A number of recent tailings dams failures have brought the slope stability analysis of tailings dams to the forefront. The geotechnical practice has focused on the stability of individual structures through the use of 2D limit equilibrium analysis. Such analysis have typically been applied to unique profiles of geotechnically designed structures. However, such analysis has not typically been applied over large areas. It is often too costly to analyze multiple cross-sections in a longer tailings retention structure considering varying subsurface stratigraphy. The recent failures show us that increased rigor of analysis is one aspect that requires further consideration in the geotechnical analysis of such structures. This paper presents a methodology of combining the exacting calculations of the 2D and 3D limit equilibrium method with the long structures for a tailings dam analysis. Such analysis has been termed a "Multi-plane analysis" (MPA) approach. The new method could be applied to the analysis of long engineered structures such as tailings dams and allows the geotechnical engineer access to analysis information of greater detail. The method can be based on 2D or 3D calculations and also allows the analysis of corners, abutments and other geotechnical design features that are not capable of being analyzed in 2D planes. There are two difficulties with this approach. Firstly, the engineer must make an assumption regarding the difference between the 2D and the 3D factor of safety. Secondly, the engineer is assuming that the slice they have selected at the site is the critical slice. This traditionally approach has been accepted because i) the view is that the 2D analysis Factor of Safety (FOS) is conservative, that is, it is lower than a more accurate 3D analysis FOS. The engineers "eyeball" judgement as far as WHERE the critical slip may occur has been relegated to the department of professional judgement. This paper demonstrates how a slope stability analysis can be performed in an improved manner by taking into account both the 3D aspects of the analysis as well as determining the potential location of the critical slip surface. 1.1 EXTRUDING 2D TO 3D – SLIP SHAPE DIFFERENCES It is of importance to understand the difference between the slip shape analyzed in a 2D analysis as opposed to a 3D analysis. In a 2D analysis the slip shape is ultimately extended infinitely in the 3rd dimension and shear on the end surfaces is not considered. An example 2D analysis is presented in Figure 1. The equivalent 3D analysis is shown in Figure 2 where there is no shear strength applied to the vertical end surfaces. Figure 1 Example 2D stability analysis Figure 2 Equivalent 3D analysis (slip surface exploded out of slope) It should be noted that a simple proof of a 3D analysis can be done by creating a 3D model of a 2D extruded slip surface and applying zero shear strength to the end-walls. This is an easy way to prove the 3D equivalent scenario of any 2D analysis. It also highlights the fundamental limitation of a 2D analysis which i) considers the slip to be of infinite length in the 3rd dimension and ii) does not consider the influence of shear strength on the end surfaces. 2 SLIP SURFACE SHAPE EFFECT If an engineer wants to strictly determine the difference that slip surface shape makes then it is easiest to extrude a 2D profile model out to 3D space to determine the factor of safety of a slip surface assuming an ellipsoidal slip surface. It is recognized that not all 3D slip surfaces are of a perfect ellipsoidal shape but a majority of slips are an ellipsoidal shape. Therefore it was considered a reasonable starting assumption by the authors. The benefit of this type of analysis is it allows the engineer to determine the effect on the factor of safety (FOS) of moving from a 2D plane-strain analysis to a 3D analysis with an ellipsoidal slip surface. When the slope is extruded to 3D then an aspect ratio for the ellipsoid must be found through a trial-and-error process. For the present paper a number of example models were selected as benchmark 2D models and a few are presented in Figure 3 and Figure 4. These models were selected out of list of classic slope stability benchmarks as compiled by SoilVision Systems Ltd. A common question related to 3D analysis is: "Won't a 3D analysis of an extruded profile tend to an ever wider and wider 3D elliptical slip surface as it tries to approach the 2D result (with its lower FOS)?". One of the key aspects to answering this question is related to the assumption of the slip surface shape. If the shape is cylindrical with small beveled or rounded ends then as the cylinder becomes longer and longer the effects of the shear on the ends theoretically becomes a smaller and smaller percentage contribution. It should be noted, however that the "extended cylinder" described in the above argument is not a common slip surface failure shape in the field. If we assume an elliptical slip surface failure then the results illustrate that the failure does not tend to be infinitely wide as previously assumed. Figure 5 shows the results of extruding the VS_24 model to an equivalent 3D numerical model. It can be seen from this extruded model that a wide range of aspect ratios for the ellipsoid have been tried (the trial slip surfaces have been plotted) and the ellipsoid with the minimum FOS corresponds to an aspect ratio of 16.8 with a minimum FOS of 1.72 which is a 19.6% increase over the 2D FOS of 1.438. The results of extruding three such 2D models to 3D are shown in Table 1. It can also be seen from these results that the difference for simple and lowangle slopes between the 2D and 3D FOS ranges between 4.3% to 20%. Table 1 Results of 2D profiles extruded to 3D Model FOS Max Depth (m) FOS Aspect Max Depth (m) Diff VS_1 0.988 1.031 4.8 3.013 4.35% VS_3 1.375 4.76 1.45 8.6 4.56 5.45% VS_24 1.438 6.889 1.72 16.8 6.814 19.61% 2-D 3-D Figure 3 VS_1 2D profile model Figure 4 VS_24 2D profile model Figure 5 VS_24 Extruded 3D model with critical slip surface 3 GROUND SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY VARIATIONS The second primary reason why 3D analysis differs from 2D analysis is that there may be variation of the surface topology Such variation can produce differences in the computed FOS. Such variations can largely be grouped into surface shapes which are convex or concave. While it is recognized that typical topography may be highly variable, the general trends can be easily quantified with simple concave and convex shapes. Such an analysis has been performed (Zhang, 2015; Domingos, 2014) and the geometry for the comparison can be seen in Figure 6. Figure 6 Convex and concave geometries used in 3D simulations From analyzing the geometry it can be seen that i) the consideration of such geometries results in an increase in the computed FOS over a 2D scenario and ii) the consideration of unsaturated shear strengths further increases the computed FOS in 3D. Thus it can also be surmised that the consideration of 3D geometries in a 3D numerical model can often result in computed FOS values which are higher than 2D analysis and have the potential to save on construction costs in the design of slopes. Figure 7 Differences between 2D and 3D computed FOS for convex and concave saturated/unsaturated slopes (Zhang, 2014) The results of the influence of surface topology suggest that the consideration of such influence may not be trivial. The consideration of 3D effects of topology may therefore be useful in the practical application of 3D slope stability. 4 2D MULTI-PLANE ANALYSIS One of the secondary issues with a standard 2D geotechnical analysis is that the geotechnical engineer may not know the correct location of the 2D plane which produces a critical factor of safety. A classic example of such a problem was presented by Jian (2003). The example presents a simple slope to illustrate two problems with conventional 2D plane-strain stability analysis; namely that the location of the slip as well as the correct factor of safety can be difficult to determine from this relatively straightforward example. Multi-plane analysis (MPA) allows the engineer to quickly perform hundreds or thousands of analyses around a slope quickly using parallel computations. In the 2D MPA analysis method the slope is sliced into 2D profiles each of which is a full 2D LEM analysis. Each slice is analyzed and the results are then plotted over top of the original 3D slope therefore giving a spatial perspective to the many 2D slices. Each slice is oriented such that the primary slip direction is the steepest slope. Since the slip may not happen on the steepest slope the MPA analysis method can be specified such that multiple orientations, such as +/10 degrees can be analyzed. In this way the most likely slip orientation can also be determined. Figure 8 Example of slope difficult to analyze in 2D plane strain (Jiang, 2003) The analysis of slope in Figure 8 can be seen in Figure 9. From the analysis we can see the critical zone clearly outlined as to the left of the nose of the hill. This is counter-intuitive from the sense that most engineers would feel that the point of the nose of this model would yield the lowest FOS value. Therefore this illustrates the value of using analytical procedures to determine the correct location of a probable failure zone in an irregular topology. This result must also be noted that it is only the result of 2D slices through differing spatial locations in the 3D model. There is no relation implied or computed between the slices so the 3D lateral effects on the slope are not considered. Therefore the model must be considered as an indication of a probable failure zone but not a definitive analysis which considers 3D effects. It can be seen in Figure 10 that the methodology can be applied to real-world designs with complex geometries in order to provide a comprehensive view of where critical slip surfaces may occur. Figure 9 Exa


Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification was used to study the genetic diversity between three populations of the Sicilian-Sardinian dairy sheep breed. This breed is only found in the north of Tunisia (Beja and Bizerte governorates) where the climate is subhumid (> 600 mm / year) and is favorable to large forage production. The studied animals belong to three regions: Gnadil (Beja), Nagachia (Beja) and Fretissa (Bizerte). In total, 153 bands were amplified and all were polymorphic (100%). Within populations, the Nei's gene diversity, the Shannon index and the percentage of polymorphic loci were between 0.08 and 0.16, 0.13 and 0.27 and 30.72% and 77.78% respectively. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) and the gene flow (Nm) between populations varied from 0.12-0.2 and 1.99-3.65. The UPGMA dendrogram, grouping the three studied populations, based on the Nei's standard genetic distances showed that the populations of Nagachia and Fretissa are genetically the closest while the population of Gnadil is the most distant one.


Background and Aims Tobacco is a heavy metal accumulator that uptakes Cd and Pb in large amounts depending on soil type and soil physicochemical properties. Cadmium and lead are heavy metals of greatest concern because of their toxicity and cumulative nature. Tobacco bio-accumulates Cd and Pb incorporated in the soil as a result of excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, irrigation with polluted water, contaminated mulches and polluted run-off that interacts with the soil. This study used six sets of experimental soils with different pH, EC, % OM to investigated influence of soil physico-chemical properties on uptake of Cd and Pb in tobacco. Methods Tobacco seedlings were transplanted to fields for growth till 75, 90 and 105 days for first, second and third harvest respectively. Harvested leaves were cleaned, dried, ground and acid digested before analyzed for Cd and Pb by AAS. Results The soil with lowest pH (6.63+0.01) recorded highest uptake of Cd (23.53 + 0.14) and Pb (38.28+0.17), while soil with highest % OM (soil 1, 17.17%, EC 1.38ds/m) had the lowest Cd and Pb concentration levels of 7.3 and 20.30 ugg respectively. Conclusions Physico-chemical properties affects levels of Cd and Pb uptake in tobacco. The tobacco grown in amended soils is within WHO/FAO limits. The results suggest that heavy metals uptake in tobacco is reduced by soil amendments that alters soil physico-chemical properties indicating that tobacco can be grown in heavy metal polluted areas using soil amendments.


The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce a mechanism that could be applied to the "Iron Atherosclerosis Hypothesis". Published data from eleven countries clearly indicate that the mortality from cardiovascular diseases is correlated with liver iron, thus the hypothesis. The bridging field of biomagnetism is herein presented as a tool for the scientific explanation for this illness. Atherosclerosis is a disease directly linked to high mortality and morbidity due to a several risks factors; and in spite of several behavioral modifications and drug therapy the prevalence of the disease continues. Amongst one of the factors influencing the disease progression is high iron levels in blood. Studies show post-menopausal women having a greater incidence of vascular disease that were correlated with higher levels of stored iron in this population. It has been stated that like any other theory in cardiovascular medicine, the iron-atherosclerosis hypothesis will undergo many trials and tribulations before it is proven or refuted. This manuscript re-introduces documentation of an intrinsic property of in vivo human tissue, which is attracting very fine iron particles. It must be noted that iron is a paramagnetic material, therefore attracted to a magnetic field.


The purpose of this study was to determine the level of individual taxpayer compliance in meeting tax obligations, to determine the relationship between culture and ethics of the individual taxpayer compliance to meet tax obligations. The data used in this study is the primary data. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. Quantitative methods are used to determine the relationship between culture and ethics of the individual taxpayer compliance in this case used a simple linear correlation and a signi cant t test. Based on the analysis by using SPSS version 17 o'clock then concluded there is a correlation to the culture of compliance by 1 to 0.334, and 0.414 for ethics. This shows the relation between culture, that was strong and ethical on the level of individual taxpayer compliance.


Mutations of the homeotic gene proboscipedia (pb) of Drosophila cause striking transformations of the adult mouthparts, to legs or antennae. We report here an analysis of the gene structure of pb. Coding sequences across a 34 kb interval yield, by alternative splicing, four identified mRNA forms which differ immediately upstream of the homeobox. As a consequence, the homeodomain is expected to reside in four different contexts in the predicted protein isoforms. Mammalian homologs of pb, human HOX‐2H and murine Hox‐2.8, were identified based on the similarities of their homeodomains (95% identity) and several other conserved motifs. Examination of a collection of pb mutant alleles with antisera directed against the N‐terminal region, the center or the C‐terminal region of the protein showed that, surprisingly, several partial loss‐of‐function pb alleles appear to generate partially functional proteins truncated at their C‐termini. This suggests that a significant portion of the protein contributes quantitatively to pb function, but is partially dispensable. Finally, evolutionary considerations suggest that pb may be one of several ancient genes which preceded the process yielding the modern homeotic gene complexes.


The present invention relates to an Internet mail client system and a control method for mobile devices using a remote computer. Internet mail client system for a mobile device according to the invention corresponding to the mail processing function item requested via a user interface on a mobile device, and a mobile device provided with a user interface for controlling the operation of the remote locations can be connected to a mail server computer, the remote computer operation is controlled to run on the remote computer and is provided with a control server for reporting the operation state of the remote computer to the mobile device. The control server will take over some functions of the remote computer can not use a remote computer. According to the present invention, it is possible to perform the level-mail operation, for example via a mobile device at any place directly performed in a personal computer. Mail, mobile, remote control, Internet access, data synchronization


We present a novel architectural enhancement of Channel Boosting in deep convolutional neural network (CNN). This idea of Channel Boosting exploits both the channel dimension of CNN (learning from multiple input channels) and Transfer learning (TL). TL is utilized at two different stages; channel generation and channel exploitation. In the proposed methodology, a deep CNN is boosted by various channels available through TL from already trained Deep Neural Networks, in addition to its own original channel. The deep architecture of CNN then exploits the original and boosted channels down the stream for learning discriminative patterns. Churn prediction in telecom is a challenging task due to high dimensionality and imbalanced nature of the data and it is therefore used to evaluate the performance of the proposed Channel Boosted CNN (CB CNN). In the first phase, discriminative informative features are being extracted using a staked autoencoder, and then in the second phase, these features are combined with the original features to form Channel Boosted images. Finally, the knowledge gained by a pre trained CNN is exploited by employing TL. The results are promising and show the ability of the Channel Boosting concept in learning complex classification problem by discerning even minute differences in churners and non churners. The proposed work validates the concept observed from the evolution of recent CNN architectures that the innovative restructuring of a CNN architecture may increase the representative capacity of the network.


Problems that were outlined in this paper is whether the use of learning modules to improve learning outcomes of students in maintaining competence / AC system service and whether there are significant differences in learning outcomes between students who use learning modules with students who do not use the learning module. This study aimed to determine whether the use of learning modules can enhance learners' learning outcomes and to determine whether there are significant differences in learning outcomes between students who use learning modules to the students who did not use the learning module. This study uses experimental design type test control group pre-post test. The study population was all class XII students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Boja TKR. Samples were taken in the study only two classes, namely class XII TKR2 number of 32 students as the experimental class and class XII students TKR 3 some 33 students as control classes.The results of the data analysis found that the use of learning modules to improve learning outcomes compared with no use of learning modules, and there are significant differences in learning outcomes between students who use learning modules with students who are not using the learning modules. the number of students in the experimental class scored above 65% KKM. While the number of students in the control class scored above KKM is only 30.3%. So it can be said an experimental class superior grade 35.32% compared to the control.


Embodiments of the invention provide a method and apparatus for protecting a susceptor during a cleaning operation by loading a ceramic cover substrate containing either aluminum nitride or beryllium oxide onto the susceptor before introducing the cleaning agent into the chamber. In one embodiment, an aluminum nitride ceramic cover substrate is provided which includes an aluminum nitride ceramic wafer having a thermal conductivity of greater than 160 W/m-K, a circular-shaped geometry having a diameter within a range from about 11 inches to about 13 inches, a thickness within a range from about 0.030 inches to about 0.060 inches, and a flatness of about 0.010 inches or less. The thermal conductivity may be about 180 W/m-K, about 190 W/m-K, or greater. The thickness may be within a range from about 0.035 inches to about 0.050 inches, and the flatness may be about 0.008 inches, about 0.006 inches, or less.


Abstract We introduce a transparent version of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) wherein the walkers stick to the aggregate with probability μ less than unity and are allowed to penetrate the aggregate. We study this model in one spatial dimension. We show that the ensemble average of this process is in the steady state only when one takes the average in the instuntaneous frame of the lead particle. We calculate this average exactly for μ near one. For small sticking probability, we introduce a mean-field treatment. As opposed to the standard mean-field treatments of DLA, our version, based on our novel ensemble average, shows no singular behaviour and no need for ad-hoc cut-off procedures. This mean-field treatment in quantitatively accurate as long as μ is not too small and qualitatively correct for all μ. We discuss the quantitative breakdown of the mean-field treatment for very small μ and directions towards improvement. The implications of these findings and future directions for research are also ...


Since the initiation of haidai (Laminaria japonica) cultivation on large scale in china,several kinds of diseases have been identified, among which the most serious and most commonare the "Green Rot", "White Rot" and "Spot Rot" diseases of the thalli. A preliminary st-udy on the pathological anatomy of the diseased thalli was made and the following resultswere obtained: 1. In the parts of the thalli diseased with "White Rot", the cells were empty, havingpractically lost all their protoplasm and with no or very few chromatophores. In those disea-sed with "Green Rot", the cells had very scanty protoplasm and their chromatophores were inthe process of disorganization, appearing greenish instead of brownish as in the normal cells.No bacteria were found in the cells in the early stages of both these diseases. There fore weagree with the earlier authors that these two diseases are not caused by bacterial infection. 2. In the parts of thalli diseased with "Spot Rot", small white spots were first formed,which later grew larger and finally became large holes. Examination of the white spots re-vealed that the protoplasm and chromatophores were absent in cells, and the holes were eachsurrounded by a distinct, deeply colored ring of cells. It is our opinion that this disease, likethe above two, is not caused by bacterial infection, although in the later stages of the diseasebacterial growth may help its spread.


S Canadian Association of Neuropathologists ABSTRACTS (JAN) aCGH Array CGH Analysis and Developmental Delay: A Diagnostic Tool for Neurologists (NOV) ACOUSTIC NEUROMA Recovery from Deafness in the Contralateral Ear of Surgery in NF 2 Patient (SEPT) ACUTE FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE Acute Fulminant Hepatic Failure, Encephalopathy and Early CT Changes (JULY) ACUTE HIV-1 INFECTION Bilateral Peripheral Facial Paralysis Combined with HIV Meningitis (NOV) ACUTE ICHEMIC STROKE Association of Serum Bilirubin with Stroke Severity and Clinical Outcomes (JAN) ACUTE PANCREATITIS Levetiracetam Induced Acute Pancreatitis Case in Pregnancy (NOV) ACUTE SUBDURAL HEMATOMA Rapid Resolution of Acute Subdural Hematoma in a Coagulopathic Patient (JULY) ACUTE TRANSVERSE MYELITIS Bacillus Thuringiensis Poisoning Related Acute Transverse Myelitis (MAY) ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS Screening for Adhesive Capsulitis in the Timely Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (JAN) ASSESSMENT Discrimination of the Cognitive Profiles of MCI and Depression using the KBNA (SEPT) ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID STENOSIS Diabetes, Intracranial Stenosis and Microemboli in Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis (MAR) ATYPICAL PARKINSONISM The Value of GRE, ADC and Routine MRI in Distinguishing Parkinsonian Disorders (MAY) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM A Step Toward Moving Forward in Autonomic Nervous System Research (NOV) AUTONOMIC REFLEX SCREEN The Autonomic Reflex Screen in Healthy Participants from Southwestern Ontario (NOV) AVM Factors Determining the Clinical Complications of Radiosurgery for AVM (NOV) AWAKE CRANIOTOMY Wearable Video Display Allowing Freedom in Head Positioning for Brain Mapping (JAN) Acute Neurological Complication in Awake Craniotomy; A Diagnostic Dilemma (JULY) BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS POISONING Bacillus Thuringiensis Poisoning Related Acute Transverse Myelitis (MAY) BEHENIC ACID Can Behenic Acid (C22:0) Levels be a Prognostic Factor in Glial Tumors? (NOV) BEVACIZUMAB Bevacizumab Use for Recurrent High-Grade Glioma at McGill University Hospital (MAR) BIOETHICS Priority Setting in Neurosurgery as Exemplified by an Everyday Challenge (MAY) BLINK RATE Spontaneous Blink Rates in Children During Different Types of Eye Movements (SEPT) BLOOD PRESSURE Acute Neurological Complication in Awake Craniotomy; A Diagnostic Dilemma (JULY) BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A Effectiveness of BoNT A in Parkinson Disease Upper Limb Tremor Management (SEPT) AIDS Bilateral Peripheral Facial Paralysis Combined with HIV Meningitis (NOV) ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Meta-Analysis on the Association Between the TF Gene rs1049296 and AD (SEPT) Persistence with Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease (SEPT) AMYLOID Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Presenting with TIA-like Episodes (MAY) AMYLOIDOSIS Amyloid Myoneuropathy Mimicking Inclusion Body Myositis (MAR) AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS Establishing a Canadian Registry of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (JAN) Epidemiological Surveillance of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Saguenay Region (SEPT) A Real-World Glimpse into the Epidemiology of ALS in Canada (SEPT) ANEURYSM Hemiparkinsonism Due to Coiled Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm (JAN) ANGIOARCHITECTURE Factors Determining the Clinical Complications of Radiosurgery for AVM (NOV) Symptomatic Cerebral Edema Following Radiosurgery for AVMs (NOV) ANGIOCENTRIC 45-Year-Old Female with a 25 Year History of Seizures (JAN) ANGIOPATHY Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Presenting with TIA-like Episodes (MAY) ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA Acute-Onset Anterograde Amnesia Caused by Isolated Bilateral Fornix Infarction (SEPT) ANTI-GAD ANTIBODY GABAergic Changes in 11C-Flumazenil PET in the Drug-Naïve Stiff-Person Syndrome (JAN) APPARENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT The Value of GRE, ADC and Routine MRI in Distinguishing Parkinsonian Disorders (MAY) ART Preserved Drawing in a Sculptor with Dementia (SEPT) LE JOURNAL CANADIEN DES SCIENCES NEUROLOGIQUES Volume 40, No. 6 – November 2013 909 BRAIN ANATOMY Niels Stensen: A 17th Century Scientist with a Modern View of Brain Organization (JULY) BRAIN ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION Symptomatic Cerebral Edema Following Radiosurgery for AVMs (NOV) BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuated Neuropathic Pain by Reducing Oxidative Stress (NOV) BRAIN MAPPING Wearable Video Display Allowing Freedom in Head Positioning for Brain Mapping (JAN) BRAIN METASTASES Calcified Brain Metastases from Osteosarcoma (MAR) The Technique and Cost of Radiosurgery for the Treatment of 1-3 Brain Metastases (NOV) BRAIN RESERVE CAPACITY Preserved Drawing in a Sculptor with Dementia (SEPT) BRAINSTEM The Expressions of Wnt/β-catenin Pathway-Related Components in Brainstem Gliomas (MAY) BRAINSTEM GLIOMA Correlation Between MRI Findings and Histological Diagnosis of Brainstem Glioma (MAY) BRAIN TUMOR Neurosurgical Management of Intracranial Metastatic Mesothelioma (NOV) Diagnostic Challenges of Radiation Necrosis (NOV) BURDEN The Burden of Inpatient Neurologic Disease in a Tropical African Hospital (JULY) CALCA GENE POLYMORPHISM Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Gene Polymorphism in Migraine Patients (SEPT) CALCIFICATION Calcified Brain Metastases from Osteosarcoma (MAR) CANADA Epilepsy Care and Research in Canada (JULY) CARDIOPULMONARY DYSFUNCTIONS Pulmonary Edema and Simultaneous Cardiac Dysfunction After Epileptic Seizures (NOV) CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC REFLEXES A Step Toward Moving Forward in Autonomic Nervous System Research (NOV) CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR TREATMENT Persistence with Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease (SEPT) CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuated Neuropathic Pain by Reducing Oxidative Stress (NOV) CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy and Metastatic Melanoma (SEPT) CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA One Versus Double Burr Holes for Treating Chronic Subdural Hematoma Meta-Analysis (JAN) CIDP Home IVIG for CIDP: A Focus on Patient Centred Care (MAY) CIPROFLOXACIN Ciprofloxacin Induced Acute Small Fibre Neuropathy. Case Report (JAN) CIRCLE OF WILLIS Persistent Trigeminal Artery: An Unusual Rescue Vessel Collateralization? (MAY) CLINICAL NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CONFERENCE CNPC: A Case of Stroke and Blindness (SEPT) CLINICAL OUTCOMES Association of Serum Bilirubin with Stroke Severity and Clinical Outcomes (JAN) CLINICAL RESEARCH Establishing a Canadian Registry of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (JAN) CLINICAL TRIALS Experiences with the Execution of Intercultural, Intercontinental Trials – Part I (MAY) Unique Experiences with Intercontinental Trials in Stroke – Part II (SEPT) COAGULOPATHY Rapid Resolution of Acute Subdural Hematoma in a Coagulopathic Patient (JULY) COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT Screening for Cognitive Impairment in a Stroke Prevention Clinic Using the MoCA (MAR) Value of the MoCA Test as a Screening Instrument in Multiple Sclerosis (MAY) Visual Hallucinations and Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease (SEPT) CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Early Detection for Maximizing Stroke Prevention (MAR) CAREGIVING When Dementia is in the House: Needs Assessment Survey for Young Caregivers (JAN) CAROTID ARTERY Duplication of the Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Analyzed by MRI (MAY) CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY Wait Times for Carotid Endarterectomy, London Ontario 2006-2007 (MAY) Urgent Carotid Revascularization: The Gap Between Guidelines and Reality (MAY) Delays in Carotid Endarterectomy: The Process is the Problem (JULY) CCSVI An Observational Study of Venoplasty in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MAR) Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Following Venous Angioplasty (MAR) CEREBELLAR Multifocal Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma (NOV) CEREBELLUM The Role of the Cerebellum in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease (MAY) CEREBRAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS Long-term Results of Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations (MAR) CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA The Expression of FOXJ1 in Neurogenesis after Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia (MAY) CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS Reversible Parkinsonian Features in Deep Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (SEPT) CGRP Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Gene Polymorphism in Migraine Patients (SEPT) CHEMOTAXIS Advances in Experimental and Clinical Studies of Chemotaxis (MAY) CHILDREN Spontaneous Blink Rates in Children During Different Types of Eye Movements (SEPT) CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Vascular Cognitive Impairment (JULY) THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 910 CONCUSSIONS Evaluation of a Bicycle Helmet Safety Program for Children (SEPT) CONGENITAL OCULAR MOTOR APRAXIA The Syndrome of Infantile-Onset Saccade Initiation Delay (MAR) COPY NUMBER VARIATION Hippocampal Malrotation is Associated with Chromosome 22q11.2 Microdeletion (SEPT) CORTICAL LESIONS Where are Cortical Lesions Responsible for Opercular Syndrome? (JAN) CRANIAL NERVE PALSIES A Case of Collet-Sicard Syndrome Caused by Necrotizing Otitis Externa (MAR) CRANIOTOMY One Versus Double Burr Holes for Treating Chronic Subdural Hematoma Meta-Analysis (JAN) CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE Intra-abdominal T-cell Lymphoma Presenting with Seizures and MRI Changes (MAY) CT PERFUSION CT Perfusion in the Management of Acute Stroke (JULY) CUSHING'S DISEASE Impact of Technique on Cushing Disease Outcome Using Strict Remission Criteria (MAY) DELAY Delays in Carotid Endarterectomy: The Process is the Problem (JULY) DELIRIUM Delirium After Gabapentin Withdrawal. Case Report. (JAN) DEMENTIA Less Education Predicts Anticholinesterase Discontinuation in Dementia Patients (SEPT) Preserved Drawing in a Sculptor with Dementia (SEPT) DEPRESSION Discrimination of the Cognitive Profiles of MCI and Depression using the KBNA (SEPT) DEPTH ELECTRODE Depth Electrodes in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery (JAN) DERMAL SINUS Conflicting Diagnosis of Dermal Sinus Tract and Tethered Cord (NOV) DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY Array CGH Analysis and Developmental Delay: A Diagnostic Tool for Neurologists


Objective:To optimize the process for purification technology of total iridoid glycoside from Cape Jasmine Fruit.Methods: Orthogonal design is used to select the condition of purification,Jasminoidin is used to signal total iridoid glycoside of Cape Jasmine Fruit,and the contents were determined by HPLC method for evaluation of technology screening.Results: The purification technology of total iridoid glycoside of Cape Jasmine Fruit has been established,which is reliable and practical.


The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) is an American College of Radiology (ACR)‐endorsed diagnostic system of standardized terminology, interpretation, and reporting for imaging examinations of the liver in patients at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LI‐RADS assigns a category to observations in the liver indicating the likelihood of benignity or HCC. LI‐RADS categories include LR‐1: Definitely Benign, LR‐2: Probably Benign, LR‐3: Intermediate Probability for HCC, LR‐4: Probably HCC, LR‐5: Definite HCC, LR‐5V: Definite HCC with Tumor in Vein, LR‐Treated: Treated HCC, LR‐M Probable Malignancy, not specific for HCC. This article reviews the types of nodules seen in the cirrhotic liver, examines core LI‐RADS concepts and definitions, and utilizes the LI‐RADS v2014 algorithm to categorize representative observations depicted at magnetic resonance imaging in a case‐based approach. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:281–294.


High-spin excited states of $^{135}\mathrm{Pm}$ have been investigated using the $^{107}\mathrm{Ag}(^{32}\mathrm{S}$, $2p2n$) reaction at 145-MeV beam energy. Three negative-parity bands have been investigated up to $\ensuremath{\sim}9.0\ensuremath{-}$, $7.6\ensuremath{-}$, and $6.9\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{MeV}$ excitation energies with spin parities $(55/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, $(49/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, and $(47/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}})\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\hbar}$, respectively. The experimental results have been interpreted using the triaxial projected shell model. It is shown that the observation of the parallel band structures can be explained in terms of crossing of two $s$ bands with the yrast band, which is a rare phenomenon for an odd-$A$ nucleus. Further, the lifetimes of levels in yrast band have been extracted using Doppler shift attenuation method. The evaluated $B(E2)$ values of yrast states show the loss of collectivity at higher spin, attributed to the alignment process.


Background: In cases where ankle fracture union has been compromised by persistent syndesmotic diastasis following open reduction internal fixation, both external rotation and shortening of the fibula have been identified as prominent features. Objective: This study reports a technique that uses a z-osteotomy to achieve both lengthening and internal rotation of the fibula to correct persistent talar shift following ankle fracture fixation. Methods: Four patients with persistent talar shift following open reduction internal fixation for an ankle fracture received z-osteotomy of the fibula to achieve both lengthening and internal rotation. Results: At the latest clinic review, all 4 ankles exhibited satisfactory clinical and radiological union. All patients have returned to full mobility and are satisfied with the outcome. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of lengthening z-osteotomy of the fibula in correcting persistent talar shift following internal fixation of ankle fractures. Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level V


In a joint project involving two players of a two‐round effort investment game with complementary efforts, transparency, by allowing players to observe each other's efforts, achieves at least as much, and sometimes more, collective and individual efforts relative to a nontransparent environment. Without transparency multiple equilibria can arise, and transparency eliminates the inferior equilibria. When full cooperation arises only under transparency, it occurs gradually: No worker sinks in the maximum amount of effort in the first round, preferring instead to smooth out contributions over time. If the players' efforts are substitutes, transparency makes no difference to equilibrium efforts.


For offshore wind power steel-based forms of corrosion, corrosion measures and the sacrificial anode cathodic protection principle, the sacrificial anode cathodic protection detection system was developed. Sacrificial anode cathodic protection detection technology can improve the degree of automation, reduce offshore wind inspection staff security risks, facilitate the continuous detection of sacrificial anodes and performance analysis, its development direction is for the computer monitor extensions, including cathodic protection data collection, analyzing and detection, and it has broad application prospects.


This paper analyzes the architecture of Manufacturing Grid and introduces the security strategy of common certification and authority for Grid computing. On the basis of their structural characteristics,the use of a trusted tiered agent and the achievement a certification of users,a more secure authentication tiered agent models is established to ensure the safety of the system further.


Abstract A mesoscale atmospheric model, nested in operational global numerical weather prediction fields, is used to estimate low-level winds and surface wind stress through Nares Strait, between Ellesmere Island and Greenland, during 2 yr from August 2003 to July 2005. During most of the year, the model low-level winds are dominated by intense, southward along-strait flow, with monthly-mean southward 10-m winds reaching 10 m s−1 in winter. Summertime flow is weak and distributions of hourly along-strait winds during the 2-yr period are strongly bimodal. The strong southward low-level winds are associated with ageostrophic, orographically channeled flow down the pressure gradient from the Lincoln Sea to Baffin Bay and are highly correlated with the pressure difference along Nares Strait. The 2-yr means and leading EOFs of monthly-mean 10-m winds and wind stress place the strongest winds and stress in the southern parts of Smith Sound and of Kennedy Channel, at the openings to Baffin Bay and Kane Basin, at...


In several applications, the automatic identification of regions of interest in remote sensing images is based on the assessment of the similarity of associated time series, i.e., two regions are considered as belonging to the same class if the patterns found in their spectral information observed over time are somewhat similar. In this letter, we investigate the use of a genetic programming (GP) framework to discover an effective combination of time series similarity functions to be used in remote sensing classification tasks. Performed experiments in a Forest–Savanna classification scenario demonstrated that the GP framework yields effective results when compared with the use of traditional widely used similarity functions in isolation.


IN THE AUSTRIAN PROVINCE OF VORARLBERG, IN ADDITION TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A 14 KM LONG ARLBERG HIGHWAY TUNNEL IN 1974, ANOTHER TUNNEL WAS BEGUN. THIS IS THE PFAENDER HIGHWAY TUNNEL NEAR BREGENZ, CONSISTING OF TWO SHAFTS EACH OF 6.7 KM LENGTH, SCHEDULED FOR COMPLETION IN APPROXIMATELY FOUR YEARS AT A COST OF 1.5 MILLIARD AUSTRIAN SCHILLINGS. THIS WILL FORM THE CENTRAL POINT OF A 14.3 KM LONG SECTION OF THE RHEINTAL MOTORWAY. WORK WAS BEGUN WITH THE DRIVING OF A PILOT TUNNEL OF 3.5 M DIAMETER FOR THE EASTERN SHAFT, THE NOMINAL CROSS SECTION OF WHICH WILL CONSIST OF A ROAD WIDTH OF 7.5 M, 4.7 M HIGH, BOUNDED ON EACH SIDE BY FOOTWAYS OF 1 M WIDTH AND VENTILATION DUCTS. THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE PROBLEMS OF ALIGNMENT, INVOLVING A SELECTION FROM THIRTY POSSIBLE VARIATIONS, AS WELL AS DETAILS OF THE TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, THE VENTILATION SYSTEM AND THE PROPOSED SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS.


Game theory offers an interpretable mathematical framework for modeling multi-agent interactions. However, its applicability in real-world robotics applications is hindered by several challenges, such as unknown agents' preferences and goals. To address these challenges, we show a connection between differential games, optimal control, and energy-based models and demonstrate how existing approaches can be unified under our proposed Energy-based Potential Game formulation. Building upon this formulation, this work introduces a new end-to-end learning application that combines neural networks for game-parameter inference with a differentiable game-theoretic optimization layer, acting as an inductive bias. The experiments using simulated mobile robot pedestrian interactions and real-world automated driving data provide empirical evidence that the game-theoretic layer improves the predictive performance of various neural network backbones.


This is a survey of the recent progress and open questions on the structure of the sets of 0-1 and non-negative integer matrices with prescribed row and column sums. We discuss cardinality estimates, the structure of a random matrix from the set, discrete versions of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality and the statistical dependence between row and column sums.


This study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate on growth performance of nursery pigs. A total of 432 pigs (6.9 ± 0.9 kg BW) were assigned to 8 treatments (6 pigs/pen, n = 9) in a randomized complete block design with initial BW as a block and fed for 41 d in 3 phases (7/17/17 d, respectively). Treatments were 1) basal diet (BD), 2) BD + antibiotic, 3) BD + 0.30% sodium benzoate, 4) BD + 0.40% sodium benzoate, 5) BD + 0.60% sodium benzoate, 6) BD + 0.25% benzoic acid, 7) BD + 0.35% benzoic acid, and 8) BD + 0.50% benzoic acid. Diets contained nutrients meeting the requirement. Growth performance and fecal score were measured for each phase. Pigs representing each pen were euthanized to collect stomach and intestinal digesta to measure pH, and urine to measure pH and hippuric acid content. Data were analyzed using contrasts in Proc MIXED and slope ratio in Proc GLM of SAS. Increasing supplemental sodium benzoate showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05, max at 339 g/d) on ADG and linear increase (P < 0.05, 514 to 578 g/d) in ADFI. Increasing supplemental benzoic acid tended to have a quadratic response on ADG (P = 0.094, max at 323 g/d), but no difference in ADFI. Urine pH linearly decreased (P < 0.05, 7.5 to 5.7) with increasing supplemental benzoic acid, but was not affected by supplemental sodium benzoate. Increasing both supplemental sodium benzoate and benzoic acid linearly increased (P < 0.05) hippuric acid content in urine (3.0 to 10.4 and 3.0 to 9.2 g/L, respectively). With the slope-ratio assay using ADG and urine hippuric acid as dependent variables and benzoic acid intake as an independent variable, the estimates of bioavailability of benzoic acids were not different between sources. In conclusion, supplementation of sodium benzoate and benzoic acid increased growth performance without differences in efficacy between the sources.


The kinetics of hydrolysis (deamination or dealcoholation) of tritylamines and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ethers and their corresponding 4-methoxy, 4,4′-dimethoxy-, and 4,4′,4″-trimethoxy-substituted analogues in aqueous solutions up to 3.5 mol · dm−3 in strong acid have been investigated at constant ionic strength. In all cases, acid-catalysed hydrolytic processes have been observed, with finite reactivity at [H3O+] = 0. Strong upward curvature has been observed for kobs versus [HClO4]. Analysis of this dependence in terms of the HR acidity function and the X0 excess acidity scale allow explanation of the observed behaviour in terms of the increasing differences between concentrations and activities of the various species involved in the processes, including water, for which the activity coefficient strongly diverges from its standard state value as the acidity increases. This analysis has shown that, by taking account of the effect of the ionic strength, the same mechanistic models proposed for mildly acidic solutions are valid in more highly concentrated acid media. These comprise (i) protonation of the trityl ether followed by C–O bond heterolysis to give a carbenium ion–alcohol (ion–molecule) pair which can separate, and (ii) C–N bond heterolysis of the protonated tritylamine to give a carbenium ion–amine (ion–molecule) pair followed by separation of the fragments or protonation of the amine and subsequent separation of the ions. Each separated (substituted) trityl carbenium ion, regardless of its provenance, is invariably captured by a solvent molecule (water). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The main aim of this paper is to determine whether the volatility in the stocks can be created by events like the US Election and whether it leads to Fat Tail in the stocks. Fat Tail analysis is a key factor in determining volatility and has been used in the economy as well as in many other fields like climate and health. Log return has been used to determine the Fat Tail. To make the work more reliable, two Presidential election periods, that of Barack Obama and Donald Trump is selected and is compared for volatility and Fat Tail. For this study, stocks from the S&P 100 are selected and observed. The results show that the US economy is not at all driven by who comes in power and when but rather by the present economic condition. Stocks showing heavy tails during the Obama presidency are primarily because the economy was under Sub Prime Crisis too.


This study considered assessing the feasibility of developing small scale hydro-electric power from seven major tributaries within the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation of Northern California (http://www.hoopa-nsn.gov/). This study pursued the assessment of seven major tributaries of the Reservation that flow into the Trinity River. The feasibility of hydropower on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation has real potential for development and many alternative options for project locations, designs, operations and financing. In order to realize this opportunity further will require at least 2-3 years of intense data collection focusing on stream flow measurements at multiple locations in order to quantify real power potential. This also includes on the ground stream gradient surveys, road access planning and grid connectivity to PG&E for sale of electricity. Imperative to this effort is the need for negotiations between the Hoopa Tribal Council and PG&E to take place in order to finalize the power rate the Tribe will receive through any wholesale agreement that utilizes the alternative energy generated on the Reservation.


This study examined whether family help seeking and family support represented the same or distinct constructs and prospective associations between emergent constructs and psychosocial outcomes. Data were from 1,713 school-based adolescents participating in a randomized controlled trial, in Victoria, Australia. Family help seeking emerged as a single factor, distinct from family support, and was prospectively associated with improved psychosocial outcomes. Father closeness predicted lower depressive symptoms. Family help seeking predicted higher help seeking for peers. Interactions between family help seeking and family support on psychosocial outcomes were not apparent. Findings highlight the importance of examining family help seeking and family support separately in future studies of adolescents' help-seeking behavior.


A brief review was conducted of the most significant results of studies performed at the Institute of Mechanics of Moscow State University regarding a new class of unsteady flow of incompressible fluid. Examples include such fluids arising upon the penetration of vertical submerged or free flat and axially symmetric water jets through the surface of water in relatively narrow channels, such as when free thin-walled water jets flowing from a conical slit nozzle with a vertical axis form in a rectangular vessel. A broad range of values of characteristic parameters was found to be generated by the previously unknown self-oscillating flow modes formed in the liquid. Different mechanisms for the occurrence of such modes and characteristics of the dependencies of the self-oscillation period on the main determining parameters were uncovered through empirical experiment and numerical modeling. These mechanisms and characteristics as well as possible applications of the obtained results are presented.


Authenticated transport of cryptographic keys for secure group-communication between Distributed system to avoid the security vulnerability and to find the authorized user to increase the availability for that implement the design called Multimedia Internet Keying (MIKEY) is a by RFC -3830 standardized key exchange protocol and Kerberos for authentication. They have multiple options for key exchange and low latency from MIKEY is mainly used for real-time multimedia application in conjunction with SRTP used and typically uses the three key exchange methods. Then employ protocol composition logic (PCL), a state-of-the-art approach for analyzing our design. The Group Key will be generated for a certain type of the group people and using that key that person can access that group information. The group key is used to add the person in the group to do transaction by using Public/Private key options for providing access to each message and it also avoids the unauthorized person to interrupt. We have implemented both designs starting with the publicly available reference achievement of Kerberos, and an open-source completion of MIKEY.


AbstractTwo years of experience with an interactive manpower planning scheduling, and information system is dscribed. The system, developed for and successfully implemented in a mental health setting has improved the patient flow and resource scheduling process and is also useful as a device for the evaluation of policy options.


The harms to kiwifruit in Meixian by late frost freezing was observed.Measures to prevent or alleviate harms were put forward,including artificial comprehensive measures before frost freezing as well as the rational use of pesticide to reduce the harm and loss.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the possibility of long-term expression of transferred MHC-I gene in recipient mice.

METHODS
MHC-I gene of the donor mouse (C(57)BL/6) was transferred into the recipient (BALB/c) hematopoietic cells by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer technique, and the gene transferred cells were reinfused into the recipient mice. PCR, RT-PCR and FACS were used to assay the long-term expression of MHC-I gene in the recipient mice.

RESULTS
The gene transferred mice hematopoietic cells and their G418-resistant CFU-GM were demonstrated to be able to express the MHC-I gene. The cells proliferation and differentiation had no change. The MHC-I gene could be expressed for a longer period in the recipient mice.

CONCLUSION
This experiment makes ready for the further research on inducing transplantation tolerance through MHC-I gene transfer.


With the expansion of technology and the desire to downsize costs within the corporate culture, the technology trend has steered towards the integration of personally owned mobile devices (smartphones) within the corporate and enterprise environment. The movement, known as "Bring Your Own Device" (hereinafter referred to as "BYOD"), seeks to eliminate the need for two separate mobile devices for one employee. While taken at face value this trend seems favorable, the corporate policy and legal implications of the implementation of BYOD are complicated by significant investigatory issues that overshadow the benefits of utilizing BYOD. In this paper, we set a context for the BYOD conundrum, then examine associated corporate policies, highlight the limitations to the digital investigator's reach regarding digital evidence and review the investigatory challenges presented by BYOD. We conclude by offering recommendations such as implementing proper policies/procedures, utilizing Mobile Device Management, corporate owned devices, and enforcing agreements.


The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome—about 146 basepairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. A number of different posttranslational modifications to histones, such as methylation or acetylation, regulate access to the DNA, allowing vital processes including transcription and DNA repair to take place. In this Molecular Biology Select, I discuss recent findings that reveal how certain histone modifications can be reversed and how some of these epigenetic marks depend on one another. The emerging picture is that even a stable, heritable chromatin state may include some remarkably dynamic and reversible features.


In this paper, Blinn's metaballs are used to model the pre-ringdown phase of the merger of $n = 2$ Schwarzschild black holes. An analytical solution is provided.


Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs) content was determined using GC-MS method from surface sediments collected across the western sea of Liaodong Peninsula. The distribution,source and ecological risk were discussed. The results show that the average concentration of PAHs was ( 173. 0 ± 20. 8) × 10 -9,indicating low to moderate contamination levels of PAHs compared with reported values for other coastal sediments in China and other countries. The relatively higher concentrations were observed in the middle-southern sea of study area,whereas relatively lower PAHs concentrations in the north. Source identification implied that PAHs in the north of this area mainly comes from petroleum combustion and spilled oil. PAHs in the middle-southern region were closely associated with grass,wood and coal burning. An ecological risk assessment of PAHs,based on the effect range-low ( ERL) quotients,suggested that adverse biological effects may take place in several sites ( Ne5,Ne9-Ne12,Ne15 and Ne18) caused by acenaphthene occasionally.


Although in his time the distinction was not drawn, and both forms of mischief were included in a common term, it is not difficult, I think, in studying the cases narrated, to distinguish the two classes. Therefore, it may be said that when fever, which must be of one or other of these two forms, is encountered, the diagnosis of blood-poisoning of the worst kind can hardly now-a-days be doubtful. The general condition of the patient, his very aspect, and the rapid change are enough; and, in cases less intense, the rigors, rise and flactuation of temperature, sweating, and the signs of local mischief elsewhere, point to the cause. But, then,in practice the question is not always so simple as this; niay, it is very frequen-tly complicated by the fact that both causes of disturbance are simullltaneously at work in the same case. It is easy to see how the same local mischief that leads to the formation of unwholesome fluids will produce irritation of the nerves, and hence the fever which appears will be the result of these two affections in ever varying degree; and, furthermore, even when only one of these two causes is in operation at the onset, it must tend sooner or later to induce the other. Nerve-irritation, if severe and prolonged, by inducing, throulgh sympathy or reflex action, disturbance of the function of important organs, affects the character, alters the constitution of the blood, and the extent to which this reacts upon the prime cauise no doubt largely depends on the power of other organs, the emunctories, to rectify the evil. And the blood charged with poison or something unwholesome cannot, wr,e may be sure, circulate through those organs which of all appear most susceptible to the influence of change in it, the nerve-centres, without profoundly disturbing them. But, although this combination necessarily occurs as the rule, no doubt, in some measure ; nevertheless, in the vast majority of cases, one of these two great forms of constitutional disturbance stan(ds out from the other so marked in its features that, practically, it may be considered as the single source of mischief. Perhaps I ought to offer an apology for the offence of so unfashionable an act as an attempt to introduce physiology into surgery-to try to explain phenomena so frequently encountered at the bedside by any appeal to facts in natural science. Nevertheless, if the attempt is in any, the least, degree successful, I trust to be excused.


Recent studies have shown that through a careful combination of multiple sensory channels, so called multisensory binding effects can be achieved that can be beneficial for collision detection and texture recognition feedback. During the design of a new pen-input device called Tactylus, specific focus was put on exploring multisensory effects of audiotactile cues to create a new, but effective way to interact in virtual environments with the purpose to overcome several of the problems noticed in current devices.


Interactions of low-energy electrons with the FEBID precursor Cr(CO)6 have been investigated in a crossed electron–molecular beam setup coupled with a double focusing mass spectrometer with reverse geometry. Dissociative electron attachment leads to the formation of a series of anions by the loss of CO ligand units. The bare chromium anion is formed by electron capture at an electron energy of about 9 eV. Metastable decays of Cr(CO)5− into Cr(CO)4−, Cr(CO)4− into Cr(CO)3− and Cr(CO)3− into Cr(CO)2− are discussed. Electron-induced dissociation at 70 eV impact energy was found to be in agreement with previous studies. A series of Cr(CO)nC+ (0 ≤ n ≤ 3) cations formed by C–O cleavage is described for the first time. The metastable decay of Cr(CO)6+ into Cr(CO)5+ and collision-induced dissociation leading to bare Cr+, are discussed. In addition, doubly charged cations were identified and the ration between doubly and singly charged fragments was determined and compared with previous studies, showing considerable differences.


This review paper attempts to find the effect of grit on work engagement among working individuals. As grit and work engagement is raising momentum within researchers, organizational sectors and academics all over the world. In the running decade organizational sectors are keen to find traits in employees that benefit their organizations productivity as a whole. Grit is defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals by Angela Duckworth. Grit has been proved to predict achievement in almost all the fields and also indicates academic success more than IQ. Studies on grit showed its positive correlation with conscientiousness, well-being, growth mindset, self-control, resilience and courage. As gritty persons are more goal oriented and are persistent in their efforts despite obstacles and challenges.


Abstract In this paper, a combined state-feedback sliding-mode controller for quadruple tank system using fuzzy logic is presented. The quadruple system is set to operate in its non-minimum phase mode, which is more challenging as compared to the minimum phase mode. The Sliding-Mode Control (SMC) method is employed to achieve fast transient response, while the state-feedback controller (SFC) can provides zero steady-state errors. Simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed method as compared to the standalone SMC and SFC methods.


Recognising the failure to assimilate the Trinidad Indians to Spanish culture, the king of Spain in 1686 asked the Capuchin Order to undertake a mission to Trinidad so that the "Indians may learn to live a quiet and civilized life." Eight Capuchin priests under Fr. Thomas de Barcelona arrived in 1687 and founded four missions; two in Naparima, one in San Fernando, and one in Savana Grande. They built their villages following a uniform plan: "A perfect square is traced on the ground and all the Indian ajoupas are built on three sides, north, south, and west of the streets … the eastern side of the mission is taken up by the church, the mission house and other buildings for the use of the priests."


Effective global forest monitoring can be achieved by means of Earth Observation techniques. The most promising technique in this respect is the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique. Due to the high percentage of cloud cover in tropical and temperate regions SAR offers excellent opportunities to monitor the forests. Requirement studies in the past have discovered that requirements from users focus on five aspects: the availability of data, the accessibility of data, the affordability of data, the timeliness of data and thematic aspects. On the basis of these requirement aspects a concept was developed which emphasises an end-to-end small space mission approach. This approach is characterised by a complete integration of the groundand space segment, rather than treating them separately. The concept is based on two key-elements: decentralised, low-cost reception and processing capabilities and a low-frequency SAR. This paper presents the initial concept, and its elements, based on work performed within the National Space Technology Programme.


We apply the averaging theory of first and second order to a class of generalized Kukles polynomial differential systems to study the maximum number of limit cycles of these systems.


Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used platforms in bioelectronics to study electrogenic cells. In recent years, the processing of conductive polymers for the fabrication of three-dimensional electrode arrays has gained increasing interest for the development of novel sensor designs. Here, additive manufacturing techniques are promising tools for the production of MEAs with three-dimensional electrodes. In this work, a facile additive manufacturing process for the fabrication of MEAs that feature needle-like electrode tips - so called µ-needles - is presented. To this end, an aerosol-jet compatible PEDOT:PSS and multi-walled carbon nanotube composite ink with a conductivity of 323±75 S m-1 is developed and used in a combined inkjet and aerosol-jet printing process to produce the µ-needle electrode features. The µ-needles are fabricated with a diameter of 10±2 µm and a height of 33±4 µm. They penetrate an inkjet-printed dielectric layer to a height of 12±3 µm. After successful printing, the electrochemical properties of the devices are assessed via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The µ-needles show a capacitance of 242±70 nF at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1 and an impedance of 128±22 kΩ at 1 kHz frequency. The stability of the µ-needle MEAs in aqueous electrolyte is demonstrated and the devices are used to record extracellular signals from cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells. This proof-of-principle experiment shows the µ-needle MEAs' cell-culture compatibility and functional integrity to investigate electrophysiological signals from living cells.


In this paper, under the assumption that the unencumbered service time is exponentially distributed, a novel algebraic set of general equations that examines the relationships between cell dwell time (CDT) and residual cell dwell time as well as between cell dwell time and channel holding time (CHT) are derived. This work includes relevant new analytical results and insights into the dependence of CHT characteristics on the CDT distribution. For instance, it is found that when CDT is Coxian or hyper-exponentially distributed, CHT is also Coxian or hyper-exponentially distributed, respectively.


Ison and Kniaz ( 1963) have concluded that their results and those of Wike and Barrientos (1957) were due to the rat's preference for a drinking tube with a 4-mm. aperture rather than to tubes with larger and smaller apertures. This conclusion is not, however, in accord with the results of Hellyer (1954), who found faster starting speeds in a runway for Ss running to a drinking tube with a 1-mm. aperture than for Ss with 4-mm. one. Hellyer, who used reward magnitudes 0.1 cc. and 1 cc. in combination with these rwo aperture sizes, observed that performance was directly related to duration of consummatory behavior. These various conflicting results suggest the need for some specific studies. First, parametric studies of aperture size and amount of reward are needed to assess the possibility of an interaction between these variables. And second, although we have observed consistent results from studies using the differential (Wike & Barrientos, 1957) and absolute methods (Barrientos, 1957) of reward presentation, further study of this problem is in order.


This article presents a novel methodology for monitoring and assessment of dynamics of phenological development of crop vegetation, based on orthogonal transformation of multispectral satellite images from Sentinel-2. In this work two indices using the Greenness and Wetness components of the Tasselled Cap Transformation (TCT) model are applied. The essence of the TCT model is the unitary matrix for orthogonal transformation, which is fixed for each individual sensor. The presented methodology implements a model for automated processing of Sentinel-2 images, aimed at obtaining Greenness and Wetness Tasselled Cap indices. The applied indices are defined as Normalized Differential Greenness Index (NDGI) and Normalized Differential Wetness Index (NDWNI). These indices are strongly sensitive to small changes and reflect quantitatively the vegetation dynamics in defined temporal periods. NDGI and NDWNI are especially suitable for determination of timing of different growth stages and for monitoring of the health status of the studied crops during these stages. The manifestation of the indices and their dynamics is closely related to variations of chlorophyll and moisture content, which are observed during the transition from one stage to another.


Few higher education institutions have training or induction programmes that prepare academics to teach pre-service teachers. How can academics develop and ascertain teaching practices that are appropriate and effective for teaching pre-service teachers? In this self-study, I used Brookfield's four lenses to inform my teaching. Together with a critical friend, I used the community of practice theory and the metaphors of boundary crossing and boundary objects to interrogate my teaching and students' learning using students' experiences as the stimulus for reflection. Findings from this study revealed that pre-service teachers take on multiple identities of teacher, learner, and university student during teaching and learning activities that influence what they learn. The study showed that the pedagogical choices teacher educators make can hinder meaningful learning if they are not aligned to students' identities. The study also showed that investigating and critically reflecting on students' experiences of lectures can be an effective methodological approach for identifying and understanding effective practices for teaching and preparing pre-service teachers. The article concludes by arguing and advocating for teacher educators, as experts in a community of practice, to decolonise their classrooms by making them safe spaces for critical dialogue that allows students' voices and experiences to be heard. Such a practice has the potential to create a community of practice that is characterised by shared knowledge, values, and standards.


Background Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-to-intermediate grade sarcoma of dermal origin with high local recurrence rate that rarely presents in the vulva. It affects adults between the second and fifth decade of life and the involved areas are most frequently the trunk, proximal extremities, head and neck. Case Presentation A 45-years-old Para 4 women presented with two raised masses on the right part of vulva for the last 17-month duration which increase in size for the last 6-month. First, incisional biopsy was taken from the mass and diagnosed as "Suggestive of leiomyoma". Following to this, excision of the whole mass was done and sent for histopathologic examination. The final histopathologic diagnosis became DFSP with the classic microscopic picture of a storiform and honeycomb pattern of monomorphic bland spindle cells. Conclusion Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans infrequently involves the vulva and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other spindle cell lesions presenting in this unusual site.


BY the autumn of 1667 when Sprat's History of the Royal Society was published the Society had been in officially recognized existence for seven years and incorporated by Royal Charter for five. The early years of the Society up to the end of the seventeenth century form as interesting a period as any in its history, and the glimpses of the Society's members and activities revealed in letters and diaries, in prefaces to books written by or dedicated to its members, in numerous pamphlets, in descriptive accounts in the journals and ' voyages ' of foreign visitors, and in the Minute Books and Philosophical Transactions , are not only interesting but often most entertaining. Without them Sprat's so-called ' History ' provides a very inadequate picture. However, to write a proper history, as Sprat acknowledged, was not really his aim ; nor is it the purpose of this essay which is concerned to inquire into some of the reactions to the Royal Society in its early days. To do this it will be necessary only to consider the Society's history in very general terms in order to set it in its place in the broad movements of thought and ideas of the time. Since Sprat himself has provided just such a view of the Society it will be simplest to look at it through his History. Prefaced to the History is an Ode to the Royal Society by Abraham Cowley, one of its first members, who had already in 1661 published a Proposition for the advancement of experimental philosophy.


Objective To explore the changes of NK cells and their subsets in perioperative period of patient with breast cancer and their clinical significance.Methods Eight patients with benign breast tumor and 14 healthy donors were used as controls,changes of NK cells and their subsets in peripheral blood were detected by FACS in 29 patients with breast cancer before and after operation.Results Three indices [CD56+/PBL(peripheral blood lymphocyte),CD3-CD16+CD56+/PBL,CD3-CD16+CD56dim/CD56+] of patients with breast cancer were significantly lower than those of healthy and benign breast tumor controls(P=0.000),while there was no difference in the ratio of CD3-CD16+CD56bright/ CD56+ between breast cancer patients and controls.In the group of breast cancer patient,the former 3 indices on the 1st day after operation were all decreased obviously compared with those before operation(P=0.000),meanwhile,on the 7th day after operation,the percentage of CD56+/PBL was still less than that before operation(P=0.024) while the other two indices displayed no statistic difference compared with those before operation.In addition,the percentage of CD3-CD16+CD56bright/ CD56+ on the 1st and 7th day after operation showed no difference with that before operation.Conclusion The NK cells and CD3-CD16+CD56dim subsets in patient with breast cancer were significantly lower than those in healthy control and patients with benign breast tumor.Surgical stress could result in further decline of NK cells and their subsets.The change of NK cells especially CD3-CD16+CD56dim subset in perioperative period should be observed closely and intervened by appropriate immunological method.


The safety of deep mines is sometimes threatened by sudden and hazardous failures of a coal face, as in the case of bumps, for example. It has been shown in many experimental studies that coal bumps are influenced either by stress, stiffness, and yield ability of surrounding rocks, or by dynamic effects associated with the failure of surrounding strata. In addition, bumps occurred in such parts of mines where there had been rapid stress changes over a short period of time. The dynamic effects associated with the failure of surrounding strata triggered bumps in these marginally stable seam structures. While it was not possible to evaluate the influence of mine stiffness directly, it was shown that coal bumps generally occurred in mines with uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus ratios (roof to coal) exceeding 3 to 5. In addition, bump-prone coal exhibited the potential for storing high horizontal stresses. Yielding of the immediate roof and floor reduced horizontal stresses and enhanced gradual failure of coal. A method is proposed to assess coal bumps in which stress analyses, in situ strength data, stiffness and strength ratios of roof to coal, and affected wave magnitude resulting from strata failure and mining experience are incorporated. A rheological model is involved to fulfill the time dependence of the phenomenon of bumps. It has namely been shown in the literature that the time plays a decisive role in the possible occurrence of rock bursts. In our case the static (stability) problem is solved and the dynamical influence of inertia forces is initiated after occurrence of bumps. This is not of any importance for us, as we suppose that the mine is far enough from other openings (other mines). In this way the stability problem with possible rheology (or creep) is studied.


This paper introduces preliminary developments of an NSF-funded on-going educational project. The project goal is to enhance student technical and professional skills and business knowledge by integrating lean manufacturing education into a traditional manufacturing engineering program. A group of faculty members with complementary background and expertise in engineering and business co-taught a new lean course that attracted student enrollments from five departments across campus. In addition to plant tours, guest lectures, and real-world industrial projects, we particularly designed an innovative and unique experience, Lean Lego Simulation (LLS), which has proven valuable for students to better understand lean principles and applications. Course survey shows student feedback was overwhelmingly positive. Evaluation is also being carried out to measure how well the project is working from the viewpoint of all participants especially faculty collaboration and student achievements


The present invention relates to an organic EL device and an electronic apparatus. The organic EL device comprising: at least a light-reflective reflecting layer; a first insulating layer interposed therebetween in a reflection layer disposed on said first electrode; disposed on the first electrode layer includes at least an organic light-emitting functional layer; Configuration has, on the organic functional layer is at least light reflective second electrode; storage capacitor, through the reflective layer and the second electrode constituting the optical resonator of the optical resonator from the organic functional layer, the above-described reflective layer, and the a first insulating layer and the first electrode constituting the holding capacitance.


A new series of 2‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole derivatives containing a 1,2,4‐triazole ring were synthesized via microwave technique. This efficient procedure provides pure products within a few minutes. The newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra and they were screened for their lipase inhibition and antioxidant activities. Compounds 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b showed very good scavenging activity.


Embedded systems are more and more connected to a variety of networks, which increases their attack surface. At the same time, more and more objects are augmented with embedded systems, which increases the potential impact of attacks. Cybersecurity must therefore be taken into account while designing and developing embedded software systems. While there are multiple complementary facets to the security of such systems, we focus on embedded operating system security, which is critical to build secure applications. In order to evaluate the applicability of the many available cybersecurity techniques and tools, we need to define a relevant case study. Given that a system's inputs are especially vulnerable, we have specified a fictive device driver, which we have both modeled in UML and implemented in C. We report here on the initial application of a couple of techniques to analyse the security of this device driver at the model and code levels.


This paper dealed with the design of two interior pemanent magnet synchronous motors with different rotors based on analyzing the effect of parameters on flux-weakening control.Inductances of the motors with magnet segmented and non-segmented rotor were both calculated by field finite element analysis,followed by the comparison of their flux-weakening performances from theoretical formulas.Inductance nonlinearity caused by field saturation was analysed.The influence of iron bridge between magnet segments on field saturation and parameters was also studied.The calculation results show that the nonlinearity of inductance mainly exists in constant-torque operqtion and has less influence on flux-weakening performance.The motor with segmentation of the rotor magnets is more suitable for flux-weakening control.


AIM: The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship of trace elements present in drinking water and dental caries in children aged 12 years in rural areas of Andhra Pradesh India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 451children aged 12 years. Clinical examination was carried out and caries experience was recorded. Drinking water samples were collected and subjected to trace element analysis using ICP-MS equipment. Oneway ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Multiple Logistic Regression were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A statistically significant relation was found between caries and trace elements like Vanadium (p<0.001), strontium (p<0.001) and lead (p<0.01) in the drinking water. CONCLUSION: It may be postulated from this study that a mixture of trace elements such as fluorine, strontium, boron, and molybdenum may work together to retard caries.


A biochromatographic approach is developed to measure for the first time thermodynamic data and magnesium (Mg2+) effect for the binding of testosterone (TT) to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in a wide temperature range. For this, the SHBG was immobilized on a chromatographic support. It was established that this novel SHBG column was stable during an extended period of time. The affinity of TT to SHBG is high and changes slightly with the Mg2+ concentration because the number of Mg2+ linked to binding is low. The determination of the testosterone retention with the steroid hormone at different Mg2+ concentrations and temperatures demonstrated that the Mg2+ binding heat effect associated with this Mg2+ release or uptake during this binding was in magnitude around 17 kJ/mol corresponding to the model describing the electrostatic attraction that occurs between the negatively charged non specific areas of SHBG and the positively charged of magnesium. At all the magnesium concentrations studied, the H values were negative due to van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding which are engaged at the complex interface confirming strong TT–SHBG hydrogen bond networks. As well, the S values were all positive due to hydrophobic forces in the testosterone–SHBG complex formation. In addition our results suggest that adaptive conformational transitions contribute to the specific testosterone–SHBG complex formation. As well, in the biological Mg2+ concentration domain, it was clearly demonstrated that there was an uncompetitive inhibition of Mg2+ on TT–SHBG binding which led an enhancement of bioavailable


The potential for personal growth in cross-cultural travel has been posited by numerous psychologists; however, a "gaping hole" in empirical research has left these hypotheses unexplored. Meanwhile, rapidly increasing numbers of people are choosing to leave their careers to pursue a personal dream of extensive foreign travel. The aim of this study was to explore the motivations, psychological experiences, and outcomes from travel in this growing "career-break" demographic. Ten men and women who had exited their careers to pursue extensive culturally engaging travel participated in an individual semistructured interview that was analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. Three main themes emerged: an existential yearning to travel, "jumping off the ledge" (courage), and discovering authenticity. Personal growth occurred via adversity within the travel experience itself, but also at the pretravel stage of departure, where leaving security and venturing uncertainty was experienced with "milestone" significance and, for some, as a seismic event akin to trauma. Future research should explore the potential for a new type of intrinsically emerging trauma in posttraumatic growth and the potential for anxiety as a positive construct in authentic becoming and growth.


BACKGROUND
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a disease commonly encountered during childhood and it may relapse. An experience in the early childhood would induce asthma development in the future. Palivizumab has a proven efficacy for the RSV prophylaxis so it may prevent asthma. Our aim was to evaluate the possible protective effect of palivizumab on the development of asthma by using the modified Asthma Predictive Index (mAPI).

METHODS
This study's data consist of 339 children between 2 to 5 years of age followed up in healthy children unit from 2008 to 2011. Cases were evaluated in terms of wheezing frequency and characteristic features. Evaluations were performed among three groups; palivizumab-treated children born preterm (group 1), palivizumab-untreated children born preterm (group 2) and term newborn children (group 3) with equal number of patients in each group (N.=113).

RESULTS
Frequency of the answers about children's experienced wheezing times was significant between groups (P=0.003). A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the clinician who diagnosed asthma (P=0.045). The groups were compared in terms of the mAPI positivity and a significant difference was found among the groups (P=0.001). Group 1 had lowest and group 3 had highest positivity. Group 1 and group 3 were different (P=0.000), group 2 was found higher than group 1, but was similar to group 3 (P=0.628).

CONCLUSIONS
This study supports the benefit of administration of palivizumab to premature children to reduce the risk of asthma development.


A measurement instrument has been developed that can used to determine the attitude of farmers towards the use of zero-till drill in agriculture. Likert's summated rating scale technique was followed for the construction of the attitude scale. A total of 28 statements concerning experts' opinions were selected. Response for the selected statements was obtained from 100 adopter farmers of zero-till drill in Punjab state. The scale developed finally consisted of 13 items including positive and negative items. Three constructs were identified regarding zero till technology in the scale developed, obtained by using exploratory factor analysis. The reliability and validity of the scale indicate its precision and consistency of the results. The developed scale can be used to explore the attitude of farmers towards zero-till drill, which will be helpful to enhance the adoption of this conservation practice.


Neuromedin U is a brain gut peptide, which peripherally stimulates smooth muscle, increases blood pressure, alters ion transport in the gut, controls local blood flow, and regulates adrenocortical function. It has also been recently found to reduce food intake and body weight function in the central nervous system. In this paper we review the progress in the study on the structure, distribution and function of neruomedin U and its receptors.


Under the background of information age, image processing technology is a commonly used technology in all walks of life. In order to improve the image correction effect, it can be processed based on computer vision algorithm. This paper introduces the image categories and technical characteristics of computer vision algorithm and image processing technology, discusses the image processing technology based on computer vision algorithm, including computer vision display system and image distortion correction two parts, the effect is good, has high application value. In the past, due to the lack of technological development, objects in the traditional two-dimensional environment can only display the side projection, relatively single, in order to adapt to social progress, technology will continue to develop, so three-dimensional three-dimensional picture emerged at the historic moment, a new display technology appeared. In order to obtain the ideal visual effect, technicians need to implement image processing technology on the basis of computer vision algorithm, express the actual coordinates of objects in three-dimensional space with three-dimensional voxels, and correct the distorted image caused by projection. Compared with the traditional BP neural network, the image processing technology based on computer vision algorithm obviously has more advantages and higher accuracy.


The steps in the pathway of formation of valine are: decarbosylation of pyruvate to an acetaldehyde-thiamine pyrophosphate intermediate which condenses with another molecule of pyruvate to yield ar-acetolactic acid, migration of the a-methyl carbon to form ar-keto-fl-hydroxyisovaleric acid, reduction of this acid to produce (Y ,&dihydroxyisovaleric acid, dehydration to yield ar-ketoisovaleric acid, and, finally, transamination to form valine. The reactions in the biogenesis of isoleucine are parallel to those of valine. Instead of pyruvate, oc-ketobutyrate condenses with acetaldehyde to form or-hydroxy-cr-acetylbutyric acid. Migration of the ethyl group from the a! to the p position gives the carbon skeleton of isoleucine. Reduction and dehydration yield the keto acid analogue of isoleucine. These pathways have been demonstrated primarily with Neurospora crassa, Escherichia co&i, and Saceharomyces cerevisiae (cf. l-4). The last biosynthetic step for these two amino acids is transamination, a reaction that is known to occur in mammalian tissues. With the exception of threonine and lysine, each of the essential amino acids can be replaced by their corresponding cY-keto acid analogues for a growth response in weanling rats (5). Similar nutritional relationships have been observed in lactic acid bacteria (6). Therefore, it was desirable to test mammalian tissues and lactic acid bacteria for the possible presence of the next to last step of valine biosynthesis, namely the dehydration reaction. As a clue to the valine pathway, the presence of the dihydroxy acid dehydrase has been briefly reported in four new microorganisms (7) and higher plants (4) .I Herein is presented evidence for an even more widespread distribution of the dehydrase in those microorganisms that can grow on ammonium salts. In contrast to lysine and ornithine biosynthesis, the reported and cited investigations are consistent with a single pathway in the two terminal steps of valine biosynthesis.


Abstract 1299 HOX genes are known for their involvement in self-renewal of normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Enforced expression of HOXB4 leads to HSC expansion in vitro and in vivo without leukemia development. We have recently shown that overexpression of its paralog HOXA4 also resulted in an increase of HSCs and myeloid progenitors in vitro. HOXA4 HSC are fully functional and reconstitute mouse chimeras with normal ratios of mature cells in the periphery. Interestingly, although the mature B-cell compartment is not enhanced, the overexpression of HOXA4 resulted in a 10-fold expansion of B-cell progenitors in the bone marrow (BM). Moreover, the number of more primitive WW-IC was not affected by the overexpression of HOXA4 , indicating that this gene specifically expands IL-7 responsive B-cell progenitors. Based on these observations in vivo , we sought to determine if paralog 4 HOX genes can expand B-cell progenitors in vitro . To test this B220+ cells were sorted from BM of healthy wild type mice and transduced with MSCV retroviral vectors for HOXA4 -GFP, HOXB4 -GFP or control-GFP. Cells were cultured in B-cell specific medium and their growth in response to IL-7 was followed for three weeks. We observed a 15- and 10-fold increase of growth for HOXA4 and HOXB4 pro-B cells compared to control, respectively, within 16 days. FACS analysis confirmed the pro-B cell phenotype of all three cultures. These cells are currently being tested for their repopulation capacity of the B-cell compartment in irradiated hosts. To further investigate potential implication of these genes in oncogenic transformation HOXA4 and HOXB4 were overexpressed in E2APBX1 B-cells derived from E2APBX1 transgenic mice. We showed that the overexpression of HOXA4 or HOXB4 induced a strong expansion of E2APBX1 pro-B cell in vitro (2381- and 1090-fold difference over the control after 23 days, respectively), leading to an immortalization of the culture. Despite this huge expansion these cells were incapable to initiate leukemia upon transfer into irradiated recipients. B-CFC assays showed that the growth of HOXA4 or HOXB4 E2APBX1 pro-B cell cultures was supported by a strong expansion of B-cell progenitors (6138- and 15307-fold difference over the control after 20 days, respectively). Taken together, these results indicate that IL-7 responsive pro-B-cell progenitors are sensitive to paralog 4 HOX genes, an effect which is dramatically enhanced in the context of E2APBX1. Lack of clear oncogenic potential puts HOXA4 and –B4 forward as promising candidates to expand B-cell progenitors in vitro. These cells could potentially be used for B-cell complementation therapy in BM transplantation recipients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The paper generally states the importance of chemical experiment scheme. It takes the synthetic expriment scheme of two formic acid and two straight cube ester of neighbor benzene as examples to approach a way of how to work out a scheme of chemical synthetic experiment arond the following four aspects: getting to know the principle of chemical experiment, selecting the proper reaction of equipment, deciding the operation sequence of the experiment and perfecting experiment scheme.


Learning vocabulary is both critical and boring for many EFL (English as foreign language) learners and one major difficulty is the lack of suitable context for learning new words. Although videos can provide a rich context for learning vocabulary, it often takes more time than textual media to learn. This paper presents the EVOV system which is to exploit the role of video in vocabulary learning with the human-interaction mechanism and recommendation engine. This system models vocabulary learning as an evolutionary process. It involves watching videos, reviewing vocabulary, learner modeling and individualized recommendations. This paper introduces the core modules of EVOV and demonstrates how it supported vocabulary learning through video in an efficient and sustainable way.


Received: 25 July 2019 Accepted: 1 October 2019 Conventional concrete is prone to cracking under tensile load, despite its good compressive strength. Recently, biological agents have been applied to heal the cracks in concrete, making concrete structures more serviceable. This paper mainly attempts to evaluate the mechanical properties of bacteria-based self-healing concrete. Two bacteria were selected as the bioagents in concrete, namely, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus halodurans. The concentration of the bioagents were set to 10~10 cell/mL in water. Then, the two bacteria were applied to cracked concrete to cure the cracks. After curing for several days, the bacteria-based self-healing concrete was subjected to compressive and flexural tests to estimate its mechanical parameters. The results show that the self-healing concretes cured for 14d and 28d had a 7% and 18% higher compressive strength than conventional concrete, respectively; the self-healing concretes cured for 14d and 28d had a 11% and 28% higher flexural strength than the conventional concrete, respectively. Thus, the bioagents could effectively heal the surface cracks on concrete, and make the concrete imperviable.


The article is devoted to the problem of the upbringing impact of distance learning in higher education. Scientific researches of recent years have shown the lack of developed specific technology and methods for students' upbringing within the distance learning. At the same time, distance education is an integral part of the whole educational system today, so the lack in the development of its upbringing potential becomes an urgent and important pedagogical problem of its management. In the framework of our study, the stages of updating the traditional form of education with its variable upbringing priorities, as well as the development of distance education were analyzed. The modern stage is characterized as a stage of full-scale implementation of distance education, with its appropriate features (minimized and indirect functions of the teacher-mentor, a greater degree of self-organization of students, the importance of their self-motivation and rational time management). These features are defined as those having educational potential in higher education, so a number of methods for students' effective time management in the organization of their independent work were also highlighted. In the course of the research it was emphasized that the system of upbringing impact under the conditions of distance learning is not developed and thus not implemented, therefore it is a prospect for further scientific explorations and developments. At the same time, the attention was drawn to the fact that the creation of such a system should take into account both the basic principles of upbringing activity in higher education and the specific conditions of distance learning. In view of the above mentioned, the basic educational ideas of higher education at the present stage and the possibility of their implementation in the distance learning process were generalized. According to the results of our study, the conditions of distance learning in higher education fully correspond to the intensification of self-education and independent work methods. It is determined that Журнал «Перспективи та інновації науки» (Серія «Педагогіка», Серія «Психологія», Серія «Медицина» No 4(4) 2021 248 modern educational platforms in an interesting format and in the form of gamified tasks are able to form the motivational component and self-motivation of students in the future, while the latter is the driving force of rational time management. It is proved as well that distance education promotes the development of creative potential of students through the selection of appropriate learning tasks: the creation of mind maps, work on individual and group projects, presentations, collages, solving open-question problems etc. As a result, we have identified the appropriate levels of the upbringing potential of distance education: motivational, information-searching, organizational, creative and the level of self-education.


Although anti-fat bias and discrimination have been widely documented (see Puhl, Andreyeva, & Brownell, 2008), few studies have examined whether psychologists exhibit biases toward clients who are fat. Only one study (Locker, 2011) examined whether client characteristics of ethnicity and weight influenced therapists' bias; no studies have exclusively examined psychologists. This analogue study investigated psychologists' biases toward a hypothetical client (vignette adapted from Zadroga, 2009) when the client characteristics of weight (average/obese) and ethnicity (African American/European American) were manipulated. Participants in this study included a national sample of 194 licensed, currently practicing psychologists. A 2 (client weight) x 2 (client ethnicity) randomized experimental design was utilized. Participants' biases were determined by Global Assessment of Functioning scores, prognosis scores, and scores from an adapted version of the Working Alliance Inventory (see Burkard, 1997) Therapist form (WAI-TA; Horvath & Greenberg, 1989). A 2 x 2 factorial MANOVA indicated no statistically significant differences according to according to vignette client weight [F(1, 192) = 1.46, p = 0.23], vignette client ethnicity [F(1, 192) = 0.77, p = 0.51], or weight by ethnicity interaction [F(1, 192) = 0.28, p = 0.85]. Results, implications, and limitations were discussed, along with suggestions for further research.


Scenic spots and historical relies are special components of territorial resources, which are now faced with irrational de-velopment and utilization. It's necessary to clarify the relations between territorial resources and tourism development. Namely,that the two sides are interrelated but not the same things. The disorderly exploitation and utilization of territorial resources insome areas must be stopped and the right way for tourism itself lies on the strategy of sustainable development.