Almost all of today's practicing psychiatrists have personally observed or worked within a large mental institution. ]\fost have been impressed by the enormity of the problem presented by the presence of great numbers of acute, chronic, and deteriorated patients confined in an arid treatment atmosphere. Psychiatrists, when exposed to these conditions, are often deeply moved and their humanitarian motives are mobilized. But only a small proportion of such psychiatrists choose to work permanently in these settings, and the inadequate conditions continue to be commonplace at this point in the 20th century, despite advances made by 20 years of the chemotherapeutic 'revolution' and 10 years of the community mental health movement. Psychiatrists are quick to respond that they can achieve only limited goals with the resources given them, and that the situation accurately reflects the attitudes and priorities of our society with regard to the care of the mentally ill. Others maintain that only basic research into the causes of mental illness can materially improve the plight of patients. Some maintain that what is now being done is just about all that can be done within the framework of our current knowledge, and that greater expectations are unrealistic. Private institutions offering a high standard of care are often accused of being mercenary, while underfunded public institutions are often attacked for failure to provide a quality environment as they struggle with some of our most difficult patients. In the midst of this argumentation and recrimination, large numbers of mental patients continue to be confined in situations which offend the same humanitarian instincts which 200 years ago gave rise to the moral treatment movement in Europe and America. Few people, on first examination, would say that this problem is a legal one. Yet the law has again been drawn into the interface of social change and institutional tradition. In a movement now gaining considerable momentum, the law is beginning to exert a strong moral influence in psychiatric practice. The legal questions raised are intricate and difficult. These legal questions involve such ponderous philosophical issues as the nature of man, free will and determinism, and personal responsibility. Societal issues are raised and they involve the basic responsibilities of the state, our ability to tolerate deviance, and the nagging problem of individual rights versus the rights of society. Although the law offers perhaps no more final truth in these matters than medicine offers with regard to the causes of mental illness, the law's adversary approach to the discovery of truth and the fact that it cannot ignore issues once raised in the form of a legal conflict place it in a unique position to effect change. Critics of the law's intervention in medical matters point to the fact that the law's extreme focus on individual liberty overlooks some basic psychodynamic realities of a mental illness. Is not a deteriorated bizarre schizophrenic, such critics ask, more "free" in a mental hospital than in a rooming house or on a city street? Is society at large prepared to bear the burden of its ill members? Does not society insist that the mentally ill be partially excluded so that social functioning may continue? Is not the trained medical professional a better judge of appropriate treatment than a legally trained jurist who may have never seen a psychiatric patient or a mental hospital? With regard to the "rights of patients." can we expect a diseased brain to function properly in accept-


A Web-based form-focused intelligent computer-assisted language learning (ICALL) tutoring system equipped with a process-oriented corrective feedback function was developed to investigate the extent to which such a program may serve as a viable method of teaching grammar to Korean secondary and elementary students. The present study was also intended to explore the overall efficacy of two different types of corrective feedback on errors made by students while using the process-oriented tutoring program. In addition, the current research attempted to identify the distribution pattern of errors made by English as a foreign language (EFL) learners across error types combining grammar and cognitive strategies. Finally, the research surveyed subjects' attitudes toward the ICALL tutoring program and assessed its ability to help them acquire grammatical concepts. Overall, the statistical analysis reveals that a form-focused ICALL tutoring system that provides process-oriented feedback may serve to facilitate EFL learners' acquisition of grammatical concepts, and that the majority of subjects think favorably of the ICALL tutoring program.


The volatility of the oil future price is extremely complex, therefore an accurate forecasting on oil price is an important and challenging topic. This paper presents a GRNN forecasting model for Brent crude oil price. Careful attention is paid on finding number of features as input data to achieve best performance for model. Also to overcome unforeseen critical conditions, a crisis index is defined. The results show that with appropriate selection of the training data and crisis index, the model is capable of forecasting oil price in both normal and critical conditions.


We find a limited parallel between lump-sum taxes and environmental taxes. Corollary 2, which extends Sandmo's observation, shows that appropriated corrective revenues have the same non-distortionary effects as lump-sum taxes, the result reducing to the original observation when the appropriated corrective revenues meet the revenue need and achieve first-best efficiency with other taxes set at zero. Corollary 1 finds that when the corrective part of environmental taxes is used as marginal damage compensation, the non-corrective part is distortionary and symmetric with ordinary proportional labor taxes in second-best equilibria. The extension of Sandmoi¯s observation suggests that environmental taxes may be among the least distortionary taxes in the tax system.


The Gomura fault zone is located in the Tango Peninsula, Koto, Japan, and consists of the Go-seihou fault, the Gomura fault and the Chuzenji fault. They run closely (within 3km) and nearly parallel to each other. These faults have different features in fault activity (e.g., mean slip rate, cumulative displacement). The Go-seihou fault shows no clear displacement at the surface. The last faulting event of the Gomura fault is 1927 Kita-Tango earthquakes, while that of the Chuzenji fault is estimated to be about 10 thousand years ago. Cumulative displacement of the Chuzenji fault is about twice larger than the Gomura fault. Clear electrical resistivity variation is expected to be identifiable in the vicinity of an active fault as a result of enriched and interconnected fluid (meteoric waters and/or groundwater) in fractures and/or uneven fluid distribution across the fault because of impeded cross-fault fluid flow. It is expected that special extent and resistivity contrast to surrounding area. It is interesting to reveal relationship among width of conductive zone and futures of the fault in fault activity. Aiming to clarify the above relationship, we made an Audio frequency Magnetotelluric (AMT) survey at 25 sites including 12 sites by Ouchi (2014) along the transect (7km) across the surface trace of the Gomura fault zone. We established the two-dimensional resistivity model (GCH model) along the transect. The GCH model is characterized by six conductive zone (C1 –C6). Region C1 is shallow and sub-horizontal layer. We interpret the layer is caused by meteoric water and/or groundwater included in the highly weathered granite layer on a fresh granite layer by comparing our model and the electrical logging data at the 1300m borehole near our survey line. Region C3 and C4 are located beneath the Gomura and Chuzenji faults, respectively. Former region is wider than latter region. We can say these regions are caused by fluid in the damage zones formed by fault movement. It is interesting that no conductive region is detected beneath the Go-seihou fault.


Even after all this time
The Sun never says to The Earth,
"You owe me."
Look what happens with a love like that.
It lights the whole sky.

Grandpa, thank you for lighting my sky for all those years.
This thesis and my entire masters studies are dedicated to you.
May your soul rest in peace.
Acknowledgments

I would first like to express my gratitude to the American University in Cairo and to the Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations. I walked into AUC as a young woman with narrow goal and I was determined but I was presented with opportunities that challenged me intellectually, spiritually and emotionally. My goals changed and I was taken to places I have never even dreamt of before. And so I emerged as a woman with an entirely different vision and a goal to only live my values and to never stop thriving for what brings me closer to what I believe in. For that, I am grateful to have been part of such an inspiring academic and social community.
I would like to thank my thesis supervisor and academic advisor Dr. Ellen Kenney for her endless support and for allowing my intellectual freedom to shine through my studies and my research. Dr. Kenney constantly pushed me to thrive for more while demanding the highest quality of work. Without her, my thesis would not have been what it is today. I would also like to thank Professor Bernard O'Kane for inspiring me and presenting me with a wider view on academia. Professor O'Kane and I met before I started my studies at AUC and this first meeting was the reason why I decided to join the program sooner than I had planned. This, for me, was a challenge but one that I am indebted for.
Over the past few years I have also been fortunate enough to study under the guidance of Dr. Chahinda Karim and Dr. Dina Bakhoum. I am thankful for they have opened their doors to me and constantly supplied me with their passion and input.
I would also like to thank Dr. Nairy Hampikian for me believing in me even before I knew I should believe in myself. She is always presenting me with ideas that challenge and engage me. She is not only a teacher but also an active mentor who has been supporting me since she accepted me as an extra student on her field trips to Islamic Cairo as a sophomore. Those were the first guided visits where I got to learn about the Islamic architecture of my beloved hometown.
During my first year at AUC, I was awarded the generous Nadia Niazi Mostafa fellowship with the support of Professor O'Kane. For both, I am thankful because this opportunity changed the course of my studies and opened up new horizons that I was not aware of. It was also through the fellowship program that I came to work with Dr. Adam Talib, a teacher who became a good friend within a few months. Dr. Talib introduced me to various fields in Arabic literature and sparked my interest in poetry and travel literature. I am fortunate to have crossed paths with him and Mrs. Marwa Sabry of the Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations. Mrs. Sabry supported my colleagues and myself since the day we started at AUC throughout paperwork, breakdowns and everything else in between. She has always been available and steered us towards the right direction whenever we strayed.
This would not be a complete thesis without acknowledging the efforts of the Rare Books and Special Collections Library, Cairo Heritage School and the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo. The supportive staff, and friends, of the RBSCL were nothing short of helpful. Their patience has no limits and for that I am grateful. Cairo Heritage School and more specifically Ahmed El Tobgy have provided me with much needed documents that have complemented my thesis and helped me fill in a lot of blanks. Interning at the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo is a dream for many. Having the privilege to be part of the conservation team for a few weeks has been an unparallel experience that added value to my understanding of Islamic Art.
 I would also express my gratitude towards my family, friends and colleagues. Imane Abaza, Salah Maged and Natasha Pradhan, thank you for all the good times and for always providing me with a shoulder to cry on. I could not have dreamt of a better team! Laila Zayed, Omar Kishk, Dr. Heba Safey Eldeen, Soha Alaa, Nora Ashraf, Nihal Elkharadly, Maha Ayoub, Sarah Hafiz, Aynour Anwar, Ahmed Abulhassan, Tamer Darwish, Nada Mohsen, Heba Sheta, Salma Azzam, Amina Karam and many more, thank you, I am lucky to be surrounded by your infinite support.
Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents; Ayman and Norma Osman, your love and friendship are everything to me and you are the reason I am the person I have become. I hope I have made you proud. Last but definitely not least, my sister and best friend Shams, no words will ever express my gratitude, for you have been the only constant in all the variants and the Sun to all my stars.


BACKGROUND
The The Neonatal Nurse Practitioner program at The Ohio State University transitioned from a traditional face-to-face program to a distance-enhanced hybrid model providing course content online with campus visits for procedural skills and simulation in 2017. Although the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic necessitated cancellation of all in-person events across the university, the neonatal nurse practitioner students' learning needs remained the same.

METHOD
The onsite experience was redesigned for virtual delivery. Procedural content was accomplished through student-led small-group collaborative critical thinking activities surrounding procedural complications, and other faculty-led scenario discussions.

RESULTS
Students collaborated for a Complications Rounds activity (1-day) that promoted learning about procedural skills from a global perspective including safe techniques, monitoring, risks, and troubleshooting complications.

CONCLUSION
Procedural content can be achieved when in-person learning is not possible. The Complications Rounds approach can mitigate delays or gaps in practical experiences. Examining complications in-depth increases preparedness, promoting greater awareness of harm prevention when these present in future practice. [J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(12):692-696.].


As the author writes, the international news media 1 are reporting that the US State of South Dakota legislature on March 1 (2006) has passed a Bill prohibiting abortions except where the mother's life is endangered (the Senate by 23 votes to 12, following approval in the House of Representatives). The Governor has said he will sign the Bill into law. The States of Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee have introduced similar, if not identical, Bills. The views of Doctors for Life (DFL hereafter), and many other so called 'pro-life' supporters, are therefore no longer to be seen as reactionary as has been the case for a number of years. There is no doubt that the whole scale slaughter of unborn children in America and other Western countries has become increasingly distasteful to an ever increasing proportion of the population. The South Dakota Act will certainly be challenged in the State Supreme Court and may well lead to a further opportunity for the newly constituted Supreme Court of the US to review Roe vs Wade 2 .


Thyroid glands of developing fetuses are highly susceptible to radiation damage following maternal assimilation of radioiodines from nuclear fission or from medical diagnostic or therapeutic administration. The facility with which radioiodine is transported across the placenta assures fetal exposure to maternal radioiodine; the initiation of thyroid function in the young prior to parturition results in thyroidal concentration of radioiodine. Work in this field by a number of workers is correlated. The onset of radioiodine concentration by fetal thyroid glands for a number of mammals is tabulated. Fetal/maternal ratios of thyroidal $sup 131$I concentration following (a) a single maternal administration and (b) chronic maternal exposure, are shown graphically for various mammals. (UK)


There is a need for cost-effective methods to reduce nitrogen pollution from agriculture. Marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves for nitrate-nitrogen pollution in an agricultural watershed are evaluated using estimated crop yield and nitrate pollution production functions for alternative cropping systems. The cropping systems considered in this study included i) two grain corn-based cropping systems; ii) two potato-based cropping systems; and iii) a vegetable-horticulture system, managed under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). The cost-effective potato-based cropping system which met the Health Canada maximum contaminant limit (MCL) for nitrate-N, with the highest gross margin ($6973 ha-1) and lowest abatement cost ($395 ha-1) was a potato-barley-winter wheat-potato-corn rotation under no-till (PBWPC-NT). Similarly, among the vegetable-horticulture cropping systems, potato-winter wheat-carrot-corn rotation under CT (PWRC-CT) generated the highest gross margin and lowest on-farm abatement cost ($680 ha-1). As the Health Canada allowable limit on nitrate-N pollution was relaxed (i.e., less stringent), the cost-effective corn-based cropping system shifted from a rotation involving corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa under CT to corn-corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa under NT.


Oshima National College of Maritime Technology has been promoting the project to reactivate Suo-Oshima town using fund of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for four years. This is a 5-year project to strategically cope with the anticipated future-profit. In the paper we submit the annual report of the basic course of entrepreneur training in this project.


Mobile robotics navigation is an area that has been subject to constant innovation. Possible forms of autonomous navigation may involve visual information and/or odometry. Unlike conventional odometry-based navigation where information from wheel encoders is used to track motion, vision-based navigation performs robot localization using images captured by digital cameras. In the current approach, images are stored in a type of associative memory Sparse Distributed Memory (SDM), proposed by Pentti Kanerva as a model of the long-term human memory. To speed up processing in real-time, the SDM is implemented in a GPU, taking advantage of GPU parallel processing capabilities. This paper describes the implementation and the performance of a SDM in a GPU, using CUDA programming. The results obtained in the CPU and GPU show that parallelization can improve the performance of the robot. Keywords– Parallel Programming, Sparse Distributed Memory, SDM, GPU, CUDA, Vision-based Navigation.


There has been little focus on sleep and its relation to behavior and cognition in preschool-aged children. We aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration in early preschoolers (» 3.5 years of age) and later behavioral and cognitive outcomes (» 5 years of age) in European children.

 We used harmonized data from five cohorts from the EU Child Cohort Network, established by the LifeCycle Project (n=16.444 children): ALSPAC and SWS from UK, EDEN and ELFE from France and INMA from Spain. Within all cohorts, total sleep duration per day and behavioral and cognitive information were reported by parents. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and treated as percentile scores. Verbal and non-verbal intelligence were assessed by the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence or with the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities depending on the cohort and treated as standardized scores. All scores were cohort specific. Associations between sleep duration during early preschool age and later behavior and/or cognition were estimated using linear regression and pooled with two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis adjusted for child, maternal and household information. Analyses were done in DataSHIELD.

 Global mean sleep duration was 11h54 ± 1h00 per day at mean age 3.5 years but differed by country, with children from France showing longer sleep duration than children from the UK or Spain. In multivariate meta-analysis, 1 hour of additional sleep duration per day at mean age 3.5 years was associated with reduced internalizing and externalizing behavior percentile scores at mean age 5.1 years (internalizing behavior: badjusted= -1.05, 95%-CI [-1.93, -0.18], I2: 30.3%; externalizing behavior: badjusted= -2.12, 95%-CI [-2.78, -1.47], I2: 0.0%). No association was observed between sleep duration and subsequent verbal or non-verbal intelligence

 Longer sleep duration in early preschool age (» 3.5 years of age) was associated with subsequent lower internalizing and externalizing behavior scores (» 5 years of age), but not with verbal or non-verbal intelligence. Adequate sleep duration at an early age is important for children's later mental health.

 KG was granted a LifeCycle fellowship.


The invention discloses a spray head structure of a combined 3D printer. The spray head structure comprises a spray head shell. The spray head shell comprises a feeding shell body, a middle shell body and a nozzle shell body. A limiting ring is fixedly arranged at the feeding end in the feeding shell body. The inner circular face of the limiting ring is a conical face and is provided with a sealing ring matched with the conical face of the limiting ring. A spring is arranged between the sealing ring and the inlet end face in the feeding shell body. A first filter net is arranged in the feeding shell body. An electric heating wire heating ring is arranged on the feeding shell body. A second filter net is arranged in the middle shell body. An infrared heater is arranged on the middle shell body. A third filter net is arranged in the nozzle shell body. A hot water heat conductive layer is arranged on the nozzle shell body. The sizes of filter holes in the first filter net, the second filter net and the third filter net are gradually reduced. By means of the spray head structure of the combined 3D printer, the product quality can be improved.


The invention discloses a thermal recovery system of a centrifugal compressor. According to the technical scheme, the thermal recovery system is characterized in that N-level compression hosts are connected with an oil cooler through pipelines; an Nth-level heat exchanger is connected with a cold water pipeline and a second circulation water pump; a first-level heat exchanger is connected with a hot water pipeline; the normal-temperature water is pressurized at the second circulation water pump through the cold water pipeline and enters the Nth-level heat exchanger for heat exchange, the normal-temperature water enters a (N-1)th heat exchanger after getting out of the Nth-level heat exchanger, then enters the first-level heat exchanger after multi-time heat exchange and gets out of the first-level heat exchanger. The temperature of the normal-temperature cold water can be increased to the rated temperature, and the thermal energy produced by the compressor can be effectively recycled.


The paper explores the application of non-touched IC card in hotel's charging system.A charging system with simple structure,low cost and high reliability,based on IC card technically,is reviewed in this article


The finite element failure simulation research of tyres is achived to their main failure form.The stress,strain and the displacement in the tyres are analyzed,and the seruice life of the Tyres is forecasted.


FCC light gasoline containing great lot olefins is a kind of good catalytic cracking feedstock for propylene production.A series of experiments about catalytic cracking of light gasoline and 2M-1-C5= were carried out with the ZSM-5 catalyst under different conditions on the riser experimental unit and the subminiature reactor-chromatograph united apparatus.Results show that the contents of C5= and C6= in FCC gasoline can be enhanced via using the ZSM-5 catalyst in catalytic cracking.Light gasoline is more suitable for producing propylene than heavy gasoline or full fraction gasoline.High propylene yield can be obtained from light gasoline even when reaction temperature is low and the contact time is only several milliseconds.The effects of temperature and flow velocity of N2 on propylene yields of cracking light gasoline and 2M-1-C5= are nearly the same,namely propylene yield increases when temperature increases or flow velocity of N2 decreases.The ratio of propylene to butenes can rise via increasing temperature and prolonging contact time.The coking rate of the ZSM-5 catalyst is rapid at beginning and afterwards slow gradually.There is a greater influence of the coking of ZSM-5 catalyst on propylene yield than on butenes yield.It is beneficial to increase propylene yield when there are more strong sites on ZSM-5 zeolite.


Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment for patients with portal vein thrombosis or tumor embolus in perioperative period of liver transplantation. Methods Eight patients at terminal stage of liver diseases and with portal vein thrombosis or tumor embolus underwent liver transplantation in this hospitatal from October 1999 to January 2006. Their clinical information and survival situation were retrospectively analyzed. Results It was diagnosed correctly before operations that portal vein thrombosis or tumor embolus occurred in 8 patients of 61 patients (13.1%) who underwent liver transplantation (grade Ⅰ: 3 cases; grade Ⅱ: 5 cases). The thrombosis in the portal vein of 6 cases were dislodged and the portal vein with tumor embolus were removed in 2 patients who underwent end-to-end anastomosis. All patients received anticogulation therapy after operations. The post-operative 6-month survival rate was 62.5%. Conclusion Accurate diagnosis before operation, correct method of surgery and reasonable management after operation may have significant effects on the patients with portal vein thrombosis or tumor embolus.


The OAC Union cultivar of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is semi-determinate, has large seeds suitable for food-grade purposes, and offers high yield potential with elevated concentrations of seed protein and oil. Additionally, it displays resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). OAC Union is developed and recommended for soybean growing areas in southwestern Ontario with 2800 or greater crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 1.4 (MG 1.4).


This paper provides sufficient conditions for the existence of pure strategy Nash equilibrium in a class of games of group formation. The use of potential allows for a characterisation of such an equilibrium.


When building vision systems that predict structured objects such as image segmentations or human poses, a crucial concern is performance under task-specific evaluation measures (e.g. Jaccard Index or Average Precision). An ongoing research challenge is to optimize predictions so as to maximize performance on such complex measures. In this work, we present a simple meta-algorithm that is surprisingly effective -- Empirical Min Bayes Risk. EMBR takes as input a pre-trained model that would normally be the final product and learns three additional parameters so as to optimize performance on the complex high-order task-specific measure. We demonstrate EMBR in several domains, taking existing state-of-the-art algorithms and improving performance up to ~7%, simply with three extra parameters.


The star-up of China-ASEAN free trade area will have great impact on world economic structure in the background of economic globalization and regional economic integration.However during the course of free trade,the both sides have both synergy and collision on their common interests and individual basic interests.So,this paper tries to analyze the interest mechanism of China-ASEAN trade liberalization and the conditions of driving trade liberalization.Through analysis of bilateral interests by game theory,this study point out that the both sides shouldn′t over-value their basic interests and in order to promote the course of free trade zone,the bilateral should consider more about their common and long-term interests.Besides,the bilateral can′t overlook their basic interests when design trade policies and make negotiations,but these can be realized only through meeting the counterpart′s interests.So the unique way to meet the bilateral interests is to adopt synchronal tariff-reduction by both sides.During the whole course of game,China,as the responsible large country,can give up partial interests firstly to exchange the trust come from ASEAN,and then establish the leader position in this market game,which is the precondition to realize trade liberalization individual between two parties.


Mixtures of the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and the saponin β-aescin spontaneously form monodisperse, bilayered discoidal micelles (also known as "bicelles" or "nanodisks") in aqueous solution. Such bicelles form below the melting temperature of DMPC when the phospholipids are in the rigid Lβ' state and are precursors of spontaneously formed vesicles. The aescin concentration must be far above the cmcaescin (≅0.3-0.4 mM). It was found that the shape of the bicelles is slightly asymmetric and that it is tunable in size by composition. High amounts of aescin decrease the size of the bicelles from edge lengths of 200 x 300Å2 at 7 mol% to 120 x 125Å2 at 30 mol% β-aescin. The structures are scrutinized by complementary small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron (SANS) scattering experiments. The scattering curves are subsequently analyzed by model-independent (IFT analysis) and model-dependent (parallelepiped (PE) and core-shell parallelepiped (CSPE) model fits) approaches. Moreover, the monodispersity of the samples was confirmed by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and the disk structures were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).


In this study, regional flood frequency analysis is carried out for annual maximum flood series of stream gauging stations in the West Mediterranean River basins in Turkey based on an index flood method with L-moments parameter estimation. The region is divided into three homogeneous subregions; Antalya, Lower West Mediterranean and Upper West Mediterranean subregion using L-moment homogeneity test. After determining the homogeneous subregions, design floods with various recurrence intervals are calculated for stream gauging stations in each homogeneous subregions.


The aim of this study was to compare the long-term predictive validity of the PCL-R for offenders with severe mental disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders and for offenders without mental disorders. The sample consisted of 262 perpetrators who were assessed for their criminal responsibilities. The PCL-R was assessed retrospectively from file data. Participants were prospectively followed-up for an average observation period of 58.6 months (range –138 months), with the first entry into the official criminal records of the National Conviction Registry serving as the endpoint. PCL-R scores were significantly different between the three diagnostic groups. The highest PCL-R scores were found in offenders with personality disorders and/or substance abuse. In all three groups the PCL-R predicted violent, but not non-violent reoffenses with moderate predictive validity. The PCL-R is therefore a moderately strong predictor for violent reoffenses in offenders with mental disorders, personality disorders and/or substance abuse and for those offenders without mental disorders, but failed to predict non-violent criminal recidivism.


1 The rust fungus Uromyces rumicis infects leaves of Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius mainly between August and October, during which time the chrysomelid beetle Gastrophysa viridula also occurs on these leaves. This experiment investigated the effect of beetle herbivory or rust infection, individually and when combined, on the growth of seedlings from August and also on regrowth the following spring. 2 Between August and October, the beetle alone removed up to 79% of leaf area. Rust infection was slow to develop, but caused a decrease of 1 50% in leaf area by October. The combination of herbivory and infection had an additive effect by October, causing a reduction in leaf area of 92% (R. crispus) and 88% (R. obtusifolius). 3 There was no plant mortality. At the harvest in February, previous herbivory reduced area and weight of regrowth by 78% in both species, but infection had a significant effect only on R. crispus. The combined effects of herbivory and infection were additive, leading to a 88% (R. crispus) and 84% (R. obtusifolius) reduction in shoot dry weight, and a 82% (R. crispus) and 72% (R. obtusifolius) reduction in root dry weight. 4 Herbivory and infection both led to a significant, additive, increase in the concentration of alcohol-soluble carbohydrates in the roots. Herbivory also had an effect on fructans, starch, and total nonstructural carbohydrate in the roots, reducing concentrations by up to 26%. 5 Overall, herbivory alone or combined with infection had a severe effect on regrowth capacity and root quantity and quality of both species, although infection alone had little effect on R. obtusifolius. The possible effects of insect-fungus interactions on the subsequent reproductive success and survival of these plants in natural habitats are discussed.


ABSTRACT Design parameters of a building play a major role in its energy consumption. Towards this, we studied the energy efficiency of buildings using the association and dependence of input variables, such as relative compactness, surface area, wall area, roof area, overall height, orientation, glazing area and glazing area distribution, to the output variables-heating load (HL) and cooling load (CL). Bayesian network, a supervised machine learning model, was used to identify dependencies between variables. UCI energy efficiency dataset (768) with eight-labelled inputs was used to make predictions with 10-fold cross validation. The Bayesian network was chosen to identify the most impactful input parameters. Seven search algorithms to determine the Bayesian network structure based on training data were considered to analyze the best-performing algorithm for predicting the relationship between nodes. Among those, Tabu search (82.81% and 81.77%) and Simulated annealing (82.68% and 81.38%) performed best with highest accuracies for both HL and CL. In addition, it is found that reduced heights of buildings will have a very high-energy efficiency level for both HL and CL. Reduced glazing areas will have a high-energy efficiency level for HL. These findings could be used to build real-world higher energy efficient structures.


Abstract A measurement method for railway noise, which yields spectral source levels for rolling noise including three-dimensional directivity information, is presented. Additionally, emission values for secondary sources as traction noise or aerodynamic noise are gathered. The method is based on two microphones and an intensity probe. The latter is placed in a way to suppress sound intensity stemming from the rail-wheel area and therefore allows secondary sources to be measured that are masked by rolling noise in the overall sound exposure. The method has been tested with a loudspeaker placed on a freight train. Various combinations of train speeds and amplitudes of the loudspeaker signal showed the ability of the method to identify secondary sources that were up to 15 dB below rolling noise with high accuracy. In a further step, traction noise from a high power traction unit was identified and the results were compared with array measurements. The tests proved the method's ability to yield input information for complex railway noise models. The fact that the method can be applied at comparably modest expense in comparison with other elaborated measurement procedures seems to be promising for further applications.


Recently, performance-based seismic design and seismic retrofitting have been issued because applying seismic retrofitting to infrastructure and socially important buildings in advance is more economically beneficial rather than taking the social loss after the earthquake event. The purpose of this research is to compare and analyze the effect of the currently used seismic retrofit methods using a steel by applying them to an existing building that has insufficient seismic performance. In this research, seismic performance evaluation for the existing building seismically retrofitted was performed based on ASCE41


In sensor networks, sensor measurements may be uncertain due to the impact of environment and different performances of sensors. In this paper, the cross-covariance matrix of prediction errors between any two sensor subsystems is derived for stochastic discrete-time linear systems with uncertain observations by using projection theory. Based on the linear minimum variance weighted fusion algorithm, the distributed information fusion Kalman predictor is obtained for stochastic systems with uncertain observations. It avoids the high-dimensional computation resorting to state augmentation, and has the better reliability. The simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.


The LEONARDO DA VINCI Transfer of Innovation project CrediCare, which involved partners from Estonia, Finland, France, Germany and Ireland, aimed at the transnational implementation and testing of a procedure for the description, level assessment and comparison of learning outcomes in the sector of health care and nursing. The project activities were based on the toolkit of the equivalence check method, i.e. the Module Level Indicator (MLI) and the Learning Outcome Matrix (LOM). The two instruments make it possible to analyse the contents of vocational learning outcomes and to determine their levels
according to the reference levels of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF). Moreover, the learning outcomes serve as the basis for bilateral comparisons of selected qualifications in nursing. This Chapter examines a comparison of the French and Irish Nursing Degree as well as the results of level assessments and forms part of a larger volume from the other partners.


Four algorithms for finding exact Sum Of Squares decompositions of univariate polynomials are proposed. The first algorithm allows to compute rational SOS decompositions, whereas the second and the third allow to compute SOS decompositions in appropriate finite algebraic extensions of the field of rational numbers. A fourth algorithm allows, when possible, to find an SOS decomposition having just two terms, in the same ring in which the given polynomial is defined.


We report a comparative frozen polarization study in three piezoelectric polymers: one polyimide without –CN dipolar groups (poly0CN), and two more that differ in the position of the –CN dipolar group present in the repetition unit (poly2-4 and poly2-6). The values of the dielectric permittivity and frozen polarization show that the participation of N-phenylphthalyimide group depends strongly on the curing process. For totally cured samples this group has little influence on the value of remnant polarization. The study was performed by dielectric measurements and by Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current (TSDC) technique.


Acidic pH, hydrochloric acid (HCl), the mixture aqueous containing biocidal composition of urea and sodium hypochlorite (NaOC1), a method for producing the composition, as well as killing for processing industrial water biological technology.


Quality of product is the most important aspect in manufacturing [1]. The method for determining quality is divided into post-process inspection and real-time inspection. In this research, we study a scheme to apply computer vision for quality control application.
The scheme is concerning to the development of stereo vision system for fabric defect detection based on CMOS web-camera in a production line simulation. The main
objectives are to develop automated visual inspection system and image processing algorithm to perform measurement of fabric defects. In this research, we divide the system into hardware and software framework.
Quality is one of the most important factors because it is related to customer satisfactory and its interchangeability [2]. Inspection is aimed to confirm quality of the product to set its requirement and standard. Fabric defect detection system is considered as a significant
process to provide quality assurance in textile industry [3]. The visual inspection system integrates lighting system, acquisition devices or camera,
personal computer, image processing software, and handling equipment Suitable lighting condition plays a vital role in an inspection system [4]. Then, the image enters the
software to be analyzed and processed. Although most of typical camera is sensitive to the environment, then it would be necessary to control the lighting condition. The
lighting condition can be controlled using dimmer control based on the requirement of product being observed.


BACKGROUND
People with mental illness suffer excess mortality due to physical illnesses.

AIMS
To investigate the association between mental illness and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) hospital admissions, revascularisation procedures and deaths.

METHOD
A population-based record-linkage study of 210 129 users of mental health services in Western Australia during 1980-1998. IHD mortality rates, hospital admission rates and rates of revascularisation procedures were compared with those of the general population.

RESULTS
IHD (not suicide) was the major cause of excess mortality in psychiatric patients. In contrast to the rate in the general population, the IHS mortality rate in psychiatric patients did not diminish over time. There was little difference in hospital admission rates for IHD between psychiatric patients and the general community, but much lower rates of revascularisation procedures with psychiatric patients, particularly in people with psychoses.

CONCLUSIONS
People with mental illness do not receive an equitable level of intervention for IHD. More attention to their general medical care is needed.


In this study, the flora of the weeds, which is one of the most important factors adversely affecting agricultural production in Eskisehir and environs, was investigated. In the study area, 75 genera, 91 species and subspecies belonging to 32 families were determined. The Asteraceae (Compositae)family was found to have the largest number of taxa in the study area. Phytogeographical distribution of plants shows that the most commonly found element was Irano-Turanian (4.3%). It was found that 39% of the described taxa were distributed in wheat fields, 25 % in beet fields, 14 % in clover fields and 12 % of them in other agricultural fields.


Abstract A study of the seasonal movements of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi was conducted in the Pearl River system and the Mississippi Sound from 2000 through 2003. We captured or recaptured, marked, and released 503 Gulf sturgeon, 98 adults being tagged with internal or external telemetry tags. Movement chronologies were generally similar to those reported in other studies. Summer habitats were found in the Pearl and Bogue Chitto rivers (Louisiana–Mississippi), and these habitats were occupied from April through November. Adults and subadults were spatially separated, the adults being concentrated in the Bogue Chitto River and the subadults in the Pearl River. Tagged adults began to leave the summer habitat during September and to arrive at the mouth of the Pearl River and the Rigolets Pass. The last departure from this location was in late November. Wintering habitat between Cat, Ship, Horn, and Petit Bois islands in the Mississippi Sound was used between November and early March. Gulf stu...


Human history is the most important discipline of study. The complex system under study in history is a many-body system consisting of Homo sapiens—a (biological) material system. Consequently, history is a legitimate branch of science, since science is the study of Nature which includes all material systems. A historical process, expressed in the physics language, is the time development of a subset of or the whole system of Homo sapiens that happened during a time period of interest in the past. History is therefore the study of the past dynamics of this system. Historical processes are stochastic, resulting from a combination of contingency and necessity. Here, the nature of history is discussed from the perspective of complex systems. Human history is presented as an example of Science Matters. Examples of various scientific techniques in analyzing history are given. In particular, two unsuspected quantitative laws in Chinese history are shown. Applications of active walks to history are summarized. The "differences" between history and the natural sciences erroneously expressed in some history textbooks are clarified. The future of history, as a discipline in the universities, is discussed; recommendations are provided.


There is ongoing debate about the extent to which business organisations ought to act as good corporate citizens within society. Fundamentally, corporate citizenship is about managing risk and reputation as companies strive to juggle multiple objectives associated with their rights and the rights of wider stakeholders. Within the new economy, risks have become globalised and more difficult to manage. This paper explores the usefulness of sociocultural theory about risk towards understanding the processes by which the governance entities of large companies embed a corporate citizenship approach within the core values and strategies of their organisations. The paper discusses the idea that risks associated with economic environmental tradeoffs are measurable and more easily understood by corporate governmentalities, whereas the threat to social being from business activities is perhaps only beginning to be understood by some corporate managers. It concludes that disparate displays of corporate social responsibility, as well as diverse community responses to the irresponsible activities of some business organisations, suggests a Risk society thesis is useful but has limited explanatory power in understanding the processes for embedding a socially responsible approach within the risk management strategies of companies.


We demonstrate a reconfigurable Si-photonic fourth-order all-pass filter-based topology to synthesize Butterworth, Chebyshev, and elliptic filter responses. Ring resonator drop port photodetectors provide electrical monitor information to tune the location of both the poles and zeros to dynamically set the desired filter configuration.


During the years from 1997 to 2001 the National Physical Laboratory provided a sound level meter verification service, where measurements of various parameters regarding the performance of a sound level meter were compared to the requirements of BS 7580. These measurements were carried out on a wide range of sound level meter types and the results are suitable for use in an assessment of a practical value of measurement uncertainties associated with the use of a sound level meter.
A value for measurement uncertainty associated with A-weighted noise emission levels, based on these verification data, together with contributions based on practical consideration of the operation and calibration of a sound level meter is proposed. This value is directly related to the practical use of sound level meters and should be suitable for inclusion in uncertainty budgets concerned with sound power level determination. In addition, the following simple guidelines regarding the practical use of a sound level meter are proposed.
To reduce the magnitude of measurement uncertainty resulting from the operation of a sound level meter, effort should be concentrated on reducing contributions associated with the time weighting and with indicator range changing. It is recommended that the indicator range used for measurements is the same as that used for the sound calibrator, and the slow time weighting is used. To reduce the magnitude of measurement uncertainty resulting from the use of a sound level meter, effort should be concentrated on reducing the effect of the observer. It is recommended that the indication on the sound level meter is observed remotely via an ac output (a common feature on class 1 meters).
The actual estimated value of measurement uncertainty assuming a slow time weighting is 0.39 dB. This value is reduced to 0.33 dB if there is no range change and there is no observer present. The reported combined total standard uncertainty for measurements carried out using the "slow" time weighting (with or without an observer and with or without a range change) is 0.4 dB.
For the majority of ISO sound power standards the frequency range of interest is specified as covering one-third octave bands centre frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 kHz. In this case the reported final total combined uncertainty associated with band limited noise emission is the same as the A-weighted value.


Histone deacetylases (HDACs) influence expression of genes implicated in tumor initiation, progression and anti-tumor responses. We hypothesize that tumors use epigenetic mechanisms to dysregulate CD1d-mediated antigen processing and presentation, which leads to a functional impairment in the ability of Natural killer T (NKT) cells to recognize and destroy cancerous cells. In this study, we treated CD1d-expressing tumor cells with HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) to assess CD1d-dependent NKT cell responses to B cell lymphoma. Consistent with previous studies, we found that treatment with Trichostatin A, a pan-HDACi, enhanced both CD1d and MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation. Similarly, treatment of B cell lymphomas with other HDACi, Panobinostat and Vorinostat, resulted in enhanced CD1d-dependent NKT cell responses. Mechanistically, we found that HDAC2 binds to the CD1d promoter and knockdown of HDAC2 in tumor cells enhanced their immunogenicity. The observed changes are due at least in part to a dose-dependent increase in both CD1d mRNA and CD1d cell surface expression. In addition, treatment with HDCAi resulted in a decrease in inflammatory cytokine secretion by B cell lymphomas. To examine the therapeutic potential of HDACi, we treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with TSA and Panobinostat. Treatment with these HDACi did not suppress T cell activation; conversely, treatment with a novel HDAC4 inhibitor MC1568 suppressed T cell responses. Taken together, our studies demonstrate the efficacy of HDACi in restoring anti-tumor responses to B cell lymphomas through both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors and strongly implicate a role for select HDACi in cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.


With the reinvigoration of Reef Regulations in Queensland cane growing regions, the importance of accurate record keeping is top of mind for many growers.


Introduction Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is an inequality of the lower limb length. Th e LLD is commonly found in population and the prevalence is varied widely depending on the magnitude of the discrepancy. It is estimated that 23% of the general population having inequality of 1 cm or more (Gross, 1978). A study by Raczkowski, Daniszewska, & Zolynski (2010) measuring and classifying discrepancy reported that diff erences of 1 cm were more prevalent in children aged 5 to 17 years. Th e cutoff for LLD is usually determined based on the eff ect of diff erent leg length that results in signifi cant clinical symptoms. Previous studies used diff erent cutoff for leg length discrepancy (Liu, Fabry, Molenaers, Lammens, & Moens, 1998; Shailam, Jaramillo, & Kan, 2013). In one study (Shailam et al., 2013), LLD was assumed as 10 mm whereas another study (Liu et al., 1998) determined 20 mm of LLD that can cause clinical symptoms. Th e inequality of the leg length will aff ect posture and induce gait abnormality. Scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, and gait asymmetry are the most common consequences of LLD (Gross, 1978; Liu et al., 1998; Shailam et al., 2013). Th e prevalence of LBP is high worldwide. Low back pain is defi ned as pain on the posterior area between the lower margin of the lowest rib and gluteal folds. Low back pain aff ects all age group but mostly in young adult (Lunde, Koch, Hanvold, Waersted, & Veiersted, 2015). Many causes of LBP have been documented. Even with no mortality reported, LBP causes functional disturbance leading to disability, decreases proAbstract


In March 2010 ATLAS saw the first proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Within the year, a collision rate of nearly 10 MHz was achieved. At ATLAS, events of potential physics interest are selected by a three-level trigger system, with a final recording rate of about 200 Hz. The first level (LVL1) is implemented in customized hardware, the two levels of the high level trigger (HLT) are software triggers. For the ATLAS physics program more than 500 trigger signatures are defined. The HLT Steering is responsible for testing each signature on each LVLl-accepted event, the test outcome is recorded with the event for later analysis. The steering code also ensures the independence of each signature test and an unbiased trigger decision. To minimize data readout and execution time, cached detector data and once-calculated trigger objects are reused to form the decision. In order to reduce the output rate and further limit the execution time, some signature tests are performed only on an already down scaled fraction of candidate events. For some of these signatures it is important for physics analysts to know the would-be decision on the event fraction that was not analysed due to the down-scaling. For this the HLT-Steering is equipped with a test-after-accept feature. The HLT-Steering receives the setup of the signatures from the trigger configuration system. This system dynamically provides the online setup for the LVL1 and HLT. It also archives the trigger configuration for analysis, which is crucial for understanding trigger efficiencies. We present the performance of the steering and configuration system during the first collisions and the expectations for the LHC phase 1.


The tragic spiritual odyssey of Lourens Ingelse; Antheunis Janse on the spirituality of the Further Reformation
This article reflects on the spiritual pilgrimage of an ordinary Christian farmer, who lived in the Northern part of the Netherlands during the second half of the eighteenth century. His rough character and reformed religious convictions got him into trouble with the authorities, he was apprehended, jailed and finally, away from his home, wife and children, banned for more than eight years. Ingelse himself later on pinned down his story and especially his spiritual experience during the years of his exile.
About a century and a half later, Ingelse's tragic odyssey, revealing his continuous and profound religious struggles was retold (in a small booklet published in 1926 and reprinted in 1932) by a school teacher from the same area, Antheunis Janse of Biggekerke. Janse still experienced the aftermath of the semi-mystical spirituality of the Dutch Second or Further Reformation of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century (roughly 1600 until 1750) - the spiritual climate in which Ingelse also lived. But from a more reformational perspective Janse added his own commentary to Ingelse's chronicle. In a convincing way Janse indicated from the Bible that the Reformed religion of the Further Reformation lacked a real, solid biblical grounding. Centered on the inner experience of the human soul to attain practical certainty about one's conversion and eternal salvation can never provide certainty of faith and a joyful, thankful commitment to serve God in one's whole life, but can only result in desperation. This was clearly testified in the wavering spiritual life of Ingelse. Since similar kinds of mystical spiritualities are presently becoming the "in thing" the world over, Janse's biblical-based evaluation of such phenomena is not out-dated. It still contains valuable guidelines to be applied in evaluating contemporary related spiritual currents - also in today's reformed churches worldwide.


Carrying out quality education must focus on humanities education and the special value of poetry life education.It promotes full scale harmonious development between human and oneself,human and society,human and nature.This is the most basic value of poetry life education.It also nourishes human's soul,widens human's knowledge and skill,activates human's thought,influences human sentiment and creates aesthetic.This is the most concrete value poetry life education.We must adopt multi-dimensional and open useful strategies by reading it aloud and feeling it,accumulating more and reorganizing and merging it,moving the sentiment and entering another situation,discovering and innovating,etc.Only in this way,can the poetry life education guide students sense their life value,develop their life wisdom,arouse their life fervor,reveal the life individuality,raise their life height to reach their life education value goals of discovery and liberation.


Although adult females are protected, the cerebrovascular disease is greater in aged post-menopause females than in age matched males, but the role of vascular function and large conductance potassium (BK) channel is not clear. We hypothesize that "compared to adult males, cerebral vasculature of intact adult female rats displays an attenuated myogenic response and greater intrinsic tone due to differential expression and function of BK channel subunits. Aging or menopause exaggerates myogenic response, diminishes intrinsic tone and thus, vasodilatory capacity in females more than males due to a reduction in the BK subunit function." Our results suggest that middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of intact adult females had attenuated myogenic response compared to adult males and ovariectomy (OVX) females (% change in diameter: 16±8, -25±4 and -49±7). Development of intrinsic tone was greater in intact adult females than adult males and OVX females (% intrinsic tone: 47±5, 27±4 and 15±5). The ratio of BK β1 to α subunits was less in intact adult females than adult males and OVX females (0.4±0.07, 2±0.3 and 0.6±0.1). Spontaneous transient outward currents (STOC) were higher in smooth muscle cells of intact adult females compared to adult males (pA: 204±27 and 128±7). While aging exaggerated the myogenic response in females, it had no effect in males (fold change 4±1 Vs 0.8±0.5). However, intrinsic tone was decreased in aged females but increased in aged males (% change -43±9 Vs 37± 6). Aging decreased the amplitude of STOCs but with a greater magnitude of effect in females (fold change females: -4.9±1; males: -0.8±0.2). While aging increased BKα subunit, it decreased β1 subunit protein (β1 change: females -52±8; males -37±13). Acute activation of BKα subunit by NS1619, while had no effect in intact adult females (-5±3%), it dilated the MCA of adult males (32±9%). However, acute activation of BKβ1 by estradiol while relaxed MCA of adult females (35±7%) and males (22±2%), it had less effect in OVX females (-7±8%) and aged females (4±9%). In conclusion, a higher incidence of cerebrovascular disease in aged and menopause female may be due to sex-specific changes in vascular properties and BK channels that could result in diminished estradiol-mediated vasodilation.


Abstract Methods for estimating gene frequencies with known genotypes of "original parents" are presented. The "original parent" concept defines an independent set of ancestors from which all genes in an animal would have originated. A minimum estimate further was adjusted with an expected gene frequency among unknown ancestral genotypes. Expected gene frequencies depend on a probability some ancestral carriers are unknown and undetected. Example results are presented for recessive genes effecting abnormal phenotypes, Rectal-Vaginal Constriction and Limber Leg in the Jersey breed. Monitoring the occurrence of undesirable phenotypes caused by a recessive gene can facilitate development of breeding policies useful to breed improvement. Continuous and reliable reporting of abnormal progeny from identified parents is essential.


This paper describes an adaptive technology of link insertion, used in educational hypermedia. It also presents an adaptive hypermedia system that uses this technology and the results of system evaluation in a real environment. The described adaptive system integrates elements of knowledge uncertainty into the user model. This model is then used for system adaptation, which builds on adaptive link insertion, in addition to traditional adaptive navigation support technologies, like annotation and direct guidance. Key-Words: Educational hypermedia, adaptive hypermedia, adaptation technologies, adaptive link insertion, user modelling, evaluation.


Molecular evolution has recently been applied in biotechnology which consist of the development of evolutionary strategies in the design of biopolymers with predefined properties and functions. At the heart of this new technology are the in vitro replication and random synthesis of RNA or DNA molecules, producing large libraries of genotypes that are subjected to selection techniques following DARWIN's principle. By means of these evolutionary methods, RNA molecules were derived which specifically bind to predefined target molecules. Ribozymes with new catalytic functions were obtained as well as RNA molecules that are resistant to cleavage by specific RNases. In addition, the catalytic specificities of group I introns, a special class of ribozymes, were modified by variation and selection.

Efficient applications of molecular evolution to problems in biotechnology require a fundamental and detailed understanding of the evolutionary process. Two basic questions are of primary importance: (i) How can evolutionary methods be successful as the numbers of possible genotypes are so large that the chance of obtaining a particular sequence by random processes is practically zero, and (ii) how can populations avoid being caught in evolutionary traps corresponding to local fitness optima? This review is therefore concerned with an abridged account of the theory of molecular evolution, as well as its application to biotechnology. We add a brief discussion of new techniques for the massively parallel handling and screening of very small probes as is required for the spatial separation and selection of genotypes. Finally, some imminent prospects concerning the evolutionary design of biopolymers are presented.


Computing Machinery and Intelligence Can Machines Think? 1) The Question: Can machines think? i) If defined naturally by what we deem " machine " and " think " to mean, then it could be determined by a survey such as a Gallup poll. 2) The Imitation Game i) Three players: Man (A), Woman (B), Interrogator (C) ii) Interrogator is in a separate room and may only ask questions (in written form or through an intermediary) of the Man and the Woman. (a) The interrogator only knows them as X and Y (b) Ex: Will X please tell me the length of his or her hair? 1. If X is the man (A), then he must answer, but his objective is to cause the interrogator to make the wrong identification 2. He may answer " My hair is shingled, and the longest strands are about nine inches long. " (c) The third player's objective (B) is to help the interrogator 1. These hints may not be helpful, since the other player (A) may also make similar remarks 2. Ex: " I am the woman, don't listen to him! " iii) At the end of the game, the interrogator must determine which of X and Y are the man and woman. 3) The Question (revised): What will happen when a machine takes the part of A in the imitation game? i) Will the interrogator decide wrongly as often when trying to decide between man and machine as between man and woman? ii) Discussion: Is this question equivalent to the original? Why? Why not? (a) Turing's critique: 1. Draws a line between physical and intellectual capacities of humans (we're just now—2010s—able to 3-D print skin) 2. Little point in dressing up a " thinking machine " like a human in artificial flesh (no beauty competitions)


Healthcare is one of the areas that could be most dramatically reshaped by the emergence of new communication technologies. In fact, technological advancements in healthcare are rapidly increasing the options that are available to clinicians for the provision of health services. In general, distributed communication media could become a significant enabler of consumer health initiatives. In fact, they provide an increasingly accessible communications channel for a growing segment of the population. Moreover, in comparison to traditional communication technologies, shared media offer greater interactivity and better tailoring of information to individual needs. E-health, the integration of telehealth technologies with the internet is the next logical step in this process. The goal of the paper is to describe the processes by which internet and Virtual Reality based e-health applications can contribute to the provision of up-to-date healthcare services. Particular attention is given to the technology, ergonomic issues, human factors and organisational changes needed for the exploitation of e-health services.


In the light of the lessons learned from the euro area sovereign debt crisis, the EU fiscal and macroeconomic governance framework was overhauled in 2011. Against this background, this paper analyses whether the broadened surveillance of fiscal and macroeconomic indicators under the strengthened governance framework would have facilitated the identification of emerging imbalances, had it been in place before the crisis. The findings suggest that the strengthened governance framework would have given earlier signals about emerging excessive fiscal and macroeconomic imbalances. Euro area countries thus would have been obliged to take preventive and corrective action at an earlier stage, provided that the stricter rules had been effectively implemented. At the same time, the paper concludes that the increased reliance of the EU fiscal governance framework on unobservable magnitudes such as the structural budget balance, which are difficult to measure in real time, will continue to impede the timely identification of underlying fiscal imbalances. It is suggested that the new macroeconomic imbalance procedure could have given earlier indications about the emergence of excessive macroeconomic imbalances, which in turn posed risks for fiscal sustainability. Looking forward, these preliminary findings suggest possible synergies between the, until now largely unrelated, fiscal and macroeconomic governance frameworks. JEL Classification: H3, H6, E02, E61


"Cold energy" refers to a potential to generate power by utilizing the exergy of cryogenic systems, like Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), using it as the cold side of a thermodynamic cycle, while the hot side can be even on the ambient temperature. For this purpose, the cryogenic Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is one type of promising solution with comprehensive benefits to generate electricity. The performance of this cycle depends on the applied working fluid. This paper focuses on the applicability of some natural working fluids and analyzes their performance upon cold energy utilization in the LNG regasification system. An alternative method, the cryogenic Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC), is also presented here. The selection of working fluid is a multi-step process; the first step uses thermodynamic criteria, while the second one is addressing environmental and safety issues. It will be shown that in LNG regasification systems, single cryogenic ORC performs higher net output power and net efficiency compared to single cryogenic TFC. Propane as working fluid in the single cryogenic ORC generates the highest net output power and net efficiency. It is demonstrated, that concerning 26 novel LNG terminals, a net power output around 320 MW could be recovered from the cold energy by installing a simple cycle, namely a single-step cryogenic ORC unit using propane as working fluid.


Objective To explore the types,distribution and drug resistance of salmonella in Chongqing,in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of salmonella.Methods The surveillance case of salmonella was defined and surveillance site of salmonella were set.The diarrhea cases of outpatient of hospital and diarrhea outbreak were investigated for the serotype and drug resistance of salmonella.Results 162 cases of salmonella were found and 19 serotypes were detected during 2007-2009.The peak of salmonella infection was in summer and autumn.Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis were the main types.25 outbreaks of diarrhea were caused by salmonella.The patients of 11 outbreaks consumed the preserved duck eggs before onset.Diarrhea,accompany with fever and bellyache were the main clinical situation.The main risk factor for these 11 cases was the consumption of preserved duck eggs which were contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium.Diarrhea,accompany with fever and bellyache were the main clinical situation.Conclusion Salmonella typhimurium infection usually caused more serious diarrhea,and Salmonella enteritidis infection caused more manifest fever,bellyache than other strains.19 serotypes of salmonella were sensitive to Cefotaxime.Most of the salmonella isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid.The important measure of reduced morbidity was enhanced the regulation and management of food safety.


A 50-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of single and mixed strains of probiotic bacteria supplements on juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major). The study investigated the growth, digestibility, hemato-biochemistry, antioxidant, immune, immune, and growth gene expression and stress responses of P. major. Three hundred juvenile P. major (

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 cfu/g diet in fourth group (D4) at 0.5%; and single strain BA TOA5001 5×105 cfu/g diet in the fifth group (D5) at 0.5% of dietary proportion. Results showed that D2 and D3 fish groups exhibit better performance, followed by D4, D5, and control group D1. This finding demonstrated that the use of BA in mix strain probiotic bacteria diet (D2, D3) had improved immune response, antioxidant enzymes, immunity (TNF-a, IL-1b), and growth-related (IGF-1, IGF-2) mRNA expression of juvenile P. major compared to the mix strain D4, single strain D5, and the control D1. Furthermore, single strain D5 and mix strain D4 also exhibit relatively better immune responses in P. major than in control D1. Considering the overall fish performances, mix strain SF+BA (D2) and mix strain SF+BM+LP+BA (D3) were the recommended potential mix strain probiotic bacteria supplement for P. major and may be useful also for other related aquatic species.


The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of mergers and acquisitions on shareholder wealth when subsequent related significant events are anticipated. We identify a particular merger and acquisition between telecommunication companies in Korea and examine whether it conveys good or bad news to stock market participants. We hypothesize and find that mergers and acquisitions are interpreted as good news by the marketplace when they are expected to be accompanied by a subsequent related significant event, in our case granting of a government license for the IMT-2000 mobile service.


Applying the chi-square test to this table it is found that the rates in Orientals and Ashkenasics differ significantly ( p less than 0.001). When pooling the two communities and grouping according to sex, the rate among females is higher (0.445) than that among males (0.348). The difference between these rates just reaches the level of significance (p = 0.032). The rate of simultaneous infection with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura should be the product of Ascaris rate times Trichuris rate, or: 0.131 x 0.308 = 0.0403. Thus, among a population of 496 0.131 x 0.308 x 496 = 20 cases of simultaneous infections would be expected; the number actually found (40) is twice as high as expected. Again, from a chi-square test on a fourfold table it is found that this difference is highly significant (p less than 0.001). When grouping these double infections according to community and sex, significance is no longer attained; this might be due to the smallness of numbers. Using the recent material of Boventer (1947) and Poindexter (1949) we calculated the expected rates of double infections with Ascaris and Trichuris from the numbers of persons infected with either worm. The actual numbers of double infections with both worms, as given by these authors, were lower or almost equal to those predicted. Boventer found among 2201 people 42.3% infected with Ascaris and 14.51% infected with Trichuris; his percentage of double infections (6.9) very closely approaches the predicted percentage of 6.1; a similar fit holds good for both of his sub-groups, Sicily and Italy proper. Poindexter's figure of 9% double infections, based on a population of 4000, is lower than the calculated one (13.2%). At present no explanation can be given why in our material the number of double infections found is twice as high as expected. An analysis performed on a greater population might give some clue as to the cause of this discrepancy.


AIM: To study whether hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation is related to the expression of RANTES(regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) and its receptor CCR5(chemokine receptor 5) mRNA in peripheral monocyte cells(PMCs) and to explore its therapy.METHODS: Renal recipients were divided into normal lipidemia group(n=30) and hyperlipidemia group(n=30) according to the serum lipid level 6-8 months after transplantation.The patients in the hyperlipidemia group were treated with simvastatin for 1.5 months(1.5-month treatment group) or 3 months(3-month treatment group).The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects.Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),high-density lipoprotein(HDL) were measured and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of RANTES and CCR5 mRNA in PMCs.RESULTS: The renal function of all the patients was normal.TC,TG,LDL and expression of RANTES and CCR5 mRNA in the normal lipidemia group were lower than those in the hyperlipidemia group,but higher than those in control group(P0.05),and those in 3-month treatment group were significantly lower than those in 1.5-month treatment group(P0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of RANTES and CCR5 mRNA is involved in the early-stage chronic injury of kidney allografts.Hyperlipidemia can strengthen the increased expression of RANTES and CCR5 mRNA.Simvastatin can reduce the expression of RANTES and CCR5 mRNA in the kidney transplant recipients with hyperlipidemia.


It is manufactured by the manufacturing method and a method of nanofibres is a nano-fiber is disclosed. Of the nanofiber production method of the present invention, and the heat decomposable polymer material solution may include the steps of preparing a mixed solution by mixing a solution of a precursor; By electrospinning a mixed solution of polymer-forming the precursor composite nanofiber; polymer is a polymer, by crystallizing by heat treatment first the precursor composite nanofibers at a temperature lower than the decomposition temperature of the polymer will form a composite nanofiber the method comprising; And polymer should have a step of forming a nanofiber by decomposing a polymer material by heating the second composite nanofibers to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the polymer. In this way, the silver crystallized polymer is or decomposed before being fully achieved, decomposes the delay to solve the problems the fiber is not held it is possible to efficiently manufacture a high aspect ratio saver nanofiber, to apply the transparent electrode using the same in the various fields, can.


Fluoride glasses are of great interest for optical applications, as low phonon energy hosts for rare-earth ions. With an increasing need for more compact optical devices that impose higher dopant concentration, research activity has been focused on the fabrication of fluoride glass planar waveguides to produce integrated lasers and optical amplifiers, especially those based on Er3þ-doped glasses. The aim of this review is to give the state of the art of fabrication technology for fluoride glasses and to present the most interesting results obtained on confined waveguides. Recent developments in fluoride transparent glass ceramic waveguides will also be mentioned.


8 basic types of plant communities of arid regions of Altai- Sayan mountains have been revealed, their floristic classification has been carried out. Short description of the basic types has been given, their altitudinal distribution has been characterized.


The research progress of CNTs as drug carriers in recent years is summarized,especially functiona-lized CNTs combined with magnetic particles or quantum dots possessed unique distinguished function,which can achieve targeted drug delivery and fluorescent tracing.The related studies for functionalized CNTs as a new drug car-riers have become one of the hotspots in the field of biomedicine research in recent years.Along with the advancement of CNTs in drug carriers system,the future research will be mainly focused on the modificability and multifunctionality of CNTs,which can broaden the application of CNTs in biomedicine area.


This paper puts forward the design of communication system based on FPGA. USB controller CY7C68013 is widely used for its faster data transmission rate and diverse interface way which provide a simple and seamless connecting interface for the ATA, FPGA and DSP . This paper introduces the basic working principles of the controllers, and uses its affiliate FIFO method in order to produce corresponding control signal in FPGA with VHDL. It realizes fast data transmission between PC and FPGA through USB. Test results shows that the scheme transmission speed fast, data accurate, and can be extended to other need through the USB fast data transmission system.


This essay provides a brief introduction to how the special section of Television & New Media came about and discusses the concepts of race, gender, affect, and labor in relation to digital media as it is manifested in the present decade of public availability of the Internets.


This paper propose an approach of code generation based on domain model,following the view of model integrated computing(MIC).In this approach,developer employs domain meta-model as modeling language to construct domain model,the transformation of domain model to platform independent model(PIM) is executed by model interpreter,the finally process is parse PIM in code generation frame to get source code.


Aiming at developing a methodology for constructing continuous-time chaotic dynamical systems as flexible pattern generators, this paper discusses a strategy for binding desired unstable periodic orbits into a chaotic attractor. The strategy is comprised of the following two stages: constructing an interim "chaos-generating template", and deforming the template according to the specifically desired orbits. INTRODUCTION Chaos is a fascinating phenomenon arising from nonlinearities in dynamical systems, and investigations on its applications to intelligent and flexible systems have appeared in many fields. An important aspect of chaos is that chaotic attractors embed or "host" an infinite number of unstable periodic orbits (UPO's) bifurcated from prechaotic states (Ott, 2002). Among them, some distinctive orbits can be used for characterization or control purposes. For example, a variety of chaos control methods (Ott et al., 1990; Pyragas, 1992; Zhang et al., 2009) can stabilize UPO's embedded in chaotic attractors, enlarging the operation range and/or enhancing the functionality of the system. In more recent years, the synthesis of chaos from various approaches (Chen and Ueta, 2002; Zelinka et al., 2008; Munoz-Pacheco and Tlelo-Cuautle, 2009) has been an active direction of research along the line of exploiting chaos. Primary concerns of these efforts include statistical and topological characteristics (e.g., invariant measure, Lyapunov spectrum, novel scrolling behaviors) that would be important in designing chaos-based information processing and communication applications. While the present study share some common motivation with the above-mentioned studies, we have put more focus on the geometrical shape and dynamical properties of UPO's themselves from the viewpoint of the adaptive generation of periodic behaviors. Here our intention lies in extending the functionality of (stable) periodic pattern generators based on function approximation of vector fields, e.g., polynomial approximation (Okada and Nakamura, 2002) and neural network learning (Kuroe and Miura, 2006). In this paper, we consider continuous-time chaotic attractors as a container of UPO's (patterns) where they can be stabilized, entrained, or targeted by external inputs into the dynamical system. In what follows, we propose a design strategy for binding desired UPO's into a chaotic attractor governed by a polynomial vector field. The strategy is comprised of the following two stages: constructing an interim "chaos-generating template", and deforming the template according to the specifically desired orbits. POLYNOMIAL VECTOR FIELDS We consider polynomial dynamical systems of the form ẋ = f(x)(x ∈ R ) where the vector field f(x) is represented as f(x) = [f1(x) · · · fN (x)] T = Φ(a(p1p2···pN ))θ(x), (1) θ(x) = [x1 · · · x ` N x `−1 1 x2 · · · 1] T . (2) Here, ` denotes the maximum degree of the polynomials, and the matrix Φ is comprised of the coefficients a(p1p2···pN ) of the polynomials. For example, with 3rdorder polynomials, the first element of a two-dimensional vector field is represented as f1(x) = a1(30)x 3 1 + a1(21)x 2 1x2 + a1(12)x1x 2 2 + a1(03)x 3 2 + a1(20)x 2 1 + a1(11)x1x2 + a1(02)x 2 2 + a1(10)x1 + a1(01)x2 + a1(00).(3) In our design process of the dynamical system, the coefficients are obtained by least-square fitting. To this end, we set up target vectors f(ηi) (i = 1, 2, · · · , L) at design points ηi on and in the vicinity of the target orbits, and construct matrices F = [f(η1) f(η2) · · · f(ηL)], (4) Θ = [θ(η1) θ(η2) · · · θ(ηL)]. (5) With these matrices, the least-square solution for Φ is given by Φ(a(p1 p2 ··· pN )) = FΘ # (6) where Θ is the Moore-Penrose pseudo inverse of Θ. Proceedings 24th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation ©ECMS Andrzej Bargiela, Sayed Azam Ali David Crowley, Eugene J.H. Kerckhoffs (Editors) ISBN: 978-0-9564944-0-5 / ISBN: 978-0-9564944-1-2 (CD)


In this paper,a concept of an independent discipline of Comparative Logic is to be established.As we know,Comparative Logic Theory is a kind of independent and comprehensive science which is guided by logic philosophy and based on all kinds of logic sciences.It makes comparison on theoretical and specific levels,and research into the equal dialogue and integration between three original logics,and emphasizes the awareness,thinking and methodology,and makes explanations from historical background and cultural traditions of man so as to promote communication between different cultures and ways of thinking,and to improve the harmonious coexistence of the whole mankind.


This article describes electric arc furnace (EAF) off-gas enthalpy models developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to calculate overall heat availability (sensible and chemical enthalpy) and recoverable heat values (steam or power generation potential) for existing EAF operations and to test ORNL s new EAF waste heat recovery (WHR) concepts. ORNL s new EAF WHR concepts are: Regenerative Drop-out Box System and Fluidized Bed System. The two EAF off-gas enthalpy models described in this paper are: 1.Overall Waste Heat Recovery Model that calculates total heat availability in off-gases of existing EAF operations 2.Regenerative Drop-out Box System Model in which hot EAF off-gases alternately pass through one of two refractory heat sinks that store heat and then transfer it to another gaseous medium These models calculate the sensible and chemical enthalpy of EAF off-gases based on the off-gas chemical composition, temperature, and mass flow rate during tap to tap time, and variations in those parameters in terms of actual values over time. The models provide heat transfer analysis for the aforementioned concepts to confirm the overall system and major component sizing (preliminary) to assess the practicality of the systems. Real-time EAF off-gas composition (e.g., CO, CO2, H2, and H2O), volumemore » flow, and temperature data from one EAF operation was used to test the validity and accuracy of the modeling work. The EAF off-gas data was used to calculate the sensible and chemical enthalpy of the EAF off-gases to generate steam and power. The article provides detailed results from the modeling work that are important to the success of ORNL s EAF WHR project. The EAF WHR project aims to develop and test new concepts and materials that allow cost-effective recovery of sensible and chemical heat from high-temperature gases discharged from EAFs.« less


THE Uruguay Round Agreement which became effective from January 1995 under Wmld Trade Organization (WTO) is the most comprehensive trade pact. The Round contributed t,) the liberalization of trade in goods, services and investments. It represents decisive step towards introducing market solutions in international transactions. It also entails significant potential gains for the world economy. The distribution of gains across the regions, nations and various groups within the countries will be uneven. No doubt, it gives rise to ce1tain challenges, opportunities and risks. These merits the attention of world community.


By introducing the concepts of valuation density function and edge density function,a definition of probability truth degree for formula in the continuous value propositional logic L* is proposed,some inference rules of probability truth degree are studied.On this groundwork,three similarities are given which discusses the properties of the relationship.By intro-ducing similarity degree,the definition of pseudo-distance is proposed.And the structure and properties of logical metric space are discussed in details.Thus the basis for the inference degree's numerical is proved.


It seems that it is a time to worry about the fate of the children; the houses which are often not built based on the needs of children and in proportion to the foundation of their psychological- physical conditions, have increased children's issues. Inevitable result of this lifestyle, causing phenomena such as weight disproportionate increase, increasing children who in their physical activity are not fit with the ladder of their age and the lack of spatial understanding in the analysis and understanding the environment and socialization disorder of children. In such a situation, paying attention to appropriate residential spaces can change cognitive and behavioral patterns of children. Accordingly, the present study aims at understanding the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of the child to achieve instructions and guidelines for designing suitable spaces for children, so that these spaces, in addition to compatibility with behavioral characteristics satisfy children's cognitive needs. In this regard, by analyzing data obtained from library resources, effective criteria were codified for children's of cognitive and behavioral adjustment of children in a space. Finally, using the results of theoretical studies, guidelines were suggested for designing a residential area in compliance with the behavioral and cognitive requirements of children.


EDITOR—It is no surprise to see NHS general practice being eroded by big business.1 Doctors advocate for all their patients; politicians (the "owners" of the NHS) have pressures that are often at odds with those of patients and therefore their doctors.

By seeking a system that reduces doctors' responsibility for patients to an employment contract (with minimum and maximum standards set by managers), …


Emerging technologies like LTE (long term evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) are advancing in order to respond the needs for future mobile wireless access systems, whereas the demand is continuously increasing the requirement on high data rate on every mobile application. In the third generation Partnership project -Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) of Fourth Generation (4G) provides greater speed compare with it is predecessor 3G and 2G. The higher data rate is achieved in the wireless environment by deployed OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple) and MIMO (Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs) technique. It employs smart selection and combining techniques in the receiver end to improve the signal quality. The sub-carrier fluctuates in different time slots with in an OFDM symbol as a cause of multipath fading (color noise environment). Here the priority is given to minimize the interference occurred among the symbols in the channels and compress the data stream for high speed digital data transmission. Estimating the channel as accurately as possible is essential. This paper constitutes for different channel estimation technique is implemented with OFDM and MIMO for high mobility. In this work an iterative channel estimation scheme is introduced that makes use of pilot symbols, Doppler spread information and previously estimated data symbols are utilized to estimate the channel accurately. The channel estimation techniques as Maximum Likelihood (ML), Minimum Mean Square (MMSE) and Zero Forcing (ZF) are utilized. ML estimation is used to estimate even the channel is in worst condition. If any symbol occurs with error then, the PIC-DSC (Parallel Interference Cancellation - Decision Statically combining) is involved in removing the unnecessary interference produced in the channel. The Performance and result analysis is done using MATLAB simulation.


The successful application of deep learning in bridge damage diagnosis relies on the assumption that the training and test data sets obey the same distribution. However, it is difficult to obtain labeled data of damage status for a bridge in using. Otherwise, it is difficult to apply a model trained with bridge A (source domain) to diagnose bridge B (target domain) because of the distribution discrepancy of data from different working environments or bridges. In response to these problems, motivated by transfer learning, a new bridge damage diagnosis method, namely, the multichannel domain adaptation deep transfer learning based method (MDADTL), is proposed in this paper. First, a CNN based multichannel multi‐scale feature extractor is introduced to extract features. Second, a multichannel domain adaptation module based on maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is proposed for transfer learning, so that the learned features are domain‐invariant. Through the above process, MDADTL trained with labeled data obtained in the laboratory or the testing bridge is expected to diagnose other bridges with unlabeled data. Experiments prove the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed method. This exploration will promote the practical application of deep learning in bridge damage diagnosis. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.


Objective: To investigate the relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) and paediatric respiratory-tract infections. Methods: The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specific antigen (Ag) to Cpn was measured by direct immunofluorescence test. Plasma specific antibodies to Cpn (IgG.IgM ) were measured by microimmunofluorescence test. Results: 40 patients with respiratory-tract infection and 28 healthy control were enrolled, PBMC Cpn-Ag positive rate was 57. 5%(23/40)for patients and 32. 1 %(9/28)for contols (P= 0. 039),while Plasma Cpn IgG positive rate was 67. 5% (27/40) and 42. 9%(12/28) ,respectively(P=(). 043) iand Cpn -IgM positive rate was 62. 5%(25/40)and 35. 7%(10/28) ,respectively(P=0. 030). Conclusion:There was a signiticant correlation between paediatric respiratory-tract infections and Cpn. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae can provide the experimental basis of diagnosis and treatment for paediatric respiratory-tract infections.


(51) Int. Cl. G06F 9/44 (2006.01) G06F2L/34 (2006.01) HO47 (2/06 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC ............. G06F 9/4406 (2013.01); H04 W 12/06 (2013.01); G06F 21/34 (2013.01); H04W 88/02 (2013.01) (57) ABSTRACT A radio communication device and a method for booting a radio communication device are provided. The radio commu nication device can be configured to load an operating system code of a processor during execution of an authentication procedure code. For example, a first portion of the operating system code can be loaded, then the authentication procedure code can be loaded after the loading of the first portion of the operating system code. After the initiation of an authentica tion procedure that is based on the authentication procedure code, then a second portion of the operating system code can be loaded.


This paper uses the fault tree analysis(FTA) principle of the reliability theory,I establish the fuel pump control system fault tree,and then use the fault-tree structure function theory,then carry out the qualitative and quantitative analysis,and fault tree obtained the minimum cut-set.Raise the reasonable proposals and improve the reliability of the system.


The nitro-aldehyde 6α/β readily cyclizes to form the A-ring of taxol in quantitative yield; further elaboration of the α,β-unsaturated nitro compound 12 gave the enone 16 and the 13α alcohol 17 respectively.