The nineteen-twenties will go down in medical history as the decade of two great therapeutic discoveries. Barely four years had elapsed since Banting's epochal discovery of insulin when Minot and Murphy 1 startled the world by their announcement of the effect of liver on the course of pernicious anemia. The groundwork for this discovery was laid earlier by the studies of Whipple and his associates 2 on the effect of a diet rich in red meat and liver on erythrocytopoietic activity in dogs with experimentally produced anemia. The next important step in the progress of liver therapy was the preparation of an active liver extract which could be administered either by mouth or parenterally. This overcame the objections of many patients to the monotony of a daily diet including liver. With the value of liver therapy firmly established, two questions occupied the minds of investigators: 1. What is the nature


In this paper, through the analysis on the real estate development surrounding among the three heart cities - Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta and the analysis on the sub-surrounding that affect the real estate development, we propose a appraisement index system on the real estate development surrounding. Through comparing and analysis by the Analytical Hierarchy Process method, the following result can be obtained: Shanghai's real estate development surrounding is the best among the three cities, Hangzhou takes the second place, and Nanjing takes the third place. Based on the appraisement result, we propose some suggestions and measures to optimize the real estate development surrounding.


Programmable metasurfaces incorporating with tunable materials or components are emerging as an attractive option to realize reconfigurable manipulations of electromagnetic (EM) behaviors in real-time. Many efforts have been devoted to the realization of active EM manipulations of the metasurface and significant progress has been achieved, showing their unprecedented ability to arbitrarily manipulate wavefronts in dynamic functions. However, most of the existing multi-beam metasurfaces are based on passive building blocks, only possessing one or a few functions, which cannot provide tunable and independent multi-beam control, thus limiting their further uses in wireless communications. Hence, a 1-bit coding metasurface with high-efficiency, programmable, and independent multi-beam control is proposed in this paper, providing dynamic EM responses with real-time reconfigurability, and controlled by external digital circuits through direct current (DC) bias networks. Specifically, the meta-atom loaded with PIN diodes is employed to achieve independently tunable phase characteristics, thus complex EM functions can be manipulated by redistributing the spatial phases of the metasurface. Symmetric/asymmetric independent dual-and multi-beam manipulations are analyzed theoretically and simulated by EM software. Then as an experimental verification, a metasurface consisting of 14 × 14 meta-atoms is fabricated and tested in a standard microwave anechoic chamber, and the measured results accord well with the simulations. The proposed metasurface has promising ability to generate the arbitrary and independent multi-beams, which may largely enhance the information capacity of the metasurfaces, offering untapped potentials in wireless communication systems.


This paper describes a simple and rapid process for the fabrication of 3D solid microstructures. We combined a conventional two-photon direct laser writing with a Parylene coating process. Two-photon direct laser writing allows us to make arbitrary 3D nano / micro structures, but it takes a long time to draw a 3D solid structure because the laser scans inside of photo-sensitive materials. Here, we deposited Parylene on the wire frame structure to fill the gap between the wires. This process allows us to rapidly form a solid surface on the wire frame structures. Our method can fabricate a cube of 100 μm × 100 μm × 40 μm 20 times faster compared to the conventional two-photon direct laser writing.


Lobbying, Trade and Renewable Resource Harvesting Richard Damania and E. Barbier The over-exploitation of renewable resources has intensified international concerns over the management of these resources. This has prompted calls for the use of international policy interventions such as trade sanctions and contingent transfers, to encourage sustainable resource management practices in these countries. A growing body of literature suggests that resource harvesting in these countries is largely determined by the rent seeking activities of special interest groups This paper develops a model to assess the interaction between lobbying, trade and the incentives to extract a renewable resource. It is demonstrated that in a lobbying equilibrium trade sanctions may be counterproductive and lead to greater harvesting of the renewable resource. The paper further considers whether aid in the form of international transfers can be used to encourage more sustainable harvesting practices. We find that when resource stocks are sufficiently low, transfers may also fail to reduce over-exploitation of the resource. However, it is possible to design a transfer scheme that overcomes this problem. Thus, an appropriately designed system of transfers is likely to be more effective in promoting sustainable harvesting practices. JEL Codes: Q23, Q28, D78, F19.


A process for the production of composite materials comprising cellulose nanofibrilares gels, characterized by the steps of: a) provision of cellulose fibers; b) provision of at least one filler and / or pigment; c) combining the cellulose fibers of step a) and at least one filler and / or pigment of step b); d) fibrillating the cellulose fibers in the presence of at least one filler and / or pigment until no fibers and a nanofibrilar only primary fibrils in an aqueous environment gel, wherein the gel formation is checked by forms monitoring the viscosity of the mixture depending on the rate of cutting, in which reducing the viscosity of the mixture after a stepwise increase in the rate of cutting is stronger than the corresponding increase in viscosity upon subsequent stepwise reduction index cutting over at least part of the cutting interval index in the vicinity of zero; e) provision of at least one further filler and / or pigment; f) combining the gel of step d) and at least one filler and / or pigment of step e).


Wireless sensor networks consists of resource limited sensor nodes and resource-rich nodes, called sink nodes, of higher capabilities to perform powerful actions. In this paper, we focus on data delivery systems to transfer packets when required. Since sensor nodes are usually equipped with limited energy sources and are likely to be influenced by unpredictable failures occurring in the harsh sensor field, we need to seriously take fault tolerance and energy-efficiency into consideration. Hence, we develop a fault tolerant optimal path (FTOP) scheme to construct a maximum number of node-disjoint paths to deliver data packets in event notification with minimum energy consumption. We also evaluate FTOP performance by simulations and compare it with a related scheme to show its advantages.


Spillway improvement works are currently being carried out at the Holden Wood and Ogden reservoirs in the Grane Valley, near Rossendale, Lancashire. A visit to the construction sites for British Dam Society members was carried out on Tuesday 5 March 2013.


Sensors are a vital part of traffic management and control systems. Vehicle sensing is historically based on inductive loops embedded in the road. Manufacturers of inductive loops include the Ariel Group, Intersection Development Cooperation, Safetran Traffic Systems Inc., 3M Intelligent Transportation Systems, and Peek Traffic Inc. Manufacturers of piezoelectric sensors include Measurement Specialities Inc. and TDC Systems Ltd. New above-ground sensors have been developed using acoustics, microwave radar, active infrared, passive infrared, photoelectrics, and video imaging. Manufacturers of these sensors include Golden River Traffic Ltd., International Road Dynamics Inc., MS Sedco, Novax Industries Corp., SmarTek Systems Inc., Electronic Integrated Systems Inc., Vehicle Sense Inc., Schwartz Electro-Optics Inc., ASIM Technologies Ltd., Scientific Technologies Inc., Econolite Control Products Inc., Nestor Traffic Systems, and Transformation Systems Inc.


In this paper we investigate the evolutions of Bloch vector in a dense two-level system with near-dipole-dipole (NDD) interactions driven by ultrafast incident pulses, whose duration is far less than the relaxation times. The results show that the evolutionary relationships between dispersion (absorption) and inversion, as function of NDD parameter, are reciprocal. And the pulse width and pulse area effect on the final state of inversion (FSI) are sensitive and obvious for nonzero NDD parameter. Furthermore, we demonstrate a way to eliminate the NDD interactions effect on the FSI by adding an appropriate detuning.


The direct electrochemical conversion of carbon involves discharge of suspensions of reactive carbon particles in a molten salt electrolyte against an oxygen (air) cathode. (Figure 1). The free energy and the enthalpy of the oxidation reaction are nearly identical. This allows theoretical efficiencies ({Delta}G(T)/{Delta}H) to approach 100% at temperatures from 500 to 800 C. Entropy heat losses are therefore negligible. The activities of the elemental carbon and of the carbon dioxide product are uniform throughout the fuel cell and constant over discharge time. This stabilizes cell EMF and allows full utilization of the carbon fuel in a single pass. Finally, the energy cost for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is generally very low compared with that of steam reforming or water gas reactions. Direct electrochemical conversion of carbon might be compared with molten carbonate fuel cell using carbon rather than hydrogen. However, there are important differences. There is no hydrogen involved (except from trace water contamination). The mixture of molten carbonate and carbon is not highly flammable. The carbon is introduced in as a particulate, rather than as a high volume flow of hydrogen. At the relatively low rates of discharge (about 1 kA/m{sup 2}), the stoichiometric requirements for carbon dioxide by more » the cathodic reaction may be met by diffusion across the thin electrolyte gap. We report recent experimental work at LLNL using melt slurries of reactive carbons produced by the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. We have found that anodic reactivity of carbon in mixed carbonate melts depends strongly on form, structure and nano-scale disorder of the materials, which are fixed by the hydrocarbon starting material and the conditions of pyrolysis. Thus otherwise chemically pure carbons made by hydrocarbon pyrolysis show rates at fixed potentials that span an order of magnitude, while this range lies 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the current density of graphite plate electrodes. One carbon materials was identified which delivered anode current densities of 1 kA/m{sup 2} at 0.8 V (i.e., 80% efficiency, based on the standard enthalpy of carbon/oxygen reaction, and assuming full conversion), which we believe to be sufficiently great to allow practical application in fuel cell arrays. Since the hydrocarbon starting materials are ''ash free,'' entrainment of ash into the melt is not limiting. Finally, the use of fine carbon particulates in slurries avoids cost and logistics of carbon electrode manufacture and distribution. « less


The Roma represents one of the major ethnolinguistic minorities in Serbia. Due to a number of economic and social reasons, only 2% of Romani children enter preschools, and less than 40% become part of the overall formal education system. For the purpose of this research, a sociolinguistic case study was conducted in two municipalities in southern Serbia. The objective was to identify reasons for poor academic achievements of Romani children, and to see whether there exists a correlation between educational failure and levels of linguistic and cultural competences in Serbian as the language of education. A conclusion was drawn that, aside from nurturing Romani as L1 in preschool education, a comprehensive introduction to Serbian as the language of education is one of the key factors contributing to positive academic achievements of Romani children in Serbia, and the first step in the overall education system that should not be missed.


Supreme Court of South Australia, Sulan J, 19 March 2004. Court approves alteration of association rules due to religious schism.


70 www.erpublication.org  Abstract— The conventional method of concreting i.e. castin-situ or cast-in-place is mostly used for various types of constructions. There are many drawbacks of this method like less quality, lesser speed of construction, high labour requirement etc. These drawbacks ultiamtely affect health of structure. To overcome these drawbacks a new method of concreting can be adpoted called as precast concrete method. Precast concrete method is accepted wolrd wide for its advantages over conventional concrete method.


Abstract The goal of the investigation was to determine the intra- and interday precision of GPC molecular weight data. Typical GPC conditions with organic eluents were chosen to obtain data close to actual conditions. Good precision data not only improves the reliability of results but also the productivity because less time-consuming recalibrations are needed. The intraday relative standard deviations for Mn and Mw were for below 1.5% with the majority below 1.0%. The interday precision from day 1 to day 20 for Mn was 1.4% and 1.3% for Mw. Retention time stability below 0.06% is required to obtain molecular weight precision data below 1%. Fully automated data acquisition, evaluation, and reporting were found to be more precise in comparison to semiautomated with automated data acquisition and interactive data evaluation.


Background: Recently, we have demonstrated that the probability of postoperative vomiting (PV) following ENT surgery with inhalational anaesthetics can be predicted using a risk score. This score is based on gender, age, smoking status, history of motion sickness or postoperative nausea and vomiting and the duration of anaesthesia. Therefore, it is of interest whether this score is also accurate in predicting PV in patients undergoing different types of surgery.


The theory of surface acoustic soliton is presented based on the coherent-state representation of the equation of motion for anharmonically interacting surface-phonons. It is shown that the two-dimensional wave field satisfies the nonlinear integro-differential equation which can be reduced to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation by means of reductive perturbation method. The possibility of detecting the surface acoustic soliton is also discussed.


In petawatt lasers segmented mosaic gratings are studied to recompress pulses. Alignments of the mosaic elements are crucial. We discuss theoretical model of phase shift and tolerances on alignment are presented.


*Corresponding author Field observations, petrography, geochemical data and the results of K–Ar dating are presented for Oligocene (c. 30–29 Ma) alkaline intrusions at the former township of Doupov (Duppau) in the central part of the Doupovske hory Volcanic Complex (DHVC). The Doupov Intrusive Complex (DIC) is a very limited in area (< 2 km 2 ) but is petrographically highly variable. Several phaneritic rock types have been identified, including clinopyroxenite (both the clinopyroxenite-dominated breccia and xenoliths in younger intrusive phases), essexite, sodalite-bearing monzodiorite, sodalite monzosyenite to nepheline–sodalite syenite, and highly mafic to felsic nephelinolites (melteigite–ijolite–urtite). These rocks are accom panied by vent breccias, and a thermal and metasomatic aureole with zones of pervasive phlogopitization. Phaneritic intrusions and their host rocks are cut by thin aphanitic dykes ranging from mafic alkaline lamprophyres to felsic trachytes and phonolites. All the intrusions are characterized by undersaturated alkaline compositions with high abundances of incompatible elements. Geochemical variations and also subtle differences in the isotopic compositions of Sr and Nd suggest that the less undersaturated essexitic rocks and sodalite syenitoids do not form a common evolutionary line with highly undersaturated nephelinolites. Nephelinolites are isotopically close to the "European Asthenospheric Reservoir" or the "Common Mantle Reservoir" compositions and interaction of their parental magmas with the continental crust was negligible. Magmatic evolution of nephelinolites with "dry" mineral assemblages was dominated by fractionation of clinopyroxene accompanied at the early stage by olivine, and later by titanite, magnetite and apatite. Essexite is isotopically more different though still within the field of mafic lavas from DHVC and other volcanic complexes in Central and Western Europe. Either its parental magma originated in heterogeneous mantle with more distinct lithospheric signature or this magma reacted with the continental crust during its ascent and fractionation. Sodalite monzosyenite displays significantly higher 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and its parental magma probably interacted even more intensively with the crustal rocks. The K–Ar ages of phaneritic intrusive rocks from Doupov are c. 30–29 Ma. Intrusions are older than the tephrite–basanite and foidite lavas forming the upper parts of the DHVC. The rock association resembles that accompanying many carbonatite intrusions around the world. However, brecciation and high-temperature metasomatic overprint including the extensive phlogopitization may be related to ijolitic magma. Nevertheless, the presence of carbonatite at some deeper level cannot be excluded.


located halfway between several people drowning. You have a duty towards each of them but are unable to save everyone. In such a situation, Valentin Jeutner argues, you are confronted with not only a moral but possibly also a legal dilemma. The notion of a legal dilemma challenges the assumption that international law is a coherent system providing a binary classification for each action as either legal or illegal. A legal dilemma arises when an action is both legal and illegal at the same time.


Morphological and physiological characteristics of isolates from diseased faba bean plants affected by the causal fungus of stem rot disease of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) were compared with isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from diseased cucumber plants. Under controlled conditions, isolates from diseased faba bean plants exhibited slower growth rate at different temperatures and weaker pathogenicity on faba bean cultivars compared with isolates of S. sclerotiorum. For six consecutive years apothecia production in the field occurred from autumn to winter for sclerotia derived from diseased faba bean plants, whereas production of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum occurred in late spring. Microscopic observations demonstrated dimorphism in ascospores (large and small ascospores) produced by isolates from diseased faba bean plants in a 4 : 4 ratio. Length to width ratio of the ascospores was 1.98. Based on all the above, it was concluded that the causal fungus of stem rot of faba beans in Greece belonged to S. trifoliorum.


A boundary scan scheme is introduced that uses multiple-valued logic signaling to reduce the number of chip pins and on-chip control signal lines, which leads to a decrease in the chip area overhead as well as interconnection complexity. The various modes of operation in the proposed scheme are defined by the quaternary control line CS (control signal). Also encoded on CS is the clock signal used to synchronize the data movement in the boundary scan shift register path. The proposed scheme does not allow the application of the clock pulses through BSI during the apply test mode of operation. However, application of clock pulses during this mode has no apparent use since data cannot be shifted out.<<ETX>>


As an embodiment of spirit and awareness in literature creation, both boldness and loftiness are the two important propositions in the literary theory in the East and the West; however, they have different expressions in the eastern and western cultures. The present paper is an attempt to explore the cultural meaning of literary spirit in the East and West.


The piano teaching plays a very important role in normal college music teaching, so how to improve the quality of the piano teaching has become the most important thing in the piano teaching reform. To be strict in the standard of entrance examination and study hard on the methods of the piano teaching, as well as to write the proper teaching materials and train the teaching capabilities of students , are respectively not only the preconditions but also the key points and the guarantee and the final aim of improving the quality of the piano teaching.


The reviewed book is published in Kluwer series NATO Science Series: II: Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry as its 24th continuation. The volume is based on the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Sicily in July 2000. The book starts with an overview by A. M. Rao and M. S. Dresselhaus, surveying nanostructured forms of carbon. The following seventeen individual contributions are then grouped into four main chapters. The first chapter covers synthesis of nanostructured carbon. V. G. Ralchenko for example discusses here nanoand microstructural features in CVD diamond growth. Covalent cluster-assembled carbon solids are analyzed by G. Benedek et al. The second chapter deals with structural characterization and opens with an article by A. A. Lucas et al. on diffraction of carbon-based tubular and helical structures. Among other exciting reports of this section, one can find, for example, survey of topology, properties and thermodynamics of amorphous carbon by A. S. Bakai et al. Optical and transport properties are handled in the third block. D. Tománek discusses thermal and electrical conductance of carbon nanotubes while Ph. Lambin with coworkers reports optical properties of carbon onions. The volume closes with the fourth chapter treating applications. Structure and properties of nanostructured carbon are from the application point of view surveyed here FULLERENES, NANOTUBES, AND CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 189–190, 2003


The disturbed and disturbing college student causes the most vexing concerns for student affairs administrators. The AISP model offers a useful and easily understood framework for dealing with the various challenges of this high-risk student population.


In this paper, switched reluctance motors (SRM) are proposed as an alternative for electric power assisted steering (EPAS) applications. The new 42 V power voltage system is a very attractive design for a steering electric motor, both from a cost and size perspective. A four-phase 8/6 SRM drive is designed for a rack type EPAS which should provide a maximum force of 10 kN. It has practical engineering significance to the design of EPAS motor control strategy, to the improvement and optimization of EPAS function and to the steering manipulation safety and provides an effective control method for EPAS system.


MacRobert (4–7) and Ragab(8) have summed many infinite and finite series of E-functions by expressing the E-functions as Barnes integrals and interchanging the order of summation and integration. Verma (9) has given two general expansions involving E-functions from which, in addition to some new results, all the expansions given by MacRobert and Ragab can be deduced. Proceeding similarly, we have studied general summations involving H-functions. The H-function is the most generalized form of the hypergeometric function. It contains a vast number of well-known analytic functions as special cases and also an important class of symmetrical Fourier kernels of a very general nature. The H-function is defined as (2) where 0 ≤ n ≤ p, 1 ≤ m ≤ q, αj, βj are positive numbers and aj, bj may be complex numbers.


Web: ecampus.oregonstate.edu Email: email@example.com Telephone: 800-667-1465 Page 1 of 5 NOTE to prospective students: This syllabus is intended to provide students who are considering taking this course an idea of what they will be learning. A more detailed syllabus will be available on the course site for enrolled students and may be more current than this sample syllabus. Summer term courses may be accelerated – please check the Ecampus Schedule of Classes for more information.


The invention relates to the technical field of health-care food, in particular to an anti-aging sandwich pie and a preparing method thereof. The anti-aging sandwich pie comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 80-100 parts of self-raising flour, 100-150 parts of cranberry filling, 30-50 parts of egg liquid, 20-35 parts of butter, 10-30 parts of honey, 25-35 parts of cream cheese, 20-30 parts of white sugar, 1-3 parts of vanillin, 2-6 parts of baking powder and 0.3-0.8 part of baking soda. The anti-aging sandwich pie has the advantages of being serious in raw materials, reasonable in recipe and abundant in nutrition of the cooked sandwich pie, and has no irritation. In process of eating at ordinary times, the anti-aging sandwich pie can play a role of delaying senescence, a user does not need to take medicine or receive an injection, and the anti-aging sandwich pie can beautify the features. The process of preparation is simple, the user can cook the anti-aging sandwich pie at home, operation is convenient and fast, and cost is saved.


ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Greenhouse Gas Abatement with Distributed Generation in California's Commercial Buildings Chris Marnay, Michael Stadler, Tim Lipman, Judy Lai, Goncalo Cardoso, and Olivier Megel Environmental Energy Technologies Division poster presented at the 6 Annual California Climate Change Research Symposium Sacramento Convention Center, Sacramento, California, September 8 - 10, 2009 http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA/EMP/emp-pubs.html th The work described in this poster was funded by the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research Program, under Work for Others Contract No. 500-07-043, 500-99-013 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.


In recent years, in the design of school facilities aimed at saving energy, window design is contrived to realize daylight use. This study aims to reveal the light environment of classrooms with contrived windows, the use of artificial lighting and light shielding devices, and the problems and possibilities of daylight use in school buildings. In two elementary schools, we conducted the measurement and a survey. Additionally, we performed a trial to reduce the amount of artificial lighting with the cooperation of teachers and children. From the results, the design and operation methods required to promote daylight use were summarized.


New mathematical conjectures have often been extracted from the analysis of supersymmetric quantum field theories. Here we would like to illustrate how this extraction process is performed.


Dale and Appelbe's Pharmacy Law and Ethics has become established as the standard student textbook and reference work on this subject in the UK. A knowledge of pharmacy law is a substantial and compulsory component of the undergraduate and pre-registration pharmacy syllabus in the UK and changes in legislation and practice require the text to be updated regularly. This revised edition provides a comprehensive guide to the law that affects the practice of pharmacy and the use of medicines in Great Britain, and includes information on: The law that affects the practice of pharmacy in Great Britain; Complete coverage of the pharmacy undergraduate and pre-registration syllabus; British law relating to medicines and poisons


Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods: One hundred patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized into the observation group and the control group with 50 cases in each. Conventional symptomatic and supportive treatment was given to both groups and moxibustion was given additionally to the observation group. VAS scores for pain and Lysholm scores for knee function of two groups were compared at different time points. Results: In the first and second week after treating, VAS scores in the observation group were lower than that in the control group(P0.05) and Lysholm scores were higher compared with the control group(P 0.05). The observation group had better outcome in contrast to the control group(P0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of knee osteoarthritis with warm moxibustion can relieve pain for patients, improve the function of knee joints and thus enhance clinical efficacy.


The foraging range of bees determines the spatial scale over which each species can provide pollination services. In agricultural ecosystems, productivity is related not only to the taxonomic diversity of bees per se, but also to the location of their nesting sites, which reflects on their flying range. Within this context, the present study sought to assess how wild bee assemblages affect the yield of Brassica napus at three different distances (25 m, 175 m, 325 m) from forest remnants in Southern Brazil. Bees were sampled by means of pan traps and findings were analyzed using the Shannon diversity index and generalized linear models. We identified 11 species of native bees, both solitary and social, as well as the exotic species Apis mellifera, which was most abundant. Our findings show that canola crop yield were positively influenced by the diversity of bee species. This demonstrates that native bees, not only A. mellifera, can contribute significantly to the productivity of canola crops. In addition, we found that bee body size is significantly associated with flight distance traveled within the canola fields, and demonstrated a relationship with nesting sites. Thus, we hypothesize that canola yields are associated with the presence of wild bee species, both social and solitary, and that maintenance of these pollinators is directly dependent on practices adopted in rural areas, whether within plantation fields per se or in forest remnants used as nesting sites by wild bees.


. Community Plantation Forest (HTR) is one of the social forestry schemes which is a new breakthrough in alleviating poverty in communities around the forest. This study is aimed to reveal the socio-economic conditions of farmers over time to get a measurable picture of the community changes on their socio-economic conditions. The research was conducted in Budi Lestari Village, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. Data collection methods include in-depth interviews with selected informants by purposive sampling, field observations and focus group discussions. Data analysis was undertaken through tabulating and examining all data from various sources. Those are using qualitative descriptive analysis. The result shows that land-based income is the main source of income for farmers, who are highly dependent on arable land, which is located in state forests (HTR). Plantation commodities, especially rubber, became the main source of income used to meet the needs of daily life, although their contribution decreased slightly compared to previous year. Some farmers cultivate forestry commodities, although under limited quantities. Some of them started to replace unproductive rubber plants to sengon plants. HTR area was planted with sengon under agroforestry system to support food security programs under intercropping forestry trees, estate crops and agricultural crops


In order to promote the urban water environment management work for the protection of the Yangtze River, it is necessary to use a scientific evaluation index system to evaluate the governance effectiveness of completed management projects in pilot cities. Based on the characteristics of urban water environment management projects, this paper uses a constructed evaluation index system for the effectiveness of urban water environment management projects in the protection of the Yangtze River to evaluate the effectiveness of Phase I urban water environment management projects in Jiujiang City. The weights of each criterion layer and indicator layer were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used for comprehensive evaluation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the engineering efficiency evaluation result is poor, mainly affected by the urban rain and sewage pipe network engineering criterion layer, in which the weight of the BOD5 concentration of domestic sewage in the influent of the sewage treatment plant is relatively large, and the membership degree result is poor, so attention should be paid to the BOD5 concentration of the sewage treatment plant within the scope of the project. (2) the engineering benefit evaluation result is generally good, and this evaluation result can reflect the overall benefits of the Phase I urban water environment comprehensive management project to the "plant-network-river-lake-shore" within the scope of Jiujiang City, but it is only reflected significantly by the surface water improvement contribution criterion. The reflection of social and economic aspects is not obvious, and follow-up research needs to increase the participation of residents through questionnaires or field surveys to make the results more reflective of the economic and social benefits.


This research deals with the methodology of integrating a data base management system (DBMS) into a distributed network system. The focus of concern is upon the interfaces and communications among a DBMS, an operating system with associated network interface features, and other such components at distributed nodes. The environment of a generalized data base management system is extended to a distributed generalized data base management system. The definition of this system by the authors allows the DBMS, schema, subschema, and application program to be distributed individually throughout nodes in the network and for the data base itself to be distributed.
 A network interface is defined consisting of a command interpreter and a command handler to effect and coordinate the communication of the units of the system (e.g., applications program with schema, etc.). The message transmission is studied for the various topological distributions, and for a restricted set of these topologies a selection algorithm is developed with considers simple priorities and estimated costs.
 The distribution of a generalized data base management system with the flexibility of locating the schema, subschema, application programs and data appears technically possible, and for some topologies and environments, economically feasible. Further study is indicated.


This study was carried out to assess the potentials of banana and plantain peel as feedstock for biofuel production. The proximate and mineral composition of banana and plantain peel were determined using the AOAC method. Bacteria were isolated from dried banana and plantain peel using the standard microbiological method. The proximate composition of the two biomass showed a high concentration of carbohydrate content at 68.12 and 68.30% for banana and plantain peels. While a high amount of sodium (Na) at 119.17 and 106.67 mg/kg from banana and plantain peels. Three (3) bacterial genera were isolated namely Bacillus circulans, Bacillus brevis and Bacillus pumilu. This study showed the potential of banana and plantain peels biomass for the production of fermentable sugar which can be further fermented to biofuel.


Finite symmetry adaptation techniques are applied to the determination of the intensity strength of two-photon transitions for ions with one partly-filled shell nl in crystalline environments of symmetry G. We treat the case of intra- configurational transitions as well as the case of inter-configurational transitions. In both cases, the Wigner-Racah algebra of the chain O(3) > G allows to extract the polarization dependence from the intensity. The reported results are valid for any strength of the crystalline field.


In the user-congested high-frequency band, skywave over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) is easily interfered by radio frequency interference (RFI). Among the existing methods, transient and nontransient RFIs are suppressed by time-domain methods and beamforming methods, respectively. However, the existing beamforming methods cannot work in transient cases, whereas the time-domain methods are usually time-consuming and suffer performance loss in mass interference cases. Therefore, a unified method for two kinds of RFI cancelation is preferred. In this letter, based on the frequency characteristics of the RFI and the regular processing procedure of the skywave OTHR, an adaptive RFI cancelation scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the RFI is localized in the frequency domain, after which snapshots are chosen to complete the frequency-domain adaptive beamforming. The proposed scheme makes it possible to completely cancel both kinds of RFI in the beamforming stage, which is timesaving and proper for practical application. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by experimental data.


This paper quickly browses trial researches and introduction attempts of wireless technology into hospital. Most of wireless hospital projects concentrating mobile terminal introduction, location based services, and remote monitoring of patients. To find fruitful combination of conventional medical IT technologies, incoming wireless technology, and optimization of clinical process seems key factor to open up next door.


Among the advantages of jigs and fixtures welded up from structural-steel shapes over those of cast construction, the author cites production on short notice, strength combined with comparative lightness in weight, ease of alteration, etc. He outlines the methods used in their manufacture, and gives examples of a wide variety of jigs and fixtures and of special machine tools embodying this form of construction.


An innovative precast connection (the precast connection installed in the middle of the shear wall) was proposed for the shear wall. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed precast connection, two cast-in-situ shear walls (RCW1 and RCW2) and three precast shear walls (PCW1, PCW2, and PCW3) were manufactured and investigated. The construction joints were inserted in the bottom and the middle for RCW1 and RCW2; and the structural glue horizontal connection, structural glue cogged connection, and cast-in-situ plug grouting connection were utilized for PCW1, PCW2, and PCW3, respectively. The failure mode, loading capacity, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation of specimens were analyzed under the horizontal low-frequency cycled loading. Simultaneously, a numerical simulation was carried out on the ABAQUS software, and simulation results were consistent with experimental results. The result showed that the moment-shear failure occurred in all the specimens except PCW1; the bottoms of PCW2 and PCW3 were still vulnerable regions. The bearing capacity and the ductility of RCW2 were improved to different degrees by installing the construction joint in the middle of the shear wall. Specifically, the structural glue cogged connection and the cast-in-situ plug grouting connection have no obvious effect on the reduction of bearing capacity but can improve the ductility of the specimen; the stiffness degradation and energy dissipation of RCW1, RCW2, PCW2, and PCW3 were basically the same.


The scattering of Lyα photons from the first radiating sources in the universe plays a pivotal role in 21 cm radio detections of Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization through the Wouthuysen–Field effect. New data from JWST show the Lyα photon scattering rate exceeds that required to decouple the intergalactic hydrogen spin temperature from that of the Cosmic Microwave Background up to z ∼ 14 and render the neutral hydrogen visible.


It has been suggested that patients with chronic bronchitis are more likely to snore during sleep. The authors studied 5015 people in Korea aged 40–69 years who all participated in a comprehensive health examination and on-site interview. Participants who reported symptoms suggesting chronic bronchitis or a previous diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who did not …


This talk reviews the discovery potential of a light Standard Model Higgs boson (mass ∼ 114–200 GeV) at ATLAS with emphasis on the vector boson fusion production, which allows a better background rejection. Once discovered, Higgs boson couplings are studied by measuring the rate of events in various production and decay channels. The accuracy of these studies is described and the impact on the discrimination between Standard Model and a Supersymmetric model is shown.


Abstract Purpose: Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) frequently develop resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment; therefore, new therapies are needed. Trophoblastic cell-surface antigen (TROP-2) is a transmembrane protein identified in prostate cancer and overexpressed in multiple malignancies. TROP-2 is a therapeutic target for antibody–drug conjugates (ADC). Experimental Design: TROP-2 gene (TACSTD2) expression and markers of treatment resistance from prostate biopsies were analyzed using data from four previously curated cohorts of mCRPC (n = 634) and the PROMOTE study (dbGaP accession phs001141.v1.p1, n = 88). EPCAM or TROP-2–positive circulating tumor cells (CTC) were captured from peripheral blood for comparison of protein (n = 15) and gene expression signatures of treatment resistance (n = 40). We assessed the efficacy of TROP-2–targeting agents in a mouse xenograft model generated from prostate cancer cell lines. Results: We demonstrated that TACSTD2 is expressed in mCRPC from luminal and basal tumors but at lower levels in patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Patients previously treated with ARSI showed no significant difference in TACSTD2 expression, whereas patients with detectable AR-V7 expression showed increased expression. We observed that TROP-2 can serve as a cell surface target for isolating CTCs, which may serve as a predictive biomarker for ADCs. We also demonstrated that prostate cancer cell line xenografts can be targeted specifically by labeled anti–TROP-2 agents in vivo. Conclusions: These results support further studies on TROP-2 as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for mCRPC.


F420-dependent enzymes are found in many microorganisms and can catalyze a wide range of redox reactions, including those with some substrates that are otherwise recalcitrant to enzyme-mediated reductions. Unfortunately, the scarceness of the cofactor prevents application of these enzymes in biocatalysis. The best F420-producing organism, Mycobacterium smegmatis, only produces 1.4 μmol per liter of culture. Therefore, we synthesized the unnatural cofactor FO-5′-phosphate, coined FOP. The FO core-structure was chemically synthesized, and an engineered riboflavin kinase from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes (CaRFK) was then used to phosphorylate the 5′-hydroxyl group. The triple F21H/F85H/A66I CaRFK mutant reached 80% of FO conversion in 12 h. The same enzyme could produce 1 mg (2.5 μmol) of FOP in 50 mL of reaction volume, which translates to a production of 50 μmol/L. The activity toward FOP was tested for an enzyme of each of the three main structural classes of F420-dependent oxidoreductases. The sugar-6-ph...


"The study is devoted to the issues of economic risk management in investment activities in modern conditions of entrepreneurship development. Methods of theoretical cognition are used to achieve this goal, namely methods and techniques for the study of information and analytical materials (synthesis of a problem situation, problem analysis, extrapolation). Methods of structural-logical analysis and the method for comparing analytical data and summarising the collected analytical information of research materials are applied to identify structural elements and systematise risks characteristic of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR). The paper focuses on aspects of political and country risks, the impact of external and internal factors on the implementation of investment and entrepreneurial activities. The issues of both real and financial investments are touched upon, and, accordingly, the issues of increasing economic risks associated with them. That is why there is a need to implement a methodology for systematic assessment and management of investment risks, which will consider all the factors of influence of the external and internal environment inherent in the conditions of implementation in the Republic of Artsakh, adopted and approved at the level of the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Urban Development. It is proposed to create a new management body – the Artsakh Investment Risk Management Society, which will fully assume the function of controlling the entire process, starting from the conception, planning and up to the implementation and liquidation of investment projects and programmes."


The competition of the talent is the competitive focus of the world.According the realistic condition and its location in the national educational system,the educational objects orientation should be executing the mass education and the elite education also.The university should select the suitable educational pattern.


The applicability of Law No. 8.429/92 (Law of Administrative Misconduct) in relation to political agents is not an uncontested issue in the doctrine and jurisprudence. There are two chains of thought based on this theme. The first supports the non applicability of such law in relation to political agents, because such agents are subjected to a separate code of accountability as provided for in the crimes of responsibility, Law No. 1.079/50 and Law-Decree No. 201/67. The second advocates such agents be subjected to the norms of the Law of Administrative Misconduct, because it involves recuperating the state for the damage resulting from the misconduct, thus acting as a distinct element of criminal responsibility. This paper aims to defend the subjection of political actors to Law No. 8.429/92, based on extensive analysis of doctrinal and jurisprudential understandings formed around the theme, and therefore concludes that the Law of Administrative Misconduct and crimes of responsibility have distinct legal structures, thus lacking any exclusionary relationship between them.


To improve the performance of classifiers, a method that directly adopts the output vectors of the classifiers to calculate the weight value was presented, which uses the "measured level" information of the classifiers directly and transforms the "measured level" information into the weights to the classifiers. The threshold for voting was also set in order to improve the reliability.


Every year, nearly 1.2 million persons are killed and 50 million are injured in road crashes around the world. Road crashes are anticipated to be among three top leading causes of deaths in the world by 2020. In Australia, almost 1,400 people are killed a


The second harmonic current injection method is recently developed to enhance the torque density of variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs). This article investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of the second harmonic current injection method in VFRMs with different stator/rotor pole combinations. By using magnetic gearing effect, it is found that the second harmonic injection method can only be applied to the 6j/(6i ± 2)j (i, j = 0, 1, 2…) stator/rotor pole VFRMs for the torque density enhancement. For the other stator/rotor pole combinations, the second harmonic current has no contribution in average torque production but only leads to excessive torque ripple. Further, by using global optimization method and finite element analysis, 6/8 stator/rotor pole combination is proved to be the optimal stator/rotor pole combination for 6-stator-slots VFRMs with the second harmonic current injection method, being able to exceed the maximal torque density of conventional VFRMs by 12% at a fixed copper loss.


Due to humanity's proclivity to mourn their dead, it is only natural that poetry of grief, such as elegy, proved to be one of the most resilient modes of poetic expression. During its long history, elegy has undergone numerous modifications, reflecting changes in both society and poetry. As it is more and more difficult to find solace either in nature or religion, contemporary elegists struggle with the expression of grief, often turning to irony or humour. Gender, too, plays an important role in the construction of mourning poetry, with the masculine elegy focusing on poetic competition and emotional substitution, and the feminine elegy relying upon connection and the process of recuperation instead. The paper analyses "Missing You", a long poem from Penelope Shuttle's collection Redgrove's Wife (2006), investigating its status as a contemporary feminine elegy.


CLIQUE algorithm is a kind of the cluster analysis algorithm based on density and grid.It has high efficiency to cluster for the large database in high-dimensional,and can obtain the high-quality clustering results.This paper analyzed the CLIQUE algorithms' characteristics,the chief problems and the algorithm process.At last,the paper tested many experimental data for clustering,and analyzed the clustering result.Its' to find the algorithm's insufficiency,and offer improved method.It pointed out the direction to research work for the future.


Data mining has been identical as the technology that offers the possibilities of discovering the hidden knowledge from this large amount of data. Classification is an important wellknown problem in the field of data mining, and has remained an extensive research topic within several research communities. When data stream is continuous or online traditional classification will fail so it's required to develop classification model which deals with online data. Contiguous growth of data makes previously constructed classification tree outdated. So this problem can be solved by building classification tree incrementally. Incremental decision tree method allows existing tree to be updated as when new data instances arrives without re processing old data instances. Many decision tree methods like C4.5 construct tree using whole dataset.


Modern state of development of educational services depends on the impact of scientific and technological progress, on the increase of competition, on the increase of demand for specialists who are ready to start work in the new rapidly changing environment. The higher education system is currently experiencing declining of demand for educational services. The object of the educational services market is not only the service itself, but also actions which aim at attracting consumers to participate in the educational process, actions which improve the image of the institution. The more effective these actions are the higher competitiveness of the institution is. These actions include: Personnel policy; Communication policy; The right advertising campaign; Pricing policy; Individual approach to each customer. Constant focus on performing these tasks will ensure long-term development of the institution in a competitive environment. However, as it is known, every economic system is proved by certain undulation around the center of balance, and therefore the growth phase has to be replaced by the decrease phase. Today the market of educational services is in the conditions of dual crisis economic and demographic. Reducing the number of students at higher educational establishments means also a reduction of educational fees. Under such circumstances, it is important to identify periods of change of demand for educational services, so the system of higher education can be adapted to this. This is the reason for educational services market of higher education and its prediction to be studied. Evaluation of educational services market will identify prospects for the development of higher education institutions. Some educational institutions are already taking the first steps in this direction, however, the relative novelty of research in education, the lack of activity focused on this scientific and methodical approach leads to episodic use of the separate elements of research, presents no tangible results. At the same time, the lack of educational services market research in general and the activities of the university lead in some cases to irrational spending on the training of specialists.


Beginning students tend to think that computer science means only programming. As teachers of computer science, we are constantly trying to emphasize that the important component of computer science is a problem solving ability. This is not easy for several reasons. First of all, it is difficult to "teach" problem solving, whether in the context of computer science or not. Secondly, beginning computer students spend the vast majority of their time struggling to get this program working just before the deadline so that they can then start on the next program. A third reason that students might miss the problem solving focus is that we don't give them enough opportunities to solve problems from start to finish. All too often these programming assignments are presented to the students in a "ready-to-program" format. That is, the real work is glossed over or is accomplished for them. In this paper we discuss a simple but important application, committee scheduling. This problem is an excellent example of the entire problem solving process and provides students at all levels with the opportunity to formulate a mathematical model, prove a theorem, consider alternate strategies for implementing a solution as a computer algorithm, and perform some elementary algorithm analysis.


This experiment was designed to measure the immune response in acutely stressed and chronically centrifuged hyper-G-adapted male rats. Rats were exposed to 2.1 and 3.1 G. Acutely stressed animals were injected with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on the day of inital exposure to hyper-G, and were chronically centrifuged for 10 to 15 days after immunization. Hyper-G-adapted rats were chronically centrifuged for 28 days prior to antigen injection and for 21 days after injection. Booster injections were given and serum samples taken at intervals from 3 to 9 days after the initial and booster injections. Antigen dose, injected ip, ranged between 1.35 x 10 to the 6th and 1.38 x 10 to the 9th SRBC/100 g. body weight. Pair-fed and ad libitum fed noncentrifuged controls were used. No significant differences in anti-SRBC antibody titers were found between centrifuged and control animals, although there were some changes in WBC counts and a significant increase in adrenal-gland size in acutely stressed animals.


At the November 1967 "Conference on the Applications of Simulation Using GPSS" it seems unlikely that anyone was wondering if the conference would still be occupying a big hotel in 2017. Conferences persist for many reasons, but a technical conference like WSC has to remain relevant to users, vendors, researchers and consumers (not just hotels) to survive. If our kind of simulation vanished, then so (eventually) would WSC. What is required for simulation to "remain relevant" for the next 50 years? Without fear of having to answer for my crimes in 2067, I boldly speculate on what SHOULD matter for the next 10–20 years, if not the next 50, with a focus on our strength: dealing with uncertainty.


An extraordinarily ambitious and complex undertaking, the Hoover Dam Bypass stands as a testament to American ingenuity and engineering prowess.


The paper introduces a new simulation method for load torque , which is based on three-phase inverter and voltage boost circuit. The principle and control method are discussed .The experimental results are also given.


Universal precautions for blood and body fluid contact are basic to infection control guidelines. Medical personnel are required to follow a planned infection control protocol within their departments. The handling of patients, supplies, and equipment in sonography involves applying the appropriate protocol for the particular situation. The infection control protocol at St. Joseph's Hospital, Pheonix, Arizona is reviewed and applied to all aspects of clinical ultrasound. Infection control in ultrasound begins with sonographers, and their goal should be to prevent contamination and to restrict the spread of disease.


Simple Summary The enzymes, G9a and G9a-like protein (GLP), add methyl groups to protein targets. They can regulate gene transcription by modifying the proteins that organize DNA within cells, but they can also modify other targets independent of their enzyme activity. Studies show that G9a and GLP are important proteins in the development of metabolic disease, but their role in fat cell function is not well understood. Fat cells, known as adipocytes, help to regulate whole-body metabolic health by safely storing fat and by secreting molecules that communicate with other tissues, including the brain. In this study, we decreased the levels of G9a, GLP, or both enzymes in fat cells and examined the effects on adipocyte gene expression and fat breakdown, known as lipolysis, when fat cells were exposed to a proinflammatory protein, TNFα, that is associated with metabolic diseases states, such as Type 2 diabetes. The loss of both G9a and GLP enhanced TNFα's ability to induce lipolysis and regulate gene expression. Our data also show that these enzymes form a complex with NF-κB, which is a signaling molecule induced by TNFα. These novel observations provide specific details on how G9a and GLP expression in adipocytes is associated with systemic metabolic health. Abstract Impaired adipocyte function contributes to systemic metabolic dysregulation, and altered fat mass or function increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. EHMTs 1 and 2 (euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferases 1 and 2), also known as the G9a-like protein (GLP) and G9a, respectively, catalyze the mono- and di-methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and also methylate nonhistone substrates; in addition, they can act as transcriptional coactivators independent of their methyltransferase activity. These enzymes are known to contribute to adipocyte development and function, and in vivo data indicate a role for G9a and GLP in metabolic disease states; however, the mechanisms involved in the cell-autonomous functions of G9a and GLP in adipocytes are largely unknown. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a proinflammatory cytokine typically induced in adipose tissue in conditions of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Using an siRNA approach, we have determined that the loss of G9a and GLP enhances TNFα-induced lipolysis and inflammatory gene expression in adipocytes. Furthermore, we show that G9a and GLP are present in a protein complex with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in TNFα-treated adipocytes. These novel observations provide mechanistic insights into the association between adipocyte G9a and GLP expression and systemic metabolic health.


Vehicle fuel monitoring system is used as locomotive fuel consumption accurate detection system.The function,structure,technical requirements and the principle of the system is introduced.


The question Why deal with Landru in a journal on femicide? goes through this text. Its answer is addressed from the psychoanalytic perspective of criminal subject.


To the Editor .—I would like to register an objection to the publication of an article entitled, "Bell's Palsy in Pregnancy," which appeared in the June 1969 issue of theArchives( 89 :830-834). The article, beginning with the opening paragraph, offers generalizations which are not substantiated by the authors' experience, or by references to the work of other authors. This adds confusion rather than clarity to the literature concerning Bell's palsy. Further in the article, the authors refer to "early diagnosis and prognosis provided by electromyography (EMG) and the nerve excitability test...." They "refer the reader to the recent paper by Alford," to support the previous statement. Dr. Alford's article, "Electrodiagnostic Studies in Facial Paralysis" ( Arch Otolaryng 85 :259 [March] 1967) states: "These EMG studies are not useful in determining denervation until many days after onset of paralysis." Drs. Pope and Kenan also suggest that Dr. Alford's article supports the


An updated measurement of time-dependent CP asymmetry parameters in Bs → J/ψ(μ+μ−)φ(K+K−) decays using 80.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected with the ATLAS detector during 2015-2017 from 13 TeV pp collisions at the LHC is presented. In the Standard Model, CP violation arises due to a single complex phase in the CKM quark mixing matrix. Precise measurements of the CKM parameters therefore constrain the Standard Model, and may reveal new physics effects. Results presented in this talk are compatible with those obtained from 19.2 fb−1 of 7 TeV and 8 TeV ATLAS data as well as with the Standard Model predictions and other LHC experiments. The measurement of the weak mixing phase φs improves on the precision of the previous ATLAS result by a factor of two.


In the view of construction quality of cast-in-place bored pile the quality problems existed in the construction of this kind of pile are elaborated. Meanwhile, based upon causing reasons analysis some corresponding prevention and treatment measures are proposed.


The oxygen content of La0.5Ca0.5MnOy was tuned by annealing the samples at high temperatures in flowing nitrogen with graphite powder nearby. The reduction of oxygen content has dramatic effect on the electrical transport and magnetic properties. The samples with y=2.983, 2.83, and 2.803 show an insulator-metal transition, and an unusual temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the magnetoresistance. The paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition also shifts to lower temperatures and the antiferromagnetic transition at lower temperature is suppressed. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of oxygen vacancies on the various properties of La0.5Ca0.5MnOy. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.


Summary: There is a critical need to redesign baccalaureate curricula to promote population health competencies. Improved student learning outcomes and increased population health competencies were found among 585 baccalaureate nursing students across the curriculum using high-fidelity simulation based learning activities in didactic and lab settings developed through an academic-practice partnership. Content Outline:


This paper presents and tests a conceptual model linking perceptions of the internal work environment and external markets to information technology (IT) worker turnover. The model focuses on organ...


Abstract Community detection is a dominant research field in social media mining. Numerous algorithms have been developed to detect community structure in network. Each of them focuses on different characteristic of data and generates different communities for same dataset. So cluster validation or comparative analysis of these algorithms is required to compare the efficiency of these algorithms. There are two known ways for cluster validation: Internal Quality Measure (IQM) and External Quality Measure (EQM). IQM evaluates the cluster without reference to external information while EQM requires already known clusters i.e. ground truth for comparison. Most of the researchers have compared Community Detection algorithms on the basis of either IQM or EQM but not both. In this paper, we have tried to compare nine existing sequential community detection algorithms on the basis of both IQM and EQM and we observed that overall performance of Louvain, Fastgreedy and Walktrap algorithm is more efficient than other algorithms. From this paper, researchers working in this area can get information about major sequential community detection algorithms and their efficiency on small real world datasets. They can incorporate the findings to develop more efficient algorithms.


The Stirling engine, in comparison to other classical engines, is an external enclosed heat engine cycle with extraordinary theoretical efficiency and minimal emissions. However, when combined with a minor heat source, the productivity of the Stirling engine suffers. Thus, this study emphasizes research on improving engine performance using heat transfer. A simulation was done using CFD analysis in ANSYS Fluent to enhance heat transfer using different types of fins, air blowers, and roughness. κ-ω SST model was used as the turbulence model to capture the heat transfer behavior near and away from the surface. All runs showed a higher heat transfer rate per unit area than the no finned case. Increasing the number of fins reduces the heat transfer by 10 %, Applying this solution would cost more since more material is needed to decrease the gap between fins. When doubling the length of the fin, the heat transfer of the circular design was reduced by 1%, the pinned design by 5%, and the squared design by 30%. The addition of fins reduced the flow of heat to the cold end and kept the temperature near the cold end below 100°C. Increasing the roughness resulted in a small increase in heat flow. Comparing the laminar flow to the transitional flow, the transitional flow increases the heat transfer by 1000%.


Winner of the 2012 Sarah Gordon AwardIf you want to get anywheres in religion, you got to keep it sweet. You got good idears but what you need is an artist-type to work with you. (Onnie Jay Holy in Wise Blood, CW 89)In her essay "The Fiction Writer and His Country," Flannery O'Connor / contends that the duty of a fiction writer is to make her vision apparent by (l~^ J y exaggerating societal distortions that a reading audience has come to regard as natural. O'Connor believed that Christian novelists like herself wrote in territory consisting largely of unbelieving audiences who were hostile to religious faith; consequently, distortions should be employed to startle spiritually complacent readers. In what might be her most cited prose, O'Connor argues that when a Christian writer determines that her audience does not share the same beliefs, she must make her "vision apparent by shock-to the hard of hearing you shout, and for the almost blind you draw large and startling figures" (0^805-06). The territory has shifted since O'Connor wrote her essay, which has led me to wonder how her fiction might speak to an evangelical reading audience that, in many respects, has emerged into the mainstream of American culture. Walker Percy, another Catholic novelist from the South who shared many of O'Connor's religious concerns as a writer, lived long enough to witness the emergence of evangelical Christianity into the mainstream of American culture. Percy's novel The Second Coming arrived seasonably in 1980 with the rise of the Christian right; signaling this emergence, the protagonist Will Barrett returns home to the North Carolina of Billy Graham "where everybody was a Christian and found unbelief unbelievable" (156). In a novel chiefly concerned with religious inquiry, The Second Coming presents a southern culture of evangelical hegemony. Will states that he might find Christianity more compelling if only there were fewer Christians around; illustrating his point, Will writes to a friend, "Have you ever lived in the midst of fifteen million Southern Baptists?" (188).1With the belief that O'Connor's fiction still has something to say in a territory that is now quite at home with Christian faith, this essay shows how her first novel, Wise Blood, provides distortions that startle an evangelical audience whose vision has been dulled in its engagement with American sales culture. To achieve this startling effect, O'Connor created a minor character to function as a satirical distortion of the salesman-evangelist persona that one might observe in contemporary evangelical culture. The key to understanding O'Connor's malgre lui protagonist, Hazel Motes, lies in seeing him as reactionary to the religious indifference he sees around him. Asa Hawks, the speciously blind preacher, functions as a crucial foil to ignite Haze's backward journey of fulfilling his inherited destiny as a preacher. Haze's initial obsession with Hawks is due to Asa's striking contrast with the religiously complacent culture of Taulkinham. Hawks's seemingly anomalous devotion-crystallized by an alleged act of self-blinding-provides a stumbling block to Haze's own determination to dismiss the Christian faith. Ironically, when Haze discovers that Hawks is a fraud, he plunges recklessly toward his own conversion while evangelizing about a new Church Without Christ in his attempts to shock (read: startle) not only the complacent onlookers in Taulkinham, but also the blind street preacher and his assistant Sabbath who hand out tracts and beg the public to give money for Jesus with such ease. Yet Haze's provocative preaching to shock the religious sensibilities of his listeners proves to be an utter failure and, much to his consternation, continually meets with the public's deafening silence of indifference. Other indicators are employed-such as blasphemous exclamations by multiple characters-in more subtle fashion to further illustrate a selfsatisfied culture that nettles Haze's Christ-haunted psyche. …


In this paper, we study a non-local coupled system that arises in the theory of dislocations densities dynamics. Within the framework of viscosity solutions, we prove a long time existence and uniqueness result for the solution of this model. We also propose a convergent numerical scheme and we prove a Crandall-Lions type error estimate between the continuous solution and the numerical one. As far as we know, this is the first error estimate of Crandall-Lions type for Hamilton-Jacobi systems. We also provide some numerical simulations.


Although diet quality is implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, few studies have investigated the relationship between overall diet quality and the risk of CVD and mortality in older adults in Great Britain (1) . The Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) was developed to address adherence to nutritional recommendations for older adults, based on the frequency of consumption of specific foods/food groups (2) . However, the EDI has not been compared to other widely used dietary indices such as the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), based on the World Health Organization's dietary guidelines for intake of nutrients and food components (3) . The aim of this study was to prospectively examine associations between dietary patterns (HDI and EDI) and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in older British men. 4252 older men (aged 60‐79 years) from the British Regional Heart Study, were followed-up for a mean period of 11.3 years for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Baseline food frequency questionnaire data were used to generate two overall dietary scores ‐ HDI and EDI, with higher scores indicating greater compliance with dietary recommendations. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses assessed associations between tertiles of HDI/EDI and risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, CVD events and coronary heart disease (CHD) events, adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, social class, body mass index and energy intake.


It is well known that owls achieve better breeding results in good rodent years than in poor ones. This study found that the difference in breeding success between good versus poor years was apparent mainly in the degree of non-breeding and in clutch size. Desertion of eggs or young was not correlated with prey abundance; possibly only the 'fitter' pairs breed in poor rodent years.


There is no doubt that relation between the Muslim world and the West is often dominated by simmering distrust and antagonistic feelings although they may not always boil over. Tensions and recriminations abound and so do arguments and justifications. The need to find common grounds do not get translated into intentions or sincere efforts to move forward as the past casts a long shadow over the present. Typecasting a billion-plus fellow human beings or their faith as objects of dread or hatred as is being done by the West through fomenting Islamophobia needs to be prevented. Muslims must be able to reassert their true identity and earn their rightful place in a world dominated by Western power and influence. This may begin to happen if Muslims denounce and repudiate all the wrong that is being done in the name of their great religion, speak for themselves, develop religious and community leaders who are well equipped to impart the right knowledge and effectively address contemporary issues that confront Muslim societies and countries, and revive the spirit and unity of the ummah. Only then can they effectively fight not just the menace of Islamophobia, but also the injustices and discrimination in their own countries and those that are perpetrated by the West. The West must also turn their gaze inward and admit their role in creating this 'Great Divide'; they need to realize that their overbearing attitude toward Muslims and relentless depiction of the latter as their common folk devil will inevitably have undesirable, serious, and long-term consequences.


Objective
To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on quality of life and distress of cancer patients.

Methods
The research was a random control study, and computer randomized grouping, the experimental group and control group contained 64 cases, 66 cases, respectively. The control group only accepted health education, while experimental group accepted cognitive behavioral intervention twice a week. Before and after the research, the patients were investigated with quality of life and distress scale.

Results
After the study of cognitive behavioral intervention, quality of life of experimental group scored (71.7±17.5) points which showed greater improvement than the control group scored (63.9±18.3) points (t=2.2, P<0.05), the distress score of experimental group was (2.6±0.6) points which was significant lower than the control group scored (3.9±0.7) points (t=11.8,P<0.05), and the proportions of distress problems contained anxiety [42.2% (27/64)], pain [29.7% (19/64)], depression [35.9% (23/64)] and sleep [23.4% (15/64)] in the experimental group were all significant lower than the control group [60.6% (40/66), 47.0% (31/66), 53.0% (35/66), 39.4% (26/66)](χ2=4.4, 4.1, 3.9, 4.5,P<0.05).

Conclusions
Short-term group cognitive behavioral intervention can alleviate the distress and pain, improve their negative emotions and sleep, eventually improve the quality of life of cancer patients.

Key words:
Neoplasms; Quality of life; Cognitive therapy; Distress


In this paper, we consider cooperative spectrum detection based on energy detection in distributed antenna systems. Soft combination of the observed energies from different cognitive radio users is investigated. Based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion, we obtain an optimal soft combination scheme that maximizes the detection probability for a given false alarm probability. We derive closed-form expressions for the probabilities of detection and false alarm for the optimal soft combination scheme. Finally, we show through numerical results the improvement in cooperative spectrum detection with the optimal soft combination.


Recently, college physical education has received a lot of attention. Traditional physical education and teaching are unable to meet the demand of students in today's society and cannot attract students' interest in sports. In this study, the challenges of college physical education classrooms are examined and the teaching objectives, contents, and teaching evaluation of the course are established to improve students' deep learning (DL) and the effect and quality of college PE. The flipped classroom model based on DL is applied to PE teaching in colleges, and the influence of classroom teaching is explored. Moreover, a teaching experiment is conducted and the teaching effect before and after the experiment is compared. The results show that the

 P

 values of the three groups of students in the five items of 50 m running, sit-up/pull-up, 800 m/1000 m, sit and reach, and crossing direction change running are 0.003, 0.012, 0.024, 0.024, and 0.048, respectively. This indicates significant improvements in the physical quality of the three groups of students after the experiment. In addition, the three groups of students have significant differences in basketball technical and tactical application ability, DL ability, and autonomous learning ability after the experiment. This exploration integrates the concept of DL with the flipped classroom, providing a theoretical supplement for the design of flipped classrooms in college PE.


Abstract The anisotropies of electrical resistivity and thermal expansion of single-crystal Ti5Si3 have been measured in the temperature ranges 4·2–300K and 300–1273 K respectively. The anisotropy of the thermal component of the resistivity, defined as ρ(273 K)—p(4·2 K), was found to be 1·65 and the anisotropy of the thermal expansion 2·7 at 1273 K. The anisotropies are discussed on the basis of the directionality of the bonding forces.


Human Robot Collaboration has great potential for the manufacturing domain. A necessary precondition for this type of Joint Action is however the human's acceptance of their robotic co-worker. Recent research indicates that this acceptance is heavily influenced by the flexibility granted to the worker and the efficiency of the collaboration. Current systems aim for efficiency but neglect the spatial constraints of the collaboration. Furthermore they restrict the worker's flexibility. This paper presents an approach that extends prior art by considering spatial constraints and granting more flexibility to the worker. It thus facilitates a more efficient collaboration and a higher worker acceptance in manufacturing environments. The application of the approach to the workshop example is sketched.


Child abuse and neglect are common presenting problems in the hospital setting. In this article I define the scope of child maltreatment, focusing on the medical evaluation of physical and emotional abuse. and I review issues related to reporting suspected cases of child abuse. Challenges in the assessment and management of such cases and future directions are also discussed.


research of the oil sludge during the oil exploitation and the process of gathering,through the experiment of interior and field condensation dehydration,water percentage of oil sludge can be reduced 90% through the dehydration and sedimentation experiment of 4h,the sedimentation time can be shorted 1h when the drug of the condensation is used 20~60mg/L,the time of oil sludge condensation dehydration can reduce one hour.The method can avoid water quality to be populated again and has important means to protect environment.


This report examines the benefits and costs of increasing the end-use efficiency of natural gas through the use of gas storage facilities by distribution companies in Ohio. In our cost-benefit analysis the benefits to the people of Ohio from better resource allocation are compared with the costs of resources expended to obtain storage. The costs of storage facilities and of stored gas are recovered through utility rates. Benefits result from having storage facilities. One is the cost savings from needing less pipeline capacity during high demand periods. These benefits are called plant-mix benefits. Second, there are cost-rearrangement benefits that express the savings realized by the distribution company when gas storage allows a reduction in peak period supply needs and hence a reduction in peak period demand charges. Other benefits exist only when shortages exist. A model has been developed to calculate the net benefits of additional storage excluding the storage required for plant-mix benefits. The fundamental idea of the model is that enough storage should be built to satisfy the gas needs of all those winter users who are willing to pay a price for gas which at least exceeds, by the cost of storage, the price curtailed summer usersmore » are willing to pay. The limitations of the results derived from the model are due primarily trough estimates of willingness-to-pay. The major inputs to the model are the cost of storage, the price of gas purchased for storage, parameters that describe how much gas will be demanded by consumers as the price varies in summer and winter, the available summer and winter supply, and a statistical weather variable. The major outputs of the model are the optimum amount of storage, the net insurance benefits and the net conservation benefits. Themodel was applied only to the Columbia Gas of Ohio service area since data from this area were readily available.« less


We have recently built a particle beam mass spectrometer (PBMS) for measuring ultrafine particle size distributions (0.005–0.25 μm) at low pressures (≳100 mTorr). The PBMS is being used to study nucleation and growth in low pressure chemical vapor deposition processes relevant to the production of semiconductor devices. In this article, the function and performance of the PBMS is summarized, and results of measurements made while depositing polysilicon and silicon dioxide films in tube furnaces are discussed. Measurements made during deposition of polysilicon films showed that there was a critical reactor pressure below which particles were not present; this critical pressure varied in proportion to the residence time in the reactor, and was insensitive to reactor temperature. Above the critical pressure, however, the concentration of particles produced was sensitive to reactor temperature. The average particle size was in the 0.003–0.03‐μm‐diam range, with concentrations of ∼104 cm−3. In contrast, partic...


Objective To study the correlation between preoperative quantitative expression of Angiopoietin-2 mRNA in peripheral blood and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods The preoperative expression levels of Ang-2 mRNA in peripheral blood in 62 patients with EGC and 30 normal controls were measured by real-time quantitaive RT-PCR.The metastasis of lymph node in these cases were determined by HE staining and CK20 detection with immunohistochemistry.The relation between preoperative expression levels of Ang-2 mRNA in peripheral blood and pathologic characterization and lymph node metastasis in EGC was investigated.Results Comparing with normal controls.The experession levels of Ang-2 mRNA in peripheral blood in EGC group were significantly elevated(3.76±3.15 vs 0.35±0.22,P0.01).The expression levels of Ang-2 mRNA in peripheral blood in the patients with node-positive gastric cancer and in the patients with node micrometastasis gastric cancer were significantly higher than that in the patients with node-negative gastric cancer and in the patients without node micrometastasis gastric cancer respectively(6.84±1.38 vs 3.10±2.21,P0.01;4.33±2.16 vs 2.82±1.78,P0.05).The expression levels of Ang-2 mRNA in peripheral blood in the EGC group presented marked correlation with the differentiated degree of the tumor tissue,tumor size,depth of tumor invasion but no correlation with the histological type.Univariate analysis showed that preoperative high expression levels of Ang-2 mRNA in peripheral blood correlated positively with lymph node metastasis and lymph node mierometastasis in ECG(P0.05).Preoperative expression levels of Ang-2 mRNA in peripheral blood were independent high-risk factor of lymph node metastasis in EGC according to multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusion Preoperative expression levels of Ang-2 mRNA in peripheral blood may be a valuable clinical predictor for lymph node metastasis of EGC,which is useful for the treatment direction.


We discuss a recent theoretical approach combining catchment‐scale flow and transport processes into a unified framework. The approach is designed to characterize the hydrochemistry of hydrologic systems and to meet the challenges posed by empirical evidence. StorAge Selection functions (SAS) are defined to represent the way catchment storage supplies the outflows with water of different ages, thus regulating the chemical composition of out‐fluxes. Biogeochemical processes are also reflected in the evolving residence time distribution and thus in age‐selection. Here we make the case for the routine use of SAS functions and look forward to areas where further research is needed.


An exponential correlation between avocado fruit diameter and weight was determined for the Hass variety, allowing accurate determination of fruit weight without removing it from the tree. There is a significant increase in fruit weight during winter, reaching 31 to 43 grams per unit. Growth is inhibited at night-time by evapotranspiration conditions, and in some cases reduction of fruit weight may be observed. Sometimes, irrigation can prevent the inhibition effect on fruit growth. In the present work, we have tried to evaluate the importance of irrigation during winter and calculate the weight loss because of no irrigation between rain events.


The proposed article examines the positive and negative trends of criminal policy, enshrined in the provisions of article 37 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation, and makes proposals to achieve the best legal consequences for the defending person through legislative-technical and legislative-textual rules for the development of a normative text; the doctrinal concepts of lawful infliction of harm in a situation of necessary defense, the concept of the conditions for the legality of harm, the concept of the composition of necessary defense, the concept of the composition of lawful infliction of harm in a situation of necessary defense are considered, the elements of the composition of lawful infliction of harm are highlighted; materials of judicial practice are presented, indicating the practical use in judicial practice of the elements of the composition of lawful infliction of harm in a situation of necessary defense.


RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER PHASE2 TRIAL OF INVOLVED FIELD RADIOTHERAPY ALONE FOR LOCALIZED NON-GASTRIC MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA: TROG 05.02 M.P. MacManus | D. Roos | P. O'Brien | R. Tsang | A. Wirth | A. Capp | M. Bressel | J. Seymour Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Radiation Oncology, Genesis Care Lake Macquarie Private Hospital, Gateshead, Australia; Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Totonto, Canada; Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, Australia; Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia


Neurons of the vertebrate central nervous system have the capacity to modify synapse number, morphology, and efficacy in response to activity. Some of these functions can be attributed to activity-induced synthesis and secretion of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); however, the molecular mechanisms by which BDNF mediates these events are still not well understood. Using time-lapse confocal analysis, we show that BDNF mobilizes synaptic vesicles at existing synapses, resulting in small clusters of synaptic vesicles "splitting" away from synaptic sites. We demonstrate that BDNF's ability to mobilize synaptic vesicle clusters depends on the dissociation of cadherin–β-catenin adhesion complexes that occurs after tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin. Artificially maintaining cadherin–β-catenin complexes in the presence of BDNF abolishes the BDNF-mediated enhancement of synaptic vesicle mobility, as well as the longer-term BDNF-mediated increase in synapse number. Together, this data demonstrates that the disruption of cadherin–β-catenin complexes is an important molecular event through which BDNF increases synapse density in cultured hippocampal neurons.


We study the relationships among the various forms of the q-oscillator algebra and consider the conditions under which it supports a Hopf structure. We also present a generalization of this algebra together with its corresponding Hopf structure. Its multimode extensions are also considered.


One of the technological innovations so that learning becomes conducive, interactive, interesting and can help teachers make evaluations of students to use the Kahoot platform. Kahoots are in the form of game applications, quiz choices, or opinion surveys and public opinions of students or institutional members conducted online through a web browser. The problem with partners is that the teachers of SMP Negeri 1 Karangawen, Demak Regency still need refreshment in making interactive multimedia.  The methods  applied  in  this  service  program  are the presentation methods, demonstration methods, and practice methods. The presentation method was applied in the introduction of Kahoot software, ProProfs, Prezi of its usefulness, and its application in making interactive learning media, Demonstration Methods regarding program operationalization and Practice Methods where teachers directly practiced making instructional media in accordance with their respective subjects using Kahoot programs, ProProfs, Lectora, and Prezi


The releasing of memory for a computer is much like the losing weight of human.It can not only speed up the starting or running of a computer ,but save the internal storage.In addition,the chance of virus attacking will be much reduced.


TN a previous study by Buttner, Cremer, and Hartung,' it was shown that a diet composed of barley and fish meal was highly cariogenic for the rat. The original composition of this diet was described by Cremer and Rozeik.2 However, in the study of Buttner, Cremer, and Hartung,' the rats were salivariadenectomized, and it is felt that this operation results in such pronounced unphysiologic effects on the oral environment, that the evaluation of dietary factors under such conditions is not optimal. In the above report, it was also shown that a reduction in dental caries could be caused by supplementing the cariogenic diet with 5 or 10 per cent yeast. The anticariogenic effect produced by the yeast was suggested to be the result of the inorganic composition of the yeast since similar caries reductions resulted by adding ashed yeast to the cariogenic diet. Similar anticariogenic effects of yeast were shown in a study by Dalderup and Jansen,1 and were confirmed in a part of the above-mentioned report1 in non-salivariadenectomized rats receiving a purified diet which contained 63 per cent sucrose. The purpose of this report, then, is twofold: (1) to study the suggested cariogenic effect of a barley-fish meal diet in the control non-salivariadenectomized rat; and, (2) to receive further evidence concerning the anticariogenic effect of yeast.


ing discovery in the tomb is a ' 'lighter' or apparatus for creating fire. Neither the Hebrews nor the Egyptians knew anything of the combustible materials like phosphorus and sulphur, which easily take fire when rubbed on any rough surface, nor did they know of agents such as flint and iron with tinder. Their ' lighter ' was of a very primitive nature. They created fire by rapidly rotating a piece of stick in a round hole in a stationary piece of wood. For the rotation they applied the principle of the bow-drill with which they were familiar. The


During the editor's first review and re-review after publication,many data problems can often be found in some sci-tech papers,and some data errors are even serious.Aiming at eight kinds of common data problems,a combination of skills should be adopted to strengthen the editor's reviewing,so as to maximally avoid the data errors.The skills include: contrasting throughout the full text,using scientific knowledge,checking the design scheme or methods,carrying out a simple calculation,having the aid of authority software,and relying on all kinds of resources.


Data from a sample EEG is measured from one second before to one second after a decision point. The data is used to classify the neurological phenomena when making a decision. Credit: Fatourechi, et al.


During the Covid-19 pandemic, Distance Learning (DL) supported teachers and students, allowing them to have a virtual educational context in which continuing to teach, study, and interact. However, several difficulties were reported by teachers in using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which in turn negatively influenced their emotional state and contributed to technological stress (technostress) and burnout onset. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether experiencing negative emotions while using DL, the instruction delivery mode (i.e., online;face-to-face;blended), and the risk of technostress could predict teachers' burnout;whether active technical support from participants' institutions could represent a protective factor against burnout;if there is a difference between female and male participants in experiencing technostress. Results confirmed that negative emotions and technostress, but not the instruction delivery mode, predict burnout;support from institutions may represent a protective factor;there were no differences between male and female teachers in experiencing anxiety linked to technostress. Possible explanation for these results and implications for practice are discussed. © 2020 Copyright for this paper by its authors.


We have developed a process for fabrication of HTS single-flux-quantum logic circuits based on edge SNS junctions which requires six epitaxial film layers and six mask levels. The process was successfully applied to fabrication of small-scale circuits (/spl les/10 junctions). This paper examines the materials properties affecting the reproducibility of YBCO-based SNS junctions, the low inductance provided by an integrated YBCO ground plane, and electrical isolation by SrTiO/sub 3/, or Sr/sub 2/AlTaO/sub 6/, ground-plane and junction insulator layers. Some of the critical processing parameters identified by electrical measurements, TEM, SEM, and AFM were control of second-phase precipitates in YBCO, oxygen diffusion, Ar ion-milling parameters, and preparation of surfaces for subsequent high-temperature depositions.


Six solid complexes of rare earth with 2-thiophencarboxylic acid(L) have been synthesized.Elemental analysis,rare earth coordination titration and DTG-TG studies suggest that the composition of the complexes is REL3·2H2O(RE=Y,La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu;L=C4H3SCOOH).IR spectra studies indicated that the ligand(L) is bonded with RE(Ⅲ) by the two oxygen atoms in the carboxyl group.The molar conductivity in DMF solvent indicates that all complexes are non-electrolyte.Fluorescence spectra show that the fluorescence intensity of Eu3+ complex is strong.


In order to optimize wine quality it is important to first characterize grape phenolic maturi ty and to determine the extractability of phenolic compounds during winemaking. The choice of harvest date is therefore very important but nevertheless still empirical. Previous works showed the interest of grape texture measurement as factor of grape maturity characterization. This work proposes to focus on berry skins and seed texture properties of three grapevine varieties: Cabernet sauvignon, Pinot noir and Nebbiolo from different growing areas and during two vintages, using a Universal Testing Machine TaxT2i Texture Analyzer. For the measurement of berry skin hardness, a needle probe was used, whereas for seed hardness a flat P/35 cylinder probe was used until a 50% deformation was reached. Tests were performed at 1mm.s . Every test gave a force-deformation curve indicating the applied force at the skin and seed rupture point and the involved rupture energy. The first part of the study concerned the validation of the method used for grape skin and seed hardness measurements. The second part was dedicated to the importance of grape skin and seed hardness for the varietal differentiat ion The collected data showed that since there is a significant difference between varieties, berry skin and seed hardness represents a meaningful parameter for varietal characterization and differentiation. In both years 2004 and 2005, Nebbiolo was the variety with the toughest seeds (55,8N and 58,9N), but with the weakest berry skins (0,46N and 0,35N), in comparison to Pinot noir, which had the weakest seeds (35,9N and 41,3N) but the toughest berry skins (0,57N and 0,50N). Cabernet sauvignon showed a medium hardness for berry skins (0,51N and 0,46N) and seeds (44,5N and 43,4N).


The increase in substance abuse data among teenagers is alarming in today's society. The current imbalance in the state of modernity and spirituality in the formation of identity among adolescents causes these groups to be involved in substance abuse. Lack of knowledge of the risk and protective factors in the use of substance abuse is also seen as a factor in society's view of this issue as an insignificant social problem and is becoming more prevalent each year. In the context of primary and secondary schools, the Ministry of Education Malaysia and the National Anti-drug Agency should consider a holistic and effective approach to implementing various prevention and rehabilitation programs through the Drug and Public Safety Education Guidelines aimed at providing knowledge, awareness and understanding to school children, teenagers, parents, the community and the community on the risk of drug abuse and make it a "Drug Free State". As such, this paper will provide insights into the modules of rehabilitation in substance abuse and spiritual therapy that need to be given to reduce substance abuse cases along with adding value to adolescents in particular. Keywords—substance abuse, spirituality, risk factors, protective


The shock Hugoniots of two different alumina–epoxy particulate composites have been measured in terms of shock velocity, particle velocity and shock stress. Both shock velocities and shock stresses increase with increasing amounts of alumina loading. The shock velocity–particle velocity relationships have been shown to be linear, and that with increasing alumina, behaviour shifts from a viscous to a response more commonly seen in metals and ceramics. Comparisons of the calculated hydrodynamic pressure and shock stress suggest that these materials have a constant shear strength with increasing shock stress. Finally, comparison of the material with the highest amount of alumina, with the work of others, shows close agreement.