In view of the constrained canal water supplies, groundwater plays a pivotal role in the development of irrigated agricultural productivity. Annually, 750-800 billion cubic meters (BCM) of global groundwater withdrawals are being used for agriculture (Shah, 2014; Shakoor et al., 2015). Like many other countries of the world, Pakistan depends heavily on irrigated agriculture because of the arid climatic conditions. The rainfall is spatially varied from 150mm in the Southern to more than 750mm in the Northern West part of the country (Ghani et al., 2013; Shakoor et al., 2012) against the average evapotranspiration of 1778mm (Shabbir et al., 2012). This imbalance between the rainfall and crop water requirements necessitates the application of irrigation water to grow crops successfully around the year. The Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) of Pakistan is supplying good quality irrigation water to the irrigated lands through a well-developed canal network. However, due to a number of system inefficiencies and high degree of conveyance and application water losses, the system operates at less than 40% efficiency that meets only less than 40% of the crop water requirements (Arshad et al., 2013). Thus, provision of irrigation water from other sources such as groundwater is indispensable for potential productivity (Bhutta and Smedema, 2007). Therefore, the growth rate of private tubewells has increased at the rate of 60% in Punjab from 1991 to 2000. Currently, more than 1.2 million private tubewells of small capacity have been installed in Pakistan, out of which 86% are only in Punjab province (Shakoor et al., 2015). Similarly, the area irrigated from tubewells in Punjab was 10.99Mha in 2010-11, increased at the rate of 7.85% in ten years (PES, 2011). This clearly indicates that without groundwater availability, not only Punjab but the whole country would face food shortages as Punjab produces more than 90% of the total grains. Similarly, about 90% of the population in Punjab-Pakistan is using groundwater to fulfill their domestic needs (Qureshi et al., 2010). Due to this intensive pumping of groundwater in Pakistan, water table is falling at a rate of 2-3m annually. As a result, 15 and 5% irrigated areas of Balochistan and Punjab provinces, respectively were unreachable to pump water economically (Qureshi et al., 2010). If this situation continues, the domestic and irrigation pumps would not be able to lift water at their present pumping location. This Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 55(3), 629-638; 2018 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/18.4909 http://www.pakjas.com.pk


The invention relates to a multifunctional monitoring system of a television. The multifunctional monitoring system of the television comprises a thermistor sensor, a brightness sensor, a humidity sensor, a television brightness adjusting module and a controller module, all of which are arranged on the television; the controller module determines whether an alarm is given or not according to the intra-television temperature value and the intra-television humidity value output by the thermistor sensor and the humidity sensor, and adjusts the brightness of a displayed image of the television according to the brightness, detected by the brightness sensor, of the external environment. By means of the multifunctional monitoring system of the television, various parameters including the temperature, humidity and the like can be monitored in real time when the television operates, and the brightness of the displayed image of the television can be adjusted in real time according to the brightness of the external environment where the television is located.


Breathing of normal humans exhibits substantial breath to breath variability. We hypothesized that random disturbances in chemoreflex loops could contribute to ventilatory variability, and tested this hypothesis by adding physiological levels of uncorrelated noise at various sites in a model of chemical control of ventilation. Randomdisturbancesto arterial bloodgases ortopulmonaryorb rainblood flowproduced patterned variations in ventilation like those seen in normal humans, including periodic breathing.


Purpose - – This study aims to compare two distance-to-default methods, data-transformed maximum likelihood estimation and "naive", that are suitable for financial institutions. The links between these measures and asset size, Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital ratios, non-performing assets and operating efficiency have been examined and an alternative default risk measure has been introduced. Most of the market-based distance-to-default measures are not appropriate for banks due to their unique debt structure. Design/methodology/approach - – The author has compared two distance-to-default measures and has identified their accounting determinants using Pearson's correlation and regressions with clustered standard errors. The sample of the US-based systemically important financial institutions covers the period from 2000 to 2010. Findings - – Non-performing assets and operating efficiency are found to be statistically and economically significant determinants of both distance-to-default measures. Tier 1 capital ratio is not a significant indicator of default risk. Practical implications - – The results emphasize the importance of using a combination of market-based default risk measures and accounting ratios in default prediction models for the financial institutions. Originality/value - – This paper identifies accounting determinants of two distance-to-default measures for large financial institutions, before and during the 2008 financial crisis. It introduces a spread between two measures as an alternative default risk indicator.


Background and Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the effect of temperature and precipitation in COVID-19 daily death and daily transmission. Method: Two estimated model were developed for this study and panel data model was applied to understand the effect of temperature and precipitation in COVID-19 daily death and daily new cases. The study was carried out using secondary data, data were collected of 3 consecutive month of seven cities around the world which were effected most by the COVID-19 and varying of meteorological parameters to study the effect. Data included weather variables i.e temperature (average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature), precipitation, daily new cases and daily new death. Finding: First estimated model which included average temperature and precipitation showed a significant association of average temperature with daily death with p-value 0.02748 and second estimated model which included average temperature, precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature, the average and maximum temperature had significant association with the daily transmission with p-value 0.04 and 0.02 respectively. Conclusion: Increase in average temperature reduces daily death and increase in maximum temperature reduces transmission. This study helps to predict in South Asia if vaccines aren't available and strong preventive measure strategy isn't developed there is chance of second wave of COVID-19 as winter session is about to start.


The motif of the Persian Princess's drowning was central to the plot connected with the figure of the famous Cossack ataman Stepan Razin. The motif became popular in Russian literature. The most famous was a song based on the words of Dmitry Sadovnikov, "Iz-za ostrova na strezhen…" ("Round the island to the midstream..." (Stenka Razin Song)), which served as the basis for the subsequent perception of the motif. The story of A. Sobol, "Princess" (1924), and the novel of A. Yakovlev, "Povolniki" (1922), embody the text of Sadovnikov's song. The character and action of the "ataman" were close to the Razin's ones. However, the reasons that caused the action and the image of the Princess were different. The heroine turns from a faceless and nameless figure into a full-fledged character, actively acting (A. Sobol "Princess") or playing a key role in changing the fate of the main character (A. Yakovlev "Povolniki"). Sobol's "princess" Natasha Toropova only pretends to be submissive to the "ataman" who loves her: in fact, she has her own ideas and views and became a Chekist in order to implement them. Silly but pretty Ninochka from "Povolniki" brings the hero to the embezzlement, resulting in the death penalty for both of them. Thus, the traditional roles in Razin's story are interpreted in a new way. The initiative of the heroine is directly due to the participation of women in the Civil war: during this period, the "princess" acquires subjectivity in literary works.


Abstract Objectives Dynamic visualizations have become valuable assets in acquiring and improving sports skills. However, their instructional efficiency depends on their design and on learners' cognitive abilities. Intending to improve learning sessions using these technologies, this study investigates the effects of visual realism and visuospatial abilities (VSA) on the memorization of soccer scenes. Methods Twenty-four soccer beginners first performed a multitask VSA test followed by the memorization and reproduction of three dynamic sequences with different levels of realism. An eye-tracking system was used in the memorization phase to record gaze behavior and identify the involved cognitive processes. Results Findings revealed that increasing visual realism disrupted learners' memorization performance and visual processing. Moreover, learners with high-VSA were more efficient in memorizing soccer scenes than those with low-VSA and benefited more from reduced visual realism than low-VSA. Learners' visual processing revealed that high-VSA were more focused on creating a mental representation of the content whereas low-VSA were rather visually guided when memorizing the scene. Conclusions Results imply considering learners' VSA and adapting presentations' visual realism to optimize tactical learning among beginners.


My object in this lecture is not to detail my own experiences and opinions upon the very large subject of the treatment of dysentery so much as to elicit the experiences and opinions of the many medical men who are at present treating cases in Britain, in order that we may be able to compare notes and, if possible, to consolidate our methods in this important branch of practice. Fortunately, for some centuries past Britain has remained almost entirely free from this serious disease and probably entirely free from the amcebic form of it, except in regard to patients who have been infected elsewhere. The result has been that medical men in England have not been able themselves to collect experiences, and now perhaps find themselves called upon to treat large numbers of cases suffering from a malady with which they are not familiar. But we must remember that nothing in the whole range of clinical practice requires greater experience, skill and judgment than the treatment of dysentery in all its stages. In fact, this subject has been almost the principal pre-occupation of physicians in Egypt, Greece, and Italy, and other warm climates for thousands of years. In classical times the treatment, of course empirical, consisted largely of the use of oils, essential oils, wine and dieting, not to mention some of the curious remedies which our predecessors were apt to advocate. In what may be


We evaluated the in vitro antioxidant effect of alkyl-organotellurides A–D on lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in rat liver homogenates. The thiol oxidase and thiol peroxidase-like activities of compounds were investigated. δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity was determined in rat liver homogenates. Compounds A–D protected against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+/EDTA and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). According to the confidence limits of the IC50 values of compounds A–D, the IC50 values for organotellurides followed the order: C (0.30 µM) ≤ B (0.40 µM) < D (0.68 µM) < A (2.90 µM), for Fe2+/EDTA, and B (0.21 µM) ≤ C (0.33 µM) ≤ D (0.43 µM) < A (1.21 µM) for SNP-induced lipid peroxidation. Compounds A–D reduced protein carbonyl content to control levels. The results demonstrated an inverse correlation between thiol oxidase and δ-ALA-D activities. This study supports an antioxidant effect of organotellurides A–D on rat liver.


This research aimed to find out the effect of dividend policy, firm size, economic value aded and interest rate level on the firm value. While, dividend policy was measured by DPR, firm size was measured by Size, Economic Value Added was measured by EVA, interest rate level was measured by SB, and firm value was measured by PER.The research was quantitative. Moreover, the population was 13 automotive companies which were listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange, Furthermore, the data collection technique used purposive sampling, in which the sampel was based on criteria given. In line with, there were 6 automotive companies which were listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2013-2017 as sampel.The data were secondary, which in the form of financial statement of automotive companies. In addition, the data analysis techinique used multiple linear regressin with SPSS 25.Based on hypothesis testing, which used t-test, concluded dividend policy had insignificant effect on the firm value. On the other had, firm size had significant effect on the firm value. Similar to dividend policy, economic value added as well as interest rate level had insignificant effect on the firm value.Keywords: dividend policy, firm size, economic value added, interest rate level, firm value.


In Cambrian,North Henan was a part of epeiric sea of North China. Hui-Wei-Qi(Huixian county-Weihui county-Qixian county) region in it has different geologic features in the early Cambrian period. Based on the study of stratigraphy, sedimentary structures, basic sequences of the strata in the 1∶50 000 survey,it is suggested that Hui-Wei-Qi region was a land with one or two rivers during the long-time weathering in Xinji period, which included river bed, river bottom, river side embankment and the river plan or the sea-land-cross zone and lagoons. In Zhushadong period of Cambrian, the region formed its paleogeography framework with the co-existing sea and land, the islands and peninsulas along the seaside and the tidal flats along the landside because of the fluctuating seawater encroachment.


By using the biblio-metrological method,this paper makes statistics of some citation indexes of the papers published in Acta Editologica from 2001 to 2004 such as the citation quantities,citation languages,Price index,citation half-time and self-citing rate.


The starting point for a discussion on biomedical applications of nanostructured substrates may well be the obvious observation that properties of materials change dramatically down to the nanoscale, so that a change of methodologies is required for their production and assembly, a change of analytical instruments is needed for their characterization, and novel tools can be designed with special way of functioning. In fact, nanostructured materials are able to probe and influence processes at cellular and molecular level, and their application is potentially able to deeply modify the way in which we perform environmental and clinical monitoring, tissue engineering, biomarking, drug delivery. In particular, biomedical applications of nanostructured systems rely on the development of innovative devices and materials able to interact with sub cellular elements with a high degree of specificity, so to maximize the diagnostic/therapeutic effect but with minimal invasiveness. Clearly, such different perspective requires a complex reshuffling and mixing of diverse disciplines and expertise in order to work at the frontier between physics, biology, chemistry and engineering, as already envisioned by Feynman in 1963*. Microparticles and nanoparticles realized with various materials (metals, silica, polymers, carbon nanotubes, proteins, lipids) have been until now the most frequently suggested and studied diagnostic and therapeutic agent, even if, apart from few exceptions


This text passes to leap the bed the teenager the championships woman a net to the whole country last horary diagraph in action, the analysis will soon rise the woman of the adulthood set leaps the high present condition in action in athlete in bed, pointing out woman net top an action the high degree is lower, having something to do with the margin of the current particular rule showing , should causing the coach member values with the athlete, and try to find out the problem-solving way.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the clinical results of adjustable gastric banding and vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

DESIGN
Prospective randomised trial.

SETTING
University hospital, Sweden.

PATIENTS
59 morbidly obese patients, listed for obesity surgery.

INTERVENTIONS
Adjustable gastric banding (n = 29) or vertical banded gastroplasty (n = 30).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Weight loss, complications, need for revisional surgery, reflux symptoms and the patient's own evaluation.

RESULTS
Five years after surgery the mean (SEM) weight reduction for adjustable gastric banding was 43 (3.0) kg and for vertical banded gastroplasty 35 (4.8) kg. One patient in each group died of unrelated causes during follow-up and 3 and 2 patients, respectively, were lost to follow-up. One patient in the vertical banded group required reoperation for an anastomotic leak on the third postoperative day. A total of 3 patients in the adjustable group required reoperation and 11 in the vertical banded group.

CONCLUSIONS
Adjustable gastric banding carries a smaller risk of reoperation than vertical banded gastroplasty and the weight reduction is in the same order of magnitude.


Higher education has a very important position in China's education system,and is an important impetus to the development and progress of China's society,politics,economics,culture and science,etc.Under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party,China's higher education cause has gained great and significant achievements since the reform and opening policy and has cultivated a large number of innovative talents and has provided a great amount of valuable knowledge wealth for the socialist modernization construction.Reviewing the past,great success has been made in China's higher education reforms.Prospecting the future,under the guidance of Deng Xiao-ping theory and important thoughts of Three Representatives,China's higher education will has a great development.


The paper discusses new ways for distance learning, outlining the e-learning idea.  E-learning try to minimize some difficulties found in the traditional teaching and learning process, offering clear and objective self-instruction resources and favoring the implementation of comprehensive and interactive software, with easy operation in graphic environments with simple interface. It also presents the requirements, user cases and scenarios of an interactive site for e-learning activities system, called 2Learn.


The extracting condition on flavonoids from Hibiscus manihot was optimized by orthogonal regression experimental design methods.The extract was quantitatively and qualitatively analyse by absorption,TLC method and HPLC.The optimum extracting conditions were 69% alcohol as solvent,extracting temperature 61.5 ℃,stalk material to solvent ratio 1∶41.5,extracting time 4.8 h.The maximal extracting rate of flavonoids was 1.023 mg/g of dry weight.


This article provides the first comprehensive list of alien macroinvertebrate species registered and/or established in aquatic ecosystems in Serbia as a potential threat to native biodiversity. The list comprised field investigations, articles, grey literature, and unpublished data. Twenty-nine species of macroinvertebrates have been recorded since 1942, with a domination of the Ponto-Caspian faunistic elements. The majority of recorded species have broad distribution and are naturalized in the waters of Serbia, while occasional or single findings of seven taxa indicate that these species have failed to form populations. Presented results clearly show that the Danube is the main corridor for the introduction and spread of non-native species into Serbia.


This paper discusses the interface mode to link SolidWorks to ProCAST.Three feasible ways are concluded by analyzing four ways of the simple mode.Finally,in order to examine the usability of the three ways,an example of sand-mould casting is given in this paper,and two more practical ways are obtained.


A process for producing self-adhesive RFID transponders (30a, 44), wherein a plurality of RFID chips or RFID chip modules with a plurality of antennas (15) are sequentially connected, characterized by the following in a common RFID tag manufacturing apparatus takes place, successive steps, wherein the steps are continuous in time following performed during a continuous reel-to-reel tapes locomotion: a) Moving of an antenna strip (13) with it, at least one row one behind the other disposed antennas (15) (having a selectable speed and Moving a self-adhesive first carrier strip 18) at the same speed; b) applying the chips or chip modules on the locomotive at the speed selected antenna tape (13) (to form a plurality of RFID transponder inlay by means of a applicatory and contact device 17), each chip module or each chip (each one of the antennas 15) assigned to, and thus (in electrical contact by means of the applicatory and contact device 17) is placed; c) Merging of the antenna strap (13) and the first carrier strip (18) by means of a merge and laminating means (23, 24) and laminating the ...


An important part of the World Wide Web (Web) is organized as collections of HTML pages, interrelated by hyperlinks, and arranged in some kind of hierarchy. The problem that we address is that of automating the process of searching through several collections of HTML pages, in which pages are interrelated by hyperlinks and the collections have a common domain. In order to automate the search we integrate these collections. We are interested in only those collections for which the common domain can be organized according to some kind of hierarchy. In this thesis, we define such collections as being Web catalogs and we present WebCat, a paradigm to integrate such Web catalogs. In addition, we present an implementation for this paradigm for the domain of clothing catalogs. Integrating information sources is a problem addressed by Information Integration Systems (IIS). In this thesis we argue that the present IIS have difficulties in integrating Web catalogs. The difficulties are created by the lack of query capability of Web catalogs and by the ownership of the Web catalogs. We overcome these problems by extracting the schema of the Web catalogs augmented with the attributes that we are interested in, then we integrate them and store them locally. Once the data is stored locally, it can be queried. Consequently a query works as follows: first we retrieve the records from the local database that satisfy the query criteria; then, for each record, we retrieve the associated HTML pages from the Web. The WebCat methodology can be divided into two distinct methods: first, a method for wrapper building for Web catalogs, and second, a method of integrating this information. We call this method Information Integration with Semantics since it relies on our knowledge of the domain to which the Web catalogs belong. For building wrappers for Web catalogs, we use a novel technique; specifically, we use the WebOQL query language in the core of our wrappers.


The article describes the state of the Asian merchant marine fleet as of 2018. The main trends of international Maritime trade are described, the composition of the fleet by types of vessels is characterized, and the main directions of trade by groups of goods transported by different types of vessels are shown. The transition of leadership in tonnage from tankers to bulk carriers is revealed, due to the reduction of the role of oil in sea transportation and the formation of flows of raw materials and coal for the ferrous metallurgy to China. The largest container ports in the world are shown, among which East Asian ports predominate. Two leading flag of convenience countries in Asia have been identified – Hong Kong and Singapore. In the global shipbuilding industry, three East Asian countries – China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea – account for 90 % of ship production.


IHS Jane's Flight Avionics provides detailed technical and program profiles of electronic systems for military and civil aircraft. IHS Jane's Flight Avionics delivers comprehensive insight into aircraft control and related systems under development, in production and in service around the world, providing military and security organizations with reliable information to support key capability analysis, planning and procurement activities, and providing A and D businesses with market intelligence to support effective business development, strategy and product development activity.


Abstract An optically active (+) C30 alcohol has been isolated after hydrolysis of presqualene pyrophosphate by yeast microsomes. This alcohol can be prepared on a relatively large scale directly from farnesyl pyrophosphate in incubations with yeast microsomes from which inhibitors of phosphatase are omitted. The alcohol is named presqualene alcohol as its pyrophosphorylated form appears to be identical with natural presqualene pyrophosphate and is converted into squalene by microsomes in the presence of NADPH. The elemental compositions of presqualene alcohols biosynthesized from protio-farnesyl pyrophosphate and from [1-D2]-farnesyl pyrophosphate were found by high resolution mass spectrometry to be C30H49OH and C30H46D3OH, respectively. Presqualene alcohol contains five double bonds and one carbocycle. Mass spectral, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopic studies as well as chemical degradation of presqualene alcohol indicate that its structure is that of a tetrasubstituted cyclopropane: cis-(1,2-anti-1,3-anti)-3-(2',6',10'-trimethylundeca-2',6'-10'-trienyl)-2-(2'',6''-dimethylnona-2'',6''-dienyl)-2-methyl-1-hydroxymethylcyclopropane. The data limit the absolute configuration around the three asymmetrical centers of the ring to either 1R, 2R, 3R or 1S, 2S, 3S out of the eight possible isomers.


This paper analyses optimal commodity taxes in a federal nation under alternative models of fiscal federalism, namely, fully coordinated and non-co-operative fiscal behaviour of the federal and provincial authorities. Illustrative calculations for India confirm sensitivity of optimal commodity taxes to federal specification. The paper, then, extends the non-co-operative model to allow resource transfer from the Centre to the provinces. The paper also proposes computational procedures to estimate the federal and provincial components of optimal commodity tax. Illustrative empirical evidence suggests considerable potential for these procedures in future numerical applications.


Start-up is a fast growing, innovative enterprise. Only ten percent of the start-ups will grow into real companies that have a value. One of the m ost common causes of extinction of the remaining ninety percent of start-ups is the inabil ity of the founder to create a functional startup team. Start-ups are therefore considered the ide al context for studying both vertical and team leadership. Within the framework of vertical l eadership, it is necessary to examine the quality of the start-up founder's ability to formul ate an original and attractive vision, to inspire co-workers to achieve it, to encourage them in cris is situations and also to develop their competence. The essence of team leadership is the c reation of a cohesive team, whose members support each other, have divided roles, res ponsibilities and authorities. Based on a research sample of 76 Slovak start-ups, there was i nvestigated the founder's tasks in the startup and the quality of teamwork in the start-up team . The results of the research project help clarify the nature of the vertical and team leaders hip in the start-up.


We describe an accurate and scalable implementation for the computation of molecular nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings, J-couplings, and magnetizabilities within nonrelativistic semilocal density functional theory, based on numeric atom-centered orbital (NAO) basis sets. We compare the convergence to the basis set limit for two established types of NAO basis sets, called NAO-VCC-nZ and FHI-aims-09, to several established Gaussian-type basis sets. The basis set limit is reached faster for the NAO basis sets than for standard correlation consistent Gaussian-type basis sets (cc-pVnZ, aug-cc-pVnZ, cc-pCVnZ, aug-cc-pCVnZ). For shieldings, the convergence properties and accuracy of the NAO-VCC-nZ basis sets are similar to Jensen's polarization consistent (pc) basis sets optimized for shieldings (pcS-n). For J-couplings, we develop a new type of NAO basis set (NAO-J-n) by augmenting the NAO-VCC-nZ basis sets with tight s-functions from Jensen's pcJ-n basis sets, which are optimized for J-couplings. We find the convergence of the NAO-J-n to be similar to the pcJ-n basis sets. Large scale applicability of the implementation is demonstrated for shieldings and J-couplings in a system of over 1,000 atoms.


The Coastal Environmental Modelling Team at CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, has been modelling hydrodynamic conditions within the estuarine environment of south-eastern Tasmania for several years. Historical model output has been analysed in an effort to identify prototype hydrodynamic states (i.e., frequently encountered typical hydrodynamic situations) exhibited by the estuarine environment over that period. A competitive-learning neural network, the Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOM), was used to identify these prototype states. Once such a network has been trained, each node in its output layer represents a particular pattern in the input data and nodes representing similar patterns are located near to each other on the two-dimensional output grid, while those representing dissimilar patterns are further apart. Estimated daily average surface hydrodynamic conditions (salinity, temperature and ocean current components) within the south-east Tasmanian estuarine environment, from August 2009 to August 2010, were derived from output provided by the hydrodynamic model. The current components were then analysed using a SOM and subsequent inspection of the SOM output grid enabled a number of prototypical hydrodynamic states to be identified within the model outputs.


Objectives: Assessment of mean 24 h oestradiol (E2) and oestrone (E1) concentration and basic FSH secretion in postmenopausal asthmatic women, before and after HRT use, and to identify any connections between changes in hormone concentrations and patients' clinical state.


We conduct an online experiment to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on people's expectation about the macroeconomy, including economic growth rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate, and their consumption, income, saving, and investment. We find that ambiguity aversion and time preference affect macroeconomic expectations. Ambiguity averse subjects are more pessimistic about the Covid-19 outbreak's impact on the economic growth rate and are more likely to reduce their consumption. Subjects with a lower discount factor have more optimistic expectations, as they are less likely to expect lower economic growth, lower income, lower investment, higher inflation, and higher unemployment.


Abbreviations used in the index ACHPR (African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (1981) (Banjul Charter)) ACHR (American Convention on Human Rights (1969)) CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf ) CSC (Continental Shelf Convention (1958)) ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights (1950)) ECtHR (European Court of Human Rights) EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) HRC GC (UN Human Rights Committee General Comment) HRC (UN Human Rights Committee; UN Human Rights Council) IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights) ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)) ICJ (International Court of Justice)/(Statute of the International Court of Justice) ILC (International Law Commission/ILC Articles and Draft Articles) ITLOS (International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea/ITLOS Statute) ROC (Rules of Court) TSC (Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Convention (1958)) UNCLOS (UN Law of the Sea Convention (1982)) VCCR (Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963)) VCLT (Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969))


The effect of feed supplementation and temporary weaning in 46 crossbred Bos taurus x Bos indicus cows on the resumption of post partum ovarian activity was evaluated. Animals were distributed in three treatments: T1, Control, cows without supplementation + calf at foot; T2, Feed supplementation + calf at foot and temporary weaning (48 h) at 60 days post partum; and T3, Feed supplementation + calf at foot. Supplement consisted of 3 kg/cow/day from calving till 60 days post partum. Blood samples were collected twice a week since week 3 till week 16 post partum for the


We report a 38 years old female patient with a pancreaticmucinous cystadenocarcinoma. She presented at the onset with a peritoneal rupture thatrequired emergency surgery. Five months later, the patient was subjected to a segmentalpancreatectomy and splenectomy. One year later, the patient had a serious gastric bleedingsecondary to a gastric ulcer. Due to a persistent increase in her CA 19-9 levels, a PositronEmission Tomography (PET) functional imaging with fluorine 18-deoxyglucose (F


In this study, 0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 5 vol.% of alumina nanoparticles were incorporated into the A356 aluminum alloy by a mechanical stirrer and then, cylindrical specimens were cast at 800°C and 900°C. A uniform distribution of reinforcement, grain refinement of aluminum matrix, and presence of the minimal porosity was observed by microstructural characterization of the composite samples. Characterization of mechanical properties revealed that the presence of nanoparticles significantly increased compressive and tensile flow stress at both casting temperatures. The highest compressive flow stress was obtained by 2.5 vol.% of Al2O3 nanoparticles. It is then observed that the flow stress decreases when Al2O3 concentration increased further to 5 vol.% irrespective of the amount of deformation and casting temperature. It was revealed that the presence of nano-Al2O3 reinforcement led to significant improvement in 0.2% yield strength and ultimate tensile stress while the ductility of the aluminum matrix is retained. Fractography examination showed relatively ductile fracture in tensile-fractured samples.


This paper introduced the intention of designing CAD software of Disaster Prevent and Security Monitor System firstly,and then described the design method of main models and the application situation of this software,finally,given the prospect of the development of this CAD software.


A convenient rule of thumb is developed for estimating radioactive fallout in precipitation from nuclear clouds at distances of 1000–2000 miles for debris at and below the rain-forming layer. The rule states that rain falling through bomb cloud radioactivity greater than about 100 times background causes deposition activity in excess of 10,000 dpm/ft2 day. A method is suggested for making a crude estimate of the areal distribution of radioactive rainout which should be applicable under circumstances similar to those in the examples analyzed.


We decompose firm-level corporate bond and equity index returns into (1) duration-matched government bond returns and (2) the excess return over and above this duration-matched counterfactual, what we term duration-adjusted returns. Our decomposition provides markedly different return patterns and asset pricing model implications compared to previously employed excess return definitions (i.e., returns in excess of a short-duration fixed income instrument).


Expressive text-to-speech (TTS) can synthesize a new speaking style by imiating prosody and timbre from a reference audio, which faces the following challenges: (1) The highly dynamic prosody information in the reference audio is difficult to extract, especially, when the reference audio contains background noise. (2) The TTS systems should have good generalization for unseen speaking styles. In this paper, we present a \textbf{no}ise-\textbf{r}obust \textbf{e}xpressive TTS model (NoreSpeech), which can robustly transfer speaking style in a noisy reference utterance to synthesized speech. Specifically, our NoreSpeech includes several components: (1) a novel DiffStyle module, which leverages powerful probabilistic denoising diffusion models to learn noise-agnostic speaking style features from a teacher model by knowledge distillation; (2) a VQ-VAE block, which maps the style features into a controllable quantized latent space for improving the generalization of style transfer; and (3) a straight-forward but effective parameter-free text-style alignment module, which enables NoreSpeech to transfer style to a textual input from a length-mismatched reference utterance. Experiments demonstrate that NoreSpeech is more effective than previous expressive TTS models in noise environments. Audio samples and code are available at: \href{http://dongchaoyang.top/NoreSpeech\_demo/}{http://dongchaoyang.top/NoreSpeech\_demo/}


In this paper,the concept of L-Fuzzy point was introduced based on the concepts in reference [2]by means of which the concept of L-Fuzzy conjugate subgroup were also given,some properties of it were discussed.


Objective To evaluate the results of tongue reconstruction with ulnar free flap and the influence on hand function following flap harvesting.Methods 15 patients with tongue cancer underwent immediate reconstruction with ulnar forearm free flap after radical resection of the neoplams.The survival rate of flap,the shape and mobility of the reconstructed tongue and mucolization of the flap were determined.The two-point discrimination of the little fingers and ring fingers of the sides was examined before and after operation.A comparision was made with 10 radial forearm flap reconstructions.Results 15 ulnar forearm flaps survived without failure.The shape and mobility and flap mucolization were satisfactory.No significant differences were found in term of two-point discrimination.Dysesthesia was present in 3/10 patients with radial flap forearm flap reconstruction on the thumbs and index fingers within 6 months.Conclusion The ulnar forearm flap is more concealed than the radial flap with more flexible textrue.Harvesting of the ulnar flap has no influence on sensation of the thumb and index fingers.We think that ulnar free flap is one of the flaps of choice for repair of tongue defects.


Background: The place of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments in clinical research trials and clinical practice as compared to more traditional clinical outcome measures such as headache intensity and frequency is unclear. Objectives: To review the current status of HRQoL measurement in migraine. Methods: A literature search was done for HRQoL and migraine. Selected articles dealing with migraine and commonly used HRQoL instruments and HRQoL measures used in recent clinical trials were reviewed. Results: Several general and migraine specific HRQoLinstruments can detect changes over time in response to at least major changes in migraine therapy. Both also show a correlation with clinical headache features. However, their sensitivity to detect clinically significant changes over time is not clear. Conclusion: The SF-36, a general HRQoLmeasure and several migraine-specific HRQoL instruments are useful endpoints for migraine clinical trials. Their role in clinical practice is yet to be established.


Beginning with a reflection on our helplessness in the face of our own discoveries about ourselves in the course of living, this paper outlines the several ways in which psychoanalysis has documented and constructed this helplessness; in turn, Freud's own writings can be read as his own 'helpless' response to early experiences. This paper offers a reading of Freud's 1907 essay, 'Creative writers and day-dreaming' as an unconscious expression of his fear of repulsion (in himself and from others), matched to a desire to seduce the reader. For Freud, though, repulsion is inescapable, for creative writing in his view is never more than foreplay. What then of writing that confronts and unsettles?


This study describes the manifestation of depression among community-dwelling elders, addressing symptoms experienced, coping strategies used, and the relative effectiveness of each strategy as perceived by the elders themselves. A modified version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to a random sample of 91 elders living in the community. The most common symptoms reported were sleep disturbance and lack of energy. The absence of pleasure, while relatively uncommon, posed a significant challenge to seniors' coping abilities. Among the coping strategies examined, respondents reported using diversion or distraction most often, followed by problem-solving and persistence. In this sample, most reported coping effectively with the symptoms they experienced. They reported that problem solving was the most effective coping strategy, and the few who relied on spiritual approaches also cited high effectiveness.


In the period from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China(1916-1928),the Civilization Drama had suffered from severe suppression and devastation in which the government power played a dominant role whilst the folk ideas could not be ignored.Therefore,it is a suppression jointly launched by the official power and folk ideas.In this paper,it is argued that the research on the Civilization Drama should pay attention not only to its breakthrough record,its transformation role and transition value in modern drama arts,but also to its historical and cultural significance.


The preliminary financial evaluation of wind farm profitability requires fast analysis of energy production and costs while having very little specific information around the project. Early in the design process, the selection of specific wind turbines and the layout design may not yet be defined. Techno-economic and financial analysis models have been developed to use input from a small set of high-level project characteristics to estimate major cost elements and energy production for a wind farm to support quick analysis of levelized cost of energy (LCoE), or other financial metrics. Such models are typically based on prior project data and/or very simple analytical models. However, as capabilities for financial analysis of wind farms advance, so does the desire to improve the accuracy of the physical and cost modelling of the system. In this work, we develop a surrogate model of Annual Energy Production (AEP) for offshore wind farms for financial analysis applications in the early stages of development. The surrogate is developed from an parameterized engineering model and covers a large potential wind farm design space addressing different technological and site conditions. The surrogate model uncovers the underlying structure in the model in terms of input-output relationships and achieves a coefficient of determination of 0.994. The method used to develop the surrogate model can be adapted for additional dimensions of inputs as needed.


Interestingly, the course of DSEB was not associated with neglect, emotional maltreatment or effortful control but there was evidence for a significant association with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder.


The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it discusses how to analyse entire regions with the help of space syntax. Secondly, it demonstrates how a main route network through and between urban areas can be calculated in Depthmap. For this purpose one can combine angular choice with metrical distance and add various radiuses on top of each other. The Randstad area as a whole serves as an example. Until recently a spatial configurative analysis of the Randstad's street and road net could be done in two ways. One of alternative required an analysis of each city, village and town separately with the help of traditional space syntax method. The other one consisted in separating the various layers of movement by drawing them manually on a map. The highway, the local street net and the main routes through cities are identified and drawn separately. Tracing the main routes manually results in two problems. One is the identification criterion for defining a street or road belonging to a main route network. Apparently, this criterion has never been singled out appropriately. Different researchers have come up with different results when tracing the main routes in the same area. The other problem touches upon the difficulty to predict economical consequences of proposed urban interventions. It is difficult to know exactly where main routes were located in the past, and it is even more difficult to know whether a new road link will function as a main route or not in the future. Hence, the method's scientific value is at stake. For it does not meet the criteria of objectivity, falsifiability, predictability and testability. Recently, Depthmap has undergone large changes. In addition calculating topological distance, metric distance and angular relationships were taken into account. These kinds of measurement were applied to the Randstad in its entirety. Furthermore, experiments with these kinds of measurements allowed for an identification of the main route net (or the middle scale net) with the help of a combination of angular choice and topological distance with radius 3 and 8. This analysis does not only highlight the main routes. It also indicates the degree of vitality of the various streets and roads belonging to a main route network. As the spatial analyses of the whole Randstad show, the ZuidAs in Amsterdam is the most integrated part. It explains as to why 90% of the foreign directed investment takes place in this area. For the rest, the highest integrated streets are on the most congested highways. On a local scale, Amsterdam centre has very high integration values on its street net in comparison with the Randstad's other towns and cities. In general, a city's degree of economical attractiveness in the Randstad depends on how it is connected to the highway system and to what extent its centres are accessible from the highway net.


Transmittance and reflectance studies have been made in the 0.83–25 μ range on GeTe films to obtain and compare the optical properties of amorphous and crystalline structures. The refractive index of crystalline GeTe films (typical value 5.5 at 1.5 μ) shows free carrier dispersion yielding optical dielectric constant=36 and plasma wavelength of 3–5.9 μ (for a corresponding carrier concentration range of 1.5–0.18×1021/cm3) from which a corresponding susceptibility mass of 0.35–0.16m is deduced. On the other hand, amorphous GeTe films exhibit no free carrier dispersion. The refractive index (typical value 4.2 at 1.5 μ), however, rises sharply at the onset of the interband transitions. This rise shifts to higher energies at lower temperatures yielding a coefficient of dEopt/dT∼−4.5×10−4 eV/deg (Eopt=absorption edge). The absorption coefficient, α, of amorphous films at all wavelengths studied is smaller than that of the crystalline films. dα/dhν(hν=photon energy) shows a maximum (defined here as the absorpti...


ABSTRACT The development of multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is mediated by increased number and activity of osteoclasts (OCs). Using an in vitro osteoclastogenesis model consisting of unstimulated and unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MM patients, we showed that T cells support the formation of OCs with longer survival. Differently in T cell-depleted MM PBMC cultures, exogenous macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were necessary to the formation of OCs, not exhibiting however longer survival. We found up-regulated production of RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL) by fresh MM T cells. Despite high OPG levels, the persistence of osteoclastogenesis can be related to the formation of the OPG/TRAIL complex demonstrated by immunoprecipitation experiments, and the addition of anti-TRAIL antibody which decreases OC formation. OCs overexpressed TRAIL decoy receptor DcR2 in the presence of MM T cells, and death receptor DR4 in T cell-depleted cultures. In addition, increased Bcl-2/Bax


Objective To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of baicalin and berberine hydrochloride contents in Qinlian Jiedu capsules.Methods ODS C_18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column was used.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05 moL·L-1KH_2PO_4-trithylamine(25∶75∶0.05),the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,and the detection wavelength was 277 nm.Results The linears in the range for Baicalin and Berberine Hydrochloride were 5.1~101.3 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),and 5.3~106.0 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),and the average recoveries(n=9) were 100.1% and 98.5%.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,which can be used for the content determination of baicalin and berberine hydrochloride in Qinlian Jiedu capsules.


In recent years there has been a growing interest in using antenna arrays at both ends of a wireless communication link. Such multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems are beneficial both in terms of providing greatly improved data rates, as well as in terms of robustness in combating errors compared to systems which use only one antenna. These benefits are obtained without requiring extra transmit power or spectral bandwidth, but come at the cost of additional processing power. In radar, multiple antenna arrays have been in use for several decades. Even so, the idea of measuring the full received electromagnetic (EM) wave for parameter estimation has been a recent one. In this dissertation, we address two issues through asymptotics: in MIMO systems, we develop insights into finite MIMO array performance by deriving precise results for asymptotically large MIMO arrays, and in radar we derive the gain from measuring the complete field over a spherical surface versus measuring only one polarization component using an equal number of sensors. First, we consider the distribution of the mutual information of a MIMO system with an uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel. We show that, as the transmit and receive array sizes tend to infinity while maintaining their ratio constant, the mutual information distribution tends to Gaussian distribution at all signal to noise ratios (SNRs), and give a closed-form expression for its mean and variance. Through simulations , we observe that the mutual information distribution of a finite MIMO system with as few as 4 array elements at either end has a variance which depends only on the ratio of the two arrays and is also closely approximated by the asymptotic distribution variance. We show that the mean of the distribution can also be approximated much closer than previously shown, and hence combined with the asymptotic variance, this yields close approximations for outage capacities. We next consider the problem of determining the best possible tradeoff between diversity and multiplexing gains in an uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel. Zheng and Tse have characterized this tradeoff in the large signal to noise ratio(SNR) limit. We apply our asymptotic results on mutual information to compute the finite SNR diversity-multiplexing tradeoffs at high outage probabilities in the range of practical interest. We show that the asymptotic results match the tradeoffs derived by Zheng and Tse only in the equal antenna MIMO array case. We then propose a linear dispersion coding scheme …


Objective: To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of Ceriops decandra. Methods: The chemical constituents of C. decandra (Griff.) W. Theob. were isolated by silica gel chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results: Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane extracts of the leaves of C. decandra has led to the isolation of 3β-E-coumaroylbetulinic acid (1), lupeol fatty acid esters (2), betulonic acid (3), betulin (4), betulinic acid (5), lupeol (6), lupenone (7), and a mixture of 3β-E-feruloyllupeol (8) and 3β-Z-feruloyllupeol (9), and chlorophyll a (10). The structures of 1-10 were identified by comparison of their NMR data with literature data. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of 1-3 from C. decandra. Literature search revealed that the triterpenes isolated from C. decandra exhibited anticancer properties.


It has much matter about justice that victim participates the sentence hearing,and the cooperation of the victim is very important to the criminal justice.In the common law countries,the sentence hearing is an unattached process in which the victim can make suggestions about the penalty through victim impact statements,even in carrying out a lawful sentence the victim's attitude must be took into account.The jurisdiction can be restricted,justice can be achieved and authority can be vindicated only if the system about victim participating in the sentence process is established and the victim's right to make suggestions about the penalty is entitled.


In the course of Genetics experiment, some improvements were conducted, such as perfecting of teacher's quality, changing of the traditional teaching contents, arrangement of designing and comprehensive experiments and improving teaching and examination methods. It is possible to promote the students' creative ability by above improvements.


Guidelines for the potential application of virtual reality technologies are presented together with suggestions for likely near term applications in the areas of shiphandling and marine operations.


In this day and age no systematic, long-term human activity can succeed without taking advantage of research and the knowledge it provides. The same is true for sports and physical activity. The contemporary role of research and academic enquiry is accurately summed up in the motto of the Report on Research in the Czech Republic for 2007 that was put together by the National Council for Research and Development:


Introduction to Immunology Innate Immunity or Non-Adaptive Immunity Introduction The Main Players The Innate Immune Response Complement Introduction The Classical Pathway The Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation The Alternative Pathway of Complement Activation Terminal Pathway Role of Complement in Health and Disease Regulation of the Complement Cascade Complement Receptors Entities of the Adaptive Immune Response: Immunogens Introduction Immunogens and Antigens Types of Antigens Factors Influencing Immunogenicity Entities of the Adaptive Immune Response: Lymphoid System Introduction Primary Lymphoid Organs Secondary Lymphoid Organs The Accessory Cells Molecules of Adaptive Immune Recognition: Antigen Recognition Receptors Introduction BcR TcR Effect of Costimulators on B and T Cell Signal Transduction Pathways Molecules of Immune Recognition: Antigen Presenting Molecules Introduction MHC Class I Molecules MHC Class II Molecules Organisation of MHC Genes Polygenism and Polymorphism in the MHC Molecules CDI The Lymphocytes Introduction The B Lymphocytes The T Lymphocytes Humoral Immunity Introduction Primary Humoral Response Secondary Humoral Response Ig Synthesis Ig Structure Classes of Antibodies Role of Ig in Immunity Ig Receptors Genetic Mechanisms of Immune Diversity Introduction V(D)J Recombination Regulation of V(D)J Recombination Somatic Hypermutation and Class Switch Recombination (CSR) Cell-Mediated Immunity Introduction Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Immune Tolerance Introduction Central Tolerance Peripheral Tolerance Tolerance Induction Transplantation Immunology Introduction Antigens Involved in Graft Rejection Allorecognition Graft Rejection GVHD Immunosuppressive Therapies Blood Transfusion Autoimmunity Introduction Interplaying Factors Triggering Factors Mechanisms of Damage Diagnosis and Treatment Hypersensitivity Introduction Hypersensitivity type I Hypersensitivity type II Hypersensitivity type III Hypersensitivity type IV Cancer and the Immune System Introduction Effectors of Anti-tumour Immunity Tumour Immune Evasion Treatment AIDS Introduction The Virus HIV and the Immune System Treatment


Introduction: Limited data exist about the safety and efficacy of repeat mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with recurrent large vessel occlusion (rLVO). Here, we present a case series examin...


The aim of professional development programs (PDP) in higher education (HE) is to transfer learning to improve the quality of education. To reduce the transfer gap we used Self-determination Theory (SDT) to study the PDP design process of 12 Ecuadorian universities focusing on the extent to which these designs took into account the Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) of autonomy, competence, and relatedness of teachers that determine their motivation to transfer. Our findings suggest PDP mainly focuses on teachers' need of competence, neglecting other essential areas that may influence transfer. Data were collected through 16 face-to-face interviews with individuals responsible for the centralized units in charge of PDP. We analyzed the data and coded it according to indicators in relation to the satisfaction or frustration of the BPN. From a quantitative perspective, our results show the following number of coded units: Autonomy frustration: 46; Autonomy-satisfaction: 50; Competence-frustration: 3; Competence-satisfaction: 48; Relatedness-frustration: 2; Relatedness-satisfaction: 1.
In autonomy-frustration, we found indicators related to the structure and organization of the PDP, indicating a top-down structure in the design process of PDP. Regarding autonomy-satisfaction, a comparable number of indicators focused mainly on needs analysis performed at the end of a PDP. We found elements in competence that may frustrate its satisfaction if faculty is not allowed to put into practice what they learned. In competence-satisfaction, we found substantial efforts to facilitate teaching new learning to faculty members in areas of pedagogy and research. In relatedness-frustration we found few indicators, showing a lack of accompaniment during the transfer process after the conclusion of PDP.
These results lead the authors to propose a model based on SDT to assist in the design process of PDP to improve transfer of learning. To support autonomy it is essential for faculty members to understand the new knowledge presented to them for professional growth. We suggest the promotion of initiatives that allow faculty to internalize their new knowledge by active involvement in the design process through activities such as: participation in the needs analysis, explication of reasons behind the presentation of new knowledge, comprehension of how it could affect their career, etc. To foster the need of competence there should be a positive perception on the learner to be able to encounter the complex academic environment, allowing an adequate application of what was learned. In view of an effective transfer of learning the academic staff require extra reinforcement from the institution. In this sense, theory over practice, and lack of feedback may hinder the need of competence in the learner. This study would like to highlight the lack of support to the need of relatedness particularly after the conclusion of PDP. In this line, we recommend accompaniment during the transfer process even when the PDP has ended. Activities such as feedback, peer assessment, positive reinforcement, etc., should be considered in the design of PDP. Finally, we emphasize the inclusion of elements from all the BPN to motivate academic staff to successfully transfer new learning.
In conclusion, we propose SDT and the satisfaction of the BPN as a new theoretical framework to design PDP that foster motivation in academic staff for a successful transfer of learning
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Bus often has been hard to use for beginners. This is partly because utilization method for bus is different from area to area, and this variousness causes confusion in beginners because the various utilization method for bus is not well known for the users. There is need to provide information guidance for allowing anybody to easily use. However little is known about local patterns of utilization method and information guidance. Therefore the questionnaire survey to bus companies was carried out. The authors examined the relationships between utilization method, information guidance for bus and regional characteristics. These regional characteristics were quantitatively-analyzed by test of independence.我が国における路線バスは、はじめて利用する路線やそもそも普段からバスの利用に慣れていない方にとってはしばしば使いにくい公共交通機関となってしまっている。その原因の一つとして、バスの乗り方にはローカル性が存在することが考えられる。さらに、バスの利用に関する基本的な情報をはじめこの多様化した乗り方については必ずしも十分に案内されているとは言い難い状況にあるなど、公共交通機関として、誰にでも利用しやすくわかりやすいバス利用環境の創出が求められている。そこで本研究では、全国のバス事業者を対象にアンケート調査を実施することで全国のバスの乗り方の状況について把握し、さらに路線バスの乗り方並びに案内内容と地域性の関係を明らかにした。


This book is the report of a symposium on dyslexia with a postconference review supplement. The symposium, which convened at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions last year, had participants well qualified to speak for their respective disciplines. They were concerned, among other factors, with dyslexia as a neurologically based phenomenon, perceptual difficulty, and dysfunction of the interpretive integration. The symposium was deliberately organized at the level of basic research rather than clinical orientation. This procedure has naturally limited, to a degree, the usefulness of the book to those who are generally concerned with research on dyslexia. It is of considerable importance to be aware of the different and confusing senses in which the concept of dyslexia is employed by the various participants; to mention a few: specific dyslexia, congenital dyslexia, congenital word-blindness, and strephosymbolia. Also, there are more questions as to the validity of claims than there is agreement of


This paper mainly searches for and discusses the idea source and theory formation of knowledge-based economy in economics?managical science and sociological science perspective.


In continuation of the three previous reports on the seasonal abundance of the pelagic young of teleostean fishes (Russell, 1930, 1935 and 1936) the corresponding data for the year 1936 can now be given. These are published in the same form as in the previous reports to which reference should be made. The dates on which the collections were taken are given in Table I and the monthly average catches for the young fish in Table II. No observations were available between October 12th and December 16th, but this does not materially affect comparison with other years because normally the young fish present at that time of year are very few in number


Qualitative evaluations of a new curriculum can be very informative, particularly about the effects on student achievement and retention rates. There is, however, a great deal of information that this type of program assessment fails to reveal about the reasons a program is successful (or unsuccessful). In this study, we report the results a yearlong examination of the effects of an organic laboratory course on students' perceptions about what they were learning and why, and the roles of the instructor and the students in the course. Students enrolled in experimental sections of an open-ended, project-based organic chemistry course were compared with others who were enrolled in a more conventional "cookbook" laboratory course. Students were videotaped, interviewed, and asked to complete open-ended questionnaire forms. Those who were enrolled in the experimental lab sections were more likely to view the lab as a place to experiment and make mistakes, while those in the conventional sections were more likel...


Correlations between various neonatal parameters, especially placental parameters and head circumference in normal term infants have been studied, in view of the alleged correlations between head circumference and brain development. Placenlal weight, placental DNA (cell number) and placental protein were all well correlated with each other. It was found that, on a statistical basis, an infant from a heavier placenta is also likely to have a larger neonatal head circumference


We consider the case, when some smallest and largest observations are missing. In this situation we construct the Minimum Variance Linear unbiased Estimators for location and scale parameters.


Pulp and paper mills generate wastewater with high organic content expressed in chemical oxygen demand (COD). The organic material can be converted into biogas/methane at the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) through an anaerobic process. Besides being used to improve the quality of wastewater, WWTP can also produce energy. This study aimed to develop a model of the wastewater treatment process using the principles of COD balance and carrying out energy recovery. Model development started from COD balance analysis, energy potential calculation, and wastewater treatment process system design with a closed system to fulfill energy independently. The calculation was based on waste volume of 2,500 m 3 /day which can produce 1,313 kg of methane (1,970 m 3 ) equal to 4,398.25 kg COD. By-product in the form of primary sludge was 19,897 kg equal to 3,979 kg of COD containing 2,250 kg of solids equal to 404.84 kg of COD. The resulting effluent has a COD content of 638.37 kg/day equal to  255.35 mg/l and still below the regulatory threshold of 350 mg/l. Methane gas and primary sludge are used as fuel for boiler to generate total actual steam of 43,105 kg/day. The produced energy is able to meet the needs of steam and electricity of WWTP at 773 kg/day and electricity of 1,290 kW respectively with an excess of 827 kW (64.12% surplus). Keywords: anaerobic process, COD, energy recovery, self-sufficient energy, pulp and paper mill


ABSTRACT. The sexual response of a Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. male towards a decoy consisting of a dead male dosed with synthetic sex pheromone, was depressed by the presence of the cuticular lipids of the decoy male. However, addition of a C24 paraffin, not normally found on or in the cuticle of male or female G.m.morsitans, to a decoy male from which cuticular lipids were removed had a similar effect. Addition of either the C24 paraffin or an extract of male cuticular lipids to decoy females which possess natural sex pheromone in their cuticles, again depressed the sexual responses of males towards the decoys. The n‐hexane solvent used in the application of compounds to decoys, itself depressed responses towards natural pheromone on a dead female at volumes in excess of 100μl, presumably because it mixed the surface waxes which masked the pheromone. Occlusion experiments implied that sex pheromone receptors are present on both the tarsi and tibiae of the male. No evidence was found for the existence of a specific mating deterrent on or in the cuticle of male G.m. morsitans.


According to the recently proposed Marionette Paradigm, a specimen is suspended for vibration testing with fly beams integrated into a single hierarchy (a generali zed whiffle tree), suspended from one external location. This support subjects the specimen to mechanical conditions truly equivalent to floating in weightlessness, enabling the testing of free-free structural res ponses. In addition to its mechanical simplicity, this passive gravity compensation scheme is also characterized by high imperfection tolerance, compatibility with up to medium scale kinematics, as well as little or negligible response interference, especially for heavy and compact specimens. However, the lower the weight and the larger the dimensions of the tested structure are, the more significant the inertial impact of the fly beam masses — and the more significant some second order stiffness effects — become. These penalties are considered in the present work with special attention paid to the testing of linear structures such as booms and long trusses. Presented is a new form of the suspension weight chart to aid the rapid assessment of the gross weight penalty in the support of linear specimens. Geometric support stiffnesses which are important for compliant structures are examined with earlier approximations abandoned; fly beam fulcrum and specimen anchor point offset s are both discussed. Via formal mathematical insight into how they influence vibration response, geometr ic stiffness effects are seen to generally diminish within the hierarchy faster than inertial pollution.


Kriging techniques for interpolating spatial phenomena have recently been applied by soil scientists to map soil properties in heterogeneous field. A fundamental component of these techniques is the variogram which has to be estimated experimentally. A method to design an optimal sampling network for estimation of the variogram is proposed. Using a constant number of pairs of points (Np) per lag class, the criterion for selecting the location of the sampling points is the uniformity of the values of the lag vector, h, within a given lag class, for each of the lag classes which cover the field domain. For a given sample size, N, the method provides a set of scaling factors which in turn is used to calculate the new locations of the sampling points by an iterative procedure. Using the aforementioned criterion, the best set of the sampling points is selected. Analysis of the results showed that by using the proposed method, the variability of h within a given lag class, as well as the variability of h among the lag classes, was considerably reduced relative to the situation where the original locations were used. The method was found to be sensitive to both N and Np as well as to the initial locations of the points. The effect of the method on the estimation of the variogram was tested using simulated realizations of a twodimensional stationary and isotropic field. The results for fifty different realizations showed that the variograms which had been estimated from data generated on the coordinates of the sampling points provided by the method were smoother and fitted the theoretical variograms better than those which were estimated from data generated on the original coordinates of the sampling points. When only the smaller lag classes were considered, the differences between the two sets of the variograms become smaller. Additional Index Words: kriging techniques, spatial variability, geostatistics. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 4 then click button8


Potassium chloride causes an increase in the general tone and tonus waves and may cause a disappearance of the contractions in the excised terrapin auricles. The strength of potassium necessary to produce this change varies in different auricles but the average found for 55 experiments was 0.22 per cent. The results with calcium chloride were so variable that no deductions could be drawn. No antagonistic action but rather a synergistic action exists between potassium chloride and calcium chloride upon the general tone and tonus waves in the auricles of terrapin. Epinephrin in proper doses causes a disappearance of the general tone and tonus waves aroused by potassium chloride alone or in combination with calcium chloride, causes a reappearance of the contractions if they have disappeared and increases the rate and the strength of contractions when still present.


A quantum state feedback control method is proposed in this paper. The state of a two-level open quantum system is estimated online based on the continuous weak measurement and the compressed sensing theory. Based on the state estimated online and the Lyapunov stability theorem, the state feedback control law used to transfer the quantum state is designed. Moreover, three numerical simulation experiments are implemented in the MATLAB environment: the state transfer from eigenstates to eigenstates, superposition states to superposition states, and superposition states to mixed states. The experimental results verify high performance of the proposed feedback control based on the state estimated online.


Hand-drawn symbols can take many different and distorted shapes from their ideal representation. Then, very flexible methods are needed to be able to handle unconstrained drawings. We propose to extend our previous work in hand-drawn symbol recognition based on a Bayesian framework and deformable template matching. This approach has enough flexibility to fit distorted shapes in the drawing while keeping fidelity to the ideal shape of the symbol. We define the similarity measure between an image and a symbol based on the distance from every pixel in the image to the lines in the symbol. Matching is carried out using an implementation of the EM algorithm. Thus, we can improve recognition rates and computation time with respect to our previous formulation based on a simulated annealing algorithm.


Hypersonic flight vehicles as e.g. space transportation systems are designed as delta wings. The ELAC configuration was designed as such a transport system for future orbital missions. Its first stage is a lifting-body system, which carries a second orbital stage up to an altitude of ~30 km at Ma∞ = 7. At positive angles of attack flow separates near to these leading edges and generates vortices at the leeward side of the wing. The flow at the leeward side of the wing in supersonic flow is subject of this investigation. First a combination of oil-flow pattern and Vapour-Screen is applied to obtain quantitative results about the flow field. Oil flow pattern show a "fingerprint" of the flow near to the body surface. Its structure indicates separation lines and the areas of reattachment of the flow. In addition to this the Vapour-Screen method shows vortices in the flow field. Combining both methods qualitative results are obtained as shown in figure 1a. The upper part of figure 1a describes a front view of the Vapour-Screen. The dark area indicates the primary vortex, which is caused by flow separation near to the leading edge. A top view on the wing is shown in the lower part of Figure 1a. Flow separation near the leading edge and reattachment of the flow at the left hand side can clearly be seen. Understanding of the flow phenomena allows an appropriate design of quantitative measurement techniques as for example Particle-Image-Velocimetry. This technique is being used to gain also quantitative information about the velocity distribution in the flow field. Light-sheets are adjusted in main flow direction. A combination of the results from a set of measurements in parallel and perpendicular planes leads to a dataset containing all velocity components in the three-dimensional flow field. The spatial development of leading edge vortices can be therefore described. Figure 1b shows the x-component of vorticity, which was computed out of the measured velocities. Four planes in downstream direction depict the vorticity distribution perpendicular to the free stream direction. The applied experimental techniques are also used for validation of results from numerical simulation.


Glasses of a model smectic liquid crystal-forming molecule, itraconazole, were prepared by vapor deposition onto substrates with temperatures ranging from Tsubstrate = 0.78Tg to 1.02Tg, where Tg (=330 K) is the glass transition temperature. The films were characterized using X-ray scattering techniques. For Tsubstrate near and below Tg, glasses with layered smectic-like structures can be prepared and the layer spacing can be tuned by 16% through the choice of Tsubstrate. Remarkably, glasses prepared with Tsubstrate values above Tg exhibit levels of structural organization much higher than that of a thermally annealed film. These results are explained by a mechanism based upon a preferred molecular orientation and enhanced molecular motion at the free surface, indicating that molecular organization in the glass is independent of the anchoring preferred at the substrate. These results suggest new strategies for optimizing molecular packing within active layers of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices.


Nucleon irradiation of metallic solid solutions may lower their resistivity by changing the degree of randomness (tendency to order or to cluster) or by a change of elastic moduli. Measurements of resistivity of brasses containing 10, 20, and 30% zinc have been performed at room temperature, at 80°K and at 4°K. The alloys were irradiated in a reactor at +50°C and at 80°K. It appears that the results can be best interpreted in terms of the formation of lattice defects upon low temperature exposure and increase of short‐range order upon irradiation at +50°C. The change of residual resistivity is negative while the change of resistivity due to thermal scattering is positive for the samples irradiated at +50°C. The former depends upon irradiation flux and upon annealing time in a different manner from the latter. Short‐range order appears to be produced also by proper heat treatment.


The invention relates to polymer particles containing active agents, comprising a vinyl polymer of 10- 80 wt. % of monomers comprising amino and/or carboxyl groups, insoluble in a part of the pH range from 0- 10 and soluble in another part range, characterised in that said polymer particles, containing active agents, comprise 3- 1000 parts of active agent per part of vinyl polymer, with a particle size in the range 20nm - 8m and the vinyl polymer is made up of > 50 wt. % of polymers with a molecular weight of < 100,000 Daltons.


Societies need regulation of human behaviour and human social interaction if they want to maintain a system of ordered relationships and, thus, to survive and prosper. Inevitably, it raises the question of who regulates what, when, how, and why on the basis of what title, at what costs, and with what consequences. In modern soci- eties, which are complex systems, an important role is played by state regulation, which may be more or less permissive or restrictive. In any case, it is a source of tensions and conflicts in society. Yet, permissive state regulation is preferable to restrictive. The rea- son is that by encouraging spontaneity, i.e. individual freedom and self-regulation, al- beit within a stable framework of general ex ante rules, it positively contributes to pros- perity and development and reduces non-compliance with government-made formal rules, such as second economy activity. Sociologický casopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2002, Vol. 38, No. 3: 311-325


The invention discloses a large simulation test acoustic emission device for a multi field coupling coal mine dynamic disaster, and the device comprises a test piece box body, wherein the box body is provided with a probe mounting hole; a plug is welded at one end, which is near the inner cavity of the box body, of the probe mounting hole; one end, which is far away from the box body, of the probe mounting hole is provided with a first bolt in a matching manner; the outer side of the plug is provided with an acoustic source probe; a spring is subjected to press fitting between the acoustic source probe and the end surface of the first bolt; the first bolt is provided with a first axial through hole; a second bolt is arranged in the first axial through hole in a matching manner; the secondbolt is provided with a second axial through hole; and a circumscribed lead of the acoustic source probe is led out from the first axial through hole and the second axial through hole. According to the large simulation test acoustic emission device, the time-spatial revolution rule of the acoustic emission signal of the coal-rock mass before and after the coal mine dynamic disaster happens can bemonitored so as to achieve the purposes of researching internal relation among a stress field, a seepage field, a temperature field and a fracture field and the mutually-coupling action mechanism in the coal mine dynamic disaster process.


A mobile offshore drilling unit is described. The mobile offshore drilling unit comprises an operation deck supported above a diving deck by four or more than four columns. The diving deck can be a float deck or a pad type deck. In operation, the ratio of water discharge mount of the mobile offshore drilling unit to the total cross section area of the columns is at least about 40 metric tons/square meter. Two ends of the diving deck are respectively provided with a recess. A propeller unit is disposed in each recess. Propellers in the propeller unit are in a staggering arrangement in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction.


Prospects for the creation of fractal radio systems and fractal devices for various purposes are considered. Physical approaches to fractal capacitor and fractal impedances design are presented. For the purpose of technical implementation of fractal radio electronics methods it is necessary to have the new elements base which allows processing signals in the fractional measure space and simulating fractal objects and processes which have the dynamics following the differential equations of fractional order. Promising elements of fractal radio electronics are also functional elements whose fractal impedances are realized basing on the conductors fractal geometry on a surface (fractal nanostructures) and in space (fractal antennas), fractal geometry of substrates surface microrelief and so on. The research is carried out within the framework of new scientific direction "Fractal Radio Physics and Fractal Radio Electronics: Design of Fractal Radio Systems", offered and developed in IREE RAS (middle of 80th XX).


The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce whole or portions of it should be directed to the Communications Unit of the Cities Alliance Secretariat at the address shown above. The Cities Alliance encourages active dissemination of its work. Permission to reproduce will normally be given promptly and, when the reproduction is for non commercial purposes, without asking for a fee.


The present invention relates to a renovating tyre surface rubber composition with improved heat conduction performance and abrasive resistance and used for renovating tyres, in particular to the renovating tyre surface rubber composition with the improved heat conduction performance and abrasive resistance and used for renovating tyres characterized by adding the carbon black with the excellent heat conduction performance and the environment friendly silicon dioxide in the rubber raw materials to improve the heat conduction performance, thereby shortening the vulcanizing time, preventing the heat aging during a vulcanizing process, reducing the abrasion and improving the abrasive resistance. The renovating tyre surface rubber composition for renovating tyres of the present invention is characterized by adding the conductive carbon black in the rubber raw materials.


The Spin-dependent Generalized Collective Model, derived from a linearized collective Schrodinger equation in quadrupole coordinates, describes nuclei with spin 3/2 in the ground state. In this paper, we extend this model to arbitrary half-integer spins and apply it to even-odd nuclei with spins 1/2 and 5/2.


Pediatricians must do more to protect the next generation of children from the consequences of obesity before it's too late.


There are three different curricula regarding the readings of the Qur'ân (qiraat) in the World, which are qiraat sab' (the seven readings), ashara sughra (the little ten), and ashara kubra (the big ten). Since the first one is already involved in the last one, in some countries the instruction from the very beginning is initiated with the last one (ashara sughra). One of those that prefer this way is; Turkey. Hence, the method of qiraat sab' as a separate way is not followed. For this, there exist two instruction methods of readings of the Qur'ân in Turkey. "Ashara (ashara sughra)" and "taqrib (ashara kubra)". While the work "al-Tayseer fi al-qiraat al-sab'" by Abu 'Amr al-Dani (d. 444/1053) and "Takhbeer al-tayseer" by Ibn al-Jazari (d. 833/1429) is considered in the instruction of ashara, three works titled "al-Nashr fi al-qiraat al-ashr", "Tayyibat al-nashr fi al-qiraat al ashr", and "Taqrib al-nashr fi al-qiraat al-ashr", all compiled by Ibn al-Jazari, are pivotal in the taqrib program. The reason why this second program is called "taqrib" is due to the third work of Ibn al-Jazari which is just mentioned. In this article, we have tried to analyse both ways of instruction. In doing so, we will examine the methods of two ways, that of ashara soghra and of taqrib, and then investigate, along with some examples, whether the two ways are consistent and coherent in terms of resource utilisation. Thus, we will have demonstrated the apparently troublesome aspects of the leading way followed in our country. In addition, we will try suggesting a sound point of view to disciples of qiraat by offering a new method for each of both ways.


A rise in liver glucose 6-phosphatase activity in rats which are made alloxan-diabetic or which are fasted has been reported (Ashmore, Hastings & Nesbett, 1954; Weber & Cantero, 1954; Langdon & Weakley, 1955). Because these and other investigations of the effects ofhypophysectomy (Harper & Young, 1959) have shown that the food intake of the animals may greatly affect the glucose 6phosphatase concentration in the liver, some effects of alterations in the diet, both in quantity and in composition, on liver glucose 6-phosphatase have been investigated. A preliminary account of some of these observations has already been published (Harper, 1956).


Ruminant urine deposition onto pasture creates hot-spots where emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) are produced by aerobic and anaerobic microbial pathways. However, limited measurements of in situ soil oxygen (O₂)–N₂O relationships hinder the prediction of N₂O emissions from urine-affected soil. This study tested whether soil O₂ concentration or relative diffusivity of O₂ (Dₚ/DO) could explain N₂O emissions from urine patches. Using a randomized plot design, N₂O emissions were measured daily from a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture for 56 d following bovine (Bos taurus) urine deposition to an imperfectly drained silty loam soil. Soil O₂, volumetric water content, pH, conductivity, and extractable N and C were measured in urine-amended and non-amended soil. Values of water-filled pore space (WFPS) and DP/DO were modeled. When data from treatments were pooled together, daily mean DP/DO explained 73% of the total variance in mean daily N₂O flux, compared with 65, <60, and <20% for WFPS, O₂ and other measured variables, respectively. Soil pH, O₂, volumetric water content, WFPS and DP/DO all explained more of the variance in the urine-amended compared with the non-amended soil. Daily N₂O fluxes increased substantially at DP/DO values around 0.006, which was consistent with past laboratory studies. These results demonstrate for the first time an O₂ diffusion threshold for elevated N₂O fluxes in the field, expressed as DP/DO ≈ 0.006. Further studies should examine the consistency of this threshold under varying N and C substrates and a range of soil pH.


The purpose of the study is to evаluаte the effect of fibers on the bending strength of fine-grаined concrete sаmples. The results of experimentаl studies of polypropylene аnd bаsаlt fibers for dispersion reinforcement of concrete аre considered. The strength chаrаcteristics of fiber concrete of different compositions hаve been determined. The regulаrities of the influence of fiber type аnd concentrаtion on the strength chаrаcteristics of fiber concrete аre reveаled. The results of determining the bending strength of fine-grаined fiber concrete without аdding fiber (control composition) аnd with the аddition of polypropylene fiber 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5% of the weight of cement аnd bаsаlt 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5% of the weight of cement аre presented. It is shown thаt the optimаl limits of the introduction of polypropylene fiber in the mixture of fine-grаined concrete cаn be considered 0.5 % by weight of cement. The introduction of bаsаlt fiber in the mixture of fine-grаined concrete in аn аmount of 0.1 % of the weight of cement cаn increаse the bending tensile strength.


Forage production was determined for the gramineae Brachiaria dictyoneura, B. brizantha (cv. Toledo) and B. ruziziensis x B. brizantha (cv. Mulato) as monocrops as well as in association with the legume Arachis pintoi. Experimental design was completely random blocks with four replications. Measured variables included forage dry matter production, growth rate, botanical and morphological composition, tiller density, and tiller weight. Cumulative forage production was higher (P<0.05) among the gramineae monocrop treatments (average = 15,498 kg DM ha-1) than among the gramineae + A. pintoi associations (average = 10,745 kg DM ha-1). The lowest growth rates occurred during the dry season (9 kg DM ha-1 d-1 for A. pintoi, 12 kg B. dictyoneura + A. pintoi), and the highest during the early rainy season (80 kg for cv. Toledo, 71 kg DM ha-1 d-1 for B. dictyoneura). Leaf percentage was high in all treatments with an overall average of 65 % during the northwind season, 57 % for the dry season and 62 % during the rainy season. Overall average botanical composition in the association treatments was 62 % gramineae and 26 % legume, considered as adequate proportions for a grass-legume association pasture. Tiller density was highest for B. dictyoneura (1262 m-2) and its association (1231 m-2). Tiller weight was highest in the cv. Toledo monocrop (1513 mg tiller-1) and lowest in the B. dictyoneura monocrop (449 mg tallo-1). The best forage production in the gramineae-legume associations was obtained with B. dictyoneura + A. pintoi because it had the highest overall average legume proportion (35 %).


Interleukin (IL)-1β, an anti-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in the onset of inflammation-associated disease. We examined the suppressive effects of a total of 39 synthetic or natural compounds on dextran sulfate sodium-induced IL-1β production in murine peritoneal macrophages. Several compounds, including α-tocopherol, gallic acid, (−)-catechin and rutin, were found to be highly effective for attenuating IL-1β production, suggesting that they would be useful for anti-inflammatory application.


Various results in economical and financial literature are built without taking into consideration market frictions. For instance, many of the well-known results on asset return structures and distributions do not involve the transaction costs. However any investor is aware that the indexes or market quotes, on which these distributions are based on, do not actually reflect the portfolio return itself if she really closes her position. It means that having at disposal an asset return distribution reflecting the effect of transaction costs may be a valuable and realistic tool in investment management. Our purpose in this work is to show how the available classical results on the asset change distributions can be converted into results on the structure and asset return distributions taking into account the transaction costs. We consider here transaction costs defined by piecewise and affine function, which are really applied by various brokerage firms in Europe. For a given asset, we will derive the structure, moments, distribution functions of the corresponding P&L, return and Loss. The cases of asset return modeled by a Normal Gaussian and Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) are considered as illustrative examples. The NIG is especially of interest since it is characterized by the first four moments, on which care are given in many risk management applications.


The atmospheres of close-in extrasolar planets absorb most of the incident stellar radiation, advect this energy, then reradiate photons in preferential directions. Those photons carry away momentum, applying a force on the planet. Here we evaluate the resulting secular changes to the orbit, known as the Yarkovsky effect. For known transiting planets, typical fractional changes in semimajor axis are about 1% over their lifetime, but could be up to ~5% for close-in planets such as OGLE-TR-56b or inflated planets such as TrES-4. We discuss the origin of the correlation between semimajor axis and surface gravity of transiting planets in terms of various physical processes, finding that radiative thrusters are too weak by about a factor of 10 to establish the lower boundary that causes the correlation.


In order to improve the accuracy of the measurement algorithm for traffic matrix,a novel traffic matrix measurement algorithm with compressive sensing is proposed.This algorithm gets the judge gate by the principal components analysis and normalization of singular value.To reduce the measurement error created by approximation of sparse express and inaccurate choice of sparsity,we use L2 formulation of residual error to match the sparsity in the process of reconstitution of the traffic matrix on each time of measurement.Simulation results show that,this algorithm can obtain less spatial relative error and temporal relative error compared with the existing algorithm.With the help of adaptive selection for initial value of sparsity,this algorithm can obtain a higher accuracy.


To sustain high growth, it will be essential to pursue reforms to make the economy more competitive and the economic regulatory and oversight systems more efficient and sensitive to new developments. Creating independent socio-economic pouches like suburbs areas and villages within cities. "Rurban", the new society is emerging quickly. The vision of Rurbanisation is to reduce and remove the rural-urban divide through combination of urban prototypes and services in rural systems to ensure provision of excellent lifestyles and livelihood opportunity while keeping the essential rural essence intact. The concept centres around development of global villages that safeguard and foster the essence of rural community life without compromising on amenities perceived to be essentially urban in nature; thus creating tainted 'rurban' forms. A process of rural alteration that encourages differential growth pattern, the concept is not exploitative but regenerative and stimulating optimistically influencing people and environment and encouraging a thoughtful and economic consumption of resources. Rurbanisation combines traditional knowledge and practices with modern technology and is a distributive and participatory procedure bringing about cascading changes in the lifestyles of its participants.


The invention discloses a sewage treatment system used in the medical field. The sewage treatment system comprises an MBR membrane filter tank, a mixed disinfection tank and a delivery pipeline, wherein the MBR membrane filter tank is used for conducting membrane filtration treatment on sewage, the mixed disinfection tank is used for conducting ozone disinfection on the sewage and communicated with the MBR membrane filter tank, the delivery pipeline is used for sewage circulation and communication of the MBR membrane filter tank and the mixed disinfection tank, a sewage inlet pipe of the delivery pipeline is communicated with the MBR membrane filter tank, and a sewage outlet pipe of the delivery pipeline is communicated with the mixed disinfection tank. The sewage firstly passes through the MBR membrane filter tank for filtering solid particles, and then passes through the mixed disinfection tank for sterilization, so that the arrangement not only can ensure the solid-liquid separation for the sewage to enable a water body to be clear, but also can effectively and thoroughly eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the water body to enable the sewage filtering effect and sterilization effect of the sewage treatment system to be very significant.


MMS is a sophisticated multimedia messaging service which can be used to send all forms of multimedia messages. MMS can also be used to stream audio and video files in mobile environment. In this paper, we propose the architecture, algorithm and mobile streaming system application to support a mobile telemedicine system using MMS technology. With the developed system, the doctor can perform the diagnosis without the need for staying at the hospital. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system performs better compared to the conventional MMS for streaming audio and video files.