In this talk I will discuss the dynamical properties of a continuoustime dynamic model of a fully connected network of N nonlinear elements interacting via random asymmetric couplings. In the thermodynamic limit the dynamical behavior of the model is described by a selfconsistent dynamic meanfield theory, which predicts a transition from a stationary to a chaotic state at the critical value of the gain parameter. Both the autocorrelation function and the maximal Lyapunov exponent can be calculated. Brent Doiron University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA firstname.lastname@example.com The structure of correlated variability in balanced cortical circuits Abstract Shared neural variability is ubiquitous in cortical populations. While this variability is presumed to arise from overlapping synaptic input, its precise relationship to local circuit architecture remains unclear. We combine computational models and in vivo recordings to study the relationship between the spatial structure of connectivity and correlated variability in neural circuits. Extending the theory of networks with balanced excitation and inhibition we find that spatially localized lateral projections promote weakly correlated spiking, but broader lateral projections produce a distinctive spatial correlation structure: Nearby neuron pairs are positively correlated and pairs at intermediate distances are negatively correlated. Moreover, the average correlation between pairs sampled at all distances is approximately zero. This spatial correlation structure is revealed in a new analysis of recordings from superficial layers of macaque primaryShared neural variability is ubiquitous in cortical populations. While this variability is presumed to arise from overlapping synaptic input, its precise relationship to local circuit architecture remains unclear. We combine computational models and in vivo recordings to study the relationship between the spatial structure of connectivity and correlated variability in neural circuits. Extending the theory of networks with balanced excitation and inhibition we find that spatially localized lateral projections promote weakly correlated spiking, but broader lateral projections produce a distinctive spatial correlation structure: Nearby neuron pairs are positively correlated and pairs at intermediate distances are negatively correlated. Moreover, the average correlation between pairs sampled at all distances is approximately zero. This spatial correlation structure is revealed in a new analysis of recordings from superficial layers of macaque primary visual cortex. Our study provides a much needed link between local circuit architecture and the structure of shared variability in cortex. Bard Ermentrout Math, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA firstname.lastname@example.com The spatial geometry of up and down states


A method was developed for assessment of speed (V) and stroke distance (SD) at various stroke rates (R) during aquatic locomotion. The method is based on the equation Fd = k V2, which describes dependence of hydrodynamic drag force Fd on V in water. Equality of the effective mechanical work per stroke (EWS) at various stroke rates was taken as a criterion for assessment. Two equations were developed for calculation of "model" speed Vm = V0 (R1/R0)1/3 and SDm = SD0 (R0/R1)2/3. This method was verified using the data of biomechanical measurements in rowing, when mechanical work per stroke was measured directly. A high correlation was found (r=0.81, p<0.001) between deviations of the actual V and SD values to "models" and deviations of EWS from average. The method can be used in step-test and race analysis in swimming, rowing and canoeing.


Irbesartan is an anti-hypertensive BCS class II drug exhibiting poor aqueous
solubility, which makes it highly challenging for delivery through the oral route. Based on this fact, a
self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was designed and characterized for augmenting
the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of irbesartan.

Several blends of oil (Capmul MCM EP), surfactant (Tween 80) and co-surfactant (PEG 600)
were screened from the preliminary solubility and pseudo-ternary phase diagram studies. Systematic optimization
of the SMEDDS was carried out using 3-factor 3-level Box-Behnken design.

The optimized formulation was identified by numerical optimization technique, which revealed
faster emulsification time, high percent transmittance and drug content, lower globule size < 100 nm,
zeta potential and excellent thermodynamic stability. The optimal formulation unveiled more than
93.3% drug release in vitro within 60 minutes, while the pure drug exhibited only 20% drug release, respectively.

Ex vivo permeability and in situ intestinal absorption of drugs was improved nearly 2 to 3-
fold by the optimal SMEDDS formulation against the pure drug alone (p < 0.001). Overall, the proposed
SMEDDS formulation of irbesartan exhibited a superior biopharmaceutical performance.


In 3GPP Rel-13, a narrowband system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), has been introduced to provide low-cost, low-power, wide-area cellular connectivity for the Internet of Things. Further enhancements have been made to this system in subsequent 3GPP releases. In this paper, we describe Rel-14 enhancements that have been standardized for NB-IoT. They include positioning support, multicast support, higher data rates, and non-anchor carrier enhancements. In addition, we summarize upcoming Rel-15 enhancements and expected improvement. Representative performance results are also provided to illustrate potential improvements from the enhancements.


Based on the finite-volume ocean numerical model FVCOM,the tide and current of M2 sub-tide in Bohai and Yellow Sea is simulated numerically.It can fit well with the winding shoreline and improve the grid resolution in the coastal waters by using irregular triangle meshes for the model in the horizontal direction;take the numerical model assimilation result as the bottom friction,reflects the seabed friction condition more closely;simulate the tide and tidal current inshore well by using the wet/dry treatment technique.Through the comparison of the measured values with the calculated ones of the tidal harmonic constants of M2 sub-tide in 19 tide stations,the average error of amplitude is 5.6 cm,and that of phase is 6.1.The calculated co-amplitude and co-phase chart and the distribution of tidal current ellipse are basically consistent with those in the previous studies,on the whole reflects the tide and trend features in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea.However,the vertical distribution of the tidal current ellipse presents a rather special situation,the quantity and direction of the maximum velocity vary complex with the depth.


s of Articles English Harmonics in a Synchronous Generator Supplying a Single-Phase Load byR. D. SLA TER andW. S. WOOD Department ofElectrical Engineering, theUniversity ofStrathclyde, 'Glasgow, Scotland Sets of simultaneous equations for the harmonic currents are derived from the basic machine equations. The physical significance of the equations is discussed and the method is applied to illustrate examples. laboratory Demonstration ofthe Autodyne Principle byR. W. WHITEHEAD School ofElectrical andElectronic Engineering University ofBradford, England Some years ago Professor Benedikt developed a rather novel a.c./d.c. convertor which he called the Autodyne, but although the machine has been used in the U.S.S.R., it has found little or no application in this country. Basically the Autodyne provides a controlled d.c, output voltage from + Vmax to Vm•• and it may be considered simply as a rotary convertor with extra feedback windings to provoke a controlled shift of the m.m.f, axes relative to the fixed brushes. Ifextra windings are added it can be made self driving (section I) and power factor correcting, when the operation is effectively that ofa shunt commutator motor and self excited synchronous capacitor respectively. To illustrate these different modes of operation practically a Mawdsley Students' Demonstration Set may be used. Mac Boolex: A Teaching Instrument for Switching Theory byI. ALEKSANDER TheElectronics Laboratories, University ofKentatCanterbury, England andR. W.STANTON Queen Mary College, University ofLondon A laboratory tuition machine is described on which a student can synthesize any logic function of up to six variables. The student-machine interface is a mechanized Karnaugh Map. There is provision for applying feedback for up to three variables which enables students to study synchronous and asynchronous sequential behaviour for machines with up to eight states. Seven typical experiments are described and circuit details are given. Measurement of the Leakage Reactance of Small Mains Frequency Synchronous Machines byO. E. MAINER TheOld Orchard, Littleworth, NearFaringdon, Berks, England The article reviews the various methods of measuring the leakage reactance of small mains frequency synchronous machines and is illustrated by experimental data obtained in the laboratories of the Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham,


OBJECTIVE To get a brief knowledge of the effectiveness and satisfaction of the counterpart assistance during 2010—2012,providing a basis for the further work. METHOD Statistical analysis was conducted through data collected by questionnaire sur-vey. RESULT During 2010—2012,107 doctors in this 3A level hospital were selected to participate in this project,assisting 6 hos-pitals in 4 provinces,and 92 doctors from those hospitals were received in the 3A level hospital for advanced study. More than 99%of the stuffs in the assisted hospital were satisfied with doctors in the hospital,while more than 95% of the doctors selected in thishospital were satisfied with the project. More than 95% of the doctors studying in this hospital were satisfied with the opportunity forprofessional development. CONCLUSION The counterpart assistance project in this hospital during 2010—2012 had great effective-ness,high satisfaction and strong necessity. To guarantee the persistence and validity of the project,further work should be speci-fied and optimized in more respects.


Information security attacks usually exploit the weakest link in the chain — in many cases the end user at the workplace. While major advances have been made in understanding and explaining information security behavior, little is known about how such behavior is acquired in the first place. This research approaches the phenomenon through the lens of social learning theory. We argue that the behavior of a new employee is initially learned through differential associations within the social network rather than via knowledge of formal policies and related sanctions. Moreover, we suggest that this changes over time. Reinforcements through sanctions become more important at the maintenance stage, while imitation of others becomes less relevant.


Abstract This article explores the relationship between sexual science (sexology) and art. It focuses on the Berlin-based physician, Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935), one of its leading proponents, whose complex use of reproductions and references to art historical sources, warrant attention. It examines the role of art in Hirschfeld's clinical questionnaires, the psychosexual artworks of his patients, as well as considering how his engagement with art related to the work of contemporaries, Sigmund Freud, Hans Prinzhorn, and Aby Warburg. It argues that Hirschfeld's use of art challenged not only the parameters of science in Germany, but also the positions of power and subjection in histories of sexuality.


This paper investigated the root cause of component fell-off from hand-held products after drop test. Failure modes are cracks at solder joints. Microstructure and fracture morphology of ENIG pad and solder joint were investigated through optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The solder alloy used for assembly is SAC305 (SnAg3.0Cu0.5). The inter-metallic compound (IMC) at both PCB and component pads of the failed component is characterized through cross-section analysis. Through appearance observation on the failed components, fracture interface was smooth and appeared black and grey colour. Moreover, fracture contained high phosphors concentration (16–24 wt. %) and the flux residue covered on fracture surface. Compared with survived components, the failed samples show a thicker P-rich layer. Several obvious V-sharp spiked into Ni layer and some of them almost penetrated into 50% of the Ni layer thickness. Based on the results of drop test, appearance observation, composition analysis, and cross-section analysis, we concluded that the root cause of this failure maybe related to the black pad issue.


An analytical model for symmetry double gate MOSFET devices near and below threshold is described. The model is based on Poissons equation with an assumption of constant voltage in vertical silicon layer. We discuss the influence of some parameters and then get the I ds V g characteristics.


Plasma 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa (5‐S‐CD) concentrations measured in healthy volunteers in Edinburgh, Scotland (latitude 56 N) showed only minor changes during the day. However, when measurements were performed over a 12‐month period a significant rise in 5‐S‐CD concentration was found. Skin pigmentation and hair colour were not related to plasma 5‐S‐CD levels. Patients with psoriasis treated with ultraviolet‐B or photochemotherapy (PUVA) developed an almost two fold increase in their plasma 5‐S‐CD level within the first five treatments, before pigmentation developed, subsequent increments of up to four times the pretreatment level being found in the PUVA group. Dithranol treatment caused an increase in plasma 5‐S‐CD in some psoriatic patients, suggesting a possible association between skin erythema and elevated 5‐S‐CD levels. The value of plasma 5‐S‐CD in the follow‐up of patients with malignant melanoma does not seem to be invalidated by unavoidable exposure of the subjects to sunlight in a temperate climate such as that of South East Scotland.


Purpose To investigate real time-three dimensional speckle tracking imaging(RT-3DSTI) in detecting left ventricular systolic and diastolic function delayed recovery in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) treated by emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Materials and Methods Forty-three patients with AMI received emergency PCI within 24 h after symptom onset. Ultrasound was carried out at 2 h, 30 min before PCI and 30 min, 2 h, 12 h, and 48 h after PCI. Left ventricular enddiastolic volume(LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV), left ventricular diastolic diameter(LVDD), left ventricular systolic diameter(LVDS), the regional longitudinal peak strain(LSpeak), radial peak strain(RSpeak), circumferential peak strain(CSpeak), area peak strain(ASpeak) of the ischemic segments and nonischemic segments were detected by RT-3DSTI. The longitudinal strain of aortic(A) and the first one-third of diastole ration(B) were also measured to calculate the strain imaging diastolic index(SI-DI). Results LSpeak, RSpeak, CSpeak, ASpeak and SI-DI of ischemic segments significantly decreased at 2 h and 30 min before PCI. RSpeak, CSpeak of ischemic segments recovered 30 min later after PCI. LSpeak, ASpeak, SI-DI gradually increased but did not recover 48 h later after PCI. LSpeak, RSpeak, CSpeak, ASpeak and SI-DI of nonischemic segments recovered 30 min after PCI. LSpeak, RSpeak, CSpeak, ASpeak and SI-DI of ischemic segments were lower than those of nonischemic segments at 2 h, 30 min before PCI and 30 min, 2 h after PCI(P0.01); RSpeak and CSpeak showed no statistical difference at 12 h and 48 h after PCI between ischemic and nonischemic segments(P0.05), but LSpeak, ASpeak and SI-DI of ischemic segments were still lower than nonischemic segments(P0.05). Conclusion Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function of patients with AMI would delayed recovery after emergency PCI.


The performance of glaciohydrological models which simulate catchment response to climate variability depends to a large degree on the data used to force the models. The forcing data become increasingly important in high-elevation, glacierized catchments where the interplay between extreme topography, climate, and the cryosphere is complex. It is challenging to generate a reliable forcing data set that captures this spatial heterogeneity. In this paper, we analyze the results of a 1 year field campaign focusing on air temperature and precipitation observations in the Langtang valley in the Nepalese Himalayas. We use the observed time series to characterize both temperature lapse rates (LRs) and precipitation gradients (PGs). We study their spatial and temporal variability, and we attempt to identify possible controlling factors. We show that very clear LRs exist in the valley and that there are strong seasonal differences related to the water vapor content in the atmosphere. Results also show that the LRs are generally shallower than the commonly used environmental lapse rates. The analysis of the precipitation observations reveals that there is great variability in precipitation over short horizontal distances. A uniform valley wide PG cannot be established, and several scale-dependent mechanisms may explain our observations. We complete our analysis by showing the impact of the observed LRs and PGs on the outputs of the TOPKAPI-ETH glaciohydrological model. We conclude that LRs and PGs have a very large impact on the water balance composition and that short-term monitoring campaigns have the potential to improve model quality considerably. Calibrating above and below snow line precipitation as inputs to mountain hydrology models Page 11 Title Unraveling the hydrology of a Himalayan watershed through integration of high resolution insitu data and remote sensing with an advanced simulation model Journal Advances in Water Resources (February 2015) Authors Ragettli, S., Pellicciotti, F., Immerzeel, W. W., Miles, E.S., Petersen, L., Heynen, M., Shea, J. M., Stumm, D., Joshi, S., Shrestha, A.B.


This report provides an atlas of air/ground and air/air basic transmission loss predictions made with the IF-77 (ITS-FAA-1977) propagation model. Sets of predictions are provided for each of six frequencies; i.e., 0.125, 0.3, 1.2, 5.1, 9.4, and 15.5 GHz. Each set contains curves for 90 antenna height combinations where one antenna height varies from 3 to 30,000 m, and the other varies from 300 to 30,000 m. Each height combination is repeated for three time availabilities: 0.05, 0.5, and 0.95. Hence, 1620 transmission loss versus distance curves are provided. The maximum d1stance used iS 1800 km. Propagation factors and application considerations are discussed. Example problems are used to illustrate the various application methods provided.


This collection of 27 unpublished articles by Shamsiddin Solehov, professor at the "Rūdakī" Institute of Languages and Literatures (Academy of Science of Tajikistan) in Dushanbe are organized chronologically. Most of them are devoted to 20th century Soviet Tajik literature (Section I: p. 3-150); but a second section (p. 151-238) concentrates on post-Soviet Tajik poetry and prose since the 1990s. The works of Sadriddin Aynī (1878-1954), the author commonly regarded as the founder of modern Taj...


Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the antibacterial activity of extract from mangosteen pericarp against Streptococcus mutans, bacteria associated with dental plaque formation and caries development. Materials and methods Bacterial strains used in this study were S. mutans ATCC 25175 and KPSK2. Antibacterial activity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The rates at which bacteria were killed were also determined by exposure to the extract at 2x and 4x MBC for varying time periods. Results The extract was effective against both strains of S. mutans. The MIC and MBC for the strain ATCC 25175 were both equal to 0.625 μg/ml. The respective values for the strain KPSK2 were 0.625 and 1.25 μg/ml. The MIC and MBC were comparable to those of chlorhexidine, an antiseptic commonly used in dental plaque control. Time-kill assays for the strain ATCC 25175 showed that treatment with the extract at 2x MBC caused a significant decrease in viable count (log10 colony forming units/ml) of almost one order of magnitude after 90 minutes. When the extract concentration was increased to 4x MBC, the viable bacterial count was reduced by almost two orders of magnitude in 60 minutes, and was further decreased to an undetectable level in 90 minutes. Conclusion Mangosteen pericarp extract possessed strong antibacterial activity against S. mutans. These results suggest that the extract may be developed as a new agent for dental plaque control and caries prevention. (CU Dent J. 2007;30:1-10) Key words: antibacterial; dental caries; mangosteen; Streptococcus mutans


Many world cities retain their unique industrial status. Such a feature of the economy of an industrial metropolis imposes additional requirements on the development of the forecast of spatial distribution of workplaces. The article highlights the contradic- tions of the long-term development of an industrial megalopolis, which become scenic forks, when forecasted. These include optimization of the industrial and trade-service sectors of the economy, the ratio of inertial and innovative development vectors, vari-ability of migration flows and the choice of the agglomeration model type. The article is devoted to the problem of forecasting the development of a large metropolis, where the industrial sector plays a significant role in the economy. At the methodological level, the article justifies principles of spatial development of an industrial metropolis. The article describes forecasting tools for spatial location of workplaces, based on a combination of several models. The study was performed through the example of Ekaterinburg – the industrial capital of Russia; the metropolis scenarios were justified until 2035; the forecast of spatial distribution was calculated through the example of the two sectors competing for investments – industrial and trade-service. The authors substantiate spatial distribution of workplaces taking into account the projected number of people employed, the number of population of working age and distinguishing features of transport behavior of citizens. The paper demonstrates that the number of large industrial enterprises in a historically industrial center and its first zone decreases, and the modern industry in the form of small and medium-sized businesses located in industrial parks commence gradually forming a circuit with nodes on transport routes towards the largest consumer territories. people employed in the industrial sphere amounts to approximately 20% of all economically active inhabitants. The future of any industrial city with a million-strong population in the horizon of 5-10 years is predetermined by the ideas of formation of a comfortable ergonomic space. It aims to create a quality urban environment that is not inferior to the highest global standards. In fact, we are talking about the design of a "post-industrial city" with advanced economy, service infrastructure, modern commerce, entertainment and public leisure. On a broader planning horizon of 10-20 years, the result of this in fact "catching-up" city development is rather predict-able and as a matter of principle realistic. However, this result would lack the core value, which only makes a difference in the long-term


This is a report of an investigation into the extent to which the activity of carbonic anhydrase may be conditioned by factors known to influence carbamate formation. The factors examined were temperature, carbon dioxide pressure, available concentration of substances capable of uniting with carbon dioxide to form carbamates, degree of interference by formaldehyde and zinc, and degree of interference by stable carbamate and sulfamate groupings.


The 3-D simulation on the forming process and the springback of LDH (Limiting Dome Height) test is conducted with the dynamic explicit finite element analysis code LSDYNA3D. By comparing the calculated results, which are obtained in several different conditions, the paper digitized the relationship between the critical factors and the springback. The factors include the blank holder pressure, the material of the sheets and the displacement of the punch. The paper analyses the energy and the stress in the sheet, before and after the punch lift off.


This study aims to assess the financial performance of PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk in the 2014-2018 period used Economic Value Added Analysis. Data analysis methods used in this research are Net Operating Profit After Tax, Invested Capital, Weighted Average Cost of Capital, Weighted Capital Cost, and Economic Value Added. The results of the study using Economic Value Added Analysis shows that Economic Value Added at PT. Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk during the past period experienced fluctuations in 2014 amounting to Rp70,191,382,851, an increase in 2015 of Rp 112,678,462,412 and decreased in 2016 amounting to Rp101,793.508,446, then decreased again in 2017 and 2018 amounting to Rp 99,383,770,798 and Rp 19,837,411,622. The value of EVA in EVA companies is > 0, which means that the company has created added value for the company even though each year the research experiences ups and downs of the EVA's value. Economic value added in this case the company in measuring economic profit has been fulfilled. Economic Value Added generated by companies can be considered healthy and positive value even though each year the research has fluctuated


Students are faced with the choice to continue their education to a higher level of work after completing their education, including engineering education students. However, the fact is that the students who have completed their education cannot determine the career planning direction. This phenomenon implies that students do not have career maturity, especially in entrepreneurship. Career maturity is influenced by several factors, including locus of control and self-concept. This study aims to describe the internal locus of control, self-concept, and career maturity, test the contribution of internal locus of control and selfconcept towards the career maturity of engineering education students in entrepreneurship. This study used multiple regression analysis. The research sample was 218 people consisting of students at private universities in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection was done by using inventory Locus of Control and Self Concept. The research findings show that: (1) on average, the description trust of internal locus of control is in the high category, (2) the self-concept is in a positive category, (3) career maturity is in the high category, (4) there is the contribution of locus of control internal to career maturity of 7.5% (R = 0.275, the significance of 0.000), (5) there is a contribution of self-concept to career maturity of 7.2% (R = 0.268, the significance of 0.000), and (6) there is a joint contribution of locus of internal control and self-concept of career maturity by 11% (R = 0.332, significance 0.000). Keywords— internal locus of control; self-concept; career maturity; engineering education.


Following suitable treatment, municipal wastewater can be used for agricultural irrigation; the potential benefit to the agricultural sector is especially significant in arid and semiarid regions, where fresh water is scarce. The analysis focuses on a region which consists of a principal (a wastewater "producer" (a city)), and two competitive agents (water users (two groups of farmers' associations)), who make decisions under conditions of asymmetric information. First, we develop an optimization model aimed at maximizing the principal's profits from conveying treated wastewater without damaging the farmers' reservation utilities or profits. The analysis determines the treated‐wastewater allocation, income transfers, and profit allocation among the three assumed economic entities. Contracts composed of transfer payment–wastewater combinations are studied in a mechanism design setting in which the city has incomplete information on the farmers' demand for treated wastewater. The theoretical analysis is applied to the situation in the Sharon region of Israel. The empirical results show that regional cooperation is profitable for all of the involved economic entities.


Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone synthesized primarily in the kidney in response to a decline in the oxygen content of arterial Large amounts are produced in response to hypoxia and other oxygen-deficiency states. The hormone promotes the proliferation and differentiation of medullary red cells, hemoglobin synthesis, and reticulocyte release from bone marrow. Mature, anucleated erythrocytes were thought to be insensitive to erythropoietin. However, when we examined ribose uptake in mature cells, an activity that is increased in immature cells by erythropoietin, it too was observed to increase in response to erythropoietin in a concentration-dependent manner.s This finding prompted us to study in more detail the interaction of erythropoietin with red cell membranes.6 We have studied the distribution of erythropoietin in blood between serum and the erythrocyte surface, the binding characteristics of erythropoietin to the erythrocyte membrane, and some properties of the membrane receptors for erythropoietin.


To create the lively and animated motion,a new method transferring motion from video character to virtual one was proposed.This method converts the video character's pose into skeleton states.The motion is transferred by synchronizing skeleton states and its time.The virtual character keeps the same pose with video characters at the same time.The deformation result of virtual character is generated using curve-skeleton deformation model.GPGPU technique is adopted to accelerate computing in the deformation.The method has been proved feasible and valid to simulate video motion using 2D virtual character and to decrease the stiff motion in character simulation.It can also be applied to cartoon-designing based on video and motion-transferring among homoplastic models.


After using CORTEX 3B respiratory metabolism telemeter to observe the respiratory and metabolic changes of the female university student after aerobic exercise. The results show: Long-term aerobic exercise enhance the quantity of organism to absorb the oxygen,the oxygen pulse and the lung ventilation efficiency; quake violentl,the change characteristic of oxygen pulse and the lung ventilation efficiency may affect the appraisal movement as Important indexes.


The purpose of the present study was to compare different modes of exercise in chronic modification of cardiovascular diseases risk factors.


Significance Partial damage of the primary visual cortex (V1), or damage to the white matter inputs to V1 (optic radiation), cause blindness in specific regions of the visual field. We use functional MRI to measure responses in individual patients with a localized, chronic V1 injury that resulted in blindness in a quarter of the visual field. The fMRI responses of patients and controls are generally similar, but in some patients differences from controls can be measured. Importantly, responses in spared early visual cortex are not always congruent with visual perception. Understanding how the properties of early visual areas respond to injury will lead to better strategies for visual rehabilitation. Injury to the primary visual cortex (V1) typically leads to loss of conscious vision in the corresponding, homonymous region of the contralateral visual hemifield (scotoma). Several studies suggest that V1 is highly plastic after injury to the visual pathways, whereas others have called this conclusion into question. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure area V1 population receptive field (pRF) properties in five patients with partial or complete quadrantic visual field loss as a result of partial V1+ or optic radiation lesions. Comparisons were made with healthy controls deprived of visual stimulation in one quadrant ["artificial scotoma" (AS)]. We observed no large-scale changes in spared-V1 topography as the V1/V2 border remained stable, and pRF eccentricity versus cortical-distance plots were similar to those of controls. Interestingly, three observations suggest limited reorganization: (i) the distribution of pRF centers in spared-V1 was shifted slightly toward the scotoma border in 2 of 5 patients compared with AS controls; (ii) pRF size in spared-V1 was slightly increased in patients near the scotoma border; and (iii) pRF size in the contralesional hemisphere was slightly increased compared with AS controls. Importantly, pRF measurements yield information about the functional properties of spared-V1 cortex not provided by standard perimetry mapping. In three patients, spared-V1 pRF maps overlapped significantly with dense regions of the perimetric scotoma, suggesting that pRF analysis may help identify visual field locations amenable to rehabilitation. Conversely, in the remaining two patients, spared-V1 pRF maps failed to cover sighted locations in the perimetric map, indicating the existence of V1-bypassing pathways able to mediate useful vision.


Microwave-assisted allylic oxidation at C-13 position of 14-deoxysinenxan A wasdescribed. This new method (150℃/10 mir/5 bar on microwave synthesizer) led to a better yieldof compound 1 and shorter reaction time.


Quality of asphalt mix (HMA) is a key factor that affects the performance of flexible pavements. Use of poor quality mix and then dealing with the outcome through pavement performance evaluation is often too costly. One remedy is to evaluate the quality of the mix at the design stage of a project. In recent years, performance-based testing has gained popularity so that problematic mixes can be identified and eliminated. Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) has been successfully used in recent years for evaluation of permanent deformation or rutting in both hot and cold mix asphalt specimens. However, testing of asphalt mixes in the APA is often expensive and time consuming. Also, a small-scale model with only 1 layer of asphalt is usually tested in APA while a typical pavement cross section is made up of several layers. In view of layered pavement systems encountered in practice, 3-D finite element models (FEM) can be used to relate the APA test results with the in-service performance of the pavement. The primary objectives of this study are to develop an FEM to simulate the lab testing of asphalt mixes in APA for rutting and to relate the test results to basic material properties. The APA tests results have been used to obtain the associated material parameters through simulation of the rut vs. loading cycle response. These material parameters can be used to simulate rutting in an actual pavement using a 3-D FEM. A visco-elasto-plastic model (creep model) has been used to represent the time-dependent characteristics of the asphalt mixture. Factors having significant effects on rutting potential of asphalt mixes have been identified. A commercially available FEM program, ABAQUS, is used in this study. FEM results show that the ABAQUS-based model can adequately account for cyclic loading and other factors and, as such, can be used effectively to evaluate the rutting potential of in-service pavement.


Data skipping has been a promising technique to reduce data access in query engines. By maintaining metadata for each block of tuples, a query may skip a block if the metadata indicates that the block does not contain relevant data. Obviously, the key factor is how to build effective metadata by extracting representative features of blocks. In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional index, Layered Bloom Filter Matrix (LBFM), which adopts a recursively layered framework, and represents the matrix as an ordered hierarchy of hashmap and bitmap to compress space consumption instead of space-consuming bit matrix. Additionally, LBFM supports dimension combination cutting, and optimal indexing strategy could be generated according to it, thus the space efficiency could be further improved. We demonstrate time complexity of LBFM, and theoretically prove that LBFM has lower space consumption than Bloom Filter Matrix algorithm. We proto- typed our index technique on Spark SQL. Our experiments on TPC-H and a real-world workload show that LBFM gains significant improvement in aspect of query response time over traditional methods.


Sport industry is playing more important role in the course of realizing the new development and striding-forward of sports,especially in the background of booming domestic demand.How to display the function of sport economy more effectively and make contribution to national economy and social development should be reflected.Through analyzing the economic features of sport products and services,the article discusses the necessity of promoting the development of sport industry in the situation of increasing domestic demand,and put forward the advice on promoting its sound and fast development.


This paper addresses the issue of trust/mistrust in relation to the discourses of educational storytelling. Poststructuralists have highlighted the power relationships embedded within these kinds of discourse. Their recommended attitude is one of suspicion. But the author insists that, like discursive forms of critical science, story genres can sometimes achieve critical significance. That is, stories addressing educational phenomena can promote emancipatory moments within readers and thereby earn their trust. Examples of such moments in the life of the author‐as‐reader are provided. The author suggests that the integrity of such trustworthy stories be honored by publication in education journals.


IN 1990, THE U.S. CENSUS REPORTED THAT 226,123 IRANIAN immigrants were living in the U.S., a growth of slightly under 100,000 in a tenyear period. These were individuals who either were born in Iran, or were of Iranian ancestry but born outside Iran in a country other than the U.S. The almost doubling of this population over a short period of time, combined with the group's variety of socioeconomic backgrounds, has created some of the most diverse ethnic geographies in the U.S. Traditionally, academic theories have focused on issues regarding chain migration, port of entry, the assimilation process, ethnic economy, and labor market participation to explain the geographic distribution of various ethnic groups and their shifts over time. These theories would suggest that since a significant number of Iranians anived in the U.S. after 1975 and that higher education was a major instigator of their initial distribution and settlement in the U.S., a faster rate of integration into American society and a diffused settlement pattern should have been the result. This expectation has not materialized, however, and Iranian immigrants have displayed a large geographic concentration in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and to a smaller degree in the greater Washington, D.C., and New York metropolitan areas. In this paper, I will argue that the settlement pattern of Iranian immigrants can be understood only within the larger context of their immigration pattern, which historically includes a mixture of three populations: students, their families, and the "exiles." These groups arrived in the U.S. over a relatively short period, with students forming the core of Iranian communities in most states. During the 1980s, the arrival of students' families and the "exiles" in the U.S. began to create a more visible presence of Iranian communities in the three areas mentioned earlier. In fact, while the 1970s were characterized by the arrival of a youthful immigrant population that resided primarily in areas where major universities were located,' by the 1980s and the early 1990s Iranians had assumed a faster rate of geographic concentration through family reunification, the search for economic opportunities, and the potential economic momentum generated by growing Iranian communities in a few specific places. The growth in "retired/not working" population among Iranians who arnived after 1980 points to the creation of a viable market for growing ethnic-based business activity and hence higher degrees of regional concentrations. Although Iranian businesses do not cater to Iranians alone, the publication since 1981 of the Iranian Yellow Pages in


21st century is an information society,innovative and flexible knowledge services must be developed to meet the training needs of community medical staff.Helping them develop skills and a high-level information literacy they need to fully participate in an information society.This could be addressed by formal and online training options,but we suggest that permanent knowledge librarians should be enabled to play an integral part in this training by bringing their skills directly into the workplace.To achieve and ensure an appropriate level of service to this group of staff,library and knowledge librarians will themselves need to have a highlevel of information literacy and to be active lifelong learners.A 'blended learning' approach,involving e-learning together with other methods,is identified as the most appropriate way for skills to be acquired.


The shortwave broadband MODIS albedo has higher uncertainties over snow-covered land and at large Solar Zenith Angle (SZA). We have documented a systematic negative bias for SZA>55-60° in Greenland. This study uses in situ data from the Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) to characterize and empirically correct the MODIS snow albedo (MCD43C) bias at large SZA and thereby remediate the implied bias in the surface energy budget. For observations made with SZAs between 55° and 75°, the mean differences (MODIS minus GC-Net) between the corrected MODIS albedo and GC-Net measurements are -0.02 and -0.03 at Saddle and Summit, respectively, compared to -0.05 and -0.08 between the original MODIS albedo and GC-Net measurements. The corrected MODIS snow albedos are larger than 0.8 and less than 0.87 over dry snow when SZA is larger than 55°, and reduce or eliminate artificially seasonal and meridional trends associated with MODIS retrievals at large SZA. The albedo correction's impact on the surface energy budget is least (-0.5 W/m) in June, and greatest(6.2 W/m) in September for the black-sky albedo (BSA). The mean annual absorbed solar radiation (ASR) reduction by the corrected MODIS albedo in Greenland from 2003 to 2005 is 3.0 and 4.5 W/m for BSA and white-sky albedo (WSA), respectively, about 7.8% and 11.2% of ASR based on the raw MODIS albedo. The ASR reduction by the corrected blue-sky (actual) albedo is between 3.0 and 4.5 W/m, enough to annually melt 28.5 to 40.2 cm snow water equivalent (SWE), or to sublimate 3.4 to 4.7 cm SWE. The snow surface ASR difference between the corrected MODIS BSA and the CERES albedo in March 2005 is only 0.73 W/m, much less than the difference (5.2 W/m) between the raw MODIS BSA albedo and CERES. These albedo adjustments exceed the likely direct anthropogenic radiative forcings experienced by Greenland due to greenhouse gases or aerosols. The proposed correction preserves most of the zonal structure of the raw MODIS albedo, and extends its usefulness as a cryospheric climate record in times, seasons, and regions of Greenland with large SZA.


In this paper, I will provide some information on four techniques that I use for deepening political engagement: 1) speakers, 2) research papers, 3) National Student Issues Convention, and 4) Internships.


That the results of medical and health research must be disseminated is one of the fundamental principles of biomedical ethics. Enshrined in the World Medical Association's 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, the requirement for publication of findings, whether positive or negative, aims to ensure that the risk accepted by participants in research studies is balanced by the benefit of knowing their data helped to advance scientific knowledge.


Using a circularly polarized basis, we derive the differential equations governing the copropagation of two waves of different frequencies and arbitrary initial amplitudes and polarizations in an isotropic Kerr medium, and we give exact analytical solutions for waves that are initially linearly polarized. In this latter case, the ellipticities and orientations of both polarization ellipses generally vary periodically as the waves propagate through the medium; when each wave is linearly polarized, the deviation of the orientation of its polarization ellipse from its initial value is either zero or close to its maximum value. Situations are identified in which this deviation is close to \ensuremath{\pi}/2, thus allowing one wave to switch the other on and off with the aid of a linear polarizer placed at the exist from the medium. All the results obtained are generalizable to copropagation in nonbirefringent optical fibers.


Doubly-salient variable reluctance machines present several interesting aspects, such as winding simplicity, no need of expensive permanent magnets, robustness etc. An innovative machine of such type, featuring a simple modular, multi- stack, axial-flux, homopolar magnetic structure, was recently proposed. This paper provides considerations about the features, design and manufacturing options for such machine, finally describing the first prototype realized.


The article considers the assessment of the ecological functions of the forest ecosystem in various variants of the mesorelief in combination with environmental factors. The influence of complex indicators on the dynamics of changes in ecosystem services located on the territory of the northern district of Moscow. The influence of complex indicators on the dynamics of changes in ecosystem services located on the territory of the northern district of Moscow. Ecological functions are evaluated such as, conditions of the stand of trees, percent projective ground cover, quantity and quality of wood litter which affects the formation of the litter. The index of similarity of the species composition of the forest stand is calculated in five sections of the transect and the index of species richness and diversity of biocenoses is estimated. It has been established that environmental indicator affect diversity of the urban forest depending on the location in the mesorelief. Keywords: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION, FOREST, URBAN FOREST, SPATIAL CHANGES, BIODIVERSITY INDICES, STAND CONDITION, BIODIVERSITY


Over the past half-century, the central dogma, in which DNA makes RNA makes protein, has dominated thinking in biology, with continuing refinements in understanding of DNA inheritance, gene expression, and macromolecular interactions. However, we have also witnessed the elucidation of epigenetic phenomena that violate conventional notions of inheritance. Protein-only inheritance involves the transmission of phenotypes by self-perpetuating changes in protein conformation. Proteins that constitute chromatin can also transmit heritable information, for example, via posttranslational modifications of histones.

Both the transmission of phenotypes via the formation of protein conformations and the inheritance of chromatin states involve self-perpetuating assemblies of proteins, and there is evidence for some common structural features and conceptual frameworks between them. To foster interactions between researchers in these two fields, the National Academy of Sciences convened an Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium entitled "Self-Perpetuating Structural States in Biology, Disease, and Genetics" in Washington, DC, on March 22–24, 2002. Participants described new phenomenology and provided insights into fundamental mechanisms of protein and chromatin inheritance. Perhaps most surprising to attendees was emerging evidence that these unconventional modes of inheritance may be common.

First described in studies of scrapie and other transmissible encephalopathies in mammals, prions were later shown to cause some classical phenotypes in yeast. In each case, an alternative protein conformation leads to formation of structures resembling amyloid fibers seen in human disease. How these are seeded has been elucidated by in vitro studies, leading to a satisfying picture of prion-like protein propagation. Other cases of prion inheritance have been discovered in genetic screens, which suggests that we are seeing only the tip of the iceberg. Indeed, it now appears that amyloid fiber formation is the default state for misfolded proteins, and fibrillar aggregates found in amyloidoses result from defects in the cellular machinery that prevents protein misfolding.

Excitement also pervades the chromatin field, with new insights into how nucleosomes specify and maintain distinct chromatin states. Remarkably, a single modification of a histone tail residue underlies the distinction between euchromatin and heterochromatin, and even maintenance of DNA methylation can depend on histone tail modification. From insights such as these, we have begun to realize that the relationship between chromatin conformation and gene expression might have a simple basis. Genetic and biochemical approaches have begun to elucidate how histone-modifying enzymes and nonhistone structural proteins regulate chromatin inheritance. Although these alternate mechanisms of inheritance have shaken our blind faith in the central dogma, they whet our appetite for further revolutionary insights.


llustrations xi Preface xv Part One The Successions of Visual Culture Chapter 1: Vision Has an Art History 3 Chapter 2: Vision and the Successions to Visual Culture 11 Part Two What Is Cultural about Vision? Chapter 3: What Is Formalism? 45 Chapter 4: The Stylistic Succession 75 Chapter 5: The Close Reading of Artifacts 120 Chapter 6: Successions of Pictoriality 150 Chapter 7: The Iconographic Succession 187 Chapter 8: Visuality and Pictoriality 230 Part Three: What Is Visual about Culture? Chapter 9: How Visual Culture Becomes Visible 277 Chapter 10: Visuality and the Cultural Succession 322 Notes 341 Index 375


Objective To evaluate the imaging diagnostic value of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.Materials and Methods Between 1995-2004, 3 patients were treated for anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery, which were examined with angiocardiography and echocardiography, CE-MRA was performed in 2 patients.Results The correct result of anomalous origin of left coronary from the pulmonary artery were displayed by angiocardiography (retrograde Coronary angiography in 2, selective right Coronary angiography in 1), correct diagnosis was made by echocardiography in 1, 2 case were misdiagnosed as right coronary artery and right ventricle fistula. Correct diagnosis was made by CE-MRA in 1, another case was not displayed by CE-MRA.Conclusion Angiocardiography is still the diagnostic standard, but CE-MRA and echocardiography are valuable noninvasive diagnostic methods.


INTRODUCTION Pinellia, arisaema, acorus, and typhonium are Chinese herbs that all come from the Araceae family; they are the only members of this family that are used extensively in the Chinese medical system. Arisaema is the representative genus; in Chinese, the Araceae are known as the "tiannanxing" family, or the arisaema family. The underground portions (a corm-like rhizome) of each of the herbs are the parts used in medicine.


A titanium molding product having improved mechanical performance by applying titanium hydride powder to powder metallurgy, and a manufacturing method of the same are provided. A manufacturing method of a molding product using powder metallurgy comprises: a step(S10) of mixing titanium hydride powder with a flowing agent to obtain a mixed powder comprising 95 to 99 volume parts of titanium hydride and 1 to 5 volume parts of the flowing agent; a step(S20) of pressurizing the mixed powder into a compression molding equipment at a pressure of 80 to 140 kg/cm^2 to form a molded body; and a step(S30) of heating the molded body from 300 deg.C in a heating rate of 1 deg.C/hr for 1 hour, heating the molded body from 600 deg.C in a heating rate of 1 deg.C/hr for 3 hours, and heating the molded body from 1250 deg.C in a heating rate of 5 deg.C/hr for 3 hours to sinter the molded body under the degree of vacuum containing an inert gas and having a pressure of 10^-3 to 10^-6 atmospheric pressure.


By examining the knowledge used in the conduct of practice, the knowledge required for practice can be shown to be completely reducible to science, ethics, and logic. Consequently, all notions of a practice theory in nursing are likely to represent some combination of these kinds of knowledge. As a result, no need for a practice theory exists.


This article goes beyond the space devoted to the performance and evolution of an economic journal (or publication), which can be quantified and demonstrated by statistical indicators (scientometric indicators, access and download statistical indicators, absolute or relative classical intensity and distributional indicators). Thus, the first two categories of indicators are listed and briefly exemplified, and the others, which belong to the classical type, are developed and analyzed in this original approach, the author remaining aware that there are many unquantified qualitative elements, such as editorial management and editorial decisions that can enhance the quality of the team and the editorial projects of an economic journal (or of economic journals). This is in fact the very major theme of the paper, which involves the adaptation of classical constructions of indicators to the innovative and dynamic universe of the economic literature published. The original approach of constructing classical statistical indicators in the field described in the title of the paper is underlied by methods of presenting the intensity of editorial effects, the correlation or association of some publishing tendencies, as well as analyzing a number of evolutions of the Kernel-type distributions in editorial databases, and, apparently last, the frequency statistical investigations. Some final remarks clarify the development prospects of these new areas of application of statistical methods.


With the Nation's coal-burning utilities facing the possibility of tighter controls on mercury pollutants, the U.S. Department of Energy is funding projects that could offer power plant operators better ways to reduce these emissions at much lower costs. Mercury is known to have toxic effects on the nervous system of humans and wildlife. Although it exists only in trace amounts in coal, mercury is released when coal burns and can accumulate on land and in water. In water, bacteria transform the metal into methylmercury, the most hazardous form of the metal. Methylmercury can collect in fish and marine mammals in concentrations hundreds of thousands times higher than the levels in surrounding waters. One of the goals of DOE is to develop technologies by 2005 that will be capable of cutting mercury emissions 50 to 70 percent at well under one-half of today's costs. ADA Environmental Solutions (ADA-ES) is managing a project to test mercury control technologies at full scale at four different power plants from 2000 – 2003. The ADA-ES project is focused on those power plants that are not equipped with wet flue gas desulfurization systems. ADA-ES has developed a portable system that will be tested at four different utility power plants. Each of the plants is equipped with either electrostatic precipitators or fabric filters to remove solid particles from the plant's flue gas. ADA-ES's technology will inject a dry sorbent, such as activated carbon, which removes the mercury and makes it more susceptible to capture by the particulate control devices. A fine water mist may be sprayed into the flue gas to cool its temperature to the range where the dry sorbent is most effective. PG&E National Energy Group is providing two test sites that fire bituminous coals and both are equipped with electrostatic precipitators and carbon/ash separation systems. Wisconsin Electric Power Company is providing a third test site that burns Powder River Basin (PRB) coal and has an electrostatic precipitator for particulate control. Alabama Power Company will host a fourth test at its Plant Gaston, which is equipped with a hot-side electrostatic precipitator and a downstream fabric filter. During the ninth reporting quarter, progress was made on the project in the following areas: PG&E NEG Salem Harbor Station • Long term testing and equipment decommissioning has been completed. • A web cast/conference call was held to review data. • Preliminary preparation and review of data and test results for the final report. Technology Transfer • A number of technical presentations and briefings were made during the quarter. Notable among them was a Program Status Report presented to NETL. Also, one paper was presented at Power-Gen and one at the Annual Coal Marketing Strategies Conference. DOE Report No. 41005R09


Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and its incidence among Caucasian populations has increased whereas mortality rates are stabilizing or decreasing. The total burden of melanoma is expected to be increasing.
As effective treatment options for advanced melanoma are lacking, melanoma prevention may be the key issue in melanoma disease control. Although sun protection programs have increased awareness, they have not resulted in a decreased melanoma incidence. In addition, most melanoma risk factors are not amenable. Alternative approaches such as cancer chemoprevention are, therefore, important research topics. Several agents, such as statins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, have been claimed to have chemopreventive properties. However, it is unknown which of these have the best potential to be useful.
This thesis presents:
- epidemiologic cancer registry-based studies from The Netherlands on the epidemiology of extracutaneous melanoma and on the burden of disease due to cutaneous melanoma
- a qualitative review discussing candidate drugs for melanoma chemoprevention, their possible mechanisms of action, and evidence for their chemopreventive efficacy, safety and tolerability
- pharmacoepidemiological studies testing hypotheses on chemopreventive activityof several drugs on melanoma
- pharmacoepidemiological studies on the association between estrogen use and melanoma.


The nitrite scavenging activity of ethanol extraction from Yacon tuber was measured by spectrometry with sulfanilic acid and naphthalene ethylene diamine hydrochloric acid as reagents.The effect of extraction time,extraction temperature,the amount of Yacon extraction,the ratio of Yacon and ethanol and reaction time on the nitrite scavenging ability of the extract were discussed.The obtained results showed that the extraction of Yacon tuber was unstable and exhibited good nitrite scavenging activity.The optimal experimental conditions were as follows: refluxing temperature was 70℃,extraction time was 10min and Yacon extract amount was 15mL.


An evaluation method for accuracy of cement packager was presented based on mathematical statistics.The accuracy standard of packager concerning standard deviation of bag weight mainly was established refering to the trade standard and national metrological verification,and the demand of some dominant cement packager manufacturers.This method could also be used to calculate other parameters concerned to the standard deviation of bag weight,such as the set value of filling ablity of packager,sum weight of 20 bags and so on.The formula of relative parameters were presented and verified in practice.


Since the early 2000s, a significant number of programs and policies have been developed and implemented to prevent and combat human trafficking. At the international, regional and national levels, government, and international, and nongovernment organizations have established plans of action, conducted training, developed policy tools, and conducted a variety of other activities to counter the phenomenon of trafficking in persons. However, only a small number of these anti–human trafficking interventions have been evaluated and an even fewer number have been evaluated rigorously. This article explores the approaches that have been used to evaluate anti–human trafficking interventions. Through a review of 49 evaluations, the study finds that action is required to increase quality evaluations of anti–human trafficking programs in order to ensure that programs are targeted, implemented, and delivered effectively, and the knowledge on the impact of programs is improved.


The article analyzes the weapon equipment aging status,and puts forward its cause of formation.And it sums up the system project and measures to deal with the problem of weapon equipment aging based on the angle of life-cycle and life-system management.


This paper examines methods to electrically tune quality factor (Q) and cubic softening nonlinearity of a mode-matched MEMS gyroscope. The gyroscope includes traditional drive-sense combs and dedicated shaped combs for cubic nonlinearity and frequency tuning. In addition to nonlinearity, Q can be tuned by understanding the nature of the losses. Interconnect resistances are added to the electromechanical resonator model to capture the electrical losses that depend on the applied DC proof mass potential.


This qualitative study examines the perceived impact that membership in Brother2Brother (B2B) peer groups had on African American male collegians in the Chicago area. Extant research indicates that membership in a peer group, such as a fraternity or study group, is positively associated with scholastic persistence and overall psychosocial development (Harper, 2006). This is particularly so for ethnic minority college students (Bonner, 2010; Carroll, 1988; Hake, Crow, & Dick, 2003; Harper, 2006; Harper, Byars, & Jelke, 2005; Harper & Harris, 2006; Kuh, Palmer, & Kish, 2003; Oyserman, Grant, & Angel, 1995). Understanding the college experiences that motivate students to achieve academic and personal goals is important, especially for African American males, whose college retention and completion rates are lower than those of other ethnic groups, and also lower than those of their female counterparts (Cuyjet, 2006). Journal of African American Males in Education Summer 2011Vol. 2 Issue 2


Beam break-up (BBU) instability is an important limitation to the beam current which can be accelerated in a superconducting linac. In particular recirculating machines and Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs) have to deal with that problem. Therefore, it is important to find strategies for increasing the threshold currents of these machines. At the recirculating superconducting accelerator S-DALINAC at the Technische Universität Darmstadt BBU was observed in different recirculation schemes. As expected the threshold current increased for a higher beam momentum. But also an improvement by mixing the transverse phase space advance with three skew quadrupole magnets was measured. Furthermore measurements in a new ERL scheme at the S-DALINAC are planned for the future. INTRODUCTION In recirculating linear accelerators transverse beam break-up BBU can be a crucial limitation of the maximum beam current [1,2]. Also Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL), as a special type of recirculating machines, have to deal with that limitation [3]. BBU occurs when electron bunches travelling through an accelerating cavity excite a higher order dipole mode (HOM) in it. These modes can have a large quality factor and thus a long lifetime in superconducting cavities. The electro-magnetic field of such a mode deflects the beam and then the bunches start to oscillate around the design orbit of a recirculation loop. When they re-enter the cavity with that offset the same HOM can be excited even more and thus the deflection becomes larger. As the excitation strength of the HOM also depends on the bunch charge the beam current is limited. The formula, taken and modified from [4], shows the maximum beam current for an ERL with one HOM and one recirculation:


We present a new technique for performing lithography with scanning probes that has several advantages over standard methods. This hybrid lithography system combines the key features of the atomic force microscope (AFM) and the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by incorporating two independent feedback loops, one to control current and one to control force. We demonstrate a minimum resolution of 41 nm and nanometer alignment capabilities. This lithography system is capable of writing continuous features over sample topography. Topography is often present in real patterning applications and poses problems for AFM and STM lithography. We report 100 nm resist features patterned over 180 nm of topography created by local oxidation of silicon. The hybrid AFM/STM system is designed as a robust scanning probe lithography tool, capable of high-speed patterning and suited for integrated circuit lithography applications.


An electric teaching device for small and medium schools consists of a multimedia teaching device and a main-control chamber; the main-control chamber consists of a network device, a broadcast device and a studio device; the multimedia teaching device is connected with the televisions in each classroom by a VGA cable and an audio wire; the network device consists of a Broad Band Router and a switch; the Broad Band Router is connected with the switch and is communicated with each classroom and office; the studio device is communicated to each classroom and office; the studio device is communicated to each classroom and office by the broadcast device; the electric teaching device for small and medium schools of the utility model has the advantages of: 1, complete function; 2, being convenient to be used and a teacher can apply a multimedia device at random according to the teaching requirement thereof; 3, reducing the construction cost.


In particular since the turn of the millennium, social scientists have identified anti-Muslim sentiment as a key feature of the European extreme-right. This article will discuss the history and validity of the term 'Islamophobia', and will probe into the development of the theme of 'Eurabia' in extreme-right wing ideology. The author will analyze the manner in which visions of a Muslim settlement and 'takeover' of Europe have the potential to create a cross-national reconfiguration of extreme-right ideology, a thematic shift, and a movement toward convergence between different sides of the ideological spectrum. The author argues that this ideology is not static, and that its potential new direction challenges significant assumptions of the current literature on the extreme-right.


As a photovoltaic material, InP is nearly ideal for a single junction solar cell in terms of its band gap and absorption coefficient. However, its widespread use is limited due to the expense of substrates and depositing monocrystalline material over large areas. As a route towards reducing the cost, there is interest in examining polycrystalline III-Vs, where film thicknesses ~1 μm could be employed, assuming a reflective back surface. This work examines one aspect towards delivering high efficiency polycrystalline InP-based solar cells by focusing on the use of low-cost, earth-abundant ZnO as the emitter layer. Due to surface Fermi-level pinning in InP, ZnO is an ideal choice for this purpose. We have studied the effects of using aluminum-doped zinc oxide, as well as thin i-ZnO interlayers, deposited onto p-type InP substrates. So far, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 7.3% has been realized, which is a record for this type of heterojunction cell structure. We further discuss the impact of the i-ZnO interlayer on enhancing short wavelength response in the cell.


Bramshill Park (93) should surely read 'per infortunium suae propriae culpae', which is not so contradictory as Mr. Welsby's version 'by misfortune and his own fault'. It cannot have been Abbot's Puritanism which attracted the favourable attention of Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst (17). The sympathies of that nobleman were all the other way. It is odd that a biographer of Lancelot Andrewes should refer to his patron as 'the Earl of Walsingham' (17). The order of the footnotes on p. 57 should be reversed.


Abstract Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancy in males aged 15–34. The transformation of GCTs into secondary somatic-type malignancies is rare, and the lack of clear treatment guidelines presents a clinical challenge for treating physicians, especially when chemosensitivities do not overlap. We present the case of a 15-year-old-male with a mixed nonseminomatous malignant GCT with an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma component, which made up 60% of the primary tumor. He was successfully treated with surgical resection and chemotherapy. We highlight our experience in diagnosing and treating this tumor, and through literature review, suggest treatment guidelines for treating a pediatric patient with similar tumor presentation.


Ayurvedic pharmaceutics is mainly divided into two parts – Rasashashtra and Bhaishajya k alpana in which Rasashastra deals with the preparation of medicines mainly with the help of Mercury, minerals, metals and other herbs. Standardization and quality control of Ayurvedic medicine is very much needed. The aim of the present research work was t o Study pharmaceutical aspect of preparation of Hinguliya Manikyarasa by textual method given in Rasatarangini and Modified methods used in this study, in which the duration of heating was reduced to 48 hours and 24 hours. For Pharmaceutical study the meth od used was the observations regarding time, temperature, cardinal stages, finished product and consumption of fuel and temperature range for Hinguliya Manikyarasa were studied. The Results obtained were, as the value of average temperature for Mrudu Agni, Madhyamagni and Tivragni goes on increasing from 72 h samples to 48 h samples and from 48 h samples to 24 h samples of Hinguliya Manikyarasa. The percentage of output of finished product was not affected even though Hinguliya Manikyarasa was prepared by r educing the duration of heating. The percentage of finished product was about 37 – 38 % of initial kajjali taken. All the samples of H.M. prepared by textual as well as modified methods also followed the criteria of standard regarding the organoleptic para meters.


46 Introduction 47 Materials and Methods 50 Results 61 Discussion 67 Tables and Figures 72 References 87 CHAPTER 3. YcgR, A C-DI-GMP RECEPTOR INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF MOTILITY, BIOFILM FORMATION AND THE TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM OF Dickeya dadantii 3937 95 Abstract 96 Introduction 97 Materials and Methods 99 Results 105 Discussion 109 Tables and Figures 112 References 122 CHAPTER 4. ROLE OF Hfq AND SMALL RNA IN THE


The concept of the critical path is widely adopted by project managers to identify those activities most worthy of their attention. When resource availability is limited, the critical path is determined not only by the technology relationships but also the resource dependencies. The method of calculating resource constrained float proposed by Bowers is carefully examined and modified in this paper. A new type oflink "precedence link" is proposed in this paper. By introducing the precedence links, the calculation oflatest start times of activities is easier than Bowers' method. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is able to identify the critical paths for the schedules of Patterson's 110 test projects.


Pattern search is on of the direct search methods which can be used to solve the optimization problem.It need only object function information,but it is sensitive to starting point.It can find the global optimal point for some starting point,but local optimal point for other starting point. A new method based on pattern search is proposed in the paper,and the experimental results proved that it can find the global optimal point.


The main objective of the experiment was determined suitable sunflower candidate genotypes. The experiment was conducted under Konya-Ilgin conditions in 2018 growing seasons in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experiment materials were the sunflower candidate genotypes which was developed by Associate Professor Rahim Ada and some sunflower varieties. The observations were made hull ratio (%), oil content (%), protein content (%). According to the results of the experiment, significant differences were found in all properties among the varieties and candidate genotypes statistically. The highest hull ratio was obtained from 4CMS X SARM 6, 4CMS X NP, Bosfora, 4CMS X SB ve 4CM X C75 as 28.57  %, 27.53  %, 27.35  %,26.84  %, 26.38  %  respectively. In addition to, the highest oil content was obtained from 4CMS X CO, 4CMS X C21, 4CM X C75 as  48.29 %, 47.65 %, 46.75 % respectively. Finally, the highest protein content has been obtained from 4CMS X YK-YRKKY with 20.84 %.  The increase in sunflower production will be possible by expanding plantation areas, increasing the yield per unit area and producing varieties with high yield. In addition to high yield, improvement of important quality properties is also comprised of the important yield components. The experiment results indicated that in terms of the important quality properties of 4CM X C75 was a promising candidate genotype for sunflower production in Turkey.


New energy industry means a lot to energy structure adjustment,ecological environment improvement,and development mode shift.From the view of its current situation the paper proposes suggestions for new energy industry in Hebei Province in the aspects of market environment,industry policy plan,and enterprises' development.


Perumala Hill station of Thrissur, which we selected for the study, is peculiar for its geographic isolation from nearby areas, and no other nearby hill stations are present. These grass hills are about 103 m. of maximum elevation and 25 acre area. It is protected by worshiping old temple. We got attracted to the place also because of its classic scenic beauty of grasslands. Firing the land is an annual custom they following for years. Although the dominant grass species of the land flourish there year after year. Many rare plants like Habenaria diphilla, Habenaria marginata, Exacum tetragonum, Ophioglossum etc are seen there. To get an awareness about the dominant species of this area, we conducted quadrate studies, calculated Shannon's and Simpson's indices. From the plant list derived from the data in the decreasing order of density, grasses are found to be the major plants of this area. Taxonomic analysis of 7 major grasses was conducted from this area. Among this, Heteropogan contortus found to be having most density among them. Seasonal and climatic variations are very common in the grass species. H. contortus also shows such variation in this area. Arundinella mesophylla an endemic species reported from South India. This plant also found in this small area. The awn movements of A. Mesophylla and Eulalia trispicata are found interesting. The flourishing of grass species in this area due to fire resistance. The fire escaping mechanisms of this dominant species are the submerged rhizome, well developed seed dispersal mechanism and seasonal reappearance etc.


Objiective Investigating the cause of air pollution in Zhengzhou city and suggesting the strategies to deal with it.Methods Assessing the air quality by converting into the Air Pollution Index the monitoring data from different regions of Zhengzhou Area in 2004.Results The air quality of residence zones,in Zhengzhou city,just reached the tertiary standard in GB3095-1996.In 2004,the primary source of air pollutants came from inhalational particles(PM10) in all monitoring sites except for Henan University of Medical Science in which site it is SO2.The Comprehensive Air Pollution Index of Henan University of Medical Science and the factory of cigarette,the representatives of residence zones,in Zhengzhou city,are higher than those of the factory of textile machinery and the monitoring station,the representatives of industrial areas.Conclusion The mixture of residence zones and industrial areas,and the unadvisable layout of industries are the main reasons for the air pollution.It is suggested to develop the ecology industry and the circling economy,and build up the planning of ecology city.


We review some exact solitonic solutions of string theory with higher-membrane structure. These include an axionic instanton solution of bosonic string theory as well as multi-instanton and multimonopole solutions of heterotic string theory. The heterotic solutions reveal some interesting aspects of string theory as a theory of quantum gravity.


Forty-eight senior citizens participated in a field study of the visibility of letters and symbols in pedestrian traffic signals. Subjects were asked to identify signal messages from distances of 18.3 m and 29.3 m, with signal voltage set at 100 percent, 75 percent, and 50 percent of full power. Incandescent, fiber-optic, and light-emitting diode commercially available pedestrian signals were tested, including 22.9-cm and 30.5-cm rectangular signal housings and two round red-amber-green signals with symbol masks. Each subject was asked to identify the signal's location in the test stimuli array, to name the signal's display configuration (Walk, Don't Walk, walking person, or hand), and to assess the signal's brightness on a five-point scale. Analyses also were conducted on the percentage of responses about "too bright" signals and subject uncertainty about the signal message. Testing was conducted only on bright sunny days but did not include the worst-case condition of direct sunlight on the signal face. The analysis of recognition, uncertainty, and "too bright" responses suggested that a signal intensity of 25 cd minimizes the frequency of both "too bright" and uncertain responses regardless of size, distance, or technology, or whether the message is symbol or text. The data further suggest that 22.9-cm incandescent signals provide sufficient visibility with less phantom effect than 30.5-cm signals.


Pentafluorophenylmercuric carboxylates, C6F5HgOCOR (R = CF3, CHF2, CH2F, or CH3), have been prepared by reaction of pentafluorobenzene with the appropriate mercuric carboxylate. The compounds are monomeric in toluene, and their infrared spectra suggest the presence of unidentate carboxylate groups. Mercuration of pentafluorobenzene with mercuric trifluoroacetate, followed by reaction of the crude product with sodium iodide in aqueous ethanol, gives a good yield of bispentafluorophenylmercury.


Abstract Geographic variation in cranial shape was examined in 20 samples of the echimyid rodent Thrichomys apereoides from northeastern, central, and southeastern Brazil. Canonical variate analysis and a dendrogram based on geometric shape descriptors revealed 2 groups of populations diagnosable by features of cranial shape and geographic continuity. The observed morphological discontinuity between the 2 groups of populations corresponds with a gap in sampling of T. apereoides, as represented by the museum series used. A positive, significant relationship between morphological and geographic distances was found among populations within each of the 2 groups but not between populations in the 2 groups. The indirect, statistical approach suggests that discontinuity in cranial shape in T. apereoides results from historical processes of differentiation rather than from an artifact caused by a gap in the available samples.


The design and 30-step synthesis of a transacylase partial mimic is described. The target catalyst combines a macrocyclic binding site, a hydroxymethyl group, and an imidazole group organized to act cooperatively through their attachment to a quaterphenyl support structure. The binding site is composed of three cyclic urea units in a tripod arrangement, rigidified by their incorporation into a macrocycle along with two anisyl and one m-xylyl spacer units. The binding and catalytic sites are complementary to amino acid ester salts. The host catalyst collects and orients through complexation the guest substrate to provide substantial rate enhancements for transacylation of amino ester salts. The free energies are reported for the host in CDCl3 binding the picrate salts of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+,Cs+, NH4+, CH3NH3+ and t-BuNH3+.


Courses: Health Campaigns, Health Communication, Communication Campaigns, Public Relations Campaigns, Persuasion. Objectives: Students will demonstrate their ability to work effectively both individually and in teams to apply health communication theory to emerging, practical, on-campus health issues via formative research, multimodal message development, community engagement, and effective presentation of findings.


The rapid utilization of fossil fuel has paved the way for the large amount of pollutants such as NOx and other harmful components. Pre-treatment of fuel and after-treatment of exhaust process becomes vital due to India's commitment towards BS VI emission norms by 2020. This paper is aimed to reduce the NOx emission in a stationary engine powered by cottonseed oil blend with antioxidant additive. The vanadium-based SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system is used in the exhaust system for the after-treatment of oxides of nitrogen. The load varied from 0% to full load for performance and emission analysis. The results show that the NOx emissions of the CI engine running on cotton seed oil blend with the catalytic convertor under urea injection is reduced by 88% at full load. Furthermore HC emission reduction is also noticed significantly with the after-treatment strategy being applied.


We employ three decades (1971-2000) of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to estimate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health in the United States by ethno-racial and income group. Specifically, we first estimate the influence of parental income on child height controlling for parental height and childhood illness; and then whether family SES (proxied by adult height) influences adult earnings controlling for adult educational attainment, health, and other human capital characteristics. Having estimated the proportion of height that is explained by parental SES, and adequately instrumented adult height to control for factors that may influence both adult height and earnings (e.g., childhood diet), we accomplish two things. First, we estimate whether a SES-height gradient exists in the United States. And second, we estimate the relative contributions of childhood environment, adult educational attainment, current health, and other human capital on adult earnings.


Loquat, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., is one of the most economically important fruit trees in China. During 2017, a field survey conducted in orchards of the Fuling District, Chongqing City, revealed the occurrence of fruit rot of mature fruit of E. japonica 'Dawuxing'. Water-soaked decay with a brown stripe around the lesion was present on symptomatic fruits. Tissues from symptomatic fruit (5 × 5 mm) were aseptically separated and surface disinfested in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 45 s, rinsed in sterile water, disinfested in 75% ethyl alcohol for 45 s, rinsed in sterile water twice for 30 s, placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 3 days. Tissues from 30 out of 32 affected fruits developed fungal colonies. Seven of them showed a white mycelium, moderately dense, becoming dark gray after 5 days. Pycnidia of strain YLLO2-1a were produced on the surface of PDA after 50 days under a photoperiod of 12 h at 25°C. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal, measuring (12.4 to) 15.8 (to 19.4) × (4.5 to) 6.7 (to 9.4) μm. Based on morphological characteristics, strain YLLO2-1a was tentatively identified as Neofusicoccum sp. (Crous et al. 2006; Palavouzis et al. 2015; Slippers et al. 2004). Further species identification was performed by polymerase chain reaction and BLAST sequencing analyses of the partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region, β-tubulin (BT), and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) genes. Sequences of strain YLLO2-1a have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MH393618 (ITS region), MH393617 (BT gene), and MH824423 (EF-1α gene). BLAST searches of those sequences in GenBank showed >99% similarity with sequences of reference N. parvum isolate CMW9080 (ITS, accession no. AY236942; BT, accession no. AY236916; and EF-1α, accession no. AY236887). To confirm pathogenicity, mycelium plugs of a 3-day-old colony of strain YLLO2-1a were placed onto the surface of wounded and unwounded mature fruits (six replicates) of loquat 'Dawuxing'. Wounded and unwounded but not inoculated fruits were used as controls. The experiment was repeated twice. Inoculated fruits were incubated at 25°C in plastic containers (42.0 × 31.0 × 12.0 cm) covered with plastic film. All inoculated fruits showed small necrosis spots at 24 h postinoculation (hpi). The rot lesions quickly expended into the entire fruit at approximately 96 hpi. Both inoculated wounded and unwounded fruits developed lesions of 5.75 ± 0.88 and 4.33 ± 0.25 cm² (average area ± SD) at 72 hpi, respectively, whereas the control fruits inoculated with noncolonized PDA plugs remained asymptomatic. The pathogen was reisolated from the lesions of inoculated fruits and confirmed to be N. parvum by morphological characterization and ITS sequence. Based on these results, N. parvum was determined as the pathogen responsible for the fruit rot disease on loquat. N. parvum is a broadly spread pathogen, causing cankers and dieback on loquat tree in Italy and Spain (Giambra et al. 2016; Gonzalez-Dominguez et al. 2017). However, shoots and branches infected with N. parvum were not found in our study. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum affecting loquat in China.


SUMMARY A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary iron (Fe) from inorganic and organic sources on breeder hen chicks originated from Pale and Dark eggs. A total of 640 40‐wk‐old Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens were randomly distributed into 32 floor pens (20 females and 2 males per pen) and fed ferrous sulfate (Fe‐S) at 40 ppm Fe; Fe‐amino acid complex (Fe‐AA) at 40 ppm Fe, or Fe‐S and Fe‐AA (Fe‐S + Fe‐AA) at 90 ppm Fe, 50 ppm provided by Fe‐S and 40 ppm by Fe‐AA. Breeder performance was evaluated from 40 to 67 wk, and laid eggs were separated by color (Pale and Dark) to compose 6 treatments. A total of 600 hatching eggs from each treatment were collected at 65 wk and incubated. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were analyzed from 100 hatched chicks per treatment. In parallel, 1,200 1‐day‐old male chicks were randomly distributed in a 3 × 2 (Fe fed to hens and eggshell color) factorial arrangement (48 floor pens; 25 birds/pen) and fed common diets. Hens fed the Fe‐AA diet produced more eggs per hen housed and had higher fertility compared to hens fed Fe‐S whdereas those fed Fe‐S + Fe‐AA had intermediate results. Chick hemoglobin and hematocrit were not affected by dietary Fe and eggshell color. Breeder hens fed diets with Fe‐AA and Dark eggs originated broilers that had improved growth performance and carcass and breast weights.


We have performed a series of experiments aiming at understanding the statistics of deep turbulence over cities. The experimental setup consisted of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and an imaging camera that simultaneously recorded wavefront-, and focal-plane data, respectively. At the same time, measurements of deep optical turbulence were performed at the urban area of interest using two large-aperture scintillometer systems to get an impression of the strength of Cn2 above the rooftops of Ettlingen. Our focus is "urban" turbulence because we are interested in the usefulness of adaptive optics for free-space optical communications over urban areas. We discuss methods of determining departure from Kolmogorov turbulence. Our "last mile problem" is that urban turbulence can be significantly stronger, in the sense of flatter power spectrum, compared to the classic Kolmogorov turbulence. This could pose a significant challenge for adaptive optics systems.


Used engine oil is a main source of oil contamination of waterways and can result in pollution of drinking water sources. Insoluble, persistent, slowly dergradable, it can contain toxic chemicals and heavy metals. Animals and birds from the polluted oil soil can be stuck. The present study aims to contribute to solving the environmental problem and energy saving purpose by recovering waste from the recycling of used oil to improve the firing of clay bricks. The waste from recycling used oil is collected and mixed with wood charcoal. This mixture is used as fuel in the artisanal kiln to fire the bricks. The temperature rises in the kiln, the cooling time and the quality of baked Clay Bricks are analyzed. The maximum temperature observed inside the kiln is 900°C in 36 hours of kiln operation when wood charcoal is used as fuel with a firing time of five (5) days and 1020°C in 80 hours when wood charcoal and "Chinese coal" (waste from the recycling of used oil) are used as fuel with a firing time of ten (10) days. This explains the longer cooling time than with wood charcoal alone as fuel. The firing of the bricks is perfect with both fuels, whereas, with wood charcoal alone as fuel, 15% of the bricks are unbaked. The bricks also have a very clean appearance. They have an average shrinkage of 1%, which is lower than the normative value of 3%, the average compressive strength is 16.5MPa which is higher than the normative value of 12.5MPa, and the water absorption is 40% which is lower than the normative value of 60%.
This combination of fuels reduces the use of wood charcoal, which in turn reduces deforestation and prevents air pollution and soil degradation through the dumping of waste oil in the environment.


Graphitic and amorphous C-dots share common characteristics in their photoluminescence behavior. However, the graphitic dots have a lead as electrocatalyst for fuel cells, sensitizers, and electron acceptors for solar cells. The emergence of carbogenic nanoparticles (C-dots) as a new class of photoluminescent (PL) nanoemitters is directly related to their economical preparation, nontoxic nature, versatility, and tunability. C-dots are typically prepared by pyrolytic or oxidative treatment of suitable precursors. While the surface functionalities critically affect the dispersibility and the emission intensity of C-dots in a given environment, it is the nature of the carbogenic core that actually imparts certain intrinsic properties. Depending on the synthetic approach and the starting materials, the structure of the carbogenic core can vary from highly graphitic all the way to completely amorphous. This critical review focuses on correlating the functions of C-dots with the graphitic or amorphous nature of their carbogenic cores. The systematic classification on that basis can provide insights on the origins of their intriguing photophysical behavior and can contribute in realizing their full potential in challenging applications.


The research on trusted computer was the focus in the computer security area.Based on the research about embedded system,an ESM(embedded security system) was add into the main-board of the common computer to construct a trusted computer system.ESM included two parts: the hardware module and the embedded operating system JetOS,and it was flexible to expand and can greatly enhance the security of computers.


The subject of European female migration in the post World War Two period has been defined as an area of absence in general studies on migration. Studies have identified that categories of race and ethnicity have been excluded or marginalised. in Australian feminist, social theory and history with gender treated as a homogeneous category. These voices of protest in Australia are not alone Feminist historiography and social theory. demonstrate that black migrant and minority women have been rendered invisible in feminist analysis due to the category of gender being applied as a meta-narrative with the claim of universal application. In Australia the responses to the absence have predominantly been to include the subject of female immigrants through identifying their role in the paid workforce where they performed the most arduous and lowest paid jobs, or to demonstrate how they have been disadvantaged in settlement. Feminist social theory, which has examined the subject of female migrants of non-English speaking background, has demonstrated that their position of disadvantage is socially formed. The texts identify that meaning formation is part of social power structures and relations which function to exclude those defined as the site of ethnic an.d racial difference. The focus of feminist research has been on issues concerned with the settlement of female immigrants of non-English speaking background. In particular ethnic difference has been defined as a site of power, based on the dualism of the subject/object of Enlightenment epistemology within which female migrants occupy the latter position.


This paper on the Windber Mining Community was written by a student taking an archaeology class at Washington and Lee University.


On the basis of analysis to the government public crisis management,the present paper argues that advanced experience in crisis management should be establish to establish and improve the information communication mechanism in public crisis so as to improve the ability of the government response to public crisis,save the cost of management,improve the image of the government,and efficiently build a harmonious society.


In investigating cases of alleged anomalies, particularly when physical evidence appears to corroborate the anomalous nature of an event, a tendency to jump to hasty conclusions can manifest. Here we describe a case in which multiple rounds of DNA analysis of a biological sample appeared to corroborate its reported anomalous (extraterrestrial) origins. In September 2000, an object resembling a claw was found by a family in a bedroom of their Californian home. The family reported they were in the midst of an intense series of visitations by purported extraterrestrials. Thus, the preliminary DNA analysis on this claw began to appear to "fit in" with the multiple reports of high strangeness events as reported by the primary eyewitnesses. The linkage was made stronger because the anomalous biological sample was found in the same bedroom in which numerous visitations and intrusions by alleged extraterrestrials had occurred. Further, the sample was found during a period of intense anomalous activity in the same bedroom. Six separate rounds of subsequent DNA analysis, using different and sometimes very novel approaches, were carried out to bring this case to a conclusion. It was necessary to invent a new polymerase chain reaction using novel primers to the most conserved DNA sequences on Earth in order to finally resolve this case. Hence, painstaking DNA analyses and the use of bioinformatics methodology over a 12 month period by highly qualified teams of experts in three countries was necessary to establish that the biological specimen found in the house was a mundane terrestrial mollusk. Mollusks, particularly snails and slugs, secrete a thick mucous that contains multiple inhibitors of many of the common enzymes that are fundamental to molecular biology and DNA analysis, including polymerase chain reaction enzymes and those used in standard molecular cloning. Further, there is a relative paucity of mollusk DNA sequences, particularly from mollusks found in California, in global DNA databanks. These two factors conspired to lead this investigation down a false path for about a year. Ultimately, however rigorous DNA analysis using a novel set of oligonucleotide primers for the polymerase chain reaction solved the puzzle. The


This paper focuses on the determination of thermal stress in advanced CFRP foam-core sandwich structures. The sandwich was manufactured by open mould vacuum infusion process with polymethacrylimide(PMI-) foam core and NCF carbon fibres. The thermal residual stress was determined by Timoshenko's theory based on the measured curvature of bisected sandwich specimen. The theory firstly was proved for applicability by means of numerical calculations, because it was original derived from bi-metals. The sandwich specimen were cut into two half specimens at room temperature. The separated halved specimens were heated up to 180°C and cooled down to 30°C for several times with defined temperature ramps and the curvature was imaged with contactless optical measuring system. Based on the measured curvature the residual stress was calculated and compared to theoretical results. It was found out that the specific relaxation behaviour of the foam has an important influence of the residual stress in the investigated sandwich. To verify these results separated foam specimens were heated and cooled with the same proceedings and the thermal expansion behaviour of the foam was measured.