Present paper deals with the effect of chitosan at different concentration on seed germination of okra. It was revealed that chitosan at 0.03%, 0.12%,0.3% and 0.6% concentration induced seed germination in okra while at 0,03% there was maximum seed germination percentage as compare to other treatments. 1 Department of Botany, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad- 431 004 (MS), India; 2 Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad- 431 004 (MS), India; 3 Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune -411 007 (MS), India. * Corresponding Author, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Please Cite This Article As : Sandhya Jaybhay, Asha Chate and Avinash B. Ade. 2010. Effect of Chitosan on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Seed Germination. J. Exp. Sci. 1(2): 27.


The COVID‐19 pandemic forced healthcare systems to apply new technology‐based solutions. The main objective of our study was to describe the conceptual model for rapid implementation of telepharmacy service and the main steps that should be considered.


A model for studying the movement of avalanche-hazardous snow masses based on the method of smoothed particles is presented. This approach has been shown to be most appropriate in modelling environments prone to fragmentation. The impact of the snow avalanche on vehicles and the dependence of the affecting factors on the thickness of the snow cover and the terrain have been investigated. It has been found that with snow cover thickness up to 0.5 m, avalanche does not lead to loss of vehicle controllability. The results of the modelling at a qualitative level coincide with the real effects of the avalanche on the vehicle, which confirms the adequacy of the model developed.


ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, Zoombombing emerged as a new form of online disruption/harassment characterized by unintended and unsolicited virtual visits by both strangers and known individuals via Zoom. The current study utilizes a grounded theory-based qualitative analysis of over 1,000 posts on Reddit to explore discussions around Zoombombing victimization incidents. This paper reveals how Zoombombing victimization subreddits function as communities for sharing victimization stories, user perceptions, and support while further developing a space that promotes informal justice online. The implications include an enhanced understanding of how Zoombombing occurs and the role of online forums and cyberpolicing tools in preventing and discussing victimization.


The paper presents the results o f visualisation o f digital terrain model and orthophoto in 3D graphics using the OpenGL language and its Internet version VRML. This languages give the possibility to navigate above the terrain in real time and enable views from different positions and in different scales. It is quick way o f a DTM quality checking and new look at maps as real 3D images. There is also shown that this techniques are important in tourist information and simulation o f some terrain events.


Greening waste presents considerable reuse potential owing to its simple organic composition. For greening waste, being simply regarded as ordinary garbage cannot adapt to the requirements of sustainable and harmless development. Resource reusing process is an inevitable trend. Utilization of urban landscape greening waste is of great significance for improving the ecological environment in urban and rural areas, building a harmonious city, increasing employment, and enhancing economic efficiency. This will be a far-reaching impact on China's economic and social sustainable development. In this work, eight typical landscape plants were selected as raw materials using the batch reactor. The concept of stepwise hydrothermal conversion and a real model with xylose, cellulose acetate (CA), and aromatic aldehyde as the target products were thereby constructed. In the third step of the stepwise conversion, the effect of reaction temperature and time in the oxidative degradation of cellulose acetate solid residues in NaOH solution to produce aromatic aldehyde was investigated. The optimum conditions were obtained as 175 ℃ and 90 min. The yield of aromatic aldehydes in all 16 branches and leaves of cellulose acetate all reached about 20% under the optimal conditions.


One-electron redox potentials have been measured for three (RSSR)+˙/RSSR couples by reference to (SCN)2–˙/2 SCN– and/or I2–˙/2 I– in pulse radiolysis experiments: E°(CH3SSCH3+˙/CH3SSCH3)+(1.391 ± 0.003) V; E°[lip(SS)COOH+˙/lip(SS)COOH]+(1.13 ± 0.01) V; and E°[lip(SS)COO–+˙/lip(SS)COO–]+(1.10 ± 0.01) V [lip(SS)= lipoic acid]. The paper also includes equilibrium constants for the underlying RSSR + X2–˙⇄ RSSR+˙+ 2 X– equilibria (X = SCN or I), and rate constants for the respective back and/or forward reactions. The results are discussed in the light of structural considerations and in relation to other redox couples involving sulphur-centred radical species.


We compare the constraints from two (2019 and 2021) compilations of H ii starburst galaxy (H iiG) data and test the model-independence of quasar angular size (QSO) data using six spatially flat and non-flat cosmological models. We find that the new 2021 compilation of H iiG data generally provides tighter constraints and prefers lower values of cosmological parameters than those from the 2019 H iiG data. QSO data by themselves give relatively model-independent constraints on the characteristic linear size, lm, of the QSOs within the sample. We also use Hubble parameter (H(z)), baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), Pantheon Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) apparent magnitude (SN-Pantheon), and DES-3yr binned SN Ia apparent magnitude (SN-DES) measurements to perform joint analyses with H iiG and QSO angular size data, since their constraints are not mutually inconsistent within the six cosmological models we study. A joint analysis of H(z), BAO, SN-Pantheon, SN-DES, QSO, and the newest compilation of H iiG data provides almost model-independent summary estimates of the Hubble constant, H0 = 69.7± 1.2 km s−1 Mpc−1, the non-relativistic matter density parameter, Ωm0 = 0.293± 0.021, and lm = 10.93± 0.25 pc.


Abstract : Current information systems are difficult to change to produce information that is tailored to the specific needs and context of end users. The information they produce is static, and application reengineering can be complex, costly and time consuming, potentially leading to system downtime. In addition, multiple information systems and sources can produce duplicate or inconsistent information that requires significant human effort to correlate, integrate and understand. The Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) is defined as a combat information management system that provides individual users with the specific information required for their functional responsibilities and provides uniform rules for publishing new and updated objects into the JBI and promptly alerts any JBI clients that have subscribed to such objects. The transform core service of the JBI enhances the value of information disseminated by the JBI through information manipulation mechanisms (fuselets) that tailor the information space to the specific needs of the warfighter and mission. This paper describes the results of an experiment that was designed to measure the validity and value of the JBI fuselet concept within the context an Air Operations Center (AOC) and a dynamic collaborative mission replanning scenario.


Three case reports of falciparum malaria not responding to standard chloroquine therapy and necessitating the use of alternative antimalarial drugs for clinical improvement, are documented. In vitro drug sensitivity tests and chloroquine assays were not carried out to conclusively exclude drug failure. However, the clinical course and the persistence of parasitaemia on thick blood film monitoring were suggestive of high grade chloroquine resistance. Such patients require clinical vigilance and the timely use of alternative antimalarials. When rapid clearance of parasitaemia is required quinine is the drug of choice. In malarial chemotherapy it is mandatory that strict therapeutic criteria be followed, to safeguard the efficacy of chloroquine as well as to prevent abuse of alternative drugs. In this context, the availability of thick blood films and in vitro drug sensitivity testing facilities in hospitals would be useful to clinicians.


Management case teaching,generally means to teach with real organizational specific facts as background and discuss interactively between students and teachers which aims at finding potential problems the organization of and proposing some solutions.According to the theory of education,management ability can not be taught through a step-by step procedures and must be promptly summed by pressing in a real high level of training and practical lessons to get.Based on this understanding,practice-oriented teaching case has become one of the important methods of U.S.military officer management capacity-building system.It is worth noting that the U.S.military academies do not deem case teaching just as a teaching method,but rather focus extensively on the latest achievements of the educational theory as theoretical guide,and make its integration into the overall instructional design.Specifically,the U.S.military academies have made their progress of management case teaching in mainly three areas as follows: First,they have built up its theoretical basis of the case teaching from the knowledge classification theories;Second,they have developed a case teaching model of experiential learning;Third,they have actively explored new case teaching method of After-Action Review(AAR).This article aims to systematically probe into the U.S.experience for reference.


ABSTRACT In this paper we use Alvesson and Sandberg's strategy of problematisation to analyse the assumptions embedded in the development and use of the concept of 'care-giver burden'. We do this in order to develop an explanation as to why decades of research into the experience of providing home-based care to a family member with dementia has had little effect in relieving or reducing the 'burden' of that care. Though some part of this is undoubtedly political, our analysis suggests that key assumptions of the research limit both knowledge development and intervention effectiveness. Especially problematic are first, an overriding focus on the isolated care-giver–recipient dyad as the appropriate object of inquiry and target of intervention, and second, an absence of an analysis of the materiality of care and care-giving practices. The heterogeneity of care situations, including interrelations among people, technologies, objects, spaces and other organisational worlds, appear in much of the research primarily as methodological problems, variables to be subdued through a more rigorous application of method. The high volume of research and acknowledged low impact of interventions, however, suggests that rethinking the nature of care practices, and how we come to know about them, is necessary if we are to develop and implement strategies that will contribute to better outcomes for people.


The focus of this work was to demonstrate how the retirement preparation program is an important tool that provides well-being for the employees of Fundacao Joao Pinheiro. To do this, we attempt to find public institutions with experience in retirement preparation programs, we also check the perception of the employees regarding retirement issues and what the human resources area has done for these employees who are about to retire. The goal was to verify the applicability and feasibility of implementing a retirement preparation program at Fundacao Joao Pinheiro. In general, it was verified that the presence of such a program assists the personal development, well-being and self-esteem of the employees and would contribute to the planning of the institution's workforce, more broadly reduces social costs, improves health physical, psychological and social development of the elderly. We conclude that it is important for the FJP to implement actions aimed at the preparation of pre-retirees, offering information and training in this moment of transition, in this way the employee feels more prepared to make the right choices and identify possible problems.


e17506Background: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are at risk for both lung metastases and secondary primary cancers of the lung. Given the histopathologic similarity between these two lesions, distinguishing metastasis from a second primary lung SCC is often based on clinical grounds. Resection of "oligometastatic" HNSCC lesions may be associated with favorable prognosis, although this remains controversial. We demonstrate the potential of a commercially available genomic platform to resolve this clinical dilemma. Methods: A 64-year-old 20 pack-year former smoking male with history of HPV-associated oropharyngeal (OP) cancer 4 years prior presented with an asymptomatic 4.5 cm right hilar mass on surveillance images. Following surgical resection, the patient was referred for adjuvant chemotherapy for pT2aN1 (stage IIB) presumed lung SCC. To settle concerns this was a late recurrence of HNSCC, the primary OP and resected lung tumors were subjected to histopathologic analysis, p1...


In Kruger NO v Goss & another 2010 (2) SA 507 (SCA) (Kruger) the Supreme Court of Appeal delivered judgment on whether an order for maintenance made in terms of s 7(2) of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 can be enforced against the deceased estate of the spouse who was ordered to pay maintenance (ie the maintenance debtor). Section 7(2) expressly deals with termination of the maintenance obligation by the death of the maintenance recipient, but is silent on the effect of the death of the maintenance debtor.


Efficient and reliable available bandwidth measurement remains an important goal for many applications. Recently a new class of active probing techniques has emerged which has clear advantages over earlier approaches, prominent members being pathload and pathChirp. They are based on observing an increased separation of probe packets due to local saturation of the queue at the narrow link, and do not require the knowledge of link capacities along the path. Each can deliver reasonable estimates of (average) available bandwidth, but has important drawbacks. Despite the shared general principle, there are many dimensions involved to fully define a given method in the class. We clearly delineate these, and point out unexplored regions of the 'method design space', and their importance. From these we define a configurable meta-tool, 'PathSensor', which supports methods within a promising new region, and whose modular structure allows different specific methods to be conveniently explored, and sensibly compared. We provide a compact simulation environment, PSIM, suitable for the analysis of a wide variety of active probing methods, and a realistic cross traffic generator. A specific method within PathSensor is selected and PSIM used to explore its performance. Comparisons are made against pathload and pathchirp under a variety of cross traffic scenarios. Further comparisons are made using controlled non-stationary cross traffic in a network testbed. We show that PathSensor can exploit the low invasiveness of pathchirp with greater robustness and simplicity. Numerous directions for enhanced estimation accuracy are given.


Current faunistic character, standing crop (density and biomass) and distribution on zooplankton in the water along Yinluan Project (The project of leading Luan River to Tianjin are investigated and studied. A biodiversity index analysis is performed. Based on the present study and referring to the historic investigated data and the information from the studies on allied domestic water bodies, an ecological and environmental status of the investigated area is assessed and evaluated. The research result suggests that the water quality of the area can be delimited to mesotrophic to eutrophic type. An aggravated eutrophication tendency is obvious.$$$$


The computer gaming industry is large and growing rapidly. Consumers demand realistic motion in computer games. Consequently, the ability to realistically simulate motion is vital in computer games development. Currently, most simulation of motion is done through the use of a physics engine which essentially involves numerically solution of the set of differential equations which describe the corresponding physics situation in the real world. This paper proposes an alternative strategy using a multilayer perceptron to generate these simulations. Benchmarking against traditional physics engines shows that there are considerable advantages to the new


Abstract For any ordinal Λ, we can define a polymodal logic GLPΛ, with a modality [ξ] for each ξ < Λ. These represent provability predicates of increasing strength. Although GLPΛ has no Kripke models, Ignatiev showed that indeed one can construct a Kripke model of the variable-free fragment with natural number modalities, denoted . Later, Icard defined a topological model for which is very closely related to Ignatiev's. In this paper we show how to extend these constructions for arbitrary Λ. More generally, for each Θ, Λ we build a Kripke model and a topological model , and show that is sound for both of these structures, as well as complete, provided Θ is large enough.


The statistical analysis of the recommendations provided in the "Ready to Labor and Defense" complex shows that they do not precisely display the admissible rated volume of physical activity which school students of this age can master. A number of teachers of physical culture consider that it is necessary to increase considerably the total motor volume of daily and week activity of children, raising the level of requirements to parameters of the motor mode fixed at the legislative level in the "Ready to Labor and Defense" complex in the form of sanitarily reasonable norms. The conducted research allows us to look in a new way at scientific and methodical recommendations to the organization of physical activity and creation of the motor regime for the pupils aged 11-13 years which are trained in the general education schools of the innovative type (on the example of school of "full day") preparing for delivery of norms of "Ready to Labor and Defense" complex of the III-IV step.


At present,the division of judgment of international track and field competition is more reasonable,the schedule is tighter,the judgment is fairer,more automatic and entertaining. In China,it is necessary to train people who are good at judgment and English and competent for the track and field judgment of the 2008 Olympic Games.


Production of negative hydrogen ions (H−) is continuously controlled in a low‐pressure Ar discharge plasma with methane by using a pin‐hollow cathode. The electron temperature is changed by varying the pin length. An enhanced production of negative hydrogen ions is observed with a decrease in the electron temperature.


Abstract The aim of this international study was to generate recommendations for curriculum improvement in family–school partnerships (FSP) by examining teacher candidates' understandings, attitudes and experiences. A survey of 1144 candidates in their first or final year of preparation at three universities, one each in Belgium, the Netherlands and the USA, provided qualitative and quantitative data regarding their understandings, attitudes about FSP and their experiences in their teacher preparation. The data indicated modest approval of the value of partnerships, understandings of partnerships weighted towards teacher to parent communication, preference for traditional teacher–parent activities over non-traditional choices, and, among final year candidates, mildly positive feelings of preparedness. Candidates wished more interactions with parents during field experiences and practical strategies for communicating with parents. Inferred in their responses was the need for curriculum to develop an expanded view of partnerships, enhance attitudes, especially among secondary education candidates, and cultivate skills in working with families from culturally diverse backgrounds. However, few candidates expressed a desire for exploring theory and research on partnerships or for the opportunity to develop a personal philosophy, components which are thought critical for teachers' ability to establish partnerships with parents.


Network reference service represents the developing orientation of lib rary reference work. The paper analyzes status quo and existing problems of curr ent network reference services, and points out the trends in the future.


By comparing CRT with FPD on technology, cost and performance, this article illuminates that the new technology of CRT is still on developing. It has a vast latent worldwide market as the unbalanced development of the world economy. For the special situation of China, we should enhance the research and development ability of enterprises, reduce the gap with advanced countries, and even to exceed them.


(57) Abstract: In human or veterinary or agricultural animals, methods and compositions useful for inducing cytotoxic T- lymphocyte response (CTL). The method includes providing a antigen CTL response is desired, and stabilizing surfactant, which comprises micelle-forming substances, and oil two or more of, consisting, or substantially consisting in, it includes the step of providing an antigen formulation. This antigen formulation has no immunostimulatory peptide component, or such ingredients, so as not to reduce the desired CTL response, preferably a sufficiently low level. This formulation is preferably provided as a stable oil-in-water emulsion.


The Implementation Policy Rural Number 6 year 2014 and Implementattion Regulatiion Rural Number 43 Year 2014 is reform to Govermental Regulation Rural Number 72 year 2005. In the implementatioin is needs of policy operational regulation and local regulation that Ministry of Home Affair, Governor and Regency. The Implementation Policy Rural Number 6 year 2014 and Implementation Regulation Rural Number 43 Year 2014 is have strategic policy and planning, socialization, empowering to aparatur of governmental hieracy and social institution in the regency, city, rural and urban in Indonesia. Manya scholars essential that the implementation of policy governmental is functional and principle a goverment is very strategic to support and accountability should be good governance. The data support the believe than objective should be regarding is lack preception, knowledge and orientation of aparatur and rural than Implementation Policy Rural.


As process technologies continue to scale, the effects of temperature can no longer be neglected. High on-chip temperature causes frequency degradation, increases wasteful leakage power, and lowers device reliability. Therefore, managing on-chip temperature becomes an important design undertaking. In this brief, the effects of temperature on very large-scale integration design are presented, and an analytical technique is introduced to systematically design and evaluate thermal control mechanisms, such as the dynamic clock throttling (DCT) and the dynamic frequency scaling (DFS). Using the energy-delay product (EDP) metric, the DFS is shown to outperform the DCT.


In this paper, a dynamic analysis of mass transfer in liquid desiccant dehumidifier is proposed. This analysis is performed via the calculated results from a model, which can presents dynamic properties of the system. Hybrid method is introduced to simplify the model and estimate the model parameters. Dynamic properties are preserved in the procedure of model simplification so as to completely describe the system properties. A time delay variable is added to compensate the slow response of the system. The dynamic analysis of mass transfer rate and outlet air humidity ratio condition is expatiated. This analysis is meaningful since it provides a numerical expression of the system under unstable working condition and the dynamic information obtained from this analysis is useful to the control strategy determination.


Clinical manifestations of the atherosclerotic process are leading causes of mortality, morbidity and disability in the adult population of the developed countries all over the world. Many years of research have established a clear relationship between the risk of cardiovascular disease and high cholesterol level. Numerous global epidemiological studies, such as, for example, the Framingham Heart Study [1] and INTERHEART [2], provided solid evidence confirming that statement. Moreover, randomized clinical trials of lipid-lowering interventions over the past 10-15 years demonstrate that greater cholesterol reduction is associated with a significant decrease in the risk of complications.


What is the meaning of hope in a period of history when things are getting worse?1 Allow me to begin with some theological definitions. The New Testament speaks of hope as a gift of God that enables us to rely on the divine promises, abandon all fear with regard to the future, and look forward to the good things that have been prepared for us. The eschato logical aspect of hope, refers to God's victory at the end of time, ushering in the new age. Yet the Christian tradition has never understood hope as ex hausted by its eschatological reference: hope has always retained an earthly meaning. The earthly meaning of hope generates the confidence that, regardless of what the future might bring, God will be present in it. Hope does not assure us that justice and happiness shall reign in our society. We have no assurance that our deep desire to be healthy, strong and useful to the community will be fulfilled. What hope's earthly dimension does assure us is that our future will be blessed, and even if our wishes and expectations should be frustrated; God will open new doors for us and give us the strength to walk on unexpected paths. Hope is the divine remedy for depres sion. This earthly dimension of hope is quite different from the secular stance of optimism, which prompts people to overlook the destructive possibilities of the present and paint for themselves a rosy picture of the future. By contrast, Christian hope dares to confront the evidence of possible failure. Many are calling attention to the massive deterioration of the economic circumstances and the social conditions among the poor nations of the Third World and, on a different scale, also among the rich nations of the North. The globalization of competitive capitalism forces the governments in all part of the world to impose structural adjustment policies on their societies, pushing ever growing numbers of people into unemploy ment, poverty and, in the Third World, into hunger and misery. What then is the earthly meaning of hope in these situations when things are only getting worse?


Plug flow reactor vessel is a long narrow (typically a 2:1 ratio; 2 times as long as the width) insulated inside and heated tank made of reinforced concrete, steel or fiberglass with a gas tight seal cover to collect the biogas. These digesters operate at a mesophilic or thermophilic temperature range. Retention time is usually ranges between 15 to 20 days. Fiber Glass is the material used for construction of the digester tank. The methanogens (methane producing micro-organisms) can digest sugar, starch, fats, cellulose and proteins etc. Their digestive mechanism is similar to that of many other organisms, up to the point of converting the food into acetic acid. Methanogens convert acetic acid into methane and carbon dioxide. (CH3COOH = CH4+CO2). They work optimally at the temperature of 38°C and a pH value of 7. At this temperature and pH, they can convert food waste into biogas within a cycle of about 24 hours.1 kg (dry weight) of food waste yields about 1 kg (about 800 litres) of biogas. To get the same quantity of biogas from dung, one needs about 40 kg dung, and a fermentation period of about 20 days. The calorific value of biogas will be about 4000 kCal per kg. The waste material to be fed into a biogas plant should contain only biodegradable organic material. Other organic products like plastic, rubber, petroleum, hooves or wood cannot be digested by the methanogens. Introduction of any toxic or bactericidal material into the biogas plant would kill the methanogens and the system would stop producing methane. Increase in the population density of non-methanogenic organisms causes reduction in that of the methanogens, inhibiting the formation of methane.


You can't manage what you don't measure is wisdom that attributed to Edwards Deming and Peter Drucker (McAfee & Brynjolfsson, 2012). This wisdom is the main background of this research. Many student's books in higher education explain the importance aspect of information but there is no universal understanding about how could we value the information. Many research conducted to define the indicators of information quality but, there are many varieties in the results. This paper is aimed to study the previous research in information quality and draw the conclusion in information characteristics. The first step in this research is collecting literatures in information quality and identified each indicator in the researches that examine information quality. After indicators identification, we categorized the indicators into few categories. For each category, we analyzed the frequency of each indicators used in research and the country of the authors. From the result, we identified, what quality of information that is the most important and the least important. The value of information will support the decision makers in assigning their resource by considering cost vs benefit. Keywords: information quality, accuracy, timeliness, completeness, relevancy, accessibility


The dynamic stiffness matrix of a gradient elastic flexural BernoulliEuler beam finite element is analytically constructed with the aid of the basic and governing equations of motion in the frequency domain. The flexural element has one node at every end with three degrees of freedom per node, i.e., the displacement, the slope and the curvature. Use of this dynamic stiffness matrix for a plane system of beams enables one through a finite element analysis to determine its dynamic response to harmonically varying with time external load or the natural frequencies and modal shapes of that system. The response to transient loading is obtained with the aid of Laplace transform with respect to time and the numerical inversion of the transformed solution. Because the exact solution of the governing equation of motion in the frequency domain is used as the displacement function, the resulting dynamic stiffness matrices and the obtained structural responses or natural frequencies and modal shapes are also exact. Two examples are presented to illustrate the method.


Method will be described to produce a cathode material for a high energy density, rechargeable lithium-ion battery based on the H Battery is an anode, the electrolytic layer, comprising a stack consisting of a separator and a cathode, the material by the aluminum hydroxide coating accomplished in one pot multi-step reaction using the amount of aluminum that contain between 0.5 wt% and 10 wt% the modified carbon black is based on a mixture of


In the last two decades there has been a striking rise in the political consciousness of the Hazaras of Afghanistan.1 This has been manifest notably in the writings of Muhammad Isah Gharjistani and the preachings of Abdul Ali Mazari. It is also evident in the writings of histories and cultural reports of the Hazaras in English, notably Hassan Poladi and more recently S. A. Mousavi. It is further evident in the appearance of several nationalistic Hazara websites. What is striking about the websites is the pointed assertions of a Hazara ideology. In these sites the homeland of the Hazaras is now referred to as "Hazaristan" and in the latter weeks of 2001 they warned in "Declaration of a People," subsequently posted on the Wahdat web site, that the Hazaras could no longer be disregarded: "Hazaras will no longer sit idly by while our Afghan brothers decide what is best for them."2 But while there is a suggestion of a desire for independence, the explicit emphasis is to demand a stronger role in national politics. "Declaration of a People," issued by Hizb-i Wahdat before the Bonn meetings in November 2001, asserts that the Hazaras want a place at the table when the new country of Afghanistan is put together: "We have fought and will continue to fight for our rights as citizens of Afghanistan... . This road that we have traveled on and painted red with our blood for two centuries will not come to a dead end!!" A central theme is the sufferings of the Hazaras: "No one in Afghanistan in their sane mind can claim that we have not suffered. We are the hardest working citizens and, yet, the poorest."3 We might regard such statements as fabrications of a combative minority but in fact there is plenty of evidence that established political consciousness among the Hazaras has broadened and become more explicit and self-conscious. The main institution representing Hazara interests is Hizb-i Wahdat-i Islami (Party of Islamic Unity), but also there have long been several NGOs organized mainly


Tn clusters are usually connected into frameworks by sulfur bridges. A new type of T4 compounds in which the clusters are linked by both sulfur bridges and transition metal complexes are described.


The present invention provides a way to recover from errors that occur in the NAND flash memory block. The present invention for this purpose is stored in the comparison data and bad block when storage and the data of the memory block of the mobile is not an error in the error detection server generated communication terminal, as a comparative data, a bad block generated in the memory block of the mobile communication device Compare data detect an error bit, and by using this, to recover the 2-bit or more error occurs due to bad blocks. This efficiently without having to add an additional circuit or a program for the recovery of the error can be recovered in accordance with the error that occurred in the NAND flash memory block. NAND flash memory, and error recovery


Aim. This study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of OSR2, VAV3, and PPFIA3 hypermethylation in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Patients and Methods. By using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), we detected the methylation status in tissue and serum samples from 48 gastric cancer (GC) patients and 25 normal individuals. Results. We found that OSR2, VAV3, and PPFIA3 were methylated in 70.8% (34/48), 54.2% (26/48), and 60.4% (29/48) of GC tissue, respectively. On the contrary, those genes were barely methylated in their paired paracancerous histological normal tissues (PCHNTs) (all P values < 0.01). We next analyzed the methylated OSR2, VAV3, and PPFIA3 in serum DNA. Compared with 25 normal individuals, those three genes were significantly hypermethylated in GC patients serum samples (all P values < 0.01). Regarding their diagnostic value in serum samples, the combined sensitivity of at least one positive among the three markers in serum was 83.3%, with a specificity of 88%. Conclusion. Our test suggested that methylation of OSR2, VAV3, and PPFIA3 genes in serum sample may offer a good alternative in a simple, promising, and noninvasive detection of GC.


In this paper, we present a novel approach for medical content based image retrieval (searching for images which are pathologically similar to a given example) and demonstrate its performance on a dataset containing maxillofacial lesions. Recently, distributed databases at hospitals and CT scanning centers are related through Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). Hence, a content based image retrieval system is helpful for radiologists in medical diagnosis. In our proposed framework, a feature vector is extracted for each image and SIFT sparse codes are employed in this step. After feature extraction based on sparse coding and maximum pooling, we have utilized different similarity measures such as Euclidean norm, Manhattan distance and SVM classifier to choose most relevant images to the query image. We have evaluated our proposed framework on a dataset containing 2023 images belonging to 5 different categories: cleft, impaction, fracture, maxillary sinus cyst and healthy. Classification rate of 97.3% and precision versus recall curve indicate the effectiveness of sparse coding in content-based medical image retrieval.


The dynamic response of distribution network is becoming more and more complicated, as the rapid development of renewable energy. Wide Area Measurement System light (WAMS Light) can monitor the distribution network synchronously. The communication of real-time and high-speed data has been put on the research agenda. Firstly, analyzes the existing communication network of distribution network, and proposes to use Long Term Evolution (LTE, 4G) for WAMS Light. Secondly, discusses the IEC 60870-5-101 and the IEEE C37.118.2 protocol, and puts forward suggestions for the WAMS Light protocol. Thirdly, studies the communication security, and suggests using DES and RSA algorithm based on Key Distribution Center (KDC) in WAMS Light. Finally, the main station has received the PMU Light data smoothly through a platform containing PMUs Light and simulated PMUs Light. This means 4G, WAMS Light communication protocol, DES and RSA based KDC can be used in the communication of WAMS Light.


The dynamic model of side overturn was built when an agricultural tricycle spanned an obstacle.The phenomenon of vehicle rollover was analyzed by dynamics theory.Considering the influences of the springs and dampers,a six degrees of freedom dynamic equations of the tricycle was derived.A rigid rollover model of the vehicle was presented.The displacement responses of each freedom and mass center of the vehicle were obtained when single wheel spanned an obstacle.The critical conditions of the vehicle rollover were gotten by the analysis of the rigid rollover model.The effects of the location of mass center and wheelbase on the critical load of vehicle rollover were analyzed by the qualification.


Background and objective:  Although endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration can be helpful when combined with bronchoscopic procedures, endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration is not available as a conjunctive procedure with bronchoscopy at many institutions. This study evaluated the feasibility and the additional role of transoesophageal fine needle aspiration using a convex probe ultrasonic bronchoscope (EUS‐B‐FNA).


Abstract Approximately 5% of women who are victims of rape become pregnant, and approximately 32% of those women choose to raise their child. Many of the rapists are known to the victims and the victims who conceive often experience multiple rapes and pregnancies. Several states allow termination of parental rights of rapists but only after criminal convictions, which are nearly impossible to obtain. Without criminal convictions and termination of parental rights, family courts are ordering victim mothers to parent their children with their rapists. This article provides an overview of the state statutes regarding the termination of parental rights of rapists and the psychological and health impacts on the victims and their children. This article concludes discussing possible legislative remedies for victim mothers that will make the justice system process easier for and more accessible to these hidden families.


Dielectric performance of post‐consumer recycled HDPE blended with virgin HDPE was investigated to evaluate the possibility of using these materials for the insulation of electrical wires and cables. The presence of organic and inorganic impurities was investigated using thermal and chemical methods (TGA, DSC, and EDX). The characterization of impurities revealed different amount of inorganic impurities in recycled material that was depending on the execution of melt filtration by the recycler to prepare the recycled material. Higher values of both dielectric losses and dielectric constant were observed for post‐consumer recycled PE, with the dielectric loss of recycled material almost 17 times higher than the one of virgin PE at power frequency (60 Hz). The short‐term breakdown strength of post‐consumer recycled HDPE was observed to be slightly lower than that of virgin PE. The experimental result showed that blending the recycled stream with virgin materials was effective in order to enhance dielectric properties of recycled material. In this regards, dielectric losses decreased by almost 50% when 50% of virgin HDPE was added to the recycled material. In addition, breakdown strength was improved when virgin HDPE was added.


Special driving circuitry was designed and tested to increase the maximum pulsing rate of a Superior Electric Slo-Syn stepping motor. Theoretically, this circuitry should extend the maximum pulsing rate from 200 pps to 2000 pps by reducing the electrical lag due to the inductance of the motor winding. However, due to mutual coupling between the windings and the mechanical parameters of the motor, the maximum rate was limited to 450 pps. Included in this design were logic schemes for pulsing the motor continuously or in bursts and for reversing the motor. The experimental results consisted of oscillograms of the winding current and angular output. These traces demonstrated the effects of coupling and the mechanical parameters. Thesis Supervisor: George C. Newton, Jr. Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering


Cyanides are toxic to aquatic life, interfere with normal biological processes of natural purification in streams, present a hazard to agricultural uses of water, and are a menace to public water supplies and bathing. Cyanides exert a toxic action on living organisms, animals, and human beings by reducing or eliminating the utilization of oxygen in a manner similar to asphyxiation. The action at the toxic level is both rapid and fatal.


The utilization of Bacillus subtilis natto (B.natto) in fermentation was expected to increase the content of aglycone isoflavones which is beneficial for health. This study aimed to measure the isoflavone aglycone daidzein and genistein content in fermented black soybean varieties detam 2 using B. natto strain IFO 3335. HPLC analysis on aglycone showed that 100 g dry weight of defatted raw soybean sample contained 1.29 mg and 1.16 mg of genistein and daidzein respectively, while undefatted raw soybean sample contained 1.19 mg and 1.07 mg. After fermentation, both genistein and daidzein concentration increased up to 8 times as much as those in the raw soybean. After fermentation, genistein concentration was measured 10.43 mg (defatted) and 9.43 mg (undefatted) one while daidzein concentration was 9.60 mg (deffated) and 8.68 mg (undefatted) one. Thus, fermentation using Bacillus subtilis natto was proven to improve the content of genistein and daidzein in black soybean varieties detam 2.


The series of 460~494 nm visible fluorescence of Yb:YAG crystal were excited by a semiconductor InGaAs laser.The cause of visible fluorescence were analyzed.The mechanism of visible fluorescent is different to infrared fluorescent,it is cooperative absorption and emission of ion pairs.The emission intensities change with excitation power square.By increasing the density of ion pairs in the crystal.More strong visible fluorescence can obtained.


The main objective of this study is to assess the security measures on digital banking as a basis for improving services. The researcher used a descriptive method of research, employed with the used of a standard questionnaire. Descriptive research design involves gathering data that seeks to describe events and then organizing, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data collection in a systematic manner. (Glass, G. V., & Hopkins, K. D. 1984) The survey questionnaire is divided into two parts: the demographic profile of respondents and the list of questions that the researcher aims to know in order to collect valid and reliable data needed for the study. The second part was subdivided into 3 parts, which are Security Measures on Digital Banking, Common Digital Banking Issues and Problems Encountered by Respondents, and an open-ended question about Suggestions & other problems encountered. The security measures on digital banking in terms of trust and security trust and security, knowledge and awareness, ease of use, and usefulness are strongly agreed upon. However, it is necessary to improve the security measures with regard to accessing the apps using multiple devices, securing one time passwords, an easy withdrawal system, and clearing service requests.


Abstract Serial pulmonary function studies were performed during the convalescent stage on a patient who survived biopsy-provedPneumocystis cariniipneumonia. A lung biopsy specimen was obtained 5 m...


In the new economic situation of logistics and procurement, the relationship between suppliers and manufacturers still exists crisis, even fight ceaselessly. This research devotes to solve this question effectively. On the basis of reading a large number of related literatures, this article mainly adopted literature research methodology to propose its own system frame, which means by deeply analyzing the relational crisis between suppliers and manufacturers, it proposes a feasible solution of this issue. It hopes to form a joint decision-making system on the basis of incentive mechanism and on the premise of bilateral information-sharing and knowledge-sharing, therefore it can optimize the overall interests and realize the fundamental shift in relations between the two parties.


Despite the large amount of study on the nature of anaphylatoxin and of the mechanism of its formation, little if any attempt has been made to isolate the toxic principle on one or the other of the protein fractions of the serum. Various serum principles having physiologic activity, but of unknown chemical nature, have been isolated on the protein fractions of serum. The association of these active principles is often so close as to suggest that they may themselves be part of one of the serum proteins. Thus Alex. Schmidt,1 by diluting and passing COo through blood plasma precipitated a "fibrinoplastic" substance which was able to clot hydrocele fluid. Seng2 quantitatively isolated diphtheria antitoxin on the water-soluble globulin of immune serum. Fuld and Spiro3 found that the rennin-inhibiting activity of normal serum is associated with the water-soluble globulin, while the water-insoluble globulin on the other hand has a distinct milk coagulating action. Pick4 made an extensive study of the various immunity principles of serum and found antitoxins, lysins and agglutinins to be associated with one or the other globulin fractions. The work of


Name : Asma Hilyah Al-aulia Study Program: Major in Accounting (International Program) Title : The Contribution Analysis of Restaurant Tax towards Local Tax Revenues in Depok City This research aimed to know how big the contributions of restaurant tax during the last 5 years (2005-2009), the effectiveness of restaurants tax collection, and the effects or the impact of restaurant tax towards local tax revenues. Analysis used in this study is the contribution analysis, effectiveness analysis, and simple linear regression analysis. From the analysis is obtained results that the contribution of restaurants taxes in the Depok city to the local tax revenue ranged between 24% 69% and the biggest contribution came in November 2005. For the measurement of effectiveness, the restaurant tax collection has been effective with percentage that exceeds 80%. The effect of restaurant tax on local tax revenues is quite high at 68.2%, while the remaining 31.8% are explained by the other variables which are hotel tax, entertainment tax, advertisement tax, street lighting tax, and parking tax.


To solve the problems in the positioning and velocity tracking control of pipes' on-line selected-length cutting process,a control system based on ARM9 S3C2416 microprocessor with touch screen is developed,using the closed-loop servo based on adaptive fuzzy PID control algorithm,which realizes high-precision control of the pipes' selected-length cutting. The hardware,software design of the selected-length cutting control system,the servo system modeling and the application of adaptive fuzzy PID servo tracking technology in the system are discussed. Experiment has proved that the control system using touch screen can take the place of PLC,which operates stably and conveniently with high real-time performance. Using the adaptive fuzzy PID controller can significantly improve the dynamic response performance and the accuracy of the selected-length cutting,the control system has advantages of low costing,high reliability, having strong anti-interference ability,high control accuracy and robustness to meet the precision requirements of selected-length cutting.


The aim of this paper is to deduce oscillatory and asymptotic behaviour of delay differential equation Lnu(t)– P(t)u(τ(t))= 0 from the oscillation of a set of the first order delay differential equations with larger deviating argument of the form y′(t)+ qi(t) y(w(t)) = 0.


Fly ash is categorized as pollutant produced from coal combustion, where the waste produced is around 4% of the total coal usage. This will be extremely dangerous since this waste is produced continuously. Mount Sinabung, which is located in North Sumatera, Indonesia, has erupted since 2010 and released a lot of ash pollution. Sinabung and fly ash can cause environmental and health problems for the people who live near the area. In the other hand, limestone is one of the building materials that can be used for soil improvement. When limestone with clay minerals reacts, it forms a strong and hard gel namely calcium silicate which can coat and bind clay particles and close the pore pores, so that it can reduce the soil plasticity index. This research analyzes the optimum CBR value and the optimum mixture. Variation of the mixture used was 2% and 4% limestone with the addition of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 14% fly ash and 2% and 4% limestone with the addition of 2%, 4%, 6 %, 8%, 10%, 12% and 14% of Sinabung ash. The result shows that the mixture of limestone and Sinabung ash indicates the bigger value of CBR compared to the limestone and fly ash mixture. Furthermore, the largest CBR value was found in the mixture of 2% limestone and 8% Sinabung ash with 9.01%.


This paper illustrates the use of an integrated analysis of HRAM data and RADARSAT-1 images for detection and analysis of geologic structures in mature and frontier basins. The HRAM images provide detailed information on basement structures, weakly magnetic faults, and fracture systems in the sedimentary section, and other features that contain magnetic material anomalous to the surrounding rock units. The RADARSAT-1 images are used to constrain the analysis of the HRAM data, as well as to expand the interpretation into areas that are not covered by the HRAM surveys. A series of examples supported by surface and subsurface controls has been used here to illustrate our integrated approach to the analysis of these two reconnaissance exploration tools.


Having uniform channel spacing is very important for all optical communication networks. In spite of its importance designing optical de-multiplexer with uniform channel spacing seems to be very complicated. In this paper we proposed an all optical de-multiplexer with uniform channels spacing. Four high quality factor ring resonator were used for designing the desired structure. In the proposed structure the output channels are at 1555.2, 1556.2, 1557.2 and 1558.2 nm. The channel spacing for all of the adjacent channels are 1 nm. Also for the final structure the quality factor values vary from 7758 to 15,582.


Water logging land is one main kind of low productive soil in the middle and lower reaches area of Yangtze River and Yellow River and coastal areas in our country, and there is 24.4×106 hectares of flood soil and 7.67×106 hectares of soak soil in China. Water logging disaster reduce the production of crop by the harm of crop growth and development owing to too much soil moisture. For ages scientists conduct much study in this field. This text overviewed a portion of work of predecessors, mainly in the influence of water logging on the growth, morphogenesis and physiological change of crop. The results showed that water logging affected the crop in many ways. It resulted in the reduction of crop yields not only owing to the harm of root system but also the stunting of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Water logging can cause different degree of harm to different kinds of crops or a plant in different period of duration. Maize is susceptible in seedling and rice is in boot stage. Generally water logging-tolerant crops or plants accommodate soil waterlogged stress by developing adventitious root or forming aerenchyma.


A precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter has been constructed in this laboratory. It can be used for measurements under isothermal jacket condition as well asunder adiabatic condition. The calorimeter has been calibrated with benzoic acid prepared and its heat of combustion under Standard bomb conditions determined electrically in this laboratory. Using this calorimeter, the heats of combustion ⊿E_C~O of p-chlorobenzoic acid, squalane and perchloro-m-dicyanobenzene were determined to be-3062.06±0.42,-19765.64±1.86 and-3436.72±2.21 kJ mol~(-1) respectively, the precisions of the results being given in s. d. m.. The enthalpies of formation of these compounds have been calculated to be-430.71±1.16, -861.97±5.89 and 189.57±4.59 kJ mol~(-1) respectively with uncertainties twice the final overall s. d. m.


To the Editor.— I was delighted to read in theArchivesthe article by Madison 1 on basal cell epitheliomas after repeated fluoroscopic examinations of the chest. In 1967, I had published an article on the same subject. I described three patients who had multiple basal cell carcinomas on the back and chest years after many roentgenographic and fluoroscopic examinations of the lungs had been performed in patients who had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. 2 Since the publication of my article, I have seen at least five such additional cases. The important finding is the occurrence of basal cell carcinomas after many diagnostic roentgenographic and fluoroscopic examinations despite the absence of clinical evidence of chronic radiodermatitis. Ulcerations of Lucio's phenomenon are seen here in nodular lepromatous leprosy.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to simulate two macrosegregation benchmarks with a newly developed stabilized finite element algorithm based on a semi-implicit pressure correction scheme.

Design/methodology/approach
A streamline-upwind/Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) stabilized finite element algorithm is developed for the coupled conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species. A semi-implicit pressure correction method combined with SUPG stabilization technique is proposed to solve the convection flow during solidification. An analytically derived enthalpy method is adopted to solve the energy conservation equation. The nonlinearities of the energy and species equations are tackled by Newton–Raphson method. Two macrosegregation benchmarks considering the solidification of an Al-4.5 per cent Cu alloy and a Sn-10 per cent Pb alloy are simulated.

Findings
A very good agreement is achieved by comparison with the classical finite volume method and a novel meshless method for the Al-4.5 per cent Cu alloy solidification benchmark. Moreover, a unique reference numerical solution has been obtained. Besides, it is demonstrated that the stabilized finite element algorithm can capture the flow instability and channel segregation during solidification of the Sn-10 per cent Pb alloy.

Originality/value
A semi-implicit pressure correction method combined with SUPG stabilization technique is adopted to develop robust stabilized finite element algorithm for the macrosegregation model. A new enthalpy formulation for heat transfer problems with phase change is derived analytically.


This article examines 6 issues related to the interaction between women and socioeconomic development: 1) sex differentials in mortality 2) womens work 3) discriminatory attitudes and values 4) access to services 5) discriminatory development policies and 6) population changes affecting women. In contrast to the situation in developed countries in many Third World countries women have a higher mortality rate than men especially in early childhood and during the reproductive period. Women work 30-50% more than men and it is their income that goes toward meeting the basic needs for childrens health and development. Discriminatory attitudes prevent womed from controlling their own fertility and womens rights and womens health receive little recognition in national decision making. Similarly availability and access to services related to womens health and fertility often rate a low priority within national health programs. Development policies have tended to either bypass women or exacerbate their situation. The transfer of technology has been directed toward men forcing women to assume an even greater share of the manula tasks. Migration also had health and fertility implications for women both when they have comprised the migrant population and when they have been left behind in the rural areas. More information and analysis of these issues is needed. Howeven it is clear that womens issues cannot be isolated from broader socioeconomic structures policies and programs. The status of both men and women must change if improvements in the areas of health population and development are to occur. The involvement of women is decision making and of men in fertility matters would be an important 1st step in this diretion.


The author introduces the main reasons for aiming his research at the development of isoki-netic, diagnostic and training equipment which should have its basic exploitation in armwres-tling. In the results he discusses what parts the equipment is composed of. He brings the information about what data from the IsoForce system can be obtained and what can be set up on the Tend Force Gauge microcomputer. Later he describes three modes of exercise in detail, their foundation in training process or in diagnosics. The author explains inevitable portable adjustable construction which allows the implementation of all needed movements for armwrestling and that it has to meet other different requirements. In the results he de-scribes all the advantages that TENDO IsoForce brings. He also informs about the tests that can be done within the diagnostics of strength abilities in armwrestling with the help of this equipment. In the end the author states that he sees the big potential in TENDO IsoForce for armwrestling purposes and informs about his plans for future as to the improvement of the equipment.


An enormous number of domination parameters have been defined and studied, because of their applications in various fields of science and engineering. From it, we have selected some variation of domination parameters and its generalized form for the study. We have presented a linear programming formulation with linear number of constraints for the selected parameters. MATLAB algorithmic code has been generated to find a minimum dominating set/function and the domination number of the selected parameters. The domination number and its computational time of five generalized domination parameters, [Formula: see text]-domination, [Formula: see text]-domination, efficient [Formula: see text]-domination, factor domination and [Formula: see text]-domination, have been studied under grid graphs and randomly generated graphs. The computational time for efficient [Formula: see text]-domination and [Formula: see text]-domination numbers is less than [Formula: see text] s, which shows the effectiveness of the formulation.


One hundred and fifty cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia seen from 1922 through 1960 were analyzed. The average age of the males was 56 years and of the females 58.4 years, giving a general age of 56.7 years. The amount of roentgen radiation delivered and the various survival times were studied, and it is definitely shown that those patients who survive longest need less therapy and have a more chronic type of disease or a greater natural resistance to its effects. The results of external regional roentgen therapy in 117 patients with active disease are presented both as to long term survival time and as to response at the end of 3 and 12 month periods. These results are compared with those of similar series treated with other modalities as reported in the literature. The survival rate was found to be similar whether radiation was given to the whole body by external means or P/sup 32/, or whether regional external irradiation was used. Median survival times for living and deceaseo patient; are also presented. No increase in longevity was found in patients having received maintenance therapy. An attempt was also made to compare the short term patient response to radiationmore » therapy with that to the chemotherapeutic agents, particularly chlorarubucil. No advantage was noted over that obtained with radiation therapy. In the case of chemotherapy it will be necessary to judge the long term results at a later date. (auth)« less


In this paper, the author discusses the option in current school management with the views of system, effectiveness and humanism. In fact, the school development will be composed of these three aspects.


The mating mode of Chinese shrimp (F.chinensis) is supposed to be pair mating from observation of their mating habits.However,this suggestion has not been confirmed genetically yet.In this study,five microsatellite loci (Fc04,Fc06,Fc18,Fc24 and Fc27) were used to survey the mating mode of the wild Chinese shrimp in ten families which were built in different years.The male's genotypes could be determined from those of a female and her offspring at every locus.Only one combination of male genotypes was observed in each family.Farther,the sperm DNA of wild male was extracted from copulated wild female thelycum in three families of the ten.The result of microsatellite markers showed that the sperm DNA of wild males were not contaminated by female genome DNA.At each locus,every progeny had one allele found in the male genotype.The distributions of genotypes in offspring of the ten families were consistent with the Mendelian segregation.All of these suggested that one female copulated to one male and supported that the mating mode of this prawn is pair-mating.The cluster analysis based on UPMGA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages) between individual within/among families was also examined and showed that each family formed single cluster,respectively.Microsatellite markers as an effective tool for kinship analysis could be widely used to reveal the population structure,mating mode,etc.in breeding programs.


Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among 79 inbred lines of recent elite faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars of Asian, European (Northern and Southern) and North African origin. Different sources of error arising along the steps of the analysis were investigated. Scoring across gels was found to be a major source of error, illustrating the need for sample replications and several appropriate check entries. Clustering of inbred lines based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient and the Principal Coordinate Analysis showed the Asian group of inbred lines to be the only visible group, other lines showed no marked further grouping. Nevertheless, pedigree relationships were verified. Pattern of genetic similarities between inbred lines, grouped according to their geographic origin corroborate available information on the history of spread and cultivation of faba bean in the studied regions. AFLP markers are thus of great value in allocation of genotypes where doubtful or no pedigree information is available and in organizing germplasm. As further step, the relation between genetic similarities of carefully selected diverse 18 European faba bean lines and both performance and heterosis of their hybrids was investigated. Parental lines, 62 F1-hybrids and their F2-progenies were evaluated in field trials in four environments in Germany for their seed yield, 1000-seed weight and plant height. Correlation coefficients between the genetic similarity estimates and either heterosis or F1-hybrid performance and those between specific genetic similarity and specific combining ability for the three studied traits were too small to be of predictive value. Results showed that AFLP-based genetic similarities are not predictive of the performance of hybrids or heterosis within the elite European faba bean gene pool, at least as long as mating of parents that are related by pedigree is excluded.


We study the problem of solving a quadratic system of equations, i.e., recovers a vector x ∈ R from its magnitude measurements yi = |〈ai,x〉|, i = 1, ...,m. We develop a gradient-like algorithm (referred to as RWF representing reshaped Wirtinger flow) by minimizing a nonconvex nonsmooth loss function. In comparison with existing nonconvex algorithm Wirtinger flow (WF) (Candès et al., 2015), although the loss function becomes nonsmooth, it involves only the second power of variable and hence reduces the complexity. We show that for random Gaussian measurements, RWF enjoys linear convergence to a global optimal point as long as the number m of measurements is O(n). This improves the sample complexity of WF, and achieves the same sample complexity as truncated Wirtinger flow (TWF) (Chen and Candes, 2015), but without truncation in gradient loop. Furthermore, RWF costs less computationally than WF, and runs faster numerically than both WF and TWF. We further develop the incremental (stochastic) reshaped Wirtinger flow (IRWF) and show that IRWF converges linearly to the true signal. We establish performance guarantee of Kaczmarz method for phase retrieval by bridging it to IRWF. We also empirically demonstrate that IRWF outperforms existing incremental algorithms as well as other batch algorithms.


The genus Jatropha, is part of the Euphorbiaceae family. This family comprises 290 genera and approximately 7500 species, distributed throughout the world, mainly in tropical regions. This study aimed to prospect for patents on the main biological applications of the genus Jatropha. To carry out the research, the databases National Institute of Industrial Property of Brazil (INPI), European Patent Office (Espacenet), United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the descriptors A The WIPO database obtained the highest number of patents (n = 724), with the C12N classification predominating (n = 153). The number of patents filed on the Jatropha plant genus can be considered high when researched in general (n = 1434), however, when specifying only the pharmacological effects of the genus, few patent deposits are found (n = 38), which demonstrate the lack of incentive in the registration of patents for this technology in the pharmacological area, despite being a field of commercial interest, as well as a direction of scientific research in meeting the real needs of society and the economic sector.


Consideration of the general solution of an almost projective degenerate mapping of a Riemannian space characterized by a certain metric tensor and geodesic complex. A study is made of the system of equations characterizing this conformal mapping and relations are derived which make it possible to integrate these equations to completion. Using these results, the equations determining a degenerate mapping are integrated in three different cases, and a theorem is derived which gives the behavior of the geodesic complex and the metric tensor during a degenerate mapping of the Riemannian space. (IAA)


Aim: To elucidate the impact of bathing on the prevalence of hypothermia among newborn babies exposed to the skin‐to‐skin (STS) care technique before and after bathing. Methods: Non‐asphyxiated newborns after vaginal delivery (n=249) in a Ugandan referral hospital were consecutively enrolled and randomized either to bathing at 60 min postpartum (n=126) or no bathing (n=123). All mothers practised skin‐to‐skin care of their newborns. Four rectal and tympanic registrations of newborn temperatures were carried out in both groups directly after drying at birth, and at 60, 70 and 90 min postpartum. Results: Bathing of newborns in the first hour after delivery resulted in a significantly increased prevalence of hypothermia, defined as temperature <36.5°C, at 70 and at 90 min postpartum despite the use of warmed water and the application of the STS method. There was no neonatal mortality. Aside from the bathing procedure, no background factor potentially predisposing the newborns to hypothermia was identified.


J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;127:498-503 Cornelius Borst and Paul F. Grundeman Willem J. L. Suyker, Marc P. Buijsrogge, Paul T. W. Suyker, Cees W. J. Verlaan,Anastomotic System in the off-pump porcine model Stapled coronary anastomosis with minimal intraluminal artifact: The S2http://jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/127/2/498 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is


In recent years, the quality of private label products and their market shares have grown to such an extent that most consumer goods manufacturers, brand leaders included, can not afford to ignore them. Private labels are, however, not just another generic competitor. The retailer that sells them is also an important account, and the issue includes the question: to produce private label or not? Several authors have recently suggested a number of effective strategies for leading national brand manufacturers against private labels. However, the empirical evidence for the strategies identified is scarce. Using a sample of 101 Dutch national brand manufacturers, we get a better understanding of the sets of strategies companies use. Using an inductive approach, we find four dominant profiles that are linked to performance and are discussed.


1 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 Dear Editors: We read with interest the article by Nguyen et al evaluating the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and ischemic stroke. The authors found that PPI use was associated with a significant increase in the risk of ischemic stroke after adjustment for established risk factors for stroke including smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, dietary quality, alcohol use, menopausal hormone use in women, multivitamin use, regular aspirin use, regular nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, use and personal history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, or diabetes. Because their findings are important to both current practice and future research, several questions deserve attention. First, this study did not mention some important confounding factors such as the use of antiplatelet agents. Some studies have found that the proportion of antiplatelet treatment in long-term PPI users is significantly higher than that in PPI nonusers. At the same time, some studies have assessed a potential association about ischemic stroke, the long-term use of PPI and antiplatelet agents (clopidogrel). And these studies suggested that clopidogrel are less efficacious when used with PPI. The coadministration of clopidogrel and PPI could lead to changes in the pharmacodynamics and the clinical effects of these drugs, because the activation and metabolism of both clopidogrel and PPI rely on CYP2C19. At the same time, individuals with certain genetic polymorphisms may be more prone to an interaction between PPI and clopidogrel. And some studies also found that PPI type can affect the association between PPI and clopidogrel. For example, the study by Juurlink et al suggested that the association between PPI and clopidogrel may not be relevant to pantoprazole. It is unclear as to why this might be the case, because pantoprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver through the cytochrome P450 system, and the main metabolic pathway involves CYP2C19, as do other types of PPI. These data raise questions about whether the association between clopidogrel and PPI represents a PPI class effect or is only applicable to specific type of PPI. However, this study did not provide the information on the types of PPI.


A His bundle electrogram was obtained in a 65 year old male with syncopal episodes. A split bundle of His deflection was recorded. After the intravenous administration of phentolamine, a marked shortening of the H-H' interval was observed. This signifies an improvement in conduction at the bundle of His level.


COVID-19 respiratory viral disease has changed the entire research communities' focus towards Diseases, Health Care, Treatment and related resources decision making and services. Fuzzy approach gives simplification and improvement in processing logic and speed applied to Data analytics and testing of algorithm for different business purposes may be future research domain. Significant COVID-19 analytics can help to classify and prioritize the resources the future consequences to take enhanced self-ruled decisions, to recognise and design pattern in data spread to design strategic policies for medical, health care units and stakeholders. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.


In this research work, fiber extracted from the bark of Cola lepidota (CL) plant, grown in the flora of Southern
part of Cameroon, was investigated for composites reinforcement. The
investigation was carried via evaluation of water
absorption capacity, moisture content, real density, porosity, chemical
composition, chemical structure and thermal behaviour. It was discovered that
the new fiber has relatively low moisture content and water absorption capacity
similar to those of other investigated natural fibers such as flax, sisal,
coconut, hemp and jute. Its porosity was found appropriate for composite
production and the fiber was found to be thermally stable up to 230°C, with
maximum degradation temperature of 325°C. The main constituents of the fibre
include cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In conclusion, based on the
properties investigated, this fiber is considered suitable for composite
manufacture.


This paper highlights many of the essential components of an effective traffic control plan including such items as critical design elements, plan components and layout, and project communication. Maintenance of traffic practices and applications currently being utilized by agencies will be depicted as well as a discussion on the FHWA's Work Zone Safety and Mobility Rule. The latest emerging trends among maintenance of construction traffic will be highlighted. The paper will include insight into the compilation of a new chapter in the ITE Traffic Engineering Handbook titled "Maintenance of Traffic and Construction".


To solve the problems that the business data in state grid corporation cannot be crossed professionally, and the data resources cannot be intelligently analyzed and managed, this paper proposes a knowledge graph construction method oriented for heterogeneous data sources. On the basis of multi-source data from marketing management system (MBS), production management system (PMS), geographical information system (GIS) collected by the big data technology, the semantic annotation method is used to extract the knowledge entities, attributions and relations from the structured, semi-structured and unstructured data firstly. Secondly, the knowledge graph is constructed through the knowledge fusion technology based on ontology fusion and instance fusion algorithms proposed in this paper. Finally, the ontology model for multi-source data is constructed. Experiments show that the proposed algorithms improve the matching degree and $F1$ score, and have better visualization ability.


Objective To study the expression of interleukin-113 in aortic dissections and aneurysms. Methods Aortic specimens were obtained from patients with type I thoracic aortic dissection (11 cases), ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (10 cases), and healthy organ donors (7 cases). Expression of interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and signal transduction factors phospho-p38 and phospho-JNK were detected by real time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptosis of media cells. Results Apoptosis in the media of thoracic aortic dissection and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms was dramatically higher than control group. Expression of interleukin-1β gradually increased in an order of control group, thoracic aortic dissection to ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (P 〈 0.01, respectively). Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 significantly increased in the media of thoracic aortic dissection and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms compared with control group (P 〈 0. 01, respectively). There were positive correlations between interleukin- 1β and matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-1β and phospho-p38 in thoracic aortic dissection (P 〈 0. 01, respectively), interleukin-1β and apoptosis in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (P 〈 0.01 ). Conclusions Interleukin-1β and interferon-γ might effect the formation of thoracic aortic dissection and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms possibly through the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and apoptosis of media cells in humans.

Key words:
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 ;  Aneurysm dissecting;  Aortic aneurysm, thoracic ;  Apoptosis ;  Interleukin-1 beta


Evernote (FREE Bonus Included) Complete Guide to Mastering Evernote Quickly and Accomplish Any Goal Have you ever just wanted to get rid of everything in your office because you felt so cluttered and discombobulated? Are you tired of keeping track of other peoples filing systems or having to convert it to your own? Evernote is the answer for you! Evernote is a great application that is available on iOS, Android, desktop, or your mobile devices. Create notes from anywhere, even your mobile phone! You can take snapshots of text and images, documents, and bsiness cards and then file them away and retrieve them when needed. Designed to educate you about all of the functions and purposes of the application, this manual will help you to convert your life into one that is virtually paperless! Topics that you will learn in this manual include the following:What is EvernoteWhat Types of Evernote Accounts Are AvailableHow to Create a NoteHow to Create a NotebookNew Features for Evernote 5.0 Your life will become distraction free with the use of this application. The best thing about Evernote is that it is free! Everything is at your fingertips with Evernote. Enter in a few keywords and your notes will appear within seconds. You can also share your notes with anyone you choose (or upload them to social media). When you feel as if your office life is overwhelming, dont despair, Evernote is here! Getting Your FREE Bonus Read this book to the end and see "BONUS: Your FREE Gift" chapter after the introduction and conclusion.


Northeastern India is one of the hot spots of mega biodiversity of the world.  The collections of cerambycid beetles were made from the forest region of Arunachal Pradesh, India during 2008–2013.  A total of 49 species of cerambycids were collected during the survey, belonging to three subfamilies and a checklist of all the species is provided.  Taxonomic synonyms, bibiliography alongwith new distribution and list of host plants of the region are included.  Rhytidodera griseofasciata is reported for the first time from India, besides seven other species, viz., Nupserha nigriceps , Pterolophia ( Hylobrotus ) tuberculatrix, Neocerambyx grandis, Olenecamptus indianus, Obereopsis obscura obscura , Aristobia reticulator , and Sarothrocera lowii are being reported from Arunachal Pradesh for the first time.


Three−negative breast cancer is characterized by aggressive clinical course, early metastasis and poor prognosis, leading to more active oncosurgical tactics and systemic treatment. Due to the aggressive clinical course of this oncopathology with increasing risk of locoregional and distant metastases, the most common surgical treatment tactics are modified variants of radical mastectomy with wide dissection of lymph nodes in areas of potential metastasis. Radicalism of the operation is the cause of the increase in the incidence of wound and lymphoenosis, the development of which depends on many factors, the determination of which is important for the development of methods of prevention of complications. In recent years, in the early stages of the disease, a radical breast resection after a course of adjuvant radiotherapy has been considered as an alternative. To study the immediate post−surgery results of three−negative breast cancer, depending on the initial clinical and pathological parameters and features of therapeutic tactics, a study was conducted in which 66 patients participated. Patients underwent radical mastectomy and breast resection, as well as lymph node dissection. Nine patients underwent aloplastic reconstruction. The results of the analysis showed that most often after radical surgeries, irrespective of their volume, there are lymphovenous complications, the development of which is affected by an increase in body mass index and lesions of lymph nodes. Aloplastic breast reconstruction contributes to a reduced incidence of lymphoid complications, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with an increased incidence of wound complications. These factors should be considered when planning the surgery protocols of patients with three negative breast cancer.

Key words: three−negative breast cancer, surgical treatment, postoperative complications, risk factors.


The Smart City guidelines under "Smart Cities Mission" declared by Government of India insist 10% of the Smart City's energy requirement come from solar energy by generating electricity through solar PV rooftop installation, street lightings etc. Considering the life span of a solar PV power plant more than 20years, the study on meteorological parameters such as the latitude, ambient temperature, humidity and pollution level is necessary for choosing the right PV technology and precisely forecasting the power generation. The negative impact on environment of the unrestrained population growth has also been discussed. This study assessed five different solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies monocrystalline silicon (mcSi), polycrystalline silicon (pcSi), amorphous silicon (aSi), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and Cadmiun Telluride (CdTe) in various smart cities located in different zones of India using PVsyst simulation software and facilitated the PV installers to plan and identify the best PV technology for a particular smart city. Thin film technologies CIGS and CdTe has better performance ratios (PR) and capacity utilisation factor (CUF) in all six zones due to their low temperature power coefficient and ability to perform in low light or diffuse radiation condition.


Methoxyfenozide is a lepidopteran-specific insecticide belonging to non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonists. Its effects were evaluated under laboratory conditions on the morphometry and histology of ovaries in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Treatment at LD50 (0.01 µg/pupa) and LD90 (0.37 µg/pupa) was made by topical applications on newly ecdysed female pupae. The compound was found to increase the size of the ovaries and to reduce the thickness of the follicular epithelium compared to controls. Moreover, the histological study of ovaries showed alterations including vacuolation, the absence of nurse cells, and shrinkage, leaving a space around the oocyte tissue.


Shanghai Dyestuffs and Pesticide Industry Association,Shanghai 200085)The current situation of the market of the organic intermediates used for manufacturing the fine chemicals in Asia was analysed in this paper, and the recent development of the intermediate industry in China and India were reviewed and the key of developing intermediate market in Asia was pointed out.


Intuitionistic fuzzy set is a widely used tool to express the membership, nonmembership, and hesitancy information of an element to a set. To aggregate the intuitionistic fuzzy information, a lot of aggregation techniques have been developed, especially, the ones which reflect the correlations of the aggregated arguments are the hot research topics, among which Bonferroni mean (BM) is an important aggregation technique. However, the classical BM ignores some aggregation information and the weight vector of the aggregated arguments. In this paper, we introduce the generalized weighted BM and the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy weighted BM, both of which focus on the group opinion. Paying more attention to the individual opinions, we further define the generalized weighted Bonferroni geometric mean and the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy weighted Bonferroni geometric mean. Various families of the existing operators can be obtained when the parameters of the developed aggregation techniques are assigned different values. Finally, we propose an approach to multicriteria decision making on the basis of the proposed aggregation techniques and an example is also given to illustrate our results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Five alkaloids, oxyacanthine, berbamine, berberine, neprotine, and palmatine, have been isolated and identified from Mahonia Griffithii Takeda obtained from Bhutan.


Based on the channel status information, the positioning system of the fingerprint indoor positioning system has a certain increase in the accuracy of the indoor positioning of the Wi-Fi, but there is still the problem of data redundancy and complex resolution. We proposed a CSI indoor positioning method based on fuzzy and fuzzy degradation molecular space: first, the whole location space is divided into a certain intersecting subspace, and then based on the status of the realtime CSI sample, the weight of the fingerprint matching algorithm is set, and the fingerprint matching and positioning are completed in the subspace. Experimental results show that our method is superior to the traditional CSI localization method in positioning efficiency.


Objectives Associations between biological stress markers and depression are inconsistent across studies. We assessed whether inter- and intra-individual variability explain these inconsistencies. Methods Pair-matched depressed and non-depressed participants (N = 30) collected saliva thrice a day for 30 days, resulting in 90 measurements per individual. The relationships between measures of stress-system function and depression were examined at the group level by means of mixed model analyses, and at the individual level by means of pair-matched comparisons. The analyses were repeated after adjusting for time-varying lifestyle factors by means of time-series regression analyses. Results Cortisol and α-amylase levels were higher, the α-amylase/cortisol ratio larger, and the daily cortisol slope steeper in the depressed compared to the non-depressed group. Adjusting for lifestyle factors and antidepressant use reduced the associations under study. In 40%–60% of the matched comparisons, depressed individuals had higher cortisol and α-amylase levels, a larger α-amylase/cortisol ratio, and a steeper daily slope than their non-depressed match, regardless of adjustment. Conclusions Our group-level findings were mostly in line with the literature but generalization to individuals appeared troublesome. Findings of studies on this topic should be interpreted with care, because in clinical practice the focus is on individuals instead of groups.


Aircraft connection is one of the most important key techniques in aeronautical manufacturing technology. Based on the materials collected and sorted, using Oracle DBMS database of aircraft connection was build. This database described and stored technical conditions data, technological data of connected parts, and set up the connection of the data, and explain all the process and relative principle using Powerbuilder. In the end ,it gives a simple economical analysis of the aircraft connection techniques information system.


Objective To study the clinical feature of mental disorders due to dysfunction of thyroid.Methods Seventy seven cases were included which were diagnosed as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroids with mental disorder during the past 10 years in our hospital.FT 3,FT 4 and TSH were tested with radio immunity method.Results We found the major clinical presentation of the mental disorders were the alterations of the cognition, affection, personality and intelligence in which the change of the affective was the most prominent. The more distinguished between the value and the normal value, the more significant of psychotic symptoms.The symptoms usually happened as the FT 3,FT 4 and TSH value were decreasing.The affective symptoms are positive relevant with FT 3,FT 4 value.In addition, the mental disorder often emergeed in the period of FT 3,FT 4 altering obviously.Conclusions There is a close correlation between mental disorder and the content of FT 3,FT 4 and TSH, especially in the affection symptom. However, we can't find that there is correlation between the diagnostic significant stigmata mental disorder and the content of FT 3,FT 4 and TSH.


Air quality control of our environment is a collective responsibility of all elements of society. The technical and financial resources, and talents, of people and industry, and of government, must be marshaled to meet the challenge presented by air pollution. Only through such a joint approach, can these combined forces, in partnership, manage our environment for the greatest net benefit to man and his total community. Industry should acknowledge the sense of stewardship for the natural resources upon which our environment depends. It is the responsibility of government, with the participation of industry, to identify objectives, establish the assimilative capacities of receiving environments, and enact reasonable standards.


High voltage power cables are more and more widely used in cities, which also produces some secondary problems, such as grounding faults, safety problems and so on. This paper studies the grounding mode of high-voltage power cable, compares the characteristics and differences between different grounding modes, introduces the permanent grounding device studied in this topic, discusses the fault causes of high-voltage power cable grounding, and analyzes the practical application of fault location and detection technology.


Adding hyperbaric oxygen and low-energy laser irradiation as adjunctive therapies might help in the healing of refractory diabetic foot ulcers.


Central catadioptric cameras have been extensively adopted in robotics and surveillance due to their extensive field of view. To attain precise 3D information in these applications, it is important to calibrate the catadioptric cameras accurately. The existing calibration techniques either require prior knowledge of the mirror types, or highly depend on a conic estimation procedure, which might be ruined if there are only small portions of the conic visible on calibration images. In this paper, we design a novel planar pattern with concurrent lines as a calibration rig, which is more robust in conic estimation since the relationship among lines is taken into account. Based on the line properties, we propose a rough-to-fine approach suitable for the new planar pattern to calibrate central catadioptric cameras. This method divides the nonlinear optimization calibration problem into several linear sub-problems that are much more robust against noise. Our calibration method can estimate intrinsic parameters and the mirror parameter simultaneously and accurately, without a priori knowledge of the mirror type. The performance is demonstrated by both simulation and a real hyperbolic catadioptric imaging system.


The chapter 'Planning Working Capital' deals with the factors that are to be reckoned with and is followed by the chapter 'Forecasting Working Capital Requirements'. The various methods of forecasting working capital needs are very well discussed here with examples. The chapter 'Funds Statement for Analysis and Forecasting' discusses current ratios and funds flow. Here too, for illustration two units, Telco and Leyland, are chosen for analysis.


Collective phenomena in ion–ion collisions are well-known, but the research in small systems, like proton–proton and proton-lead, is starting both from the experimental and theoretical side. In this paper, we present a short review of the most important observables related to flow, as well as phenomenological results to explain the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Large Hadron Collider results. Different variables and their relations to collectivity in small systems are discussed.


This invention relates to methods, compositions, and apparatuses for producing macrocyclic compounds. First, one or more reactants are provided in a reaction medium, which are capable of forming the macrocyclic compound through a desired reaction pathway that includes at least cyclization, and which are further capable of forming undesired oligomers through a undesired reaction pathway that includes undesirable oligomerization. Oligomerization of such reactions in the reaction medium is modulated to reduce formation of undesired oligomers and/or to reduce separation of the undesired oligomers from the reaction medium, relative to a corresponding unmodulated oligomerization reaction, thereby maximizing yields of the macrocyclic compound. The macrocyclic compound so formed is then recovered from the reaction medium. Preferably, the macrocyclic compound spontaneously separates from the reaction medium via phase separation. More preferably, the macrocyclic compound spontaneous precipitates from the reaction medium and therefore can be easily recovered by simple filtration. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


Abstract Much variability exists in the postoperative mobilization management after modified Wilson's osteotomy for hallux valgus. This study aimed to elicit the differences, if any, between weightbearing following surgery as managed with a plaster slipper as compared to that of a crepe bandage. Fifty-four operated feet were randomly entered into a prospective trial. All feet underwent identical operations. When a crepe bandage was used there was no significant difference in the rate of complications, or in the patient's assessment of postoperative pain relief. Patients treated with a crepe bandage were back to full activity as quickly as their plaster slipper counterparts and the patient's overall assessment of the operation was no different.


The burden of morbidity and mortality among infants is the highest in developing countries. The future economic growth of a country depends upon the well-being of the infants of today; hence, infants need the utmost attention of society through organized medical care and social activities. Feeding infants and young children properly are essential for their growth, development, nutritional status, health, and survival. Improper feeding practices may lead to irreversible outcomes like malnutrition, infectious diseases, attention deficit, memory failure, lower IQ, and lifelong poor cognitive and behavioral development. This review was taken to assess the cause, prevalence, and impact of various morbidities during infancies. The literature search covered both conceptual and specific literature. The specific literature search was on the assessment of morbidities among infants. Morbidities were further classified into diarrhea, acute respiratory infections (ARIs), and fever. Factors affecting each morbidity during the first year of life were classified as International and Indian studies. The studies were further categorized based on methodology as cross-sectional, prospective studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis. We conclude that the incidence of morbidities specifically ARIs, diarrhea, and fever have a debilitating effect on the growth and development of infants. Further research is required to assess the impact of morbidity on growth and development in children.


We used digitised scans of plates from the Bamberg Observatory Southern Photographic Patrol Survey to study the variation of the recently discovered semiregular variable star CPD−80◦966 from 1964 to 1976. We present evidence to show that the star was varying during the course of the Bamberg survey, but was apparently overlooked at the time. We also present multicolour CCD photometry of CPD−80◦966 from 2006 July to 2007 March.


This paper presents several devices developed by manufacturer Autoliv, employing the pyrotechnic initiator used in airbag activation. The battery disconnect device isolates a vehicle's power source to prevent unsafe post-collision conditions. The latch release device operates to open the hood, or bonnet, of a car. The pin puller allows a steering wheel column to be collapsed in an impact to alleviate the load transferred to the driver's body. The radial-folded bellows is a linear actuator developed to raise the hood of a car as part of a pedestrian protection system; these actuators can then absorb energy by crushing back onto themselves. The on-demand pressure relief valve provides both passive and active relief to vent high-pressure gas or liquid lines. For the covering abstract see ITRD E127621.