dorsal surface behind the tip of the rostrum; by having 4 pairs of genital hairs ; and by the sharp medioposterior tip of the anal plates. Epimeric hair formula 3 : 1 : 3 : 3 (not 4 in epimere IV as stated by Hammer 1966: 59, the 4th one being caused by a light puncture near the sternal plate). Siculobata Sicula (Berl.) Siculobata Sicula Granjean, 1953 : 128, fig. 4-6. Samples. I : 1; Vll : 1. Length: 0.42; 0.48mm. The 2 specimens found agree with the description by Grandjean except that 1 specimen has only 4 sacculi on either side of the hysterosoma while the others have 4 on the left side, 5 on the right side, all of them very distinctly noticeable on the completely clean surface. Grandjean states that there are always more than 4 sacculi on each side. Scheloribates praeincisus (Berl.) var. interruptus Berl. Fig. 3 Scheloribates praeincisus (Berl.) var. interruptus Berl., 1916: 315. Protoribates {Scheloribates) praeincisus v. interruptus Willm., 1931: 273, fig. 45.—Sellnick, 1925: 82, fig. 4-5. 1970 Hammer : Easter I. oribatid mites 283 Samples. 1: 1; I I : 2; III : 3, all adults. Length: 0.35 (0.38)-0.41 mm. The present specimens in all essential characters agree with the description of the main form given by Sellnick, and in details in the description of the variety interruptus given by Willman. As both authors did not figure the notogastral hairs due to their minute size, a figure of the dorsal side is illustrated. It is necessary to add only a few characters to the previous descriptions. Pseudostigmatic organs as longish clubs, rounded at tip and set with minute bristles. Notogastral hairs hardly discernible, easily seen in profile on posterior border. Hairs pl set very close together. Hair pores longish, narrow in middle, or divided into 2 parts, with the hair issuing from the smaller part. All tarsi with 3 claws as Willmann stated for the variety. Berlese indicates the length to be 500 jum; Sellnick states from 319 to 462 /xm for the main form; Willman says 345 to 375 Mm for the main form,


Precisely composition-tuned white-light-emissive lanthanide-organic thin films are fabricated using the combined atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique. The emission colour characteristics are comparable (and even exceeding) those measured for commercial incandescent...


The published articles and the citation index of the Journal of Disease Surveillance(DS) ,2003-2006 were statistically analyzed by using of the bibliometrics methods for improving the quality of DS.Among 1082 papers published in the period of four years,50 articles received supports by various kinds of research funds.92.1% of articles distributed in the institutes of disease control,with the first authors covering 31 provinces(cities,autonomous region) of the country.The references of the papers published in DS were mostly in Chinese and English with the reference type mainly being journals and books.The price index increased year by year while the impact factor increased from 0.159 in 2003 to 0.621 in 2006,with the total frequency of citation increasing from 332 in 2003 to 633 in 2006.In recent years,DS had achieved some progresses,but problems were still existed.For example,the fund-aided papers were lack,the distribution of institutes and region of authors were imbalance.This research indicated that it was necessary for DS to intensify soliciting contributions and expanding the paper source to the improve the academic level and its influence comprehensively.


Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells (DC) results in rapid protein kinase and transcription factor activation leading to enhanced expression of genes encoding a variety of cytokines and costimulatory molecules. CD40 does not contain cytoplasmic sequences with catalytic activity and transmits signals relying on the use of TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs), a family of adapter proteins that are involved in signaling by the TNF receptor family and the toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family members. Cell-permeable TRAF6 and TRAF2/3/5 blocking peptides (TRAFBPs) corresponding to the TRAF6 or TRAF2/3/5 binding region of CD40 were employed to better define the roles of TRAF2 and TRAF6 in CD40 signaling in DC. Both TRAF6BP and TRAF2BP inhibited CD40-stimulated DC production of TNF and IL-6, but did not impact CCL2 and CXCL8 production. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited by both TRAF6BP and TRAF2BPs, whereas JNK, p65 and AKT phosphorylation were abrogated by TRAF6, but not by TRAF2BP. Both TRAF6BP and TRAF2BP have no effect on p38 MAP kinase activation. During antigen presentation to T cells, pre-incubation of DC with TRAF6BP and TRAF2BP effectively inhibited Th1 and Th17 differentiation, but did not impact activation of IL-10-producing T cells. Thus, targeting TRAF:CD40 interactions in DC may provide a means to selectively modulate DC function.


With the parallel and perpendicular components of high harmonics generated by using aligned N2 molecules, we propose a method to retrieve the alignment distribution induced by the aligning laser based on the quantitative rescattering theory. And the intensity of pump laser and gas temperature can be precisely determined as well. We find that the intensity ratio between two harmonic components is very sensitive to the inclusion of multiple-orbital contribution in the theory. We thus suggest that it could be used to identify the interference from inner orbitals by tuning input laser power or extending the spectral region of high harmonics.


It is shown how antique ideas on the subdivision of literature into types and genres are revised in the novel by F.M. Klinger «Faustus: his life, death, and descent into hell». The author creates a text that integrates different genres.


Open-loop optimal control problem is formulated and applied to damp out the forced vibrations of a simply supported beam where the control action is implemented using piezoelectric actuators. A Maximum principle is derived to obtain the optimal control law. A convex performance index is introduced as a weighted quadratic functional of the displacement and velocity which is to be minimized at a fixed terminal time with a penalty term related to the minimum expenditure of actuation energy. The Maximum principle given in this paper involves a Hamiltonian which contains an adjoint variable and the control function. The problem is reduced to solving a system of coupled partial differential equations for the state variable and the adjoint variable subject to boundary, initial and terminal conditions. The method of solution involves Fourier-sine expansion to transform the original problem into the optimal control of lumped parameter system where the optimal control is determined by the derived Maximum principle. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the applicability and the efficiency of the proposed method.


Raman and infrared-reflectivity spectroscopies were used to investigate the optical phonon modes of the cubic-incommensurate and tetragonal-commensurate phases of Bi3NbO7 ceramic samples. For both structures, the observed features could be well described by applying the factor-group method to average oxygen-deficient fluorite subcells; i.e., it was possible to predict the correct number and the activities of the observed phonon modes. The spectra showed rather broad bands, which are mainly for the cubic-incommensurate phase, probably because of the disorder of the oxygen vacancies and the folding of the Brillouin zone due to the modulation of the atomic positions. This can partially explain the higher quality factor and the potential interest in the tetragonal phase of this material for applications in microwave devices.