This study investigated the effect of macroeconomic fundamentals on stock market prices in Nigeria using quarterly data. The period (1985-2011) covered in this study is a period of very significant and active stock market development in Nigeria as well as a period of economic shocks including global economic and financial meltdown. The Co-integration and Error Correction Model (ECM) statistical techniques, Impulse Response Function (IRF) as well as Variance Decomposition analysis were employed to examine the relationship between the nine selected macroeconomic fundamentals and the stock market prices. This study revealed that there is long-run relationship between stock market prices and the selected macroeconomic fundamentals in Nigeria. It further revealed that macroeconomic fundamentals were strongly and jointly significant in explaining the variations in stock prices in Nigeria. The recommendations of this study amongst others include that government should pay attention to foreign direct investment in Nigeria, and maintain policies that will encourage more FDI attraction which will help to expand the stock market activity and the industrial sector.


We study a fractal model for prediction of Covid-19 contagions from February 20 to June 20 in Italy . We obtain that the model confirms the experimental data obtained in the past seven days . The time of the peak is estimated to be at March 21-26 and the number of contagions will be about 240000 cases.


Reproductive endocrine disorders are common comorbidities of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Our previous studies using the intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHKA) mouse model of TLE demonstrated that many females show prolonged estrous cycles and hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons exhibit elevated firing during diestrus. However, it is unknown whether the degree of change in GnRH neuron activity is dependent on epilepsy severity. Here, we used 24/7 in vivo EEG and in vitro electrophysiological recordings in acute brain slices to assess GnRH neuron firing in relation to chronic seizure burden in diestrous female mice at two months after IHKA injection. We found that percentage of time in seizure activity in the 24 hours prior to slice preparation is an accurate proxy of overall seizure burden. Firing rates of GnRH neurons from EEG-recorded IHKA mice were increased in comparison to controls, but no relationships were found between GnRH neuron firing and seizure burden measured in vivo. The independence of GnRH neuron firing rate in relation to seizure burden was unaffected by GnRH neuron soma location or estrous cycle length. Furthermore, GnRH neuron firing rates were not yet different from control values when measured 1 month after injection when epileptogenesis is already complete in IHKA mice. This result suggests a potential window for intervention to prevent epilepsy-associated GnRH neuron dysfunction. These findings indicate that the severity of epilepsy and the degree of downstream disruption to GnRH neuron activity are independent, suggesting that susceptibility to reproductive endocrine comorbidities is driven by other risk factors.


The aim of this research is to determine the effect of teacher autonomy on dedication to the teaching profession according to teacher perceptions. The research was designed in the causal relational survey model to determine the relationship between teacher autonomy and dedication to the teaching profession. The study population of the research consisted of 475 teachers working in primary schools in the city center of Bolu, and feedback was obtained from 318 teachers. Teacher Autonomy Scale and Teaching Profession Scale were used as data collection tools in the research. Parametric tests were used in my research because the data showed a normal distribution. According to the results of the research, although it is a positive result that teachers' autonomy is at a high level in the dimensions of scale total, teaching process, and professional communication autonomy, it is a remarkable result that it is at a medium level in the dimensions of curriculum autonomy and professional development autonomy. Teachers' perceptions of dedication to the profession are high in all dimensions, including commitment to the profession, devotion to students, and self-sacrificing work on the total scale. In general, there is a positive, moderate, and high level significant relationship between the whole and dimensions of the teacher autonomy scale and the scale of dedication to the teaching profession. Teacher autonomy is a significant predictor of commitment to the teaching profession. Teacher autonomy scale sub-dimensions: the scale of dedication to the teaching profession significantly predicts the dimensions of commitment to the profession, dedication to students, and selfless work.


The case study has proven its longevity in presenting students with learning challenges as they presented with an organisational situation to address in the class room. The case study encourages students to develop a number of practical and


The first clinical description of this disease was reported by Kirkes.1However, Corvisart and Leroux,2in 1801, were the first to describe vegetations on the valves and the wall of the auricle which appeared to be typical of those of subacute bacterial endocarditis. In 1810, Wells3described similar lesions. Since then, a great many cases in adults and comparatively few cases in children have been reported from various clinics in Europe and in our own country. In 1869, Bouchut4gave a classic description of the pathologic changes in a child, aged 8 years, who died of a cerebral embolus. Harbitz5and Litten6gave the earliest satisfactory description of the pathologic anatomy and histology. During the past twenty-five years, a far greater appreciation of this disorder has become manifest by the ever increasing studies and reports of such observers as Koeniger,7Loehlein8and


The purpose of this paper is to present the design and the testing through numerical simulation and actual flight of a fault-tolerant control scheme. The design of the scheme is based on non-linear dynamic inversion augmented with artificial neural networks for the WVU YF-22 model aircraft. The adaptive flight controller is designed and tested through simulation using Matlab and Simulink. A single flight condition is considered and a neural network is used to compensate for inversion errors and changes in aircraft dynamics, including actuator failures. A minimal Real Time Application Interface Linux distribution was created using BusyBox. The Simulink Real Time Workshop environment was used to generate C code to be run on the WVU-YF22 customized on-board computer. Flight testing results performed at nominal flight and under actuator failure conditions show the potential of the control scheme to achieve adequate stability and desirable handling qualities.


ABSTRACT Classical and Hellenistic Greek laws and dowry practices were generally more progressive and provided more protections for wives than early Roman marriage law and practice. Roman dowry law then witnessed a series of significant developments over the course of the republic, beginning with the time when the Romans were coming into increased contact with Greek culture. Changes in social attitudes towards the conditions for women in marriage, their ability to control their dowries, and their right to own property, seem to have been responsible for these transformations in Roman family law. As Romans became increasingly Hellenized, their dowry and marriage practices in general came to resemble patterns prevailing in the Greek world, perhaps as a result of individuals' emulation of Greek laws and customs. The shift from the overall predominance of marriage in manu to marriage sine manu may therefore be explained partly by influences from the Greek world.


Entry of commercial enterprises play an important role by maintaining active competition for existing businesses and development of innovation and long-term growth. Rules and regulations often restrict the entry have only a negative effect on competition. Moreover there are numerous papers providing evidence that the ability of firms to enter the market and develop normally depends on the ability to attract external funding for new projects to be undertaken


BACKGROUND
Driven in part by Medicare's Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, hospitals are focusing on improving the transition from inpatient to outpatient care with particular emphasis on early follow-up with a primary care physician (PCP).

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether the implementation of a scheduling assistance program changes rates of PCP follow-up or readmissions.

DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING
An urban tertiary care center PATIENTS: A total of 20,918 adult patients hospitalized and discharged home between September 2008 and October 2015.

INTERVENTION
A postdischarge appointment service to facilitate early PCP follow-up.

MAIN MEASURES
Primary outcomes were rates of follow-up visits with a PCP within seven days of discharge and hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge. Our first analysis assessed differences in outcomes among patients with and without the use of the service. In a second analysis, we exploited the fact that the service was not available on weekends and conducted an instrumental variable analysis that used the interaction between the intervention and day of the week of admission.

RESULTS
In our multivariable analysis, use of the appointment service was associated with much higher rates of PCP follow-up (+31.9 percentage points, 95% CI: 30.2, 33.6; P < .01) and a decrease in readmission (-3.8 percentage points, 95% CI: -5.2, -2.4; P < .01). In the instrumental variable analysis, use of the service also increased the likelihood of a PCP follow-up visit (33.4 percentage points, 95% CI: 7.9, 58.9; P = .01) but had no significant impact on readmissions (-2.5 percentage points, 95% CI: -22.0, 17.0; P = .80).

CONCLUSIONS
The postdischarge appointment service resulted in a substantial increase in timely PCP followup, but its impact on the readmission rate was less clear.


A composition for electrode formation containing metal nanoparticles dispersed in a dispersion medium, wherein the composition also comprises one or more organic polymers selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, and cellulose ethers.


Text labels in raster maps provide valuable geospatial information by associating geographical names with geospatial locations. Although present commercial optical character recognition (OCR) products can achieve a high recognition rate on documents containing text lines of the same orientation, text recognition on raster maps is challenging due to the varying text orientations and the overlap of text labels. This paper presents a text recognition approach that focuses on locating individual text labels in the map and detecting their orientations to then leverage the horizontal text recognition capability of commercial OCR software. We show that our approach detects accurate string orientations and achieves 96.2% precision and 94.7% recall on character recognition and 80.6% precision and 84.1% recall on word recognition.


American National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.3-1986 states that criticality alarm systems shall be designed to detect immediately the minimum accident of concern. The minimum accident of concern is defined to be one which will result in a dose of 20 rad in the first minute at a distance of 2 m from the reacting material, assuming only nominal shielding. To ensure that the criticality alarm system at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant satisfies this requirement, a study has been undertaken to determine the dose at the Y-12 detectors from the minimum accident of concern using the Y12MORSE code package. This paper describes the first phase of the project, that of validating Y12MORSE.


BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate improvement of the photocatalytic activity of visible-light driven nitrogen-modified TiO2 (N-TiO2) powder toward methyl blue (MB) and direct blue-86 (DB-86) dyes. The Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array was applied to plan the synthesis parameters, i.e. nitrogen sources, nitrogen source concentrations, stirring time and calcined temperatures. 95% confirmation experiments were undertaken to verify the effectiveness of the Taguchi method.

RESULTS: All N-TiO2 photocatalysts were shifted toward the visible light region with the optical band gap (Eg). Nitrogen source concentrations were significant parameters for the photocatalytic decolorization rate constants (k values). In comparison with pure TiO2, the photodecolorization behavior of N-TiO2 toward DB-86 was superior with a reaction rate constant of 1.68 × 10−3 min−1, and a 4 h photodecolorization efficiency of 34%.

CONCLUSION: The Taguchi method was reported to alter the surface properties of commercial Degussa P25 TiO2, which could then be used as a visible-light driven photocatalyst. The visible-light-driven photocatalyst was investigated to determine material characteristics. Greater photodecolorization of MB and DB-86 dye pollutants using optimally-prepared N-TiO2 under visible light irradiation was successfully obtained. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry


Introduction: Type C pelvic ring disruptions are commonly associated with significant patient morbidity. It is the senior author's (APP) experience that the sacro-iliac alar cartilage is commonly damaged at the time of initial trauma. If left untreated, this may give rise to post-traumatic arthrosis of the joint, with resultant pain. The natural history of type C disruptions is one of late pain. In this paper, we review our results of acute arthrodesis of the SI joint simultaneously with fixation of the posterior pelvis. Methods: From 1987–2000, a consecutive series of 28 patients who underwent primary surgical fusion and internal fixation of the sacro-iliac joint underwent clinical and radiographic review. All patients were examined at latest follow-up (79.8 months) in regards to pain, range of motion, walking tolerance and the incidence of significant complications. Evaluation of the pelvic ring reduction and success of arthrodesis of the SI joint were made through radiographs of the pelvic ring. In addition patients completed the SF-36 as a measure of general health status and the Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (MFA) and WOMAC scores as a measure of functional outcome. Work status was also examined. Results: The majority of these injuries were sustained in either motor vehicle crashes or high energy falls. There was a high incidence of associated injuries and co-morbidities. The male to female ratio was approximately 2:1 with a mean age of 27 years. At initial surgery, all patients were noted to have severe fragmentation and disruption of the alar cartilage. The majority of patients had sacro-iliac screw fixation for their posterior injury and an external fixator for anterior stabilization. At follow-up there was a low incidence of late posterior complex pain. All patients were independently mobile and there were minimal complications. Only 1 patient had to change jobs secondary to pelvic or low back pain. The functional outcome at long term follow-up was good with regards to the SF-36, MFA and WOMAC scores. Conclusions: Type C pelvic ring injuries have a high incidence of disruption of the alar cartilage. Treatment of these injuries by primary fusion and internal fixation leads to good long-term results.


Objective: To analyze the relationship of the serum homocysteine with hyperlipidemia in the elderly people in the central urban area to provide a reference for the prevention of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: Total 275 cases of the elderly who had been physically examined and their Hcy detected were classified according to their gender and age and the relationship of their homocysteine and hyperlipidemia was compared. Results: The detection rate of high Hcy in the male elderly group aged between 70 to 79 was higher than that of the female group at the same ages(P0.05). The detection rate of high Hcy of the female aged above 80 who combined with high TC, high TG and mixed hyperlipidemia was higher than those of the normal Hcy group at the same ages(P0.05). The detection rate of the patients with Hcy combined with high blood TC, high TG and mixed hyperlipidemia had no obvious significant correlation with the people with the normal Hcy. Conclusion: The examination of the blood Hcy and lipid should be strengthened for the elderly people and intervened actively to reduce the occurrence of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.


The influence of iron content and oxidation state on the crystallization and microstructure of steel slag based glass-ceramics was investigated in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO-FeOx system. The crystallization mechanism of parent glass and microstructure of final products were studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results indicate that part of Fe3+ appeared as six-coordinated [FeO6] octahedron and acted as network modifier with more ferrous or metallic irons being further oxidized to ferric irons. The crystalline temperatures of glass samples shifted to higher values as the iron content became lower supported by the result of crystallization activation energy. The crystal morphology of low iron content samples appeared mainly in the form of cluster or column and limited amount of granule, while sample with high iron content was principally composed of granular crystals.


Diagnosability of a multiprocessor system is an important topic of study. A measure for fault diagnosis of the system restrains that every fault-free node has at least g fault-free neighbor vertices, which is called the g-good-neighbor diagnosability of the system. As a famous topology structure of interconnection networks, the n-dimensional bubble-sort graph B n has many good properties. In this paper, we prove that (1) the 1-good-neighbor diagnosability of B n is 2 n − 3 under Preparata, Metze, and Chien's (PMC) model for n ≥ 4 and Maeng and Malek's (MM) ∗ model for n ≥ 5 ; (2) the 2-good-neighbor diagnosability of B n is 4 n − 9 under the PMC model and the MM ∗ model for n ≥ 4 ; (3) the 3-good-neighbor diagnosability of B n is 8 n − 25 under the PMC model and the MM ∗ model for n ≥ 7 .


An accurate solution of a double step attenuation measurement technique with an internal gauge block for variable attenuators is presented. The solution is obtained by solving the signal flow graph of the circuit model with a small reflection coefficient (<;0.1) on each I/O port. Experimental results both of low and high attenuation values show good agreement with measurements of the conventional techniques.


Node flip ambiguity is a key problem that needs to be addressed for the range-based node localization in wireless sensor networks. A Robust Node Localization Method (RNLM) is proposed in this paper. It is a two phase methods. In the first phase, the orthogonal projection detection method is adopted to detect the unknown nodes needed to be positioned. For the unknown nodes that will not occur flip ambiguity, the least squares method is adopted to locate them. In the second phase, for the unknown nodes that may occur flip ambiguity, based on the topological constraints of the networks, an objective function is generated and Particle Swarm Optimization is adopted to find the minimum value of the objective function. In this way, the estimated locations of those nodes are obtained. The simulation results demonstrate that RNLM can effectively deal with the problem of node flip ambiguity.


The present invention describes an operable integrated optical communication apparatus at the III-V semiconductor structure of a multilayer, the device includes a semiconductor substrate, an epitaxial semiconductor structure grown on the substrate in one growth step, a common waveguide, and a plurality of wavelength designated waveguides, Zenshirube waveguide is formed in the epitaxial structure using conventional semiconductor processing techniques. Each waveguide and Zenshirube waveguide defined by the band gap wavelength of the core region is vertically arranged in order of band gap wavelength is high, the common waveguide is placed on the bottom of the structure, and the longest bandgap wavelength It said wavelength designated waveguides with is placed in the apex of the structure. In operation, provides the common bandgap wavelength of the waveguide is sufficient under any operating wavelength, low-loss propagation conditions to the wavelength designated waveguides of each operating wavelength through the common waveguide to. The present invention, common waveguide (relative) from (a) a wavelength designated waveguides vertically to the separation (binding) a plurality of propagating or bidirectionally common direction in said integrated optical communication device by It discloses a method of (inverse) multiplexes wavelength for the optical signal of the wavelength. .FIELD 1


The research objective was to examine the effect of Return On Equity (ROE) and Net Profit Margin (NPM and Firm Size on the company value (Price Book Value) with Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as an intermediate variable (Intervening). The research population was 77 companies based on The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG). One of the criteria used is the most trusted company and trusted company by The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG) during 2010 – 2018. Five companies meet the requirements as a sample of the total population meets the criteria. The method used is path analysis with the test equipment using Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). The test results show that ROE has a significant negative effect on GCG and ROE positively and significantly affects firm value (PBV). NPM does not affect GCG, and NPM has a negative and significant effect on PBV, while Firm size has a positive and significant effect on GCG, and Firm size has no effect on PBV. GCG has a positive and significant effect on PBV. GCG cannot mediate the effect of ROE on PBV, and GCG is not able to mediate the effect of NPM on PBV, while GCG is significantly able to mediate the effect of Firm Size on PBV.


Objective To study the situation of malnutrition for patients with COPD.Method Test weight,height,serum albumin and figure out body mass index(MBI) of 132 patients with COPD in acute exacerbation.Assess the nutritional status of the patients.Result Rate of malnutrition is 50.8%~69.7% for patients with COPD.Low protein is severe in mild malnutrition.Conclusion Patients with COPD are easily suffering from malnutrition.


By use of negative ion chemical ionization and collision-activated decomposition in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer a method has been developed for the quantification of ergotamine in human plasma at levels down to 2 pg ml-1.


The plasticity of mature oligodendrocytes was studied in aggregating brain cell cultures at the period of maximal expression of myelin marker proteins. The protein kinase C (PKC)‐activating tumor promoters mezerein and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), but not the inactive phorbol ester analog 4α‐PMA, caused a pronounced decrease of myelin basic protein (MBP) content and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphohydrolase (CNP) activity. In contrast, myelin/oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) content was affected relatively little. Northern blot analyses showed a rapid reduction of MBP and PLP gene expression induced by mezerein, and both morphological and biochemical findings indicate a drastic loss of compact myelin. During the acute phase of demyelination, only a relatively small increase in cell death was perceptible by in situ end labeling and in situ nick translation. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) also reduced the levels of the oligodendroglial differentiation markers and enhanced the demyelinating effects of the tumor promoters. The present results suggest that PKC activation resulted in severe demyelination and partial loss of the oligodendrocyte‐differentiated phenotype. J. Neurosci. Res. 49:121–132, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Charts and evaluates changes to The Guardian/Observer library over the period 1983 ± 1998. Examines these developments in the light of wider changes to the newspaper industry as a whole. Discusses the early arrival and impact of FT Profile; the setting up of the Association of UK Media Librarians; the increasing professionalism of newspaper library staff; computer assisted reporting (CAR), changes in service provision and a consequent change of name for the library, and the role of the Internet and intranet in the work of the unit. Identifies areas of future change.


Obesity is considered as the main risk factor of incisional hernia especially in patients with morbid obesity. Among factors of relapse risk are the next ones: considerable intra-abdominal hypertension, big number of wound complications, technical (intraoperative) difficulties of hernioplasty caused by obesity. Conservative treatment of the morbid obesity has no effect. Methods : There was carried out an analysis of treatment of patients with incisional hernia with concomitant morbid obesity (MO). They underwent bariatric operation before hernioplasty which was postponed till decrease and stabilization of body mass. Immediate and remote results were analyzed. Results: 3o patients who underwent bariatric operation (BO) before hernioplasty took part in the research. Body mass index (BMI) was  ≥40 kg/m 2 (25 women, their mean BMI was 48,5±8,7 kg/m², intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was 2,36±0,09 kPa. 19(63,3%) of patients underwent bending of stomach (BS), 11 (36,7 %) – shunting of stomach (SS). Three patients had complications: two seromas and pneumonia. The relapse of hernia was noticed in one patient (3,3 %). The mean loss of weight in 2 years after BS was 34,8±6,7 kg, after SS – 57,3±3,7 kg, intra-abdominal pressure – 1,31±0,08 kPa. The general number of preoperative concomitant diseases was 73. After two-year observation respiratory and metabolic disorders were completely compensated in 50 % of patients and considerably improved in 38 %. Conclusions: The use of phased tactics of treatment leads to the most favorable results. BO gives a possibility to improve the physical state of patient and prepare him for herniaplasty


Emerging high performance non-volatile memories recall the importance of efficient file system design. To avoid the virtual file system (VFS) and syscall overhead as in these kernel-based file systems, recent works deploy file systems directly in user level. Unfortunately, a userlevel file system can easily be corrupted by a buggy program with misused pointers, and is hard to scale on multi-core platforms which incorporates a centralized coordination service. In this paper, we propose KucoFS, a Kernel and user-level collaborative file system. It consists of two parts: a user-level library with direct-access interfaces, and a kernel thread, which performs metadata updates and enforces write protection by toggling the permission bits in the page table. Hence, KucoFS achieves both direct-access of user-level designs and fine-grained write protection of kernel-level ones. We further explore its scalability to multicores: For metadata scalability, KucoFS rebalances the pathname resolution overhead between the kernel and userspace, by adopting the index offloading technique. For data access efficiency, it coordinates the data allocation between kernel and userspace, and uses range-lock write and lock-free read to improve concurrency. Experiments on Optane DC persistent memory show that KucoFS significantly outperforms existing file systems and shows better scalability.


In view of the emotional polarity classification problem, the deep learning has the disadvantages of incomplete information extraction and low precision, a model combining bi-directional gated recurrent unit with multiple convolution neural network is proposed. The unit is used to extract the history and future information of the sentence, then use the multi-convolution neural network for system training, so that the entire model can get more comprehensive information. The model can be training end-to-end, and training for multiple types of text, its adaptability is strong. The experimental results show that the improved model proposed in this paper has a greater improvement than other similar models, and the classification accuracy is also improved significantly.


The objectives of the Metropolitan Buenos Aires Urban Transformation Project for Argentina are to improve housing conditions and access to selected basic services and infrastructure in selected disadvantaged neighborhoods in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA) and strengthen the institutional capacity for urban management at the metropolitan level. The Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) of the City of Buenos Aires, the Borrower's Representative for IBRD Loan No. 8706, has requested changes to the Project implementation arrangements, moving the implementation responsibility from the CABA PIU at MEF to the Secretariat for Social and Urban Integration (SECISYU) because the MEF was restructured in 2018 and no longer hosts PIUs. The restructuring would also enable the construction of resettlement housing as an option for affected persons under Component 1.1, which was not explicitly included in the project description in the loan. The Ministry of Economy (MOE) of the Province of Buenos Aires, the Borrower's Representative for IBRD Loan No. 8607, has requested changes to the Project implementation arrangements, moving the implementation responsibility from the Ministry of Infrastructure (MOI) to the Provincial Organization for Social and Urban Integration (OPISU) which was created in December 2017 with the mandate to implement upgrading projects in vulnerable neighborhoods. The restructuring will also enable MOI to procure works under component 2, which was not included in the original project design.


The frame structure and the functions of various overhead bytes for SDH transmission equipment are described, and the reasons of alert occuring are analyzed. In addition the common methods for troubleshooting and the basic principles to deal with these troubles are proposed.


Conditions of intense competition and the number of competitors in the napkins industry are quite a lot, so that sanitary napkins manufacturers should be more serious in response to the amount of their market share. Similarly, with Bagus Nina which has a fairly low market share among competitors, this is because the presence of Bagus Nina are fairly new in the toiletries industry. To increase market share and sales, Bagus Nina must find out the purchase intention of their consumer, it is inseparable from the role of intermediaries or channel in distributing products to consumers. Based on that, it was urgently conducted a research about the influence of channel performance towards purchase intention with mediation by brand awareness and brand image with Bagus Nina user in Jabodetabek as the respondents. The purpose of the study is to determine the best path in the form of consumer purchase intention. This research is a descriptive study based on user survey. The method used in this study is path analysis approach with SPSS statistical software. The results of this research indicate that the channel has the effect, directly and indirectly to consumer purchase intention.


The effect of harringtonine on DNA polymerase a from Ehrlich ascites cells andL_(1210)tumor cells was studied.The activity of DNA polymerase a of both tumor cellswas found to be inhibited by harringtonine and the degree of inhibition of the en-zyme was related to the conoentration of the drug.The experimental results obtainedfrom preincubation of the drug with DNA template and with the enzyme separatelysuggested that the inhibitory action of harringtenine appears to be on the enzymemoleoules rather than the DNA template.In addition,when the template or enzymewas present in excess,the inhibitory effect of the drug was decreased.These dataahowed that harrtngtonine may be a competitive inhibitor of DNA polymerase a.


We have demonstrated 4H-SiC super junction V-groove MOSFETs (SJ-VMOSFETs) with an extremely low specific on-resistance ($R_{on, sp}$) of $0.67 \mathrm{m}\Omega$ cm2 and with a high blocking voltage (VB) of 1170 V [1]. We have adopted double reduced surface junction termination extensions (DR-JTEs) as a new edge termination for the SJ-VMOSFETs in order to deplete the highly doped drift layer and current spreading layer (CSL) over 1x10$^{17} cm^{-3}$. We evaluated the process robustness of the DRJTEs and other conventional edge terminations by using TCAD simulation.


In order to improve the shear capacity of a concrete beam,a new composite reinforcement technique is put forward through pasting CFRP on both sides of the end of the concrete beam and prestressed CFRP at the bottom.In this paper,five concrete beams without web reinforcement are designed to carry out the static loading experiment.Through this experiment,the impact of concrete beams on the shear strength in different reinforcement is analyzed,the oblique cross-section's bearing capacity of the composite reinforced concrete beams is analyzed and derived,and the theoretical and practical formula for calculating is established.The results show that the theoretical calculation is in accord with the experimental data.


4-Acetyl- and 4-benzoyl-3-(substituted amino)cyclohex-2-en-1-ones have been isolated from the reaction of acryloyl chloride with tertiary enamino-ketones. Tertiary enamino-ethyl esters give the corresponding 4-ethoxy-carbonylcyclohexenones. 2′,4′-Dimethyl-6′-morpholinoacetophenone has been obtained from the self-condensation of 4-morpholinopent-3-en-2-one and identified from spectral data.


Bringing up dissociation/ association equilibria, four new correlated equations are suggested for fixing the parameters of less investigated amino acid systems in a given value for two association models including PC-SAFT and CPA EOSs. Correlated parameters including co-volume parameter, association volumes, and number of segments are dependent on the molecular weight of amino acids and have derived optimizing and fitting the parameters of the much-used aqueous amino acid solution. Moreover, to indicate the applicability of offered new equations, these formulas are utilized to reduce the number of optimized parameters from six to four for less investigated amino acid solutions. In the case of PC-SAFT EOS, the number of segments and association volume are fixed in a specified value and used to adjust four other parameters of PC-SAFT EOS including the segment of diameter, association energy, dispersion energy, and binary interaction parameter for less investigated amino acid solutions. In the case of CPA model, the correlated parameters are co-volume parameter and association volume, and these two parameters are applied to optimize four other parameters of CPA model such as temperature-dependent energy parameter containing a0 and c1, association energy, and binary interaction parameter. Also, the solubility of studied systems is predicted at different temperatures for aqueous binary solutions. Furthermore, osmotic coefficients and water activity of these less investigated systems are evaluated. In the case of PC-SAFT model, the calculated AADs for liquid density, activity coefficient, water activity, osmotic coefficient, and solubility are 0.0032, 0.0864, 0.0058, 0.051, and 4.46*10-4, respectively. For CPA model, the AADs of these thermodynamic properties are 0.0117, 0.075, 0.0023, 0.16, and 2.79*10-4, respectively. Both models can reproduce the literature data as well, and though the CPA model is a semi-empirical EOS, it doesn't have irrelevant answers.


The article introduces pollution characters of wastewater from waste paper deink. It also tells us the effects on pollution characters of wastewater by the ways of chemical process, enzymatic process, floatation process, washing process, mechanic process without deink, and the other factors of the process without deink and paper pulp. The article also points out the present situations of technologies applied, and summaries the good respects and bad respects of the technologies.


Material that interacts with concanavalin A has been purified from seed extracts of 18 species (16 legumes, Coffea arabica and Lolium perenne) by Con A-Sepharose chromatography. When examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, many of the preparations showed a number of protein-staining components. All the preparations gave a single precipitation line against Cunalialia ensiformis crude extract on gel diffusion plates. Some of the con A-interacting preparations were shown to possess haemagglutination activity. The Arachis hypogaea (peanut) preparation contains one major glycoprotein of molecular weight 69 000, which was further purified and analysed. The purified glycoprotein contains 12% carbohydrate, galactose being the major sugar with minor amounts of mannose and xylose present.


In this paper,taking the northern urban residence equipped with solar water heating system as the research object,the main factors that had influences on per capita solar hot water consumption were analyzed based on the investigation of actual consumption.And then,considering the heat requirements for family health,the estimated values of the average per capita solar hot water consumption in different economic areas were put forward.The conclusions would provide useful reference for engineers to evaluate the heat consumption scale and the overall cost during the pre-design stage of solar water heating system.


Although almost 80 years have passed publication of papers by Dr. Daniel Clark since the trial and execution of Louis in 1888and Dr. C. K. Clarke in 1905. Riel, the volume of books, scholarly and Since then legal as well as psychiatric popular articles, poems and a play, pubattitudes towards insanity as a defence lished in the past decade suggests that the have changed considerably. Psychiatrists strong public feelings of sympathy or are more obviously aware of legal issues antagonism aroused by the case are still and lawyers have come to accept expert evident. psychiatric evidence on the mental state


This paper makes statistics and analysis of HIT's academic papers cited in SCI during 2005—2009.The achievements are recognized while the problems and shortcomings are put forward.The countermeasures are given to provide data support for university's policies of professional titles rating and science and technology awarding.


A combination of acceleration techniques to compute the RCS (radar cross section) of complex targets is presented. The approach is based on the application of the angular Z-buffer (AZB) algorithm together with the SVP (space volumetric partitioning) algorithm, for electrically large and complex bodies modeled by a high number of flat and/or curved surfaces.


Abstract Underweight prevalence among preschool children in Africa has been studied, but the effects of culture and geography remain unclear. This study used the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data for 2244 children aged 0‐59 months and generalized linear mixed models to analyze these data. The results showed that culture and geography remained significantly associated with preschool underweight prevalence after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of children, mothers, and households. Additionally, the gender of a child, size at birth, fever status, mother's , insurance coverage and number of children <5 years in the household were significantly associated with underweight prevalence in Ghana. The study concluded that in addition to specific characteristics of children, mothers, and households, culturally motivated childhood dietary restrictions among the Ga/Dangme and Ewe could be reduced through appropriately targeted nutritional messages. Additionally, decreasing North‐South disparities in socioeconomic development, and improving nutritional outcomes among disadvantaged households in southern Ghana should be the focus of policies and strategies directed at reducing preschool underweight prevalence in Ghana.


Based on a number of Portuguese colonial discourses on the subject of Indian residents of Mozambique and a collection of discourses produced by the leaders of Indian communities upon their colonial "hosts", we will attempt to show how the absence of a joint encompassing representation of colonial society on the part of many Portuguese whites made the basis of their power seem uncertain and vulnerable. This uncertainty – worsened by a structural doubt regarding the value of the Indian way of thinking and acting – stimulated a process of paranoidization. Especially in the final years of Salazar's regime, this discursive denial of reciprocity competed with an alternative model of representation of colonial society, characterised by a repetitive use of micro-familial positions in the conceptualization of Imperial encounters. However, this model cannot be discounted as an autistic production of colonial power, mirrored by certain social groups, namely, the leaders of the main Indian communities. We will accordingly explore the hypothesis of a co-authorship, both in the gradual recognition of mutual relations between the Portuguese and Indians, and in the emergence of the family-based model of colonial relations itself.


In analyzing data on the purchasing processes of 200 small-and-medium sized enterprises (SMEs), this study underscores the overall importance of dynamic capabilities as a way to understand differen...


SUMMARY. (1) The average benthic density of Peltoperla maria in an undisturbed southern Appalachian stream was more than twice that of a nearby stream draining a previously clear-cut catchment in its tenth year of natural secondary succession. (2) Peltoperla production estimates, using three methods, do not show a significant difference in production between streams draining the two catchments. We attribute these results to quicker growth and slightly higher densities of larger nymphs in the disturbed stream. Production estimates for the disturbed stream ranged from 498 to 560 mg (ash free dry weight) nT2 y"1 while those for the undisturbed stream were 414-515 mg m~2 y"1. (3) Our results reinforce the view that conclusions based solely upon numerical densities may lead, to erroneus interpretations about the roles organisms play in ecosystems. (4) Annual frass production by this shredder is about 20 times (10 g m~2 y"1) the secondary production of P. maria.


Fluoxetine is widely used as an anti‐depressant drug that inhibits reuptake of serotonin. The drug also induces hyponatremia by an unknown mechanism. Evidence shows that fluoxetine does not promote the release of vasopressin that would lead to hyponatremia (Marar IE and Amico JA, Endocrine, 8: 13–18, 1998). Effects of fluoxetine on renal physiology are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine if fluoxetine affects water permeability in the IMCD. Terminal IMCDs from male Wistar rats were isolated and perfused via standard methods. To measure osmotic water permeability (Pf, μm/sec), bath fluid was hypertonic to luminal fluid (545 vs 300 mOsm/Kg H2O). Agents were added to the bath – AVP at 220 pM and fluoxetine at 2.5 μM. In one set of experiments (n=4), fluoxetine reduced AVP‐stimulated Pf from 1235±135 to 587±220 (p<.01). This inhibitory effect was reversible. In another protocol (n=5) fluoxetine failed to affect basal Pf (29±9). Subsequent addition of AVP increased Pf to 93±18 and the removal of fluoxetine raised Pf to 591±200 (p<.01). Fluoxetine failed to decrease Pf stimulated by the nonhydrolyzable cAMP analog 8‐chlorophenylthio cAMP (n=4). To investigate the inhibitory mechanism, we used the selective alpha‐2 antagonist atipamezole. In this protocol (n=4) atipamezole reversed the fluoxetine‐induced inhibition of AVP‐stimulated Pf from 235±92 to 657±153 (p<05). We conclude that fluoxetine inhibits AVP‐stimulated Pf in rat IMCD via a pre‐cAMP‐dependent mechanism mediated by alpha‐2 adrenoceptors. The mechanism for fluoxetine‐induced hyponatremia remains unknown.


Mode-locked femtosecond (fs) lasers have become established as a means to probe fast transient phenomena, with pump-probe experiments using two mode-locked fs-lasers with slightly different repetition rates becoming widespread [1,2]. In these experiments, the time delay between the pump and the probe laser pulses is automatically scanned at the difference frequency between the repetition rates. Such technique, also called asynchronous optical sampling, has been recently exploited in the THz frequency range, to probe broadband THz pulses generated with non-linear optics [3–5].


This case takes place in the increasingly competitive environment of the airline sector.Airline websites and Internet-based booking systems enable transformation of airline operations and become strategic weapons for the majority of airlines worldwide. Established airlines are attempting to stimulate customers to use the Internet, in response to entry of low cost carriers that capture shares of their market and in order to reduce their sales costs. Nonetheless, the development and maintenance of websites and e-commerce platforms requires substantial investments in capital and labor. Therefore, airlines need to assess the performance of their e-commerce channels in terms of profitability, customer appreciation and volume of sales on a continuous basis. However, the design of an assessment model that can serve the managers of ARTFLY, one of the established airlines in the industry that deals with the recent challenges of the intensifying competition, is open for a wide variety of interpretations and should be determined due to the firm's nature of operations and due to its aim to increase the volume of its online sales.


Vector analysis of dipole moments of two series of nitrones revealed a mesomeric dipole moment compatible with a relatively great contribution of a zwitterionic structure and possible some contribution from a hypervalent structure. The latter was also suggested from a detailed comparison of bond lengths among several classes of compounds, involving the CNO grouping. Since both the CN and NO bonds seem to possess an appreciable double bond character, it is suggested that the N atom might be allocated more then eight valence electrons.


The utility model relates to an automatic voltage limiting power switch device tandem high voltage circuit which comprises a power switch device tandem branch, a number of energy storage circuits P1 to Pm, a number of discharge diodes Dp, a number of junction diodes, an energy concentration diode and a concentration voltage limiting circuit. Through the concentration voltage limiting circuit with low voltage, the voltage of each energy storage capacitor is limited, and safety voltage limiting is carried out on each power switch device. According to the utility model, the problem that the tandem use of the power switch devices with the withstand voltage of 3300V or above is limited due to low withstand voltage of small package clamp diodes of TO220, TO247 and the like in the prior art is overcome; the reverse breakdown voltage of the clamp diodes can be reduced by several times; the reverse recovery current is decreased; the clamp diodes work in a safe work area; and the system reliability is greatly improved.


A more reliable form of the power scaling law (PSL) is used for the calculation of rotational energy transfer (RET) rate constants. Good fits of experimentally determined double resonance signals for the rotational autorelaxation of HF in different vibrational levels are achieved. The kinetic scheme also accounts for vibrational energy transfer and multiquantum (Δj≤ 6) rotational jumps. These improvements are of fundamental importance in modelling pure rotational lasing transitions in chemical lasers.


Abstract Previous studies have shown that mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus inhabiting Piles Creek, a polluted tributary of the Arthur Kill in Linden, New Jersey, do not grow as well as conspecifics from more pristine habitats. Our study was designed to investigate whether or not reduced prey capture ability contributes to the impaired growth in the pollution-stressed population. When presented with juvenile guppies Poecilia reticulata as food, the mummichogs from Piles Creek did not capture them as effectively as did fish from a reference site in Southampton, New York. Furthermore, field-collected specimens from the reference site showed both greater body weight for a given length and fuller stomachs than Piles Creek specimens. Gut contents of Piles Creek fish consisted primarily of detritus and sediments, whereas those of the reference fish were largely crustacean remains. Thus, the reduced growth in the Piles Creek population may be due in part to reduced feeding rate.


California voles cause damage to pastures and rangelands, orchards and nurseries, and a wide variety of field crops, including artichokes. The anticoagulant rodenticides (chlorophacinone and diphacinone) typically used for voles are becoming less effective in controlling their populations. Consequently, there is a need to identify new rodenticides that will have a high efficacy on California voles so that agricultural production losses to rodents can be substantially reduced. We tested a new formulation containing two active ingredients (cholecalciferol and diphacinone) as a control method for California voles. Both a pelleted bait and an oil-coated artichoke bract bait were very palatable and efficacious against wild-caught, captive California voles. Efficacy levels of 70%–80% were achieved in the two-choice feeding trials. Additionally, the days-to-death (5–6 days) were less than the time-to-death with anticoagulant only baits. We recommend that a field efficacy study be conducted with cholecalciferol plus diphacinone bait formulations to determine their field performance in the reduction of agricultural damage by California voles.


The article discusses the problem of the lack of dialogicity and interpersonal communication ethics based on the example of V. Domontovych's novel "The Girl with the Teddy Bear". Dialogicity which is structured on the concept of gift and self-giveness to the Other can be properly realized in the family relations. The author emphasizes the need for restoration of the traditional family values for the benefit of moral integrity of each individual person.


Composition for use in a method of decreasing the translocation of pathogenic microorganisms or allergens in the intestinal barrier and / or for treatment or prevention of infection, diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, allergy, atopic eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis; and / or allergic conjunctivitis in an infant born by caesarean section 5, wherein said composition comprises polyunsaturated fatty acids, long chain (LC-PUFA), the composition is not human breast milk.


The modeling of the magnetic field distribution is required in many engineering research applications. It is crucial in simulation of transformers properties, as well as in achieving electromagnetic compatibility. Analytical solutions are suitable only in special or idealized cases. Another, more general approach is based on finite element method. Basing on FEM, approximate solutions of most cases could be calculated in acceptable time. On the other hand, many FEM softwares have significant limits on the geometry of input model of simulated elements. The following paper presents partial solution of this problem, as well as exemplary results of simulations.


The agribusiness sector as the basis of regional development and economic development is an important factor in improving the welfare of rural communities especially in border regions Indonesia-Malaysia. The amount of potential economic based on natural resources in the border regions is not matched the ability of human resources in term of utilization and management This study aims to improve the Krayan rice farming entrepreneurship performance. In the data collection, a total sample of 200 farmers purposive sampling method were used. The model based collected data was developed using the structural equation model and assisted by the AMOS program. The results showed that overall, the entrepreneurial intention model fulfilled the norms of the model fit (Chi-Square: 68.333; Probability: 0.398; RMSEA: 0.013; GFI: 0.956; AGFI: 0.930; CFI: 0.998) which means the developed model was appropriate with the existing empirical conditions. The entrepreneurship variable has a great influence in shaping the performance of farmers with a coefficient value of 0.992 which proves that entrepreneurship is an intermediary variable to increase human resources in the border region, especially for adan rice farmers in Krayan district, Nunukan district.


ABSTRACT Background The Covid-19 pandemic transformed the practices of many Art Therapists, and online work became commonplace. The World Health Organisation (WHO) predicted elevated rates of stress and anxiety among other mental health issues to develop as a result of the pandemic. It is vital to intervene early to prevent potential long-term psychological effects. Context The article describes an online art therapy group for adult mental health service users in the community in a suburban area of a large city in England. The practice description includes six adult mental health service users who have participated in the online art therapy group and provided feedback. Approach The online art therapy group emerged from our universal experience of the pandemic and the need for social connection through art-making to mitigate the psychological effects. The approach to the work is underpinned by an understanding of Polyvagal and Trauma Theories, mentalisation in groups and mechanisms of group art therapy. Outcomes The service users feedback that they found the online art therapy group helpful for managing a variety of mental health difficulties. Conclusion The paper describes the art therapy approach along with some pros and cons of providing the service online. Implications for research The pandemic highlighted the importance of developing our knowledge of online art therapy practice and research. We need further collaborative work with service users as their input is paramount in the process of practice development. Plain-language summary The Covid-19 pandemic changed how Art Therapists provide their services, many offering online therapy. The pandemic affects people's mental health negatively. The World Health Organisation (WHO) predicts a higher level of stress and anxiety, among other mental health issues, to develop as a result of the pandemic. It is essential to provide services early that help prevent a long-term negative effect on people's mental health. In this article, I describe an online art therapy group for adult mental health service users in the community in a suburban area of a large city in England. The practice description includes six adult mental health service users who have participated in the online art therapy group and provided feedback. The online art therapy group emerged from our common experience of the pandemic and the need for social connection through art-making to lessen the negative effects. I draw on research to understand the impact of Covid-19 and how Polyvagal and Trauma Theories and mentalisation in art therapy group work can inform the approach to therapeutic work. The service users feedback that they found the online art therapy group helpful for managing a variety of mental health difficulties. The paper describes the art therapy approach along with some pros and cons of providing the service online. The pandemic showed how important it is to develop our knowledge of online art therapy practice and research. We need further collaborative research with service users as their input is paramount in the process of practice development.


Acknowledgments. Preface. PRELIMINARY: BECOMING FAMILIAR WITH THE PROFESSION AND EXPECTATIONS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHERS. Architecture of the Profession. Expectations for Language. Teachers: A Continuum of Teacher Standards. Investigate and Reflect: Learning About Your Language-Specific National Organization and Your State Language Association Learning About Your Regional Language Conference Familiarizing Yourself With Foreign Language Resources Comparing Teacher Standards Across the Career Continuum. 1. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF CONTEXTUALIZED INPUT, OUTPUT, AND INTERACTION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING. Conceptual Orientation. Observe and Reflect: Observing a Child Interacting in L1 Alternative Observation of a Child Interacting in L1 Observing a Beginning L2 Class. Discuss and Reflect: Creating Real Conversational Models Using Songs to Engage Learners. 2. CONTEXTUALIZING LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION TO ADDRESS GOALS OF THE STANDARDS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: A Roman Election Contextualizing the Teaching of a Past Tense Grammar Point Applying the Standards to the Post-Secondary Level. Discuss and Reflect: Textbook Evaluation: A Look at the Use of Context in Exercises Developing a Top-down ESL Lesson. 3. ORGANIZING CONTENT AND PLANNING FOR INTEGRATED LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Planning for Instruction Writing Daily Lesson Objectives and a Daily Lesson Plan. Designing a Unit of Instruction: Developing a Content-Based Level Five Foreign Language Class. Discuss and Reflect: The Effect of Class Scheduling on Planning for Instruction Analyzing the Use of Content and Context in a Japanese Lesson. 4. CONNECTING LANGUAGE LEARNING TO THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Designing a Content-Based Elementary School Lesson Developing a Storytelling Lesson. Discuss and Reflect: Teaching First Grade Content in French Implementing an Elementary School Language Program. 5. INTEGRATING LANGUAGE STUDY IN THE MIDDLE SCHOOL CURRICULUM. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Developing Culture-Specific Examples of the Three Ps Unit and Lesson Design Around a Story, Myth, or Folktale Analyzing Lesson Plans for Three Ps. Discuss and Reflect: Exploratory vs. Sequential Middle School Programs It's McLicious! Staying in the Target Language. 6. USING AN INTERACTIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOP INTERPRETIVE SKILLS. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Using the Interactive Model to Explore an Authentic Printed Text Using the Interactive Model to Explore an Authentic Taped Segment. Discuss and Reflect. Developing Interpretive Listening: Scripts or No Scripts? Reading Aloud. 7. USING A STORY-BASED APPROACH TO TEACH GRAMMAR. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Examining Grammar Presentations in Textbooks Designing a Story-Based Language Lesson Developing a PACE Lesson for the Post-Secondary Level. Discuss and Reflect: Using a Story-Based Approach to Teach Reflexive Verbs Contrasting Explanations of Form. 8. DEVELOPING ORAL AND WRITTEN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Creating Information-Gap Activities for Various Levels of Instruction Integrating Speaking with Oral or Printed Texts Integrating Advanced-Level Discourse at the Post-Secondary Level. Discuss and Reflect: Interpersonal Speaking? I Already Do That! Friday Is Culture Day. 9. DEVELOPING ORAL AND WRITTEN PRESENTATIONAL COMMUNICATION. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Designing a Presentational Process-oriented Writing Activity for Secondary Levels or Beyond Finding the Oral and Written Presentational Elements in Prepared Project Unit. Discuss and Reflect: A Play for My "Buddies" Integrating Peer Revision into the Presentational Writing Process. 10. ADDRESSING STUDENT DIVERSITY IN THE LANGUAGE CLASSROOM. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Designing a Lesson Appropriate for Diverse Learning Styles Working within Communities. Discuss and Reflect: Preparing to Teach Special Education Spanish I and II Classes Cultural Diversity in a Small Rural Community. 11. ASSESSING STANDARDS-BASED LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE IN CONTEXT. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect: Analyzing and Adapting a Traditional Test Adding An Authentic Dimension to a Performance-Based Assessment Task. Discuss and Reflect: Developing Authentic Assessment Tasks and Rubrics. 12. USING TECHNOLOGY TO CONTEXTUALIZE AND INTEGRATE LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION. Conceptual Orientation. Teach and Reflect. Discuss and Reflect.


The work summarizes a large bulk of experimental data from specimens made of 40CrMoV13.9 steel. The first part of the paper deals with multiaxial fatigue strength of notched round bars tested under combined tension and torsion loading, both in-phase and out-of-phase. The results from multi-axial tests are discussed together with those obtained under pure tension and pure torsion loading from notched specimens with the same geometry. The second part of the paper summarizes data from uniaxial-tension stress-controlled fatigue tests on specimens made of the same steel. Tests are performed varying temperature, from room temperature up to 650 °C. Altogether more than 180 new fatigue data are summarised in the present work, corresponding to more than two-years of testing programme. All fatigue data are presented first in terms of nominal stress amplitudes referred to the net area and then re-analysed in terms of the mean value of the strain energy density evaluated over a given, crescent shape volume embracing the stress concentration region. For the specific steel, the radius of the control volume is found to be independent of the loading mode.


This study was conducted to characterize changes in the canopy photosynthetic leaf area of developing soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Lee) exposed to a CO2-enriched atmosphere. Young, vegetative plants were exposed to 350 or 700 μL L-1 CO2 for 15 d. Plant dry mass and total leaf area were greater in the CO2-enriched environment. Emergence and expansion rates of main stem leaves increased at high CO2, but the areas of individual leaves at full expansion were affected very little (5%-10% greater than controls). More rapid leaf expansion rates occurred in the light and dark. Under CO2-enriched conditions, the net CO2 exchange rates of all leaves on the main stem were higher before and after full expansion. Stomatal conductance was lower in high CO2 only after leaves approached full expansion. Leaf development on the lateral branches also was increased at high CO2, accounting for 40% of the total increase in leaf area by the end of the experiment. We conclude that more rapid rates of leaf development under CO2 enrichment likely resulted from increased photosynthesis rates and that both direct and indirect effects were involved.


In this paper a low cost wavelength and power settable light source is presented where the power and wavelength can be chosen at installation from a desired WDM network power and wavelength plan. The laser characterisation method, laser control, hardware implementation and practical results will be shown.


Accelerometer and displacement transducer are two common sensors used for structural displacement measurement. Due to their incapability of measuring static deflection of a structure, Global Positioning System (GPS) is developed as a novel sensor for measuring and monitoring both static and dynamic displacement responses of large civil engineering structures under gust winds. However, the accuracy of dynamic displacement measurement with GPS at the sub-centimeter to millimeter level depends on many factors such as required data update rate, satellite coverage, atmospheric effect, multi-path effect, and GPS data processing methods. Therefore, this paper focuses on the assessment of dynamic displacement measurement accuracy of GPS in two orthogonal directions. A 2-D motion simulation table is first developed as a test bed simulating various types of two perpendicular translational motions of tall buildings. The 2-D motion simulation table was then used to assess the performance of GPS through a series of field measurements in an open area. A band-pass filtering scheme is finally designed and applied to the table motion data recorded by the GPS. The comparison of the table motion recorded by the GPS with the original motion generated by the table shows that the GPS can measure sinusoidal or circular dynamic displacements accurately within certain amplitude and frequency ranges. The comparative results also demonstrate that the GPS can trace wind-induced dynamic responses of tall buildings satisfactorily.


This book traces the development of German parliamentary democracy, including its beginnings in 1848, the collapse of the Weimar Republic, the new start after 1945, and continuing on through to the present day. Alongside the historical examination, the book contains a systematic presentation of the work of today's Parliament - the German Bundestag - and its functions, organization, and democratic decision making processes. The book also focuses on the (re-) construction of the Reichstag building in Berlin, a pivotal location for the history of democracy in Germany. Additionally, it paints a portrait of Berlin's parliamentary quarter, which serves as a symbol for German reunification and once again connects the two halves of Berlin, previously divided by the wall for 40 years. This large-sized book is also a photographic documentation of the history of this governing body with its inclusion of 250 color/black and white illustrations.


Indian civilization is one of the oldest continuing civilizations, with thousands of years of history. During its existence it has assimilated many cultural influences, which have shaped modern Indian thought. Unlike many others, however, Indian civilization has generally absorbed the previous cultures into the new ones without making a clean break with past cultural values. For this reason, in modern Indian religious thought one can easily pick out the strands of old Aryan and Buddhist teachings, along with the influence of latter-day Hinduism, medieval klam, and modern European thinking. All this makes any generalization about the Indian mind very difficult, and any concept described as "typically" Indian is likely to be soon contradicted. For my purpose here I propose, first, to describe some of the concepts relevant to understanding health and disease as they are presented in the traditional medical literature of India and to follow this with certain well-known concepts from texts related to three important religions originating in India, i.e., Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. I shall then briefly describe present-day mental health services and attempt to link them to the concepts of mental health previously described.


An information encryption method is proposed based on digital holographic technique and phase retrieve algorithm.The phase-only information of a digital hologram is gotten by using phase retrieve algorithm,and then the hologram is encrypted.The reconstructed hologram can be obtained by applying inverse Fourier transform(IFT) to encrypt the hologram.The image can be reconstructed through Fresnel approximation method and convolution method.The presented method is quite different to ordinary random phase encryption methods,and the random phase element is not needed.Experimental results show that this method is suitable for two-and three-dimensional object encryption.


DC-DC converters have been widely used in various industrial systems. Accurate performance prognostics of their remaining useful performance (RUP) can effectively avoid the occurrence of faults. This paper proposes a performance prediction method based on the output signal of the circuit, which only needs to monitor the output response of the circuit without monitoring the nodes inside the circuit. The RUP can be predicted by continuous monitoring of the output voltage. Particle filter algorithm, as one of the algorithms often employed in prediction, is found to have the biggest problem of particle degradation, which will reduce the diversity of particles and then affect the final prediction accuracy. This method monitors circuit degradation by collecting historical degradation data. In addition, the kernel smoothing algorithm is integrated into the particle filter algorithm to ensure that the particle variance unchanged with the circuit performance prediction model during the recursive propagation process. The model can be updated after obtaining new measurements. The analysis of two DC-DC converter circuits shows that the proposed prognostics scheme has good prediction accuracy for nonisolated DC-DC converters.


The self-diffusion coefficients, densities, and viscosities of liquid 2-ethylhexyl benzoate are reported as a function of pressure from 1 to 4500 bar within the temperature range from -20 to +100/sup 0/C. The rough hard sphere (RHS) model and the Stokes-Einstein equation are used to analyze the data. The RHS model indicates a high degree of rotational-translational coupling which increases as density increases. The nonspherical shape and conformational flexibility of the molecule are proposed as the cause of this behavior. The Stokes-Einstein equation is found to hold over 5 order or magnitude changes in self-diffusion and viscosity.


Introduction: The laryngeal cancer is responsible for approximately 75,300 deaths per year worldwide, an incidence of approximately 136,000 new cases per year. The surgical removal of laryngeal tumor (Total or Partial laryngectomy), create temporary or permanent mutilation for the patient due to a tracheostomy associated: breathing, swallowing, digestion, taste, olfaction, speech, appearance, and changing their quality of life. objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of laryngectomized patients with tracheostomy., From a questionnaire translated and validated into Portuguese in patients undergoing partial or total laryngectomy in 31 patients who also are tracheostomized and to evaluate possible differences between the mean scores this questionnaire with age and gender different. method: A qualitative and quantitative monitoring of the quality of life of laryngectomized patients with tracheostomy, using as instrument the WHO-QOL, version 4, also calculates it to age and sex. Results: Significant changes in speech and swallowing, particularly women, have been seen as a good overall quality of life. Conclusion: Quality of life is a wide term, subjective and has been the subject of interest to the scientific community related to health and is essential to study their impact to promote improved treatment to be used.


Indian languages have a rich literature that is not available in digitized form. Attempts have been made to preserve this repository of art and information by maintaining a digital library of scanned books. However, this does not fulfill the purpose as indexing and searching the documents is difficult in images. An OCR system can be used to convert the scanned documents to editable form. However, the OCR systems are error prone. These errors are largely unavoidable and occur due to issues like poorquality images, complex font, unknown glyphs etc. A post-processing system can help in improving the accuracy by using the information about the patterns and constraints in the word and sentence formation to identify the errors and correct them. OCR is considered to be a problem attempted with marked success in Latin scripts, especially English. This is not the case with Indic scripts as the error rates of various OCR systems available are comparatively high. The OCR pipeline includes three main stages, namely segmentation, text recognition and post-processing. We observe that Indic scripts have complex scripts and glyph segmentation itself is a challenge. The existence of visually similar glyphs also makes the recognition process difficult. The challenges faced in the post-processing stage are largely due to the properties of Indian languages. The inflectional properties of some languages like Telugu and Malayalam and agglutination of words creates issues due to the enormous and growing vocabulary in these languages. Unlike alphabet system in English, Indic scripts follow alphasyllabary writing system. Hence the choice of unicodes as the basic unit of a word is questionable. Aksharas which are a more meaningful unit is considered as a better alternative to unicodes. In this thesis, we analyze the challenges in building an efficient post-processor for Indic language OCRs and propose two novel error detection techniques. The post-processing module deals with the detection of errors in the recognized text and correction of those detected errors. To understand the issues in post-processing in Indian languages, we first perform a statistical analysis of the textual data. The unavailability of huge corpus prompted us to crawl various newspaper sites and Wikipedia dump to obtain the required text data. We compare the unique word distribution and word cover of popular Indian languages with English. We observe that languages like Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam tend to have huge number of unique words compared to English. We also observe how many words get converted to other valid words in the language, using the Hamming distance between the words as a measure. We empirically analyze the effectiveness of statistical language models for error detection and correction. First we use an ngram model for detection of errors in the OCR output. We use akshara split


Despite popular belief, no single species of pine is designated as the official tree of North Carolina. Many people believe that the longleaf pine is the state tree; indeed, many websites still list this species as one of North Carolina's official symbols. This is probably due to the State Toast, which begins "Here's to the land of the long leaf pine...." However, with eight species native to North Carolina (eastern white, loblolly, longleaf, pitch, pond, shortleaf, table mountain, and virginia), the 1963 legislature decided not to favor one at the expense of the other seven.


[1] In this paper, the trend of the South Pacific Mode Water subduction rate is assessed based on recently developed ocean and atmosphere reanalysis products for the 20th century. It is found that the subduction volume of the mode water is intensified in the 20th century. The intensification of the mode water in the subtropical gyre of the South Pacific is primarily due to the strengthening of the vertical pumping velocity dominated by the enhanced wind stress curl over the past century. In contrast, the intensification of the South Pacific Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) is mainly caused by a deepening of the mixed layer depths and a strengthening of the advection in warm climate. As a result, the total subduction volume of the mode water over the South Pacific is increased in the 20th century.


Using a fully automated cryogenic wafer prober, we measured superconductor fabrication process control monitors and simple integrated circuits on 200-mm wafers at 4.4 K, including SQIF-based magnetic field sensors, SQUID-based circuits for measuring inductors, Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions, test structures for measuring critical current of superconducting wires and vias, resistors, etc., to demonstrate the feasibility of using the system for characterizing niobium superconducting devices and integrated circuits on a wafer scale. Data on the wafer-scale distributions of the residual magnetic field, junction tunnel resistance, energy gap, inductance of multiple Nb layers, and critical currents of interlayer vias are presented. A comparison with existing models is made. The wafers were fabricated in the SFQ5ee process, the fully planarized process with eight niobium layers and a layer of kinetic inductors, developed for superconductor electronics at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA. The cryogenic wafer prober was developed at HPD/FormFactor, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA.


A two-predator one-prey system with impulsive effect and non-monotone functional response for pest control is proposed and analyzed.By using the Floquet theory of impulsive differential equation and small amplitude perturbation skills, it is proved that there exists an asymptotically stable pest-eradication periodic solution when the impulsive period is less than some critical value. Otherwise, the system can be permanent. Lastly, a brief discussion are given by numerical simulation.


In this paper the author analyzes the mechanism of natural recharge of unconfined ground water at Hakusan on the Hongo terrace in Tokyo putting emphasis on water balance. Special attention is paid to variations in soil moisture, whose amount has not exactly been observed though the important role of it in the hydrologic cycle is widely accepted. As a result of this study some characteristics are found concerning the mechanism of unconfined ground water recharge in urban area and redistribution of soil moisture in the Kanto Loam formations. The Hongo terrace, whose top is about 25m above sea level, is a Pleistocene upland (M 2), and is located in the eastern margin of the Musashino upland. This terrace consists of the volcanic ash called Kanto Loam (6 to 7m thick), Yamanote sand and gravel (4 to 5m thick, but its upper part of 1 to 2m in thickness is clay), and the sand stratum of Upper Tokyo formation (more than 5m thick) in the descending order. The main uncon-fined aquifers of ground water studied are the Yamanote gravel bed and the sand stratum of Upper Tokyo formation. Annual variation of ground water level in the aquifer is within the range of 6m to 12m below the surface. The studied area is located in an ordinary residen-tial area and the experimental garden (Tokyo University Botanical Garden) is nearby. From April in 1962 to March in 1968 ground water level in the unconfined aquifer was measured daily in an observation well at Hakusan. At that place, the fluctuations of ground water level is affected by rainfall. Relation between rainfall and ground water level was in-vestigated, and the rise and fall of round water level in one period was found to be deter-mined by the total rainfall bserved in a 6-month period before that time. Contribution of the rainfall about 1 to 2 months before is the most prominent. However, the individual rises of ground water level correspond to individual rainfalls observed in the preceding 10 days. At Hakusan, hydrologic elements such as rainfall, fluctuations of soil moisture, the outflow of ground water and artificial recharge to the main aquifer were observed for one year from April in 1967 to March in 1968. Water balance analysis was applied and the relationship between the annual march of these water balance factors and that of ground water level was investigated.As for the annual total of water balance factors, about 1000mm of annual rainfall can be divided into following entries : the surface runoff is about 210mm, the amount of evapo-transpiration about 500mm, effective rainfall (amount of rainfall that is available for ground water recharge) for ground water recharge 290mm, of which 280mm is actually added to ground water storage. In addition to this, a 410mm of artificial recharge from leakage of waterworks pipelines is added and the total ground water recharge to the aquifer is 690 mm. The discharge from ground water reservoir is 670mm. It is worthy of note that unconfined ground water in urban area is balanced by a large quantity of artificial recharge (leakage from pipelines). The amount of evapotranspiration at Hakusan is about 50 to 60 percent of its average value in the Kanto Plain, which was calculated by the method of heat budget. Soil moisture measurement from the surface to the depth of 15m was made by a neutron soil moisture meter. The seasonal variation of soil moisture is large in a layer from the surface to 8m (Kanto Loam formation and Yamanote Clay bed), and the difference between the maximum in summer and the minimum in spring is more than 100mm. It is recognized that soil moisture changes greatly and it moves upward in the lower part of Kanto Loam formation, in which little variation of soil moisture was believed to exist, though existence of slow downward movement of soil moisture was reported.


The development of the public power program in the Tennessee Valley area has had marked effects on inter-governmental relations, in some cases creating new relationships and in other cases modifying those already existing. Many of these relations concern coöperative activities of the T. V. A. and the state and local governments, and the results of their joint endeavors have done much to expand and improve governmental services. In its relations with the local governments, the Authority has consistently followed the policy of depending on their coöperative efforts to achieve the social and economic development of the Valley without attempting to impose its will on them. "The rôles of the states, and of cities, counties, districts, and voluntary associations within the states, are enhanced, not diminished, in importance, by this recognition of interest and jurisdiction. Coöperation, not destructive competition; Federal responsibility in Federal and interstate matters, with local initiative and self-reliance in matters of a local nature—these are policies by which the development of the Valley is being and should continue to be guided." These principles have not always been appreciated by the local units, however, and their occasional unwillingness to assume responsibilities or to fulfil obligations to each other have presented problems that have tended to hinder the most successful conduct of the public ownership program. In fact, the readjustments in inter-governmental relations that have sometimes been necessitated, especially in connection with the power program and the resulting loss of taxes, have in some instances been accompanied by painful and significant friction.


4‐(Methyl‐nitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) is an important carcinogen in cigarette smoke, while ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from sunlight is a major factor for causing skin aging and skin cancer. However, little is known about the effects of the interaction between NNK and UV light on the induction of DNA damage and oxidative stress. In this study, we incubated human white blood cells (WBCs) with NNK, followed by irradiating the cells with ultraviolet A (UVA) (320–380 nm), and we measured DNA strand breaks (by the Comet or single‐cell gel electrophoresis assay), lipid peroxidation (as thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, TABRS), and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that preincubation with 1.0 mM NNK, followed by UVA irradiation (7.6 kJ/m2) synergistically increased DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and the level of intracellular ROS in WBCs, while NNK or UVA alone had little or no effect. Electron spin resonance spectroscopic analyses showed that NNK plus UVA enhanced the UVA‐induced generation of singlet oxygen but not hydroxyl radicals. In addition to ROS, bioactivation of NNK by cytochromes P450 (CYP) to form reactive NNK intermediates may also be involved in the synergistic damage to WBCs by NNK plus UVA. This is evidenced by the synergistic increase in N7‐methylguanine (7‐mGua), a major DNA adduct produced by NNK. Overall, the present study demonstrates that exposure of WBCs to both NNK and UVA synergistically increases DNA damage and lipid peroxidation and that such effects involve enhanced generation of ROS, especially singlet oxygen, and activation of NNK to7‐mGua by CYP. The results imply that NNK is a phototoxic agent. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The operation and quality of assessment activities and procedures is closely bound up with the wider educational, economic and social infrastructure of a country. This paper reviews educational assessment in one of the world's poorest countries, and discusses the factors that determine how assessment and examinations are structured, and how their outcomes are used. The authors describe developments that have sought to bring about change and improvement, and review the factors that continue to limit these developments, whilst recognising the enormous progress that has already been made.


PHENYLKETONURIA is an inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized biochemically by a deficiency of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase, inability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine an...


The CPS is the cornerstone of the United States labor market information system. It provides monthly statistics that serve as a measure of both current labor force utilization and the overall performance of the economy. CPS data provide an indication of how well the labor market is functioning in providing jobs to those who are seeking work. These data are used for both cyclical and secular trend analysis and also form the basis for the official U.S. labor force projections. The CPS is also used for a program of special inquiries on particular segments, or particular characteristics of the population and labor force such as income and poverty, work experience and migration, school enrollment and educational attainment, and fertility. In addition, it is a widely used microdata source for research on a variety of labor market and social science topics.


Objective:To understand VCT clinic of those HIV infection and behavioral characteristics in Daxing District in recent years,to provide the basis of China′s AIDS prevention and control strategies.Methods: Serum samples were collected voluntary testing,screening using the ELISA method,positive results sent for laboratory confirmation to review confirmed.Results: 2 cases of AIDS were diagnosed,VCT of 0.82% of total.Conclusion: On the one hand to play a certain effect of advocacy work,people have more awareness of AIDS,on the other hand shows,with the improvement of living standards resulting from openness caused by the increase in risk behavior,this has put pressure on AIDS.Proposed to speed up the pace of building spiritual civilization,promote positive values,values to guide the pursuit of people′s lives.


Nineteen patients with roof impingement of an anterior cruciate ligament graft had their grafts inspected during second-look arthroscopy. The diagnosis of roof im pingement was suspected from the clinical findings of an effusion, extension deficit, recurrent instability, or an terior knee pain. The diagnosis was confirmed when a portion of the tibial tunnel was anterior to the tibial in tersection of the slope of the intercondylar roof on a lateral roentgenogram of the fully extended knee. Dur ing second-look arthroscopy the impinged anterior cru ciate ligament graft had one or more of the following features: fractured bundles, guillotined remnants at the tibial insertion, parallel fragmentation of an uninter rupted graft, fibrous nodule, or an extrusion of graft ma terial at the outlet of the notch. We hypothesize that these changes in the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament graft are caused by mechanical injury from roof impingement. Clinical Relevance. One should suspect that a patient with an effusion, extension deficit, recurrent instability, or anterior knee pain after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may have roof impingement. A lateral roentgenogram in full extension is diagnostic if the tibial tunnel is anterior to the intercondylar roof. The surgeon should be aware that impinged grafts can have a variety of arthroscopic appearances in addition to the previ ously reported fibrous nodule or Cyclops lesion.


particular health service intervention would appear to rule out the utility of pre-operative education, at least for bypass surgery amongst white working males (the subjects for this particular trial). These data are, however, in conflict with much earlier research into the value of pre-operative education on the basis of meta-analyses of studies which concluded that such education was beneficial. However, these earlier studies are old (largely conducted in the pre-1990s), used less reliable methods, and suffered from short-term follow-up. More recent and reliable studies have also demonstrated positive patient outcomes from personal education to patients and their carers, but have been conducted in select patient populations in situations other than preoperatively. For example, a number of studies have demonstrated the benefits of nurse-led interventions to educate patients regarding heart failure care post discharge from hospital. Much of the positive effect seen in these varied studies appears to relate to the educational component of the intervention, particularly relating to recognition of worsening heart failure and the importance of concordance with medication. Other studies have demonstrated the benefits of tailored education on self-management in discreet patient cohorts, such as in children admitted to hospital with asthma, primary care asthma and diabetes follow-up or in improved cytology screening. Intuitively, we would expect better patient education to result in beneficial outcomes. So why might this trial have produced negative results? Perhaps the most important factor relates to the site of the intervention. The hospital where the study was conducted operates a longstanding programme of educating patients at the point of admission for bypass surgery. The control population were not therefore a placebo group since they received education, but at a later date than that provided to the intervention group and possibly of lower intensity. One possible explanation for the negative results is therefore that there is only so much education that is likely to be beneficial. However, it is also noteworthy that, of the 1018 eligible patients approached See doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2897 for the article to which this Editorial refers


Abstract This study reset the Examination Criteria for Energy Use Plan by the project sector so that the Consultation about Energy Use Plan would play an effective role in reaching the National Energy Policy Issues, and to prevent complaints from the superintendent of the project & agent engaged in the project. To achieve this aim, consultation case analysis was carried out from 2001 to 2010 and the National Energy Master Plan was reviewed. The predicted effect of energy savings calculated by reset Examination Criteria on the 1 st energy demand target at 2030 was 2.5%, the effect of new and renewable energy utilization on a new and renewable energy supply target at 2030 was 3% and the rate of CO 2 reduction to greenhouse gas emission BAU at 2020 was 1.1% Key Words : Agent Engaged in Project, BAU, Consultation about Energy Use Plan, Examination Criteria, Superintendent, National Energy Master Plan 본 논문은 가천대학교 연구과제로 수행되었음.(과제번호 GCU-2013-R356) * Corresponding Author : Kwang-Soo Suh(Gachon Univ.)Tel: +82-11-9760-8641 email: firstname.lastname@example.com September 26, 2013 Revised (1st November 11, 2013, 2nd November 19, 2013) Accepted December 5, 2013


In this work, complex-coupled DFB laser under loss coupling mechanism with multi-quantum well (MQW) structure and absorptive region inserted in the Bragg index grating was fabricated in a simpler process and the effect of quantum well numbers on the optical characteristics (threshold current, quantum efficiency) of laser diode was measured at room and high temperatures for the evaluation.


Background/Objectives: This study examined the effects of introducing programming as a technological tool for teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) development.Methods/Statistical Analysis: Thirty-two teachers were divided into two groups, completing different types of TPACK educational programs. The control group's TPACK training program was based on information and communication technology (ICT), while that of the experimental group was based on programming. To verify the effectiveness of the TPACK training program, tests were administered before and after the educational program. A statistical analysis of questionnaire results also investigated changes resulting from TPACK.Findings: Both the control and experimental groups showed statistically significant improvements in the post-test compared with the pre-test. However, in the detailed areas of TPACK by group, the improvements in the two groups differed. Unlike the control group, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge related to technology. This result illustrated that programming is effective in solving the problem of integrating technology into the classroom. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the post-test, as this was applied in the short term. However, programming has been shown to affect Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and TPACK. In summary, the results showed that a TPACK educational program based on programming is effective for teachers' TPACK development. Keywords: TPACK, In-service teacher, Programming, TPACK-P, Educational program


In this paper,the artificial pollution cycle test equipment was established.Nature conditions(pollution quantity,wind,rain,fog) which influence the pollution degree of the transmission line insulators were simulated artificially.The test conditions of artificial pollution cycle testing were confirmed on the base of analyzing climatic characteristics in East China and the artificial pollution cycle testing were performed on the insulators which frequently are used in East China,meanwhile long term pollution accumulated characteristics of these insulators were obtained.By comparison with the test data from nature pollution accumulated on online insulators,the equivalence of artificial pollution cycle testing was demonstrated.


Many spectral indices have been proposed to derive aerial nitrogen (N) status parameters of crops in recent decades. However, most of red light based spectral indices easily loss sensitivity at moderate-high aboveground biomass. The objective of present study is to assess the performance of red edge based Chlorophyll Canopy Content Index (CCCI) in deriving N concentration and aerial N uptake of maize (Zea mays L.). The CCCI was developed based on a two dimensional method with the use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) accounting for variation in canopy coverage, and the normalized difference red edge (NDRE) accounting for measuring of crop N. Experiments including different N rates in maize were conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Quzhou County of the North China Plain. The spectral indices were derived from simulated GreenSeeker and Crop Circle active crop canopy sensor bands. The results indicated that growth stages had a significantly influences on the relationships between spectral indices and aerial N related indicators. The two-dimensional CCCI were found to be more stable and better predictors than traditional red light based NDVI and RVI in estimating aerial N concentration and the aerial N uptake. For aerial N concentration, values of coefficient of correlation (r) ranged from 0.54 to 0.82. For aerial N uptake, r values ranged from 0.75 to 0.84. The relationship between CCCI and aerial N concentration was better under full maize cover conditions. We concluded that CCCI using the planar domain index approach significantly improved the prediction power of red edge dependent vegetation indices in deriving the aerial N status. The findings from this study are potentially useful to manage N fertilizer application in maize.


A method of forming a laminate adhesive article includes providing a tool having a multi-layered article, and the structured surface. This multilayer article comprises a substrate, an adhesive layer, and it contains a liner, or adhesive layer, and may include only the liner. This multilayer article is arranged between the structured surface and the support surface of the tool, the tool is to emboss the liner by applying a combination of pressure or pressure and heat. Embossing, a structure on the surface of the tool, but causes distort the liner and the adhesive layer, not to distort the substrate. Distortion of the liner is applied pressure is also held is released. Removal of the liner from the adhesive layer, the structure on the adhesive layer becomes unstable, not immediately collapse.


Abstract We have microscopically observed the textures of very large droplets of cholesteric liquid crystal in a polymer matrix under the influence of an electric field E. When E = 0, the droplets exhibit rings and often a disclination line extends from the centre to the periphery of the droplet. As E increases, the droplet undergoes a progressive transition to a uniform-appearing texture. This uniform region first occurs near the centre of the droplet, then increases in radius as the field is increased. We propose that the field-off texture corresponds to the Frank-Pryce spherulite model while the uniform field-on texture is the planar texture.


Even in crowded metropolitan areas, Japan's temple precincts preserve not only architecture, but the garden traditions of earlier centuries as well. To step into a temple garden is, in effect, to tread the paths of Japanese aesthetic history. This time travel experience is not unlike venturing into a medieval church situated in a modern Western metropolis. The recognized religious traditions survive in the layout and rationale of Japan's gardens: Shinto, Buddhist, and Confucian. This book explores the distinct priorities and vocabularies of these traditions as expressed in the elements of garden design, historically tracing their shared features and their interactions at particular sites. Amply illustrated, it orients the reader to the different functions of gardens, such as whether they are to be looked at or walked in.


The invention relates to a control device, in particular to an energy-saving control power unit used for a computer. The power unit can automatically turn off a power source of a peripheral unit connected with the computer in a delaying mode and is simple, reliable, cheap and good in energy-saving effect and used for the computer. An energy-saving control circuit is easy to use reliably, cheap and good in energy-saving effect. If the energy-saving control power unit can become a standard of designing the power source of the computer, waste of energy can be greatly reduced.