Pulmonary aspiration is a problem that anaesthetists dread as it can lead to significant morbidity, is avoidable, and falls into the handful of adverse events that we are solely responsible for [1]. The sequence of events leading to such an unfavourable outcome includes the presence of a sufficiently large amount of stomach content that regurgitates into the oropharyngeal space, entering the lungs and thereafter generating an inflammatory pneumonic response [2]. Thus, there are multiple stages at which we can intervene and measures have been proposed at each of these points to either identify the presence of risk factors (e.g. a full stomach) or to mitigate the chance of progression to adverse outcomes (e.g. cricoid pressure) [3]. Most anaesthetists would agree that the most significant risk factor for aspiration is the presence of a culpable amount of stomach content [4]. For decades, this factor has been largely assessed by clinical means, which includes identifying the presence or absence of risk factors deemed to promote retention of stomach contents, factors that are largely derived from physiological and pharmacological studies. These include fasting time, type of food last consumed and comorbidities which would impact gastric emptying times [5], but data continue to emerge that challenges some of these traditional constructs [6]. With the available information, the anaesthetist performs a mental calculation of the probability of stomach contents present based on an evaluation of the statistical characteristics of each input variable. Intuitively, the terms sensitivity and specificity come to mind, where the sensitivity is the probability that the diagnostic test will indicate 'positive' among those people who are really positive, whereas the specificity is the probability that the diagnostic test will indicate 'negative' among those people who are really negative. We should be reminded that sensitivity and specificity are characteristics of the test and are not affected by the test population, and what may be more important are the positive and negative predictive values. In other words, what is the meaning of the positive or negative result in front of you at the time. Positive and negative predictive values are influenced by the pre-test probability. If we test in a high prevalence setting, it is more likely that those participants who test positive truly have a full stomach, that is, the result has a high positive predictive value. The negative predictive value, the probability that a negative result is truly negative, is of less concern in our current scenario, as the consequence of treating a false positive with rapid sequence induction, although not desirable, is not devastating.


The subject. The subject of the study is the relationship between the methodology of the theory of forensic science and law enforcement issues. The nature of the forensic science and the paradigms of theory are subject to significant changes today. Philosophical and scientific postulates revealed differences in post-non-classical science. The author substanti-ates the need for the evolution of some essential criteria of scientific knowledge in forensic science. The article deals with the concepts of private forensic theories and the structure of the general theory of forensics. It shows the impact of scientific research on the needs of practice, the ambiguous nature of the preparation of practical recommendations, the complex path from basic forensic research to the integration of investigative methods in investigative practice. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that changing the general forensic paradigms should lead to changes in the method of detecting and using traces of crimes in criminal proceedings. The methodology of the research includes analysis, synthesis, deduction as well as private scientific methods of forensics, in particular, the doctrine of traces.


Overdeepened valleys and troughs on the northern and southern margins of the central European Alps have been shaped during the Quaternary glaciations (Preusser et al. 2010). These valleys host a number of fjord-type lakes, remnants of formerly larger water bodies, which show various morphological features that reflect their glacial origin, similar to marine fjords. Among the most prominent of these features are large-scale transverse moraine ridges in Lake Lucerne, a perialpine lake situated in a branched valley system on the northern margin of the Alps (Fig. 1b, c).

 Fig. 1.
Swath-bathymetric data and reflection-seismic profiles from Lake Lucerne, central Switzerland. ( a , d ) Shaded-relief images of the Nase Moraine and Chindli Moraine. Colour represents depth; greyscale for areas outside the lake. Acquisition system GeoAcoustics GeoSwath Plus. Frequency 125 kHz. Grid-cell size 1 m. Greyscale derived from swisstopo swissALTI3D elevation model. Labels: ch, chutes and channels; fa, fan-shaped deposit; cr, secondary crest. ( b ) Location of study area (red box; map from GEBCO_08). ( c ) Overview of Lake Lucerne; areas shown in (a) and (d) are marked by red rectangles. ( e , f ) Reflection-seismic profiles across the moraine ridges. VE×4. Acquisition system RCMG Centipede sparker, SIG single-channel streamer, IXSEA Delph acquisition unit. Vertical scale …


AIM
The clinical guidelines for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in Japan recommend cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. The positive response rate of the diagnostic CSF drainage is not very high because brain MRI findings of Alzheimer disease (AD) are similar to those of iNPH. Therefore, we sought to determine simple, quantitative indexes of head MRI to differentiate iNPH from AD and to predict positive response of the CSF drainage in possible iNPH.

METHODS
Eighteen patients with the clinical criteria of possible iNPH who had undergone diagnostic CSF drainage were evaluated. Nineteen patients with the clinical criteria of probable AD were used as controls. VSRAD, Evans index, and previously reported indicators were measured on brain MRI in all patients. These parameters were compared between AD and iNPH, and between iNPH responders and non-responders.

RESULTS
VSRAD, Evans index, bifrontal index, width and height of the temporal horn, and the maximum height of the Sylvian fissure were higher in iNPH than AD. The cutoff value of the bifrontal index, width and height of the temporal horn, and maximum height of the Sylvian fissure were 0.31, 6.0 mm, 3.13 mm, and 7.6 mm, respectively. The minimum thickness of the medial temporal lobe was higher in the CSF drainage responders than the non-responders. The cutoff value of the minimum thickness of the medial temporal lobe was 11.0 mm.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that simple image indexes of brain MRI could distinguish iNPH from AD and predict positive response to CSF drainage in iNPH.


Perfusion and static cultures of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs), obtained from patients following stem cell mobilization, were supplemented with interleukin‐3 (IL‐3), IL‐6, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), and stem cell factor (SCF) and compared with and without a preformed irradiated allogeneic bone marrow stromal layer. Perfusion cultures without a stromal layer effectively retained nonadherent cells through the use of a novel "grooved" perfusion chamber, which was designed with minimal mass transfer barriers in order to achieve a well‐defined culture environment. The grooved chamber allowed easy and efficient culture inoculation and cell recovery. Average maximum expansion of CFU‐GM (colony‐forming unit granulocyte‐macrophage) cells was observed on day 10 for all cultures. Perfusion cultures had a maximum CFU‐GM expansion of 17‐ and 19‐fold with and without a stromal layer, respectively. In contrast, static cultures had a maximum CFU‐GM expansion of 18‐ and 13‐fold with and without a stromal layer, respectively. Average long‐term‐culture initiating cell (LTC‐IC) numbers on day 15 were 34% and 64% of input in stroma‐containing and stroma‐free perfusion cultures and 12% and 11% of input in stroma‐containing and stroma‐free static cultures, respectively. Thus, perfusion enhanced CFU‐GM expansion and LTC‐IC maintenance more for the stroma‐free cultures than for stroma‐containing cultures. This was surprising because analysis of medium supernatants indicated that the stroma‐containing cultures were metabolically more active than the stroma‐free cultures. In view of their equivalent, if not superior, performance compared to stroma‐containing cultures, stroma‐free perfusion cultures may offer significant advantages for potential clinical applications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


SynopsisThis study sought to determine the effects of training in the Couple Communication Instructor-Training Program on the decision-maldng of married couples. Data were gathered by using a decision-making model which employed a self-report questionnaire and a conjoint tape-recorded interview. Analysis of the data indicated that Couple Communication participants scored significantly higher on self-esteem, had significantly lower disparity scores on the sex-role preference measure, and used significantly more verbal persuasion strategies than the comparison group in decision-maldng. In the absence of pretest measures caution is warranted in interpreting the results.


The goal of this project is to study continuation methods and to learn how to implement them numerically. We will review the main points of the procedure and we will try to replicate these results numerically. Starting with some concepts learned during the degree like definitions or theorems, for example the "Implicit function Theorem", we will study basic concepts about curves to use them in solution techniques applying deformation, as well as conditions they have to satisfy to prevent the curve from running to infinity. Assuming that, we will undergo a study about predictor-corrector(PC) methods, which are the main objective of this project, understanding how they work and programming them in a software, in our case, MATLAB. Finally we will take advantage of the codes that we have programmed, to apply PC methods in a more particular case and draw some conclusions of it. The case that we have considered is a model of a paced cardiac cell with cytosolic and luminal spaces, each separated into different compartments,i.e dyadic, subsarcolemmal and cytosolic. We calculate the type of solution that we find as we change the total amount of calcium in the system and we discuss some conclusions of these solutions.


The purpose of this study was to examine symptom experiences, sleep quality, and quality of life in asthma patients and investigate any correlation among these factors. The study was conducted on 146 asthma patients that visited the Internal Medicine Department of Allergies at a hospital in Korea from March to June, 2015. Tools that were originally developed by Oh (1999) were used to measure the symptom experience of asthma patients. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) while quality of life was measured by the Short Form 36-Items Heath Survey (SF-36). The dates were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS 20.0 program. Symptom experiences of asthma patients showed a positive relation with sleep quality (r=.468, p<.001) and negative relationship with quality of life; PCS (r=-495, p<.001) and MCS (r=-.411, p<.001). The symptom experiences of an asthma patient along with sleep quality and quality of life turned out to be correlated. Therefore, this study is expected to be utilized as a basis for the development of assessment tools and arbitration programs to elucidate symptom experiences of asthma patients from various aspects and enhance their sleep quality and quality of life.


A method for cleaning an inner wall (1) of a at least one opening cross-section (8, 9) having the form (2), in which an at least partially gas-permeable cover (10, 11) which covers an opening cross section (8, 9) to bear against the form (2) is placed and then a cleaning jet (7) containing dry ice pellets carried by a carrier medium against the inner wall (1) of the mold (2) is directed.


The main objective of the study was to develop and validate a novel radical scavenging antioxidant assay using KMnO4. In this method tannic acid at concentration 6.25 μg/ml – 200 μg/ml was used as the standard antioxidant. KMnO4 solution (80.00 μg/L) in phosphate buffer (pH= 9) was developed as the prooxidant. Absorbances of KMnO4 both in the presence and absence of the antioxidant were taken spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 526 nm after 30 minutes incubation period. The results obtained were then compared to results from reference method which employs 40.00 μg/L DPPH in methanol prepared and subjected to similar experimental conditions. The results showed that KMnO4 solution prepared in a phosphate buffer (pH= 9), was most stable and had the highest molar absorptivity. The method developed was precise, accurate and specific. The method developed passed all the validation parameters according to the ICH guidelines. This offers a new antioxidant method that is relatively cheap and safe to use.


Computer vision theory, the 3d object reconstruction is always a very important research subject. Most humans are attained through the visual perception of information, but in the real world, people think it is 3d information, how to better performance, the 3d information, to be one of the hot topics of attention. 3d reconstruction application in image processing system also includes the application of image processing technology. This application is mainly manifested in the process of graphic artificial processing. This article through to the geological image building, the coordinates of triangles algorithm of image reconstruction algorithm, using OpenGL transform operation realize 3d reconstruction image. Geological by computer image processing, 3d visualization of geological image. With the result feedback to geological construction management and design, in order to improve the geology observation precision, at the same time make the geological observation data preservation and effective utilization of


Sunlight is one of the few renewable resources that can meet global energy demand. Unfortunately, while solar energy has grown in the past few years, several economic and scientific constraints have hindered mass adoption. One of the main obstacles solar energy faces is the lack of economically competitive storage technologies. Artificial photosynthesis is a potential solution in which solar energy is directly converted into energy dense chemical bonds that can be easily stored and transported. One impediment facing the commercialization of artificial photosynthesis is the use of expensive and rare precious metals as catalysts. This dissertation focuses on the achievements of the past five years in characterizing novel, earth-abundant, acid-stable hydrogen evolution catalysts. While nickel alloys have long been known as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in basic media, it has only been in the past decade that earth abundant catalysts that are stable in acidic media have been reported. These discoveries are critically important as the many proposed artificial photosynthetic devices require the use of acidic media. In this dissertation we examine two families of hydrogen evolution catalysts: transition metal chalcogenides (namely molybdenum and cobalt selenide) as well as transition metal phosphides (cobalt phosphide). In addition to the electrochemical characterization of these catalysts, spectroscopic characterizations were performed in order to carefully examine the chemical compositions of these catalysts before, after and during the hydrogen evolution reaction. This analysis elucidated both chemical, and structural changes that occurred after the catalysts had been subject to the hydrogen evolution reaction conditions. The final chapter in this thesis delves into the techno-economic realities of energy transportation via different fuels. Due to the strong interest in renewable energy, several future energy transportation scenarios, including 100% grid electrification and widespread installation of hydrogen pipelines, have been proposed. In order to get a fuller understanding of such potential infrastructure alternatives, we report their differing energy transportation costs.


Variations in the extent of breakdown of celluloses from different sources by Cell'ulomonas biazotea can be accounted for in terms of the crystallinity and content of associated pentosan of the celluloses. Under similar conditions, Sporocytophaga myxococcoides did not distinguish between celluloses and degraded the different materials at the same rate.


Technological system evolution is marked by the uneven evolution of constituent sub-systems. Subsequently, system evolution is hampered by the resulting state of unevenness, or reverse salience, which results from the presence of the sub-system that delivers the lowest level of performance with respect to other sub-systems, namely, the reverse salient. In this paper, we develop absolute and proportional performance gap measures of reverse salience and, in turn, derive a typology of reverse salients that distinguishes alternative dynamics of change in the evolving system. We subsequently demonstrate the applicability of the measures and the typology through an illustrative empirical study of the PC (personal computer) technological system that functions as a gaming platform. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that patterns of temporal dynamics can be distinguished with the measurement of reverse salience, and that distinct paths of technological system evolution can be identified as different types of reverse salients emerge over time.


Aiming at the importance of garden scenery design in city layout,on the basis of explicitting main creating object and service object of modern scenery layout design,it indicates that garden scenery design should be chieved from some factors,scenery request,view the people as centre,protecting ecology,repairing ecology,emerging local characteristics,region culture,suit measures to local conditions and reasonable economy,etc.


With the progress of the society and the gradual establishment of urban integrated structure, society as the important symbol of city development has attract attention from the whole society. Whether the community develops well has become the key indicator in the regional development process. Government should not only use social influence to satisfy people's mental demands but also should focus on adding and organizing leisure and fitness activities so as to improve people's physical quality. Developing community fitness service is an essential method. This article makes a brief analysis on the connotation of city community leisure and fitness, and focuses on explaining the functions, types, and features of city community leisure and fitness service and makes an in-depth exploration on the extended mechanism of service through combining the relationship mechanism of city community leisure fitness service facilities with the purpose of providing effective management suggestions for social management staffs.


Growth in terms of shoot dry weight was studied in five species of mangroves, namely Avicennia marina, A. officinalis, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apicuhta and R. mucronata, raised in shrimp pond-derived effluent. The effluent had significant negative effect over diluted effluents on shoot dry weight in R. apiculata and C. decandra, but not in the other three species, in general, the effluent, when diluted by 70%, improved the shoot biomass production of mangrove seedlings.


This study investigated between-session variability in affective state incidence during learning with an intelligent tutoring system (ITS). We tracked 12 affective states (plus neutral) while three learners completed their statistics coursework in eight 45-minute weekly sessions with the ALEKS ITS. The results indicated that engagement/flow was the most frequent affective state that demonstrated considerable stability across sessions. Nine other affective states (anger, anxiety, boredom, contempt, curiosity, disgust, eureka, happiness, surprise) were rarely observed both within and across sessions. Confusion and frustration occurred with some frequency but there was considerable between-session variability in the incidence of these states. Followup analyses indicated that some of the between-session variability could be explained by initial (before session) positive and negative mood and initial physiological arousal (electrodermal activity). Implications of the findings for basic research on affect and learning and for affect-aware ITSs are discussed.


With regard to the issue of compatibility between CFC tax system and bilateral tax convention,there are two entirely different viewpoints in the international tax field,namely "the View of Conflict" and "the View of Conformity",which,to some extent,reflect conflicts in the distribution of tax rights and interests among countries.This issue has had an effect on international tax practice.China has introduced CFC tax system in its "Enterprise Income Tax Law".Therefore,in order to defend Chinese tax rights and interests,we should take some essential measures to eliminate or reduce the possibility of conflicts between CFC tax system and bilateral tax convention.


Ten patients with schizophrenia, selected for treatment with insulin shock therapy, were utilized in this study. Nine of these patients received a similar course of thirty comaproducing treatments. Cortical potentials were recorded from the left occipital, the left motor and the left frontal area by means of three matched amplifiers and a Grass ink-writing oscillograph. Monopolar leads were used. The records were analyzed as follows: Three samples, each 1 meter long (representing thirty-three and three-tenths seconds of recording), were selected at random from a con¬ tinuous record of at least fifteen minutes' duration. The number of centimeters of each sample occupied by waves of a frequency of 6 per second or less was determined. Within the same samples the number of centimeters of alpha activity (8.5 to 12.5 per second frequency) was measured. These values were taken as the percentages of slow and alpha activity. Averages for the three samples, which are per cent time measurements, are referred to as the slow activity index and the alpha index respectively. It is possible for both slow and alpha activity to appear in the same strip of record, the latter being superimposed on the former. In some instances, records from the frontal area were not suitable for analysis because of the occurrence of sweating or strong blinking during the recording.


Based on the principle of the positional parameter of front wheel, all the factors which affect the parameters are analysed in detail. The basis for rationally selecting the caster, camber steering a xis inclination and toe-in is provied in this paper.


This study focuses on potential responses to variable message signs other than a reduction in mean speed and an increase in headway. The authors concluded that variable message signs have many other impacts. The most essential effects deal with the direction of attention to find cues showing potential hazards, testing the slipperiness of the road, and cautious passing behavior


The adsorption and reaction of ethanol and acetaldehyde on two-dimensional PdZn alloys on Pd(111) were studied with use of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Incorporation of Zn into the Pd(111) surface was found to decrease the dehydrogenation activity and alter the activation energies for C−H bond scission in adsorbed ethoxide, acetaldehyde, and acetyl intermediates. Large changes in the stability of adsorbed intermediates were observed on Zn/Pd(111) surfaces with Zn coverages <0.1 ML, indicating that long-range electronic effects play a role in altering the surface reactivity. The results obtained in this study are similar to those in our previous study of the reaction of methanol and formaldehyde on PdZn and further illustrate the dramatic effect that Zn substitution into the Pd lattice has on the reactivity of the surface.


This paper mainly introduces the technique to decompose completely CO_2,SO_2,NO_xandflue dust by activation of ultra-high voltage narrow pulse.It can make the hazardous gases becomeactivated molecules which are decomposed into nonhazardous monatomic gaseous molecules N_2 andO_2 as well as monoplasmatic particles C and S under directional action; the flue dust is fully chargedand is removed and become the carrier of C and S under ultrastrong field.The activating energy isreduced in great magnitude under the action of catalyst with Ni as parent substance under normalpressure and 180℃.The decomposition rate is 75%~90%.


Objective: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is often the treatment of choice in metastatic prostate cancer patients. However, there is currently an insufficiency of biomarker-related data that can be used in order to predict how the disease would respond to ADT. In this study we evaluated the clinical response to ADT, including factors which are affecting the progression of the disease into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study incorporated patients with metastatic prostate cancer who received ADT at our center from January 2008 to December 2019. Baseline characteristics, mode of ADT, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), blood chemistry, Gleason score (GS) grade group, location, and the number of metastases were analyzed. The risk factors affecting the progression of the disease were identified. Results: Data from 125 patients were included in the study. One hundred patients (80%) were classified as suffering from high volume metastatic prostate cancer and six patients (6%) with visceral metastasis. Baseline PSA in high volume and low volume metastatic prostate cancer were defined as 500 ng/ml and 215.1 ng/ ml respectively. Eighty-one patients (64.8%) received a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist while 42 patients (33.6%) underwent bilateral orchi- ectomy. Time to CRPC in high and low volume metastasis was 12 months and 23 months respectively. Patients with Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) ≥350 U/L had 8.5 months to CRPC while patients with ALP <350 U/L had 15 months. High GS grade group (3-5), short time to PSA nadir (<6 months), PSA nadir level (≥ 2 ng/ ml), and serum ALP ≥350 U/L were independent factors associated with shorter time to CRPC. Conclusion: The clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer is challenging; the main aims of treatment are to prolong overall survival whilst maintaining quality of life. Patients with aggressive tumors, high volume metastasis, short time to nadir (TTN), high PSA nadir level, and high ALP level were independent factors associated with shorter time to CRPC.


Exploding a super hero in DreamWorks Animation's "MegaMind" was a large scale task. The detail and scale of the explosion was to be massive and the collaboration between effects artists unprecedented. This created several technical hurdles and eventually several innovations such as: a fluid clamping plugin, a volume splatting tool adjustable by noise, and a collaborative caching tool.


Non-linear dynamic responses are analyzed for a flexible spinning disc with angular acceleration. Based on the Kirchhoff plate theory and the von Karman strain theory, non-linear equations of motion are derived, which are coupled equations between the radial, tangential and transverse displacements. The equations of motion are discretized by using the Galerkin method. From the discretized equations, the dynamic responses are computed by the generalized-α time integration method. The analysis results show the effects of angular acceleration on the dynamic responses.


Localization error occurrence due to a position ambiguity is a very critical problem in wireless distributed cooperative localization, which may, in turn, affect the reliability of the localization of the whole or a major portion of the network. In this paper, we formulate a two‐dimensional cooperative localization model via graph partition in arbitrary topologies while considering the cooperative node's (or neighbor's) position ambiguity. Based on this model, we establish a robust algorithm, named weighted factor graph (FG)‐based cooperative localization algorithm, by mapping local topologies into the FG and by incorporating the vector‐addition error as the weight. The vector‐addition error includes the measurement error and the neighbor's position ambiguity, simultaneously. The optimal weight is derived theoretically according to the statistic properties of the vector errors and the joint probability density function. Theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm can acquire higher level of accuracy for localization in various topology scenarios in comparison with some typical algorithms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The notion of key generators is introduced to symmetric cryptography. Key generators help eliminate the dependence of a block cipher's security on a single, static key. If one of the dynamic keys is leaked to the adversary, then this compromise does not reveal future keys and prior keys used by the block cipher to encrypt distinct blocks of plaintext. A practical, key generator updating algorithm is provided that enhances the cryptographic strength of block ciphers and in particular the AES block cipher.


Part-based models have become the mainstream approach for visual object classification and detection. The key tools adopted by the most methods are interest point detectors and descriptors, shared codes for object parts (visual codebook) and discriminative learning using positive and negative class examples. Distinction of our method from the existing part-based methods for object detection is the use of sparse class-specific landmarks with semantic meaning. The landmarks are the additional distinguished information of object location in the proposed framework. Additionally, localising semantic and discriminative landmarks (object parts) is significant in other related applications of computer vision, such as facial expression recognition and pose/orientation estimation of objects. Therefore, we propose a model which deviates from the mainstream by the fact that the object parts' appearance and spatial variation, constellation, are explicitly modelled in a generative probabilistic manner. With using only positive examples our method can achieve object detection accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art discriminative method.


Background: Antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels all parts of the world. New resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases. Objective: To identify antibiotic resistance and bacteria which cause antibiotic resistance. Methods: A prospective and observational study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 6 months. Data was retrieved from participant's (n = 200) case sheets, on daily basis during a period of 6 months. Obtaining permission/approval from Institutional Ethical Committee of AIMS Preparation of patient data collection form and consent form, enrolling the patients who has been prescribed with antibiotics, collection of blood and urine samples from patients, samples will be stored under controlled temperature, samples will be taken to ACU Laboratory, evaluation/analysis of collected samples for assessment of antibiotic resistance. Results: After the informed consent process a total of 200 samples from 200 different patients were collected and cultured. There are 110 males and 90 females. 55% were males and 45% were females. Isolates of Gram-negative bacteria [GNB] were significantly more prevalent than Gram positive isolates. Among the Gram-positive isolates, the predominant isolates were Enterococcus (n=9) and Staphylococcus spp was (n=7) and micrococcus was (n=1). The Gram-negative isolates were included E. coli (n=22), Enterobacter (n=5), Klebsiella spp(n=3), NF GNB (n=4), Citrobacter(n=2), Providencia spp(n=1), Pseudomonas(n=1), Proteus s=1). Conclusion: This study gives an overview of antibiotic resistance and bacteria's causing antibiotic resistance. And many organisms detected, and also no growth found in 144 (72%) patients. E. coli species found more 22 (11%) patients, Enterococcus in 9 (4.5%) patients, Staphylococcus in 7 (3.5%), NFGNB in 4 (2%) patients, Klebsiella pneumonia in 3 (1.5%) patients, Enterobacter Aurogenus in 3 (1.5%) patients, Enterobacter Cloacae in 2 (1%) patients, Citrobacter fruendii in 1 (0.5%), Citrobacter Kasseri in 1 (0.5%), Micrococcus in 1 (0.5%), Proteus Mirabilis in 1 (0.5%), Providencia Stuartii in 1 (0.5%), Pseudomonas Spp in 1 (0.5%).


As a supplement of the paper, we give further details and analysis of the globally consistent stream line segmentation algorithm. Moreover, a more detailed description of the intrinsic similarity measure for comparing the resulting segments is also provided. Notation. We make use of the following formal concepts: let v ( x ) denote steady differentiable vector fields with as-sociated over two ( d = 2) and three-dimensional ( d = 3) flow domains D ⊂ R d with x ∈ D . Parametric stream lines c ( t ) = x 0 + (cid:82) t 0 v ( c ( u )) d u are curves defined through integration along v starting from a seed point x 0 for an integration time t . We partition stream lines c into disjoint stream line segments s i ( t ) by splitting c at integration times t i such that the points of c and s i coincide for t ∈ [ t i , t i + 1 ] . For a stream line integrated from t 0 to t n , a segmentation is defined by the sequence [ t 0 ,... t i ,... t n ] of segment boundaries t i . We denote the length of s i by l i .


BACKGROUND
Expression of the immunostimulatory xenoantigen alphaGal on malignant cells is being investigated as a means to formulate anticancer vaccines. Expression methods have been limited to gene transfer using viral vectors and enzymatic manipulation. We report here a novel method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to induce plasma membrane fusion between malignant human hematological cells and alphaGal(+) porcine blood cells (PBC) in order to display alphaGal antigens on human cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Freshly isolated white blood cells (WBC) were obtained from patients with malignant hematological disease and combined with diluted PBC. Cell mixtures were labeled with human CD mAbs, followed by IB4 lectin or M86 mAb to detect alphaGal antigens and then co-incubated with PEG. Back-gated, dual-color flow cytometry was used to detect alphaGal on human cells.

RESULTS
alphaGal antigens were detected on sizeable numbers of human WBC (approximately 45%) after incubation with PEG. Antigen expression was profuse as assessed by the strong fluorescent intensity demonstrated by IB4-FITC and M86 labeling. Human cells combined with PBC without PEG were not reactive with IB4-FITC or M86.

CONCLUSION
Our method provides an effective, highly reproducible means to efficiently express alphaGal antigens on cells obtained from patients with a spectrum of hematological malignancies. This method can provide a simple, safe alternative to viral-mediated gene transfer or enzymatic alteration to express alphaGal antigens on human tumor cells. By virtue of its simplicity, our technique presents a novel approach to the preparation of polyvalent autologous or syngeneic anticancer vaccines.


The paper proposes an algorithm of eye location in face detection, combined withgrayness and shapes of eyes. Facial images are first divided into small image blocks and rough positions of eyes are located by complexity of image blocks. Finnally, the structure central measurement of image blocks is applied to the exactlocation of eyes. The algorithm is easy to implement with less amount of computation and independent of transmission, rotation and image size. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is fairly precise in eye location in face detection.


Steven Bosa was the first indigenous Ugandan African to train in psychiatry; he obtained his Conjoint DPM in 1960 after a period as a Clinical Assistant at the Maudsley Hospital. He had graduated in Medicine in 1946 from Makerere University College. He was elected a Foundation Member of the Royal


The case of PVC automatic charge mixture production system of Xinjiang Tianye Co.,Ltd.is stated.The problems in the charge mixture production line are analyzed and solved.


Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with preterm birth and congenital abnormalities, which could be exacerbated by maternal co-infection with HIV. This case report describes an HIV-exposed neonate with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), born by a mother who had a CMV infection of the placenta, who demised following laparoscopic repair of an omphalocele.


CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 89, NO. 11, 10 DECEMBER 2005 1792 can adjust their activity in relation to the changes in oxidative stress. In the symposium VIII, Pravin Sharma (S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur) gave a talk on 'Laboratory analysis in diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus'. The speaker informed the audience that diabetes in Indians under different set ups suggests that the prevalence of the disease has grown ten-fold during the last 30 years from 1971 to 2001, much higher compared to any other ethnic group. By the year 2025, out of every 15 subjects with diabetes, there will be three Indians. This increase in prevalence of diabetes is due to metabolic and lifehabit risk factors. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and UK Prospective Diabetes Study have demonstrated that optimization of glycaemic control reduces the risk of microvascular complications. About 28 participants attended the conference. An exhibition was also organized along with the conference.


This study compares and analyzes the causes of Social Revolutions in five case studies spanning two centuries from a state-centered historical perspective. The case studies are Haiti (1791-1804), Bavaria (1918), Hungary (1918), Cuba (1956-9), and Guinea-Bissau(1963-74). The study has modified a framework devised by Theda Skocpol (1979) focusing on a conjuction of the following variables: state-breakdown,international environment, the economy, social structure,and local politics. I have added the distinctive features of small states. The argument is that small states are unique, and their revolutions can not be adequately explained by analyses of France, Russia, or China. The importance of leaders and domestic politics in spite of the political and economic dependence of small states stand out through this approach as key causal variables that are generally not discussed in other studies. Also, small states are often able to influence the international system as much it influences them. This book takes the reader on a journey to distant and fascinating places during perilous times, when the best and the worst in humans comes out.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the influencing mechanism of servant leadership on employee and team creativity based on efficacy theory. Specifically, the study intends to develop a model of efficacy beliefs that mediates the relationships between servant leadership, employee creativity, and team creativity at different levels. The study also aims to investigate the moderating effects of team power distance on the relationships between servant leadership, creative self-efficacy, and team efficacy at both individual and team levels.,Servant leadership, employee creativity, creative self-efficacy, team creativity, team efficacy, and team power distance were assessed in an empirical study based on a sample of 466 employees and 83 team leaders from 11 banks in China.,From efficacy theory perspective, this paper finds that servant leadership promotes employee creative self-efficacy and team efficacy, which enables the simultaneous promotion of employee creativity and team creativity. Team power distance also moderates the relationship between servant leadership and team efficacy.,The results suggest that it is important to encourage managers to engage in servant leader behaviors, which is conductive to enhancing employees' self-efficacy beliefs and thereby improving creative outcomes of employees. The results are also helpful for managers to enhance their understanding of the differences in cultural values in management behavior and the effects of behavior on team efficacy.,The research findings provide a significant contribution to the literature in that it shows self-efficacy as a crucial mediating mechanism through which servant leadership influences creativity at individual and team levels. Moreover, the findings support the view that power distance is an important contextual factor that affects the influencing mechanism of servant leadership on team creativity. Furthermore, this paper is one of the few studies answering the call to examine the effect of leadership at multiple levels.


ABSTRACT
Ni'mah, Khoirotin: Student Registered Number. 2813123090. 2016. Enhancing
Students' Writing Ability in Narrative Text through Descriptive Video at
the Second Grade of SMP Islam Brawijaya Jombang. Sarjana Thesis.
English Education Department. Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher
Training. State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung. Advisor: Nanik
Sri Rahayu, M. Pd.
Keywords: writing ability, narrative text, descriptive video.
Writing is one the important skills in language. Usually, students faced
problems in writing such as students in SMP Islam Brawijaya Jombang. They felt
difficult in translating words and they couldn't organize their text well or
sometimes they felt that writing is the most difficult skills in language learning.
Descriptive video is one of videos which can be used in improving students'
writing ability. Descriptive video consists of pictures, animation, sounds, and
narration which will give visual impairment for students to help them write the
story easily.
This research was intended to answer the research problems as follows: 1)
How does descriptive video enhance students' writing ability in narrative text at
the second grade of SMP Islam Brawijaya Jombang through descriptive video? 2)
How is the improvement of students' writing ability in narrative text after being
taught through descriptive video at the second grade of SMP Islam Brawijaya
Jombang?
The purposes of this study were to: 1) know how descriptive video
enhance students' writing ability in narrative text at the second grade of SMP
Islam Brawijaya Jombang. 2) find out the improvement of students' writing
ability in narrative text after being taught through descriptive video at the second
grade of SMP Islam Brawijaya Jombang.
The research design of this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR)
which conducted at the second grade of SMP Islam Brawijaya Jombang in
academic years 2015/2016 on April 11 th-16th 2016. The model of this Class Room
Action Research was adapted from Kemmis and Taggart which covered four steps
in this research namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The
subject of this study was twenty students of VIII A class which consist of 11 boys
and 9 girls. Both of qualitative and quantitative data were used in this study. The
data were obtained from observation, interview, and test. In analyzing the
qualitative data, the researcher used constant and comparative method while the
quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics.
viii
The criteria of success in this research were if the mean score of students'
ability in writing narrative text was equal or more than 75.00. There are five
writing aspect which has to be mastered by students: fluency, grammar,
vocabulary, content, and spelling. Based on the result of cycle I the students'
mean score were 72.98. It was 60% of students who passed the passing grade.
After analyzing the data, the researcher interpreted the data. The result of data
interpretation was the researcher hasn't been successful yet. In cycle II, the
students' mean score was improved. The mean score of post test cycle II was
78.10. It was 80% of students who passed the passing grade. So, this research was
successful in enhancing students' writing ability in narrative text.


(2) The difference in softening and melting behavior of these burden materials is directly due to the quantity of molten slag formed in the slag assimilation process. It is indirectly due to the differences in reducibility at about 1 000 °C in addition to the composition and volume of gangue before reduction. ence to the results of investigation of structures of samples taken out by interrupting the test. This report presents results of these test and investigation.


The reaction of ytterbium(II) iodide (YbI2) with 4.5 equiv of hexamethylphosphoric triamide (hmpa) in tetrahydrofuran (thf) gave [Yb(hmpa)4(thf)2]I2 (1) as yellow crystals. A similar reaction of SmI2 with hmpa afforded black-purple [SmI2(hmpa)4] (2) after recrystallization from toluene. When 10 equiv of hmpa were used in the reaction with SmI2, [Sm(hmpa)6]I2 (3) was obtained as purple blocks. Complexes 1—3 have been structurally characterized by crystallographic studies. The structural data of these complexes satisfactorily explain the hmpa effects observed in SmI2-promoted reactions, and also provide a guideline for the use of HMPA in these reactions.


Are democracies more transparent than other types of political regimes? The answer to this question is often assumed to be yes. Yet the logic and empirical implications behind this assertion have not been rigorously tested. In a larger project, we investigate theoretically the willingness of policymakers to provide credible announcements of intended inflation and unemployment rates, and show that the availability (or absence) of that data is correlated with regime type, even after controlling for level of development, participation in IMF programs, and country-specific effects. This paper is an empirical extension of the general project looking specifically at Latin America. Focusing on a single region at a time allows us to understand the pattern of data dissemination in greater detail and learn about specific cases. The investigation supports the finding of the larger project.


Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by bilateral intimal thickening of distal internal carotid arteries (ICA's) and development of many collateral vessels in the base of the brain. Although the origin of MMD and the reason why it is limited to the major vessels remain unclear, flow dynamics such as shear stress may be related to its smooth muscle cell migration. Therefore, this study was performed to find out the local hemodynamic factor which concerns predominance of specific anatomic site such as distal internal carotid artery(ICA) in progressed stages. We simulated the hemodynamics in cerebral arteries in circle of Willis using the computational models of three dimensional geometries of distal ICA. A finite element package, ADINA was used to simulate the undteady non-Newtonian blood flow in ICA. Numerical results showed that shear stress is relatively low at the ICA region. It was seen that the shear stress distribution was related to the moyamoya disease.


In this position paper we present an approach for achieving high assurance of flight systems that is related to and complementary with software verification and validation methods. We propose a model-based approach to runtime monitoring and error recovery of flight software, in short, software fault protection. More specifically certain aspects of the intended system behavior are formalized in a model. At runtime the software is monitored and compared with the model. Should there be disagreement, the model specifies a recovery action to perform. Like all V&V processes it is concerned with checking the consistency of the behavior of the software with some other entity such as a formal or informal model, requirements, or a set of test cases. In this case the consistency check is performed in operation rather than during development.


Revenue sharing contract is a relative new and effective supply chain coordination mechanism investigated in much literature under the stationary scenario. In traditional researches, there is no consideration about the effect from market demand and production cost disruptions caused by the unforeseeable events. In this paper, we consider a one-supplier-one-retailer supply chain which adopts the revenue sharing contract, and then investigate how to keep on coordination when the supply chain coordination is broken down by the unforeseeable events. We give the optimal emergency strategy and propose a new adjusted revenue sharing contract to respond the risk from market demand change and production cost fluctuation.


In recent years, photoelectric performances of many low-dimensional metal halide hybrid materials have been researched and utilized in the domain of phosphors, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photoelectric detection etc. Nevertheless, unlike two-dimensional (2D) ones, one-dimensional (1D) hybrids received less attention to study their structures and optical properties. Herein, we deal with luminous performance and photoluminescence mechanism for an original 1D organic-inorganic lead chloride hybrid C5H14N3PbCl3 which is abbreviated as TMGPbCl3 (TMG+ = 1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyguanidine cation). According to photoluminescence spectra, its broadband white-light luminescence are dual emissions from organic component TMG+ peaked at 429 nm and self-trapped excitons (STEs) of inorganic metal halide octahedra peaked at 510 nm, respectively and this property make it to be a promising white-light phosphor.


This study investigates the impact of real exchange rates and related variables on Thailand's exports and imports with its three major trading partners. The stationarity test results show that all time series variables in the models are nonstationary and integrated of order one. However, the cointegration tests indicate these series are not cointegrated. Therefore, Stock and Watson's dynamic ordinary least squares method are employed. The results show that real income and bilateral real exchange rates are crucial determinants of export and import between Thailand and its three major trading partners as predicted by a relatively vast literature in international trade.


Effects of trains in a rectangular tunnel on the cutoff frequency were analyzed by the finite-element method when the tunnel had been regarded as a waveguide. Generally, the trains in tunnel lowered TE wave cutoff frequencies and raised TM wave cutoff frequencies.


In this study, the problem of free surface fluid flowis investigated in an arbitrary shaped channel in which the form of the free surface profile and the fluid velocity on the free surface is given explicitly, whereas the exact shape and location of the solid bottom boundary and the fluid velocity on this boundary are unknown. Two problems are considered in this paper, the first is when a step occurs on the bottom surface of a channel. The second is when a single depression occurs on the bottom surface of a channel. This approach was based upon the minimization of the sum of the squares of the distances between the simulated free surface position from the direct problem and the computed value determined by the direct formulation from the estimated solid bottom surface position. The extremum total pressure technique to the case when the geometrical configuration of the bottom surface is a depression. An iterative technique is used for certain configurations of the lower surface, the inverse procedure could accurately recover this shape using only the known position of the free surface. However, the failure of the minimization procedure to incorporate any physical features meant that only the simplest of geometries could be successively recovered. To conclude, for free surfaces corresponding to flow over monotonically increasing steps or over single depression, the maximization of the pressure functional is capable of retrieving the geometrical shape of the lower boundary.


This paper presents a multi-objective topology optimization method for the temperature field considering the material nonlinearities. Although a large number of papers have studied the topology optimizations of the heat transfer problems, none of them considered the influence of the material nonlinearity properties. In this paper, the material nonlinearity is considered. Based on the nonlinear assumption, the mathematical model of the corresponding topology optimization is presented first. Then, the sensitivities of the objectives and the constraints respect to the design variables are derived. And the optimization routines are discussed. After establishing the theories and solving scheme, a software is developed by MATLAB for the topology design of the nonlinear heat transfer. Several nonlinear numerical examples are presented. And the corresponding optimal results generated under the linear assuming are also collected for comparisons. Furthermore, this paper also simply discusses the preventing approaches of instabilities and the implementation methods of some other unusual engineering constraints. These true engineering considerations are very helpful for the real industry design experiences.


"the suppression of the regime of secret treaties." M. Barthelemy reviews the European practice and calls attention to the fact that Europe is covered by a network of secret treaties, conventions and understandings, that is, agreements which have never been submitted to the legislature or made public. He does not, however, share the view that such treaties are necessarily dangerous or in contradiction with the principles of democracy rightly understood. France, as he points out, owes her alliance with Russia and her understandings with England and Spain to secret agreements. Nevertheless, while he admits that secret treaties may be desirable and even necessary, the power of the government to bind the nation by such agreements should be subjected to certain restrictions. His final conclusion regarding the whole matter is that it "is not necessary in the interest of democracy, to democratize diplomacy, as some imprudent demagogues demand; it is the government, the executive power which is and which must remain the first organ, the first representative of democracy in its external policy."


Background: The nurse as a majority health worker in the health care sector including the hospital has a significant role in the health care. The value of nursing care that is continuous, constant, coordinative, and advocative so the preparation, usage, distribution, and retention of the nurse, has an important implication to obtain the objectives of health care and its continuity. Purpose: This study is conducted to explore the clinical nurse career pattern development in the Tarakan General Hospital and to design the career pattern development which suitable with their role and function. Method: The qualitative method had been used in this study. The data collection was done by indepth interview and FGD. Result: Tarakan Hospital have 245 nurses with the characteristics as below: 77.96% of total nurses have the age range of 25 - 44 years old, 61.22% of nurses had working period > 3 years, 72.24% of nurses had nursing diploma educational background, and 41.22% of nurses are governmental officer. The implementation of nurse career development is not based on the competency test. The nurse committee also did not play their role as it should be. Conclusion: The study recommended Tarakan Hospital to conduct advocacy toward the hospital director board to determine the regulation of nursing career path remuneration system based on their career rank in the hospital and to optimally make the function of nursing committee in formulating the competency test instrument related to the nursing career development. Keywords: career pattern development, clinical nurse, Tarakan Hospital


Alarge number of chemical sensors have been developed using conducting polymers.They have attracted interest due to their combined properties of organicpolymers and electronic properties of semiconductors. They offer great designflexibility, have high sensitivities, short response time and operate at roomtemperature. Among the conducting class of polymers, polyaniline ( PANI)  is one of the most attractive  conducting polymer that has been extensivelyused as chemical sensor. It is unique due to its relatively facile synthesis,conductivity and environmental stability. However, poor processability of PANI andlack of selectivity has greatly restricted its use in commercial sensors. Thislimitation have been overcome by developing nanostructured PANI. In nanosize,they can be dispersed easily in a medium. Nanoscaled forms of PANI are better inperformance because of their high surface area and faster response.Similarly,  the problem of selectivityhave been resolved by synthesizinghybrid nanomaterials with functional properties. New performancecharacteristics are achieved by combining properties from the inorganic andpolymer components. Nanocomposites of PANI with metals, metal oxides, ceramicsetc. are of current interest because of theirmultifuctionality, ease of processability, potential for large scalemanufacturing, significantly lighter materials, higher selectivity andstability.In addition to this, owing to its biocompatibility and inherentelectroactivity PANI acts as a suitable matrix for immobilization ofbiomolecules. Nanocomposite biosensors prepared by using PANI as a supportmaterial exhibit fast response times and high storage and operationalstability.


By virtue of the rapid development of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), people have owned various devices connected to the Internet to enjoy various emerging application services, such as multimedia related services. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is the integration platform for multimedia application services and provides a rich feature set of converged services in the Next Generation Network (NGN). IMS services are accessed by a user anytime and anywhere through his/her personal self IMS device, e.g., mobile device, equipped with a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) card. People have owned various devices connected to the Internet at homes or offices. However, some devices can not access IMS services without USIM cards embedded, which is called non-IMS devices. People wish that more devices without USIM cards embedded should be connected to the Internet on which IMS services are accessed in addition to the mobile devices equipped with USIM cards. Accordingly, we propose an Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi)-based IMS service gateway, in which OSGi technology is the dynamic module system for JAVA. The proposed gateway is authorized by a personal self IMS device such that IMS services are accessed by non-IMS devices, in this paper. Moreover, these non-IMS devices rely on different networks to access technologies and network protocols and the IMS service gateway proposed here adopts the OSGi framework for no problem of integration.


Enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EHEC and EPEC) are gastrointestinal pathogens responsible for severe diarrheal illness. EHEC and EPEC form "attaching and effacing" lesions during colonization and, upon adherence, inject proteins directly into host intestinal cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Injected bacterial proteins have a variety of functions but generally alter host cell biology to favor survival and/or replication of the pathogen. Non‐LEE‐encoded effector A (NleA) is a T3SS‐injected effector of EHEC, EPEC, and the related mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Studies in mouse models indicate that NleA has an important role in bacterial virulence. However, the mechanism by which NleA contributes to disease remains unknown. We have determined that the following translocation into host cells, a serine and threonine‐rich region of NleA is modified by host‐mediated mucin‐type O‐linked glycosylation. Surprisingly, this region was not present in several clinical EHEC isolates. When expressed in C. rodentium, a non‐modifiable variant of NleA was indistinguishable from wildtype NleA in an acute mortality model but conferred a modest increase in persistence over the course of infection in mixed infections in C57BL/6J mice. This is the first known example of a bacterial effector being modified by host‐mediated O‐linked glycosylation. Our data also suggests that this modification may confer a selective disadvantage to the bacteria during in vivo infection.


Organizations can implement enterprise governance of IT (EGIT) over the use of practices such as COBIT 5 and ITIL. Integrating practices provide a more comprehensive and efficient approach, enabling features that would be unavailable through individual practices. Therefore, organizations are now forced to adopt and adapt various EGIT practices. However, the literature lacks a proposal that can assist and guide organizations in assessing different practices in a multi-practices environment. To overcome this issue, this research intends to shed some light in this area by proposing an ontological approach for describing TIPA for ITIL PAM and COBIT PAM, using semantic similarity techniques to compare COBIT and ITIL process assessment core concepts.


The present invention relates to an installation kit assembly for convenient installation of a drawer dishwasher (1) in a cavity (2) of a kitchen worktop (20), such that the front of the dishwasher is directed out from the cavity, the cavity having at least one inner wall (8). The installation kit assembly comprises: at least one fixation means (3), having a first part (4) and a second part (5), which are foldably interconnected; at least one first attachment means (12) for attaching the first part (4) of the at least one fixation means (3) to the inner wall (8) of said cavity (2); and at least one second attachment means (13) for attaching the second part (5) of the at least one fixation means to the front (6) of said drawer dishwasher (1). The invention also relates to a drawer dishwasher comprising an installation kit and to a method for installing a drawer dishwasher.


Until now, higher educational institutions trained pedagogical personnel for work in the field of physical education and in the field of sports training, which was implemented in the systems of training of sports reserves and sports of the highest achievements. Drawing attention that many components of sports training are used to improve the quality of physical education, there is a need to adjust training programs for comprehensive schools. The solution of this task actually deserves much more attention than it did before.
Sports and mass work at primary school is an important link in physical education of pupils. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the general purpose and tasks of physical education because of which and contributes to the systematic development of physical and mental properties of the personality of junior pupils. As well as lessons of physical culture and organized physical exercises in the mode of the day, sports and mass work has its own specific tasks, therefore, it is filled with concrete content, performs important functions in the system of physical education of junior pupils. With the help of different forms of sports and mass work, tasks are most unleashed to meet the needs of junior pupils for regular physical improvement classes in the desire to discover their physical potential in competitions.
The shortcomings in the content of education are reflected in the method of vocational training in physical education of future primary school teachers: the educational material doesn't fully reflect needs of a school; elements of pedagogical skills are formed outside the structure of pedagogical activity ("on their students"). Therefore, a future teacher is good at learning individual subjects, but it isn't easy for him to use his knowledge in pedagogical work. For this reason, he loses interest in theoretical training, and his follow-up often leads to mechanical practice.


In order to verify if antimicrobial peptides(AMP) could modulate growth performance and immune function under heat stress condition,thirty 10-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly grouped into three groups with 10 of each,including control group,heat stress group and AMP treated group(2 mg per bird) with heat stress.Temperature was heated up for 10 days.In result,average body weight gain and FCR in AMP treated group under heat stress condition had significant difference compared to heat stress group(P0.01).Pathology observation and immunohistochemistry showed that injury degree and expression of heat stress protein 70(HSP70) in the thymus,spleen and bursa of fabricius of AMP treated birds were lower compared to the heat stress group.In conclusion,AM may reduce injuries of immune organs caused by heat stress and increase a body weight gain in broilers.


ABSTRACT Using a large sample of publicly listed banks, we assess the ex-ante cost of equity of Islamic banks and compare it with the ex-ante cost of equity of conventional banks. We show that the Islamic banks have, on an average, higher equity financing costs than the conventional banks. The difference in the cost of equity between the two banking systems is economically significant and varies greatly across countries. Moreover, we find that institutional quality improves the cost of equity for both Islamic and conventional banks, with a more pronounced effect for the former. Our findings are robust to alternative assumptions and model specifications, disproportionate analyst coverage pertaining to firm size, and other firm- and country-specific factors.


This article investigates whether pioneers in a research field have a sustainable first mover advantage in publications. Combining bibliometric (publications, citations, co-authorship) with survey data on 495 nanotechnology researchers, we analyzed career attributes, professional context and production overtime. Our econometric estimates highlight two main results. First, pioneering behavior is not exogenous: it is more probable among scientists who are already established in their "mother-discipline" (before entering nanotechnology), have a strong collaboration network, and have easy access to field-specific resources. Second, even after controlling for the endogeneity of entry timing, we find a strong first mover advantage: pioneers in the emerging field exhibit significantly higher scientific production in that field in the long run.


Anecdotal and laboratory evidence indicates that many people with sensorineural hearing loss have difficulty perceiving music clearly, even when the musical sounds are loud enough to be audible, or are amplified through hearing aids. A better understanding of the music perception difficulties faced by hearing‐impaired people is required in order to improve assistive listening technology for music listening, performance, and appreciation. One important aspect of music appreciation is the perception of dissonance between combinations of tones (e.g., the tritone). A recent study [J. B. Tufts, M. R. Molis, and M. R. Leek, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 955–967 (2005)] showed that people with sensorineural hearing loss perceive differences in musical dissonance to be less salient than do normal‐hearing people. Various acoustic and perceptual factors contribute to musical dissonance, but one of the most important is auditory roughness. In the present study, roughness regions for amplitude‐modulated tones at several c...


In this paper, rheumatoid arthritis is studied as an example of complex diseases. As we all know, rheumatoid arthritis is a relatively complex disease of autoimmunity. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors. However, the mechanism of its pathogenesis and regulation is still unclear. This paper proposes a new method framework from the system level. We plan to use the already regulated information and functional relationships to explain the risk gene elements. For different risk gene modules, we can use the database to explore the relationship between them and the corresponding transcription factors. I believe that the results obtained will provide useful reference for the development of clinical medicine.


Part and parcel of the conventional wisdom about rural publics in Africa is that populations on the periphery will accord ethnic solidarity greater significance than national consciousness. A survey of neighboring Hausa villages on different sides of the Niger-Nigeria boundary counters this myth. Probing issues of self-identity and ethnic affinity, we found that most Hausa villagers on the frontier did not place their Hausan ethnic identity above their national one as citizens of Nigeria or Niger and expressed greater affinity for non-Hausa cocitizens than for foreign Hausas. However, expressed attachments to ethnic, national, and other social identifications (such as religion) varied according to village: citizenship does make a difference in the political consciousness of villagers on the geographic margins of the state. More survey research in other transborder regions should shed further light on processes of state penetration and national integration in developing countries.


Simple Summary The European wildcat is an iconic small-sized predator that is still threatened by habitat fragmentation, accidental or illegal killings, and hybridization with domestic cats. However, phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns of the taxon, though essential to design appropriate long-term conservation management actions, have been poorly investigated. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we describe the most geographically-representative evolutionary history of the species in Europe based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Our results clearly show that the European wildcat genetic variability was mainly originated during Pleistocene climatic oscillations and successively modeled by both historical natural gene flow among wild lineages and more recent wild x domestic anthropogenic hybridization events. Abstract Disentangling phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns is fundamental to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of taxa and assess their actual conservation status. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, the most exhaustive biogeographic history of European wildcat (Felis silvestris) populations was reconstructed by typing 430 European wildcats, 213 domestic cats, and 72 putative admixed individuals, collected across the entire species' distribution range, at a highly diagnostic portion of the mitochondrial ND5 gene. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses identified two main ND5 lineages (D and W) roughly associated with domestic and wild polymorphisms. Lineage D included all domestic cats, 83.3% of putative admixed individuals, and also 41.4% of wildcats; these latter mostly showed haplotypes belonging to sub-clade Ia, that diverged about 37,700 years ago, long pre-dating any evidence for cat domestication. Lineage W included all the remaining wildcats and putative admixed individuals, spatially clustered into four main geographic groups, which started to diverge about 64,200 years ago, corresponding to (i) the isolated Scottish population, (ii) the Iberian population, (iii) a South-Eastern European cluster, and (iv) a Central European cluster. Our results suggest that the last Pleistocene glacial isolation and subsequent re-expansion from Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean glacial refugia were pivotal drivers in shaping the extant European wildcat phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns, which were further modeled by both historical natural gene flow among wild lineages and more recent wild x domestic anthropogenic hybridization, as confirmed by the finding of F. catus/lybica shared haplotypes. The reconstructed evolutionary histories and the wild ancestry contents detected in this study could be used to identify adequate Conservation Units within European wildcat populations and help to design appropriate long-term management actions.


DP is a top-down theorem prover for supernormal or Poole-type defaults. Axioms and defaults can be arbitrary clauses, i.e. it supports disjunctions and (real) classical negation. Multiple disjunctions can be handled credulously, skeptically, and carefully. In skeptical mode, the expressivity of supernormal defaults corresponds to variable circumscription. The system is based on model elimination, implemented in a way very similar to Prolog interpreters. It is quite efficient in comparison with meta-interpreters. DP is freely avialable via ftp (currently only in binary form). Version 0.3 is still limited with respect to the type system and the user interface, but it is at least sufficent for classroom demonstrations. We plan to further develop DP to make it a powerful tool for real applications.


Osteoid osteomas are small, benign osteoblastic lesions. Ethmoid bone osteoma has been very rarely reported. We report a rare case of osteoma of ethmoid sinus with orbital extension, in a 14-year-old boy. Excision of the tumor was conducted via external ethmoidectomy approach. Post-operative period was uneventful. Bibliographic Information of this article: [Rupa Maharjan, Prakash Adhikari, Bibhu Pradhan, NarmayaThapa. Ethmoidal osteoid osteoma with orbital extension in a 14 years old boy. Electronic Physician, 2012;4(1):448-450]. (ISSN: 2008-5842). http://www.ephysician.ir


This study provides various information on the concentrations and solubilities of many metal ions in the atmosphere around Mt. Lushan, southern China. Since air pollution in China has been an important issue which can affect air quality not only in China, but also in other parts in East Asia due to the long-range transport. Thus, I think that this study is worth publishing to reveal information of the metal ions in fine particulate matters in the atmosphere in East Asia.


A field experiment was conducted at College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (India) to assess the association and interrelationship of various growth and yield attributing traits that determine seed yield of sesamum. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with four replications and nine treatments viz., T1: sole sesamum, T2: sole sesamum (Paired rows at 30-60 cm), T3: sole sesamum (Paired rows at 30-30-75 cm), T4: sole green gram, T5: sole cowpea, T6: sesamum + green gram (paired 2:1), T7: sesamum + green gram (paired 3:2), T8: sesamum + cowpea (paired 2:1) and T9: sesamum + cowpea (paired 3:2). Results showed that seed yield of sesamum was significantly affected and positively correlated with growth characters viz., number of branches/plants at 45 DAS (r=0.656**), harvest (r=0.545**), dry matter accumulation at 45 DAS (r=0.687**) and harvest (r=0.553**). Various yield attributing traits viz., number of capsules/plants (r=0.671**), capsule length (r=0.618**), number of seeds/capsules (r=0.672**) and test weight (r=0.704**) significantly influenced the seed yield of sesamum. Sesamum equivalent yield was also significantly and positively correlated with available N, P and K status of soil. Regression studies indicated that the yield variations in seed yield of sesamum due to yield attributes to a great extent (80 to 98%). Overall, it can be concluded that better growth and yield attributing traits caused significant and positive improvement in seed yield of sesamum as well as its equivalent yield.


We detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA against all major VOCs in milk out to 6 weeks after D2 of BNT162b2. These likely confer some protection to the breastfed infants, who are ineligible for vaccination and are at risk of severe COVID-19. However, we detected significantly reduced milk IgA binding to VOCs, including the globally dominant Delta variant, suggesting reduced protection for breastfeeding infants. Additionally, these antibodies were significantly reduced by as early as 4-6 weeks after D2.


Single chambered microbial fuel cell (sMFC) could be used for wastewater treatment as well as to generate electricity. Bioelectrochemical treatment of synthetic acetate based wastewater with simultaneous power generation was studied in tubular type air cathode sMFC. In order to improve the efficacy of MFC, three different anodic systems were considered such as graphite granules with graphite rod as anodic current collector (GGR), graphite granules packed in stainless steel (SS-304) sock net as current collector (GGSN) and graphite plate (GP) as anode. Highest power densities of 1.59 W/m 3 and 2.03 W/m 3 at the maximum current density of 5.86 A/m 3 and 7.56 A/m 3 were obtained using GGR-sMFC and GGSN-sMFC, respectively. CE was found 36% higher in GGSN-sMFC as compared to GGR-sMFC. Exchange current density and Tafel constant of different anode materials were calculated. The present study revealed that current collector might play an important role in improving power generation and CE.


The invention discloses a calling and data transferring method, terminals and system. The calling and data transferring method comprises the following steps that: a first terminal receives a calling; and the first terminal transfers the calling to a second terminal which is associated with the first terminal. The association relation between the second terminal and the first terminal is used for defining mutual recognition markers between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the first terminal transfers the calling to the second terminal according to the mutual recognition markers. The calling received by the first terminal comprises a network telephone or a traditional telephone. A calling mode that the first terminal transfers the calling to the second terminal comprises a network telephone or a traditional telephone. Through association relations among a plurality of terminals, a user using the plurality of terminals realizes communication operation of other terminals through one terminal which is carried.


Abstract Twentyone anthraquinones have been found in the roots of Digitalis schischkinii (Ivan.) of which the following are new natural pigments: 4,5-dihydroxydigitolutein, 5-hydroxy-and 4,5-dihydroxy-nordigitolutein.


As inspired by the Notion of the Third Age, it is common for people to pursue an active post-retirement later life, such as, through the engagement in later life learning activities. One purpose is to increase the sense of positive ageing. That is why this study focuses on senior education as the institutional context to examine language and communication with the elderly. The main concern is that language is the main tool in classroom interactions and how language is used by teachers to challenge or reinforce certain pre-existing (ageist) stereotypes about or cultural attitudes towards older people becomes an important question to ask. Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) is the theoretical framework guiding the semi-structured interviews with teachers working in senior education to explore whether they modify their language styles to adapt to elderly learners? conversational needs in class. This paper only presents one dimension of CAT, that is, the presumed relations and roles in association with language accommodation decisions. Teachers are presumed to have power over students but in the senior educational contexts, teachers are very likely younger than their students and therefore, intergenerational communication might emerge naturally in teacher-student interactions. In Taiwan, youngsters might perceive themselves less powerful than older people or those senior to them. Therefore, how power asymmetry in relation to the different facets of teacher-student relationships in senior educational contexts could also be an interesting topic to discuss.


A look across children television programs, including open and pay television broadcast; the attempt to describe and categorize that TV programming according to different variables and seek relationships between this description and the daily life of children and their environment; those are the purposes of this paper.


Bathyphytophilus diegensis sp. n. is described on basis of shell and radula characters. The radula of another species of Bathyphytophilus is illustrated, but the species is not described since the shell is unknown. Both species feed on detached blades of the surfgrass Phyllospadix carried by turbidity currents into continental slope depths in the San Diego Trough. The anatomy of B. diegensis was investigated by means of semithin serial sectioning and graphic reconstruction. 'The shell is limpet‐like; the protoconch resembles that of pseudococculinids and other lepetclloids. The radula is a distinctive, highly modified rhipidoglossate type with close similarities to the lepetellid radula. The anatomy falls well into the lepetelloid bauplan and is in general similar to that of Pseudococculinidae and Pyropcltidae. Apomorphic features are the presence of gill‐leaflets at both sides of the pallial roof (shared with certain pseudococculinids), the lack of jaws, and in particular many enigmatic pouches (bacterial chambers?) which open into the postcrior oesophagus. Autapomorphic characters of shell, radula and anatomy confirm the placement of Bathyphytophilus (with Aenigmabonus) in a distinct family, Bathyphytophilidac Moskalev, 1978. As revealed by a cladistic study, the Bathyphytophilidae should be classified within the Lepetelloidea close to the Lepetellidae, Pyropeltidae, and Pseudococculinidae.


Background. We are developing a series of small nonpeptide mimics of host de- fense proteins (smHDPs) for antifungal applications. MICs < 0.1 µg/ ml have been demonstrated against multiple yeast and mold species. Their potential therapeutic utility has been evaluated in animal models of disseminated fungal infections. Methods. Susceptibility testing against clinical isolates of Candida albicans 1.6 reductions in fungal burdens that exceeded the limit of detection. Conclusion. The high antifungal potency, low cytotoxicity and robust in vivo efficacy study clinical development. Background. (CFDC) is a novel cephalosporin with siderophore structure, characterized by transportation through siderophore receptor on outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and structural stability against beta-lactamase. The antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo . In this study, we aimed to elucidate the in vivo efficacy of CFDC using ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) mouse model.


Raster-stereography is a 3D surface topography technique that provides height and curvature information of the subject. This is a non-contact, non-invasive, and radiation-free technique that is mostly used to analyze the back shape of a human body. The most practical aspect of raster-stereography is ease in its apparatus setup and reduced exposure to x-rays. Another very important and effective application is to identify the human faces that can be used in security domain. The problem of breaking lines was observed while traversing the distorted raster pattern on the human body. These breaks in raster pattern increased significantly when projected on the face. Computationally, it becomes difficult to extract all valid curvatures of the human face. This problem was resolved using a modified dotted raster, and the noise effect was reduced substantially. The dotted raster technique proved that it is by far the best option when compared with the conventional line grid.


The research was conducted to improve student learning achievement in economic subject by using the active debate method of Class X student of Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta academic year 2018/2019. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The study was conducted in two cycles each cycle consisting of planning, execution, observation, and reflection the actions taken. The subjects of the study were students of Class X IPS SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta academic year 2018/2019. Which amounted to 21 students. The source of data comes from teachers and learners. The main technique in collecting data using documentation, observation and test, while supporting techniques using quantitative analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the application of active debate methods can improve learning achievementof learners in the subject of economic class X IPS in SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta academic year 2018/2019. This is evidenced by the increase of students learning achievement in the pre cycle of students who reached the KKM as much as 47,62 with an average score of 72,44 increased to 81% with an average score of 76,44 in the first cycle and students who reached the KKM of 100% with an average value of 81,19 on cycle II. The conclusion of this research is the application of active debate learning models can improve student achievement of class X IPS SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Surakarta academic year 2018/2019.


Mechanical, dynamic mechanical and electrical properties of electron beam modified ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in presence of trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate (TMPTMA) and triallyl cyanurate (TAC) as sensitizer have been described. The tensile strength of the TMPTMA modified EVA increases with increase in radiation dose up to a certain level due to the development of network structure, while it does not change significantly for the TAC based system due to poor stress transfer. The tensile strength deteriorates sharply at higher radiation doses because of the predominating effect of breakdown of the network structure. However, the tensile strength changes marginally with TMPTMA level and decreases with an increase in TAC level. DMTA studies indicate mainly two transitions (namely γ and α) in the order of increasing temperature for both TMPTMA and TAC based samples. The γ-transition temperature shifts to higher values and the α-transition shifts to lower values with an increase in radiation dose due to modification of the main chain and to a decrease in crystallinity. Dielectric analysis shows a sharp transition at around -20°C for all uncured and cured samples due to movement of the highly polar acetate groups present in EVA. The loss factor decreases sharply at high temperature with increase in radiation dose due to crosslinking.


The article reveals one of a monodromy matrix constructing methods, reveals the essence of the simplest construction and calculation such matrix. This method is used to build a actuator mathematical model, which can be used to study transients and steady-state processes.


Abstract The physical properties and dynamical behavior of Broad Absorption Line (BAL) outflows are crucial themes in understanding the connections between galactic centers and their hosts. FeLoBALs (identified with the presence of low-ionization Fe II BALs) are a peculiar class of quasar outflows that constitute ~ 1% of the BAL population. With their large column densities and apparent outflow kinetic luminosities, FeLoBALs appear to be exceptionally powerful and are strong candidates for feedback in galaxy evolution. We conducted variability studies of 12 FeLoBAL quasars with emission redshifts 0.69 ≤ z ≤ 1.93, spanning both weekly and multi-year timescales in the quasar's rest frame. We detected absorption-line variability from low-ionization species (Fe II, Mg II) in four of our objects, with which we established a representative upper limit for the distance of the absorber from the supermassive black hole (SMBH) to be ~20 parsecs. Our goals are to understand the mechanisms producing the variability (e.g. ionization changes or gas traversing our line of sight) and place new constraints on the locations, structure, and kinetic energies of the outflows.


Traditional campus management is facing problems such as high cost, difficult maintenance, low efficiency, energy waste and so on. The construction of smart campus is the inevitable trend of the development of colleges and universities. Based on the research of intelligent IOT, this paper further integrates the digital twin accurate image and dynamic evolution information modeling technology to build a smart campus management and control cloud platform, so as to reduce costs, reduce energy consumption, improve the utilization of assets and equipment, and make life and learning convenient and comfortable for teachers and students.


BACKGROUND
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently diagnosed in daily practice. This condition is represented by a large spectrum of chronic liver diseases going from pure hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis and its complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is usually associated to glucose and lipoproteins metabolism increasing the cardiovascular risk.

AIM
To review new advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiological links between NAFLD and cardiovascular risk, evaluation of cardiovascular risk in this special situation and the different therapeutics proposed.

METHODS
Systematic review of the literature using medical data bases (Medline) with the following key words: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome.

RESULTS
We'll report pathophysiological links between NAFLD and cardiovascular risk, propose an evaluation of cardiovascular risk in this special situation and expose a therapeutic strategy.

CONCLUSION
The discovery of a non alcoholic fatty liver disease should lead to a cardiovascular risk evaluation.


Pulsed electric fields have recently been the focus of considerable attention because of their potential application in biomedicine. However, their practical clinical applications are limited by poor understanding of the interaction mechanism between pulsed electric fields and cells, particularly in different effect of electroporation exposed in different parameters, and the optimal pulsed parameter is still vague. A multi-shelled dielectric model considering the inner membrane was established by the finite element software COMSOL in this paper. Different shock protocols (different pulsed duration/strength/frequency/polarity) was exposed to the cell model respectively to simulate and analyze the influence of pulse parameters on varying degrees of electroporation by comparing the dynamic development of the pore radius and electroporation region. Results showed that the conventional pulses have better efficiency in electroporation than high frequency pulses; The monopolar pulses with cumulative effect have much better electroporation effect than the bipolar pulses which have weakening effect when duration of single pulse reduced to nanosecond; and electric field strength was the major factor that induced electroporation, particularly in the recoverable pore, but it had minimal effect on pore expansion. However, pulse duration affects the non-recoverable pore, such that the high-intensity wide pulse is more useful in the field of irreversible electroporation. The high-intensity short pulse can increase permeability and maintain cell viability. This work done by this paper maybe can provide theoretical basis for further research on complicated cell systems and promote the clinical application of pulsed electric field.


High-temperature environmental strength degradation of hot-pressed silicon nitride ceramics is postulated to occur as a consequence of the properties of the noncrystalline inter-granular phase being altered by cation diffusion from the environment. The model proposed is tested by comparing the strength before and after prolonged high-temperature exposures to a calcium-rich magnesium silicate. Two high-temperature degradation regimes are identified, one in which the intergranular phase alone is affected, and the other, at still higher temperatures, where actual corrosion of the silicon nitride grains occurs.


The hydrodynamics of a slender symmetric body in uniform vertical motion through the free surface of the water has been studied with a linearized theory. Both thickness and lifting problems are treated. In the latter case, the analysis is applicable only to axisymmetric bodies; in the former, plane symmetric bodies are also treated. The analysis being based on successive approximations to the infinite-Froude-number situation, the results are accurate onty when the Froude number is large. After the solutions are shown to consist of vertical distributions of singularities, applications of the theory to specific problems are illustrated. These include the determination of the time variation of the forces and moments felt b}^ a given body crossing the surface, and a criterion for the avoidance of cavitation. Also examined with the help of illustrative examples are the effects of the finiteness of the Froude number, which are the principal contributions of the analysis.


Abstract : The study evaluates multi-slot film cooling using air as an active coolant for thermal protection of aircraft surfaces under conditions of steady-state (cruise) operation at supersonic speeds and low to moderate altitudes. In-flight refrigeration of captured atmospheric air using a turbocooler, as described, is assumed to be the only practical means of providing the required continuous supply of cold air. Therefore the properties of the coolant have been described in terms of the vehicle flight conditions and the efficiency of a turbocooler. A computer program has been developed based on the described analysis which determines the slot locations necessary to protect a surface to a specified maximum adiabatic wall temperature at a given set of primary flow conditions.


We propose a cross-level model to explore the relationship between high-performance work system (HPWS) and team creativity, mediated by creative team efficacy (CTE). Drawing on social cognitive theory, we propose: HPWS is positively related to CTE, CTE is positively related to team creativity and CTE mediates the relationship between HPWS and team creativity. We discuss theoretical contributions and practical implications at the end of this study.


Background: The treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly patient is still controversial. Traditionally, internal fixation using a dynamic hip screw was of choice. Recently, some authors advocated the use of cemented bipolar arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty which results in better functional outcome. Aim: The aim of this study is to find out which of these treatment options can lead to the best clinical and functional outcomes. Patients and Methods: One hundred and two patients admitted to Makassed General Hospital between 2002 and 2007 with a diagnosis of unstable intertrochanteric fracture of femur were selected. Preoperative and operative data was retrieved from inpatient hospital files. Postoperative radio clinical data at follow up visits was collected from outpatient department files. Functional outcomes were assessed with use of Harris hip score. The main clinical measures were early postoperative full weight bearing, postoperative complications and functional outcome. Results: The time to full weight bearing, the rate of postoperative complications, and the functional outcomes was significantly better in the cemented bipolar arthroplasty group. Conclusion: According to our results, we believe that cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty is of choice in freely mobile elderly patients above seventy years of age with an intertrochanteric femoral fracture.


Epithelial Sheet Fusion (ESF), a process by which two populations of epithelial cells fuse to create a continuous sheet, is a crucial aspect of embryogenesis. ESF can be observed in the development of many tissues, including fusion of the optic fissure (OF) during retinal development in vertebrates. Failure in fusion of the OF results in congenital coloboma, a leading cause of pediatric blindness. Unfortunately, majority of coloboma cases lack a definitive genetic cause. This is likely reflected by the fact that the molecular mechanisms driving OF ESF are still poorly understood. This study aims to identify the molecular machinery regulating ESF during OF fusion in zebrafish. To do so, we utilized a well characterized mutant line of zebrafish carrying a mutation in the Pax2a gene. Pax2a is a transcription factor known to be required for OF fusion and has been linked to cases of coloboma in many species. The mutant pax2anoi/noi line of zebrafish display a completely penetrant coloboma phenotype. To assess transcriptional differences between normal and abnormal OF fusion, RNA sequencing was performed comparing WT and pax2anoi/noi whole eye transcriptomes. The results indicated a down‐regulation of hyaloid vasculature regulators. Examining retinal vasculature in Tg[kdrl:mCherry], pax2anoi/noi mutants revealed a significant reduction and malformation of the hyaloid vasculature. Subsequently, OF fusion was analyzed in the absence of vasculature. Treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of VEGF signaling, DMH‐4, completely inhibited the establishment of hyaloid vasculature in the retina. In the presence of DMH4, the OF failed to fuse. In order to understand the mechanism behind the reduction of vasculature in pax2noi/noi embryos we returned to the transcriptomic data and analyzed for angiogenic regulators. This analysis identified adamts1, an anti‐angiogenic protease which sequesters VEGF ligands, to be up‐regulated in pax2noi/noi embryos. As validation of our findings, overexpression of adamts1 mRNA in WT embryos successfully phenocopied the pax2noi/noi associated failure of OF fusion. Lastly, in order to determine the functional role of hyaloid vasculature cells during OF fusion we examined basement membrane remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's) have the ability to degrade the BM. After characterizing expression of all zebrafish mmp's, mmp2, mmp14a and mmp14b were found to be expressed in the OF. Using two‐color in‐situ hybridization we confirmed that mmp2 and mmp14 expression in OF is confined to the hyaloid vasculature cells. Furthermore, mmp2 and mmp14 expression is decreased in the OF in both DMH‐4 treated and Pax2 mutant embryos. Treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor specific to mmp2, ARP101 resulted in a failure of OF BM remodeling and subsequently fusion. Overall, our results show that pax2a negatively regulates adamts1 expression to enable proper vascularization of the developing retina. Vascularization is subsequently necessary for optic fissure fusion as hyaloid vasculature cells provide mmp2 necessary for the degradation of the OF BM and thus OF fusion.