This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the application of the principles of total quality management and the quality of performance of supply chains from the point of view of the administrative staff of Tihama Cement Company. It also aimed to know the extent to which the administrative staff of Tihama Cement Company is familiar with the concept of total quality management and their attitudes towards the application of total quality management and to know the requirements for applying the principles of total quality management from their point of view. The study sample included (48) participants. The researcher designed a questionnaire and distributed it to the sample members. Moreover, the descriptive analytical approach was used, and the percentage of frequencies, arithmetic means, and standard deviations of the answers of the study sample members were calculated.


To the Editor: Most of the contributors to the forum on The Role Of Genetically Modified Organisms in the Future of Food and Agriculture—July 2017, in this journal— believe that "GMO" have particular significance for interpreting the coming agro-food scenario; in fact, the title of the forum seems to recognize that. I believe the opposite is true. The first author, Pamela Ronald, clearly indicated that framing the debate as if "GMO" were a consistent concept is misleading. But the other scholars discuss "GMOs" as if that term had some epistemic value. I will make two points: 1. a theoretical and empirical keystone of agro-food biotechnologies and the related safety issues; and 2. socioeconomic considerations. In both perspectives, "GMO(s)" is a detrimental meme and a misleading compass.


To the editors of the Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, We read with great interest the article "Yield of Screening Colonoscopy in Renal Transplant Candidates" by AlAmmel and colleagues. This study about the results of screening colonoscopy in a cohort of 169 renal transplant candidates over 50 years old showed a prevalence of colorectal polyps of 24%, 4 advanced adenomas, and 1 adenocarcinoma. The authors conclude that colorectal cancer screening is indicated in renal transplant candidates over 50 years old and that the choice of the screening test should be individualized based on patient's preference and risk benefit ratio [1].

We previously published a retrospective study about the results of pretransplant colonoscopies in renal transplant recipients from January 2007 to December 2009 at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal [2]. Any pretransplant colonoscopy in the five years preceding the transplant was included. On 64 pretransplant colonoscopies, 45 (70.3%) were for screening purposes. 15 (33.3%) of these individuals had polyps and the prevalence of adenomas and advanced adenomas was 24.4 and 6.7%, respectively. More importantly, 8 (53.3%) of these subjects had at least one lesion proximal to the splenic angle. Our cohort with screening colonoscopies included 11 patients aged less than 50 years and 3 of them (27.3%) had adenomas, an even higher rate than the overall cohort. No major adverse events occurred; two episodes of bleeding associated with polyp removal were immediately treated endoscopically.

Our results are in accordance with the results from AlAmmel and colleagues, reinforcing the need of colorectal cancer screening among renal transplant candidates, even if aged less than 50 years. It has indeed been proven that the incidence of colorectal cancer is higher among solid organ recipients as soon as two years after transplant, notably in individuals less than 50 years old [3, 4]. The low sensitivity of the faecal immunochemical testing for advanced neoplasia in this population as mentioned by AlAmmel and colleagues, the high prevalence of proximal lesions demonstrated in our study, and the high standardized incidence ratio of right colon neoplasia in post-solid organ transplant population established in a Swedish cohort study [5] provide compelling arguments for total colonoscopy as the screening test of choice.


Abstract Objective. Up to one-third of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in primary care have residual symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. We aimed to characterize partial response to PPIs among adult patients in UK primary care. Material and methods. Newly diagnosed GERD patients aged 20–79 years who were prescribed PPI for treatment of GERD were identified in The Health Improvement Network. Those with a treatment change suggesting partial response to PPIs (new treatment added to PPI, increased PPI dose, or switching PPI) during the subsequent 6 months were identified as potential cases and confirmed after manual review of each patient's complete computer medical record including free-text comments. Patients without these treatment changes were study controls. A nested case–control analysis was conducted using logistic regression. Results. The proportion of newly diagnosed GERD patients with partial response to PPI therapy was 18.6% (1201/6453). Partial response was associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.37), anxiety or depression (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.00–1.31), and prescription of ≥6 drugs in the month before GERD diagnosis (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14–1.78). Among new PPI users (n = 2907), partial response was associated with esophageal ulcer or Barrett's esophagus at initial diagnosis (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.60–6.17). Conclusions. Approximately one in five newly diagnosed patients with GERD appear to have a partial response to PPI therapy. Female gender, polymedication, and a severe initial diagnosis may be associated with partial response.


Introduction: In this study we examined whether females with the fragile X–associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and non‐FXTAS premutation carriers have electrophysiological signs of underlying peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed on 19 women with FXTAS, 20 non‐FXTAS carriers, and 26 age‐matched controls. The results were compared with existing data on corresponding male carriers. Results: Women with FXTAS and non‐FXTAS carriers had reduced sensory nerve action potential amplitudes. Also, there was a strong trend for reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes in women with FXTAS, but not in non‐FXTAS carriers. No significant slowing of nerve conduction velocities, prolongation of F‐wave latencies, or associations with molecular measures was observed. Conclusions: This study suggests an underlying axonal neuropathy in women with FXTAS. However, in comparison to men with FXTAS, the NCS abnormalities in women were less severe, possibly due to the effect of a normal X chromosome. Muscle Nerve 52: 234–239, 2015


Autoencoder is an excellent unsupervised learning algorithm. However, it can not generate kinds of sample data in the decoding process. Variational autoencoder is a typical generative adversarial net which can generate various data to augment the sample data. In this paper, we want to do some research about the information learning in hidden layer. In the simulation, we compare the hidden layer learning of hidden layer in conventional autoencoder and variational autoencoder.


The capacitive field treatment on the wheat grains designed in the Radio Frequency (RF) region is discussed in this paper. The pattern of power dissipation and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value within the wheat grains is determined using the designed model of capacitor and the wheat grains in COMSOL. Major problem in the Agriculture are the pests which infest the seeds, crops and end products like fruits, vegetables and grains. SAR and the power dissipation within the grains are found using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. Result of simulation shows that power dissipation and the SAR varies with the variation in the terminal voltage at the capacitor plates. RF treatments are very effective for protecting the grains from the possible infestations. This methods can also be implemented for post-harvest storage of the grains. The RF or Microwave (MW) treatment is an area of research for attractive quarantine treatment because it is quick and safe, and operation costs are comparable to chemical fumigation. Keywords—Specific Absorption Rate, Power Dissipation Pattern, Capacitive Heating, Capacitive field, RF range, Infestation of grains.


A fast and efficient method is introduced for the protection of various alcohols with carboxylic acids undermicrowave irradiation in the presence of Keggin-type H5PM10V2O40, M=W, Mo.Water is the only by-product of this green protocol and the catalytic system was inefficient in the absence of heteropoly acid catalyst.


We present the first-principles calculations of MPc molecules having the magnetic moment. Some of these molecules contain the magnetic 3d-metal atom (MnPc, FePc, and CoPc), whereas others have the non-magnetic metal atom with an odd number of electrons (CuPc, AgPc, and GaPc). Calculations show that the density functional theory greatly decreases the HOMO-LUMO gap and the spin-splitting energy, comparing with hybrid functional results closely related to the many-electron theory. It is found that the HOMO-LUMO gap of MPc molecules shows moderate changes, while their spin-splitting energy is very sensitive to the localization of spin density and varies very significantly.


Objective To investigate the state of iodine nutrition of midtrimester pregnant women(MPW) and late pregnancy women(LPW) in Beihai City and explore the best time for screening urine iodine and theory for the guidance of iodine intake.Methods Based on iodine catalyt reaction principle of Arsenic-Cerium,urine iodine was measured in 613 cases of pregnant women(including 195 MPW and 418 LPW) by rapid urinary iodine cold digestion method of quantitative detection. Results The median urine iodine was 206 μg/L in the subjects,of whom,urine iodine ≤100 μg/L accounted for 17.78%,and those 50 μg/L for4.73%.The median of urine iodine in the MPW and LPW was 149 μg/L and 295 μg/L,in which,urine iodine 150 μg/L accounted for 50.26% and 26.32%;that ≤100 μg/L was 24.10% and 14.84%;that 50 μg/L was 6.15% and 4.07%,respectively.In high unire-iodine group,the iodine level of late-stage MPW was higher than that in intermediate-stage MPW(χ2=6.140,P0.05);in low urine-iodine and normal iodine groups,the difference of urine iodine between the intermediate stage and late stage of MPW was not significant. Conclusion It is the best opportunity for detecting the urine iodine and correcting the nutritional status of iodine before intermediate stage of pregnancy.A reasonable adjustment of iodine nutrition should be based on individual need of iodine for LPW.


We consider a laser driven nanostructure such a single (SQD) or double quantum dot (DQD) of any shape, which is coupled to photon and phonon baths. These baths provide the basic sources of pure dephasing and relaxation of QD states. We present results which demonstrate that the second order correlation function (g(2)) of emitted photons shows enhanced antibunching features on a time scale where non-Markov signatures are indeed important for a SQD. This latter feature is only observable when the initial QD state is of a superposition kind thus providing a remarkable sensitivity to state preparation. For a DQD we show that the dipole-dipole interaction is the responsible for superfluorescence at very short times when the driven laser is turned offi for dinstiguishable coupled quantum dots. Quantum dots (QDs) are solid-state nanostructures which are analogs of real atoms[1]; semiconductor QDs and macromolecules are seen as excellent candidates for performing quantum information processing tasks[2, 3]. Essential steps toward the implementation of standard quantum information schemes in such nanostructures, include: (1) the identification of the basic qubit (quantum bit), and (2) the application of oneand two-qubit quantum gates in order to generate quantum superpositions and entanglement. Reference [2] showed that (1) and (2) can be achieved with excitons generated using current techniques in ultrafast optical spectroscopy[4].


We show that a qubit can be used to substitute for an arbitrarily large amount of classical communication. We consider a physical system S interacting locally with a classical field phi(x) as it travels directly from point A to point B. The field has the property that its integrated value is an integer multiple of some constant. The problem is to determine whether the integer is odd or even. This task can be performed perfectly if S is a qubit. On the other hand, if S is a classical system then we show that it must carry an arbitrarily large amount of classical information. We identify the physical reason for such a huge quantum advantage, and show that it also implies a large difference between the size of quantum and classical memories necessary for some computations. We also present a simple proof that no finite amount of one-way classical communication can perfectly simulate the effect of quantum entanglement. A general pure state of a two-level quantum system – a qubit – can be written as a|0 + b|1, (1) where a and b are complex numbers satisfying |a| 2 + |b| 2 = 1. Given that the overall complex phase has no physical significance, a qubit is specified by two real numbers. Since these numbers can vary continuously, it follows that we need an infinite number of classical bits to specify the state of a single qubit. This raises the tantalizing possibility that we can use a single qubit to communicate an arbitrarily large amount of classical information. Unfortunately, this turns out not to be possible. It follows from Holevo's bound [1] that using a single qubit one party, Alice, cannot send more than a single bit to a second party, Bob, without the assistance of entanglement. Even in the case where Alice and Bob are allowed to share entan-glement, a single qubit of communication can result in a transmission of at most two classical bits (using quantum dense coding [2]). This is still a long way from the arbitrarily large amount of information we might have hoped for. The fact that we cannot use a qubit to communicate an unlimited amount of information raises doubts about how real the information encoded in the continuous parameters in (1) is. Here we will show how it can be used in an information processing application. The trick is not to require that …


Background: T cell receptor (TCR) peptide vaccination is a novel approach to treating multiple sclerosis (MS). The low immunogenicity of previous vaccines has hindered the development of TCR peptide vaccination for MS. Objective: To compare the immunogenicity of intramuscular injections of TCR BV5S2, BV6S5 and BV13S1 CDR2 peptides in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) with intradermal injections of the same peptides without IFA. Methods: MS subjects were randomized to receive TCR peptides/IFA, TCR peptides/saline or IFA alone. Subjects were on study for 24 weeks. Results: The TCR peptides/IFA vaccine induced vigorous T cell responses in 100% of subjects completing the 24-week study (9/9) compared with only 20% (2/10) of those receiving the TCR peptides/saline vaccine (P =0.001). IFA alone induced a weak response in only one of five subjects. Aside from injection site reactions, there were no significant adverse events attributable to the treatment. Conclusions: The trivalent TCR peptide in IFA vaccine represents a significant improvement in immunogenicity over previous TCR peptide vaccines and warrants investigation of its ability to treat MS.


The key themes related to the provision of services to children and families are discussed. The wishes raised by the children in the project are also highlighted.


In this project a transposon mutagenesis library in fission yeast, assembled in the Bahler-Lab at UCL, is investigated using a 3 state and 4 state Hidden Markov Model. An initially assembled Hidden Markov Model was adjusted to allow for the classification of regions within the yeast genome. Classifications group regions by their essentiality to a cells fitness and growth, based on transposon density within that region. This allows for a genome wide classification and the ability to find essential non-coding RNAs as laid out in the result section. Also a very interesting large region, classified as essential by the HMM, has been identified within chromosome III with almost no prior annotation from the PomBase data base. A region, one of many, which has been identified by the HMM as essential to growth and fitness of a cell but very little a prior annotation.


General anaesthesia (GA) may be requested to enable diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for young or anxious children, particularly when procedures are prolonged, unpleasant or recurrent. The rationale for this approach is twofold - to minimise stress and optimise conditions for investigations or treatment. Despite these good intentions, some children are unable or unwilling to cooperate. Options for dealing with this situation range from abandoning the procedure, to using alternative approaches, to overriding a child's refusal. This article will focus on theoretical and practical issues arising from such a refusal, drawing on both the literature and clinical experience.


This study provides a new insight into the processes which occur when thin film hydrogenated amorphous silicon is subjected to UV laser irradiation in the presence of oxygen. It achieves this by observing the effects of subjecting the films to progressively increasing laser radiation doses. This reveals that an array of nuclei is first created, leading to the formation of a well-defined crystalline network, consistent with the structure of silicon oxide. Further irradiation results in the formation of cone-like structures on the crystalline network, due to silicon-oxygen bond breakage and migration of the resultant silicon-rich material. Eventually the cone-like structures become the dominant features, but remain interconnected by nanowire remnants of the original crystalline structure.


Series Preface Volume Preface Section 1: The Field of Nanomagnetism (J.A.C. Bland and D.L. Mills) Section 2: Fundamental Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures A Survey (R. Wu) Section 3: Exchange Coupling in Magnetic Multilayers (M.D. Stiles) Section 4: Static, Dynamic and Thermal Properties of Magnetic Multilayers and Nanostructures (R.E. Camley) Section 5: Exchange Anisotropy (A.E. Berkowitz and R.H. Kodama) Section 6: Spin Transport in Magnetic Multilayers and Tunnel Junctions (A. Fert, A. Barth and F. Petroff) Section 7: Electrical Spin Injection and Transport in Semiconductors (B.T. Jonker and M.E. Flatt) Section 8: Current Induced Switching of Magnetism (C.M. Edwards and J. Mathon)


Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is associated with higher rates of thrombotic complications in patients with coronary artery disease. High level of PAI-1 has been found in type II diabetes, however, the mechanisms by which platelets mediate thrombotic pathways are less well understood. Methods and Results: miR-30c was especially gradually down-expressed in leukocyte-depleted platelets (LDPs) from patients with pre-diabetic mellitus (pre-DM), non-complicated diabetic patients (NCDM) and diabetes mellitus type 2-coronary heart disease (DM-CHD). miR-30c level in DM-CHD was decreased 8-fold comparing to healthy individuals. Conversely, the expression of PAI-1 mRNA were up-expressed, and reached to peak in DM-CHD. Further analysis found that the total amount of PAI-1 protein in LDPs increased 4-fold~8-fold comparing to PPPs, and the amount of PAI-1 protein was high in NCDM and DM-CHD, but low in pre-DM and control. In luciferase reporter gene assay, miR-30c targets the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of ...


The capability of SEMATECH's Lasertec M7360 inspection tool to detect particles of different sizes and composition was studied on the surface of fused silica and MoSi multilayers (MLs) with a Si cap layer. Particles of Au, Ag, SnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 were deposited and inspected 10 times with the M7360. Tool pixel size histograms were used to calculate the average pixel size per particle category. The calibration curves of pixel size for polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres were used to convert the average pixel size to the optical size of the defects as detected by the M7360. Selective sets of each category of particles then were reviewed by atomic force microscope (AFM) to calculate the sphere equivalent volume diameter (SEVD) of the particles. The contribution of the surface on which particles were deposited and defect composition and shape were studied. Our results indicate that for Fe 2 O 3 and SnO particles, size distribution on the surface of fused silica and MLs is similar and no effect of the substrate was observed. The AFM-measured SEVD size of particles were close to the nominal size of particles specified by the particle supplier. Optical size of particles were found to be larger or smaller than SEVD size for the different particles. In the case of the Au particles, the PSL equivalent optical size was found to be larger than the SEVD in good agreement with the modeling. By using prefabricated rectangular defects on a fused silica surface, we showed that the M7360 differentiates between the PSL and SEVD size of prefabricated defects. The PSL size is smaller than the SEVD size of prefabricated defects for particle sizes below 100 nm.


Habitat characteristics potentially important to nest site selection were measured at 44 wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) nests in a mixed-grass prairie–oak–woodland mosaic in south-central South Dakota during 1986 and 1987. Characteristics were compared between nest sites within woodland and grassland communities and with those of random sites within these respective communities by means of a median scores test (nonparametric). Almost all nests initiated in April were in woodland communities, whereas nests started after the 1 st week in May were primarily in grassland communities. Hens in woodlands and grasslands selected nest sites with concealing vegetation immediately above the nest and placed their nests in habitats associated with high interspersion. Shrubs were strongly selected for as nesting cover in grassland communities. Hens in grasslands selected sites with high visual obstruction (0–60 cm and 60–180 cm) immediately around the nest site when compared with random sites; nests in grasslands we...


this study aims to create a description of the formation of character through boarding school education in students in pondok pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) and to see the achievement of pesantren in instilling the value of these characters. The values of characters to be seen and implanted such as religious values, discipline, intelligence, helping others, honesty and responsibility. Character is a habit or behavior of a person. The value of the character implanted to students by way of boarding school. In this study, four respondents who previously had bad character values such as not performing the prayers, denied the parents, did not care about the environment and wished to win themselves, but after Islamic boardingschool changed the value of the character for the better. The four respondents were two male students and two female students. Planting the value of these characters to the students by controlling, supervising and doing habituation to the existing routine in the pesantren environment. This research is a qualitative research using unstructured interview technique and observation. The results showed that the four respondents experienced a change and already have the value of existing characters on boarding school (pesantren) is. Keywordsboarding;school;character; building; Islamic


We report in situ sulfur K-edge XAS data which show that a small number of very reactive sites are involved in the reaction of zinc oxide with hydrogen sulfide. Such sites react before the majority of the bulk oxide and are capable of forming zinc sulfide rapidly even at ambient temperatures. In situ sulfur K-edge EXAFS also provides evidence for a long sulfur–zinc interaction at 2.71 A during the formation of bulk islands of zinc sulfide on the oxide. Powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on ex situ treated hydrogen sulfide absorbents confirm the formation of a twin phase material of crystalline zinc oxide and less crystalline zinc sulfide, both wurtzite polymorph, as suggested by EXAFS.


BACKGROUND
There is a controversy over the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections in an era of less virulent variants and an increasing population immunity. We compared outcomes in adults attending the emergency department (ED) with an Omicron, influenza, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

METHODS
Retrospective multicentre cohort study including adults attending the ED in six acute care hospitals in Stockholm County, Sweden, with an Omicron, influenza, or RSV infection during 2021-22 and 2015-19. During 2021-22, patients were tested for all three viruses by multiplex PCR testing. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were 90-day all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

RESULTS
A total of 6,385 patients from 2021-22 were included in the main analyses: 4,833 Omicron, 1,099 influenza, and 453 RSV. The 30-day mortality was 7.9% (n=381) in the Omicron, 2.5% (n=28) in the influenza, and 6.0% (n=27) in the RSV cohort. Patients with Omicron had an adjusted 30-day mortality odds ratio (OR) of 2.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60-3.62) compared with influenza and 1.42 (95% CI 0.94-2.21) compared with RSV. Among unvaccinated Omicron patients, stronger associations were observed compared with both influenza (OR 5.51 [95% CI 3.41-9.18]) and RSV (OR 3.29 [95% CI 2.01-5.56]). Similar trends were observed for secondary outcomes. Findings were consistent in comparisons with 5,709 pre-pandemic influenza 995 RSV patients.

CONCLUSION
In patients attending the ED, infections with Omicron were both more common and associated with more severe outcomes compared with influenza and RSV, in particular among unvaccinated patients.


Construction of top quality course should come up to the standard of high teaching quality, base on good foundation, keep to the traditional advantages, aim at the needs of the latest time's development, create a special characteristic. This paper introduce, the characteristic construction of top quality course for preventive medicine we've made in practices in Guangzhou Medical College.


In the present research was raised as purpose to identify how motivational
strategies influence in the speaking in children of good living centers for children,
a sample of Children Center Estrellitas del Nuevo Amanecer Eloy Alfaro parish
was taken, in the form of socio-educational project, because it is necessary to
develop specific competences in children to recognize and rank problems in the
educational field, a field research descriptive is supported, thus achieving to know
the reality of these children, a survey application and direct observation of the
variables, among them, community technical coordinators, community mothers,
parents and children.
For this reason the purpose consisted in the elaboration of a management strategy
to motivate the oral expression through recreation activities in children,
developing the language skills: listening, speaking reading and writing, creating
meaningful situations, with this management strategy the teacher can apply
recreational activities inside and outside the classroom which helped to the
development of phonological, lexical, semantic, syntactic consciences
It was determined that children learn best through motivational techniques of the
oral language since it helps the learning and by means of them the child acquire
the knowledge in a harmonious atmosphere. It is recommended that teachers
apply different strategies to motivate the teaching learning process.


me evaporation of isolated drops and drop arrays of multicomponent liquid is investigated using a novel acousto-electric levitator. By simultaneous levitation and charging of the drops, we can form 2-D drop arrays with drop diameters varying from 0.2 to lmm. Also by controlling both the acoustic and electric field intensities, we can create arrays with different drop sizes and drop spacings. ~is atlows us to study the effect of the interference among drops in an evaporating dense spray. Mixtures of different liquids such as atkanes (heptane, dodecane and hexadecane) are studied. The evaporation rates of those mixtures with different molar ratios of components and different numbers of drops in an array are measured. me drop size and spacing are carefully controlled and varied. A video camera is used to record the drop size change with time, and the diameters of drops are calculated from the pictures. me results are compared with a theoretical anatysis based on the diffusion-controlld evaporation model. work supported by NASA through ~L grant 958722.] ~TRODUCTION In spray combustion, evaporation is the first step in the sequence of all combustion events. The evaporation rate of fuel drops is an important factor in determining the flame behavior and fuel efficiency. In practice, fuels are the mixtures of many chemical compounds of different volatilities. Although the evaporation of an isolated singlecomponent drop in a stagnant, unbounded atmosphere has been well characterized (1), that of multi-component drops and drop arrays is more complicated and needs to be further studied. Some different theoretical models have been developed for multicomponent drop and drop array evaporation, but very limited experimental data exists. By suspending an isolated fuel drop or a 2-D drop array in our acousto-electric levitator, we can study the evaporation of multicomponent drops and compare our results with theory.


Four 5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepines (5a-d), with electron-releasing substituents, were prepared by a Bischler-Napieralski-type reaction of N-(2-aryloxyethyl)benzamides with phosphorus oxychloride in butanenitrile or ethanenitrile. Analogous 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepines (12a, b), with hydrogen only or a chlorine substituent in the fused aromatic ring, were prepared by C-N ring-closure reactions. Cyclization of a dilute solution of N-[3-(3-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]benzamide (21) with phosphorus oxychloride in ethanenitrile gave a 40% yield of 9-methoxy-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro- 2H-1,5-benzoxazocine (22). The seven- and eight-membered cyclic imines were converted into their methiodide salts (6a-d), (15a,b) and (24). These were reduced with sodium tetrahydroborate to yield the 5-aryl-4-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepines (7a-d) and (l6a,b), and the 9-methoxy- 5-methyl-6-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzoxazocine (25). These products were prepared for use as starting materials in ring-expansion reactions through the Meisenheimer rearrangement.


Rapid detection of microorganisms is a major challenge in the medical and industrial sectors. In a pharmaceutical laboratory, contamination of medical products may lead to severe health risks for patients, such as sepsis. In the specific case of advanced therapy medicinal products, contamination must be detected as early as possible to avoid late production stop and unnecessary costs. Unfortunately, the conventional methods used to detect microorganisms are based on time-consuming and labor-intensive approaches. Therefore, it is important to find new tools to detect microorganisms in a shorter time frame. This review sums up the current methods and represents the evolution in techniques for microorganism detection. First, there is a focus on promising ligands, such as aptamers and antimicrobial peptides, cheaper to produce and with a broader spectrum of detection. Then, we describe methods achieving low limits of detection, thanks to Raman spectroscopy or precise handling of samples through microfluids devices. The last part is dedicated to techniques in real-time, such as surface plasmon resonance, preventing the risk of contamination. Detection of pathogens in complex biological fluids remains a scientific challenge, and this review points toward important areas for future research.


Combined with estimation of the discharge fluxes of pollutant sources and statistical analysis of the pollutant concentration,this paper employed a 3D numerical model to simulate the pollutant transport and seawater exchange processes in the Dapeng Bay.The model results were utilized to calculate the seawater exchange rate and self-exchange period,and to analyze the contributions of seawater exchange and bio-chemical degradation to the self-purification in the bay.It was difficult for the pollutants inside the bay to transport out of the bay as the tidal range was as small as 1m,and the tidal current was weak,thus the self-purification of the water in the bay relied mainly on the bio-chemical degradation,rather than on the seawater exchange between the inner bay and the outer bay.Both the water quality measurements and modeling results indicated that the waters in the Tolo Harbor and Shatoujiao were hard to be exchanged and susceptible to pollution due to large pollutant input and shallow water depth there.


Background and objective: Literature contains extensive researches on use of multiple emulsions in a variety of areas such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and health products. Water-in-oil-in water double emulsion (W1/O/W2) was used in the present study for entrapping Lactobacillus casei where balance in gastric system is under influence of probiotics release mechanism. Role of β-cyclodextrin emulsifier presented in the external aqueous phase of the test emulsion was explainable through emulsion characterization analyses (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, particles size distribution and Scanning Electron Microscopy). Cells viability was determined in terms of first-order kinetics and by applying the probability concept and survivability in gastric system was evaluated probabilistically using the exponential distribution.
Material and methods: Three different ratios of W1/O:W2 [40:60, 50:50, 60: 40] were used for preparing W1/O/W2 emulsions to encapsulate Lactobacillus casei into the inner phase with using β-cyclodextrin emulsifier. Dynamic light scattering was used for determination of emulsion particle size. Presence of the functional groups was detected using infrared spectroscopy and recording the relevant peaks in the region of 4000 to 400 cm-1. The differential equation for first-order kinetic (dx/dt = kx) was used for the cells viability determination. Exponential probability distribution in terms of failure time (reflection of the cells not being able to be released) was also used in this study (f(t) = λe-λt).
Results and conclusion: By preparation of gastric environment in terms of the bile salts and in a pH-controlled media, viability of the encapsulated cells was monitored and the following expression for the first-order rate constant was obtained for the test emulsions (k(60:40) < k(50:50) < k(40:60)). Emulsification appears to be feasible industrially since the composition of the emulsions used for Lactobacillus casei entrapment was entirely edible.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.


The nationa11y-govemed examinations for certification of a11ied hea1th professions in Korea have been continued for thirty three years. During that time, there were a lot of managerial improvements in carrying out the examinations, for example, the looking-over the papers converted from manual method to computerized one. Nevertheless, the overa11 as야cts of item management in the national examinations are still remained as obsolete sty le. In some developed countries they have already tried or adopted computerized system in making Questions, executing item analysis, developing item banking, and in overall management of examinations, looking over papers for their national licensure examinations, and have established good reputations. Since the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board was established in 1998, now we can expect there would be a lots of improvements in the managerial systems and organizational structures associated with the national licensinR examinations sURRestinR followinRs ,


The concept of convolution is applied to investigate some subordination results for the normalized analytic functions whose first derivative belongs to the class of the tilted Caratheodory functions. The sharp radius of starlikeness of order $\alpha$ of  the product of two normalized analytic functions satisfying certain specified conditions is computed. In addition, the various sharp radii constants such as the radius of lemniscate of Bernoulli starlikeness, radius of parabolic starlikeness and several other radius constants of product of two normalized analytic functions are also determined. Relevant connections of our results with the existing results are also pointed out.


Ever since Incaparina was introduced by the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) more than twenty years ago, it has received widespread recognition, but it has also been subject to much misunderstanding concerning its origins, nature, purpose, and degree of success. The article by Robert Wise that follows is the first systematic study of Incaparina distribution and utilization, and provides some clues as to both the limitations of such a programme and how the success of a project of this type might be enhanced. Incaparina was always a generic concept, not a specific formula. As described in the registration of its name as a trade mark in a number of countries, it is ". . .a mixture of predominantly vegetable protein origin having a nutritional value similar to that of milk and suitable for the mixed feeding of infants and young children." After experimentation with various formulas, the first one tested in children was " Mixture 8" (1), made with entirely indigenous materials: lime-treated corn flour (50%), sesame meal (35%), cottonseed meal (9%), torula yeast (3%), and powdered kikuyu leaf (3%). It was subsequently recognized that it could be cheaper and more practical to supply vitamin A in synthetic form and that the additional foreign exchange cost of doing so would be negligible. The first mixture recommended for commercial production was "Mixture 9" (2), made of corn flour (29%), sorghum (29%), cottonseed flour (38%), torula yeast (3%), and CaCO3 (1%). 4,500 IU of vitamin A (500,000 USP units per gram, HoffmanLaRoche Inc., Nutley, N.J.) were added to each 100 grams of the dry product. Alternate formulas were developed with soy, peanut, and sesame as alternate vegetable protein sources and with rice as the cereal component to permit adjustment of the formula to local ingredient costs and taste preferences. There was no attempt to patent any of these formulas, but rather to stimulate the production of similar mixtures to suit local communities in other developing countries, utilizing local names. The name Incaparina was registered as a trade mark to ensure INCAP's control of quality and price policy, and to prevent exploitation of its name. INCAP's hope was that the principle would be widely copied and that its own research would facilitate the development of locally appropriate formulas for developing countries in other areas and regions. There was never any claim or expectation that a commercially produced and marketed vegetable mixture could "solve" the problem of protein-calorie malnutrition in Guatemala or any other country. This could only be realized through an increase in income among the groups in need, or by effective programmes of subsidized distribution. There was, however, a need for a weaning food that could be recommended for malnourished mothers and children in a country where milk was too costly and in short supply. It was considered that, given the role of cow's milk in child nutrition in the US and most other industrialized countries, it would be the height of arrogance to deny developing countries the benefits of a nutritionally comparable food at the lowest practical cost. The objective, then, was to provide a beverage with the nutritional equivalent of milk in a culturally acceptable form at as low a cost as) possible for the benefit of a sector of the population with modest purchasing power, leaving to other programmes the problem of reaching that part of the population unable to purchase weaning foods. In the 1960s, several reports described Incaparina as failing and about to disappear, but the fact is that commercial sales have increased each year in Guatemala, to the point where a modern factory produces an average of 500,000 to 600,000 pounds per month. Incaparina was sold in Colombia from 1962 to 1971 and was discontinued by the US company producing it only when two locally named equivalents, one of them Colombiharina developed by the National Institute of Nutrition, became available and reduced the profitability of the Incaparina product. Initially, however, Incaparina Food and nutrition policy


Aim of the study: to compare between two different denture base materials regarding their effect on the retention of complete dentures in patients with severely resorbed lower edentulous ridges. Material m each patient received three types of lower dentures to use it for four months, in addition to one week in between as a washing period before wearing the new one. Denture bases classified into three groups, heat cured acrylic resin denture base (Group I), heat cured acrylic resin denture base where the lower denture was lined by soft liner material (Group II) and a combination base of heat cured acrylic resin and Co-Cr denture base (Group III). Retention was evaluated after one month and three months from dentures delivery. Results: the results of this study revealed that a significant differences between group I,group II and group III denture bases during the follow up study period after one month, and non-significant differences between group I, group II and group III denture bases during the follow up study period after three months. Conclusion: from this study it is concluded that the Co-Cr denture base and Conventional heat cure acrylic resin denturebase lined with soft liner material could be used as alternative treatment modalities to conventional heat cure acrylic resin denture bases in complete edentulous cases suffering from severely resorbed lower ridges.


Image stitching with large parallax has long been an important and challenging issue in computer graph and vision. Most studies focused on finding the best-fitting homography to align and seam the input images. Images with large parallax can not be mapped over the whole overlapping regions or aircrafts like ghosting and distortion may occur. In this paper, We combine the global 2D homography method with local warping based on mesh optimization. Instead of finding the best-fitting mapping relationships among input images, we align them loosely by SIFT feature points, and then refine the local areas with mesh optimization. Four constraints are considered during local warping, including the matching error, regular error, scale error and linearity error. Finally, for the image sequence, a tree-structure stitching method is proposed to reduce the accumulated error during the continuous aligning and seaming. The comparison experiments show that, our parallax-tolerant image stitching based on mesh optimization can handle parallax well.


Long time exposure or long time exercise with large intensity in high temperature may lead the damage of the microstructure of the brain and the immunity fuction.The mechanism consists of the high temperature and the metabolism of free radical,PLA2,AA and NO.The inhibition of the immunity function may be directly related to the damage of the brain.


8-Phenyl, 8-(p-methoxyphenyl) and 8-(p-chlorophenyl)-7-hydroxyxanthine were synthesized by ring closure of 6-amino-5-nitrosouracil with benzaldehyde, p-methoxybenzaldehyde and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, respectively. The disproportionation of these products to the corresponding 8-phenylxanthines and 6-amino-5-nitrosouracil was studied. The dependence of the rate of the reaction on the various substituents was studied. The disproportionation reaction is inhibited by the polarophilic ethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and enhanced by phosphate.


OBJECTIVE To prepare Meloxicam Tablets and determine the content and the dissolution of Meloxicam Tablets.METHODS Three factors including alkalizing agents,disintegrants and binders,which distinctly affected tablets quality,was selected for tablet according to orthogonal test by determining dissolution.The content and the dissolution of the experimental preparation were determined by UV.RESULTS The optimal formulation was sodium citrate 20mg,PVP-K30 18mg,CPVP 12mg per tablets.The linear range was 1.96~19.6 μg·mL-1;Average recovery was 9.84%;RSD was 0.81%.Release rate of meloxicam in tablets was up to 75% in 45 minutes,which is similar to the reference tablets Mobic.CONCLUSION The experimental formulation was feasible and stable,which can accord with quality control.


TODAY'S NEXT-GENERATION tablets are small and light, they're relatively inexpensive, they have a long battery life, and, with exponential growth in applications, they can do just about anything. Schools may want to get ready now, because if the technology is, as the experts predict, in its infancy, there's a tablet explosion on the horizon. Michael Gartenberg, a technology adviser for Gartner, points out that tablet technology has been in the works for years, but it was really Apple that created the mass market for them. "The iPad has sort of set the standard for other devices," he says. Many other manufacturers--Samsung, Motorola, Toshiba, Lenovo, and Acer, to name a few--have joined the tablet fray, most based on the Android platform. Apple and All the Rest The availability of applications is the main distinguishing factor in the burgeoning market, says Gartenberg: "Most tablets have a pretty good form factor, a pretty good battery life, so it really comes down to, are the applications there? Is the ecosystem there with support for things like accessories and content?" Apple has led the field in terms of app development, now boasting 140,000 apps for the iPad. It's essentially Apple and all the rest, Gartenberg says, and "the rest"--other tablet manufacturers--have invested heavily in Android app development. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Xoom tablet manufacturer Motorola has focused on making sure it "has the right partner ecosystem to attack the market," notes Sheldon Hebert, the company's senior director of enterprise business. "We're working with the textbook companies so that you can leverage textbooks online instead of having to buy a book with your tablet as well. And we're making sure we're leading the foray when it comes to cloud-based applications," Hebert says, adding that this includes enabling students to work with Google Docs to publish a document and share it with their peers for editing. For its part, Samsung sponsors awards and contests to encourage Android app development and has partners that focus specifically on educational apps, says David Lowe, vice president of enterprise sales at Samsung. "In the K-12 market, it's more about the interesting and innovative learning applications. It's about finding ways to connect with the kids and deliver information that's going to be engaging." Lowe points out that one area where tablets can be effective is in working with disabled kids. "The tablet offers capabilities that never existed before, such as speech pathology for autistic children, or physically disabled children. The tablet offers opportunities that are nonthreatening and interactive and that manage to get autistic students to interact where they wouldn't have before." "People are constantly coming up with applications and use cases to completely transform the lives of those kids," Lowe adds. Forming a Tablet Plan With so many new options, and the tablet field changing so rapidly, schools are struggling to come up with a tablet plan. Joe Kurtz, director of K-12 education for CDW-G, helps school districts develop their technology strategies. He says schools are attracted to tablets for a number of reasons: They're more affordable than laptops or desktop PCs, and they're customizable--"Teachers can pull down applications that can help reinforce certain aspects or that can provide educational gains very quickly at the touch of a button." And, because the tablets lie flat on the desks, teachers no longer contend with the wall that's created when students open up their laptops. How to pay for the devices is a big question, Kurtz says. Some schools use grants or special funding to incorporate tablets in targeted classes. Others leverage textbook budgets for tablets, opting for electronic versions of texts that are both cheaper and more easily updated. Still others replace older equipment with the less expensive tablets as part of a general IT upgrade. …


These comprise the skeletal muscles, their fascia and tendons. From a simple anatomical point of view, the most likely of these muscles to be involved in migraine pain (hemicrania) would seem to be the temporal muscle, since this muscle covers most of the lateral aspects of the cranium. The facial muscles appear rather unlikely to be involved in migraine pain except perhaps for the frontalis muscle and its counterpart at the posterior end of the galea, the occipital muscle. The majority of the muscles that insert onto the base of the cranium are inaccessible to direct inspection and palpation. Those that lend themselves to observations with relative ease and which may contribute to headache are, apart from the temporal muscle, the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and masseter muscles. Theoretically, nociception from pericranial muscles could be either primary or secondary to muscle dysfunction. The latter being induced by a variety of factors such as dysfunction of motor control (peripheral or central nervous system), dysfunction of the cranial joints (atlanto-occipital or temporo-mandibular), dysfunction of the cervical column, dysfunction of mastication (other than temporomandibular joint dysfunction), dysfunction of special senses (either primary or secondary to central nervous system dysfunction).


The aim of this diploma thesis is the techno-economic study of two microgrids, one
house and one office, which are autonomous. Microgrids are simulated and analyzed
using the HOMER Energy (Hybrid Optimization Model for Energy Resources)
software in order to optimize them, maximize energy production at the lowest
possible cost, and reduce emissions from energy production to minimum. Νon-
renewable energy systems, renewable energy systems (RES) and storage systems are
used for techno-economic analysis as well as sensitivity analysis .
Τhe simulation of the isolated hybrid systems for the house with use of the HOMER
software, has led to the following conclusions. From an economic point of view,
Hybrid System 1(PV-WIND-DIESEL) is the optimal hybrid system whereas Hybrid
System 5 (PV-WIND-FUEL CELLS) is the most expensive. As regards the unused
amount of energy generated by each system, the Hybrid System 5 (PV-WIND-FUEL
CELLS) uses the entire energy that produces, while the Hybrid System 4 (PV-WIND)
unleashes 56.4% of the total of energy produced. As regard the renewable energy
fraction, the Hybrid System 4 (PV-WIND) and the Hybrid System 5 (PV-WIND-
FUEL CELLS) have the maximum value ( 1 ) while the Hybrid System 3 (PV-
DIESEL) has the smallest fraction (0.725). Finally, with reference to the generated
pollutants by the systems, the Hybrid System 4 (PV-WIND) does not pollute the
environment at all and the Hybrid System 5 (PV-WIND-FUEL CELLS) produces
minimal pollutants. On the other hand, Hybrid System 2(WIND-DIESEL) is the one
that causes the greatest pollution.
The results of the office simulation are similar to the above. This is justified by the
fact that both systems are located in the same geographic area and the power
generation systems as well as the solar and wind potential are the same. Differences
are found in the fact that the office load is smaller and the load distribution is
different. In addition, the office does not work at weekends.
Moreover, we conclude that Renewable Energy Systems (RES) can successfully
satisfy the load of our examples but their technology has not developed to such an
extent that they are economically advantageous without the presence of a
conventional energy source such as a diesel generator. Finally, fuel cells in
combination with hydrogen production and storage, appear to be a promising energy
system as they have many advantages. However, they are economically unprofitable,
making them uncompetitive in order to have widespread use.


Metal organic framework are a class of compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters that are coordinated to organic ligands to form one-, two, or threedimensional structures. Zinc based metal-organic framework have great importance among a number of metal-organic framework, due to their utility for removal and detection of antibiotics in water, detection and differentiation of ferrous and chromium ions in aqueous solution, as an efficient catalyst, as photocatalyst, removal of emerging drug contaminant (amodiaquine) from aqueous solution, in drug delivery, cell imaging and sensing, as nontoxic and biodegradable platforms for biomedical applications, as an electrode material for hydrazine sensing and they also have many more applications.. All these characteristics have encouraged extensive study of the chemical, physical, biological and industrial properties of metal organic frameworks of zinc. So this review article provides a comprehensive overview of synthesis and most of the persists application of metal organic framework of zinc. Keywords— Zn-Metal organic framework, Application of Zn-Metal organic framework.


A re-description and new records of Onthophagus viriditinctus Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini), an uncommon species from Iran, are provided. The taxonomic position and some nomenclatural problems are discussed. The placement in the subgenus Exonthophagus Kabakov, 2006 is proposed. Images of the male, female, aedeagus and drawings of lamella copulatrix of Onthophagus viriditinctus and Onthophagus haroldi Ballion, 1871, the only other species included in the subgenus, are supplied. A key for distinguishing the two species is provided.


Education fairness does not merely refer to equal education opportunities for everyone, it also demands that the same quality as in other schools in the education process. Teachers in schools for children of rural migrant workers play a key role in the realization of education fairness in the education process, and the improvement of teachers'quality needs the involvement of and the help from the schools concerned, the government, and our society at large.


The notification and reporting systems collect information on incidents that occur in hospitals and other sites where medical care is provided. These systems, which entail other components of patient safety, are uneven and diverging, with different events entered. Differences in geographic location, language and culture have motivated the World Health Organization to develop the International Patient Safety Classification with the intention of facilitating the international reporting and exchange of information and comparison between institutions. This article describes how the strength thereof has been orientated towards learning and sharing information on the root causes and best practices for prevention, as well as towards the acknowledgment and transparent communication of adverse events.


Excited-state diffusion-influenced reversible reaction, A*+B⇄C*, is investigated in three dimensions by suitably modifying the Brownian dynamics simulation algorithm of Edelstein and Agmon [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 5396 (1993)] which requires the exact Green functions of the geminate system. The proposed simulation algorithm is based on using the mixed look-up tables. For the excited bound state, the unimolecular decay is coupled to the reactive movement and its trajectory can be calculated with the aid of the excited-state look-up table. On the other hand, the unimolecular decay of the excited unbound state is assumed to be independent of the reactive movement and its trajectory is calculated with the ground-state look-up table. The optimum size of the time step is found by fitting simulations performed for the geminate case to the analytic result. The simulation results with varying concentration of B particles as well as the ratio of unimolecular decay constants are in excellent agreement with the kinetic th...


The invention relates to a monitoring system for personal eye health. The system comprises a wearable device, a user terminal and a cloud module. The wearable device is used for collecting physical and environmental information concerning eye health of users. The user terminal is used for receiving specific information of the users inputted by the users. The cloud module is in communication with the wearable device and the user terminal. The The cloud module comprises a cloud processing unit, a cloud storage unit and an expert engine. The cloud processing unit is used for classifying information collected by the wearable device and the specific information of the users inputted into the user terminal in order to determine eye types of the users. The cloud storage unit is used for storing information on the wearable device and the user terminal from the multiple users as well as suggestion lists of eye health of the users. The expert engine is connected with the cloud processing unit and the cloud storage unit, which is used for generating a training model to correct classifications. The cloud processing unit is also used for selecting suggestions for the users from the suggestion lists of eye health of the users on the basis of corrected classifications and reporting the suggestions back to the user terminal.


Power consumption has become one of the major concerns in today's integrated circuit design, and especially in System-on-Chip development where numerous heterogeneous functions are integrated in a single chip. In this context system architects have the challenge to identify power issues very early in the design flow from a complex set of use scenarios. This paper explains how to achieve this challenge through the deployment of a modeling framework that enables low power technique exploration. The principle that sustains the framework is first introduced. A description of some of the power saving techniques that can be supported together with a presentation of the modeling data then follows. A few examples finally show the results a system designer can expect using the framework.


This article focuses on the problem of identifying and discriminating situations and trajectories (as sequences of situations) in an autonomous mobile robot setup. The static identification level of situations as well as the dynamical level of trajectories are based on egocentric measurements only. Adaptation to a specific operating environment is performed in an exploration phase and continuously during operation. Descriptions and classifications are based on statistical entities of the operating environment (in the geometrical space and in the space of dynamics). The recognition is performed in the sense of emitting the same signals in similar situations or on similar trajectories. Neither a global position nor any other global geometrical description is created or employed by this approach.


In this study, the electrophysiological properties of fibroblasts cocultured with cardiomyocytes were characterized using a novel cell micropatterning system. In the infarct area of a heart, the cardiac fibroblasts are known to increase collagen deposition leading to fibrosis. The fibrous tissue acts as an insulator in the damaged area and thus modulates local electrical signal conduction. This is fibroblast's "passive role" in myocardium signal conduction. However, studies have shown that when placed in physical contact with viable myocytes, fibroblasts can form functional gap junctions and conduct electrical signal. This coupling phenomenon has been suggested as playing a role in re-entrant arrhythmias that occur in the infarct to healthy tissue border zone but there is still little known about the actual involvement fibroblasts have in the heart's electrical communication. Our interest is in designing an in vitro model using cell micropatterning to study and characterize the electrophysiological properties of fibroblasts cocultured with myocytes. In this study we evaluate the hypothesis that fibroblast will conduct electrical signal between myocytes but this conduction will be restricted by the number of fibroblast involved. A combination of photolithography and laser micropatterning is used to achieve cell micropatterning. Polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) stencils, created by photolithography, are used to form the myocyte islands and laser micropatterning is used to form the fibroblast cell bridge connecting the myocyte islands. Various PDMS stencils which varied the distance between the myocyte islands were made enabling us to form fibroblast bridges of various lengths (50 um to 500 um). Dual patch clamp experiments were performed to evaluate action potential propagations along the fibroblast bridge and characterize its electrical capabilities. With our laser micropatterning we were able to form fibroblast conducting bridges up to 390 um. In conclusion, fibroblast bridges can conduct electrical signals over short distances however with the increase of the fibroblast bridge length, signal propagation delay also increased. This conduction delay phenomenon observed in vitro could explain the cause of reentrant arrhythmias in vivo.


Means of polyphosphoric acid 、remove water from azeotropic solvent and phosphorous pentoxide/ phosphorus acid are described. Two adding way of phosphorous pentoxide, i.e. power multiple adding and sustaining releasing technique with solvent dispersion are also given. The detecting methods of phosphate constituents and emphasized problems are stated. Research progresses of synthetic phosphate are introduced in leather fatliquoring processes. Emphatically, in order to further improve properties of phosphate fatliquoring agent, the molecular design of phosphate should be studied according to the multifunctional, environmental benign demand of fatliquoring agent.


Sucking rate is an important parameter for the design of vacuum pump, in order to obtain the accurate sucking value. Above all, sucking process of vacuum-pump is analyzed in fishing suction equipment, and then by means of Boyle-Malot's law, a new equation is deduced, and a new method is improved after analyzing calculation formulas about sucking rate of vacuum-pump at the present time, this paper provides basis for selecting and design vacuum-pump in fishing suction equipment. After using the new formula to calculate the sucking rate, the damage rate of fish is greatly reduced in fishing suction.


We propose a novel power macromodeling technique for high level power estimation based on power sensitivity. Power sensitivity defines the change in average power due to changes in the input signal specification. The contribution of this work is that we can use only a few points to construct a complicated power surface in the specification-space. With such a power surface, we can easily obtain the power dissipation under any distribution of primary inputs. The advantages of our technique are two-fold. First, the required parameters corresponding to each representative point can be efficiently obtained by only one symbolic power estimation run or by only one Monte Carlo based statistical power estimation process. This stems from the fact that power sensitivity can be obtained as a by-product of probabilistic or statistical power estimation runs. Second, the memory requirements for the macromodel are reduced to O(dn), where n is the number of primary inputs of a circuit and d is the number of representative points (d can be as small as 1 in some cases). Results on a number of benchmark circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique.


Category: Hindfoot; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The cavovarus deformity of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease typically presents with hindfoot varus and forefoot valgus. This seemingly paradoxical relationship is poorly understood. Better insight into this complex three- dimensional alignment under physiologic load-bearing conditions is possible using weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT). This is the first study to examine the extreme rotational deformity in the midfoot of CMT patients, and thereby provides a key to the successful operative correction of the CMT cavovarus foot. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the WBCTs of patients with CMT who presented to a single surgeon. Those with history of bony surgical correction, severe degenerative joint disease, or open physes in the foot, were excluded. Scans were analyzed using three-dimensional analysis software (Disior Bonelogic) to generate axes of select bones and their relationship relative to the tibial plafond anterior-posterior axis in the axial plane. The coronal alignment of the foot involved angular measurements of the calcaneus, talar dome, midfoot and forefoot relative to the ground. We reported quantitative alignment parameters and compared the measurements to WBCT of 20 controls. Results: 17 WBCT scans from 15 CMT patients (average age 24 years) met criteria for inclusion. In the axial plane, external rotation of the distal tibia accounted for the varus heel position rather than subtalar malalignment. The greatest change in axial alignment occurred between the talar neck and navicular (26 degrees). The average talonavicular (TN) medial uncoverage angle was -15 degrees for CMT patients, indicating medial overcoverage, compared to +11 degrees for controls, (p<0.01). Coronal plane analysis revealed varus rotational deformity at the calcaneus (23 degrees), a peak of 61 degrees varus across the navicular and cuboid, then compensatory rotation of the cuneiforms and metatarsals to achieve a plantigrade forefoot (11 degrees varus). In comparison, controls averaged 9 degrees coronal valgus at the calcaneus and 34 degrees varus at the naviculo-cuboid level, (p<0.01). Figure 1 shows the WBCT scans of a representative CMT patient and control case. Conclusion: This three-dimensional WBCT analysis is the first to characterize and quantify the axial and coronal rotational deformity in CMT. Axial plane deformity had a center of rotational angulation at the talonavicular joint, associated with medial 'overcoverage' of the talar head, likely from chronic tibialis posterior over-pull. The peak coronal deformity was localized at the navicular and cuboid, which measured nearly twice as much as controls. These observations suggest dorsiflexion osteotomy of the 1st metatarsal would fail to address the coronal rotation; releases through the talonavicular joint may be necessary to abduct and de-rotate the midfoot to achieve a plantigrade foot.


Self-consistent simulations of the dynamical evolution of low-mass satellite galaxies without dark matter on different orbits interacting with an extended Galactic dark halo are described. The calculations proceed for many orbital periods until well after the satellite dissolves. In all cases the dynamical evolution converges to a remnant that contains roughly 1% of the initial satellite mass. The stable remnant results from severe tidal shaping of the initial satellite. To an observer from Earth these remnants look strikingly similar to the Galactic dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies. Their apparent mass-to-light ratios are very large despite the fact that they contain no dark matter.
These computations show that a remnant without dark matter displays larger line-of-sight velocity dispersions for more eccentric orbits, which is a result of projection onto the observational plane. Assuming they are not dark matter dominated, it follows that the Galactic dSph satellites with sigma>6km/s should have orbital eccentricities of e>0.5. Some remnants have sub-structure along the line-of-sight that may be apparent in the morphology of the horizontal branch.


Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of phacoemulsification in treating phacomorphic glaucoma. Methods: We observed 25 eyes of 25 patients who had undergone phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for the treatment of phacomorphic glaucoma. Intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), depth of anterior chamber, management and complications between preoperative and postoperative periods were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean IOP was 49.010.6 mmHg (range: 3170 mmHg) before the operation and 13.22.8 mmHg (range: 820 mmHg) at 36 months after surgery (Paired T-test, p0.3 mm) by the swollen lens, and the average postoperative anterior chamber depth increased significantly by 2.60.1 mm on A-scan. The ratio of lens thickness to axial length factor was 2.50.1, indicating the shallow anterior chamber. Continuous postoperative medical treatment for IOP control was needed in one case, where peripheral anterior synechiae were observed by gonioscopy immediately after surgery. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification is a very safe and effective procedure for the treatment of phacomorphic glaucoma.


Background:Primary immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) is a plasma cell disorder which mainly affects heart, kidneys, liver, and peripheral nervous system. Cases of atypical AL amyloidosis presented as spontaneous vertebral compression fractures have been rarely reported, and data about the management and clinical outcomes of the patients are scarce. Methods:Herein, we present 3 new cases of AL amyloidosis with spontaneous vertebral compression fracture and review 13 cases retrieved from the literature. Results:Moreover, we observed overrepresentations of liver involvement and bone marrow involvement in AL amyloidosis with spontaneous vertebral compression fracture. Conclusion:We believe that better awareness of the rare clinical presentation as spontaneous vertebral compression fracture of AL amyloidosis can facilitate earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment.


Studies on Open Source Software (OSS) developer communities have long stated that there is a relationship between community structure and tasks carried out by project members. This relationship has been exemplified by the onion model, which has been instrumental in understanding self-coordination in OSS projects. Despite its ubiquity, there is a lack of empirical evidence to validate the relative position of each task cluster within the onion model. In this study, we map out the community structure of a large open source project and observe its bug-fixing patterns to explore the relationship between tasks and structure. Our study makes three significant contributions. First, we find no empirical evidence to support the structural location of bug-fixing tasks in the onion structure. Second, we find empirical evidence to support the core-periphery continuum model linking an actor's coreness to problem-solving ability. Third, our results suggest that the importance and location of each task within the core-periphery structure evolve over time. These findings add clarity to the community structure and their implications for the management and coordination of collaborative innovation projects.


The objective of the proposed research is to develop an IOT based security system with a two-point authentication. Human face recognition and fingerprint is a known method for access authentication. A combination of both technologies and integration of the system with IoT make will make the security system more efficient and reliable. Use of online platform google firebase is made for saving database and retrieving it in real-time. In this system access to the fingerprint (touch sensor) from mobile is proposed using an android app developed in android studio and authentication for the same is also proposed. On identification of both face and fingerprint together, access to door or locker is provided.


In this paper, the basic principle of starch spraying technology is studied. The starch spraying technology techniques flow, the equipment of choice and the adverting problem are introduced. The application example of spray-starch in paper making in our factory is introduced.


Let $f,g_1,\dots,g_m$ be polynomials with real coefficients in a vector of variables $x=(x_1,\dots,x_n)$. Denote by $\text{diag}(g)$ the diagonal matrix with coefficients $g=(g_1,\dots,g_m)$ and denote by $\nabla g$ the Jacobian of $g$. Let $C$ be the set of critical points defined by \begin{equation} C=\{x\in\mathbb R^n\,:\,\text{rank}(\varphi(x))<m\}\quad\text{with}\quad\varphi:=\begin{bmatrix} \nabla g\\ \text{diag}(g) \end{bmatrix}\,. \end{equation} Assume that the image of $C$ under $f$, denoted by $f(C)$, is empty or finite. (Our assumption holds generically since $C$ is empty in a Zariski open set in the space of the coefficients of $g_1,\dots,g_m$ with given degrees.) We provide a sequence of values, returned by semidefinite programs, finitely converges to the minimal value attained by $f$ over the basic semi-algebraic set $S$ defined by \begin{equation} S:=\{x\in\mathbb R^n\,:\,g_j(x)\ge 0\,,\,j=1,\dots,m\}\,. \end{equation} Consequently, we can compute exactly the minimal value of any polynomial with real coefficients in $x$ over one of the following sets: the unit ball, the unit hypercube and the unit simplex. Under a slightly more general assumption, we extend this result to the minimization of any polynomial over a basic convex semi-algebraic set that has non-empty interior and is defined by the inequalities of concave polynomials.


The bench-scale continuous biomass liquefaction unit, in operation at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), is described. The feedstock is an aqueous slurry of partially hydrolyzed Douglas fir wood, but extension to other biomass types and peat is planned. The process has previously used carbon monoxide as reducing gas. Under the condtions employed at LBL, 330/sup 0/ to 360/sup 0/C, 200 to 270 BAR in an atmosphere of steam and reducing gas, no recycle, little or no reducing gas is consumed and it has been shown that hydrogen can be used as the reactant gas. Since large amounts of CO react by the water gas shift reaction, substitution of hydrogen gives a substantial economic advantage. It also opens the possibility of incorporating hydrogenation catalysts and integrating the liquefaction step with separate hydrocracking of crude product. Yields and products are compared with those from the oil-recycle or PERC process. The water slurry process makes less of the desired crude wood-oil product (30 to 40 vs 45 to 55 wt %) and more water soluble organics (about 25 vs. about 8 wt %). However, the most operationally successful PERC operations have achieved this product distribution at the expense of extremely high oil and watermore » recycle and large CO consumption.« less


Background: Self-management and support in managing therapeutic regimens is very important for patients with CKD. Information technologybased interventions are increasingly being used to support the selfmanagement of patients with CKD. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate information technology-based interventions in relation to the support of the health management of patients with CKD. Method: We conducted a systematic review using electronic databases (Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest) limited to the last 8 years from 2010 to 2018 with the relevant keywords. The studies included used RCT, pilot and case-control methods focusing on patients with CKD stage 1-5 and that reported on at least one outcome from the health management of patients with CKD. Out of the 7.852 studies taken, 13 studies fulfilled the inclusion


C/SnO2 nanofibers with a core-shell structure were prepared by using coaxial electrospinning combined with sol-gel method.The morphologies of nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the tensile mechanical properties of nanofiber membrane were measured.The results indicated that the average diameter of the nanofibers increased with the increase of the electrospinning speed ratios of core/shell,making the breaking strength and tenacity of fibrous membrane increased.When electrospinning speed ratios of core/shell was at 0.3 mL·h-1 to 0.6 mL·h-1 respectively.The continuity of nanofibers was better,and the nanofiber was uniform and smooth.The surface and the morphology of core-shell structure were obviously superior to the other two groups.The nanofibers membrane had longer breaking elongation.


Production technology in European steel industry has reached such a level, that significant improvements can only be reached by through process optimization strategies instead of separately improving each process step. Therefore, the connection of suitable technological models to describe process and product behavior, methods to find solutions for typical multi-criterial decisions, and a strong communication between involved plants is necessary. In this work, a virtual simulation platform for the design of cyber-physical production optimization systems for long production facilities focusing on thermal evolution and related material quality is presented. Models for describing physical processes, computers, software and networks as well as methods and algorithms for through process optimization were implemented and merged into a new and comprehensive model-based software architecture. Object-oriented languages are addressed and used because they provide modularity, a high-level of abstraction and constructs that allow direct implementation and usage of the cyber-physical production systems concepts. Simulation results show how the proper connection between models, communication, and optimization methods allows feasibility, safety and benefits of cyber-physical production systems to be established. Furthermore, the software architecture is flexible and general and thus, can be transferred to any steel production line as well as outside the steel industry.


To investigate the aerodynamic performance of a flexible flapping wing aircraft, a flapping-wing system were design and an experiment were set up to measure the unsteady aerodynamic forces of the flapping motion. The thrust formula and resistance formula described aerodynamic forces. The lift and thrust of this mechanism were measured for different angles of attack and wind velocities. Results indicate that the thrust increases with the flapping frequency and the lift increase with the wind velocity, while the lift coefficient decreases while the velocity increases. It is realized that the wing's transformation which imitated birds leads less resistance when flapping upward which impacts the aerodynamic lift generation and the bionic winglet leads to a change in the leading edge vortex and span-wise flow structures, which decrease the airflow's backward pull. Models were introduced which were used in the design process and show its aerodynamic performance. The flexible flapping wing vehicle is still an open research area.


The critical analysis of electron accelerators for radiation technologies shows that pulsed high current electron accelerator can be consider as an accelerator with high efficiency. In spite on the fact, that the pulsed high current accelerators are more acceptable for research goals at present time, the attempts of their using for radiation industry are very interesting. The physical concept of low energy (100-400 keV) pulsed high current electron accelerators for radiation technologies is considered in the paper. This accelerator consists of vacuum diode with plasma cathode and Marx high voltage generator. The physical conditions for forming of cathode plasma are considered. The design of industrial pulsed high current electron accelerators is given. The main parameters of two pulsed electron accelerators are presented. The question of applications of pulsed high current electron accelerators for radiation technologies is discussed


One of the most important concerns in Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is to identify required services and their interfaces. Service interfaces are used to search required organization services or developing them from scratch. Web Service Choreography Description Language (WS-CDL) describes the message exchanges between the collaborating participants, defining how these participants must be used together to achieve a common business goal. Choreography descriptions include key information of participant service interfaces. So, they cane be sued to generate service interfaces. In this paper, an algorithm is presented for semantic and automatic generation of service interfaces participating in choreographies. In this algorithm, similar WS-CDL elements, with the same semantic and functionality properties, are combined to achieve a more summarized and flexible choreography description. This choreography description is then used to derive available service interfaces. This algorithm aims to help developers to facilitate, automate and speedup development process of SOA-based software systems.


In this work, we provide motivation for a zero-effort crowdsensing task: auto-annotated ground truth collection for physical activity recognition. Data obtained through Smartphones for classification of human activities is prone to discrepancies, which reiterates the need for better and larger activity datasets. Artificial data generation algorithms fail to efficiently generate quality instances for minority data. In the proposed model, crowd-sourced sensor data is classified by a robust classifier built by researchers ground up. We nominate a Generic Classifier with ≥ 95% accuracy for this purpose. Data collection and distribution models which ensure that the crowd client receives non-skewed, quality data from locations with higher degree of activity occurrence are elucidated upon. Also integrated within our proposed model are Location-Specific Classifiers, which can be utilized by developers to optimize on location-specific tasks. Effective validation of classified activities using diverse sensor data streams improves the proposed classifier systems and boosts ground-truth accuracy.


Aimed at front and puzzle of theoretical investigation and applied research on seismology and geophysics-two-phase media theory of underground liquid,studied seismic wave field character in coal seismic data,simulated and accomplished corresponding software,and reprocessed seismic data,and effectively interpreting gas enrichment area.The forcast result is consistent with the data from mining.


Congress. At first it seemed to me that such a paper would be of little interest to you, as this disease has for many years been almost unheard of in England. Further consideration has led me to alter my opinion, for the following reasons :Firstly.--The only antirabic treatment of any avail is that which was discovered by Pasteur, who might well be called the Father of Preventive Medicine. The series of experiments which led up to this great discovery must appeal to all who are interested in the prevention of disease. Secoizdly.-The absence of any case of hydrophobia in England for many years is an excellent example of what State legislation can do


rial for publication in &dquo;The Reporter.&dquo; To further introduce you to George, we offer you the following information. He has been with ORNL for five years. Prior to his present position, he was group leader for Building Envelope Systems and Diagnostics. Previous to ORNL he was Professor of Physics at Fairleigh Dickinson University. He also served with the U.S. Department of Energy as Program Manager, Office of Buildings and Community Systems. He is married and has three children (one in electronics, two in college).


In this paper, a framework using deep learning approach is proposed to identify two subtypes of human colorectal carcinoma cancer. The identification process uses information from gene expression and clinical data which is obtained from data integration process. One of deep learning architecture, multimodal Deep Boltzmann Machines (DBM) is used for data integration process. The joint representation gene expression and clinical is later used as Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) input for cancer subtype identification. Kaplan Meier survival analysis is employed to evaluate the identification result. The curves on survival plot obtained from Kaplan Meier analysis are tested using three statistic tests to ensure that there is a significant difference between those curves. According to Log Rank, Generalized Wilcoxon and Tarone-Ware, the two groups of patients with different cancer subtypes identified using the proposed framework are significantly different.


Segmentary lineage theory dominated (especially British) anthropology for about 25 years after the Second World War. In its hey-day it was hailed as one of the greatest theoretical achievements of the discipline (Fortes 1953). At that time the theory was applied to describe social structure of dozens of 'primitive' societies around the world. Since the beginning of the 1960s the model has repeatedly came under strong criticism and nowadays, in 2003, it commands little attention. In the meantime, starting in the late 1960s several scholars who had conducted their fieldwork in Morocco published monographs that put the country in the center of anthropological debates on the nature of fieldwork (Dwyer 1982; Rabinow 1977), ethnographic writing (Crapanzano 1980; Munson 1984), and Islam (Eickelman 1976; Geertz 1968; Gellner 1981a). One of the monographs, Saints of the Atlas (1969), made its author Ernest Gellner the main advocate of the segmentary model for the years to come. His compelling argument re-invigorated the segmentary debate and re-focused it on political life of pre-modern Arab and Berber tribes of the Middle East and North Africa. Since then several leading anthropologists have presented widely differing views on the issue and their contributions touched upon important theoretical and epistemological issues of the discipline. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and assess that part of the debate whose participants conducted anthropological fieldwork n Morocco.


The invention discloses an aluminium foil ultrasonic cleaning method and device. The method comprises the following steps: converting a high frequency oscillation signal generated by an ultrasonic wave generator into high frequency oscillation by virtue of a transducer so as to be transmitted into a cleaning solvent, irradiating forward in the cleaning solvent by virtue of ultrasonic waves in a spacing way to cause liquid to flow and produce tens of thousands of small bubbles, and vibrating the small bubbles in the liquid under the action of a sound field, wherein the small bubbles rapidly increase and then snap, generating an impact wave when the small bubbles snap, generating thousands of atmospheric pressures at the periphery of the bubbles, continuously impacting the surface of an aluminium foil piece to be cleaned with continuously generated instant high pressure, and dispersing insoluble oil waste destroying the surface of the aluminium foil piece into a cleaning solution, thus the purpose of cleaning is achieved. In the cleaning method and device, the ultrasonic waves are utilized to act in the cleaning solution, and bubble impact is formed on the surface of the cleaned piece, thus oil stains or oil spots on the surface of the cleaned piece is removed; and the method ensures fast cleaning speed and can be used for improving the production efficiency.


We introduce a family of two-dimensional (2D) topological subsystem quantum error-correcting codes. The gauge group is generated by two-local Pauli operators, so that two-local measurements are enough to recover the error syndrome. We study the computational power of code deformation in these codes and show that boundaries cannot be introduced in the usual way. In addition, we give a general mapping connecting suitable classical statistical mechanical models to optimal error correction in subsystem stabilizer codes that suffer from depolarizing noise.


Oats - is a crop of universal use both for feed and food purposes. Naked varieties are of particular interest in this regard. At grain's evaluating for the processing industry, it is necessary to define such technological grain properties as test weight and 1000-grain mass. In this regard, the estimation of the 213 naked oat samples of different ecologo-geographic origin was done. Influence of growth conditions and varietal characteristics on these indicators was shown. It is established that the formation of the test weight and 1000-grain mass is significant influenced by the genotype X environment interaction (54.3% and 48.2% respectively). The influence of individual factors (variety, year) was significantly lower. The connection of the test weight and 1000-grain mass with the geometric parameters of kernel: sphericity (¥), grain volume (V), external surface area of the grain (F), ratio of grain volume to external surface area (V/F). It was established a positive correlation of index of sphericity with test weight (r = 0.20.0.82) and 1000-grain mass (r = 0.31.0.97). A negative correlation was observed between the full-scale weight and external surface area of grain (r = -0.72.-0.94). The 1000-grain mass largely dependent on the volume (r = 0.47.0.90) and external surface area of the grain (r = 0.39.0.94). The influence of technological parameters of grain on content of protein, fat and starch was shown. As a result of evaluation of collection samples new initial material was identified for breeding of naked oat varieties having high technological parameters: for grain test weight k-8739 (Republic of Mordovia, Russia); - 14683 (UK); k-2353, k-15096, k-15162 (USA); for 1000-grain mass k-14230, k-14364 (Belarus); k-11448 (Israel); k-15225 (USA).


The present study was carried out the preventive role of caffeine (1, 3, 7-Trimethylxanthine) on mercury induced alterations in the RNA contents of an experimental freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens corrianus. The effect on bivalve was studied under five groups. A group bivalves were kept as control, B group bivalves were exposed to acute dose (LC 50/2 ) of mercuric chloride (0.444 ppm Hg ++ ). C group bivalves were exposed to acute dose (LC 50/2 ) of mercuric chloride with caffeine (5 mg/L.). After 4 days bivalves from group B were divided into two groups D and E. D group bivalves pre exposed to acute dose (LC 50/2 ) of mercuric chloride were allowed to cure in normal water. E group bivalves pre exposed to acute dose (LC 50/2 ) of mercuric chloride were exposed to caffeine (5 mg/l) for recovery. From all five groups, some bivalves were removed from each group and their RNA content in selected tissues of bivalves was estimated. The RNA level was decreased due to mercury and increased to caffeine in presence of mercury. During recovery RNA content increased and the increased was higher with caffeine. The rapid recovery by caffeine shows that preventive role towards mercury.


This study attempted to present the necessity of approaching disaster logistics to streamline the operation of disaster management resources in Korea by analyzing the problems and issues of the support logistics process in the process of responding to the Great East Japan Earthquake in Japan. The key issues of supporting materials identified by Japan in the process of responding to the Great East Japan Earthquake are: first, damage to logistics infrastructure itself and recovery period, second, damage to municipal employees and facilities, third, lack of fuel to supply transportation, multiple logistics. As an improvement task, the scope of integration of disaster logistics should be broadly dealt with from a logistics perspective, strengthening backup systems and countermeasures, strengthening cooperation with the private sector, and improving identified problems. It is meaningful to suggest that the disaster management resource problem is no longer a matter of securing and stockpiling resources, but is at a time when it should be converted to the concept of disaster logistics in response to changing disaster patterns.


This paper uses new, large-scale vehicle registry data from Norway and a two-sided market framework to show nonneutrality of different subsidies and estimate their impact on electric vehicle adoption when network externalities are present. Estimates suggest a strong positive connection between electric vehicle purchases and both consumer price and charging station subsidies. Counterfactual analyses suggest that between 2010 and 2015, every dollar spent on station subsidies resulted in more than twice as many additional electric vehicle purchases than the same amount spent on price subsidies. However, this relation inverts with increased spending, as station subsidies' impact tapers off faster. (JEL D12, D62, D85, H25, L62, Q54)


This poster presents an innovative dual-mode medium access control scheme that combines the ultra low power MAC protocol WiseMAC with the wireless sensor networking standard IEEE 802.15.4. Each network device can independently and autonomously switch between the two modes depending on its residual energy resources and the current application traffic. We observe that this approach can reduce the power consumption and the average latency by almost two orders of magnitude.


Tri-state resistive switching characteristics of bilayer resistive random access memory devices based on manganese oxide (MnO)/tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) have been studied. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the Ag/MnO/Ta2O5/Pt device show tri-state resistive switching (RS) behavior with a high resistance state (HRS), intermediate resistance state (IRS), and low resistance state (LRS), which are controlled by the reset process. The MnO/Ta2O5 film shows bipolar RS behavior through the formation and rupture of conducting filaments without the forming process. The device shows reproducible and stable RS both from the HRS to the LRS and from the IRS to the LRS. In order to elucidate the tri-state RS mechanism in the Ag/MnO/Ta2O5/Pt device, transmission electron microscope (TEM) images are measured in the LRS, IRS and HRS. White lines like dendrites are observed in the Ta2O5 film in both the LRS and the IRS. Poole–Frenkel conduction, space charge limited conduction, and Ohmic conduction are proposed as the dominant conduction mechanisms for the Ag/MnO/Ta2O5/Pt device based on the obtained I–V characteristics and TEM images.


Objective To determine the method of armillaridlla water extraction and to study the ratio and the amount of accessories of armillaridlla capsule.Methods Water bath was used to condense the extraction before adding ethanol to abrasive.The temperature was maintained at 60~65℃.The particles were made according to the availability of accessories and ratio of adding accessories.With moisture absorption rate and liquidity as indexes the particles added with starch and dextrin were inspected for optimized accessories and ratio.Results When the amount of added starch and dextrin was 25% of the original drug and the mass ratio was 75∶ 18∶ 7,the moisture absorption rate and liquidity of the particles were significantly improved.Conclusion The results can provide a reference for the process parameters of mass production.


Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations PA N I S F I A T G u id e in e s o n fo o d fo r tific atio n w th m ic r o n u tr ie n ts Interest in micronutrient malnutrition has increased greatly over the last few years. One of the main reasons is the realization that micronutrient malnutrition contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. Furthermore, although micronutrient malnutrition is more frequent and severe in the developing world and among disadvantaged populations, it also represents a public health problem in some industrialized countries. Measures to correct micronutrient deficiencies aim at ensuring consumption of a balanced diet that is adequate in every nutrient. Unfortunately, this is far from being achieved everywhere since it requires universal access to adequate food and appropriate dietary habits. Food fortification has the dual advantage of being able to deliver nutrients to large segments of the population without requiring radical changes in food consumption patterns.


I have no quarrel with the numerical or geographic limitations of Prof. Douglas' sample, especially since he makes no undue claims for the universality of their comments. What I do find disappointing is a seemingly inadequate understanding of the nature of the political process in a semi-totalitarian situation like that of pre-coup Indonesia. Prof. Douglas refers to the apparent political apathy of the students he interviewed in 1964-65. But this was exactly the period when nobody in Djakarta, regardless of his political leanings, was likely to admit to a keen interest in political affairs. No matter what assurance of anonymity a foreign researcher might give his interviewee, there is never any guarantee that contacts with foreigners in an aspiring police state can be kept concealed. Prof. Douglas takes note of the atmosphere permeating Djakarta during his first set of interviews, but then seems somehow to overlook it in assessing the interview data. For this reader, the value of the book would have been enhanced had it contained more about the significant role of student political activity in Indonesia throughout the modern period, thus placing the activities of today's students in better perspective. Nevertheless, Prof. Douglas gets high marks for an original and interesting piece of work and for providing a collection of valuable data not heretofore available.