This paper discusses the results of a model built to capture the effect of how demographic, economic, environmental, and technological changes could affect Georgia's future motor fuel tax revenue. Currently, fuel tax revenue is the major funding source for many transportation agencies; however, in recent years, inflation and fuel economy increases have decreased the revenue generated by fuel taxes. The model was intended to be a tool to allow users to project long-term revenue and observe how adjustments to different pricing and socioeconomic inputs affect future revenue under both Georgia's current fuel tax structure and alternative revenue mechanisms. The model projects that Georgia's fuel tax revenue will continue to increase through 2020 but will decline between 2020 and 2030 due mainly to improvements in vehicle technology. To combat these revenue declines, the model also estimates how much revenue would be generated by increasing motor fuel tax rates or adopting alternative funding methodologies such as the vehicle miles of travel fee. These results indicate that Georgia could generate hundreds of millions of annual additional transportation revenue with a minimal impact to household contributions, which illustrates that leaders have options when developing sustainable funding solutions that promote fuel-efficient and livable lifestyles.


The discrete element method (DEM) was employed to investigate the mixing of solid particles in a vertical cylindrical mixer. In order to achieve this goal, simulations are explored on the effects of initial loading (side-side, top-bottom), agitator speed and fill level on the mixing efficiency. Mixing performance with respect to a vertical cylindrical is investigated using the lacey index. The mixing domain was discretized using a 15×15×15 mesh system which was considered as the samples. Simulation results show that particles are broken up constantly when it flowed through the spoiler and chopper. The side-side initial loading provides a better mixing efficiency. With the increase of the agitator speed, the mixing efficiency is accelerated and the mixing time is shortened. The paper describes the total amount of particles affected the mixing efficiency of the mixer and it obtains a better mixing efficiency at the fill level of 55%.


This article makes the case for the importance of Seneca's Agamemnon as a model, in terms of both language and content, for the account of the Lemnian massacre in the second Book of Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, an episode which has been much discussed or disputed because of its extensive and digressive character. It will thus become evident that the semantics of adultery and crime, combined with those of vengeance elaborated on in the Agamemnon, have exercised a significant influence on Valerius' detailed sketching of the slaughter conducted by the Lemnian women as well as on the thematic coherence of the second Book as a whole.


Analyse the PS/2 protocol which is used by a great lot of keyboard and mouse on market,introduce the theory of PS/2 keyboard controller,implement the hardware code of the keyboard controller with the verilog language,and finish the functional validation of key board and mouse on a FPGA platform.It is proved sufficiently that the PS/2 keyboard controller is compatible with the majority keyboard and mouse with PS/2 interface.


Each one of n users consumes an idiosyncratic commodity produced in indivisible units. The n commodities are jointly produced by a central facility and the total cost must be shared by the users. Under convex preferences and increasing marginal costs, we characterize the set of incentive compatible (coalition strategy- proof) cost sharing mechanisms. These mechanisms generalize the familiar incremental method where agent 1 pays his Stand Alone cost, agent 2 pays the incremental cost (to serve agents 1 and 2 instead of agent 1), and so on. When the commodities become more and more divisible, some of these mechanisms treat agents symmetrically.


7569 Background: Recent clinical trials have shown that immune-checkpoint blockade can result in striking and durable responses in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Preliminary data suggest a relationship between PD-L1 expression by IHC and objective response. No consensus about PD-L1 positivity expression exists. The aim of this study is to compare different IHC definitions and to explore the value of ISH for PD-L1 expression. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from SCC were included. Clinical characteristics were analyzed. PD-L1 protein expression was evaluated by IHC using a mouse monoclonal antibody (clone h5H1). Three definitions for IHC positivity were applied: IHC 1 ≥5% of tumor cells exhibiting cell-surface staining; IHC 2 ≥1% of tumor cells exhibiting cell-surface staining; IHC 3 H-score, cut off: negative (0), positive (1-300). PD-L1 gene expression was evaluated by ISH with RNA Scope probe (Advanced Cell Diagnostics). For ISH, cut off: negative (<1), positive ( ≥1...


This document summarizes key highlights from the National Park Service (NPS) 2013 National Transit Inventory, and presents data for NPS transit systems system-wide. The document discusses statistics related to ridership, business models, fleet characteristics, funding sources, and other categories. Key findings include: there were 26.9 million total passenger boardings in 2013; 64% of NPS transit systems operate under concession contracts; and 60% of NPS-owned vehicles operate on alternative fuel. The inventory will be repeated annually.


Adding reagents to drops is one of the most important functions in droplet-based microfluidic systems; however, a robust technique to accomplish this does not exist. Here, we introduce the picoinjector, a robust device to add controlled volumes of reagent using electro-microfluidics at kilohertz rates. It can also perform multiple injections for serial and combinatorial additions.


Abstract : The first part of the model consists of simulating the smoke employment tactics within a given tactical scenario. Input variables pertaining to command guidance, type of operation, weather conditions, and weapons and ammunition available provide the setting, At the appropriate time during the battle, smoke is automatically placed on or near the opposing force's location so that the smoke clouds drift into the line-of-sight between the attacker and defender. The second part of the model consists of computing if intervisibility exists between opposing forces at each second of the battle. As a representation of a smoke cloud, a sphere is used to simulate white phosphorous (WP) and a cone is used to simulate hexachloroethane (HC). The program calculates if the line-of-sight intersects any part of either one of these types of three dimensional figures. If an intersection occurs, the line-of-sight is blocked; therefore, intervisibility does not exist. A series of test runs were conducted to verify the model. Bursting radii of the smoke rounds, atmospheric stability conditions, type of smoke munitions, wind speeds, and wind directions were the parameters varied for the tests.


The paper describes data exclusivity, its implication on generic drug manufacturers, and on cost of life-saving drugs in developing countries like India.http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.27.4.185


This paper implements Tiger compiler on Hacs language. This compiler is likely to perform many or all of the following operations: lexical analysis, preprocessing, parsing, semantic analysis, and code optimization, target code generation. These are discussed in this paper in detail. As a new design language compiler, Hacs has the prominent advantages of high portability, maintainability and so on .It is easy to achieve.


This study examined social intelligence and implication for competitive advantage in Nigeria manufacturing sector, using Mesmo Africa Limited, Ijan-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria as a case study. Specifically, the study sought to evaluate the effect of social intelligence which includes art and drama on organizational performance. The survey research design of primary data was used, with the aid of questionnaires as instrument for data collection. Analysis and hypothesis testing were carried out with statistical tools of frequency distribution, percentage, and Chi-square statistics. Findings from the data obtained indicate that social intelligence has a significant effect on performance and productivity of an organization. It was recommended that there is a need for the organization to train its staff in the best use of social intelligence systems in order to ensure the maximum benefit of the concept and to gain competitive advantage more on the value that the organization may get from social intelligence.


The transient signals generated by lightning strike may interfere with the travelling wave based equipments. The transient characteristic difference between the common fault and lighting strike is described in this paper. Using the characteristics of symmetric voltage waveform induced by lightning interference and that of asymmetric voltage waveform generated by fault within a very short interval, the waveforms of transient voltage above and below time-axes are integrated, respectively. Lightning interference and fault could be identified by comparing their relative ratio value of transient waveform. But in this method short-circuit faults and faults of lightning couldn't be distinguished. Aiming at the problem, we analyze the energy spectra of voltage transient components by mathematical morphology, and found that short-circuit fault and most faults of lightning could be identified by the energy ratio of the relative low-frequency components and the relative high-frequency components. The PSCAD simulation results demonstrate that the proposed criterions are valid and correct.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a subgrid-scale (SGS) model for large eddy simulation (LES) of buoyancy- and thermally driven transitional and turbulent flows and further examine its performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Favre-filtered, non-dimensional LES equations are solved using non-dissipative, fully implicit, kinetic energy conserving, finite-volume algorithm which uses an iterative predictor-corrector approach based on pressure correction. Also, to develop a new SGS model which accounts for buoyancy, turbulent generation term in SGS viscosity is properly modified and enhanced by buoyancy production.

Findings
The proposed model has been successfully applied to turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection. The results show that the model is able to reproduce the complex physics of turbulent thermal convection. In comparison with the original wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) and buoyancy-modified (BM) Smagorinsky models, turbulent diagnostics predicted by the new model are in better agreement with direct numerical simulation.

Originality/value
A BM variant of the WALE SGS model is newly developed and analyzed.


Apparent ionization constants (pK) of a series of m- and p- substituted benzoic acids were measured by potentiometric titrations in an anionic micellar system (SDS, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate). From these data, the binding constant K and the partition coefficient between micellar and aqueous pseudophases Pmic, were estimated for each derivative. Collander type regressions between log Pmic and log Poct are discussed. pK values correlate well with a linear combination of σ, πoct and MR molecular descriptors.


In the present study we analyzed the role of phophatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) in BCLL cells. PI-3 kinase is activated by many stimuli and is linked to several different signaling pathways. We demonstrated that inhibition of PI-3 kinase by a specific inhibitor LY294002 induced apoptosis in B-CLL cells in vitro. This effect was specific for the inhibition of PI-3 kinase as inhibition of other signaling pathways like extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 or p70S6 kinase did not affect spontaneous apoptosis. Furthermore PI-3 kinase was constitutively activated in freshly isolated B-CLL cells. Corresponding to enhanced apoptosis, LY294002 downregulated expression of the antiapoptotic proteins XIAP and Mcl-1. Next we investigated which factors downstream of PI-3 kinase were activated in B-CLL cells. We demonstrated that Proteinkinase B/Akt is expressed in all tested CLL samples but no activation of Akt was detected. In contrast, we observed a constitutive activation of PKCδ in freshly isolated B-CLL cells. PKCδ is linked to PI-3 kinase and phosphorylated at threonine 505 in response to PI-3 kinase activation. We further demonstrated that tyrosinephosphorylation and activity of PKCδ were depending on PI-3 kinase activity in B-CLL cells. Inhibition of PKCδ by the specific inhibitor Rottlerin strikingly enhanced apoptosis. In contrast, peripheral blood B-cells of healthy donors were resistant to inhibition of PI-3K or PKCδ. We conclude that activated PI-3 kinase might be important in the pathogenesis of B-CLL and survival signals might be mediated via PKCδ. Therefore inhibition of PI-3 kinase or PKCδ may be an innovative approach to treat B-CLL. For personal use only. on August 20, 2017. by guest www.bloodjournal.org From


India has introduced series of concrete measures to get Small-Medium sized Enterprise rated so as to minimize information gap and enhance SMEs' access to credit.Policy support,rating agencies,rating method and application of credit ratings are fully analyzed as the key to India's success in this specific aspect.Some recommendations are made for China,including the establishment of national policy support system for SMEs,fostering market demand through institutional arrangement,and high quality supply of credit rating products.


Nowadays, the digital media, especially social media gives a huge influence on the marketing world. This is where YouTube has become popular as a social media and regards as one of media platforms since many companies nowadays creating content marketing. Tropicana Slim, a company that has applied the content marketing trough YouTube in a format web series with the title "SORE-Istri Dari Masa Depan". Web series is a shorter series of narratives that use the internet as a medium for its spread. Web series "SORE-Istri Dari Masa Depan" is one of the web series that has an interesting message that is campaigning healthy lifestyle for young people. Thus, this research is aimed to examine the influence of Campaign on YouTube Tropicana Slim web series "SORE-Istri Dari Masa Depan" to The Attitude of healthy lifestyle of private college students in Bandung City. This study was divided into two independent variables and one dependent variable. The first independent variable was campaign (X1), the second independent variable was YouTube Video (X2), and the dependent variable was Attitude (Y). This research uses quantitative method with descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. Sampling using nonprobability sampling method with 100 respondents coming from three largest private universities in Bandung City, Universitas Pasundan, Universitas Telkom and Universitas Komputer Indonesia. Based on descriptive analysis, the result revealed that the response of respondents as a whole were in a very good category. It can be seen that there was a significant influence of Campaign on YouTube Tropicana Slim web series "SORE- Istri Dari Masa Depan" to The Attitude of healthy lifestyle of private college students in Bandung City.


Modern Aerospace, Naval and Defense platforms are overwhelmed with radiofrequency (RF) signals competing for spectrum. RF co-site interference has become a major problem due to the RF interference from jamming, radio stations nearby, or even from civilian communications such as mobile phones. It can be a problem on military platforms like surface warships, land vehicles, and aircraft where many different RF transmitting and receiving antennas must share a relatively small space. This can be a communication nightmare in which separate RF systems inadvertently step on each other's signals, causing an RF communication fratricide problem that can also be compounded by intentional or accidental RF jamming. It has become more important than ever to address these issues that arise due to RF co-site interference.In this paper, we present advanced simulation tools for antenna placement, antenna coupling and cosite interference on electrically large air platforms using Altair Feko and Wrap softwares. S-parameter coupling matrix of various antennas (both in-band and out-of-band) are computed using either full-wave solutions such as MoM, MLFMM or using asymptotic methods such as PO, RL-GO and UTD. Alternatively Coupling Loss Matrix, defined as the power ratio between powers at the terminals of the transmitting and receiving antennas can be computed using equivalent sources. S-Parameter matrix or Coupling Loss values are then used to study the parameters of co-site/collocation interference such as inter-modulation products, adjacent channel interference and harmonic interference. Furthermore, we will also discuss the options to mitigate collocation interference by adding appropriate filters.


Results of investigation of electric transport properties of a new magnetically ordered hollandite compound with a composition K 4 Cu 2 Fe 7 V 7 O 32 will be reported. Resistance versus temperature measurements (78-350 K) on the ceramic samples were carried out by means of four-lead dc, pulse and ac techniques. The temperature coefficient of resistance determined from R(T) measured by dc and pulse techniques has been found to be zero in 78-200 K range and it takes negative values in temperatures above 200 K. Additionally, hysteresis effect was observed in temperature range 200-310 K. Details of relationship between the resistance R and voltage U at different temperatures will be discussed. Surprisingly enough, the R(T) dependence of studied compound bears a characteristic features for amorphous material although the crystallinity of our samples has been confirmed by XRD and Mossbauer spectroscopy.


Objective: To investigate the concentrations of neuron specific enolase(NSE) in cerebrospi nal fluid(CSF) and serum in children with mumps meningoencephalitis,and discuss the values in assessing brain injury. Methods:NSE was measured with electrochemicoluminescence in C SF and serum in 39 children with mumps meningoencephalitis and 30 controls with on ly mumps without complication. The children were divided into two groups accordi ng to the alteration of EEG:normal EEG group in 28 cases and abnormal EEG group in 11 ones. Results:① Both CSF-NSE and sNSE levels of the mumps meningoen cephalitis abnormal EEG group and the normal EEG group,the control group had significant difference(P0.05),comparaed with each other. ② The CSF NSE correleated with not only serum concentration(r=0.7 8,P0.01),but also the pressure of CSF(r=0.5 8,P0.01). Didn't correleate with the count of CSF-WBC( r=0.10,P0.05). Conclusion:NSE can be used as CSF and serum indexes to assess brain injury in children with mumps meningoencephalitis,and can incarnates the severit y of patient's condition and lesion range and prognosis of the disease.


Stability comparisons of cervical facet wiring and posterior cervical plating in a quasi-static and cyclic environment contain important clinical ramifications and this research addresses this issue. Decreases in motion at C4-C5 after undergoing bilateral laminectomy and subsequent stabilization indicated that plate decreases in motion were markedly higher than facet wiring decreases in all cases except cyclic extension. Posterior plates were superior in almost every loading mode tested, including the cyclic mode. The stabilized and cyclic results were only similar in extension between plates and wires. Screw torque decreases between pre- and post-fatigue plate measurements did not appear to affect specimen stability. Posterior plates appear to be biomechanically superior to facet wiring in cervical spine stabilization following laminectomy.


Hypogamaglobulinemia is frequently associated with B-CLL rendering the patients prone to bacterial infections. The use of purine analogs that cause depletion of T lymphocytes in the treatment of this disease, increases the spectrum of susceptibility of these patients to oportunistic agents. We report a case of a young B-CLL patient treated with 2-CdA, who presented multiple infectious complications during the course of his disease associated with a severe cellular immune deficiency.


To enhance CO2 absorption from bio-gas by aqueous solution of alcohol amine and lye,four kinds of functionalized ionic liquids,[TMG]+[C3H4N2]-,[TMG]+[TFEA]-,[MEA]+[BF4]-and [MEA]+[CHOO]-,are synthesized and added to NaOH and MEA aqueous solution by a certain percentage,respectively,to form new CO2 absorbents. The characteristic of CO2 absorption is studied. The results indicate that the removal rates of CO2 in the systems of MEA-[TMG]+[C3H4N2]-,MEA-[MEA]+[CHOO]-and NaOH-[MEA]+[CHOO]-are higher than that of MEA and NaOH aqueous solutions. However,MEA-[TMG]+[TFEA]-,MEA-[MEA]+[BF4]-and NaOH-[MEA]+[BF4]-systems have lower CO2 removal rates than that of lye. At the same time,when the ratio of [MEA]+[CHOO]-and MEA is 2∶ 3,CO2 absorption efficiency is significantly improved. The removal rate of CO2 from Bio-gas is increased from 91. 3% to 95. 7%.


As a new mode of online education, MOOC has developed rapidly in recent years, which has brought a huge impact tothe traditional English teaching in China. This essay introduces the emergence and development of MOOC, analyzes its opportuni-ties and challenges to the Chinese English teaching, and puts forward some corresponding strategies, hoping to offer some referenc-es and suggestions for the future development of College English teaching.


This study is aimed at defining the concept of the newly coined language and discussing its formation in terms of neologism education for foreign learners. The ultimate goal of this study is to extract and select highly productive word constituent of neologism to enhance efficiency in vocabulary education. The characteristics of the newly coined words that this study wants to select can be summarized as follows: words used for a relatively long period of time, words widely used in daily oral communication, and the words which are not listed in the official dictionaries. Neologism are formed by compounding, derivation, and contraction. Blending is included in compounding, and contraction includes word clipping and initialism. This study suggested a list of 20 highly productive word constituent of neologism, which are extracted from 2,000 newly coined words registered in the ''Open Dictionary'' of the portal site ''Naver''. The results of this study is expected to contribute to improving the efficiency of Korean neologism education for foreign learners.


With the aim of enhancing the structural complexity and diversity of an existing collection of bi- and terphenyl compounds, we synthesized hybrid molecules comprising of spirocyclic ketones (a complexity-bearing core) and bi/terphenyls (privileged fragments). Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 6 showed well-defined activity on apoptosis and differentiation, making them potential leads for development as new anticancer agents and chemical probes to study signaling networks in neoplastic cells.


This exhibition has given the public an opportunity of seeing how science in industry has evolved a method of saving time and energy, and of reducing mental fatigue. As an unmechanical observer, I came away realising how helpful and stimulating my visit had been in relation to IllY own curative work, and wishing fellow-members and all whose aim it is"to co-ordinate mind and body to harmonious activity, could have shared the same experience.


In this study, the allozymic and genotypic variation of leucine-aminopeptidase (Lap-2) and phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) in Procambarus clarkii from Baja Califor...


The use of bioindicators to assess the conservation status of various ecosystems is becoming increasingly common, although fungi have not been widely used for this purpose. The aim was to use the analysis of the macromycetes fruiting bodies in the area of a natural reserve and the degree of preservation of its different zones combined with the use of geographical information systems (GIS). For this purpose, quantitative and qualitative fungal samples were carried out in plots of the middle-west of the Iberian Peninsula previously delimited and characterised thanks to GIS during the springs and autumns of the 2009–2012 period. In addition, the lifestyles of the fungal species were analysed as well as the influence of the main meteorological parameters on fungal fruiting. A total of 10,125 fruiting bodies belonging to 148 species were counted on 20 plots with four vegetation units (holm oak dehesas, mixed holm oaks and Pyrenean oak dehesas with different abundance and grasslands). The distribution of the different species, their lifestyles and the number of fruiting bodies in the different plots of the reserve indicated that the eastern part was best conserved, showing that the combination of fungal diversity studies and the use of GIS could be useful in the management of areas with environmental relevance.


Introduction: The subject of this study was to collect patient opinions related to coordinated health care organization before pilot implementation phase of a coordinated care project Primary Health Care PLUS (PHC PLUS) in Poland, co-financed from the European Social Fund. The research was intended to verify hypotheses regarding patients' satisfaction, the role of coordinator and patients' health education, recruitment to health checkups, access to specialists and individual disease management. Methodology: The study employed qualitative (focus group interviews – FGIs – 24 adult patients in 3 subgroups, 17 questions) and quantitative (computer-assisted internet interviews – CAWI – representative sample of 1000 patients, 18 questions) techniques. CAWI questions derived from FGI discussions. To be enrolled, patients had to use public primary or specialist health care at least twice in the last two years. The study was carried out in April - May 2017. Results: FGIs revealed that the concept of regular health checkups performed among non-symptomatic patients was accepted, but the proposed exclusion of patients older than 65 years of age was contested. The idea of disease management met approval. The main benefit pointed out was the fast diagnosis followed by coordinated treatment in PHC with specialists' support. 76,2% of patients in CAWI agreed for sharing their medical data to medical staff involved, if this improves the treatment process. 84.3% of patients appreciated adding their health information to patient accounts, 4.9% were against and 1.3% definitely excluded that. The risk of being treated by incompetent specialist was raised during FGIs and confirmed during CAWI, so patients expected to be allowed to change doctor in such a case. However, patients would be ready to give up their own choice of a specialist, if the waiting time for the diagnosis is reduced to about 2 weeks. The role of health care coordinator was appreciated. Discussion and conclusions: Respondents declared that coordinated care concept meets their expectations. They were interested in participation in health checkups and disease management programs, perceived as a solution to avoid queuing for specialists' visits and to shorten the time needed to establish the diagnosis. The need for greater engagement in the treatment process did not deter the proposed solutions. Patients also positively evaluated the role of a health care coordinator. 62.2% of patients were ready to change the healthcare institution, if the existing one does not offer the coordinated care. Lessons learned: The common belief among patients is that the implementation of coordination in Poland will result in positive changes in the organization of public health care. Thus, changes planned in this sector might be welcomed by most of patients. Limitations: Opinions gathered could not be verified by patients in the real-life setting, but a high degree of trust was granted by them. Future studies: Further studies focused on patients' satisfaction should be conducted after the implementation of coordinated care. Adjustment of the model dependent on geographical location (urban vs. rural) could be considered.


This paper presents an analysis of the parent material damage and electrode wear of a handheld electrical discharge machining (EDM) drill. The motivation of this study is to investigate the material effects of EDM drilling on aerospace alloys at a microstructure level. The specific effects that are being investigated are heat affected zones (HAZ), grain structure changes, material composition changes, and fracturing. A secondary goal of this study is to determine if there is potential for electrode wear prediction models for supply chain management. The study consisted of making cuts into both Inconel and titanium test specimens while varying cut depths and electrode diameters. The results of the study found that the electrode wear while cutting Inconel showed some amount of predictable behavior. On the contrary, the titanium specimens did not indicate a predictable behavior and did not appear to follow an intuitive trend. Interestingly, when drilling into titanium, the active electrode increased in length, indicating that the titanium is being deposited onto the electrode. The EDM drill caused notable damage to the parent material, including a substantial recast layer of up to approximately 150 μm in thickness, incorporation of electrode material into the parent material through the recast layer, and formation of microcracks that can cross the recast layer/parent material interface. These noted characteristics can have an impact on material performance and longevity due to the nonuniform nature of the damage and the introduction of microcracks crossing from the recast layer into the parent material.


Interacting with others and managing oneself are two major functions of self but the most important function of self is self-regulation (Franzoi, 2006; Tesser, 1995). The concept of self regulation in an academic context is known as academic self regulation. In other words, it is the measure through which learners control and direct their own learning. Iran-Nejad (1990) stated that learning occurs under the active control of one's internal source of self regulation. In self-regulated learning students work on tasks while constructing personal strategies in their own words and self control over outcomes (Butler, 2002).Self-Regulated learning has become an important topic in education and research over the past few decades (Steffen, 2006). One of the major reasons for this is that researchers discovered that the extent to which a learner is capable of regulating his or her own learning greatly affects academic performance (Santrock, 2006: Bembenutty, 2005). Producing independent learners is a major aim of school (Nasir & Kono, 2004). Teachers' lessons in the class do not play a solo role any more when it comes to measuring students' learning performance; what's more important is students' ability to master their own learning. Needs of individual learners must be kept in mind in constructing the teaching-learning process (Nasir & Kono, 2004).Although there are a variety of theoretical perspectives on self-regulated learning, it is generally viewed as a complex, multidimensional process that integrates with other sub-processes. Zimmerman (1998) is of the view that self-regulation is a cyclical activity on the part of the learner, one that occurs in three major phases: forethought, performance of volitional control and self reflection with sub-processes. These three phases are regarded as before learning, during learning and after learning phases. Pintrch's (2000) theoretical model classifies the process of self regulation in four phases: planning, self monitoring, control and evaluation within cognitive, affective and behavioral areas. Nasir (2005) is of the view that learners use their own thinking during learning using the self instruction component of self-regulation.Components of Academic Self-RegulationAcademic self-regulation includes the components of self-planning, self-monitoring, self-instructions, self-evaluation and self-reaction.Self Planning. Taking strategic actions which refer to self generated actions and thoughts, which are systematically designed to attain the desired goals, is called self planning (Zimmerman, 1998). This process includes goal setting, planning, self-motivational beliefs, outcome expectations, and the extent to which the learner gives importance to the tasks.Self Monitoring. Self monitoring is the inclination to use cues from other peoples' self presentations in controlling one's own self presentations (Frenzoi, 2006). Deliberate attention to one's own behavior is called self monitoring. It is assisted with self recording where instances of behavior are recorded along with time, space and frequency of occurrence. As Worchel, Cooper, Goethal, and Olson (2000) stated that self monitoring is adjusting oneself from situation to situation or to the standards set by others. If you are self monitoring, you can control both your verbal and non-verbal presentations so that you can respond to those expectations. High self monitoring individuals are concerned about and are aware of the way others react to them, but they give more importance about actively and effectively changing their behavior to adjust to others' reactions and expectations.Self Instruction. Self instruction refers to taking notice and considering academic strengths, weaknesses and strategies as they apply to tackle day to day challenges of academic tasks (Zimmerman, 1998). He further states that self instruction is telling oneself to go ahead during a learning task and solve different problems. …


At a time when musculoskeletal radiology is increasingly dominated by the use of magnetic resonance imaging, it is refreshing to find a book dedicated solely to the interpretation of plain radiographs of the skeletal system. The plain film focus is justified on grounds that, even in economically privileged parts of the world, plain radiographs form a substantial component of diagnostic imaging work, whilst remembering that for many hospitals around the world, plain radiography may be the only imaging technique available. Although the manual is intended for general practitioners, medical specialists, radiographers and radiologists working in small hospitals with little or no access to other radiological material, the book would also be highly appropriate for radiographers in the UK who have undertaken specialized training for an extended role that includes reporting of plain radiographs. The book is well organized and well presented. Following initial chapters covering the general principles of plain radiography of the skeletal system and normal radiographic anatomy, abnormalities are covered systematically by aetiological categories such as trauma, infection, arthritis and so on. The normal radiographic anatomy and abnormal conditions are well illustrated with appropriately selected radiographs and line drawings reproduced to a high standard. However, Figures 3.5 and 3.6 have significant annotation errors. Each chapter begins with a useful section covering terminology and definitions and offers a general approach to the conditions that follow. The worldwide relevance of the book is maintained by frequent references to the impact that ethnicity and geography can have on the conditions likely to be encountered. I found the section covering the complex topic of primary bone tumours particularly clear and concise. However, a greater emphasis on how normal variants can simulate disease would be helpful to enable the target readership to use the book as a stand-alone reference. Nevertheless, this issue is addressed by the suitable list of suggested useful texts that completes the book. The book contains no index which I found a little irksome and not fully compensated by the detailed list of sub-sections provided at the beginning of each chapter. Within the UK, the book is well priced at under £50 and would be of most benefit for undergraduate medical students, and in radiology departments where radiographers undertake plain film reporting.


ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the field performance of the piezoelectric-based energy harvesting pavement system (PZ-EHPS) under moving traffic loads by multi-physics modelling. Finite element models (FEMs) with multiple physical interfaces were built with the close circuit system. The laboratory scale of FEM was analysed to validate the voltage output as compared to the measurements in laboratory tests. To enhance the computational efficiency of large-scale simulation, a homogenisation approach was developed to convert the piezoelectric composite layer to the homogeneous layer with equivalent mechanical and electric properties. The variations of power output patterns from the PZ-EHPS, with different geometric designs under different traffic loading levels and temperature conditions, were studied. The results show that the width of the PZ-EHPS shall match the wheel path to generate electricity and avoid energy consumption in the area uncovered by traffic loading, during the electricity transmission. The power output of the PZ-EHPS shows an exponential relationship with the increase of load magnitude from vehicles. Future studies are needed to achieve the full utilisation of each function layer for building smart pavement with multiple functions.


Halstead's Software Science has been subject to much criticism (7,10). There have also been several papers suggesting that the theory does have some relevance and is worthy of further investigation (2,3,8). One of the criticisms of the basic length equation is its poor performance as program length increases. This investigation of 29 Pascal programs varying in length from 27 tokens to 16556 tokens adds further weight to this criticism.


The main subject of this paper is to investigate in Latin American international law the existence of a more comprehensive list of jus cogens rules, to the detriment of the one existing in general/Europeanized international law. To do so, through a descriptive and exploratory bibliographical and jurisprudential research, the concept of jus cogens in the field of international law will be investigated in the light of the knowledge forged in the inter-American human rights system, beyond those places considered as traditional, precisely because they are exclusive and dominating. The conclusion reached is that, based on libertarian theses, especially in the area of human rights, it is possible to note the important role of the inter-American plan by offering a counter-hegemonic voice with regard to the understanding of the concept of jus cogens on the basis in its decisions, proving to be a possibility of resistance of the South in the present time, in search of its space in the construction of the international right, from its own knowledge.


1. In a comparative slaughter experiment, growing lambs were given concentrate diets in which 14 or 19% metabolizable energy (ME) provided by barley was replaced by sodium, calcium and potassium salts of acetic acid. As the proportion of ME as acetate was increased, energy retention decreased. ME intake was 9271, 9430 and 9217 ± 67 kJ/d and energy retention was 2698, 2422 and 2280 ± 71 kJ/d for the diets containing 0, 14 or 19% ME as acetate respectively. There were no differences in protein deposition. The efficiency of utilization of acetate for energy retention (kf) was calculated by difference to be 3 and 10 ± 13% respectively for the diets containing 14 and 19% ME as acetate. 2. In a second experiment, growing lambs were given concentrate diets in which 4 or 16% ME provided by barley was replaced by salts of acetic acid, and utilization was measured by indirect calorimetry. There were no significant differences in the utilization of the diets for maintenance (km) or energy retention (kf). The km values were 82.4 ± 2.3 and 81.2 ± 0.7%, and kf values were 67.4 ± 4.5 and 65.8 ± 2.7% respectively for the diets providing 4 and 16% ME as acetate. The kf of the additional acetate in the diet providing 16% ME as acetate was calculated by difference to be 54%. 3. The acetate and Ca concentrations of the rumen digesta were increased by including acetate salts in the diet, but Na and K concentrations were not affected. 4. It is concluded that the best explanation for the poor utilization of acetate in the comparative slaughter experiment is that acetate was poorly utilized for lipogenesis. The calorimetry experiment contained relatively large errors, but the results suggest that acetate may be utilized efficiently in some circumstances. It is suggested that these results and apparently conflicting results in the literature may be explained by the concept that the efficient utilization of acetate is dependent upon the supply of glucose or glucose precursor.


These investigators found an association between proximity of community exercise facilities and frequency of exercise; those individuals with a greater density of exercise facilities in the vicinity of their home were more likely to report exercising three times per week. If convenience to exercise facilities is correlated with exercise behavior, it is possible that having exercise equipment available in the home might also be correlated with exercise behavior. Therefore we studied the relationship between the number of pieces of exercise equipment in the home and the degree of physical activity.


A GUI using MATLAB is coded for slow global orbit feedback that is based on a newly established EPICS environment in PLS. The GUI displays the response matrix, the SVD analysis, the orbit, and the correction kicks. The orbit feedback algorithm uses the SVD (singular value decomposition) method. The orbit feedback GUI gives a good convenience in the analysis of orbit feedback.


Critical reasoning about sociology's current situation and perspectives on the one hand and thinking about changes within its object on the other should be closely linked. The article examines this connection with regard to the transnationalization of social worlds. In Germany, sociology as a scientific discipline emerged together with the nation-state, which turned out to be the main conceptual framework of sociology's theoretical and empirical efforts. But nation-state based container societies are being punctured and relativised at the turning point of the century and millennium by transnationalization. For an adequate sociological reflection of this, both conceptual tools and correspondent networks are yet to be developed. Due to its specific historic conditions, there is more to be done about this point in Germany than is in other countries. Thus, great efforts must be made towards the transnationalization of sociological theory and the sociological profession


The invention discloses a method for detecting residual chlorine. According to the method, microscale syringe pump is taken as a driving effect force, a micro fluidic chip is taken as a carrier, a chromogenic mixing reaction of a residual chlorine sample and a chromogenic reagent DPD is carried out, then an assembled optics detection system is used for detecting the content of the residual chlorine in the sample. The micro fluidic chip used in the detection method has a micro block array unit for promoting the residual chlorine sample and DPD chromogenic reagent reaction, and a spectrophotometry method is used for detecting the residual chlorine content in the sample in a sample detection pool. The invention provides the residual chlorine sample determination method with simple, rapid and effective characteristics.


Our main purpose in this study was to quantify biological tissue in computed tomography (CT) examinations with the aim of developing a skull and a chest patient equivalent phantom (PEP), both specific to infants, aged between 1 and 5 years old. This type of phantom is widely used in the development of optimization procedures for radiographic techniques, especially in computed radiography (CR) systems. In order to classify and quantify the biological tissue, we used a computational algorithm developed in Matlab ®. The algorithm performed a histogram of each CT slice followed by a Gaussian fitting of each tissue type. The algorithm determined the mean thickness for the biological tissues (bone, soft, fat, and lung) and also converted them into the corresponding thicknesses of the simulator material (aluminum, PMMA, and air). We retrospectively analyzed 148 CT examinations of infant patients, 56 for skull exams and 92 were for chest. The results provided sufficient data to construct a phantom to simulate the infant chest and skull in the posterior–anterior or anterior–posterior (PA/AP) view. Both patient equivalent phantoms developed in this study can be used to assess physical variables such as noise power spectrum (NPS) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) or perform dosimetric control specific to pediatric protocols.


Snow cover on sea ice poses a challenge for radar measurements as microwave penetration into snow is not yet fully understood. In this study, the aim is to investigate microwave penetration into snow on Arctic sea ice using commercial C (6 GHz) and K (26 GHz) band tank radars. Nadir-looking radar measurements collected at nine study locations over first-year and multiyear landfast sea ice in the Lincoln Sea in May 2018 are analysed together with detailed measurements of the physical properties of the snow cover to determine the dominant scattering horizons at both frequencies. They are evaluated for the feasibility to determine snow depth. The results show that in 39% of the measurements and only on first-year ice a major fraction of the C band radar backscatter originated closer to the snow–ice interface potentially enabling snow depth retrieval. At K band, 81% of the radar returns originated from the snow surface. Partly confirming the findings of previous studies, however, the analysis was potentially hampered by relatively warm air temperatures (up to

 $-0.9^\circ$

 C) during the study period as well as stratigraphic features and inconclusive microwave interaction with the saline basal layers found in the snow cover on first-year ice.


Opportunistic Networks aim to provide reliable communications in an intermittently connected environment. Most of the existing transmission schemes are taking a class of store-carry-forward schemes to improve the delivery. However, they don't take the social selfish nodes into consideration. To deal with the unpredictability in connections and uncooperative behaviors in the nodes, this paper proposes a transmission scheme to make the social selfish nodes cooperate in forwarding messages for other nodes. In the proposed scheme, a priority is given to a message according to the cooperation degree, a cache management scheme is applied, and a delivery probability is calculated to guide nodes to select the better nodes as its relay. Simulation experiments show that the proposed routing protocol is effective and outperforms the existing routing solutions.


Purpose

This paper aims to achieve rapid design and manufacturing of personalized total knee femoral component.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of a patient's bone model, a matching personalized knee femoral component was rapidly designed with the help of computer-aided design method, then manufactured directly and rapidly by selective laser melting (SLM). Considered SLM as manufacturing technology, CoCrMo-alloyed powder that meets ASTM F75 standard is made of femoral component under optimal processing parameters. The feasibility of SLM forming through conducting experimental test of mechanical properties, surface roughness, biological corrosion resistance was analyzed.

Findings

The result showed that the tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and biological corrosion resistance of CoCrMo-alloyed personalized femoral component fulfill knee joint prosthesis standard through post-processing.

Originality/value

Traditional standardized prosthesis implantation manufacturing approach was changed by computer-aided design and personalized SLM direct manufacturing, and provided a new way for personalized implanted prosthesis to response manufacturing rapidly.


In this study we offer the results of evaluation of optic nerve disc's peripapillary atrophy in people of different age. We examined 232 patients in age from 35 years to 83 years old. All patients were divided into groups, according to age factor. We made our research, using Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT 3).


The design of intelligent monitoring system which can be use to monitor the situation of fire and the leakage of housing is based on STC12C5608AD MCU and MQ-2 gas sensor meanwhile it includes the human body infrared module and an acousto-optic monitoring module, monitoring of the indicators by each module, and the detection result is transmitted to the micro controller. Once there is something dangerous, which can gives out the alarm, so as to some one can realize the intelligent residential burglary, fire, gas leakage prevention function so that protect residences from the loss of life and property.


This paper proposed a new approach to waymark detection based on visual attention mechanism.This approach introduced the bottom-up human visual attention model after the image grey scale transformation,extracted low-level features of the image and constructed the saliency map.According to the whole saliency map,it detected the salient regions in an image,fixed the location of waymark in an image.The experimental results on multiple real-time traffic images demonstrate this approach can adapt to the test in an outdoor natural environment and be of high accuracy and real-time.


The system has been assembled as a prototype then were acquired and storaged 520 images from the dorsal side of the right hand of 52 di erent users, and then is accomplished an extracting of a region of interest de ned by the largest square portion of the dorsal hand. Then a pre-processing of image has been applied using three di erent methods of image equalization and smoothing for later extraction of the veins characteristics using the Curvelet Transform in "wrapping" function and application of the Local Binary Pattern algorithm (LBP) for scanning the extracted content. On the next step, an identi cation analysis has been performed using ve di erent classi cation methods. First, a probabilistic Naive Bayes classi er was used, second a classi er based on linear regression called Kernel Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) was applied, third and fourth two algorithms based on decision trees, C4.5 and Random Forest were tested, and nally an algorithm based on arti cial neural networks Multilayer Perceptron was performed. The classi ers have been tested using the cross-validation method, and the information was separated by 10 folds wherein 10% of the data were used for training and 90% of the data were used for testing. From the same data resulted of the pre-processing step, two algorithms have been applied for selection features, the rst based on the correlation based feature selection and the second in selecting attributes based to the concept of entropy data. The results proof that the equalization method by contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization, in the pre-processing stage, shown the best results. From the application of classi ers, the best result was achieved by using the arti cial neural network proposal and the false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR) found through the processing were estimated in 0.038 and 0.003 respectively. Tests were also performed to assess the minimum amount of images needed to identify people and as result ve images per user were found as the ideal number. Finally, the assessment of the biometric system permanence was performed using acquired images after a year of the rst analysis and the results shown that the system is robust, even that the pictures contain minor changes proportional to index variations of body mass of users.


. The emitter formation in industrial p-type silicon solar cells is generally done by phosphorus diffusion. To optimize the emitter in terms of high efficiency, series resistance and recombination losses of the emitter are balanced out. In this work, we present the results of a design of experiment (DoE) to optimize the main parameters of the P-diffusion. Therefore, we use a novel approach to evaluate the results of the DoE: We approximate the unavoidable correlation between the emitter saturation current density ( j 0e ) and the emitter sheet resistance ( ρ sh ) and create a new target variable ( dj 0e ), which describes the deviation from this correlation. This allows us to understand the key parameters that can minimize emitter saturation current density while keeping emitter sheet resistance at a target value.


Background: Burnout and presenteeism are two emerging occupational health challenges which share same locus among healthcare workers, and the trend is rising. We aim to define the magnitude of burnout and presenteeism among frontline members of the health workforce and explore any correlation between the two in order to provide empirical data from our socioeconomic and geographical background. Design and Methods: We used self-administered questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional study among the physicians and nurses in a regional trauma centre in Enugu, Eastern Nigeria; with the respondents selected by stratified random sampling. The Oldenburg burnout inventory and Stanford presenteeism scale were used to measure burnout and presenteeism respectively, while the 2-item patient-health questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to screen for depression. The level of statistical significance was determined by a p value of <0.05. Results: Among the healthcare workers surveyed (n=155); 34 (21.9%) were physicians, while 121 (78.1%) were nurses. Burnout prevalence was 69%. Burnout was associated with self-rated health status and length of years in professional service but not the occupation or depression screen status of the worker. Sixty-two healthcare workers (40%) screened positive for depression. A positive screen for depression was the only factor that had significant association with lower presenteeism scores (p=0.002). The mean presenteeism scores had strong negative correlation with both the exhaustion (p<0.001) and disengagement (p<0.001) domains of burnout. Conclusion: Burnout is high among the healthcare workers and correlates with presenteeism scores. The mental health of the workforce greatly impaired their productivity. Significance for public health Despite the high prevalence of burnout and presenteeism among healthcare workers their impact on the productivity of the workforce has not received adequate attention. Much of the work on burnout and presenteeism has been directed at their prevalence and associated demographics, while a few addressed their potential for direct harm or suboptimal care to patients. However, these earlier research perspectives provide insufficient resource for health economists and public health administrators. Accordingly, we chose to explore the relationship between the twin problems of high burnout and presenteeism among healthcare workers and their impact on productivity. We have reported our finding of an inverse correlation between burnout domains and productivity of the health workers. Furthermore, the revelation of 40% positive screen for depression raises serious concern regarding the mental health of the healthcare providers as it portends grave public health implications for themselves and the patients they cater for.


China faces an immense water crisis characterized by serious water pollution and water scarcity. The country's rapid economic development over the past decades occurred without the restrictions of environmental protection standards. In the past twenty years, China has made great strides towards environmental protection, including developing one of the world's most comprehensive set of environmental laws. However, the condition of China's water continues to devolve as issues of enforcement prevent environmental law from becoming reality. This enforcement gap is the primary issue in China's environmental policy. Prioritization of the economy over the environment, decentralization of enforcement power, powerless NGOs and EPBs, along with corruption and low public awareness of environmental issues create an enforcement gap that highlights weaknesses in the Chinese system and poses a sustainability threat to China and the global community. China's water and environment cannot see significant improvements until the policies set out by the central government are enforced at the national and local levels.


The kinematic analysis model of a modular space deployable support truss frame structure is established. The deployable performance is verified through the dynamic analysis of its unfolding process. After establishing the finite element model of the support structure which is fully unfolded and locked, modal analysis is carried out. According to the basic theory of graphics, the properties such as area utilization ratio, fundamental frequency and mass in different module numbers and different module layout modes are compared under specific aperture. The hexagon layout mode is selected as study subject because of its better indexes. The influence of configuration parameters such as antenna aperture, module number and bar section size on the fundamental frequency and total mass are analyzed under hexagonal layout. The results provide a guidance to the parameters selection of deployable antenna.


Regulatory B cells (Bregs) limit inflammatory responses in various organs. While most studies suggest that Bregs exert their anti-inflammatory functions by virtue of IL-10 production in lymphoid tissues such as spleen and lymph nodes, we found that IL-10 producing B cells reside constitutively in skin and are preferentially recruited in inflammation in an α4β1 integrin-dependent manner. To address whether Bregs suppress inflammation at the effector site (i.e. inflamed skin), we employed mice with an inducible B-cell specific deletion of α4-integrin. Selectively blocking migration of B cells into the inflamed skin led to increased localized inflammation in mouse models of psoriasis and cutaneous hypersensitivity. The data support a model in which Bregs suppress inflammation not only in lymphoid tissues but also at effector sites.


: Context: AKI in neonates and infants is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Aims: To evaluate epidemiology, clinical profile and outcomes of acute kidney injury in neonates and infants. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study from over 1year period. Methods and Material: Neonates and infants with clinical symptoms or abnormal laboratory parameters suggesting acute kidney injury were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical history and relevant investigations performed. Renal failure classified by pRIFLE. Dialysis was performed when needed and outcomes are analysed. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics for continuous variables. Pearson chi-square test for categorical data using Epi info TM 7 statistical software. Results: The incidence of AKI is 11.53 %(21/182).Neonates were 28.57%(6) and infants were 71.42%(15). Male female ratio was 3.2(16/5). Infections were the commonest aetiology in 76.19%(16) with highest being sepsis 23.80%(5). Most common clinical features were oligura 61.9%(13) followed by fever 57.1% (12). Most common laboratory features elevated total WBC count in 76.19%(16) and hypoalbuminemia 52.38%(11). Peritoneal dialysis was done in 38.09% (8)of babies. Complete recovery seen in 80.95%(17) and mortality in 19.4%(4) of babies. Sepsis contributed to mortality in 75 %( 3) babies. Conclusions: Acute kidney injury in neonates and infants is not uncommon and needs frequent renal function monitoring for prevention.


The aging,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking,obesity and other risk factors to arterial dysfunction in the earliest lesions appeared as endothelial dysfunction.With the occurrence and development of lesions,the lesions development from arterial intima into the middle artery,that is, increasing the content of collagen fibers,decreasing the content of elastic fibe,resulting in diffuse arterial sclerosis,decreased flexibility,increased stiffness, that is arteriosclerosis.It was confirmed that chronic hyperglycemia lead to arteriosclerosis and diabetic microangiopathy,including the development of diabetic retinopathy.So,in order to know about the relationship between macroangiopathy and microangiopathy in diabetic,it is important to sum up the research in recent years about arteriosclerosis and diabetic retinopathy and the relationship between them.


ABSTRACT This drainage and subirrigation project examined the water management alternatives of a claypan soil so that it could be better managed for crop production, even for alfalfa. Soil water content and alfalfa yields were determined at various distances perpendicular to the drains during the growth of and after four cuttings each year during 1984 through 1986. Subsurface drains removed one-third to one-half of the excess precipitation (that which resulted in surface or drain flow) during these three years of alfalfa production. The drains removed 41% of the excess precipitation (not used or stored) during the nongrowing season and 47% during the growing season. Subsurface irrigation improved yields, up to three times over that of the nonirrigated treatments during dry periods. However, the slowly permeable claypan restricted the lateral flow of subirrigation water to less than 2 m from the drain. Even though the system studied significantly reduced runoff, future use for subirrigation will be limited unless drains can be installed at 4-m spacing. Sprinkler irrigation yields were about 10% to 27% less than those for subirrigation at 0.5 m from the drain. Alfalfa stand density decreased over time, but the change was not affected by drainage or irrigation.


Background and ObjectivesZZThe sense of taste is one of the most important human senses and plays a critical role in an individual's food preferences and the nutritional status. Proper gustatory function in older people is important for quality of life and enjoyment of food. The objectives of this study was to investigate the effect of aging on taste thresholds in Korean subjects. Subjects and MethodZZOne hundred sixty normal volunteers without smell and taste disorders were investigated. Each subject was given a questionnaire for age, sex, status of smoking and medication. Then, a whole mouth taste test was performed with successive solutions of sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, and quinine hydrochloride. ResultsZZOlder subjects (over 50 years) showed worse taste sensitivity compared with younger subjects (age 20-29 years). The detection thresholds of all four basic tastes and the recognition threshold of salty taste of elderly participants were significantly higher than those of young par ticipants. ConclusionZZGustatory sensitivity was found to decrease with age. Especially, older subjects appeared to have a reduced perception of salt, which can alter eating habits, such as intake of more salty foods. Our data can provide preliminary normative values for future investigation of chemosensation in the Korean population. � Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2013;56:286-90 Key WordsZZAging ㆍTaste ㆍTaste threshold .


The theory of the abettor dependency is the inevitable product of the objectivism era in criminal law.The question of the abettor dependency can be divided into three kinds:the theory of the subservience of execution,the theory of subservience of elements and the subservience of name of crime.According to criminal legislation stipulation and the corresponding theory of the criminal law,we must insist that our country's criminal law persist the theory of the subservience of execution and the theory of subservience of elements,but not the subservience of name of crime.


A study were conducted in GantaAfeshum woreda, Eastern Zone of Tigray from March 2014 to April 2015 with an aim of improving livestock productivity and reproductive performance through improving livestock management practices of the producers. To achieve this, model farmers taken from the target sites were made to take an intensive training on livestock management and the impact of the training on productive and reproductive performances of the selected cows as well as chickens of the farmer's research groups were then followed while the farmer's research group try to implement the training they took at house hold level. Two types of data's (pre and post) training related to livestock productive and reproductive performance were collected during this study using Questionnaire and direct observation methods. Pre-training assessment of the reproductive and productive performance of the FRG's dairy cow and chickens shows an average milk yield (in Litter) of 1.06 + 0.425 and 2.73 + 0.82;AFC (in year) of 3.39 + 0.66 and 3.12 + 0.46;CI (in year) of 1.79 + 0.5 and 1.46 + 0.47 and CR (in Number) of 1.93 + 0.18 and 1.98 + 0.57 for  local and cross breed dairy cows respectively and  AFL(in month) of 7.3 + 0.42 and 6.9 + 0.24, Number of eggs/hen/clutch of  11.5 + 2 and 16.97 + 4.19 and hatchability(in %) of 59.96 + 2.26 and 55.81 + 2.94 respectively in the local and cross breed chickens. Post training assessment of the FRG's Dairy cows on two parameter i.e. Average milk yield and conception rate shows a significant change  in which  1.63 + 0.61 and 3.38 + 1.26 average mink yield and 1.58 + 0.32, 1.75 + 0.37 average conception rate (P<0.05)  were recorded for both the local and cross breed cows respectively. On the other hand, the AFL, NE/H/C as well as Hatchability percentage of the local and cross breed chickens, were found 6.1 + 0.38 and 5.18 + 0.3; 15.9 + 3.38 and 19.55 + 4.49; 76.21 + 0.53 and 73.7 + 0.57 respectively indicating the fact that it is possible to improve the productivity and reproductive performance of our indigenous livestock even with the available resources provided that ample job is done to improve the understanding of the producers. Keywords: GantaAfeshum, Dairy Cows, Chickens, Management, Productive and Reproductive Performance


Model atmosphere analyses are presented for high resolution spectra of six stars at high galactic latitude. Although their derived atmospheric parameters are consistent with their previous classification as early B-type stars, their metal abundances are significantly different from those expected for Population I objects. However both their chemical composition and atmospheric parameters appear consistent with a Post Asymptotic Giant Branch evolutionary status. Additional evidence for this hypothesis is present in the spectra of one star (LS IV-12° 111), where its higher effective temperature is sufficient to excite emission lines from the surrounding nebula.


This paper analyses the status of disposal of administrative personnel in management organization of the NCMS in Hubei Province, the result shows that the personnel disposal should consider many factors, such as: the population of joining in the NCMS and its tendency, the economy situation, the population and the relative policy. And the disposal principle should consider choosing a person for a job, high effective management, and reasonable construction of the specialty and the knowledge.


We concur with the views expressed regarding previous few studies, where the results have been expressed in terms of metabolite ratios.[1] However, pertaining to our study, where most of the lesions were diffused and histopathological confirmation was available for cases, the comparison was made in relation to integral values of the metabolites and deviation from normal spectra, and metabolite ratios were not used.


Motivated by the success of fractional pixel motion in video coding, we explore the design of motion estimation with fractional-voxel resolution for compression of color attributes of dynamic 3D point clouds. Our proposed block-based fractional-voxel motion estimation scheme takes into account the fundamental differences between point clouds and videos, i.e., the irregularity of the distribution of voxels within a frame and across frames. We show that motion compensation can benefit from the higher resolution reference and more accurate displacements provided by fractional precision. Our proposed scheme significantly outperforms comparable methods that only use integer motion. The proposed scheme can be combined with and add sizeable gains to state-of-the-art systems that use transforms such as Region Adaptive Graph Fourier Transform and Region Adaptive Haar Transform.


Flyover noise characteristics are presented for the Boeing 707‐300B/C equipped with standard production nacelles and with experimental quiet nacelles modified by the addition of sound‐absorbing materials. Acoustic‐treatment theory and technology required to develop the quiet nacelles are discussed. Results from, and techniques for, noise‐certification flight testing to meet FAA regulations are presented. Comparisons of noise levels of a modified 707 aircraft, noise floors, and noise from other operational aircraft are provided.Subject Classification: 50.40, 50.50, 50.55, 50.75.


The evaluation of the processes of environmental management of the PBOT has been one of the topics most debated from the promulgation of the Law 388 of 1997. In the matter numerous expositions of boarding have been done from the systemic complex thought interpreting relations of spatial territorial municipal behavior that should determine the appropriation of the territory on the part of the communities accepting a social emergent equitable structure. The characterization of the reality environmental partner of the municipality of The Virginia allowed to determine the economic, geographical, social and administrative aspects that raise the need to incorporate the notion of sustainability in the urban regional development, Designing that the reduction of the environmental degradation in the local area, for factors generally associated with the poverty (conditions of habitability and sanitary precarious, accumulation of solid residues and exhibition to risks.) restricts the emergency of a social equity. The dynamics of the territorial classification in the municipality of The Virginia allows to determine a sectorial planning of use and occupation of the land with some relatively participative processes, planning the suitable use of the resources and the sure occupation of the territory, nevertheless the ideological and cultural stamp of the elites of the municipality to unleashed a system of territorial classification based fundamentally on the agricultural production, That brings as consequence a heterogeneous socioeconomic evolution, where some sectors of the population develop to intensive paces, due to his narrow links with the productive traditional and different systems, on the other hand, they have remained relatively unaltered, which generates an imaginary group of lag, which one tries to overcome for several routes, as the migrations in search of new opportunities, the violence with his consequences and the abandon of the search of the endogenous progress. The strategies for the improvement of the processes of development and classification of the municipality of The Virginia promote a set of actions coordinated to orientate the transformation, occupation and utilization of the geographical spaces, looking for his socioeconomic development, having in it counts the needs and interests of the population, the potentials of the considered territory and the harmony with the environment.


Westerly granite (WG) has been generally accepted as an isotropic homogeneous rock. Here, we return to WG and observe significant elastic anisotropy using multidirectional ultrasonic sounding on spherical samples at pressures up to 400 MPa. Thermal treatment of WG leads to formation of microcracks that reduce elastic wave velocities and increase its elastic anisotropy. The 3D distribution of P‐wave velocities at low pressure is close to orthorhombic symmetry. Application of hydrostatic pressure closes most of thermally induced microcracks and decreases elastic anisotropy of WG, but at high pressure the anisotropy is practically reversed compared to low pressure: maximum P‐wave velocity direction at low pressures is near minimum velocity direction at high pressure and vice versa. To understand this effect, microstructures of the rock were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Preferred orientations of four major rock‐forming minerals—quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, and biotite—were measured by time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction, which confirms significant crystal alignment. All these data were used to numerically model anisotropic elastic properties of WG. It is shown that WG possesses weak intrinsic elastic anisotropy related mainly to the preferred orientation of feldspars formed during igneous crystallization. Observed microcracks are mostly related to the cleavage planes of feldspars and biotite, and thus also demonstrate preferred orientation. Higher preheating temperatures produce larger quantity of longer microcracks. A numerical model shows that these microcracks act against the weak intrinsic elastic anisotropy of WG, and define the elastic anisotropy at low pressures.


The shaking table is a powerful tool in dynamic testing in which a high signal reproduction fidelity is considered as a distinguishing feature of the system. However, a precise control of the platform motions to ensure desired accelerations is still a challenging target because of the interference of the different mechanical, hydraulic and electronic parts as well as the test specimen particularly their strong inherent nonlinearities. This study addresses the improvement of acceleration signal matching on a shaking table using an additional online controller based on a recurrent neural network algorithm. The latter is developed to provide an additional correction to the command signal produced by the actual shaking table control system, in order to reduce the signal distortion between the reproduced signal and the desired one. The shaking table is simulated by its transfer function implemented in Matlab/Simulink, including a PID online controller. The training of the Neural Network is performed offline. The response of the transfer function of the system acceleration is used as input to the NN. The desired signal in acceleration represents the NN target. After training, the NN is implemented in Matlab/Simulink model in order to provide an online correction to the output signal, in the same time as the PID. To evaluate the performance of the proposed control scheme i.e a PID-NN controller, a correlation coefficient R has been calculated between the target signal and the system output. Results show that the NN controller improves the signal matching in acceleration.


Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine secreting tumor which arises from adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal sites. Its clinical presentation is sustained or intermittent hypertension often with paroxysmal symptoms. Imaging studies and estimation of catecholamines and metanephrine in a 24 hours urine sample helps to arrive at definite diagnosis. Correct diagnosis is very important because resection of tumor dramatically reverses clinical symptoms. We present a case of adrenal pheochromocytoma in a 34-year-old female patient to highlight its rarity, clinical presentation and histopathological features.

Key words: Adrenal medulla, Catecholamine, Hypertension, Pheochromocytoma.


Image moments are weighted sums over pixel values in a given image and are used in object detection and localization. Raw image moments are derived directly from the image and are fundamental in deriving moment invariants quantities. The current general algorithm for raw image moments is computationally expensive and the number of multiplications needed scales with the number of pixels in the image. For an image of size (N,M), it has O(NM) multiplications. In this paper we outline an algorithm using the Discrete Radon Transformation for computing the raw image moments of a grayscale image. It reduces two dimensional moment calculations to linear combinations of one dimensional moment calculations. We show that the number of multiplications needed scales as O(N + M), making it faster then the most widely used algorithm of raw image moments.


I discuss some properties of the algebraic cluster model which is based on the introduction of a spectrum generating algebra for the relative motion of the clusters. Particular attention is paid to the permutation symmetry of identical clusters. As an example, it is shown how the method can be used to study α-cluster configurations in 12C and 16O with point group symmetries, D3h and Td, respectively.


An open issue for Semantic Question Answering Systems is bridging the so called lexical gap , referring to the fact that the vocabulary used by users in framing a question needs to be interpreted with respect to the logical vocabulary used in the data model of a given knowledge base or knowledge graph. Building on previous work to automatically induce ontology lexica from language corpora by using association rules to identify correspondences between lexical elements on the one hand and ontological vocabulary elements on the other, in this paper we propose LexExMachinaQA, a framework allowing us to evaluate the impact of automatically induced lexicalizations in terms of alleviating the lexical gap in QA systems. Our framework combines the LexEx-Machina approach (Ell et al., 2021) for lexicon induction with the QueGG system proposed by Benz et al. (Benz et al., 2020) that relies on grammars automatically generated from ontology lexica to parse questions into SPARQL. We show that automatically induced lexica yield a decent performance i.t.o. F 1 measure with respect to the QLAD-7 dataset, representing a 34% – 56% performance degradation with respect to a manually created lexicon. While these results show that the fully automatic creation of lexica for QA systems is not yet feasible, the method could certainly be used to bootstrap the creation of a lexicon in a semi-automatic manner, thus having the potential to significantly reduce the human effort involved.


Summary The gum ducts are induced in the wood of Azadirachta indica by mechanical injury. The initiation and widening of the ducts are lysi genous. The initiation of the duct takes place with the degeneration of the immediate cambial derivative near the site of injury. The initial shows higher succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities than the surrounding cells. The epithelial cells first become secretory and then enter into a phase of senescence and disintegration. Both Golgi bodies and ER ap pear to be involved in the secretion of the gum. The secreted substance accumulates between the plasmalemma and cell wall. The autolysing epithelial cells show many autophagic vesicles and darkening of cytoplasm preceding their de generation. The cell wall separation and degener ation progress through the middle lamella from the duct lumen or from the comers of the cells. Disorganised cytoplasm and remnants of cell wall material are observed in the duct lumen. the de velopment of traumatic gum ducts meagre. The present investigation deals with the initia tion and development of traumatic gum ducts in the wood of Azadirachta indica.


Objectives This study aims to examine the characteristics of experience with infants and toddlers that pre-service teachers met during the course of childcare practice and to examine the meaning of the experience. Based on this, we will provide basic data for pre-service teachers to be more efficient and valuable practice time.
Methods For this purpose, 13 pre-service teachers attending the early childhood education department wrote reflective journals based on their experiences after the early childhood education and analyzed them.
Results As a result, the experience with infants and young children that the pre-service teachers met in the nursery training showed characteristics such as difficulty to approach, confused me, and notice. The meaning of the experience with infants and young children, which can be seen in the process of forming the relationship with infants and young children, was revealed to reflect, feel close, and learn themselves in the process of forming a new relationship.
Conclusions The results of this study are expected to be used to understand the experience of pre-service teachers with infants and to find a more desirable 'teacher' method in the course of practice. Therefore, this study will give implications for childcare teacher education for pre-service teachers.


Current mobile networking technology is continuously progressing to support the demand of today's generation of Internet users who connect about with sophisticated mobile computers and digital wireless devices. Routing protocols needs to be modified in host mobility in order that packets will be sent and delivered in its right destination. In Mobile Internet protocol, the mobile node will be able to send and receive packet from its original Home IP address to its current location regardless of the location upon connection with Internet. Through this kind of connection, packet loss is inevitable during the handover process. To solve this, numerous studies on the handover process was studied in order to minimize packet loss during the handover process. In this paper, we suggest context aware based smart distributed packet (SDP) transmission mechanism using multi-access routing switching mechanism in wireless integrated networks. We will explain and discuss the scheme that supports a distributed fast handover effectively in mobile management protocol based context-awareness. New signaling messages, smart distributed packet update messages, advanced TFRC message and reverse PBUs, are defined and utilized to hasten the handover procedure.


Vacuoles function in endocytosis, storage and digestion of metabolites in eukaryotic cells. They are inherited by the daughter cells. However, the mechanisms of vacuole inheritance are poorly understood because the cells contain multiple vacuoles that behave randomly. Cyanidioschyzon merolae cell has a minimum set of organelles. The vacuoles were equally inherited by the daughter cells by binding to dividing mitochondria. The binding was mediated by VIG1. However, the role of the binding in the vacuoles inheritance was poorly understood. We examined it by inhibiting the binding cytochemically. The vacuoles, which were not bound to mitochondria, were not equally inherited by the daughter cells. As the results, vacuole-less daughter cells were generated. These results suggested that the binding contributed the equal inheritance of vacuoles and ensured the permanence of vacuoles in daughter cells.


Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine safe paths for screw placement on the posterior column of the acetabulum. Methods A total of 25 male hemipelvises were utilized in this study. These hemipelvises were sectioned, and formed cross-sections A, B, C, D, and E. The length of the screw and screw posterior column angle of the entry points at cross-sections B, C, and D were measured. Results On the margin of the acetabulum, lateral middle 1/4 point, midpoint, medial middle 1/4 point, and medial margin of the posterior column of each cross-section, the safe entry angle of inclination is 39, 57, 74, 90, and 106°, respectively, and the length of the screw is 35.5 mm, 33 mm, 32 mm, 31 mm, and 74 mm, respectively. Conclusion On the lateral 1/4 region, lateral middle 1/4 region, medial middle 1/4 region, and medial 1/4 region of the posterior column, the screw posterior column angle is 40 ~ 60°, 60 ~ 75°, 75 ~ 90°, and 90°~parallel to the quadrilateral plate, respectively, and the length of the screw is 30 mm.


Abstract The use of soil as a construction material has been very important in order to build defensive walls in coherence with the offensive methods. The need of digging moats brings to the military engineer lots of soil that can be used to construct walls. Well known are the wall and adobe techniques but less known are the fatigues and sod walls. Due to their fastness, economy, high availability of materials, and easy construction this two techniques were used to build walls and also by sappers to build trenches and close broken walls. Soil plus some woody plants or fodder, is able to form strong and durable walls that, thanks to its low compactness, could form the perfect volumes to absorb the cannonball impacts (even better than brick and stone walls). We will analyze these techniques and their solutions as described in treatises and some heritage examples. Keywords : Wall, soil, fatigues, sod. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2015.2015.1673


With the rapid development of network, all kinds of information systems bring convenience to enterprises at the same time, it also brings more and more hidden dangers to information security. Encryption technology is the core technology of network security technology, which plays an increasingly important role in protecting network information security. This paper analyses the current information encryption technology, expounds the advantages and disadvantages of encryption algorithm, and expounds the application scenario and development trend of encryption technology.


Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF) is an additive manufacturing process with which threedimensional, thermoplastic components can be produced layer by layer. Visual and geometrica l properties are a major criterion for characterizing the resulting component quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences on visual and geometrical properties of APF components depending on process parameters. Initially the focus was on the analysis of the shrinkage behavior of ABS-M30 (Stratasys). On the basis of the results and an existing procedure by the machine manufacturer, an optimized procedure for determining the scaling factors was developed to counteract the shrinkage. With this procedure a higher dimensio na l accuracy of the components can be achieved. In addition, it was investigated whether an adaption of the form factor based on a mathematical model depending on the component geometry makes sense. The results were transferred into manufacturing guidelines, which allow the user of the APF-technology to optimize process parameters more efficiently. Introduction The Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF) is a relatively new additive manufactur ing process with its official presentation in 2013. With this process it is possible to manufac ture three-dimensional components using standard granulates without the need of molding tools using the Freeformer machine system [1]. The unique technique of the material deposition in the APF process is opening a new field of possibilities and also new boundary conditions. E.g. the shrinkage behavior of components manufactured with the APF differs from other additive manufacturing processes. The aim of this research is the determination of parameter-dependent influencing factors on the manufacturing process and the resulting geometrical and visual component properties. This includes the investigation of the shrinkage behavior. An optimized methodology for the determination of the scaling factors for the shrinkage compensation is derived from the results. Last, a look is taken at the influence of the form factor on the visual properties of components based on their geometry. All investigations are carried out using ABS-M30 filament (Stratasys) which was shredded to allow the processing of the material in the APF process.


For future technology nodes with shrunken interconnect dimensions, a thorough texture analysis of the metal interconnects becomes increasingly important in order to optimize and to control the inlaid‐copper process. In comparison to plane metal layers deposited on wafers, the microstructure of the metal is more complicated in copper lines and vias which were produced using an inlaid process. Therefore, advanced texture‐measurement techniques like X‐ray microdiffraction, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and TEM combined with automated crystallography analysis (ACT) are needed to obtain the required microstructure information. These complementary methods are suitable to pick up local as well as integral information on the crystallographic orientation of the copper interconnects and liner materials. Potential and limits of the available techniques and the respective instrumentation are discussed in this paper. Examples of process‐monitoring capabilities and of development support, especially with reg...


The aim of this study was to compare measurements of body fat percentage (%BF) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with two other methods, skinfold thickness measurements (STM) and Body Mass Index (BMI), in healthy subjects. A total of thirty healthy male with age ranges 26 to 49 years were selected as a subject from Gwalior for this study. % BF was assessed by using BIA and was compared with that measured by skinfold thickness equation and body mass index. Predicted percentage body fat (%BF) was derived from bioelectrical impedance by Maltron BF 908 body composition analyzer, skinfold equation given by Durnin and Womersley and body mass index specific prediction formula given by Deurenberg, Weststrate and Seidell. One way ANOVA result showed significant difference of %BF among different weighing methods. In the total group, %BF (BIA) (9.40 ± 4.1%) was significantly different from %BF (SFT) (19.95 ± 5.9%) and %BF (BMI) (19.67 ± 4.3 %).Although %BF (BIA) was significantly correlated with %BF (SFT)(r=0.667,p<.003)and with %BF (BMI)(r=0.816,p<.01). BIAin compare to skinfold thickness equation,underestimated body fat percentage by 10.55 kg and with BMI, underestimated body fat percentage by 10.27 Kg(p<.000 both). Bodyfat measurements using BIA were significantly correlated with those using STM and BMI across a wide range of body fat levels in healthy adults. The results between BIA and other two methods were significantly different. BIA underestimated%BFto %BF assessed by SFT and BMI methods. However, the error associated with level of body fat is not negligible and requires further investigation.


The Evolutionary Computation has grown much in last few years. Inspired by biological evolution, this field is used to solve NP-hard optimization problems to come up with best solution. TSP is most popular and complex problem used to evaluate different algorithms. In this paper, we have conducted a comparative analysis between NSGA-II, NSGA-III, SPEA-2, MOEA/D and VEGA to find out which algorithm best suited for MOTSP problems. The results reveal that the MOEA/D performed better than other three algorithms in terms of more hypervolume, lower value of generational distance (GD), inverse generational distance (IGD) and adaptive epsilon. On the other hand, MOEA-D took more time than rest of the algorithms.


Microscopy plays a crucial role in hematology and diagnosis of infectious diseases worldwide. For malaria alone, more than 200 million slides are read by manual microscopists every year. High quality thin blood smears are essential for subsequent microscopy examinations including malaria microscopy, but are hard to make in field settings. Existing devices for assisting in making thin smears are available but are limited by cost or complexity for wider use. Here we present Inkwell, a portable mechanical device capable of making high quality thin blood smears in field settings. Inkwell is simple, low-cost, does not use electricity, and requires minimal training prior to use. By utilizing passive dissipative dynamics of a spiral spring coupled to an air dashpot with a tunable valve - we demonstrate a highly tunable mechanism for constant velocity smears at prescribed angle. Inkwell is capable of producing high quality blood smears of tunable cell density with more than 12 million individually distinguishable red blood cells on a single slide. The current design, which exploits precision manufacturing of a 17 cents plastic syringe and a spring, can be printed on a standard 3D printer with overall unit cost of less than a few dollars in large quantities. We further present usability tests to confirm performance over 10,000 unit cycle operations with no degradation in quality of the smear and demonstrate ease of use with minimal training. Inkwell enhances the broader toolbox of open innovations in diagnostics for providing high quality medical care in low and medium resource settings. Combined with rise of 3D printing, Inkwell presents an alternative to traditional centralized manufacturing and opens up distributed manufacturing of medical diagnostics in global context.


Abstract 1. A known proportion of colloid was added to dilute, dialyzed latex (rubber content 3.5 per cent) to determine the effect of colloids on the coagulation of latex. Various proportions of 0.2 N acids were added; the mixtures were then left for 24 hours. The relations between the state of coagulation of latex and the proportion of acid are shown graphically. 2. The coagulation curves of acetic, hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids show that latex is coagulated by a definite quantity of acid, above which proportion the coagulation disappears and then reappears by further addition of acid. The first coagulation is apparently governed by the p H value of the dispersed medium, and the charge on the surface of the rubber particles is opposite to that of rubber dispersed in an alkaline medium. The second coagulation is governed by the concentration of cations. 3. Gum arabic, casein, saponin, gum tragacanth, glue, "funori," or hemoglobin were added to latex and coagulation obtained by the addition of ...


PURPOSE: A display device, an upgrading device, a display system and a control method thereof are provided to apply environment setting information stored in the upgrading device to each of the display device and use the applied environment setting information in the display device. CONSTITUTION: An upgrading device determines whether environment setting information is in the upgrading device or not when a second display device is connected (S210). The upgrading device displays a UI image when the environment setting information of the upgrading device and the second display device are different (S220,S230). The upgrading device performs upgrading based on the selected environment setting information when one environment setting information is selected (S240,S250). [Reference numerals] (AA) Start; (BB,CC) End; (S200) Connect an upgrading device and a second display device; (S210) Is there environment setting information in the upgrading device?; (S220) Is the environment setting information of the upgrading device and the second display device different?; (S230) Display an UI image; (S240) Select the environment setting information through the UI image?; (S250) Upgrade based on the selected environment setting information; (S260) Upgrade based on the environment setting information of the second display device; (S270) Upgrade based on the environment setting information of the upgrading device


Solar-C is a mission designed to answer some of the most important questions in solar physics. Recent progress from missions like Hinode has revealed that the different parts of the solar atmosphere are coupled in fundamental ways and has defined the spatial scales and temperature regimes that need to be observed in order to achieve a comprehensive physical understanding of this coupling. Solar-C will deploy a carefully coordinated suite of three complementary instruments: the Solar Ultra-violet Visible and IR Telescope (SUVIT), the high-throughput EUV Spectroscopic Telescope (EUVST), and an X-ray Imaging Telescope (XIT). The science of Solar-C will greatly advance our understanding of the Sun, of basic physical processes operating throughout the universe, and of how the Sun influences the Earth and other planets in our solar system.


A 3D simulating model for calculating casing in fracturing wells is established based on the casing force-summing analysis. The laws of casing stress changes caused by inner casing pressure changes are calculated by simulation. According to the calculation the factors of fracturing influencing on casing failure are analyzed. It is considered that the casing failure is the result of combined action caused by many factors. Through analyzing the data of casing failure wells, the causes of casing failure in the fracturing wells are compared analytically, by which theoretical bases are provided for preventing casing failure under special operation condition.


The form of a standard contract is much applied in the practice of a bank credit agreement. It is aimed at ensuring loan credited by a debtor. Thus, this loan is essentially fund belonging to customers. Consequently, a bank, on the one hand, is obliged to pay attention to the debtor's vested interest. As a result, the aspect of a balance in an agreement is met if the debtor's vested interestis included in the agreement.


This paper describes the status quo of knowledge transfer activities in the fields of Humanities and Social Sciences in China's higher education institutions.A variety of mechanisms and forms of knowledge transfer are illustrated by drawing on international survey results.Taking think tank as a form of knowledge transfer,the paper further discusses the characteristics of university-affiliated think tanks and their development in China and abroad.Suggestions are raised for fostering quality think tanks in China's academic institutions.