Butterfly valves are the most popular control devices in ventilation and air conditioning systems. The results of experimental and numerical (CFD) investigations of a commonly used valve having a thin-flat-sharp-edge disk and blockage ratio d/D = 0.947 have been presented. Flow characteristics, flow patterns and pressure distributions in the disk vicinity have beenshown and discussed. Steady-state, three-dimensional, laminar and turbulent flows (10 3 < Re < 2×10 4 ) have been analyzed. It is shown that the literature data differ considerably from our new experimental and numerical results. Based on the new results an improved flow characteristics equation K=f(d/D, α, Re) valid for d/D = 0.947 has been proposed.


We have re-examined in situ resource utilization (ISRU) from the perspective of the extraordinarily successful on-going Mars Exploration Program, more than 30 years after we first alerted the science communities to the break -through advantages ISRU offered for Mars round-trip missions. Since that publication, many investigators have expanded on the original findings and have considered the applicability of this innovative systems -concept to other missions, including crewed Mars round-trips. We know a great deal more about the risks associated with sending humans beyond the Earth's magnetic shield today, but we have not yet devised systems that can sustain human missions to Mars within realistic size and budgetary constraints. This analysis is focused on the application and development of in situ resource utilization, first for remotely controlled probes, and then human missions since a crewed mission to Mars in the foreseeable future is of questionable technical, programmatic and financial feasibility. We reach the dual conclusions that: (1) M ars return missions will benefit greatly (even more than anticipated in the original paper) from the utilization of in situ resources; and (2) although other venues can also enjoy benefits, Mars is uniquely suitable for this concept, because of the high "gearing ratio" of reduced Mars surface mass and the abundance of suitable chemicals from the atmosphere and from shallow surface layers. Consequently, we have put forward an argument for moving from ISRU hardware feasibility studies to the development of d eployable Mars surface systems that can be used to accelerate surface exploration. That approach can reduce the time interval between sequential surface exploration probe deployments while helping evolve a robotic surface exploration architecture that can accommodate reprogramming from a Mars surface base utilizing Earth-based exploration managers. Our proposed reprioritization of technology developments leads also to a more sustainable path toward human arrival.


The present invention relates to an epoxy resin composition and its application, the epoxy resin composition comprising an epoxy resin containing phosphorus and bromine, may be used for preparing prepreg materials of copper clad laminates. By using the present invention is an epoxy resin containing phosphorus and bromine, and wherein the phosphorus and bromine content and a specific ratio to obtain an epoxy resin composition, flame retardancy UL94 V-0 up stage; the use of the epoxy resin composition prepared prepregs and laminates having a low moisture absorption, good heat resistance, adhesion, reactivity and workability, compared with the conventional high CTI large sheet of aluminum hydroxide filled, The present invention may be little or no aluminum hydroxide can meet tracking index (CTI) ≧ 600V.


The North American Free Trade Agreement (1992) and the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (1993) fundamentally affect UNESCO and International Telecommunications Union attempts to promote global communications equity. Essentially, NAFTA and GATT shield communication policies from citizens, and shift international communication policy out of UNESCO and the ITU. In so doing, these agreements institute a transnational politics of `limited democracy'. In contrast, we offer theories of pragmatic and communicative democracy as a means to think about democratic communication in the context of international communication policy and a range of new communication technologies and services.


Aim To determine polysaccharide Contents in chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai with three different textures.Methods The UV spectrophotometry was used to determine polysaccharide in Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai.Result The content of polysaccharide in Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai with three different textures was 5.7%,5.0% and 5.1%.Conclusion This method is simple reproducible.The results is accurate and reliable.


Using a proprietary, recent shell reverse mergers (SRMs) sample, we analyze the financial profiling, financing event specifics, disclosure levels, and governance schemes of the private companies that are quoted on lower visibility platforms. We examine SRMs forward in time and identify a unique sample of SRMs that is successful getting upgraded to main U.S. stock exchanges. We report their financial characteristics and how they differ from the SRMs that do not manage to get upgraded. Further, we delve into the pricing, source of financing, and contractual terms of PIPE transactions that constitute their main capital raising events. We also note any differences in the financing and governance characteristics surrounding SRM firm listing changes. Our study contributes to the empirical going public literature by identifying the determinants of successful companies within lower visibility platforms and by justifying the necessity of the private secondary market's existence.


Feeding experiments using the Bacillus thuringiensisδ‐endotoxins, CryIA(c) and CryIIIA, were conducted with herbivorous insects from various orders (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera) in the laboratory. The mortality data obtained indicate a species‐specific susceptibility of the insects to the toxins whereby the feeding habits of the given animal seem to play a negligible part. An unexpected, severely damaging effect of CryIIIA on caterpillars was established, for the first time. By computing various development and nutritional indices it could be shown that retarded growth of the insects tested may not only be traced back to reduced feeding but also to a decreased utilization of food containing an endotoxin. The insect gut seems to be the site of operation and of storage or complete degradation of the endotoxins because neither in the faeces nor in the haemolymph and fat body, could the toxins and their degradation products, respectively, be detected hitherto by means of gel electrophoreses. An altering effect of the toxins on the gut‐microflora pattern is indicated from the first examinations but has to be further confirmed. Finally the applicability of these trials in corresponding examinations of transgenic plants producing B. thuringiensis toxin is dicussed.


Philosophy has unique features different from other disciplines. It through the most abstract language categories summarily expresses and presents human's creative ability and enterprising spirit different from animal. Philosophy is critical in nature. This criticalness embodied in philosophy should constantly awaken, develop and promote self-consciousness of human. Understanding the nature and function of philosophy is to follow the nature of philosophy, promote teaching reform. By class and extracurricular forms and means trains and cultivates variously students' creative thinking ability.


A Doppler bins elimination algorithm for a global positioning system (GPS) signal acquisition system is proposed. We use a two-step digital down conversion scheme in which an estimated Doppler frequency corresponds with two frequencies in the received signal. The Doppler bins are eliminated to 50% of the conventional scheme. Simulation results showed that the average acquisition time can be reduced to 50% under normal GPS signal condition1.


1. This study intends to develop a significant guidance program in learning and to propose considerations through analysing the learning habit and its function of the students in the Primary Teacher Training Institution.
 2. Learning habit may use alternately with learning attitude in definition and it includes learning, motivation, learning attitude, learning skill and reading skill.
 3. Learning habit test for the freshmen by sex shows that female students are more higher in raw score, mean and critical ration than male students. The study reveals the following CR. Motivation, and Technique factors P>. 10, Remainder factor P>. 001. Total Scones P>. 01
 4. The frequency distribution of total scores by sex of the freshmen is shown by the bimodal distribution and this seems to indicate the foundamental characteristics of the student groups who are admitted in 1969. This means the first group is goal minded with strong motivation and the second selected group is weak in motivation. This point should be paid much attention by the college authority through the proper program to strenghthen the latter group.
 5. The mean and CR of the raw score for the sophomore shows by far high in mean with the female students. CR shows as follows: Motivation, P>.01 Technique P>.001 Remainder P>. 001and Total score is P>.001. Each factor shows significant level.
 6. CR of the male students between the freshmen and sophomore shows no significance by P>.10 throughout the each factor of motivation, technique, remainder and total score. This cause should be eliminated and provided with proper guidance program by the college authority.
 7. Correlation of the female students between the freshmen and sophomore shows no notable deviation by Mean is P>.001, and Total score is P>.01.
 8. In item analysing of the learning habits inventory, most item scores concerned with reading skill shows considerably low. Proper guidance for the reading skill should be given to meet this defect.
 9. The reading activity of students shows 80.8%.
 10. Reading books relating with professonal major shows only 27.5% with critical problem.
 11. The motive for reading has not notable relation with the purpose of study and it shows no marked influences by the teacher or senior students in reading.
 12. Students know their own deficiencies in reading. It requires the desirable reading guidance to meet their needs in reading.
 13. In the items of refering to the reading guidance in the secondary school, the study shows that lack of stimulus, encouragement, reading materials, and facilities for the reading purpose. Besides, professional guidance such as misreading, eye movement and lip movement should be provided adequately for the efficient reading of the students.


Background and purpose: Sand flies are widespread in Iran and are vectors of leishmaniasis and pappatci fever in most parts of the country including Southern Khorasan Province. Faunistic and ecological studies of these flies are necessary in order to implement proper vector control programs. This research was conducted to determine the sand flies fauna in Southern Khorasan province. Materials and methods: Sand fly specimens were collected from seven cities in Southern Khorasan province during May to August 2012 using sticky paper traps. The specimens were identified and their monthly activity and frequency in the province were measured. Results: In this study, a total of 1294 insect specimens was collected of which 171 sand flies were identified. Species belonged to Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia genera including four species: Phlebotomus sergenti s.l., Ph. papatasi, Sergentomyia sintoni and S. dentata. Phlebotomus sergenti s.l. was the dominant species in this study which is also the main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. The most and the least abundances were observed in Darmian (29.2%) and Boshrooye cities (1%), respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, two vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis were found to be active in studied area. Ph. sergenti s.l. was the dominant species in all study areas with relatively high frequency especially in July. Therefore, the health system of the province should be aware of the potential of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in these areas.


LAND COVER CHANGE Land cover change shows how the land has been managed; the monitoring of land cover has been made possible by availability of satellite imagery since the commissioning of Landsat satellite in the early 1970s. To conduct change detection, a comparison of two or more satellite images (acquired at different dates) can be used to evaluate the spectral and temporal changes that have occurred between them.


In preparation for an abdominal tumor debulking procedure, a patient had a right internal jugular central venous catheter (CVC) inserted. A radiologist interpreted a postoperative chest radiograph as containing a 7-cm foreign body in the distal lumen of the CVC. After removal, dissection of the CVC revealed a polyurethane plug in the distal lumen. The manufacturer (Arrow®) states that the synthetic plug is part of standard CVC construction that may produce a radiopaque signal with specific patient positioning during radiography. This report is intended to raise awareness of the potential for this radiographic finding and prevent the unnecessary removal of clinically indicated CVCs.


The organisational cultures of businesses and institutions of all kinds have massive implications for society, from day-to-day working conditions, to the impact organisations have on the environment and the economy. In this post, Andrew Day, presents evidence from a recent study into cultural change initiatives and argues that a social perspective of organisations as being, rather than having, a culture, is vital to delivering meaningful changes.


In the present study, the influence of the flow parameters of the cooling water on the operating conditions of the condenser is evaluated. The above, by simulating codes that represent the thermal behavior of the equipment. The study focuses on the influence of the temperature and the flow rate of the cooling water on the pressure, heat transfer coefficient, and exergy efficiency of the condenser. Additionally, mathematical correlations are made between these operating variables. The study shows that the flow of cooling water causes a reduction in the condenser pressure. However, it does improve its heat transfer capacity. On the other hand, a 2 °C increase in temperature produces a 6% increase in condenser pressure. Pressure levels above 8.5 kPa cause a considerable reduction in the energy and exergetic efficiency of the condenser. Similarly, the exergetic efficiency of the condenser is also affected by heat losses to the environment. Additionally, the increase in temperature allows the condenser to operate at a higher exergy efficiency. Finally, the development of the correlations carried out can become a tool for evaluating the performance of the condenser under different operating conditions.


This paper proposed the skeleton model to generate human body models for predicting dynamic BAN channels by considering the simplified body geometry in analytical study. The numerical human body model was exported into skeleton in bvh (bio-vision hierarchy) file format. The cylinder body model is constructed by shaping the necessary bones of skeleton by cylinder. The feasibility of model is assessed by FDTD simulation. The results show reasonable agreement between channels calculated from the complex and simplified body models. By using skeleton, the motion data can be transferred into a small size file without losing necessary information for channel prediction.


Irradiation of dichromated polyvinyl alcohol and dichromated polyacrylic acid DC(PVA-PAA) at 365 nm was investigated in order to understand the involvement of the polymeric matrix in the reduction process of the Cr(VI) leading to the formation of the hologram. The photochemical evolution of the matrix was directly correlated to the disappearance of the absorbing species, chromium(VI). A special attention was paid to the absorption profile of the films. Due to the impermeability of the polymer, no oxidation proceeded. The reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(V) induced the formation of carboxylate species perfectly correlated with the consumption of carboxylic groups. Besides the acido-basic reaction undergone by the carboxylic groups, the reduction of Cr(VI) provoked the cross-linking of the polymer. Each polymer appears to play a specific role in the mechanism.


Automated testing of spoken language is the subject of much current research. Elicited Imitation (EI), or sentence repetition, is well suited for automated scoring, but does not directly test a broad range of speech communication skills. An Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) tests a broad range of skills, but is not as well suited for automated scoring. Some have suggested that EI can be used as a predictor of more general speech communication abilities. We examine EI for this purpose. A fully automated EI test is used to predict OPI scores. Experiments show strong correlation between predicted and actual OPI scores. Effectiveness of OPI score prediction depends upon at least two important design decisions. One of these decisions is to base prediction primarily on acoustic measures, rather than on transcription. The other of these decisions is the choice of sentences, or EI test items, to be repeated. It is shown that both of these design decisions can greatly impact performance. It is also shown that the effectiveness of individual test items can be predicted.


Study samples were collected at six sites in the Wegierka Zwykla plum orchard at five different time points (from April to October 1999). Quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora inhabiting plum trees significantly depended on their occurrence in soil and air. Qualitative microbial analysis revealed the presence of 30 species of bacteria, 20 species of yeasts and 60 cultures of moulds. The highest counts in the samples were found for microorganisms of the genera Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Rhodotorula, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Trichoderma. Yeast strains belonging to the genera Rhodotorula, Candida and Debaryomyces, Aerobasidium, and filamentous fungi of Rhizopus nigricans species, characterised by relatively good ability ol fermentation of many sugars, dominated on tree surface.


INTRODUCTION Developing closure criteria for Woodcutters Mine in Northern Australia has involved multiple investigations to support site specific thresholds for a number of key indicators including available metals concentrations in soils. In Australia "Enduring Value" of the Mineral Council of Australia promotes the need to have rigorous mine closure programs well in advance of mining completion and identifies the need to have quantitative indicators of rehabilitation success.


We have constructed a dual-band ultraviolet photodetector by growing high quality MgxZn1−xO layers on Si substrate with molecular beam epitaxy. The device performance was studied by current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, spectra photoresponse, and time-resolved photoresponse characterizations. It demonstrates a high UV/visible light rejection ratio of more than 2 orders of magnitude and a fast response speed of less than 100 ms. The cutoff wavelength can be at solar-blind (280 nm)/visible-blind (301 nm) region by applying 1 V forward/2 V reverse bias. The working principle of the dual-band photodetector was finally investigated by interpretation of the specific carrier transport behavior with the energy band diagram.


With the rapid development of the tendency such as following the steps of time,being integrated,putting into practice,relapsing the traditions in mortal-education work in foreign countries the mortal education ought to make a great changes in varies ways,form the subjects to the objects;from the means to the aims;from the forms to the contents;from the directions to the effectiveness,etc.therefore the new view on mortal education should be written out.


For solid–liquid separation, filter meshes are still used across large areas today, as they offer a cost-effective alternative, for example, compared to membranes. However, particle interaction leads to a continuous blocking of the pores, which lowers the flow rate of the mesh and reduces its lifetime. This can be remedied by filter aids. In precoat filtration, these provide an already fully formed filter cake on the fabric, which acts as a surface and depth filter. This prevents interaction of the particles to be separated with the mesh and thus increases the service life of the mesh. In this work, the influence of a precoat layer with different fibre lengths of cellulose on the filtration behavior is investigated. A satin with a pore size of 11 µm is used as the filter medium. The effects of the precoat layer on the filter media resistance, the filter cake resistance, the turbidity impact, and the regenerability of the fabrics are investigated. This study shows an overview of the suitability of various cellulose fibres based on different aspects as filter aids for particles in ultrafine filtration.


On the premise that the purpose of structural engineering is to produce optimal structures, design is optimized for a single-degree structure characterized by two limit states which can occur only in a fixed order: non-structural damage and collapse, and two design parameters: stiffness and resistance. These parameters are dealt with explicitly; they include a typical cross-sectional dimension of a structural member and a typical area of reinforcement, assuming that the structure is of reinforced concrete. Uncertainties in the various variables and design parameters are treated explicitly. This example illustrates the method of optimization. Determination of seismicity is of greatest importance in this respect. Seismicity is discussed in the appendix, covering its regional, local, and microregional aspects. /TRRL/


Nasal hyper-reactivity (NG) is a clinical phenomenon manifested by increased individual sensitivity of the nasal mucosa to factors that do not cause symptoms in healthy people. The concept of nasal hyperreactivity is accepted in the world literature and implies increased reactivity of the nasal mucosa caused by various physical, chemical or pharmacological stimuli [1, 2]. Nasal hyper-reactivity is found in 86% of children with bronchial asthma.


This research surveys the differences of fabric mechanical properties with the different looms and the fabric positions according to the warp and weft yarn tensions on the Vamatex and Omega-Panter looms respectively. For this purpose, the grey fabrics woven by PET filament using two test looms are dyed and finished. The processing shrinkages are measured on each processes such as dryer, scouring, pre-set, dyeing and final-set using the fabric density and width. The mechanical properties of the finished fabrics are measured and discussed with relation to the warp and weft yarn tensions of the two looms and the fabric positions. In addition, the fabric thickness according to the fabric positions such as right, left selvedges and center of the fabrics is also measured and discussed with the characteristics of the Vamatex and Omega-Panter looms.


The objective of this paper is to introduce the piecewise constant method in gait design of a planar,under actuated,five-link biped robot model and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages.The piecewise constant method transforms the dynamic optimal control problem into a static problem.更多还原


This paper presents a strain based fatigue model for Pb-free SAC (Sn3.9Ag0.7Cu) solder interconnects based on the results of a designed experiment. Testing consists of temperature cycling CLCC packages soldered to printed wiring board under a fixed 100degC temperature range with the mid-point temperature varying between 25 and 75degC. In addition, the dwell (hold) time at the maximum temperature is varied between 15 and 75 minutes. The mean cycles to failure (N50) is related to the strain range using a numerical regression program. This strain-range failure model captures the observed transition point where fatigue life of SnPb solder is greater than Pb-free SAC solder. Further, the model captures the effect of extended dwell and changes in cycle temperature. The model can be used to predict acceleration factors between test and field conditions


A simple, rapid, low cost and highly sensitive method for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) was developed based on the principle that dispersed AuNPs show a better fluorescence quenching effect than aggregated AuNPs. In the absence of OTA, the aptamer is adsorbed onto the surface of AuNPs, which helps to enhance the stability of AuNPs against salt-induced aggregation, and also enhances the fluorescence quenching of the fluorescein-labeled aptamer. With the addition of OTA, the conformation of the aptamer changed, which induced aggregation of AuNPs in the presence of high-salt conditions. The fluorescence intensity was clearly recovered. The assay showed a linear response toward OTA concentration in the range of 25 nM to 300 nM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9957. The limit of detection for OTA was experimentally determined to be 22.7 nM. This method has the advantages of simple operation, low-cost and high sensitivity compared to conventional methods and can be applied to the detection of real samples.


'Wireless' is being described as the new age telecommunications access and bringing the digital revolution and portability to the people. Others think that it was exotic once but mainstream now. Telephone companies are always searching for the economic means to provide public network access. The way to go may be 'wireless local loop'.


Dear Editor – Pain is one of the commonest symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.1 Although the majority of these patients achieve good pain control if treated according to internationally accepted guidelines,2 up to 14% are estimated to have refractory pain.3 In all, 2–4% of patients with refractory pain are deemed to benefit from spinal analgesia,3,4 but a very small number of patients also fail to respond to spinal analgesia. These patients may benefit from neurolytic techniques such as subarachnoid or epidural neurolysis, which have been described in the past for use in cancer patients.5,6 As the evidence base regarding the use of spinal neurolytic techniques is scarce and few centres, particularly in the United Kingdom, perform these techniques today, we would like to describe the use of epidural phenol in two patients where systemic and epidural application of a combination of analgesic medication was unsuccessful. Phenol is a neurolytic agent with local anaesthetic properties. Salmon, et al7 described good pain control in 14 of 15 cancer patients when phenol was injected into the epidural space. On our specialist palliative care inpatient unit, we use systemic and epidural application of analgesics as per internationally accepted guidelines to manage pain in patients referred to us.8 When a combination of opioids, local anaesthetic and clonidine via the epidural route fail, we decide to use phenol. 7–10 mL of 6–10% phenol in glycerol and water is injected into the epidural catheter over 5 min. The epidural infusion of analgesics is then recommenced at the same dose as prior to neurolysis to prevent increase in pain or opioid withdrawal in the terminal phase of the patients' illness.


This study introduces a new method for predicting cost elasticity with respect to changes in sales that incorporates cost asymmetry at the firm-year level. The new method is based on widely available factors that are expected to influence cost behavior. The new method is subject to fewer data restrictions than the method proposed by Weiss (2010). By extending the cost variability and cost stickiness (CVCS) model of Banker and Chen (2006), we find that incorporating firm-year-specific proxy measures for upward cost adjustment and cost asymmetry significantly enhances earnings forecasts. However, this improvement in forecast accuracy is not reflected in contemporaneous stock returns, pointing toward a partial understanding of cost behavior by capital markets. We further find that predicted cost stickiness is associated with lower analysts' forecast accuracy and a weaker effect of earnings surprises on market reactions, confirming the results reported in Weiss (2010) for his measure of cost asymmetry.
 JEL Classifications: M41; G12.


Wellbeing is related to our sense of autonomy, capability and relatedness, as well as to our physical health and inner resources. Adult is a crucial period for establishing positive health and social behaviors. It is a time when young people are undergoing rapid emotional, physical and intellectual changes, and when they begin the transition from childhood to adolescence to independent adulthood. The present study on well being considered the significance of emotional maturity and adjustment. The study shows a significant positive inter correlations among well-being, emotional maturity and the level of adjustment in adults, which indicates that higher the emotional maturity scores and better the level of adjustment and higher will be the wellbeing in adults.


In order to determine the different genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii strains, genetic analysis of SAG2 locus by PCR-RFLP assay was performed for the first time in Iran. Twenty-one isolates obtained from Toxoplasma infected human and mice from Iran (Tehran and Lahijan) were used for molecular typing. None of the isolates had any passage in mice. Genotype determination was made directly on samples. Type II was the predominant lineage, accounting for 85.7% of the isolates. Type I was found in 14.3% of cases with more presentation in animal samples, whereas type III lineage was not seen. No correlation was found between genotype and source of sample (blood, CSF and amniotic fluid). This study indicates a higher prevalence of type II lineage of T. gondii in infected human and mice in the above mentioned regions of Iran.


SUMMARYObjective: The etiology of fibromyalgia [FMS] is yet unknown. In some cases an acute onset of symptoms may indicate an infection being an early event in the pathogenesis of FMS. Hence our aim was to test for antibodies as markers of previous or ongoing infection as well as for other markers of rheumatic disease.Methods: Specific antibodies against a wide spectrum of infectious agents as well as a number of autoantibodies were looked for in all patients and controls. Participants were on no medication.Results: No significant serological differences were found between the two groups, except for the unexpected finding that 45% of the FMS patients had circulating immunoglobulin [IgM] antibodies against enterovirus compared to 10% in the control group [P = 0.06)], none of them presenting a history of a recent gastrointestinal infection.Conclusion: The occurrence of IgM antibodies against enterovirus may indicate an aberrant immune response to prior or ongoing infection in some patients with FMS.


The article contains the results of many years of research on the formation of basic and calculated indicators of chlorophyll fluorescence induction depending on the options for inoculation, treatment of seeds with microelements and use of various options for foliar fertilization for growing lentils. There was applied the generally accepted methodological protocol to determine and calculate the main and derivative parameters of chlorophyll flowering induction during dark adaptation of the assimilation apparatus of plants. The indicator reaction of changes in the basic parameters – initial flowering (F0), flowering of the plateau zone (Fpl), maximum flowering (Fm) and stationary flowering (Fst) to the optimization of the lentil nutrition system both at the stage of pre-sowing seed preparation and at the stage of carrying out single and binary foliar fertilizing with microfertilizers. The significance of the reaction was noted due to the corresponding increase in F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst indicators by 52.6%, 69.1%, 91.4% and 36.2%, respectively, for the combination of seed inoculation, pre-sowing treatment with trace elements and the use of two-time foliar fertilization in comparison with the control variant. The use of derived calculation indices based on the basic indicators of the induction of chlorophyll flowering proved the possibility and expediency of using such an indicator method in the assessment of the abiotic-adaptive state of plants and the optimality of applied agrotechnological measures in the cultivation of lentils.


A phenomenological model of membrane phase behavior is presented in which the lamellar (${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$) phase is subject to two instabilities, one towards the formation of multiply connected, nearly minimal surfaces, and the other toward the formation of disconnected, nearly spherical surfaces. It is shown that upon dilution, fluctuations generally drive the system through one of these instabilities at a lamellar spacing ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{c}}$ less than the persistence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\kappa}}}$ beyond which they destroy its mean rigidity, resulting when ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\ll}${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\kappa}}}$ in isotropic phases of quasirigid membranes with well-defined preferred topologies.


In mobile ad hoc networks packets dropping is a classical weakness that may be caused either by misbehaving nodes or just faulty links. Isolating the nodes behind such effects is an efficient solution for decreasing packet loss. We propose, in this paper, a new secure protocol to monitor, detect, and safely isolate misbehaving nodes. The proposed solution is based on authentication and trust. First, it improves the Probing approach with a new technique allowing detection of nodes responsible for the dropping. Next, it enhances routes security by applying on the faulty nodes mechanisms based on trust. The proposed protocol is analyzed using the NS-2 simulator.


Through a slab loading test on a large building in Macao,clear the bearing capacity of the slab after function transformation,and get the slab deformation features in the test loads.The results show that the slab meet capacity after function transformation.


The economy of Ethiopians depends chiefly on agriculture. The major staple grains are the most important field crops and the chief element in the diet of most Ethiopians. Maize is the largest and most productive crop in Ethiopia. In 2007/08, maize production was 4.2 million tons, 40 percent higher than teff, 56 percent higher than sorghum, and 75 percent higher than wheat production. Postharvest losses are major problem in enhancement of maize production. The main controlling mechanism to avoid these losses is using appropriate grain storage. As FAO introduced  stated household metal silo is a key post-harvest technology in the fight against hunger and for food security. The house hold air tight metal silos generally hold between 100 and 3 000 kilos. The objective of this activity is to minimize post-harvest losses of maize grains by introducing this airtight silos in selected wordea's of the region.
Different air tight silos were manufactured according the SDC Manual for Manufacturing Metal Silos for Grain Storage in MAMRERC workshop. Preliminary test was conducted to check air leakage and strength of welding of the silo. Farmers were selected based on the willingness and resource they have. Weight loss, relative humidity, temperature, moisture content, count breakage from 1000kernel and insects occurred and farmer's perception was collected in compiring with tradition silo and plastic bag.
From these the air tight silo has low weight loss form 125gm initially and after recorded for six months the weight reduces to 122.6, 114.35, and 112.25gms respectivly.  The moisture of maize grain decrease  from 13% have different in the three containers 26.48, 28.72 and 27 and difference of  -0.52, 1.72, and 0 and average Relative humidity's are 7.96, 4.96, and 3.96 for metal silo, traditional Gottera and plastic bag respectively.  The counted and damaged from 1000 kernels are high in plastic bag and traditional silo. the farmers perception in relative advantage and characteristic of the silo are good.


As we are referred intensively and inevitably to all the contents that are important to us on the Internet, the number of hacker attacks is by the logic of things, more and more frequent. This phenomenon warns that all state security systems are under constant threat from cyber terrorism. This paper analyzez the hacker attack as a phenomenon, as a consequence and cause, but also as an instrument of cyber terrorism. The purpose of this paper is to point out those elements of this type of terrorism that are not adequately represented, and thus not recognized in a way that should be taken seriously and opposed. The paper presents observations that aim to point out the way in which hacker attacks could be suppressed and intercepted.


Background:
 Patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs) make up a significant portion of the healthcare cost burden. To help understand how patients are managed and to guide allocation of public funds, the utilization of healthcare resources in various phases of disease should be investigated. We examined resource utilization and cost patterns during the pre-diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and end-of-life phases of patients with specific HMs.
 Methods:
 We used the Cancer Care Ontario to identify patients with a diagnosis of HMs, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) between 2006 and 2014. For phase-based analysis, we defined the following four phases of care: Pre-diagnosis: 90 days prior to Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) diagnosis to index dateInitial treatment: index date to 6 months from OCR diagnosis dateFollow-up: from end of treatment phase to beginning of end-of-life (or completion of cohort follow-up)End-of-life: last 6 months of life
 We characterized resource utilization by determining overall and disaggregated health system costs for DLBCL and HL. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the population, with continuous variables presented as medians (with interquartile ranges); costs ($CAN 2014) and resource utilization were normalized to 30-days and presented as means +/- standard deviation.
 Results:
 A total of 35,556 patients were diagnosed between 2006 and 2014 with a HM. Of these, 15% were diagnosed with DLBCL, and 7% with HL.
 There were 5,392 patients diagnosed with DLBCL, [53% male, median age 64 years (IQR 53-74)]. The median follow-up was 1,903 days (IQR 1,194-2,882) from diagnosis, and the median age at death was 72 (IQR 61-82). Mean overall 30-day cost was $1,175 (±2,267) in pre-diagnosis; $9,166 (±5,581) during initial treatment; $1,462 (±2,756) during follow-up; and $7,965 (±7,104) during end-of-life. Mean 30-day cost of cancer medication was 80.20 (±454.98) in pre-diagnosis, 3,115.03 (±1,235.76) during initial treatment, 232.48 (±711.93) during follow-up, and 304.63 (±694.28) during end-of-life.
 There were 2,367 patients with HL [53% male, median age 37 years (IQR 26-53)]. The median follow-up was 2,419 days (IQR 1,581-3,318) from diagnosis, and the median age at death was 62 (IQR 44-75). In HL, mean overall 30-day cost in Canadian dollars was $813 (±1,541) in pre-diagnosis, $5,473 (±3,485) during initial treatment, $895 (±1,619) during follow-up, and $8,678 (±9,086) during end-of-life. Mean 30-day cost of cancer medication was 91.08 (±368.25) in pre-diagnosis, 1,131.91 (±765.85) during initial treatment, 102.86 (±341.69) during follow-up, and 371.05 (±1,612.73) during end-of-life.
 Conclusions:
 Total cost per 30 days was highest in the initial treatment phase and at end-of-life. The highest costs are generally associated with inpatient care across all phases. This suggests that patients require significantly more health care resources during end-of-life and while on active treatment. Results can be used to guide allocation of health care dollars to ensure appropriate patient care throughout a patient's cancer journey.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Introduction By the year 2050, the human population is estimated to reach 9 billion people (Van Huis 2013). The UNFAO believes that the available resources to continue producing conventional livestock are quickly dwindling (UNFAO 2009). Entomophagy, or the eating of insects, has been offered up as a viable protein source for current and future generations (Van Huis 2013, Kinyuru et al. 2015, Van Huis et al. 2015). Insects make up 75% of all animals (Bamaiyi and Aniesona 2012).


This paper focuses on non-anaphoric nominalized adjectives denoting abstract concepts, such as le vrai 'the truth', du sublime 'the sublime', and suggests that the standard analysis in terms of morphological conversion does not stand up to scrutiny. Abstract nominalized adjectives, for instance, cannot be considered "non-syntactic", cannot be integrated without problems into existing patterns of derivation, and exhibit strong restrictions in terms of modification and determination. To solve the categorial mismatch of nominalized adjectives an alternative analysis from the perspective of Construction Grammar is proposed. More specifically, it is argued that, in accordance with the override principle (Michaelis 2003), the adjective conforms to the features of the construction with which it is combined. The fact that the construction in question inherits many of its specifications from the Determination construction, which is typically nominal, accounts for the hybrid nature of phrases headed by nominalized adjectives.


A musical instrument produces nineteen tones in each octave, and the nineteen tones have respective fundamental frequencies regulated to a geometrical series of 19 2ROOT 2 so as to be highly harmonized without difficult in performance.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to latent heat body with paraffin base storage material accommodated in a carrier material comprising a recess. Here, the support material consists of individual elements, the depression of the capillary type is provided for the latent heat storage material between the elements of the carrier material. According to the present invention, the latent heat body contains a plurality of restricted latent heat body which is covered by a common cover. Then, the latent heat body contains a microwave agent. The present invention relates to the production method of the corresponding latent heat of the.


Abstract. Let A(p) be the class of functions f : z p +X ∞j=1 a j z p+j analytic in the openunit disc E. Let, for any integer n > −p, f n+p−1 (z) = z p +X ∞j=1 (p + j) n+p−1 z p+j . Wedefine f (−1)n+p−1 (z) by using convolution ∗ as f n+p− 1 ∗ f −1n+p− =z p (1 − z) n+p . A function p,analytic in E with p(0) = 1, is in the class P k (ρ) ifZ 2π0 Re p(z) − ρp − ρ dθ ≤ kπ, wherez = re iθ , k ≥ 2 and 0 ≤ ρ ≤ p. We use the class P k (ρ) to introduce a new class ofmultivalent analytic functions and define an integral operator L n+p−1 (f) = f −1+p−1 ∗ ffor f(z) belonging to this class. We derive some interesting properties of this generalizedintegral operator which include inclusion results and radius problems. 1. IntroductionLet A(p) denote the class of functions fgiven byf(z) = z p +X ∞j=1 a j z p+j , p∈ N= {1,2,···}which are analytic in the unit disc E= {z: |z| <1}. The Hadamard product orconvolution (f∗g) of two functions withf(z) = z p +X ∞j=1 a j,1 z p+j and g(z) = z p +X ∞j=1 a j,2 z


Intervention strategies have been described, and the effect of the intervention has been evaluated in three subsamples belonging to the third cohort of 70‐yeardd people who have been studied lontitudinally in Göteborg, Sweden. The subjects who had been exposed to intervention measures were more physically active at the age of 76 than the controls. They participated to a greater extent in gymnastics groups and walking pups and took part in more other physical activities. Women in the intervention group did not change over the years concerning knee extensor strength, whereas women in the control group became weaker. Both groups of men showed a decrease in knee extensor strength and all subjects showed a decrease in maximal walking speed.


Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is a rare event of ectopic pregnancy after natural pregnancy or assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures, and its pathophysiologic mechanisms have not been clarified. Moreover, it is difficult to diagnose an HP due to the rarity and the asymptomatic nature. Here we present a case of an unexplained infertility woman following in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer (IVF - ET) developed HP — intrauterine pregnancy and tubo - ovarian pregnancy, and managed conservatively by laparoscopic. HP after ART represents an emergency and therefore the intrauterine pregnancy and the fertility potential will be better preserved by improved sonographic imaging and experienced surgical hands.


Sexual dimorphism in various bone phenotypes, including bone mineral density (BMD), is widely observed; however, the extent to which genes explain these sex differences is unclear. To identify variants with different effects by sex, we examined gene‐by‐sex autosomal interactions genome‐wide, and performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and bioinformatics network analysis. We conducted an autosomal genome‐wide meta‐analysis of gene‐by‐sex interaction on lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD in 25,353 individuals from 8 cohorts. In a second stage, we followed up the 12 top single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p < 1 × 10−5) in an additional set of 24,763 individuals. Gene‐by‐sex interaction and sex‐specific effects were examined in these 12 SNPs. We detected one novel genome‐wide significant interaction associated with LS‐BMD at the Chr3p26.1‐p25.1 locus, near the GRM7 gene (male effect = 0.02 and p = 3.0 × 10−5; female effect = −0.007 and p = 3.3 × 10−2), and 11 suggestive loci associated with either FN‐ or LS‐BMD in discovery cohorts. However, there was no evidence for genome‐wide significant (p < 5 × 10−8) gene‐by‐sex interaction in the joint analysis of discovery and replication cohorts. Despite the large collaborative effort, no genome‐wide significant evidence for gene‐by‐sex interaction was found to influence BMD variation in this screen of autosomal markers. If they exist, gene‐by‐sex interactions for BMD probably have weak effects, accounting for less than 0.08% of the variation in these traits per implicated SNP. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


In our original paper, the parameters for the best-fit model SEDs in Table 3 and the derived mass ratio of the total of submicronsized grains listed in Table 4 were incorrectly quoted. For comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), for the four epochs UT 1996 September/ October (rh 1⁄4 2:8 AU), 1997 February (rh 1⁄4 1:21 AU), 1997 April (rh 1⁄4 0:93 AU), and 1997 June (rh 1⁄4 1:7 AU), the SED model fits shown respectively in Figures 6–9 utilize Np(crystalline olivine) larger than that quoted in Table 3 of the original paper. We have corrected this error in the revised Table 3 given here. This error was propagated into Table 4, which also used incorrect uniform bulk densities for all minerals in deriving the ratios of submicron grain abundances. A corrected Table 4 is given below, using the corrected bulk density of C 1⁄4 2:5 g cm 3 for carbon grains and of Si 1⁄4 3:3 g cm 3 for silicate grains, and taking into account that the submicron amorphous carbon and amorphous silicate grains are porous (model parameter D < 3). For the total population of submicron grains, the derived silicate-to-amorphous carbon ratio is in the range of 8.1–13.3, significantly higher than the range of 3.8–4.5 quoted in our original paper. Furthermore, for comet Hale-Bopp the silicate crystalline-to-amorphous ratio spans the range 1.5–3.7, 3 to 4 times greater than the range of crystalline silicate/amorphous silicate = 0.5–0.9 originally quoted by us.


Abstract Subglacial topography is an important feature in numerous ice-sheet analyses and can drive the routing of water at the bed. Bed topography is primarily measured with ice-penetrating radar. Significant gaps, however, remain in data coverage that require interpolation. Topographic interpolations are typically made with kriging, as well as with mass conservation, where ice flow dynamics are used to constrain bed geometry. However, these techniques generate bed topography that is unrealistically smooth at small scales, which biases subglacial water flowpath models and makes it difficult to rigorously quantify uncertainty in subglacial drainage patterns. To address this challenge, we adapt a geostatistical simulation method with probabilistic modeling to stochastically simulate bed topography such that the interpolated topography retains the spatial statistics of the ice-penetrating radar data. We use this method to simulate subglacial topography using mass conservation topography as a secondary constraint. We apply a water routing model to each of these realizations. Our results show that many of the flowpaths significantly change with each topographic realization, demonstrating that geostatistical simulation can be useful for assessing confidence in subglacial flowpaths.


Objective To analyze the data of newborn hearing screening in the area of Suqian city,China. Methods The results of newborn hearing screening in the area of Suqian city in the year 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Transiently evocted otoacoustic emission(TEOAE) was applied in the first screening and rescreening for the newborns.The infants who failed both the first and rescreening were referred to receive diagnosis tests of auditory brainstem response(ABR) at 3 months old. Results A total of 9790(69.93%) was screened out of 14000 newborns in the area of Suqian city.The pass rates of the first screening and rescreening were 94.48% and 87.60%,respectively.Finally,13 neonates(1.33‰) of them were diagnosed as neonatal congenital hearing loss. ConclusionThe rate of the first screening in Suqian city is too low and it is necessary to establish a programme for universal newborn hearing screening.


Phosphate-rich yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) take up more calcium and strontium than phosphate-deficient cells. The divalent cations appear to be tightly bound in phosphate-rich cells. Electron microscopical investigations, combined with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, showed that divalent cations were sequestered in cytoplasmic granules, together with a large amount of phosphorus. The major part of the divalent cations is retrieved in the polyphosphate fraction, a minor part is bound to lipids. The results suggest that polyphosphate granules may serve as an important store for divalent cations.


Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries and is one of the largest industries in the world. Cultural tourism is often argued to be one of the most important and rapidly growing areas of global tourism. Ethiopia, a country in East Africa can be expressed as a mosaic of people and cultures, encyclopedia of geology, the cradle of humankind and civilization. The natural and interesting landscape, endowed with rich biodiversity, socked in history, culturally hospitable, traditionally sensitive, and intrinsically religious people put together Ethiopia a tourist paradise though the entrance fee, the value and other characteristics of these heritage resources are left unaddressed . The study uses the Individual Travel Cost Method to estimate the use value of RHCL. The truncated negative binomial method (TNBM) was employed to derive the demand function for use value of RHCL. The result of the study showed that the potential annual use value of the RHCL was estimated to be 759,687,113 ETB per annum [1] . Furthermore; the entrance fee that would maximize the use value of the church is 11.32 US Dollars  per four days. which has a significant difference from the existing entrance fee(50 US Dollars per four days) . Future researches are recommended. Keywords: Individual travel cost method; cultural Heritage; economic value [1] 1 US Dollar=19.3469 of Ethiopian Birr(ETB) while the study is conducted


A decision aid used to calculate signal coverage areas and signal interference regions in beyond line of sight (BLOS) high frequency (HF) communications systems is described. The interference and coverage capabilities of HF-BLOS communications systems are influenced by the ionospheric environment through which radio signals must propagate. A technique based on the tactical use of signal propagation which exploits knowledge of the ionosphere coupled with ray-tracing techniques may be used to minimise signal interference and maximise signal coverage. Such improvements are achieved without resorting to sophisticated systems techniques such as antenna nulling or coding. This paper investigates the tactical propagation technique via the development of a BLOS-HF frequency management decision aid. The decision aid employs an ionospheric environmental model and a communications model to predict both the interference and coverage of a HF communications link. Using these models the decision aid recommends system configurations (e.g. best frequency) which avoid known locations whilst maximising communications coverage. (5 pages)


We propose a method for surface reconstruction of artist paintings. In order to reproduce the appearance of a painting, including color, surface texture, and glossiness, it is essential to acquire the pixel-wise light reflection property and orientation of the surface and render an image under an arbitrary lighting condition. A photometric approach is used to estimate bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) and surface normals from a set of images photographed by a fixed camera with sparsely distributed point light sources. A robust and computationally less expensive nonlinear optimization algorithm is proposed that optimizes the small number of parameters to simultaneously determine all of the specular BRDF, diffuse albedo, and surface normal. The proposed method can be applied to moderately glossy surfaces without separating captured images into diffuse and specular reflections beforehand. Experiments were conducted using oil paintings with different surface glossiness. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by comparing captured and rendered images.


The rapid development of OAI-PMH leads to the growing number of repository,which introduces the problem of synchronization.Stated simply,this problem arises when SP can not harvest DP's newest metadata records timely.In this paper,a method is proposed by using an XSLT-based transformation mechanism to transform DP's metadata records into syndication document formats in the OAI framework to solve the problem.Use the characteristics of real time,standard format and easily integration in the RSS to maintain metadata synchronization and keep resource consistent between DP and SP.


Hypertension can cause vascular endothelial changes which can lead to hyalinization and demyelination. It also causes hypertensive retinopathy and retinal artery atrophy in chronic hypertensive patients. Retinal artery atrophy can lead to demyelination changes in the optic nerve. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be used as a sensitive method for documenting the abnormalities in the visual pathways. VEPs are electrical potential differences recorded from the scalp to the visual stimuli. The demyelination changes of optic nerve in early stages of primary hypertension were not studied much. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the effect of VEP in primary hypertension. The main objective of this study was to correlate the latency and amplitude of VEPs in normal individuals and primary hypertensive patients. This is a comparative study which was done between two groups. Group A was a control group with 60 normal participants and group B was a study group that had 60 primary hypertensive patients. Pattern reversal VEP (Parameters – N75, P100 & N145 latencies and amplitude of P100) was recorded in both groups. The variables were correlated between group A and group B. In the result of this study, the VEP latencies of N75 and P100 waves was increased (duration delayed) significantly in both right eye and left eye of participants in Group B than Group A. Amplitude of P100 wave was decreased in both eye, but it is not statistically significant in left eye. VEP parameters can be used for routine screening and diagnostic tests for visual impairment and hypertensive retinopathy even in earlier stages of hypertensive patients.


In this workshop, participants are taken through the process of extracting items of formulaic language from a set of corpus documents, assessing the quality of the extraction and using the resulting list to annotate text documents for formulaicity. This is done using the N-Gram Processor (Buerki 2013) and SubString (Buerki 2011) software packages and Wikipedia text files.


This paper reports three experiments that examine the role of similarity processing in McGeorge and Burton's (1990) incidental learning task. In the experiments subjects performed a distractor task involving four-digit number strings, all of which conformed to a simple hidden rule. They were then given a forced-choice memory test in which they were presented with pairs of strings and were led to believe that one string of each pair had appeared in the prior learning phase. Although this was not the case, one string of each pair did conform to the hidden rule. Experiment 1 showed that, as in the McGeorge and Burton study, subjects were significantly more likely to select test strings that conformed to the hidden rule. However, additional analyses suggested that rather than having implicitly abstracted the rule, subjects may have been selecting strings that were in some way similar to those seen during the learning phase. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to try to separate out effects due to similarity from those due to implicit rule abstraction. It was found that the results were more consistent with a similarity-based model than implicit rule abstraction per se.


We establish a determinant formula for the bilinear form associated with the elliptic hypergeometric integrals of type $BC_n$ by studying the structure of $q$-difference equations to be satisfied by them. The determinant formula is proved by combining the $q$-difference equations of the determinant and its asymptotic analysis along the singularities. The elliptic interpolation functions of type $BC_n$ are essentially used in the study of the $q$-difference equations.


The present invention has been provided with a light emission element EL: relates to (electroluminescent electroluminescence) panel. According to the invention, each optical light emission element (20, 30) comprises: a as an input interface (21, 31) is optically coupled to the discharge exit section of the substrate surface or panel of cells emitted by the cell light input interface (21, 31) to capture and; As an output interface (23, 33), an output interface (23, 33) having a form suitable for passing the emitted light in the cells; And a selectively reflecting surface 32, and includes a reflective surface (32) for modifying the path of the light beam so as to reduce the angle of incidence of the said output interface. Light emission efficiency of the panel in this way is greatly improved.


In the current case,the domestic coal mine generally inclined shaft conveyor,therefore,the belt conveyor is widely used.Due to the big angle,long distance transportation,in order to improve the safety and reliability and transmission efficiency,use the steel cord conveyor belt.Due to the limitation of technical level and some objective conditions,sulfide joints often become one of the weakest link in the conveyor belt.If the belt conveyor once broken,its destructive power is very heavy,huge loss.Therefore,further study of belt conveyor fault belt,and design the development of the safe and reliable strip break catch,has an important guiding significance to reduce he damage of strip break accidents and ensure the safety of mine production.


Gradually, as the subject enters the world of his own development, he creates a praxis environment in which he takes responsibility for himself through acts of self-formation. Once taken on board by the subject, education becomes an intense reflexive exercise referring, on the one hand, to "self-transformation through self" and, on the other hand, to the relationship between the activity of the subject and practical reality. The text highlights some aspects of the issues that the process of self-education involves, especially regarding the tension between theory and practice. In this context, Tactcan be considered as a practical capacity of both connection and distinction of innate threads that cross intentions and acts of self-education. The work of philosophy of education would rather be to introduce and to defend systematically the impetus of thought at the very heart of conflicting claims on the hegemony of theory or practice. Against the current of a promotion of voluntarist praxis that seems in general to correspond throughout the history of education to a metaphysics of presence, philosophy of education could be used to explore the alternative of "I'd rather not…" act.


Historically, multiyear sea ice (MYI) covered a majority of the Arctic and circulated through the Beaufort Gyre for years. However, increased ice melt in the Beaufort Sea during the early 2000s was proposed to have severed this circulation. Constructing a regional MYI budget from 1997 to 2021 reveals that MYI import into the Beaufort Sea has increased year‐round, yet less MYI now survives through summer and is transported onwards in the Gyre. Annual average MYI loss quadrupled over the study period and increased from ∼7% to ∼33% of annual Fram Strait MYI export, while the peak in 2018 (385,000 km2) was similar in magnitude to Fram Strait MYI export. The ice‐albedo feedback coupled with the transition toward younger thinner MYI is responsible for the increased MYI loss. MYI transport through the Beaufort Gyre has not been severed, but it has been reduced so severely to prevent it from being redistributed throughout the Arctic Ocean.


Introduction: To achieve a good occlusion with satisfactory intercuspation of teeth and a correct overjet and overbite, the maxillary and mandibular teeth must be proportional in size. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the Bolton's tooth size discrepancy in a sample of the Nepalese population of Lumbini Province.
Materials and Method: One hundred twenty-fie study casts (50 males and 75 females) were made after making impression of individuals with normal occlusion. Impression was made using alginate impression material, studycasts were made using dental stone type III, and bases were made using dental plaster type II. Individual mesiodistal width of the teeth were measured using a digital vernier caliper to the nearest 0.01mm for the calculation of Bolton's anterior and overall ratio. The ratios were then compared between male and female.
Result: One hundred twenty-five study casts (50 males and 75 females) were made after making impression of individuals with normal occlusion. Impression was made using alginate impression material, study casts were made using dental stone type III, and bases were made using dental plaster type II. A statistically signifiant difference between the summed mesiodistal widths were found between males and females using Independent sample t-test. There was no sexual dimorphism concerning Bolton's ratio in samples. The overall ratio and anterior ratio were 91.70 ± 1.28 and 77.09 ± 1.57 for males and 91.79 ± 1.34 and 77.29 ± 1.71 for females respectively. The combined overall ratio was 91.75 ± 1.32 and anterior ratio which was 77.21 ± 1.65. Individual mesiodistal width of the teeth were measured using a digital vernier caliper to the nearest 0.01mm for the calculation of Bolton's anterior and overall ratio. The ratios were then compared between male and female.
Conclusion: The sum of mesiodistal dimensions of teeth were greater in males, however, no sexual dimorphism was found in the Bolton ratio. Further, statistically signifiant difference was found in the overall ratio from Nepalese population when compared to the original ratio by Bolton.


BERT's self-attention mechanism struggles with capturing long-range dependencies which has prompted modifications like sparse and global attention. In this paper we explore self-supervised attention (SSA) as an alternative approach, inspired by "Improving BERT with Self-Supervised Attention." We recreate the SSA mechanism, use BertViz for visualization, and evaluate our model on sentiment analysis, paraphrase detection, semantic textual similarity tasks, and the SQuAD benchmark. Our findings reveal that SSA improves performance when fine-tuning on a single task, but not in multitask learning scenarios, suggesting that alternative attention mechanisms may be more suitable for enhancing performance in multitask settings.


Abstract In this paper a novel robust controller is investigated for unmanned helicopter. Based on signal compensation theory, robust controllers are designed to enhance both rotational and translational tracking performance, as well as robust performance over parameter uncertainty and external disturbance. The designed robust controllers are time invariant and easy to realize. The full controllers are implemented on onboard avionics of a small scale unmanned helicopter THeli260 developed by Tsinghua University. Real flight experiments are successfully carried out, which shows advantage of designed robust controller.


The invention discloses a display unit adjustment method and system. The method includes the following steps that: first status information of a display unit is obtained; whether the first status information of the display unit changes or not is judged, so that a first judgment result can be obtained; when the first judgment result indicates that the first status information of the display unit changes, an external environment light information acquisition unit is turned on; and the display parameters of the display unit are adjusted according to external environment light information acquired by the external environment light information acquisition unit. With the display unit adjustment method and system of the invention adopted, the power consumption of the external environment light information acquisition unit can be reduced, and therefore, the power consumption of electronic devices using Paper-looking technologies can be decreased.


District Heating (DH) technology is an efficient and cost-effective solution to provide heating services to the built environment. However, the existing DH technology may not be technically and economically effective to service buildings with low energy demands. Here, low-temperature based district heating (LTDH) can provide a better match between supply and demand in terms of energy quality and quantity. This paper deals with the energy and exergy analyses of a LTDH substation supplying a secondary LTDH network as a subnet of the existing DH system. In order to improve the temperature match, a mix of supply and return streams from the primary DH network are used to supply the substation. Based on modelling and simulation, an energy and exergy analysis is employed to compare the performance of two proposed substation configurations to that of a conventional DH substation operating at low temperatures. The results show that the proposed LTDH substation reduced the share of the yearly energy demand of the LTDH network that is covered by the primary DH supply flow by 20% to 25%; the rest being supplied by the primary DH return flow. Likewise, by using the flow from the main DH return pipe, the final exergy efficiency of the overall system increased by 5% on average. The exergy destruction occurring at the system components was also identified and compared: during high heat demand periods the substation heat exchanger is responsible for the largest share of exergy destruction, whereas for low heat demands, it is due to the pumping effort. Based on these results, the proposed system is seen as an effective approach to increase the quality and quantity match between the low-temperature network and the conventional supply.


In this paper I will actually argue that medical education has become ''stuck,'' not only in time but also in space and content. It has become stuck in time because events considered to be educational largely occur through interactions that require the learners and the faculty to be simultaneously participating in these interactions. It has become stuck in space because its mechanisms of delivery are largely bound to a specific physical location, the academic medical center with its classrooms and associated health care delivery venues. It has become stuck in content because the topics that are the focus of educational interactions are insufficiently under the control of the students, and the teachers. Increasingly, there is no reason for any of these requirements to be imposed on the educational process. Moreover, medical education remains stuck in an era when much of the rest of human enterprise is becoming unstuck, the result of a sweeping set of cultural changes made possible by information technology and primarily by the phenomenal proliferation of the global Internet [Drucker 1999]. I will further argue in this paper that medical education can gradually be ''unstuck'' in space, time, and content through appropriate use of emerging technology, with emphasis on simulation methods that have become widespread in the use of training pilots and professionals in other disciplines. Modern flight simulators have become so sophisticated that experienced pilots being certified to fly a new aircraft might have a load of passengers in the back the first time they actually fly the plane [Dawson and Kaufman 1998]. While there will always be a pilot experienced flying this aircraft alongside the neophyte in the cockpit, this practice clearly testifies to the educational power of simulations. Recently, the U.S. Navy adopted the inexpensive Microsoft ''Flight Simulator''y program as standard training for its new pilots, after a trainee who practiced extensively on this program recorded the best performance ever on an initial training flight [Brewin 2000]. The ''marvelous medical education machine,'' as the concept will be developed in this paper, is the complete simulator for medical education, analogous to the best of contemporary flight simulators. But like Vonnegut's novel, the marvelous machine is currently a work of fiction. It does not exist, although bits and pieces of it do


In 2017, Global Affairs Canada (GAC) released the Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP), the first policy in Canada to include sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) as key concerns. Shortly thereafter, GAC publicized a $650 million commitment to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). However, attention to diversity of women and girls' sexual orientations and gender identities was absent from GAC's 2017 SRHR commitments. In this chapter, the author investigates the impact of inclusion rhetoric in FIAP using a mixed method: discursive analysis of FIAP and interviews with GAC and civil society. The author argues that the term "inclusive" appears in FIAP without fixed meaning and is not harnessed to particular aid commitments. Thus, despite a discursive leap toward inclusion of LGBTIQ issues, FIAP continues to operate in a heteronormative and cisnormative frame, which is an epidemic in development policy and programming and has immense impact on LGBTIQ individuals' access to reproductive care.


In this paper, we introduced the concept of rough ( m , n ) quasi- (cid:2) -hyperideals in (cid:2) - semihypergroups. We proved that the lower approximation of an ( m , n ) quasi- (cid:2) -hyperideal is an ( m , n ) quasi- (cid:2) -hyperideal.


Perovskite type of compound LaFeO3 nanopowders were successfully prepared by both molten salt and solution combustion methods.The effects of the two methods on phase composition and morphology of products were studied systematically.The products were characterized by XRD,SEM and TG/DSC techniques.The results showed that the type of molten salt,annealing temperature,fuel type and fuel-to-oxidant ratio play an important role in the synthesis of LaFeO3,LaFeO3 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized in molten NaNO2 at 450-750℃ and molten NaNO3–KNO3 at 650-800℃ for 2 h,respectively.When glycol was used as fuel,net-like porous LaFeO3 powders with a crystallite size of 28.0 nm were obtained in the fuel-rich condition(+40%).While LaFeO3 nanocrystals with a crystallite size of 19.0 nm were obtained with glycine in stoichiometric fuel-to-oxidant ratio.


This article aims to show the relevance of a visual perspective to decrypting the operation of the international aid system, and the necessity of the integration of visual media in reflections on the humanitarian transition in play. Through the use of photography by aid actors, it sets out a periodization of the relation between the organizations and photography divided into four periods. Each period highlights the choices made regarding the role of the image in aid practices and policies, as well as its effects. In this way, the image is representation, carrier and engine of a system it objectifies, transforms, and hides.


Abstract : The document is concerned with values as subjective estimates of the worth or desirability of any entity or event, whether concrete or abstract. ECHO is a new method of studying values; it allows the respondent great latitude of statement, by relating stated values to stated causes or social influences, and by eliciting multiple statements. The concept value and related concepts are defined; the analysis of values and their place in behavioral research is treated. ECHO and five other methods of value study are described and then compared against the criteria of reliability, validity, and utility.


General expressions are derived, in terms of the complex error function, for the transmittance and reflectance in the spectral passband region of all-dielectric Fabry-Perot filter coatings with rough layer boundaries. From these the total scattered radiant flux fraction L R at the design wavenumber, as well as the fractional increase in half-bandwidth ƒ, are evaluated. The concept of 'equivalent roughness' is developed, and it is shown that both L R and ƒ are equal to twice the mean-square equivalent phase roughness when the interfacial roughness is minimal.


Collagen fibrils are the principal supporting elements in vertebrate tissues. They account for 25% of total protein mass, exhibit a broad range of size and organisation depending on tissue and stage of development, and can be under circadian clock control. Here we show that the remarkable dynamic pleomorphism of collagen fibrils is underpinned by a mechanism that distinguishes between collagen secretion and initiation of fibril assembly, at the plasma membrane. Collagen fibrillogenesis occurring at the plasma membrane requires vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) 33b (which is under circadian clock control), collagen-binding integrin-α11 subunit, and is reduced when endocytosis is inhibited. Fibroblasts lacking VPS33b secrete soluble collagen without assembling fibrils, whereas constitutive over-expression of VPS33b increases fibril number with loss of fibril rhythmicity. In conclusion, our study has identified the mechanism that switches secretion of collagen (without forming new fibrils) to new collagen fibril assembly, at the plasma membrane.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health issue in Saudi Arabia. Prevention of DM and its complications requires an understanding of the disease and modifiable behaviors (e.g., physical activity—PA). The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in knowledge of the general population regarding DM to better understand the shortcomings in the current awareness programs. This article presents a cross-sectional series study where a survey was distributed to a total of 3493 participants over four years, from 2017 till 2020, to assess general knowledge about DM, including information about PA. The mean percentage of correct responses of DM general knowledge was 63.8 ± 19.0 in 2017, which decreased to 61.3 ± 18.7 in 2020 with a significant beta coefficient of −0.8 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001). Participants' awareness about PA remained constantly high for four years: the mean percentage of correct responses was 82.1 ± 23.6 in 2017 and 82.0 ± 23.1 in 2020, and the beta coefficient was −0.5 ± 0.3 (p = 0.147). Furthermore, stratification by demographics showed that the majority of the subgroups (age, sex, educational status, marital status, having relative with DM, nationality) reported a significant declining trend in general DM knowledge. In addition, some of the subgroups also showed a declining trend in PA awareness. Future prevention efforts should assess the community's DM knowledge regularly to tailor awareness efforts to the population segments that need heightened educational interventions.


This paper discusses the main influencing factors on attacking submarine operation by an airdropped tor-pedo from an anti-submarine patrol aircraft,and analyzes the target location dispersion error and the water entry dis-persion law of an airdropped torpedo.According to the working principle of a homing torpedo,a target detection model and a hitting judgment model are established,and the fundamental method for an anti-submarine patrol aircraft to attack submarine with an airdropped torpedo and the parameter solution method of dropping torpedo are introduced.and the relations between hit probability and the influencing factors are analyzed by using Monte Carlo simulation method.


A field trial is described, in which the response of Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius to three levels of P and five of K was measured. The P level of the soil was moderate, but the K content was extremely low. Both species responded only slightly to P and K; significant differences were only obtained in stubble yield. The latter results suggest somewhat better response to both elements in L albus than in L. angustifolius. It was concluded that lupins have an unusually efficient K uptake mechanism. Protein content and protein production of the tops and seed did not suggest any effect of the fertilizer treatments on the efficiency of nitrogen fixation. Findings of the P, K, Ca and Mg content of the tops of L albus at the late bud stage and the seed of both species are also reported. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1986, 3: 193–197


The D-decomposition method allows to design control structures with prescribed locations of closed loop poles. Unlike the root locus method, D-decomposition natively handles two variable regulator parameters, which makes it suitable for more complex control structures. Moreover, an extension to more than two variable parameters is straightforward. In this paper, the advantages of the D-decomposition method are illustrated by synthesizing a robust low-order current regulator for a grid-connected voltage source inverter (VSI) with LCL filter. It is shown how to visualize the complete region in the low dimensional regulator parameter space satisfying certain robust performance criteria (with robust stability being a special case). The paper concludes by simulation results validating the robustness properties of the designed low-order regulator under substantial grid impedance variations.


We introduce and study the model of simply generated non-crossing partitions, which are, roughly speaking, chosen at random according to a sequence of weights. This framework encompasses the particular case of uniform non-crossing partitions with constraints on their block sizes. Our main tool is a bijection between non-crossing partitions and plane trees, which maps such simply generated non-crossing partitions into simply generated trees so that blocks of size k are in correspondence with vertices of out-degree k. This allows us to obtain limit theorems concerning the block structure of simply generated non-crossing partitions. We apply our results in free probability by giving a simple formula relating the maximum of the support of a compactly supported probability measure on the real line in terms of its free cumulants.


[9] Kinch A, Hallböök H, Arvidson J, et al. Long-term outcome of Epstein-Barr virus DNAemia and PTLD with the use of preemptive rituximab following allogeneic HSCT[J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2018, 59 (5): 11721179. DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017. 1365860. [10]Bishnoi R, Bajwa R, Franke AJ, et al. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD): single institutional experience of 141 patients[J]. Exp Hematol Oncol, 2017, 6: 26. DOI: 10.1186/ s40164-017-0087-0. [11] Sakurai Y, Takeda T. Acquired hemophilia A: a frequently overlooked autoimmune hemorrhagic disorder[J]. J Immunol Res, 2014, 2014: 320674. DOI: 10.1155/2014/320674. [12] Knoebl P, Marco P, Baudo F, et al. Demographic and clinical data in acquired hemophilia A: results from the European Acquired Haemophilia Registry (EACH2)[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2012, 10(4): 622631. DOI: 10.1111/j.15387836. 2012.04654.x. [13] D'arena G, Grandone E, Di Minno MN, et al. The antiCD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab to treat acquired haemophilia A [J]. Blood Transfus, 2016, 14(2): 255261. DOI: 10.2450/ 2015.0090-15. [14] Napolitano M, Siragusa S, Mancuso S, et al. Acquired haemophilia in cancer: a systematic and critical literature review[J]. Haemophilia, 2018, 24(1): 43-56. DOI: 10.1111/hae.13355. [15] Tiede A, Klamroth R, Scharf RE, et al. Prognostic factors for remission of and survival in acquired hemophilia A(AHA): results from the GTH-AH 01/2010 study[J]. Blood, 2015, 125 (7): 1091-1097. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-587089. [16] Yang Y, Xue F, Shi H, et al. Acquired hemophilia a: retrospective analysis of 49 cases from a single Chinese hemophilia center [J]. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2015, 21(1): 3540. DOI: 10.1177/1076029613488937. [17]中华医学会血液学分会血栓与止血学组, 中国血友病协作组. 获得性血友病A诊断与治疗中国专家共识[J]. 中华血液学杂 志, 2014, 35(6): 575576. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.02532727.2014.06.026. [18]Kruse-Jarres R, St-Louis J, Greist A, et al. Efficacy and safety of OBI1, an antihaemophilic factor VIII(recombinant), porcine sequence, in subjects with acquired haemophilia A[J]. Haemophilia, 2015, 21(2):162-170. DOI: 10.1111/hae.12627. (收稿日期:2018-12-25) (本文编辑:徐茂强)


Neural network was applied to parameters' tuning of digital PID controller.A decoupling controller based on the improved neural network PID was presented.According to the result of simulation this decoupling controller was superior to the decoupling controller based on common PID.The decoupling controller based on the improved neural network PID brings about good control effect,such as high efficiency and anti-jamming capability.


United‐residue potentials are derived for interactions of the calcium cation with polypeptide chains in energy‐based prediction of protein structure with a united‐residue (UNRES) force‐field. Specific potentials were derived for the interaction of the calcium cation with the Asp, Glu, Asn, and Gln side chains and the peptide group. The analytical expressions for the interaction energies for each of these amino acids were obtained by averaging the electrostatic interaction energy, expressed by a multipole series over the dihedral angles not considered in the united‐residue model, that is, the side‐chain dihedral angles χ and the dihedral angles λ for the rotation of peptide groups about the Cα•••Cα virtual‐bond axes. For the side‐chains that do not interact favorably with calcium, simple excluded‐volume potentials were introduced. The parameters of the potentials were obtained from ab initio quantum mechanical calculations of model systems at the Restricted Hartree‐Fock (RHF) level with the 6–31G(d,p) basis set. The energy surfaces of pairs consisting of Ca2+‐acetate, Ca2+‐propionate, Ca2+‐acetamide, Ca2+‐propionamide, and Ca2+‐N‐methylacetamide systems (modeling the Ca2+‐Asp−, Ca2+‐Glu−, Ca2+‐Asn, Ca2+‐Gln, and Ca2+‐peptide group interactions) at different distances and orientations were calculated. For each pair, the restricted free energy (RFE) surfaces were calculated by numerical integration over the degrees of freedom lost when switching from the all‐atom model to the united‐residue model. Finally, the analytical expressions for each pair were fitted to the RFE surfaces. This force‐field was able to distinguish the EF‐hand motif from all potential binding sites in the crystal structures of bovine α‐lactalbumin, whiting parvalbumin, calbindin D9K, and apo‐calbindin D9K.


Infections with the mosquito‐borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) can cause febrile illness or be asymptomatic. Laboratory diagnosis of CHIKV is often made with laboratory‐developed nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) assays because there are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved diagnostic or blood screening assays. We aimed to produce a well‐characterized CHIKV RNA reference reagent (CHIKV‐RR) for use in NAT assays.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of miR‐101‐3p on the viability, migration, invasion, and mitosis of lung squamous carcinoma cells by inhibiting EZH2. In this study, RT‐qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR‐101‐3p and EZH2 in both tissues and cells at RNA level. The dual luciferase reporter gene system was used to determine whether there was targeting relationship between miR‐101‐3p and EZH2‐3'UTR. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of EZH2 as well as the proliferation and invasion related proteins. The CCK‐8 assay, Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry were conducted to test the cell viability, invasion, migration and apoptosis. The results of RT‐qPCR and Western blot showed that miR‐101‐3p was low‐expressed and EZH2 was overexpressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells. Meanwhile the Western blot confirmed the effects of EZH2 expression on the proliferation and invasion of carcinoma cells. The results of luciferase assay and RT‐qPCR showed that miR‐101‐3p had a negative regulation effect on EZH2. The CCK‐8 assay, Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry results showed that the inhibition of EZH2 or the up‐regulation of miR‐101‐3p inhibited the viability, migration, invasion and cell cycle but promoted cell apoptosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. MiR‐101‐3p could inhibit the viability, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of lung squamous carcinoma cells by inhibiting the EZH2. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3142–3149, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


As epidemics were spread over the whole Pyeongan province at 1524, Jungjong commanded the government officers like Kim Sunmong to publish Sokbyeokonbang, known as Ganuibyeokonbang; to cope with the epidemics. They regarded the cause of epidemics as abnormal climate, pathogen or grudge, and named the disease on the basis of cause. To prevent epidemics they presented three kinds of method. They used a charm to calm the people, used Sohaphyangwon to keep from getting infected with them and emphasized the importance of individaul sanitation. They proposed compound herb remedies like Sipsintang; Hyangsosan, Seungmagalgeuntang and so forth according to the symptoms. They presented lots of single herbs used for food or easily seeking herbs to lighten the people's expense, in addition.


The voltage resistance for the common controlled silicon is at a low level.Aiming at disadvantage of weak stability of the de-excitation when the jumper is joined with a dissipative cell,redundant de-excitation circuit protection and control technologies are proposed by using the controlled silicon jumper with high voltage resistance.The theory and application show that this method can safely and reliably join the dissipative cell to the de-excitation circuit,and greatly improve the reliability of the de-excitation in case of accident situation.Therefore,this method can satisfy technology demands for the giant unit.


Pasture intake (PI, kg DM/cow/day) is difficult to determine on farm. However, knowledge of intake of nutrients from pasture is essential in optimising supplementation strategies for high yielding dairy cows. Pasture allowance (PA) is a major determinant of, and is positively related to, pasture intake (Holmes 1987), and can be used to estimate pasture consumption by cows on farms. Pasture allowance is the weight of above ground dry matter (DM) allocated per animal per day, and is often expressed in kg DM/cow/day. Farmers can determine pasture allowance on farm by using visual assessment or pasture meter readings to determine pasture mass (kg DM/ha). Pasture allowance is then the product of the pre-grazing pasture mass and the area allocated for grazing (ha), divided by the number of cows in the herd. Generally, the higher the pasture allowance, the higher the pasture intake (Figure 1). Data were compiled from a range of grazing experiments in Victoria (Stockdale and King 1980; Doyle et al. 1986, Wales and Dalley 1998, Stockdale 1999) and overseas (Holmes 1987; Dillon et al. 1989; Rogalski et al. 1989; Holmes et al. 1992; Hoogendoorn et al. 1992; Suksombat et al. 1994;) to establish the reliability of the relationship between pasture allowance and pasture intake for various pasture types.


This paper examines the long-run and short-run relationships between the current account deficit, budget deficit, savings and investment gap and trade openness in Sri Lanka using the autoregressive distributive lagged (ARDL) approach. The time series properties of the variables, in the presence of endogenous structural breaks, was previously analysed using Perron's (1997) additive outlier (AO) and innovational outlier (IO) models. The empirical analysis supports the Keynesian view that a link exists between the current account, budget deficit and savings and investment gap. We found that trade openness has a positive effect on the current account deficit, but is statistically insignificant, and offer some strategies to stabilise the budget deficit and current account deficits in Sri Lanka.


Finding the right heuristics to optimize code has always been a difficult and mostly manual task for compiler engineers. Today this task is near-impossible as hardware-software complexity has scaled up exponentially. Predictive models for compilers have recently emerged which require little human effort but are far better than humans in finding near optimal heuristics. As any machine learning technique, they are only as good as the data they are trained on but there is a severe shortage of code for training compilers. Researchers have tried to remedy this with code generation but their synthetic benchmarks, although thousands, are small, repetitive and poor in features, therefore ineffective. This indicates the shortage is of feature quality more than corpus size. It is more important than ever to develop a directed program generation approach that will produce benchmarks with valuable features for training compiler heuristics. We develop BenchPress, the first ML benchmark generator for compilers that is steerable within feature space representations of source code. BenchPress synthesizes compiling functions by adding new code in any part of an empty or existing sequence by jointly observing its left and right context, achieving excellent compilation rate. BenchPress steers benchmark generation towards desired target features that has been impossible for state of the art synthesizers (or indeed humans) to reach. It performs better in targeting the features of Rodinia benchmarks in 3 different feature spaces compared with (a) CLgen - a state of the art ML synthesizer, (b) CLSmith fuzzer, (c) SRCIROR mutator or even (d) human-written code from GitHub. BenchPress is the first generator to search the feature space with active learning in order to generate benchmarks that will improve a downstream task. We show how using BenchPress, Grewe's et al. CPU vs GPU heuristic model can obtain a higher speedup when trained on BenchPress's benchmarks compared to other techniques. BenchPress is a powerful code generator: Its generated samples compile at a rate of 86%, compared to CLgen's 2.33%. Starting from an empty fixed input, BenchPress produces 10× more unique, compiling OpenCL benchmarks than CLgen, which are significantly larger and more feature diverse. We release BenchPress's source code on a publicly available repository at https://github.com/fivosts/BenchPress. This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant EP/L01503X/1), EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Pervasive Parallelism at the University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics. This work was supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering under the Research Fellowship scheme.


The aim of this study was to measure minerals in Berberis lycium leaves and bark to evaluate the effects of its methanolic extract on diabetic rabbits. For this study 15 female rabbits were used and were divided into five equal groups. For induction of diabetes in animals, Alloxan monohydrate was used. The animals were under treatment for 15 days. For healthy and diabetic control groups distilled water for treatment control group glucophage for the fourth and fifth diabetic groups Berberis lycium extract in respectively one gram dose were used daily. Blood samples were collected from veins of ears and glucose level was measured with autoanalyzer glucometer. The results of the study indicated that secondary metabolites level in Berberis lycium leaves was considerably high as compared to bark. In diabetic rabbits administered with Berberis lycium. The results showed that alkaloids, saponins, sterols, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, were present while anthraquinones and cumarins absent in the extract of Berberis lycium. In leaves alkaloids, saponins, sterols, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, were present while anthraquinones and cumarins absent in the extract of Berberis lyceum. Blood glucose levels measured at day 15 of rabbits treated with 1g extract of leaves (T ́group) were (170±0.5773) and rabbits treated with 1g extract of bark (T1 group) were 299±0.57 rabbits treated with glucophage were (363±2.081) are significantly lower than diabetic group (533.33±0.33). The present investigation showed that the Berberis lycium leaves extract alleviates lipid profile level and might be used efficiently in especially (hyperglycemia) diabetic patients. * Corresponding Author: Muhammad Ishtiaq  firstname.lastname@example.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 449-456, 2017


Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is essential to control the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which has become an international health priority. Education of undergraduate students on AMS and AMR is a strategic objective in the WHO Global Action Plan on AMR and Ireland's National Action Plan.1,2 Research on AMS/AMR education has focused primarily on medical students with less emphasis on those from other healthcare profession including pharmacy students. Objectives To investigate AMS and AMR education in the Pharmacy undergraduate programme in the School of Pharmacy of an Irish University. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted in October 2019 with academic staff to capture their views on AMS education. Participants included staff members from different disciplines, those identified as involved in teaching elements of infectious disease, antibiotics, AMS and related topics, and those involved in curriculum design and approval within the School of Pharmacy. Interview transcripts were analysed by thematic analysis. An electronic survey of 17 questions was emailed to all second to fifth year UCC Pharmacy students in October 2019 to gather students' views and experiences of AMS education. The survey contained four sections which addressed demographics, AMS, resources and education using open-ended, closed-ended or Likert-scale questions. Ethical approval was obtained. Results Six key themes were identified from the ten interviews: (i) curriculum priorities and capacity; (ii) housing of the subject, fragmentation and cohesion; (iii) integration; (iv) communication; (v) teaching methods; and (vi) assessment methods. 113 students participated in the survey (32.3% response rate). 96% agree that a strong knowledge of antimicrobials for their future careers is important, and over 89% of students desire more education on AMR and AMS. Only 43% of students found their AMS education provided sufficient preparation for practice. Students felt most prepared to recognize clinical signs of infection and least prepared for IV to oral switching, interpreting biological marker and de-escalation of antimicrobials. Over 50% of students never used or were not familiar with the national primary care antimicrobial guidelines: www.antibioticprescribing.ie. Conclusions Pharmacy students and staff agree that AMS and AMR are important and need enhanced educational focus. Students feel there are gaps in their AMS education and expressed a desire for more education in this area. Improved communication and identification of curriculum priorities by staff could help to establish a more cohesive and comprehensive educational approach to this area.


Since the end of the Little Ice Age, glacial outlets of southern Iceland have undergone a substantial retreat, which has modified hydrological and sedimentological settings and caused fluvial adjustments. Based on lichenometric dating and topographical measurements, this study demonstrates that proximal sandar adjustment to glacier retreat follows two distinctive stages. The first one can be regarded as the reaction time of the sandur, during which the incision of the outwash plain is inhibited due to glacier front stagnation or paraglacial sediment release, which maintains the marginal sediment budget in a stable state. The second stage is characterized by the proximal sandur incision, which is triggered from the moment when the paraglacial sediment supply is insufficient to keep the sandar stable. During the second stage, the proximal sandur incision rate decreases as the glacier front retreats. The effect of glacier front readvances on the rate of proximal sandur incision is discussed. We found that glacier readvances could be able to slow down the proximal sandur incision, without time lag, by enhancing the marginal sedimentary stock.