Oxygen consumption, irrigation rate, and coelomic fluid $$P_{O_{2}}$$ were determined in Urechis caupo kept in glass U-tubes in the laboratory. Urechis is a partial oxyregulator, with O₂ uptake beginning to decline at O₂ levels below about 50% air-saturated water. Complete aerobic shutdown was not observed. Serial measurements of coelomic $$P_{O_{2}}$$ made concurrently with measurements of external medium $$P_{O_{2}}$$ indicate a fairly constant gradient of $$P_{O_{2}}$$ from external medium to coelom, down to O₂ partial pressures of about 15 torr (10% air-saturated water). Irrigation rate and $$\dot{V}_{O_{2}}$$ both show linear relationships with body pump rate (number of peristaltic waves per minute). Large amounts of H₂O are pumped per milliliter of O₂ consumed, and oxidative cost of irrigation remains constant over the range of irrigation and pump rates examined.


Objective To detect the expression of interleukin-17 A( IL-17A) in acute pancreatitis( AP). Methods Based on the eastablishment of AP model in mice induced by L-arginine,the expression of IL-17A was tested by immunohistichemical staining and Western blotting assay. Results In this animal model,IL-17A was overexpressed in acinar cells,mainly in the necrotic areas. Conclusion IL-17A would be involved in the acinar necrosis in AP.


In the process of aircraft development, the assessment of handling quality is particularly step for verifying the cockpit control units design whether meets the design requirements or not. If the assess results are not met the design requirements, the design must to be optimized or even redesigned. At present, most of research is mainly related to the design of cockpit control units and simulating and assessment of their maneuverability based on the dynamic model in the normal mode, however, the research on handling quality of cockpit control units in the failure operating mode is seldom. Moreover, override rod linkage form as a new kind of cockpit control units brings plenty of profits such as the weight saved and maintainability improved, however, it causes the failure mode becomes diverse and complicated. Therefore it will increase the difficulty of assessing this kind of cockpit control units. The object of this paper is to do a research on working principle and physical characteristics of cockpit control units of override rod linkage form, through modeling and simulation on its normal operating mode and failure mode, and finally gives an analysis and evaluation for the column force quality of each failure mode. The simulation results reveal the column force quality of each failure mode is acceptable.


In this paper we present the systems and techniques used by the University of Cambridge for the CDS (Clinical Decision Support) track of the 24 Text Retrieval Conference (TREC). The system was among the best automatic approaches for both CDS tasks and is based on a new language modelling approach implemented using Lucene.


With a clear and easy_to_understand example of playing mahjong,this paper introduces the time vector and chaos concept which are unfamiliar to geoscientists. Using another example,this paper explains further how these time vector and chaos theory can be applied to geosciences. The authors predict that if the geoscientists can tramp over the dividing crest of thinking,say good_bye to certainty,and study the geological phenomena with the thinking model of time vector and chaos theory,then the geosciences will have a qualitative leap and will take on a completely new look.


Virtual simulation is an ideal approach for providing situated learning environments in history education, in which virtual reality (VR) and video games are the most widely used approaches in teaching history because of their convenience and popularity. Already-made historical VR materials are usually used for experiencing history, and historical VR materials made by the students could help learn history by "doing history". We have been teaching the history and culture of Tang dynasty by the virtually reconstructed Dunhuang Mogao caves as well as the ancient Chang'an city with Minecraft, 3D modeling systems and 360-degree panoramic videos and images. Based on our practices, we propose a workable method for applying virtual simulation in history teaching. According to our experiences using virtual simulation for teaching history, the engagement and the performance of the students increase after virtual simulation based learning is used.


Understanding so11 organic C (SOC) spatial variability i\ critical when de~elopiog C budgets, explaining the cause and effects of climate change, and for basic ecos)sterrt characteriration. We inrestigated delineations of four soil \erles to elucidate the factors that affect the size, distribution, and variability of SOC pools from horizon to landscape scales. These soils, classified a\ Udipsamments, Dystrudepts, Endoaquepts, and Haplosaprisis. were sampled along random transects to a depth of 1 n ~ . In \er) poorlj and poorly drained soil5 75 and 45% of total SO(' was found below -30 em, re\pecti+ely. In contrast, only 30% of the total SOC could be accounted for below 30 cnl in the well and excessively dramed soils. Soils forrr~ed in outwash 2nd young a l ln~ium sequestered a greater portion of total SOC within the subsoil, while soils formed in loess held approYinlately 70% of the SOC within 0 and A horizons. Total S O C contents anlong the four soil types differed significantly O, . 0.001), with the wetter soils having greater accuniulations of C. Soil C pools ranged from 110 hlg C ha ' in the evcessively drained Psamrnents (double the mean national talue) to 586 Mg C ha ' in the very poorly drained Saprists (3(MO% lower than the mean nalional value). The two-fold differences between our data and the national averages support the need for regional assessn~ents of soil C pools. Based o n the coefficient of variation (CV) values, there appears to he nearly as much variability in the SOC pool within a delineation (CVs ranged 9 to 30%) as among delineations (CVs ranged from 15 to 31%) for the same soil tlpe. Since significant differences were found for total S O C among delineations of the same soil type, we concluded that sampling from a significant number of delineations of the same series will provide a more accurate representation of SOC for scaling to the landscape or region than sampling at multiple locations within a single representative delineation.


To improve the tracking accuracy of an underwater maneuvering target, according to its characteristics of low speed and weak maneuvering performance, an adaptive Kalman filter is given based on the online estimation of the process noise variance. As the main filter analyzes the target motion, the process noise variance of the main filter is estimated by an auxiliary filter for being adaptively adjusted according to the target maneuvering intensity to improve the target tracking accuracy for uniform motions, as well as improving response speed of the filter for maneuvering behavior of the target. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs well, which, to a certain extent, effectively improves the tracking accuracy of an underwater maneuvering target.


The crystal structure of a Cs-rich beryl, a 9.212(2), c 9.236(3)4,, has been refined in the space group P6/mcc to an R index of 5.5Vo for 38I observed reflections. Mean tetrahedral and octahedral distances indicate that Li occurs in the Be site and not rn the Al site, Difference Fourier maps show ttrat the alkali cations are confined to the 2a and 2b sites in the channel, with Cs occurring at the 2 site, Stereochemical and bond-strength arguments suggest tbat atl, Na is in 2b and all water is in 2a, and that Na is bonded to at least one and possibly two water molecules in tle channel. In most published analyses of beryl, the number of HgO units exceeds twice that of Na atoms. Crystallochemical arguments provide maximum limits on the possible alkali-metal substitutions in beryl; approximately 100 published beryl analyses show that these limits are approached, but not exceeded.


A construction project requires a large amount of cyber-information, such as 3D models. Unfortunately, this information is typically difficult for construction field personnel to access and use on-site, due to the highly mobile nature of the job, as well as a hazardous work environment. Field personnel rely on carrying around large stacks of construction drawings, diagrams, and specifications, or traveling to a trailer to look up information electronically. This paper presents HDAR, a mobile augmented reality system for construction projects that provides high-precision visualization of semantically-rich 3D cyber-information over realworld imagery. The paper examines the challenges related to augmenting reality on a construction site, describes how HDAR overcomes these challenges, and empirically evaluates the capabilities of HDAR.


A case of portal hypertension is presented in which because of the presence of multiple thromboses of the main portal branches one of the usual portasystemic shunts could not be performed. An anastomosis between an enlarged left gastro‐epiploic vein and the left renal vein was successfully carried out. Six months after surgery the patient was well and no further haemorrhage had occurred.


High-pressure jets are being pursued in diesel engines in order to facilitate development of next-generation fuel injection systems aiming at high performance, high fuel economy, and low emissions of smoke. Cavitation erosion accompanying the use of high-pressure jets for diesel fuel injection pumps is a factor responsible for reduced equipment durability and performance. In response, the project reported here involved the production of test equipment for the purpose of replicating the behavior of a fuel injection pump as it would occur in an actual diesel engine, with erosion testing, and analysis of the shock pressure by the cavitation, and its generating part. As a result, the following behaviors were noted. (1) In the 3-dimensional analysis of an unsteady cavitation jet stream, the shock pressure by the cavitation and its generating part can be predicted. (2) If the exit clearance of a hole is adjusted, the generating position of a erosion is controllable.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Saudi Arabia and most countries in the world suffer greatly from excessive drugs that are notused after obtaining greater quantities of needs miscalculation waste of medicines andfollow-up history. A study by the clinical pharmacist in the department of oncology andhematology in the national guard health affairs found also that "there is a waste of drugsestimated at 500 million riyals annually, and the budget of medicine in the Kingdom isestimated at six or seven billion Riyals annually [2], [17].Therefore, our project NFC-MedManage aims to minimize the huge waste of medicines and toreduce the problems of medication dispenses and waste in pharmacies. The proposed systemuses NFC enabled smartphones and each medicine packet is tagged by NFC tag, whichcontains all medicines information and saving its details in the database. Pharmacists scan eachmedicine before storing it in the pharmacy inventory to list and count each medicine in thepharmacy. After that, pharmacists can scan each medicine tag before giving it to a patient toensure its validity in terms of expiry date and package status. By doing so, pharmacists cancheck medicine validity in a short time. Suppliers are also able to have a quick automaticoverview of each pharmacy status in terms of medicine wastage and inventory shortage. Thisapplication helps pharmacists to manage medicines and follow-up periodically and helpsupplier companies to follow pharmacies and improve distribution methods and expectedproduction ratio. It also helps the company to efficiently track the damaged medicines andmanage the pharmacy waste containers by getting rid of damaged medicines better.


It was tried to prepare unidirectional carbon-fiber/mortar using light weight sand composite (CFRC-L) (20 mm in thickness) and carbon-fiber/mortar using standard sandcomposite (CFRC-S) (20 mm in thickness) with long sheaf-type carbon fiber (CF) in tension side, and the mechanical properties of CFRC-L and CFRC-S were compar ed.The CFRC specimens were prepared by the following process. A mortar layer of 1 mm in thickness was placed on the bottom of the mould first, and then unidirectional long sheaf-type CF previously impregnated with portland cement paste (reinforcement). Finally mortar was placed on the reinforcement, and then the CFRC specimens were cured in water.The following factors were investigated on the mechanical properties of the CFRC specimens: (1) kinds of CF (PAN based HPCF and pitch based GPCF), (2) sand cement ratio (S/C), and (3) kinds of sand.The CFRC-L (1.6 in S/C) prepared using HPCF or GPCF sheafs, exhabited the flexural strength of 18 MPa and 11 MPa, respectively. These values were 80-90% of that of CFRC-S's (1.6 in S/C).The deflection of these CFRC-L's was nearly equal to that of CFRC-S's.The specific strength of these CFRC-L's was over 20% larger than that of CFRC-S's.Thus the mechanical properties of CFRC-L (1.6 in S/C) were nearly equal to those of CFRC-S. This reinforcing method is effective to lighten the specimen and for the application of CF.


Designs in the 1980's have a multitude of parameters from environmental, noise, aesthetics, planners, community groups, political influence and last but not least, legal/liability concerns. With the change in emphasis from symmetrical developments serving many transportation functions and needs to the development of more difficult topographic conditions of today incorporating curvilinear and cul-de-sac street systems, the overall job of the engineer to provide a safe and adequate Project design is challenging. This paper discusses the subject in terms of safety design considerations, design criteria, public streets, standards, sight distance, drainage, and related topics.


Abstract The Supercontainer design is the preferred option for the underground disposal of high level nuclear waste in Belgium. It consists of a carbon steel overpack surrounded by a thick concrete buffer. In this high alkaline environment and under normal conditions (without the ingress of aggressive species), the carbon steel overpack will be protected by a passive oxide film, which is believed to result in very low uniform corrosion rates. The backbone of the RD&D strategy, which aims to provide confidence that the integrity of the overpack will be maintained at least during the thermal phase, is based on demonstrating that each localised corrosion mechanism (e.g. pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking), other than uniform corrosion, cannot take place under the high pH conditions prevailing within the Supercontainer (the 'exclusion principle'). This paper gives an overview of the status of the RD&D programme related to the anaerobic uniform corrosion of the carbon steel overpack. The outcome of the modelling efforts simulating the evolution of various parameters (temperature, pH, degree of saturation, corrosion potential and composition of aggressive species) that can potentially influence the corrosion processes, over geological timescales, is addressed.


Structural materials, such as ferritic and austenitic steels or aluminium alloys used in the nuclear and aircraft industry, are subjected to external operational loads in different environments. Adopting a damage tolerant design principle, understanding the growth of preexisting or newly formed cracks under these conditions is of prime relevance to prevent extensive crack propagation and failure of the component. Within this framework, the characterization of early stages of the damage processes, as nucleation, growth and coalescence of micro-voids and the evolution of the spatial dislocation distribution (dislocation patterning) is a particularly challenging aspect. It was the objective of the work performed to investigate the damage structure near a crack tip by means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Pre-cracked fracture mechanies standard specimens from different aluminium alloys and steels were loaded up to different amounts of crack growth. From the crack tip range sampIes of 100 to 200 ~m thickness were preparedand a small region around the crack tip was scanned using a microfocused Synchrotron beam. The SAXS experiments were performed at different Synchrotron sources and equipments with different beam cross section, scan step width and X-ray energy. AdditionaIly, the investigation was completed by other methods like X-ray diffraction, X-ray imaging diffraction technique (MAXIM), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. The SAXS intensity pattern shows location-related effects. Potential SAXS parameters to characterize the damage are the integral intensity, a fractal dimension parameter and a value determined from the ratio of the intensity vertical and horizontal to the direction of crack growth. Above aIl, the last parameter is suitable to depict the damage zone around thecrack tip. 1t is robust and applicable even for a material which exhibits an anisotropic SAXS pattern in the initial state. The source ofthis feature is, however, not yet fully understood. Siize and shape of the damage zone determined by SAXS are consistent with the results of finite element modelling. The result provides a new point of view for evaluating the damage processes in the course of crack initiation and progress.


Talent management has been a heating-up topic in recent years. It has a positive effect on the ability to create a compelling, productive, and valued enterprise for all stakeholders — employees, cu ...


. In a recent Zygon article (June 1991), Roger Sperry argues for the unification of science and religion based on the principle of emergent causation within the central nervous system. After illustrating Sperry's position with some current experiments, I suggest that his conclusions exceed his argument and the findings of contemporary neuroscience and propose instead a pluralistic, rather than unified, approach to the relations between religion and science necessitated by the incompleteness inherent in any strictly neurological account of human nature.


Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of plasma uric acid measurement in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) patients. Methods: A total of 156 PIH patients and 156 normal pregnant women who were hospitalized entered this study. The plasma uric acid was tested with uricase assay. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), hematocrit (Hct) and platelet (Pt) count were measured at the same time. Results: The plasma uric acid concentrations were significantly higher in PIH group than those in normal pregnant group [(347.2±107. 6)μmol/L vs (235. 5±43. 2)μmol/L, P 0. 01]; It has shown that there was a positive correlation between uric acid concentration and the disease severity[r(1)=0.39, r(2)=0.48, r(3)=0.59, P 0.05]; There was a trend that the increased UA was associated with an increase of BUN, Cr, Hct and a decrease of platelet count; There was significantly higher perinatal mortality in PIH group than that in normal pregnant women when plasma uric acid was above 350 μmol/L( P0.01). Conclusion:The plasma uric acid levels are believed to be the reflection of patients in progression of PIH and can be used as a biochemical marker for judging the fetal outcome.


From the study of subharmonic series found in the violin and related instruments, it is evident that the quality and loudness of the instruments depend on the pitch and variety of the subharmonic series, and on the characteristics of the wood and the fashioning of the top and back plates. Details are given on the nature of subharmonic series and their presence as observed in several methods of testing. The single air tone, heretofore reported, is shown by more detailed tests to consist frequently of two or more closely related peaks. Observations made in a series of experiments carried on during the construction of 35 violins, violas, and cellos indicate a method of controlling tone quality and volume of the completed instrument by means of the tap tones and the acoustic properties of the free plates. Experimental equipment which makes these findings possible is described in detail. With this concept of subharmonic series and the techniques described, a large field for experimental evaluation of string in...


Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complicated network, and several promising TME-targeted therapies, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies, are now facing problems over low response rates and drug resistance. Vitamin C (VitC) has been extensively studied as a dietary nutrient and multi-targeted natural drug for fighting against tumor cells. The focus has been recently on its crucial functions in the TME. Here, we discuss the potential mechanisms of VitC in several specialized microenvironments, characterize the current status of its preclinical and clinical applications, and offer suggestions for future studies. This article is intended to provide basic researchers and clinicians with a detailed picture of VitC targeting the tumor microenvironment. Abstract Based on the enhanced knowledge on the tumor microenvironment (TME), a more comprehensive treatment landscape for targeting the TME has emerged. This microenvironment provides multiple therapeutic targets due to its diverse characteristics, leading to numerous TME-targeted strategies. With multifaced activities targeting tumors and the TME, vitamin C is renown as a promising candidate for combination therapy. In this review, we present new advances in how vitamin C reshapes the TME in the immune, hypoxic, metabolic, acidic, neurological, mechanical, and microbial dimensions. These findings will open new possibilities for multiple therapeutic avenues in the fight against cancer. We also review the available preclinical and clinical evidence of vitamin C combined with established therapies, highlighting vitamin C as an adjuvant that can be exploited for novel therapeutics. Finally, we discuss unresolved questions and directions that merit further investigation.


Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer great therapeutic promise for the treatment of human diseases due to their ability to generate all tissues in the body and potentially regenerate or replace damaged tissues in patients. Here, I discuss recent progress in the derivation, maintenance, growth, and differentiation of hESCs that are leading the stem cell field one step closer to the efficient and effective utilization of hESCs in the clinical setting.


In the current scenario, food safety has drawn major social and commercial concerns. The poor performance of food supply including inefficient transaction, fraud, adulteration etc has lead to greater trust issues. Traceability is one of the key factors that promote trust which can be achieved by integrating the current system with blockchain. Blockchain is an emerging technology that allows transaction among distributed parties without the need of intermediaries. Being a distributed digital ledger technology, blockchain ensure transparency and security along with traceability. It creates and maintains tamper-proof database that can be accessed by all the entities in the network. The data is collected from sensors that are installed in the food packets which provide real time monitoring. Thus, blockchain keeps record of all the information at every instance.


Chiral structures resulting from the packing of helices are common in biological and synthetic materials. Herein, we analyze the noncentrosymmetry (NCS) in such systems using crystallographic considerations. A comparison of the chiral structures built from helices shows that the chirality can be expected for specific building units such as 31/32 or 61/65 helices which, in hexagonal arrangement, will more likely lead to a chiral resolution. In these two systems, we show that the highest crystallographic symmetry (i.e., the symmetry which can describe the crystal structure from the smallest assymetric unit) is chiral. As an illustration, we present the synthesis of two materials ([Zn(2,2'-bpy)3](NbF6)2 and [Zn(2,2'-bpy)3](TaF6)2) in which the 3n helices pack into a chiral structure.


Objective: To prepare BCNU-loaded micelles modified with interleukin-13 (IL13) as gliomas-tar-geting ligand that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and raise the concentration of BCNU in brain, and en-hance the anti-tumor activity. Methods: BCNU-loaded micelles (BCNU-M) were prepared by film hydration with DSPE-PEG and then IL13 was anchored on the particle surface by EDC/NHS aqueous phase condensation in or-der to build active glioma-targeting BCNU micelles (BCNU-M-IL13). Preparation conditions were screened and optimized based on particle size, Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of the micelles. Pharmaceutic perfor-mances were investigated for particle size, Zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, loading-rate and in vitro release. An MTT method was used to compare the toxicities of BCNU, BCNU-M and BCNU-M-IL13 on BT325 cells. The half-lives of BCNU, BCNU-M and BCNU-M-IL13 in brain were examined after intravenous in-jection. Results: The particle size of BCNU-M-IL13 was (86.6±1.2) nm, the surface potential was (-18.6±2.1) mV, transmission electron microscopy showed that the micelles were round with narrow particle size distribution. The encapsulation efficiency was (93.5±2.7)%; the drug loading rate was (3.8±0.1)%; and the cumulative release rate of BCNU for 48 h was (46.8±3.9)%. IC50 of BCNU-M-IL13 for BT325 was (44.9±0.5)μmol·L-1; the half-life of BC-NU in rat brain after BCNU-M-IL13 injection was 1.7 h. Conclusion: Interleukin-13 modified BCNU micelles prepared in this study are simple in production with excellent pharmaceutical properties. They stay longer in brain with stronger anti-tumor effects.


External laryngeal trauma though uncommon but it is a life threatening ENT emergency. Early diagnosis, prompt establishment of a secure airway is the key for good outcome. Here we present a series of three cases of external laryngeal injury with significant trauma managed conservatively with good recovery to discuss the present concepts in management of external laryngeal trauma. The first case was presented with neck swelling and inability to speak after suicidal attempt. CT scan showed fracture of thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone. Second patient following trauma had change in voice and pain in neck with extensive injury clinically and on CT scan showed gross emphysema in soft tissue planes extending from skull base to mediastinum with comminuted fracture of anterior thyroid cartilage. The third patient presented with change in voice and respiratory distress. CT scan showed cricoid fracture at subglottic level. All these three patients were managed conservatively with systemic steroids, antibiotics and nebulization without any surgical intervention. All three patients showed complete recovery. Conclusion: External Laryngeal trauma can be managed conservatively without active surgical intervention with good voice airway.


Comparison between the performance of the second and first degree stationary iterative techniques is performed on two representations to two point boundary value problems of the second and fourth orders. The numerical treatment of the Fredholm integral equation representation for the second and fourth order boundary value problems (BVP) has illustrated the effective use of their integral representation. The finite difference method with the same accuracy is employed to construct linear systems from the differential or the equivalent Fredholm form. Second degree linear stationary iterative methods are extensively used. The second degree Gauss-siedle (S. G. S) method is presented, by measuring the asymptotic rates of convergence of the sequence; we are able to determine when the Gauss-Seidle second-degree iterative method is superior to its corresponding first-degree one. Two numerical examples are considered, one of them is of the second degree BVP and the other is fourth order BVP. All calculations are done with the help of computer algebra system (MATHEMATICA 10.2).


Although the particle size distributions and shapes of catalysts used in the fluid catalytic cracking process greatly affects the flow, catalysts with a wide range of particle size distribution are actually being used. Therefore, the authors have made studies on the characteristics of micro spherical catalyst particles in various particle size range as a start to determine the effects which particle size distributions and density changes bear upon the flow. These studies have indicated that;(1) In the past it was very difficult to determine the coefficient to express the density and shapes in relation with the flow. However, it was possible to obtain a value to express the physical characteristics, through the formula for the pressure drop of the fixed bed.(2) Catalysts now being used in the units were segregated into several groups in accordance with particle sizes, and it was discovered that the individual apparent bulk density will decrease as the particle size increases.(3) The minute particles of catalysts have a tendency to abnormally expand to resemble channeling, and the course particles resemble slagging. However, by utilizing the expansion curves of the layers the relation of these tendencies were studied in respect to the particle size and types of catatlysts, and it was discovered that the particle size of 40 micron is the limit between channeling and abnormal expansion.


This paper, on the basis of the previous studies and the features of the growing small and micro businesses, presents the evaluation index system of employee satisfaction in these types of companies. It uses an anonymous questionnaire survey approach to survey the enterprise employee satisfaction, and adopts the AHP-Fuzzy method to get statistical analysis on samples, drawing an integrated staff satisfaction of 3.19 points in the growing small and micro businesses, namely" almost satisfaction", in which the" work group satisfaction" ranks the highest score (4.016 points), and the "job reward satisfaction" the lowest (2.571 points). In addition, using the same method to classify and calculate the employee satisfaction, it finds that in the employee age category, staff satisfaction of 30-year-old or over is the highest (3.451), In the light of the working seniority in the enterprise, namely the length of service category, the satisfaction of employees working 2-3 years in the company is the lowest(2.501), according to the staff qualifications category, the satisfaction of employees with lower College education is the lowest (2.932), in family status category, unmarried staff satisfaction is the lowest (2.941), according to the position in hierarchy category, general staff satisfaction is the lowest (2.901 points).


A new method of learning Bayesian network structure based on basic dependency relationship between variables,basic structure between nodes,d-separation criterion,the idea of dependency analysis and the strategy of mixture orienting is given.This method do not need sorting nodes.It can effectively avoid the exponential complexity of search scoring based methods and a large number of the calculate of high rank conditional probability in existing dependency analysis based methods.


The paper presents the features of adaptation to the mental stress of students enrolled for the intellectual game of universal education, resulting from a comprehensive assessment of slow-wave heart rate variability, autonomic status and neurodynamical in-dicators of children aged 8-11 years


An ethical ideologies model based on relativism and idealism was tested. Subjects judged the morality of an individual who produced a mildly or extremely positive or negative consequence by conforming to or violating a common moral norm. As predicted, an averaging model with differential weights accounted for situationists' (high relativism and idealism) and absolutists' (low relativism and high idealism) judgments; conformity to norms was discounted when the consequence was extremely negative or positive. In contrast, subjectivists' (high relativism and low idealism) judgments conformed to an averaging model; a mildly positive consequence lowered moral judgments of conforming actions. whereas a mildly negative consequence tended to raise moral judgments of nonconforming actions. Last, exceptionists' (low relativism and idealism) judgments were influenced equally by conformity and consequence. These individuals generally combined data in a strictly linear, additive fashion; the more positive the consequence or the greater the conformity of the action to a moral norm, thc more positive the moral judgment.


Spatial filtering, spectral matched inhibition, and recovering of defocused images are implemented by modulation of the induced birefringence of a BSO crystal. The intensity distribution received by the crystal modulates the induced birefringence and the ellipticity of the transmitted light is then modified as it propagates through the crystal. To describe the processor, a 4-f optical system is used. A simple physical model is introduced and numerical and experimental results are presented.


This paper describes the architecture of an image and data level comparative visualization system and experiences using it to study computational fluid dynamics data and experimental wind tunnel data. We illustrate how the system can be used to compare data sets from different sources, data sets with different resolutions and data sets computed by using different mathematical models of fluid flow. We include recent improvements including use of the comparison of vector fields, ability to interactively interrogate the comparisons, addition of new metrics, the latest FEL2.0 and VisTech libraries, and GUI for a calculator module.


We report transport properties as a function of temperature and pressure up to 16 GPa in single crystals of NaxCoO2. Our x=0.5-δ samples, obtained by a novel de-intercalation method, present the transitions characteristic of x=0.5 samples, albeit with a metallic ground state at low temperatures. Besides the obvious consequences of the sub-stoichiometry of our samples, we present evidence suggesting that an insulator state can be induced by disorder that localizes the few carriers left after the transitions.


Open rotor propulsion technologies offer an opportunity for reducing fuel burn due to the very high effective bypass ratio that results in increased propulsive efficiency. Open rotor effective bypass ratio can be 25 or higher and represents a potential advantage over even advanced ultra high bypass ratio turbofan engines. At the same time, great challenges arise from this radically different engine architecture in terms of aircraft system integration. The propulsion airframe aeroacoustic (PAA) effects of integration are one of those key challenges. Total installed noise, open rotor noise including integration effects, can be impacted by angle of attack, spacing between rotors and airframe elements, flow effects from wake ingestion or distortion from the airframe elements and several other parameters that generally depend on the aircraft configuration. In general, these effects increase noise compared to that of an isolated open rotor. This inter-relationship of the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic system integration effects is particularly important to enable future application. Furthermore, innovative integration and advanced technology may also offer the possibility of mitigating these usually negative aeroacoustic effects for a total aircraft system noise reduction. Understanding of these installation effects is essential to be able to assess the aircraft system benefits and to develop technology and approaches to achieve the best aircraft system benefits possible. An extensive model scale test campaign was conducted to investigate a broad range of these open rotor installation effects for both a conventional and an unconventional airframe. The conventional airframe was patterned after a modern twinengine aircraft configuration. The unconventional airframe was a hybrid wing body aircraft concept. The contra-rotating, eight by eight, open rotor used in this experiment was legacy technology from the 1980s flight test project. The experimental campaign was conducted in the Boeing Low Speed Aeroacoustic Facility (LSAF), shown in Figure 1. A 9 by 12 ft open jet is used to produce the forward flight simulation with a maximum Mach number of 0.25 for this experimental setup. Figure 1 shows the basic setup for this campaign with the airframe attached from the overhead structure and the open rotor rig attached on a strut from below the open jet. LSAF installed specially designed modifications for efficient positioning of the airframe relative to the open rotor. The airframe was traversed remotely relative to the fixed open rotor rig providing for the investigation of a large number of installation positions. Eight positions around the main wing of the conventional airframe and eleven positions above the hybrid wing body airframe were documented. Figure 2 shows a typical spectrum of the open rotor. In this case, the forward and aft blade rows were run intentionally at slightly different speeds. This allows the engine 3rd AIAA Atmospheric Space Environments Conference 27 30 June 2011, Honolulu, Hawaii AIAA 2011-4047


The Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis Prize is awarded each year by the History of Science Society "to the author of a book useful in undergraduate teaching or which promotes public understanding of the history of science." This year's committee—consisting of Judith R. Goodstein, chair, Larry Owens, and Nathan M. Brooks—is honored to announce the award of the 2003 Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis Prize to Ken Alder, for The Measure of All Things: The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World, published by the Free Press. Alder's new book is an extraordinary geodetic soap opera that deftly combines gripping narrative, a vivid sense of place and local culture, and a very human exploration of the meaning, moral significance, and profound personal costs associated with the Enlightenment's embrace of measurement, precision, and rational standards. Set against the backdrop of the French Revolution, The Measure of All Things tells the epic story of two intrepid astronomers, JeanBaptiste-Joseph Delambre and Pierre-FrançoisAndré Méchain, who set out in opposite directions from Paris in June 1792 to measure the size of the Earth. They carried with them official papers, an ingenious scientific instrument— Borda's repeating circle—for measuring angles, and the cherished dream of France's preeminent scientific thinkers that a uniform set of weights and measures would give rise to a universal language of measures among all nations. The decision to base this new system of measures on the fundamental unit of length known as the meter led the French Academy's Commission of Weights and Measures to abandon the idea of deriving that measure from the length of a pendulum with a one-second period. Instead, the commission decided to base the meter upon another unit of length—one tenmillionth part of a quarter of the Earth's meridian. In the end, only one portion of one meridian anywhere on the globe would do: namely, the arc of the meridian that extends from Dunkirk through Paris to Barcelona. A spellbinding storyteller, Alder not only retraced on a bicycle the route traveled by Delambre and Méchain; he also mined the archives of the Observatory of Paris, where he unearthed a 200-year-old secret—and a tale of guilt and conspiracy worthy of a Shakespearean drama. As Alder muses: "This is a tale of error and its meaning: how people strive for utopian perfection—in their works and in their lives—and how they come to terms with the inevitable shortcomings. What does it feel like to make a mistake, and in a matter of such importance? Yet even in failure, Delambre and Méchain succeeded, for by their labor they rewrote not only our knowledge of the shape of the earth, but our knowledge of error as well. In the process, scientific error was transformed from a moral failing into a social problem, forever altering what it meant to be a practicing scientist." One can forgive the "New and Noteworthy Paperbacks" column of the New York Times Book Review for mistakenly referring to Ken Alder's book as a novel. It's hard to imagine a more well-deserved compliment.


To determine the regulative role of miR-142-3p in lactation of dairy goat mammary epithelia cells(DGMECs),we selected the DGMECs in lactating dairy goat for material,used liposomal transfection techniques to silence miR-142-3p expression,and used Real-time quantitative PCR,Western blotting and Assay Kits to explore the changes of lactation after miR-142-3p inhibition.The results showed that when miR-142-3p was inhibited,the cell proliferation ability of DGMECs was increased,the secretion amount ofβ-casein and triglyceride were up-regulated.So we concluded that miR-142-3p could influence the lactation function of DGMECs,such as cell proliferation,β-casein and triglyceride secretion,by inhibiting the function of its target genes.


The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in the United States has remained stable during the past eight years, even as obesity rates climb.


Using the Trek detector, we have measured the abundances of the heaviest elements (with Z>70) in the galactic cosmic rays with sufficient charge resolution to resolve the even-Z elements. We find that the abundance of Pb compared to Pt is ∼3 times lower than the value expected from the most widely-held class of models of the origin of galactic cosmic ray nuclei, that is, origination in a partially ionized medium with solar-like composition. The low abundance of Pb is, however, consistent with the interstellar gas and dust model of Meyer, Drury and Ellison, and with a source enriched in r-process material, proposed by Binns et al. A high-resolution, high-statistics measurement of the abundances of the individual actinides would distinguish between these models. This is the goal of ECCO, the Extremely Heavy Cosmic-ray Composition Observer, which we plan to deploy on the International Space Station.


Thisresearch was conducted with the objectives of: (1) Identifying community forest management in Barru Regency, (2) Identifying community forest farmers' acceptance in Barru Regency, (3) Identifying external and internal factors in community forest development in Barru Regency, (4) Formulating development strategy in the development of community forests in Barru Regency. The research was carried out from December 2020 to January 2021. Locations in Soppeng Riaja District, Barru Regency, namely the Forest Farmers Group (KTH) Sipakatau Siddo Village and KTH Megabuana Paccekke Village. The results showed that the management of community forests in Barru Regency has an agroforestry pattern with a planting pattern of wood, food, plantation, and other crops. The average income of community forest farmers is Rp. 10,874,600/person or an average of Rp.11,187,860/hectare. Internal factors that become strengths and weaknesses in the development of community forests in Barru Regency are identified through indicators of land area, labor, experience in managing community forests and acceptance of community forest farmers. External factors that become opportunities and threats are identified through access to information in marketing the results of businesses in community forest, government attention to community forest management, government assistance to community forest farmers, the role of Forest Farmers Groups (KTH) in helping farmers market products from community forests. , the selling price of community forest products and training of farmers on community forests. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, it was found that the strength score was greater than the weakness with a difference of 2.60 and the opportunity score was greater than the threat with a difference of 2.83. This shows that the strategy formulation used is Strengths (S) – Opportunities (O) by using strengths to take advantage of opportunities.


Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous molecular materials represent a new platform for achieving and exploring high-performance sorptive properties and gas transport. The key lies in the modular nature of these materials, which allows for tuning and functionalization towards improved gas capture


(From left) Trudy Wijnhoven is a Nutrition Officer and the technical focal point for the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition at FAO, Rome, Italy. Michele Lessa de Oliveira is the General Coordinator for Food and Nutrition at the Ministry of Health of Brazil. Angélica D. Tutasi-Lozada, Internal Management Coordinator for Promotion of Nutrition, Safety and Food Sovereignty, Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. Giuseppe Ruocco is the Secretary-General at the Ministry of Health of Italy and the President of the National Working Group "Ita Decade". Lina Mahy is a Technical Officer at the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland


This report summarizes information collected annually in the U.S. on survival, recruitment, abundance and harvest of mourning doves. Trends in the number of doves heard and seen per route from the all-bird Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) are reported, and absolute abundance estimates based on band recovery and harvest data are provided. Harvest and hunter participation are estimated from the Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program (HIP). BBS data suggested that the abundance of mourning doves over the last 52 years increased in the Eastern Management Unit (EMU) and decreased in the Central (CMU) and Western (WMU) Management Units. Estimates of absolute abundance are available since 2003 and indicate that there were about 243 million doves in the U.S. as of 1 September 2017. Abundance (in millions of birds) varied among management units in 2017: EMU 65.6 (SE=3.4); CMU 132.9 (SE=8.5); and WMU 44.5 (SE=3.7). HIP estimates for mourning dove total harvest, active hunters, and total days afield in the U.S. in 2017 were 11,561,100 ± 343,100 (estimate ± SE) birds, 709,000 hunters, and 2,052,400 ± 69,800 days afield. Harvest and hunter participation at the management unit level were: EMU, 4,783,300 ±201,800 birds, 286,200 hunters, and 758,500 ± 30,200 days afield; CMU, 5,462,800 ± 271,300 birds, 332,200 hunters, and 1,058,800 ± 62,000 days afield; and WMU, 1,315,000 ± 58,100 birds, 90,600 hunters, and 235,100 ± 10,800 days afield. The mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) is one of the most abundant bird species in North America, and is familiar to millions of people. Authority and responsibility for management of this species in the U.S. is vested in the Secretary of the Interior. This responsibility is conferred by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 which, as amended, implements migratory bird treaties between the U.S. and other countries. Mourning doves are included in the treaties with Great Britain (for Canada) and Mexico (U.S. Department of the Interior 2013). These treaties recognize sport hunting as a legitimate use of a renewable migratory bird resource. Maintenance of dove populations in a healthy, productive state is a primary management goal. Management activities include population assessment, harvest regulation, and habitat management. Each year, tens of thousands of doves are banded and thousands of wings from harvested doves are analyzed to estimate annual survival, harvest rates, recruitment, and abundance. The resulting information is used by wildlife managers in setting annual hunting regulations (USFWS 2017). Past federal frameworks for hunting mourning doves in the U.S. are in Appendix A. DISTRIBUTION Mourning doves breed from southern Canada throughout the U.S. into Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas and Greater Antilles, and in scattered locations in Central America (Peterjohn et al. 1994, Fig. 1). Although mourning doves winter throughout much of their breeding range, the majority winter in the southern U.S., Mexico, and south through Central America to western Panama (Aldrich 1993, Mirarchi and Baskett 1994). POPULATION MONITORING Within the U.S., three zones contain mourning dove populations that are largely independent of each other (Kiel 1959; Fig. 2). These zones encompass the principal breeding, migration, and U.S. wintering areas for each population. As suggested by Kiel (1959), these three zones were established as separate management units in 1960 (Kiel 1961). Since that time, management decisions have been made within the boundaries of the Eastern (EMU), Central (CMU),


Near-field imaging in the microwave regime has many applications from radar to through-the-wall imaging and cancer cell detection. Currently, practical near-field imagers are implemented as benchtop systems and therefore are bulky, expensive, and typically susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Here we introduce and demonstrate the first single-chip nanophotonic near-field imager, where the impinging microwave signals are upconverted to the optical domain and optically delayed and processed to form the near-field image of the target object. The 121-element imager, which is integrated on a silicon chip, is capable of simultaneous processing of ultra-wideband microwave signals and achieves 4.8° spatial resolution for near-field imaging with orders of magnitude smaller size than the benchtop implementations and a fraction of the power consumption.


In a clinical series of 242 patients with chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis, 142 patients were classed as chronic abusers of drugs containing phenacetin. Seventy-nine per cent of all the patients were followed up for one to eleven years (average 5.3 years). Eight patients (about 8 per cent) in the group of analgesic abusers developed transitional cell tumors of the renal pelvis, but no such tumors arose in the non-abusers.In the adjacent surgical department transitional cell tumor was diagnosed in another five analgesic abusers during the past eight years. The group of analgesic abusers with renal pelvic tumor (13 patients) was compared with a group of non-abusers with such tumors (15 patients) from the same surgical department. The mean age of the patients in the first group was lower and females were in the majority, while in the second group elderly men with prostatic hyperplasia predominated.Tumor differentiation tended to be lower and infiltrative growth more frequent in the analgesic abusers. T...


The rotorcraft industry has rapidly implemented integral structures into aircraft to benefit from the weight and cost advantages over traditionally riveted structure. The cost to manufacture an integral structure, where the entire component is machined from a single plate of material, is about one-fifth that of a riveted structure. Furthermore, the integral structure can weigh only one-half that of a riveted structure through optimal design of stiffening structure and part reduction. Finally, inspection and repair of damage in the field can be less costly than riveted structure. There are no rivet heads to inspect under, reducing inspection time, and damage can be removed or patched readily without altering the primary structure, reducing replacement or repair costs. In this paper, the authors will investigate the damage tolerance implications of fielding an integral structure manufactured from thick plate aluminum.


The role of antibiotic prophylaxis in the initial management of patients with acute pancreatitis is an area of major controversy. Contrary to earlier clinical trials, recent experimental and clinical studies have accrued evidence that warrants reappraisal of current clinical practice. This article reviews these recent advances in knowledge.


Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is a waste generated in the EAF during the steel production process. Among different wastes, EAF dust represents one of the most hazardous, since it contains heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb. The goal of the present work is to characterise the waste through chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF).

EAFs produce metal dusts, slag, and gaseous emissions. The primary hazardous components of EAF dust are zinc, lead, and cadmium; nickel and chromium are present when stainless steels are manufactured. The composition of EAF dust can vary greatly, depending on scrap composition and furnace additives.


China Ship Scientific Research Center has developed the SK-01 shaft power measurement system for marine diesel engine.The system is composed of Torque Trak 10K Digital Telemetry System,J12-D4NK Magnetic Resistance Transducer and NI USB-6009 data acquisition board.Accurate measurement of shaft power by use of the software based on LabVIEW and telemetering strain method is achieved,and real time display,storage,processing and analysis of measured data are realized.And,two real ship measurement examples are given to prove the accuracy and reliability of the system.


MAKING SENSE Three essays show how attending closely to the ways in which sense is produced can help us make better sense of things.


COSMIC RAY NEUTRINOS* F. Reines, ij.H. Chen, H.S. Gurr, W.R. Kropp, P.B. Landecker, J.F. Lathrop, W.G. Sandie, H.W. Sobel, University of Californa, Irvine M.F. Crouch, Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland J.P.F. Sellschop, D. Bourne, H. Coxell, o. Kramer, B.S. Meyer, University of the ~itwatersrand,Johannesburg Introductory Remarks: A Partial Summary The talk which I will give today is on an experiment of a completely different character than the report on the v , e scattering experiment which . e . / . I gave on Tuesday • . There, the goal is clear and the problem rather well defined. In contrast, the subject of cosmic ray neutrinos is still in an early stage and the experiment I wi~l describe have goals w.hich are of a more diffuse and exploratory character.


Objective:To investigate the effects of serum containing substances of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction on mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG) and receptor activator of NF-ΚB ligand(RANKL) in osteoblasts,and to study the mechanism of action of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction for osteoporosis.Methods:Osteoblasts were obtained from new born rats' calvaria by collagenase-trypsin digestion.Four groups were included in the experiment,in situ hybridization method was used to detect the mRNA expression of OPG and RANKL.Results:Compared with the normal serum group,the mRNA expression of OPG in osteoblasts in the serum of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction was increased significantly,while the mRNA expression of RANKL was decreased remarkably.Conclusion:The serum containing Duhuo Jisheng Decoction could not only inhibit the secretion of RANKL to repress the activity of osteoclast but also stimulate osteoblasts to secrete OPG,then the combination of OPG and RANKL was increased,which could reduce the activity of RANKL and reduce the activity of the bone resorbing activity of obsteoclasts consequently.It may be one of the mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction for treating osteoporosis.


This paper describes the design and modelling theory of the 3-phase switched reluctance machine in which there are overlaps between the phase current pulses in order to minimise the torque ripple. The variations of the differential self and mutual inductances with the phase currents and the rotor positions are obtained by the finite element method. Theoretical and experimental results obtained with the angle control strategy are presented.


Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological entity that is caused by various etiological factors and characterized by headache, confusion, seizure, altered consciousness, visual disturbances and combination of these symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates vasogenic edema in the white matter of the parietooccipital lobes typically. Other regions of the brain such as frontal lobe, basal ganglia and deep white matter are affected in patients with atypical PRES. In this report, we present the radiological findings of atypical PRES in a hypertensive child with end stage renal disease and review the current literature related to this situation. Int J Clin Pediatr. 2014;3(1):29-32 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/ijcp142w


middle tectonic level (Starcevo Unit) along the Starcevo Fault. More to the east the Starcevo Unit is juxtaposed to overlying rocks of the Borovica Unit along the Borovica Fault, which probably represents the border between the middle and the upper tectonic level. U-Pb zircon geochronology was carried out on samples from deformed and undeformed pegmatite veins which were taken a) in the border area between the Arda and Starcevo units in the hanging-wall of the Starcevo Fault near Nedelino, and b) in the area of the Borovica Shear Zone at the western flank of the Pripek Granite along the road to the village Dolen east of Zlatograd. For a) preliminary results show a zircon crystallization age of around 36 Ma for an undeformed vein, for b) preliminary results show zircon crystallization ages of around 44 Ma for mylonitic veins and therefore suggest a Lutetian age for the activity of the Borovica Shear Zone. We propose a model where the lower tectonic level of the RMP is Apulia-derived and where the present-day structure of the Rhodopes can be explained by a subduction polarity reversal from SW-dipping in the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous to NE-dipping in the Late Cretaceous and Palaeogene.


The utility model relates to a safety performance enhancement device for lithium-battery use of electric cars, which is composed of a bare battery PACK, a bottom cap, a top cap and an elastic damping isolator, wherein the elastic damping isolator is positioned between the bottom cap, which is matched with the top cap, and the bare battery PACK, which is arranged on the bottom cap. The bare battery PACK comprises a cell fixture, a cell group, a heat-resistant antiwear insulating layer, a protection control circuit board, a connecting nickel and a rigid protective cover equipped with the elastic damping isolator, wherein the cell fixture is provided with the cell group, the circuit board and the connecting nickel. The insulating layer is positioned within the cell group, which is connected with the connecting nickel. The utility model has the advantages of completely new scientific structure design, so that the utility model is able to guarantee lithium-battery use safety due to the composite structure improvement of lithium-battery product of electric cars.


Thesis (M.A.)--Georgetown University, 2009.; Includes bibliographical
 references. Portrayed as a space for adolescent rebellion, dominated largely by boys and men,
 subcultures are consistently depicted as spaces for the construction of masculinity and youth.
 This focus on adolescent, male rebellion fails to recognize the purposes subcultural
 involvement might serve for adults, women, or other groups whose subcultural formations are
 often obscured or ignored. The subculture surrounding neo-burlesque performance speaks to the
 increased involvement of women within subcultural formations and to the prevalent, though
 often ignored, subcultural involvement of adults. Exploring neo-burlesque as a
 female-dominated subculture, this paper suggests that neo-burlesque performance, and the
 subcultural allegiance that accompanies it, provides a way for performers to navigate gender
 norms and codes, parodying norms of femininity, while embracing markers of femininity often
 deemed excessive. At the same time, the emergence of neo-burlesque and its surrounding social
 formation disrupts the connection between subcultures, youth and masculinity, providing
 insights into the social functions served by new subcultural forms.


This paper presents a bi-directional battery charger circuit. The implemented circuit is controlled by a PI controller. The DC to DC converters are plays a key role in solar power plants and battery charging stations. It is possible to charge and discharge batteries using this bi-directional DC to DC converter. The converter functions as a boost converter when it is discharging and as a buck converter when it is charging. The bi-directional converter is managed by the closed-loop PI controller. These paper simulation results are verified in MATLAB/Simulink software during battery charging and discharging mode. The simulation results during charging and discharging mode reached reference values.


In recent years,eco -tourism has been booming in China.Guilin's tourism also flourishes with her superlative tourism resources.However,the extreme Craze for eco-tourism brings about many new problems.Consequently,this article proposes constructive strategies and suggestions for the protection of the ecological environment and promotion of sustainable development of eco-tourism.


Abstract : A FORTRAN IV computer program for the solution of chemically nonreacting 2-D symmetric and axisymmetric jet and wake problems, which permits arbitrary initial and boundary conditions and assumptions for transport properties, was developed. Flow fields with pressure gradients and the heterogeneous mixing of two dissimilar gases were considered. An implicit finite difference method in the modified von Mises plane is used; the results, however, are printed out in the physical coordinates. The program needs about 60,000 memory cells and was written for CDC 6600 and the large versions of IBM 360 digital computers. It is found that a CDC 6600 computer can carry out the calculations for an x-interval of 2500 in about 5 to 7 minutes or less for most cases. (Author)


The essay is a study of divorce in England in the Modern Period, with particular reference to parliamentary divorce, established since the end of the 17th century. If husbands could get rid of undesired wives through wife-selling, private separation deeds, or separation a mensa et thoro awarded by the ecclesiastical courts, they were not permitted to remarry unless they got a private bill from Parliament. Parliament acted as a real court of justice and, being the procedure extremely long and expensive, parliamentary divorce was in fact a privilege reserved to members of the aristocracy in search of a heir. Only in 1857 the Divorce Act legalized divorce in the country through the establishment of the Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes.


Ratings are widely used in stock analysis, as they increase information transparency, simplify the assessment and investment decision-making in the stock markets, and increase their effectiveness. However, the use of ratings is constrained by subjective factors, which necessitates replacing expert assessments with objective characteristics. The aim of the study is to develop a stock valuation rating model, which allows obtaining additional information about the qualitative characteristics of shares in relation to existing rating methods, ensuring the transparency of the rating methodology and limiting the influence of subjectivity, affiliation and bias of an expert analyst. On the basis of the method of dynamic standard, a rating score is constructed, which expresses the measure of the proximity of the normative and actual order of the growth rates of indicators characterizing the investment attractiveness of stocks. When choosing current indicators for inclusion in the rating, the principle of their dynamic co-subordination (normative ordering by growth rates) proposed by I.M. Syroezhin and successfully used in the analysis of economic situations has been applied. The authors have built a share valuation rating model, which is a system of inequalities for the growth rates of six indicators (reference aggregated indicator — benchmark): the market price of a share, the size of the dividend per share, the company's net profit, revenue, equity and the number of shares in circulation. One of the advantages of the developed model is its universality: it is applicable to any industry, any market, and any accounting system. The model will make it possible to address the problems of expert subjectivism, the use of projected values and the availability of initial information (indicators of official reporting). The authors note the limitation of the model — it is not applicable to the valuation of early-stage companies. The model has been tested by compiling ratings of common stocks from the MICEX index10 for one-year and five-year periods. A comparative analysis of the ratings showed that a higher rating of stocks is observed in the long term. This also determines the applicability of the developed model as a stock analysis tool for long-term fundamental investments.


Hotel businesses are confronted by changes in clients' anticipation and management environment, inside and outside situational environment changes in competition with other hotels. It is required for members of an organization to cope with environmental changes by putting originality as their basis, and establish an innovative organization. Therefore, out of the primary preceding elements of hotel environment that affect hotel workers to exhibit innovative acts, the research was to verify elements that affect hotel workers such as transformational leadership, creativity, and innovative behavior. After substantial analysis in order to achieve the research objective, the research shows that charisma of transformational leadership, intellectual stimulation, and thoughtful consideration on individuals played big roles in affecting creativity. In addition, after verifying the connection between transformational leadership and innovative behavior, it is known that transformational leadership does affect innovative behavior. After verifying the connection between creativity and innovative behavior, creativity affects innovative behavior by providing the cause of justice.


The incidence of gonorrhea continues to rise at an alarming rate. In 1969, the increase was about 13 96, and an estimated minimum of 1,680,000 cases of the disease will occur in the United States in 1970. Thus, gonorrhea continues to be the number one reported bacterial infection in adults. Although the Public Health Service recommends penicillin as the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of this disease, experts throughout the world generally agree that resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin has developed and is continuing to develop. In 1954, 11 years after the advent of penicillin in the treatment of gonorrhea, in-vitro studies by Love and Finland [1] demonstrated that all of the 106 cultures of gonococci tested were inhibited by 0.06 units/ml or less of penicillin. Two years later, Thayer et al. [2] reported that 22 96 of the gonococcal isolates tested required 0.2 units/ml of penicillin for complete inhibition. Reyn [3] in 1963, after studying susceptibility of the gonococcus to antibiotics in Denmark, stated that 56 96 of the routine cultures were less sensitive to penicillin than those isolated in 1944.


1Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 8140193, Japan; 2Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8548, Japan; 3Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8548, Japan; 4Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8548, Japan; 5Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8548, Japan Background: Phantom bite syndrome (PBS) is characterized by an uncomfortable sensation during occlusion without any evident abnormality. A recent case–control study with singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT) using Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer could not find the specific features of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), which might be due to the heterogeneity of PBS. We analyzed the brain images of PBS corresponding to the clinical features by studying PBS subgroups. Methods: This study contributes to elucidating the pathophysiology of PBS by evaluating regional brain perfusion on SPECT and its clinical features. We performed SPECT using Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer in 44 patients with PBS. The SPECT images were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: Asymmetrical rCBF patterns were detected, corresponding to symptom laterality. Patients with PBS with right-side symptoms showed right-side-predominant rCBF asymmetry in the parietal region and left-side-predominant rCBF asymmetry in the thalamus, and vice versa. Moreover, the analysis of the association between rCBF and patient behaviors revealed that patients who blamed their dentists for their symptoms tended to have a symmetrical rCBF pattern. Conclusion: Patients with PBS showed blood flow imbalance in the thalamus and parietal region corresponding to symptom laterality. There are two types of symmetrical and asymmetrical rCBF patterns in the pathophysiology of PBS despite similar clinical manifestations.


Abstract:The purpose of this article is to show how scholars and practitioners can come together to address opportunity gaps for Black students at Michigan State University. The authors detail identity-conscious student success strategies within Reason and Kimball's model of theory to practice used by a group of Black faculty and staff. Among the specific strategies and initiatives were: community development, Welcome Black Week, Soul Food Fridays, and Sankofa Summit. Each strategy also provided increased opportunities for Black students to interact with Black faculty and staff outside of formal classroom settings. The authors conclude with recommendations for other institutions interested in similar approaches.


Author(s): Ogden, Joan M; Larson, Eric D; Delucchi, Mark A | Abstract: Despite significant reductions in tailpipe emissions over the past two decades, motor vehicles still account for 30 to 70% of all urban air pollution in the US and up to 30% of emissions of carbon dioxide related to energy use. In most countries of the world, ground transportation uses petroleum based fuels exclusively, and is hence vulnerable to supply and price volatility of the world oil market. Environmental and energy supply concerns are motivating a search for lower-polluting and more widely produced alternatives to petroleum transportation fuels and to internal combustion engines.To address environmental and energy supply problems posed by our current transportation system, the most attractive strategies are those where fuels could be (1) produced economically on a large scale from domestic resources and (2) produced and used with minimal emissions of criteria air pollutants (NOx, CO, unburned hydrocarbons, particulates, SOx) and greenhouse gases.If transportation fuels were derived from renewable sources (solar, wind, hydropower, biomass), emissions of greenhouse gases would be largely eliminated. In the United States, as in many areas of the world, potential renewable energy resources are vast and could ultimately meet foreseeable transportation energy demands, especially if coupled with high efficiency vehicles. If renewable fuels were used in zero or near-zero emission vehicles (e.g. battery powered electric vehicles or fuel cell electric vehicles), emissions of local pollutants would be eliminated or greatly reduced.


:  This article examines the offertory prayers in ELW, comparing them to the two prayers found in LBW. The author argues that the prayers in ELW have lost the spirituality of stewardship suggested by the prayers in LBW, and no longer maintain the important connection to Pauline theology, whereby the Christian understands his/her whole life, including time, talents, and money, to be offered back to God as a living sacrifice.


The invention relates to a method and to a picking station (5) for picking by an order picker of articles from source loading aids (2) into destination loading aids (6), wherein the loading aids (2, 6) are conveyed via a first conveyor system (18) to the picking station (5) and at the picking station (5) are made available for picking of the articles and after a picking operation are discharged from the picking station (5) again via a second conveyor system. A control device can co-ordinate the conveying movements of the source loading aids (2) and destination loading aids (6) in such a manner that the source loading aids (2) and destination loading aids (6) required for processing a picking order are brought together before the picking operation in the picking station (5) onto a common picking conveyor (25) of the first conveyor system (18) passing through a working area (30) for the order picker, and are presented to the order picker arranged next to one another as a picking group on the picking conveyor (25).


There were many weaknesses found when using traditional borrowing system in Kolej Tun Razak. Therefore, Sistem Peminjaman Peralatan is developed for solving the problem. The system can efficiently manage and maintaining the equipments and borrowing information. The prototype methodology is chosen for software design phase, Microsoft Access 2003 for the system database and Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 for the user interface. It is hoped that Sistem Peminjaman Peralatan will help staff in Kolej Tun Razak to manage borrowing information and fastening the borrowing process


In previous decades, it has been observed that many physical systems are well characterised by fractional order models. Hence, their identification is attracting more and more interest of the scientific community. However, they pose a more difficult identification problem, which requires not only the estimation of model coefficients but also the determination of fractional orders with the tedious calculation of fractional order derivatives. This study focuses on an identification scheme, in the time domain, of dynamic systems described by linear fractional order differential equations. The proposed identification method is based on the recursive least squares algorithm applied to an ARX structure derived from the linear fractional order differential equation using adjustable fractional order differentiators. The basic ideas and the derived formulations of the identification scheme are presented. Illustrative examples are presented to validate the proposed linear fractional order system identification approach.


The IMEMO forecast provides, as always, an invaluable Russian perspective on global affairs for Western scholars. Previous iterations have highlighted the clear and widening difference between mainstream Russian International Relations (IR) scholarship and comparable Western analysis of the same issues. One of the most useful aspects of the forecast and response hosted by New Perspectives is that it generates a scholarly and mutually respectful engagement with these differences in a way that rarely happens elsewhere and which has now been made still more difficult by the current pandemic. The current forecast is, inevitably, different from its predecessors because of the global health emergency. Yet what is striking here is not the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has overturned previous assumptions, but the extent to which it has not. The most acute challenges to security and to political and economic stability which are so clearly laid out in the forecast are not the traditional threats considered in realist scholarship, they are issues that realism has traditionally discounted. Nevertheless, the forecast holds tightly to the realist approach that has shaped its assessments in the past. This is profoundly problematic for the assessment of the world in the immediate and medium term because realism does not provide a framework for making sense of the problems now confronting individuals, communities and states.


The analysis in the preceding two chapters naturally leads one to ask: How do the women workers in the tea plantations react to their gender-specific deprivation both in their workplaces and in the household domains. The question is pertinent in view of the facts that the prevailing patterns of gender-relation and the resultant deprivation of women in their operational domains are, to a large extent, indicative of their own failure in upholding their rights as self-conscious human beings in society. The point probably calls for some elaboration.


With the increase of consumers' degree of demand and concern for mechatronic system, the consumers increase the requirements of the function characteristics and control innovation of mechatronic system, and the level of complexity is also increasing especially in control object, controlled object and context object (environment object). through the development of intelligent control and improvement of technology, to the operation of the complex diversity of modular design, can have efficient solutions for its control. There will be more effective solutions to control by modular design for complex operations with the improvement of intelligentization control and technology. Taking the field of smart home which is closely related to life experience as an example, it is easier for people to understand the development and application of intelligent management and modular design in mechatronic system.


Planar flow induced in a viscous fluid by a small cylinder oscillating in the direction normal to its axis is modeled theoretically and reproduced experimentally. In the model, a line force dipole (force doublet) was used as the source of motion. In an initially quiescent unbounded fluid this source produces zero net momentum and generates symmetrical quadrupolar flow consisting of two dipolar vorticity fronts propagating in opposite directions from the source. For starting flow at low Reynolds numbers, a second‐order unsteady solution is obtained in terms of a power series of the Reynolds number, Re=Q/4πν2, where Q is the forcing amplitude and ν is the kinematic viscosity. This solution demonstrates that, as time t→∞, the flow in the vicinity of the source becomes steady and radial. To describe this steady asymptote, the Jeffery–Hamel nonlinear solution for radial flow is used. A particular solution is derived using the nondimensional intensity Re of the force dipole as a governing parameter. It is shown...


This article examines how contemporary Cuban American artists have experimented with visual languages of trauma to construct an intergenerational memory about the losses of exile and migration. It considers the work of artist Alberto Rey, and his layering of individual loss onto other, traumatic episodes in the history of the Cuban diaspora. In the series Las Balsas (The Rafts, 1995–99), Rey explores the impact of the balsero (rafter) crisis of 1994 by transforming objects left behind by Cuban rafters on their sometimes ill-fated journeys to the United States into commemorative relics. By playing on a memory of absence and the misplacement of objects found along the migration route of the Florida Straits, Rey's visual language transmits the memory of grief across time, space and generational divides. Rey's visual strategies are part of an "extended memory" tied to the aesthetics of disappearance and remembrance in contemporary Cuban American art. His use of objects as powerful memory texts that serve to bring fragmented autobiographical, family and intergenerational testimonies of loss together suggests how visual artists can provide us with more collective, participatory and redemptive models of memory work.


To examine fear of falling and associated factors in a cohort of older adults with cataract, and investigate the interplay of vision and physical function with respect to fear of falling.


The concept of 2-normed spaces was initially developed by Gähler [6] in the mid of 1960's, while that of n-normed spaces one can see in Misiak [17]. Since then, many others have studied this concept and obtained various results, see Gunawan ([7], [8]) and Gunawan and Mashadi [9] and many others. Let n ∈ N and X be a linear space over the field K, where K is field of real or complex numbers of dimension d, where d ≥ n ≥ 2. A real valued function ||·, · · · , ·|| on X satisfying the following four conditions:


Starting from Head's semi-empirical method for incompressible flow, two approaches to the prediction of turbulent boundary-layer development in compressible flow are explored. The first uses Head's incompressible method in conjunction with a compressibility transformation similar to Stewartson's transformation for laminar flow; the second carries over Head's physical arguments to treat the compressible flow directly. Measurements in supersonic flow, both on flat plates and downstream of an abrupt pressure rise, show broad agreement with the predictions of the second method but do not support the compressibility transformation. In particular, measurements on flat plates reveal that as Mach number increases the entrainment rate decreases to a lesser extent than the skin-friction coefficient. Whilst this result is consistent with the second treatment in this paper, it is difficult to reconcile with any of the compressibility transformations discussed, and the validity of these transformations in turbulent flow is therefore questioned.


This article analyzes the class system in Sam Shepard's Curse of the Starving Class. Class system is scrutinized in terms of the capitalist and proletariat forces in the play. The core argumentative theme emphasises the degenerating labour opportunities in the socio-economic life of American individuals. In essence, the study mainly focuses on the achievement of economic welfare in a poor-economic society. The loss of economic welfare is not sufficiently obtained by the main characters, especially Wesley and Ella who long for economic prosperity and stable social life. These characters do not achieve their aspiration and do not make progressive economic labour. Therefore, the study accentuates the way in which these characters lose their work opportunities. The analysis of this economic loss is done by applying two Marxist concepts, namely, commodity fetishism, and the objective reality of economic societies. Together, these concepts uncover the class struggle in Curse of the Starving Class.


Based on a finite element analysis software ANSYS,the finite element model for the ship lock's horizontal pull gate of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is established.By using this model,the distribution regularities of stresse and deformation under various operating conditions are analyzed,and the strength and rigidity of the gate are checked too.The results indicate that the structure of the ship lock's horizontal pull gate could meet the design requirements.The study results are valuable for the design of similar gate structures.


Editor, P remacular haemorrhage is a complication that usually occurs in vascular disorders such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, branch retinal vein occlusion and retinal macroaneurysm. It may also occur in valsalva retinopathy and in association with haematological disorders (Spraul & Grossniklaus 1997). It is a cause of abrupt and severe loss of vision. Major conventional treatment options are observation (to allow spontaneous clearance) and vitrectomy. Because the spontenous reabsorption rate is so slow, the toxicity potential of blood may cause macular damage. Non-invasive Nd:YAG laser and argon laser membranectomy choices have been proposed as alternatives to the options described previously for the treatment of premacular haemorrhage (Kaynak et al. 1994; Khairallah et al. 1999; Puthalath et al. 2003; Krohn & Bjune 2004; Venkatesh et al. 2007). In these methods, premacular haemorrhage is drained into the vitreous via the established hole in the internal limiting membrane. The macula is thereby spared from the toxic potential of blood and visual acuity improves within a short time. However, some believe that the Nd:YAG laser is difficult to use, and argon laser energy may be more likely to be absorbed by the ocular media (Khairallah et al. 1999). Moreover, complications related to the Nd:YAG laser in treating premacular subhyaloid haemorrhage have been reported (Ulbig et al. 1998). To our knowledge, there have been no reports of using the argon green laser–Nd:YAG laser combination for the disruption of the internal limiting membrane or posterior hylaloid to establish a membranotomy. In this article, we present two patients with premacular haemorrhage who were treated with this combination treatment method. Case report 1: A 34-year-old woman presented with sudden blurred vision in the right eye that occurred 2 days before examination. The patient described light exercise (badminton) with children. Ophthalmological examination revealed visual acuity to be light perception and projection in the right eye and 20 ⁄20 in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a normal anterior segment in each eye. Intraocular pressure was 16 mm Hg bilaterally. Fundoscopy of the right eye revealed a round, well circumscribed, partially dark red haemorrhage with a convex surface covering the macula and posterior pole (Fig. 1A). There was a fluid level in the upper part of the haemorrhage. Fundoscopy was completely normal in the left eye. We consulted the patient in the haematology clinic but physical examination and laboratory investigations – including complete blood counts, bleeding and clotting times, peripheral smear and platelet count – were normal. The anterior surface of the haematoma was opened with Nd:YAG laser following argon green laser application. Five spots of argon green laser were performed at the inferior margin of the haematoma's anterior surface with a spot size of 100 lm, exposure duration of 0.1 seconds and power of 200 mW. After that a defect at posterior hyaloid membrane and internal limiting membrane could be created after the third spot of Nd:YAG laser with 3.9 mJ energy. Blood sequesturated under the posterior hyaloid membrane immediately diffuse to the posterior vitreous; the visual acuity of the patient improved to finger counting at 2 m just after treatment and to 10 ⁄200 on the first post-treatment day. At the third month of treatment, the visual acuity of the patient improved to 20 ⁄20, biomicroscopic examination was bilaterally normal and intraocular pressure measurements were 16 mmHg bilaterally. At fundoscopy, preretinal haemorrhage obscuring the macula had cleared completely but there was slight turbidity of retina secondary to vitreal dissemination of the haemorrhage (Fig. 1B). Case report 2: A 20-year-old male patient was hospitalized by the haematology department for recurrent upper gastrointestinal system haemorrhages. Several investigations documented the presence of amegakaryocytic aplastic anaemia. During the treatment phase, the patient noticed severe visual loss in his right eye; he consulted to our clinic on the fourth day of the complaint. At ophthalmological examination, visual acuity was finger counting at 2 m in the right eye and 20 ⁄ 25 in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed normal anterior segment in each eye. Intraocular pressure was 15 mmHg bilaterally. At fundus examination, a round dark red haemorrhage of disc size covering the right macula and intraretinal haemorrhages temporal to the optic disc were noted. Also in left eye, there were intraretinal haemorrhages close to the macula and optic disc. Five spots of argon green laser were created at the inferior margin of the haematoma's anterior surface with a (A)


Background—The extent to which genes modify the relationship between risk factors for hypertension and blood pressure (BP) is unclear. As angiotensinogen is expressed in adipose tissue and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene promoter variants influence the production of angiotensinogen, we evaluated the role of AGT gene variants as potential modifiers of body size–BP relations. Methods and Results—Five hundred twenty-one hypertensives of African origin sampled from a group with a high mean body mass index (BMI) had 24-hour ambulatory BP (ABP) measurements determined off therapy and were genotyped for the AGT –6G→A, –532C→T, –20A→C, and 704T→C (M235T) gene variants. Genotypes were also determined in 547 control subjects of African origin who had a normal clinic BP. The –6A and –532C alleles were concordant with the M235T variant. Although AGT gene variants had no independent effects on either the presence of hypertension or ABP values in hypertensives, the –20A→C polymorphism had a marked influence on the relation between ambulatory systolic BP and BMI. This relation was present in patients homozygous for the –20A allele (n=399, r =0.23, P <0.0001), but absent in those with at least one copy of the –20C allele (n=122, r =0.01, P =0.89). The M235T polymorphism did not impact on the BMI-BP relation. Specificity of the –20A→C polymorphism effect on the BMI-BP relation is further indicated by the lack of effect on the systolic BP–age relation. Conclusion—An AGT gene promoter region variant is an important modifier of the relation between body size and BP. Hence, these data corroborate the notion that genetic modifiers can produce a profound impact on BP-phenotypic relations.


This thesis is concerned with the dialogue unity of the contradiction between survive and development.survive and development are indivisible since survive is developing and continues through development whereas development is surviving and arises out of survive.Though surely there still appears grave otherness between them in macrocosmic and microcosmic perspectives,generally,survive is the base of development whereas development is the way and means of survive.In view of the theory of cost,current development of human being is in fact facing with a crisis of survive.So we ought to choose a low-cost development mode which is more high-grade and more advanced.It is required of the low-cost development mode to restrain humankind from the action of seeking for current survive excessively.


The project that follows is intended to create a vision consisting of a cozy bioclimatic guesthouse in shores of Lake Doxa in Feneos (Corinth). Our primary purpose was to integrate the nature of our complex not only aesthetically and functionally to the visitor or resident but to broaden their cognitive horizons and to get them informed about the surroundings acting in areas that are environmentally friendly and are harmonized with this to the maximum level. This paper consists of seven chapters: The first chapter refers to the determination of the position of Feneos area and the historical area.
The second chapter refers to the climate of the area, the specific nature of the soil and the activities that take place there. The third chapter refers to the occupation of the inhabitants of the region improved facilities and the production of local products.
The fourth chapter refers to the flora and fauna of the area. The fifth chapter refers to the bioclimatic design with energy saving methods and applications in our project.
The sixth chapter refers to the sources of the inspiration for the construction of our buildings and the early stages of our work. The seventh chapter refers to the buildings that make up our project and the activities that take place in them.


With large-scale use of kinds of motors, oilfield drilling electrical system always accompanied by serious power quality problem, including reactive current, harmonics current and grid voltage distortion, which would greatly threaten the safety and proper working of the whole system. This paper focuses on a power quality improvement project to solve these problems. A hybrid compensating scheme, including an active compensator and a passive compensator, is carried out. Because of the specificity of oilfield drilling electrical system, compensators are redesigned against features of this application background. And then the current detection point arrangement of this hybrid system is also taken into consideration to build the whole system much more effective and reliable. Now the improvement project is already implemented in application field, and the power quality of the system is greatly improved.


Twenty years ago 60% of patients with menorrhagia who were referred to a gynaecologist had a hysterectomy as treatment.1 Endometrial ablation was firstdescribed in the United Kingdom in 1989 and is a viable surgical alternative to hysterectomy.2 The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena, Schering Health) is highly effective in reducing menstrual bleeding and has been shown to reduce the numbersof patients proceeding to hysterectomy.3 It would be expected therefore that the numbers of hysterectomies would be falling. Nearly half of women referredto secondary care with menorrhagia, however, express a preference for hysterectomy,4 and it should be recognised that hysterectomy remains an excellent treatment for menstrual problems and brings high levels of patient satisfaction. We aimed to observe trends in the number of hysterectomies performed for menorrhagia in England.

We examined NHS hospital episode statistics compiled from data submitted by over 300 NHS trusts in England for the years 1989-90 …


A two-step process for the removal of phenol and benzenediols, namely catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone, from buffered synthetic wastewater was investigated. The proposed process comprised laccase catalyzed conversion of these substrates using laccase from Trametes villosa followed by the removal of products generated using alum as coagulant. The effects of pH, laccase concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of a hydrophilic polymer additive [polyethylene glycol (PEG)] to achieve ⩾95% removal of the substrate in a 3-h reaction period at room temperature were determined. The parent compound, phenol, required the most enzyme, followed by resorcinol, catechol, and hydroquinone. PEG showed no effect on any of the substrate conversions. Substrate conversion and enzyme inactivation were monitored over the reaction period. As phenol and benzenediols might coexist in industrial effluents, enzymatic treatment of an equimolar mixture of these four substrates was examined. Except for hydroquino...


Abstract The aim was to explore informal carers' perceptions of supporting the everyday life of a relative who has a psychiatric disability and resides in supported housing (SH). A qualitative study based on interviews with 12 informal carers was performed, and the data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The theme "Navigating in a misty landscape when striving to support a relative with a psychiatric disability" was identified, encompassing four categories pertaining to residents' needs, collaboration, environmental issues and the carer's situation. SH services can be enhanced by addressing informal carers' experiences and developing greater collaboration involving informal carers, residents and staff.


Objective: In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin added to standard of care significantly reduced 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death (composite) in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. We investigated the effect of age on reduction in hospitalization for heart failure and heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death with empagliflozin. Design and Method: Patients in EMPA-REG OUTCOME were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg or placebo. We analyzed hospitalization for heart failure and heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death in the pooled empagliflozin group versus placebo in subgroups by baseline age (<65, 65 to <75, ≥75 years). Results: A total of 7,020 patients were treated. Median observation time was 3.1 years. Mean (SD) age at baseline was 63.2 (8.8) years in the placebo group and 63.1 (8.6) years in the empagliflozin group. Reductions in hospitalization for heart failure and the composite of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death with empagliflozin vs placebo were consistent across age categories (Figure). Across age subgroups, reported adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of empagliflozin. Conclusions: Empagliflozin, added to standard of care, reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk irrespective of age.


Li{sub 2}CoTi{sub 3}O{sub 8} has an ordered Li{sub 2}BB'{sub 3}O{sub 8} spinel structure, space group P4{sub 3}32, at room temperature with 3:1 ordering of Ti and Li on the octahedral sites, and Li, Co disordered over the tetrahedral site. Rietveld refinement of variable temperature neutron powder diffraction data has shown an order-disorder phase transition in Li{sub 2}CoTi{sub 3}O{sub 8} which commences at {approx}500 deg. C with Li and Co mixing on the tetrahedral and 4-fold octahedral sites and is complete at a first order structural discontinuity at {approx}915 deg. C. The fraction of Ti on the 12-fold octahedral site exhibits a small decrease with increasing temperature, which may suggest that the disordering involves all three cations. Above 930 deg. C, the structure, space group Fd3-barm, has Li, Co and Ti sharing a single-octahedral site and Li, Co sharing a tetrahedral site, although Co still exhibits a preference for tetrahedral coordination. A labelling scheme for ordered and partially ordered 3:1 spinels is devised which focuses on the occupancy of the Li,B cations. - Graphical abstract: Rietveld refinement of variable temperature neutron powder diffraction data shows an order-disorder phase transition in Li{sub 2}CoTi{sub 3}O{sub 8} commencing at {approx}500 deg. C with Li,Comore » mixing on tetrahedral and octahedral sites. This becomes complete at a first-order structural discontinuity at {approx}915 deg. C. Above 930 deg. C, the structure, space group Fd3-barm, has Li, Co and Ti sharing a single-octahedral site and Li, Co sharing a tetrahedral site.« less