According to the features of forest products and the defects of forest products e-commerce web site,a set of synthesis evaluation index system has been established,including 3 indexes of first class and 14 indexes of second class;the indexes' weight were calculated by using AHP,in the hope which will be a clear guide to similar e-commerce web site construction.The results show that the sum of three index weights of product information,information integration,standardization of product quality measurement accounted for 56% of the total,the forestry enterprises in the process of establishing e-commerce web sites should emphasize a consideration for these 3 factors.


The authors propose a digital temperature compensated crystal oscillator (D-TCXO) which uses delta modulation for frequency compensation to reduce the frequency compensation information to one bit of data length (which is a minimum unit of digital information) per sampling temperature point. The method applies the delta modulation technique for encoding and decoding the frequency compensation information with respect to temperature changes. A prototype D-TCXO has been produced in order to prove the effectiveness of the method. The theory and experimental results agree with each other, and it has been confirmed that the proposed method is effective.<<ETX>>


New results on the production of charged kaons in Sulphur‐Tungsten interactions have been obtained by the WA85 Collaboration. We present mt spectra for K+ and K− particles and the ratio <K+≳/<K−≳ calculated in the kinematic region pt≥0.9 GeV/c and 2.3≤ylab≤3.0.


Abstract Acid copper plating on mild steel metallic foil is very difficult due to the galvanic displacement reaction of copper on mild steel. This can be avoided by using a suitable complexing agent. The present investigation deals with the electrodeposition of copper from non-cyanide electrolytes using glycerol as complexing agent in an alkaline medium in the presence of gelatin, anisaldehyde, imidazole and peptone as additives. These additives influence the morphology of the deposited copper films by reducing the grain size, ensuring smoothness and brightness of the films. The additives also improve the throwing power of the depositing electrolytes. The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained for the electrodeposited copper film shows a polycrystalline and face centred cubic structure. The crystal size of the copper film was calculated using Debye Scherrer's formula. A uniform and pin hole free surface morphology was observed under SEM, which revealed the grain refining brought about by the additives.


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of some plant growth regulators on the germination and seedling growth of Wasabia japonica Matsum seeds. The seeds were soaked in different concentration of indolacetic acid(LAA), indolbutyric acid(IBA), , Benzyladenine(BA) and kinetin, and the germination percent, the average germination day and the growth of seedlings were measured. The seeds were released from dormancy and the germination percent was considerably increased when the seedcoat was removed. BA and kinetin were effective in breaking the dormancy, but LAA and IBA were not effective. , BA and kinetin were more effective in accelerating germination of dormancy seed than . The applications of BA combined with l00ppm showed higher germination percent than that of BA alone within the range 50ppm and 100ppm. Root, hypocotyl and petiol of seedling overgrew by the application of . But effects of BA and kinetin were good on seedling growth compared with those of . Therefore, BA and kinetin could be use for dormancy breaking of seed instead of .


In order to establish the next-generation reactor physics calculation method based on the numerical nuclear reactor technology and realize high-fidelity modeling and calculation, a new numerical nuclear reactor neutronics code SHARK is developed. The code is based on the direct transport method with construct solid geometry (CSG) method, advanced subgroup resonance method, direct transport MOC method in rectangle and hexagonal geometry, large-scale parallel, and CMFD acceleration method. The C5G7, macro BEAVRS and VERA benchmarks are verified to show the accuracy of the code and method. Numerical results show good accuracy and calculation performance of SHARK, and the direct transport method can be adopted on numerical nuclear reactor calculation.


Increasing demands on positioning accuracy and throughput in high-tech motion systems leads to a situation where structural deformations are no longer negligible and need to be compensated for. This, in combination with a practical inability to measure directly at the position where performance is required, creates an inferential control problem where standard single degree-of-freedom (DOF) controllers are incapable of obtaining the required performance. The aim of this paper is twofold; to show that the single DOF controller structure is indeed inadequate and propose a method that is capable of dealing with complicated inferential control problems. The proposed method extends the single DOF controller structure with an augmented observer in an intuitive fashion. Finally, the method is applied to a lightweight motion system showing that it is capable of dealing with structural deformations in an inferential control problem.


This paper considers the implications of structural test for analog and mixed signal (analog and digital) circuits and describes fault simulation software suitable for investigating a variety of test methods. Results from simulation investigations of dynamic supply current test are presented and compared with results obtained for real circuits. In both cases the results indicate increased fault coverage and reliability benefits. The dynamic supply current monitoring equipment used to implement the hardware test is described.


The properity of national economy is detemined by the reform of SOE with 20 years' reform has not extricated SOE from their predicament. Because the shift of the government's function and it's auxiliary reforms lag behind and also because SOE themselves lack originality. The key to the settlenent of reform problems of SOE lies in speeding up the reform of income distribution systems and establishing a new income distributing mechanisms which are compatible with a modern enterprise system. Some stock rights of profit of——on a new distribution system assign the design and operation that are made to do simple introduction in this text.


The performance of alkylthiolanium-based ionic liquid,S-pentylthiolanium bis(trifluoromethane sulfon) imide(T5TFSI) used in electrolyte of Li-ion battery was researched,the effects of additives vinylene carbonate(VC) and γ-butyrolacton(GBL) were analyzed.When adding 10% VC or GBL into 0.4 mol/L lithium N,N-bis(trifluoromethane sulfon) imide(LiTFSI)/T5TFSI,the initial specific discharge capacity of the battery could reach to 150 mAh/g at 0.1 C.When w(VC)≤10%,the initial specific discharge capacity of the battery increased and the cycle stability improved with the increasing of w(VC).When adding 10% GBL,the coulombic efficiency was nearly 100% at 0.1 C,the capacity retention rate was 60% after 100 cycles at 0.1 C.


Columella, Roman agronomist, De Re Rustica, Book V around the basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Here the ancient Greeks and Romans created a culinary culture that flourished for centuries, continuing into modern times. The ancient Greeks, for example, used the oil expressed from olives as their main source of fat because they considered fat derived from animals to be an unhealthy food. Olive oil entered its golden age with the Greek culture, which held the olive tree (Olea europaea) sacred and used the miracle of its oil in an incredible variety of ways: as a food, skin emollient, preservative, perfume, and adornment, as well as a cure for heart ailments. The Mediterranean culture integrates the past with the present through the beneficial properties associated with the traditional Mediterranean diet and lifestyle. Although 20 neighboring countries are considered to be part of the Mediterranean region, their populations vary in culture, religion, ethnicity, economics, and other factors that can influence


Been shown to bind to the biogenic amine transporters, provides substituted pyrrolidines may be synthesized by the procedure based on the chiral diphosphine rhodium catalyst. Compositions consisting of substituted pyrrolidines, can be used to treat central nervous system disorders such as schizophrenia.


Mark Valencia here provides a framework for developing multilateral regional maritime policy co-ordination in North-East Asia. The Maritime Region for North-East Asia is the first in-depth study applying international relations theory to maritime regime formation in North-East Asia, and the author is the first to propose detailed designs and characteristics for such regimes.


A number of authors have emphasized the critical need for an interdisciplinary team approach to effectively address the complex needs surrounding the head injured patient. Reports frequently form the single most important communication on assessment and progress within rehabilitation for the interdisciplinary team. However, despite this, interdisciplinary reports are often not written or compiled in a way that is useful to clinicians, managers or patients. The following article provides the format and procedures for an interdisciplinary report and discusses some of the difficulties with its implementation.


To the Editor: By definition and convention, a seizure is a single event of disturbed neurologic function, affecting motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic function, caused by excessive synchronized firing of neurons. Epilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. In both medical and scientific parlance, the term seizure disorder is often used synonymously with epilepsy. It is now time to eliminate the nonspecific term seizure disorder and use epilepsy exclusively when referring to the condition of recurrent seizures. What's the big deal? Why make a big issue out of what might seem to be a minor variance in language? The primary reason is semantic precision. The word epilepsy should be followed by a more elaborate characterization. Is the epilepsy idiopathic or symptomatic? Is there a definable syndrome?, etc. Conversely, seizure disorder is an imprecise term that tells us nothing about the seizure type(s), age distribution, heritability, best treatment options, and other clinically important features. In my view, using the term seizure disorder is no more useful than using the term cancer disorder; without specifying the tumor type, location, pathology, stage, etc., we learn nothing about the patient or the disease. This plea to ban the term seizure disorder is not an original one. In a 1996 editorial commentary in Epilepsia, Benbadis and Lüders made a similar case, for similar reasons (1). They noted that seizure disorder is not used in the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures and contains no etiologic or prognostic significance; likewise, seizure disorder does not appear in the glossary of descriptive terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) (2). To those who argue that seizure disorder holds less stigma than epilepsy, they counter that substituting one term for another does nothing to alleviate negative attitudes toward persons with epilepsy. However, their suggestion has fallen on deaf ears among the community of epileptologists, let alone among general neurologists and medical practitioners. I am reincarnating their plea. Until "experts" stop using the term seizure disorder in textbooks, journal articles, clinic notes, and conversation, we will continue to muddle in a lexical mire. Why now? This is the perfect time to dispense with our use of this archaic and noninformative term. We are on the verge of a new epilepsy classification scheme, which will result in an improved ability to classify, diagnose, and treat epilepsy (3). Along with this scientific precision should come an evolution in our semantic precision as well (i.e., using specific nomenclature rather than a diffuse, nonspecific, and antiquated term). Does it really matter? Abandoning the term seizure disorder will reflect more rigorous thinking on the part of those who care for patients with epilepsy. Increasing our ability to communicate with each other in a specific manner will eventually "trickle down" to generalists, other specialists, and scientists who study epilepsy. When getting a call from the emergency department at 3 a.m., wouldn't it be more helpful to be informed, "The patient has a history of head trauma and localization-related symptomatic epilepsy with seizures involving lip smacking and unresponsiveness" than "The patient has a seizure disorder"? While ongoing educational efforts by each one of us is required, the linguistic transformation begins at home. So let us abandon the term seizure disorder and move forward to verbal and phenomenologic accuracy in epilepsy care.


Firstly,this article analyzes the PDA-based navigation system and its current situation.Contrast with several of GPS positioning theory,as can be seen various positioning technologies nearly gifted.Secondly,there is an in-depth analysis of the framework features:sim-ple platform,the customized-module,easy for non-professionals.By the end of the platform and practical analysis of the test and achieved some of the navigation system.


The isomer distributions for the mono-, di-, and tri-sulphonation of 1-methylnaphthalene in respectively 90.1, 98.4, and 110% sulphuric acid at 25 °C have been determined. The degree of sulphonation at the 2-position is smaller for sulphonation in 98.4 than 90.1% H2SO4. The results are discussed in terms of sulphonation by H3SO4+, H2S2O7, and H2S4O13 as sulphonating entities and compared with those of the polymethylbenzenes. The mechanistic conclusion that the sulphonation with H3SO4+ has a 'later' transition state than that with H2S2O7 is in agreement with the results of simple Huckel MO calculations. The deviating behaviour for the 2-substitution of 1-methylnaphthalene is ascribed to enhanced steric control, because of the shorter C(1)–C(2) bond distance in 1-methylnaphthalene as compared with toluene. The isomer distribution for the mono-, and di-sulphonates resulting from 1-methylnaphthalene with SO3 in nitromethane is also reported.


This paper studies a model of bank capital regulation whereby banks have private information regarding the value of their existing assets. Raising capital (e.g. equity) is costly for banks whose assets are undervalued by the market, leading them to forgo new investments when capital requirements are too high. Under this foundation, the regulator faces a tradeoff between minimizing the liability that bank failure imposes on society and inducing banks to invest in valuable projects. We show the existence of capital regulations that effectively screen the banks revealing their information to the market, resolving the underinvestment problem. We further show that pooling the bank's information though a simple capital requirement can still be socially optimal. The main result characterizes the optimal capital regulations as a function of the strength and opacity of the banking sector and the resulting policy implications. Introduction Since the financial crisis, policy makers have worked to enhance the regulatory framework in order to prevent future crises and their associated spill over effects. Yet, some critics suggest that the increase in bank capital requirements following the crisis were not sufficient to achieve this goal (see e.g. Admati and Hellwig (2013)). This begs the question of what keeps regulators ∗HEC Paris, 78351 Jouy-en-Josas, France. firstname.lastname@example.com. Special thanks to Jean Edouard Colliard, Olivier Gossner, Denis Gromb, Raphaël Levy, Eric Mengus, Ludovic Renou, Marco Scarsini, Tristan Tomala, and Nicolas Vieille for valuable feedback and comments.


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Solid phase grafting onto low isotactic polypropylene (LIPP) was studied in this paper. The success of being grafted was proved by using FT-IR spectrums. The grafting ratio of each sample was accurately measured by titration. The relationships between grafting ratios and monomer, initiator, and time were investigated. Then LIPP was fractionlized by tacticity and each fraction was characterized by NMR. LIPP-g-MAH is also fractionlized and grafting ratio of each fraction was measured. The effect of tacticity on grafting ratio was then discussed.


Čiližský potok (Csiliz patak) stream represents a former flowing side arm of the Danube River. Already in the 18th century it was separated from the Danube inundation at its upper end by former dyke line. After 1960 its discharge was diverted into artificial network of drainage canals and its whole lower section became dry. Despite the negative interference with the hydrology, valuable remnants of original water habitats have been preserved within the former meandering channel inhabited by fish communities with an important proportion of the limnophilic fish species, such as the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri), weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius), confirming its high importance for the nature conservation. Presence of several alien species, such as L. gibbosus, A. melas, C. auratus, should be taken into account by the planned restoration actions aimed at the reconnection of the middle and lower reaches. Kivonat A Csiliz patak (Čiližský potok) a Duna egykori mellékágának maradványa, amelyet a felső részén épült gátakkal már a 18. században elzártak a Dunától. 1960 után a folyását elterelték egy mesterséges lecsapoló csatornarendszerbe, és így a patak teljes alsó része állandó víztáplálás nélkül maradt. A korábbi kanyargós csatornából azonban a kedvezőtlen hidrológiai beavatkozás ellenére is értékes élőhelyek maradtak fenn, amelyeket olyan veszélyeztetett halfajok természetes populációi népesítenek be, mint a lápi póc (Umbra krameri), a réticsík (Misgurnus fossilis) és a széles kárász (Carassius carassius), bizonyítva a terület természetvédelmi értékét. A patakban azonban idegenhonos fajok is élnek, így például a naphal (Lepomis gibbosus), a fekete törpeharcsa (Ameiurus melas) és az ezüstkárász (Carassius auratus), és ezt figyelembe kell venni a tervezett helyreállítást célzó munkálatoknál, például a középső és alsó patakszakaszok összekötésénél. Introduction Čiližský stream (Csiliz patak, Čiližský potok) represented one of the longest (at least 50 km long) and geographically significant Danube river side arm, that formerly originated near the Čilistov (Csölösztő) village (Pišút 2006) and entered the Danube near the village of Číčov. From historical maps it is clear that already in the 18th century it was not directly connected to Danube at its upper mouth due to a presence of the original dyke line. These dykes, however, have not been stable enough, thus they did not withstand the water pressure during the large floods and periodic ruptures enabled the lateral connectivity with the floodplain area and the main channel. Around 1862 the continuous dyke line was built closer to the main Danube channel and the river arm lost its upstream connection with the inundated area. At its lower mouth the arm was separated from the Danube after 1899, when the Danube dykes were strengthened on entire route (Kurjak et al. 2001). Approximately until 1960, the Čiližský potok flowed directly to Číčovské oxbow lake through the floodgate in the initial dyke. Even in the second half of the 18th century Hajdú & Pekárik / Pisces Hungarici 10 (2016) 77–84 78 extensive marshes were present along the lower part of the arm, between the villages of Ižop and Čiližská Radvaň (Arcanum 2004). These marshes were connected to Čiližský potok via the system of veins (ér, ere) and ditches (árok) creating the unique ecosystem, with the high degree of lateral connectivity (Ward & Stanford 1995). Due to a large‐scale land drainage (mostly after 1960) these marshes were converted to a cropland and preserved till today only in fragments (Randík 1960). According to Balon (1967), however, the area was affected adversely at that time. After 1960 the stream was intersected by deeper channels at several sites, as a result of the channel system reconstruction. The water discharge from the upper part has been diverted into the Little Danube (Malý Dunaj) and the rest of the stream has started to be supplied via the new channel SVII built between 1960 and 1962 (Gyalokay 1972). Near the village of Pataš the stream flow from the middle part is diverted into the canal system and near the Čiližská Radvaň it is crossed by another canal Vrbina ‐ Holiare, built also after 1960. As a result of the multiple flow interruptions, the entire lower part of the stream dried up (Druga & Hajdú 2006) and originally continuous flowing arm had changed to several isolated lakes, which local names (eg. Káposztás örvény, örvény = meander) reveal they represent deeper parts of the original stream bed. After 1970, the upper section of the stream was destructed substantially by the construction of the Gabčíkovo hydropower dam (Šoltész 1999). After 1985, the stream was intersected by deeper canal near its original mouth to Číčovské oxbow lake (Kurjak et al. 2001) and already at that time it was altered to an oxbow lake (Hensel 1984). Today only a 16.9km long section between Gabčíkovo and Pataš villages is supplied by permanent water flow from the artificial canal system, with the average flow rates of about 200 l/s, depending on a water level in the canal system (Druga & Hajdú 2006). Only a few works are dealing explicitly with the ichthyofauna of the Čiližský potok. Little attention was devoted mainly to the upper part of the stream, and therefore almost no data retained from the period before the construction of the Gabčíkovo hydropower plant (Balon 1967, Brtek 1956). Only a limited data are available from the middle section also, which only at a small number of sites has been sampled (Nagy & Bastl 1992, Hajdú & Kováč 2002). The lower section has been surveyed on several locations in the second half of the 20th century for the last time (Balon 1967, Hensel 1984). The aim of this study is to provide up‐to‐date information on the fish community composition in the longitudinal stream profile of the Čiližský potok and its related water bodies, considering the changes compared to the past and taking into account the planned stream restoration actions. Materials and methods Fish were sampled between 2010 and 2015, at 32 sampling sites within the study area (Fig 1.) using one‐way electrofishing (electroshocker type: Hans Grassl ELT60IIHI, 32 kW/pulse max., 580‐940V, max. 2A). The length of sampling sites and the duration of sampling depended on the habitat conditions. Fish counts converted to Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) and expressed to 15 minutes of electrofishing per sample were used to create the species relative abundance data matrix. Fish were identified in situ, and all released back to water. The English nomencalture of fish is according to Froese & Pauly (2016), scientific names are according to Kottelat & Freyhof (2007). We used the working title Carassius auratus complex (Rylková et al. 2013) for the dwarf forms of goldfishes from isolated lakes, as they were not genetically analysed during the study. Species are considered as alien in compliance with Koščo et al. (2010). All statistical analyzes were conducted in R environment, version 3.2.3 (R Core Team 2015). Ward hierarchical clustering (Borcard et al. 2011) was used to determine dissimilarities within the fish CPUE data and to define the groups matching the particular fish community types within the area under the study. The clustering was performed using "hclust()" from "stats" package, R version 3.2.3 (R Core Team 2015). CPUE data were Hajdú & Pekárik / Pisces Hungarici 10 (2016) 77–84 79 transformed before clustering by means of chord transformation (Borcard et al. 2011) followed by computation of the Euclidean distance (Legendre & Gallagher 2001). These two steps were done by vegan (Oksanen et al. 2016) functions "decostand" and "vegdist". Fig. 1. Map of the sampling sites Results and discussion Overall 34 fish species and one natural hybrid (Rutilus rutilus x Blicca bjoerkna) were recorded in the study area belonging to 10 families (Table 1.). 25 species were indigenous and 8 non‐native, 7 considered as alien for the Slovakian basins (Koščo & Holčík 2008). Roach (R. rutilus), European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) and bleak (Alburnus alburnus) were the eudominant species as regards the total species relative abundance. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius), pike (Esox lucius), rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) and roach were the most frequent fish species within the study area (Table 1.). Hajdú & Pekárik / Pisces Hungarici 10 (2016) 77–84 80 Table 1. List of the species in the study area, D = total dominance (%), F = frequency of occurrence (%), Rep = reproductive guilds (modified according to Schiemer and Waidbacher 1992): Cat – catadromous, Lit – lithophil, Os – ostracophil, Phy – phytophil, PL – phytolithophil, Po – polyphil, Ps – psammophil, Spe – speleophil, NS – Nest spawner; FG = feeding guilds (modified according to Aarts and Nienhuis 2003): Be – benthivor, In – insektivor, Ph – phytophag, Pi – piscivor, Pl – planktivor, Po – polyphag, Pp – periphytophag; Status: Eu – Annex species according to Council Directive 92/43/EEC, Sk – species protected in Slovakia on national level; EN, VU, NT, LC – IUCN Red list categories according to Koščo and Holčík (2008); U – upper section of the stream, M – middle section, L – lower section Species D F Rep FG Status U M L Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792 12,9 31,7 Phy Be, Pl Eu, EN ‐ + + Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 2,3 63,4 Phy Pi LC + + + Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) 0,1 7,3 PL Be LC + ‐ + Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) 10,0 22,0 PL In, Pl LC + + ‐ Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758) 0,0 2,4 Lit Be LC + ‐ ‐ Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) 2,1 19,5 PL Be LC + + + Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) 6,4 65,9 Phy Be, Pl Sk, VU + + + Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) 3,2 39,0 Phy Be, Pl alien + + + Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) 7,3 9,8 Phy Be, Pl alien ‐ ‐ + Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 0,1 7,3 Phy Be, Pl LC ‐ + + Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) 0,7 2,4 Ps Be LC + ‐ ‐ Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) 0,1 2,4 Lit Pp NT + ‐ ‐ Leucaspius delineatus


Starting point of the approach in this chapter is that the various tools ofassessment of the effectiveness of technology programmes, both qualitative andquantitative, can be seen as 'complementary and interrelated rather thansubstitutable and disconnected' (Capron and Van Pottelsberghe, 1997, p. 35).Most methods used in evaluation studies are designed to cover specific aspectsand answer specific questions related to a particular step of the evaluationprocess. Therefore what is really needed, is a conceptual framework for anoverall impact assessment of technology programmes indicating whichevaluation method is most suitable for which kind of impact.


In the paper the results of experimental research on the return time to the superconducting state of superconductor tapes with and without layers of electrical insulation have been presented. The tests were carried out in conditions in which the density of energy generated during the surge current flow and the transfer of this energy to liquid nitrogen correspond to the operating conditions of superconducting material in superconducting fault current limiter. The tests were carried out using a test current that simulated the automatic reclosing operation during a short-circuit. The research results may be useful in the process of design and construction of superconducting fault current limiters and the coordination of power system protection settings to ensure proper automatic reclosing operation


Great progresses has made in oil and gas exploration and development in the petroliferous basin but solid mineral exploration evaluation is relatively weak.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the research on mineral resource planning of the basins.This paper focuses on the relevant problems concerning mineral resource planning in M Basin.It makes an attempt on block subdivision in northeastern edge of M Basin.Some suggestions on the sequence of exploration and exploitation,the mode for setting mining rights,and both exploration and exploitation of many kinds of mineral resources in this area are also made.


Listeners find that discriminating between two languages is relatively easy compared to identifying new samples. Listener responses seem to be influenced by regional speech characteristics and talker voice quality. This study attempted to assess listener ability to match spoken samples of unknown languages when produced by male and female talkers. Samples from Arabic and Latvian, three provided by male talkers and three by female talkers, were assembled in a test using ABX format. Listeners matched the X language with either the A or B language, across same sex and different sex talkers. Overall, listeners performed at above chance levels, 60% correct. Listeners identified the two languages at approximately equal rates. They matched speech samples produced by males (75%) better than speech samples produced by females (53%). Listeners matched languages across speaker gender at 55% correct. These results suggest that speaker sex, as part of voice quality, is encoded with a representation of the unknown language.


The most important biotic stress factor impacting tomato crop biophysical, biochemical, physiological, and morphological features is water stress. A pot experiment was undertaken in a greenhouse to study the drought responsiveness of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield and quality indices in sandy loam and silty loam soils. For both sandy loam and silty loam soils, the water supply levels were 70–100% FC, 60–70% FC, 50–60% FC, and 40–50% FC of ETo (crop evapotranspiration) from the vegetative stage to the fruit ripening stage, calculated using the Hargreaves–Samani (HS) model compared to the time-domain reflectometer (TDR) values calibrated using volumetric water content (VWC). The experiment was conducted as a 2 × 4 factorial experiment, arranged in a completely randomized block design, with four treatments replicated four times. In this study, we examined how sandy loam and silty loam soils at different % FC affect the total marketable yield and quality components of tomatoes, concentrating on total soluble solids (Brix), fruit firmness, dry fruit mass, pH, titratable acid (TA), ascorbic acid (Vit. C), and carotenoid composition. Lycopene and β-Carotene were estimated using the UV spectroscopy method, with absorption spectra bands centered at 451 nm, 472 nm, 485 nm, and 502 nm. The results revealed that even though there were some limitations, TDR-based soil moisture content values had a strong positive correlation with HS-based evapotranspiration, with R2 = 0.8, indicating an improvement whereby TDR can solely be used to estimate soil water content. Tomato plants subjected to 40–50% FC (ETo) water stress in both sandy loam and silty loam soils recorded the highest total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, and β-carotene content at an absorption peak of 482 nm, and lycopene content at an absorption peak of 472 nm, with lower fruit firmness, fruit juice content, and fruit juice pH, and a reduced marketable yield. Similarly, tomato plants subjected to 60–70% FC throughout the growing season achieved good fruit firmness, percent juice content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, and chlorophyll content (SPAD), with minimum fruit juice pH and high marketable yield in both soil textural types. It is concluded that subjecting tomato plants to 60–70% FC (ETo) has a constructive impact on the marketable yield quality indices of tomatoes.


Beyond the deep sub-micron era, clock skew is becoming an indispensable factor in post-layout timing and contributes significant delay during signal propagation in paths. Although Functional Timing Analysis (FTA) can provide accurate timing by identifying functionally false paths, clock skew is not yet considered. Therefore, we are motivated to propose a skew-aware functional-timing-analysis engine (named Sk-FTA) for better post-layout validation of designs. In particular, Sk-FTA can save more cost in checking setup-time violations and filters false alarms. Our experimental results show that given three different clock networks, Sk-FTA induces more accurate delay from removing functionally false paths (e.g. 60% less for s13207 under clock tree 3) when comparing with the skew-aware static timing analysis (Sk-STA). Moreover, Sk-FTA eminently yields fewer setup-time violations than Sk-STA does on benchmark circuits. In particular, for vga lcd, all 512 setup-time violations reported by Sk-STA are proved redundant and thus removed, manifesting the power of Sk-FTA.


The observation of decayed records unavoidabl~ leads to the question of whether or not more permanent ma~enal~ could be used for this purpose. This is not a new questIon, either, and substantial consideration has been given to it. Conservation Restoration work, even when carried out according to the best criteria, is by no means sufficient to ensure good durability of the objects treated. Experience can prove this. As a consequence, the need was felt to establish directio~~ for proper conservation. This is quite a frigh.tening proposItIon, bec~use it involves anticipating answers which only the future can Yield unmistakably. Restoration of damaged materials This may involve mechanical repair, removal of dirt and stains, strengthening, restoration of legibility (permanent or not), application of antiparasite agents (temporary or permanent); that is, in general, any safe treatment to restore appearance and usability, an~, above all, to. re~ove any factors of further deterioration. It ISworth mentioning that another important point is the choice of the proper materials to be employed in restoration. Finally, there are problems of quantity and organization. The problems


The present invention relates to a method of producing an oxygen product by heating a pumped liquid oxygen stream within a heat exchanger through indirect heat exchange with compressed air. The liquid oxygen stream is pressurized to an oxygen pressure in a range above about 55 bar(a) and no greater than about 150 bar(a) and heated within the heat exchanger to form a Supercritical fluid. The air is compressed to an air pressure upon entering the heat exchanger that is a function of the oxygen pressure that will result in a minimum power being expended in the compression of the air. The heat exchanger can be a brazed fin heat exchanger fabricated from aluminum in which the fins located in heat exchange passages have an undulating configuration to increase the flow path length and induce flow separation and thereby increase the heat transfer coefficient within the heat exchanger.


Although my primary orientation is that of a behavior therapist, I find that I can readily incorporate contributions from other orientations by using common principles of change as an organizing format. After translating the theoretical jargon associated with different therapeutic schools of thought into ordinary English, one may discern principles at a level of abstraction somewhere between the observable methods of clinical intervention and the higher order, theoretical speculation about why these methods might be effective elsewhere (Goldfried & Padawer, 1982). Such common principles of change include (a) the presence of clients' expectations that change is possible, (b) the existence of an optimal therapeutic relationship, (c) providing feedback to help clients become more aware of aspects of themselves and others, (d) the encouragement of corrective experiences, and (e) facilitation of ongoing reality testing. An initial positive expectation that therapy can help, along with a certain amount of motivation to engage in the therapy process, is essential to change. It is a promissory note and represents a necessary but probably not sufficient step in the change process. Another common change principle involves the existence of an optimal therapy relationship, providing a safe con-


This article has two interrelated purposes. The first is to explain how various forms of bias, if introduced during any stage of a meta-analysis, can provide the consumer with a misimpression of the state of a research literature. Five of the most important bias-producing aspects of a meta-analysis are presented and discussed. Second, armed with this information, we examine 15 meta-analyses of the literatures of distance education (DE), online learning (OL), and blended learning (BL), conducted from 2000 to 2014, with the intention of assessing potential sources of bias in each. All of these meta-analyses address the question: "How do students taking courses through DE, OL, and BL compare to students engaged in pure classroom instruction in terms of learning achievement outcomes?" We argue that questions asked by primary researchers must change to reflect issues that will drive improvements in designing and implementing DE, OL, and BL courses.


presupposes that its majesty must be upheld by force if it cannot be other wise achieved. This is not war. " For war always was and to a degree still is an international procedure between equals, for whom there is provided no obligatory tribunal" (p. 49). The main part of the book is a detailed commentary on the Covenant, article by article, following the official texts in French and English and a German translation. Full reference is made to the debates in committee, in the plenary sessions of the Peace Conference, and in the sessions of the Council and Assembly. Legal methods are used to analyze the text and ex plain discrepancies with other instruments such as the treaties of peace. Particularly interesting, for example, from an American viewpoint, is the dis cussion of Article 22 on Mandates. The authors point out the conflict between this article, and Article 119 of the Treaty of Versailles, the former im plying that the sovereignty of the German colonies is in the League of Na tions, whereas the latter places it with the Principal Powers. They reach the conclusion that the terms of the Treaty are provisional because of the controlling Article 118, whereas the Covenant is definite; therefore the trans fer of sovereignty to the Principal Powers is to be considered divested when ever the Council takes action. The situation is rendered more complicated by the fact that the United States, one of the " Principal Allied and Associ ated Powers," is not a member of the League. The authors seem to find in the protest of the United States of February 21, 1921, in respect of the man date for Yap, implied recognition that sovereignty rests with these Powers, not in the League, nor with the Supreme Council. The situation is by no means free from difficulty. The authors have at least clarified the issues on this and many similar points where they fail to find a solution. There is no internal authority within the League to interpret the Covenant, so the au thors discreetly await the functioning of the Permanent Court of International Justice (p. 490). A r t h u r K . K u h n .


We built an EPICS-based radiation therapy machine control program and are using it to treat patients at our hospital. To help ensure safety, the control program uses a restricted subset of EPICS constructs and programming techniques, and we developed several new automated formal verification tools for this subset. To check our control program, we built a Symbolic Interpeter that finds errors in EPICS database programs, using symbolic execution and satisfiability checking. It found serious errors in our control program that were missed by reviews and testing. To check the EPICS runtime (EPICS Core) itself, we first developed a Formal Semantics for EPICS database programs, based on the EPICS Record Reference Manual (RRM) and expressed in the specification language of an automated theorem prover. We built a formally-verified Trace Validator and used it to check the EPICS runtime against our semantics by differential testing with millions of randomly generated programs. The testing process generally corroborated that the EPICS runtime conforms to its specification in the RRM, but it did find several omissions and ambiguities in the RRM that might mislead users. Our formal semantics for EPICS enables valuable future developments: a full proof of correctness for our EPICS program, verified analyses for arbitrary EPICS programs, and a Verified Compiler that could compile an EPICS database to a verified standalone program, while dispensing with much of the unverified EPICS toolchain and runtime.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian Federation policy in Central Asia and South Caucasus within the political and military security. These regions are defined as the sphere of Russia's vital interests. Bilateral relations and multilateral military cooperation are the main forms of these interests implementation.


Chorus direction is a new topic in China, but now it holds greater and greater artistic charms. How to train the chorus directors is an important topic for discussion in the comprehensive and normal universities and colleges. Chorus direction should be one of the important courses.


This paper describes the design and implementation of the DMI display based on ERTMS specification for the integrated train control signal system. We propose a new DMI display design which is suitable for the newly-designed integrated train control signal system, which consists of ATS, ATC, and ATP based on ERTMS/ETCS Level 1. When the train is in the ATS, ATC, or ATP railway section, it is protected by the ATS, ATC, or ATP equipment, respectively. Therefore, DMI should display the different information according to the signalling section type. We design the DMI display for ATP information which corresponds to the ERTMS specification and another display for ATS and ATC information. These two displays are designed based on a unified look and feel and similar arrangements using the ERTMS specification and layout. This is for the driver to perceive the information easily and not to experience inconvenience resulting from the sense of difference when the train crosses into the different signalling section. Finally, we show the implementation result following this concept.


The invention relates to the anchoring groove 82, a plastic ring 14, the number of the locking insert synthetic Grand sealing (sealing gland) for fastening of the housing end-piece (8, housing end piece) containing 20. Each of the locking insert 20 comprises a first outer head 30 in the radial direction is first provided with a front face facing the protrusion (50, 52) applied to the ring-shaped front facing surface (90) of the anchoring groove (82) do. The head 30 has a second front projection has been moved from the first face toward the projections 50, 52 in the radial direction (52). The invention is used for bonding of the cast iron pipe.


In multiattribute utility analysis, it is required for the decision maker to repeatedly answer questions for indifferent points and subjective probabilities to evaluate the tradeoff between attributes. It is noted that it is difficult for a decision maker to accurately answer such questions. To avoid such difficulties, by asking the decision maker to choose one from a pair of certain outcomes that differ only in two attribute values, we develop a method for identifying the multiattribute utility function. Assuming that scaling constants are probability distributions, the probability corresponding to a parameter profile of the stochastic scaling constants is updated according to the idea of Bayesian inference. In our method, we can obtain the best alternative for the decision maker with less preference information, and by adding more preference information, it can increase the credibility that the alternative suggested by the proposed method is truly best for the decision maker. We demonstrate the procedure for finding the best alternative according to the proposed method with a simple numerical example. Furthermore, as an application example of multiattribute utility analysis, we examine an agricultural decision problem.


Two new species of sea pens referable to the genus Cavernularia Valenciennes are described from Natal and Transkei, east coast of southern Africa, at depths of 24 and 190 to over 300 m. The two new species are distinguished from other members of the genus by unique combinations of features regarding the axis, colonial growth form, autozooid size, as well as the size, shape, and distribution of sclerites. A comparative review of the genus is included. The 13 presently recognized worldwide species are differentiated and a key for their separation, together with a table of comparative characters, is provided. Of these, ten (77%) are Indo-Pacific in distribution whilst the remainder (23%) are presumably restricted to the eastern Atlantic. Four species are presently recorded from southern Africa. The deepest known bathymetric stations for the genus are here recorded from northern Namibia at 274 m, and from northern Natal at 310/320 m. Relationships to members of the related genus Cavernulina Kukenthal & Broch are discussed.


We examined rater personality traits consistent with the Five-Factor Model as sources of systematic non-performance variance in job performance ratings using meta-analysis (k = 28). Several personality factors, including agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability, were related to performance ratings (ρ = .25, .12, and .12, respectively), and features of the rating context (e.g., study setting, appraisal purpose, accountability) moderated these relationships. Cumulatively, the Big Five accounted for between 6% and 22% of the variance in performance ratings. Implications for performance appraisal research and practice are discussed.

Practitioner points
Performance ratings serve a number of important functions in organizations, and their construct validity is a central issue.
We identified rater personality traits, consistent with the Five-Factor Model, as sources of non-performance variance in performance ratings.
To the extent that job performance ratings are contaminated by rater personality traits, requiring raters to justify their ratings may result in criterion scores that reflect greater levels of criterion relevance.


Dixon‐based fat suppression has recently gained interest for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, but multi‐echo techniques require longer scan times and reduce temporal resolution compared to single‐echo alternatives without fat suppression. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate accelerated single‐echo Dixon imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution.


The main development objectives of the Beira Railway Project are to make cost effective, and efficient transport available for the freight, and passenger traffic in the Zambezi Valley, and accelerate economic growth in the sub-region; to increase international traffic through the Beira Railway system; and, improve the operational, managerial, and financial sustainability of its system. To this end, land acquisition will occur, and therefore, this resettlement plan (RAP) provides the framework to ensure project affected people (PAP) improve, or at least maintain their living standards as a result of project implementation. Given the absence in Mozambique, of specific regulations regarding land expropriation in the public interest, and, of no implicit legal obligation to provide compensation by means of alternative land, this RAP provides the framework to guide the resettlement process, and the compensation due to affected people, based on a mutual agreement among the Government, the Borrower, the concessionaire , and PAPs, taking into account the Bank's operational policy on involuntary resettlement. It stipulates compensation, and resettlement measures should be provided regardless of land tenure, a principle applicable as well to PAP on the right of way (ROW). Permanent land, and housing losses will be compensated at replacement costs, which includes moving expenses, support and development assistance; while temporary losses will be paid in the form of cash compensation, based on productive potential of land, plus allowances. Losses from crops, fruit trees, or vegetables will be compensated in cash, based on production potential, or partial value over the disturbance period. Business losses shall be compensated via alternative business sites, plus allowances and development assistance.


In this paper, we describe an algorithm for roof line delineation from LIDAR data which aims at achieving models of a high level of detail. Roof planes are initially extracted by segmentation based on the local homogeneity of surface normal vectors of a digital surface model (DSM). A case analysis then reveals which of these roof planes intersect and which of them are separated by a step edge. The positions of the step edges are determined precisely by a new algorithm taking into account domain specific information. Finally, all step edges and intersection lines are combined to form consistent polyhedral models. In all phases of this workflow, decision making is based upon statistical reasoning about geometrical relations between neighbouring entities in order to reduce the number of control parameters and to increase the robustness of the method.


Provide data processing apparatus and method for performing multiply-accumulate operations. The apparatus comprising: a data processing circuit, responsive to the control signal to perform data processing operations at least one input data element. Instruction decoder circuitry is responsive to multiply accumulate instructions specified operand predicate input a first, a second input data element and the predicate value, generating a control signal to control the data processing circuitry to perform multiply-accumulate operations by the following: a first input data element multiplying the second input data elements, data elements to produce the multiplication; if the predicate value has a first value by multiplying the data elements of the initial data elements are summed to produce the accumulated results accumulated data element; if the predicate value has a second value, result is generated by summing the accumulated data element minus the data element from an initial data element multiplication.


Ever since its publication in 1847, Brontë's Jane Eyre has been one of the most popular novels that was produced during the Victorian era. This popularity was keenly felt ever since its life was started but more importantly demonstrated by its afterlives: adaptations. As within the Victorian era, Jane Eyre has always been linked to gender studies. Most of these studies have always been linked to women's studies, for Brontë was perceived as one of the mothers of feminism. However, these studies neglect the discussion of the manifestation of masculinities within the novel. This field of studies however, is of particular interest because the transition of the romantic period into the Victorian period marked a split into two polar opposite masculine ideals: the English gentleman and the new gentleman. This split, or the combining of these two masculinities were the cause for a lot of confusion and conflicting ideas in trying to adhere to one of these ideals. This thesis tries to uncover how these two differing ideas manifest themselves within the male characters of Jane Eyre. As a result, this thesis will find out what Brontë believes to be the ideal man. Once these determinations have been made, this thesis will try to unveil how these different images of masculinity translate themselves to the 1983 television adaptation of Jane Eyre. By first examining changes in masculine identity during the 80s, this study will uncover how these changes play a role in both the choices the adapter makes in adapting the novel and how the show might be received by an audience. Finally, by using adaptation theory this study will try to uncover in what way or form Brontë's ideal man is still present within the 1983 adaptation.


ONEY has as many different leanings for the probation officer as for anyone else, but because the probation officer must help people whose problems are often related to money, and because payments on fines, restitution, or child support are often part of a probation program, its meaning and significance have a professional importance for him. Joe Davis, for instance, is on probation for failing to provide for his minor children. Although he is a pleasant, generally stable person, Joe has had money management problems


The invention discloses a method and a device for improving speed of mounting journal file system. The method comprises the following steps: an operation system scans the storage medium building the journal file system and obtains the chain table index information of the journal file system when the journal file system is mounted into the operation system of the embedded device for the first time; the operation system writes the chain table index information of the journal file system into the index storage medium when the journal file system is uninstalled for the first time, and sets different mark bits according to the normality or abnormality of the written chain table index information normally or abnormally; the subsequent journal file system is mounted into the operation system; the operation system reads the mark bit information, if the chain table index information is written normally, the operation system reads the chain table index information from the index storage medium directly; if the chain table index information is written abnormally, the operation system scans the storage medium building the journal file system again and obtains the chain table index information. The invention reduces the mounting time of journal file system in embedded device.


Of recent, significant development in the use of public private partnership in providing infrastructural facilities has become a new policy initiative in many countries, Nigeria inclusive. This became necessary in view of the inadequacy of existing infrastructures to cope with the demands of the urban dwellers due to the inability of the government at various levels to provide and maintain urban infrastructures which are essential ingredients of economic development of the nation. Apart from the acute shortages of these infrastructures, the available ones are witnessing a reverse revolutionary trend from the situation of inadequacies to that of dearth or outright decay. This paper therefore focuses on the state of infrastructural facilities in Nigeria, with a view to providing a framework that will ensure their provision and sustainability. The paper went on to trace the historical antecedent of infrastructure development and provision in Nigeria and the current efforts of government through the application of public private partnership (PPP) in infrastructural facilities provision. Factors militating against the provision and maintenance of these infrastructures were identified. The paper concluded that policy measures should be put in place by the government in form of appropriate legislation and regulations that will create a conducive environment for private operators and other stakeholders to ensure effective and efficient partnerships that will promote the provision of urban infrastructure. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2p11


Problems of quality and lack of resources in developing countries are compounded by a new reality faced by higher education institutions, which of ever-increasing demand for access to university education. Whereas educational planners, policymakers and administrators have to be responsive to the demand for widening access to higher education, they face a challenge of finding cost-effective ways not only to widen such access but also to ensure that the quality of education is not compromised. Yet little is known about the cost-effectiveness of widening access through quality distance education (DE) to complement conventional face-to-face education (CF2F). Particularly there is need to determine the financing patterns and unit costs associated with the two learning delivery modalities. This study reports on a comparative analysis of the unit costs of CF2F and DE in the University of Swaziland (UNISWA). The analysis was done by finding out which mode tended to have relatively lower average costs per student and ultimately had lower cost efficiency ratio. The study made use of secondary data, for the academic year 2006/07 to 2010/11, which was collected from relevant University offices (for both student enrolments and a breakdown of programme costs). The main study conclusion drawn is that IDE's average costs per student were lower than in its conventional counterpart. Such a finding implies that many students can be educated through the IDE than through conventional educational means at UNISWA, utilising a fixed amount of resources, particularly within a context of dwindling resource allocation towards education. As such, it can be recommended that access to education can be increased at UNISWA by allocating more funds to distance learning programmes alongside conventional educational programmes. Therefore, the significance of this research study is that it provides a basis for new policy directions in funding allocation towards both higher education sub-systems. The impact of the study lies in its contribution towards challenging existing deeply entrenched education financing patterns in a developing country context. _______________________________________________________________________________________


The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental oil and methionine on performance and egg quality of laying hens from two commercial strains (white and brown) at high summer temperature. A 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement consisting of two strains of commercial laying hens (white and brown), two levels of supplemental methionine (0 and 1 g/kg) and three levels of supplemental soybean oil (0, 20 and 40 g/kg) were used in this study. Thus, six experimental diets were formulated on isoenergetic and isonitrogenous basis. White layers had higher egg production (EP) and Haugh Units (HU) but lower egg weight (EW), shell weight per unit surface area (SWUSA), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC) than brown ones. Both in brown and white layers, methionine supplementation increased EP and improved FC, but decreased EW and FI. EP was not significantly affected in white layers by dietary oil. However, it slightly increased in brown layers fed low oil (20 g/kg) diet. EW increased in both strains with soybean oil. The improvement in EW was more pronounced at the level of 20 g/kg oil supplementation than at the level of 40 g/kg. SWUSA was significantly decreased by adding oil. HU was increased significantly at 40 g/kg oil supplementation but FI intake did not change significantly.


The control of nonlinear systems through a self-learning mechanism that can derive the membership functions of the rules used by a fuzzy controller is considered. Without resorting to domain experts, a fuzzy controller has to be constructed that can perform the control task of a regulator problem. The approach is based on the adaptive network, a flexible building block that can be used to implement fuzzy controllers as well as the plants under consideration. The learning rule of adaptive networks can force the plant state to approach a desired state on a time step by time step basis. The proposed approach was used to build a fuzzy controller for balancing an inverted pendulum system. It is shown that only four fuzzy if-then rules are necessary to perform the control task. The controller was quite tolerant to dealing with initial conditions that deviated significantly from the origin. The inverted pendulum system was used to test the proposed control scheme. The simulation results demonstrated its feasibility and robustness.<<ETX>>


Concentrations of CH3CN and HCN have been measured in the lower stratosphere by aircraft-based ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry. The mean HCN volume mixing ratio of 164 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) is consistent with previous infrared remote sensing data (160 pptv). The measured CH3CN volume mixing ratios markedly exceed most previous lower stratospheric values and reveal a significant decrease from 160 to 110 pptv between 1.0 and 4.2 km above the tropopause. This latter feature suggests a stratospheric CH3CN lifetime much shorter than thought previously, which can be explained by an additional stratospheric sink, maybe ioncatalyzed conversion of CH3CN to HCN. Our present data indicate a mean global tropospheric CH3CN source of 1.6×1012 g CH3CN per year which is slightly larger than the CH3CN source inferred from most previous atmospheric measurements of CH3CN but is in agreement with estimations inferred from laboratory simulation experiments of biomass burning.


Patrick Farail, Pierre Gaufillet Airbus France, 316 route de Bayonne, 31060 Toulouse Cedex 03, France Abstract: The COTRE Architecture Description Language, developed during the COTRE project, allows software designers to describe hierarchically static and real time architectures, their behavior and their functional or non-functional requirements. Due to different needs at the user and at the verification levels, the COTRE language has been split early in the project into 2 specialized sublanguages named respectively UCOTRE (User-COTRE) and VCOTRE (Verifkation-COTRE). As the UCOTRE concepts are very close to the AADL ones, and to avoid defining 2 concurrent languages, UCOTRE has become an AADL dialect, using its extension mechanisms. This paper focuses on the UCOTRE description as a set of extensions and restrictions to AADL.


The European Union is in the process of taking in new member countries. The enlargement of the EU to include ten Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) will have profound effects on current EU as well as on new member states. The purpose of this study is to examine the current structure of CEEC's agri-food sector and to assess the impact of enlargement on agriculture and agricultural policies in the CEECs and in the EU. Agriculture has been identified as an important issue for future accession, because of its relative size in some of the CEE countries, and because of the difficulties there might be in extending the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU in its current form to these countries. The aspiration of EU membership with the current CAP mechanism will inevitably affect agriculture and food industry in both the EU and the applicant countries. In terms of contribution to GDP and share in total employment, agriculture is significantly more important in the CEECs than in the EU. However, the competitiveness of agriculture and agri-food chain is in general considerably lower than the EU average. Despite some positive developments in the applicant countries, restructuring of agriculture and food industry is still far from being complete. As a result of EU accession, farmers in the CEE countries will face improved market stability and increased price level in range of products. This creates short-term incentives to increase production and thereby influences market balance also in the rest of the EU. The enlarged EU might also face problems in meeting its export subsidy commitments in the WTO context, as an increase in the CEE net export potential could lead to larger quantities of exportable surpluses of farm products. One of the most sensitive and important issues in the accession negotiations is the question of direct payments. Recently the EU Commission proposed that direct payments to farmers in the applicant countries should be phased in' over a 10-year-transition period, with full integration into the EU's support policy only in 2013. Full payments of direct aids to farmers in all of the ten CEE countries would cost the EU over € 7 billion a year. Index words: EU, enlargement, agri-food markets, direct payments, WTO


To open new markets, some farmers have adapted direct-to-consumer (DTC) models, such as Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), to reach new settings or audiences. We compared sociodemographic and geospatial contexts to farmers' experience with one of two DTC innovations: a cost-offset CSA for low-income families and food boxes distributed through rural convenience stores. We geocoded addresses of thirteen farms and DTC pickup sites in two U.S. states (Vermont and Washington) and calculated road network distances from pickup to supermarket, farmers' market, and farm. We compiled Census block-level demographic and transportation data, and compared it to postseason interviews to explore the effect of suitability of the pickup location; proximity to food retail; and potential farmer burden. Most pickup areas were heavily car-dependent, with low walkability and few public transportation options. Conventional sources of fresh produce were within six miles of most pickups, but farmers markets were further away. Despite modest profitability, both models were deemed worth pursuing, as they expanded farmers' customer base. Farmers implementing the store-distributed food box were sensitive to market trends and customer needs in choosing pickup location. Farmers seemed more concerned with marketing in convenience store settings, and finding efficient ways to conduct recordkeeping than with delivery distances.


The method includes the procedure for building the user information table and the user information index table in the identification phase, the authentication of the up loading message in the normal transaction phase and the procedure of processing the down loading message. The procedure for building the tables is as follows: The user class and the validity are determined. The table is built for the legal use. The user m(.s information is PPPoE class indexed according to the Session ID. The user information in VLAN class is indexed according to the VLAN ID. The same VLAN ID is indexed according to the time sequence. The authentication procedure of the up loading message is based on the user class to clock up the relevant partition of the used class through the list item positioning to authenticate the user.


Background and objective:  Advances in statistical modelling have allowed the creation of smoothly changing spirometry reference ranges that apply across a wide age range and better define the lower limit of normal. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement of the Stanojevic 2009 all‐age reference ranges to contemporary lung function data to verify the appropriateness of this reference for clinical use in Australia and New Zealand.


The Spanish government needs to adopt a major programme of structural reforms to the country's research system, according to a report from the EU's European Research Area and Innovation Committee.


Environmentalists have not always been of the same mind regarding the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the aggressive liberalization of trade. While many have warned about accelerating distorted and unsustainable growth pattems, others have seen opportunities to improve the efficiency of global resource use or to ratchet up national environmental standards where they are weak. But in the wake of the battle in Seattle and five years of experience with the WTO, it is increasingly clear that the hyperliberalization of trade is inimical to the quest for global ecological sustainability in several ways. The WTO has proven to be profoundly anti-environmental both procedurally and substantively, handing down environmentally damaging decisions whenever it has had the chance to do so. Fears of a race to a dirty bottom are proving prescient, and optimism that trade rules can be greened from within has waned appreciably. Moreover, the problem is not just the obvious threat to local environmental quality from the forces of globalizing market pressures. We are also seeing the undermining of global-scale efforts at environmental protection, through the destabilization of several important international environmental regimes and the commodification of critical global cycles and ecosystem services. As a result, environmental opposition in the era of confrontation inaugurated in Seattle is likely to be stronger, more unified, and less willing to tinker on the margins.


11:30-11:50, Paper ThB5.4 Add to My Program Memento: Coordinated Caching for Data-Intensive Clusters (I) Ananthanarayanan, Ganesh UC Berkeley Ghodsi, Ali UC Berkeley Shenker, Scott UC Berkeley Stoica, Ion UC Berkeley


Dynamical adaption of sparse image acquisition processes in (scanning) transmission electron [(S)TEM] microscopes remains an important avenue for developing improved performance at reduced dose rates and acquisition times. Though more advanced algorithms, such as Bayesian dictionary in-painting or compressed sensing [1], produce high-fidelity reconstructions, they suffer from long reconstruction times unsuitable user feedback expected during on-line image acquisition. Demonstrated here is an easy-to-implement method for adaptive sparse sampling of images, aimed at providing sub-Nyquist sampling.


The principles of fault diagnosis methods based on analytic model,signal processing and on artificial intelligence are systematically summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of these methods and their scopes of application are summarized too.The prospect in this field is presented at the end.


In this paper a high step-up interleaved boost converter is proposed for renewable energy applications. The proposed converter uses multi-phase/interleaving technique with two coupled inductors in one phase and an intermediate capacitor between the two phases. The idea is such that the coupled inductors are used to develop a high voltage across the intermediate capacitor and then this high voltage is transferred to the output to achieve a high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty cycle. The operating principle and steady state analysis of the converter are discussed in detail which shows several advantages over a traditional interleaved boost converter. These advantages include a very high voltage conversion ratio and reduction in the voltage stress of the transistor switches. A simulation has been carried out for proposed converter as well as conventional interleaved boost converter (IBC) to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Finally a 32-W, 20-V input, 160-V output laboratory prototype is built and tested to verify simulation results and effectiveness of the proposed converter.


We present CubeCam, an image-space camera manipulation widget that uses a projected cube to both visualize the relationship of the camera to the scene and as an interaction tool to change that camera. The cube geometry reflects the use of perspective lines by artists in order to establish the scene projection. We allow the user to interactively change the camera by changing the cube's projection in the image plane. We incorporate pie menus, ghosting, and a crossing-style interface to reduce mouse movement and make it simpler for novice users to learn and experiment with the interface. Finally, we provide a novel method for visualizing camera bookmarks.


Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) were synthesized from asphaltene using a template carbonization method. The OMC material was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption and thermal gravimetric analysis. Results show that the as-obtained OMC material with graphitic framework-confined ordered structure is a reverse replication of the template, which has a relatively high surface area of 562m2/g,large pore volume of 0.57 cm3/g and narrow pore size distribution centered at 3.57nm. The structure of the OMC is stable at 300℃ in air, showing good thermal stability. Electrical conductivity measurements show that the OMC material has an average electrical resistance of 0.16Ω·cm.


Five hundred and seventy one 3-6 years old children from junior,middle,senior grades in Shanxi and Anhui were asked to answer Multiple Intelligences of 3-6 Years Old Children Questionnaire.Results show that on the whole,3-6-year-old children scores are higher in the language intelligence and in the mathematical logic intelligence than the other intelligence.Multiple intelligences of 3-6-year-old children show obvious differences between ages and between genders.In age,the children' multiple intelligences increase with the rise of age;in sex,the difference shows that the girls' are higher than the boys'.


The most famous lesbian story to come out of World War II was told by Women's Army Corps (WAC) soldier Nell "Johnnie" Phelps, who claimed to have been given an order by General Dwight D. Eisenhower to "ferret out the lesbians" in her WAC detachment. This article backgrounds her story with history of women in the WAC in World War II and recounts the narrative as it appears in transcripts of Phelps' oral history and in other publications featuring it. It analyzes the public discourse around Phelps' account and its disproval and examines the ways the story has been used for political, historical, community, and personal aims since the oral history was taken in 1982.


Reactants released by crushing or puncturing. Agglomerated gas-filled spheres hexagonally close packed and sintered or glued together into rods strung together at ends. Rods fed into crushing machine to release material in spheres as needed.


The research work presented in this paper deals with the design of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)–based DC offset cancellation circuit along with the design of high-frequency quadrature ring oscillator. Such a technique uses modulation concept for cancellation of offset and offers extremely low offset. QAM is an analogue modulation scheme in which the signal is shifted to higher frequency domain and can result in elimination of DC component using filtering. The proposed work also introduces quadrature ring oscillator based on tetrahedral structure for generation of appropriate signals and design of current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA)–based quadrature oscillator for offset cancellation. The design when simulated on 180 nm technology using Cadence tools with ±1.5 V power supply reduces offset to −70 µV and −80 µV for two sinusoids having different phase, frequency and amplitudes. The voltage gain, power dissipation and the active silicon area using single metal, single poly process are 1000, 11.15 mW and 7071.95 µm2, respectively. Moreover, the proposed oscillator has a frequency of 6.24 GHz, which is 50% higher than tetrahedral oscillator and can be used for many RF applications.


A system and method for preventing a driver from being dazzled by using a GPS are provided to forbid the operation of the system when the operation of the system is not required, so that a driver feels driving convenience. A polarizing plate(20) is installed at a wind shield of a vehicle and passes through light polarized in a direction determined by an electrical signal. A polarizing information storage part stores information about a road on a map. The polarizing information storage part stores polarization information including a polarization direction of the polarizing plate. A GSP part detects the position of a driving vehicle on a road and the driving direction of the driving vehicle by using a GPS(Global Positioning System). The GPS part draws the polarization information, which is set according to the position and the driving direction of the driving vehicle, from the polarizing information storage part. A polarization controller(30) controls the polarization direction of the polarizing plate according to the received polarization information.


Amphotericin B, a polyene macrolide antibiotic, exists in aqueous solution as a poorly soluble, high‐molecular‐weight aggregate. A borate complex of this polyene was prepared that has greater solubility and is less aggregated. In aqueous solution this borate complex exists as a mixture of several molecular species differing in borate content, molecular weight, and molecular conformation. The solubility varied with pH and was minimal at neutrality. Throughout the pH range it was one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of the parent compound. The molecular size distribution, as determined by differential ultrafiltration, showed a progressive increase in the weight fraction of aggregates going from acid to alkaline solutions. The sizes of aggregates ranged from under 25 to over 100 molecules. The borate content of the complexes increased with increasing pH. No borate was complexed in acid solutions. This indicated that amphotericin B and borate ions can complex to form copolymer chains of varying length in which these species alternate, since both are bifunctional. The complexation equilibrium is favored by high pH. Absorption and CD spectra indicated that the polyene molecules can stack reversibly to form dimers. Dimerization constants calculated from the spectra were highest in neutral solution and declined with increasing acidity or alkalinity. In alkaline solutions the polymer chains are long and extended, with minimal stacking. In neutral solution the chains are shorter and extensively stacked. In acid solutions no borate complexes are formed, and the polyenes are stacked to an intermediate degree. The very different effects of pH and concentration on the degree of complexation with borate and on the degree of dimerization of the polyenes shows that these equilibria are independent of each other.


Healthcare workers continuously face series of occupation-related risks in the course of their service delivery. Among these, sharps injuries remain a common source resulting into penetrating and laceration injuries with attendant health and life-threatening blood-borne infections. This cross- sectional descriptive study was carried out among 165 primary care givers of Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria to  determine the prevalence of sharps injuries among health care workers, the types of sharps commonly experienced and identify potential risk  factors in sharps injuries. The survey revealed a 46.1% prevalence of sharps injuries, considered high among study population. Needle stick injury was found to be the commonest with 75.0% prevalence followed by glass cut (23.7%), and IV cannula injury (6.6%) and scalpel blade wound (5.3%). Emanating sharp injuries sustained by the respondents include slight penetration (59.2%), superficial scrape (26.3%) and deep skin penetration  (14.5%). Events leading to the sharp injuries included recapping of needles (25.0%), surgical procedures (22.4%), refuse and waste collection (17.1%), administration of injection (11.8%) and during blood collection (10.5%). There were no association of experience of sharps injuries with professional cadres (pV = 0.2653), age (pV = 0.9780), sex (pV = 0.5381), years in service (pV = 0.5276) and marital status (pV = 0.2823). The wards recorded the highest proportion (32.1%) of all experienced sharp injuries experienced, followed by Labour/Delivery suite (15.2%), General Outpatient Clinic  (14.3%) and Operating Theatre (14.3%). The Emergency Unit and Laboratory followed with 12.5% and 8.0% respectively, while others had 3.6%. There was low awareness of availability of guidelines amongst respondents (31.5%), equipment for conveying waste materials (43.0%) and guidelines for ensuring safety against sharp injury (68.5%). Availability of personal protective materials was found amongst 47.3%, while only 52.1% have had on- the-job training / awareness of safety measures. There was however, availability of sharps collection box (78.8%). It is recommended that  comprehensive education on safety precautions be carried out to support other measures to stem the high prevalence of sharps injuries amongst  care providers in the hospital.
Keywords: Sharps Injuries, Health Care Workers, Nigeria


The purpose of the study is to examine the infinite chains of symbols of an alphabet, generated by a marked directional graph. The findings of the research helped us to modify the notion of partial guessing. For a class of languages, we employed methods of partial guessing based on a different approach to the problems under consideration. We found a criterion and a constructive algorithm of guessing. We compared the results obtained in this study with the results obtained previously. In this research we present only basic concepts associated with graphs and automata


(57) Abstract: an optical switch that controls the operating state of the telephone headset. Headset is rotatable with respect to the housing for the headset. Rotor elements being coupled to the microphone boom, the rotor element rotates relative to the housing along with the microphone boom. Reflective selected portions of the surface of the rotor element is higher than the reflectivity of the remaining portion. Or, that portion of the rotor element may be opaque. A pair of optical transceivers are fixed to be constant position relative to the housing. Microphone boom substantially vertically upward with respect to the user's head, when placed so as to face the horizontal direction and downward in their position, the headset is "off" or "standby" mode, "mute" mode and the "conversation" It becomes mode.


■ Moorestown: Based on Lincroft SoC, Designed for ▪ High Performance for amazing Internet Experience ▪ Dramatically Lower Power - Upto 50x lower idle power ▪ Small Size for Next Generation Smartphones ■ Lincroft High Performance Innovation ▪ Wide range of scalable frequencies for multimedia blocks ▪ Intel Hyper threading technology ▪ Bus Turbo Technology ▪ Burst Mode technology ▪ Intel 45nm SoC High-K process technology ■ Lincroft Low Power Innovation ▪ Low power architecture features ▪ Enhanced Geyserville to support ULFM ▪ CPU C-states ▪ Lincroft Distributed Power Gating


Concord grapevines (Vitis labruscana Bailey) can readily develop iron deficiency-induced leaf chlorosis when grown on calcareous or high pH soils. Iron (Fe) chelates are often applied to the soil to remedy chlorosis but can vary in their stability and effectiveness at high pH. We transplanted own-rooted 1-year-old Concord grapevines into a peat-based medium adjusted to pH 7.5 and fertigated them with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4m gL -1 Fe from Fe-EDDHA (ferric ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid) to determine the effectiveness of this Fe chelate for alleviating Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis at high pH. Vines were sampled midseason for iron, chlorophyll, CO2 assimilation, and photosystem II quantum efficiency (PSII) and at the end of the season for leaf area, dry weight, and cane length. We found that leaf total Fe concentration was similar across all treatments, but active Fe (extracted with 0.1 N HCl) concentration increased as the rate of Fe-EDDHA increased. Chlorophyll concentration increased curvilinearly as applied Fe increased and was highly correlated with active Fe concentration. CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and PSII were very low without any supplemental Fe and increased rapidly in response to Fe application. Total leaf area, foliar dry weight, and cane length all increased as Fe application increased to 1 mgL -1 Fe, but above this rate, a further increase in Fe did not significantly increase growth. Our results demonstrate that Fe-EDDHA is very effective in alleviating Fe deficiency-induced leaf chlorosis in Concord grapevines grown at high pH, which provides a foundation for continuing research related to the optimum rate and timing of application of Fe-EDDHA in Concord vineyards on calcareous soils. Compared with total Fe, leaf ''active Fe'' better indicates the actual Fe status of Concord vines. Concord grapevines (Vitis labruscana Bailey) are native to the northeastern United States (Schofield, 1988) and are tolerant of the acidic soils that characterize the region. As soil pH increases and iron (Fe) becomes less available, own-rooted Concord grape- vines can readily develop Fe deficiency- induced leaf chlorosis. In Concord vine- yards where calcareous or high pH soils predominate such as in Washington State, leaf chlorosis can be a limiting factor in production (Davenport and Stevens, 2006). Iron is a key nutrient in a number of metabolic pathways. The major symptom of Fe deficiency is chlorosis as a result of the requirement for Fe in protochlorophyllide synthesis (Tottey et al., 2003). Fe is essential in reactions that regulate CO2 assimilation and antioxidant protection, and we have shown that Fe-deficient source leaves have lower levels of nonstructural carbohydrates


HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr 2020;9(5):684-686 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/hbsn-2020-5 Since the Chinese economic reform in 1978, its medical field has made remarkable progress in the past 40 years. In most medical fields, China's diagnosis and treatment methods are comparable to the international high standards. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the medical research team and the improvement of laboratory research equipment and methods, China has achieved some influential and internationally recognized research outcomes. However, overall, China still lags behind developed countries in terms of high-level original medical research, especially in high evidence-based medical research (1). China has a large population base, and the number of cases is among the highest in the world. If Chinese doctors can make full use of these patient resources, it would be very beneficial to conduct research on disease pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment. However, many clinical studies currently focus on quantity rather than quality, so it is difficult to obtain research results that can change clinical practice. There are subjective and objective factors leading to this situation. What is the future of clinical research in China? This question will be discussed from the following four aspects.


Purpose – The purpose of this case study is to discuss the creation of robust preservation functionality within PURR. The study seeks to discuss the customization of the HUBzero platform, composition of digital preservation policies, and the creation of a novel, machine-actionable metadata model for PURR's unique digital content. Additionally, the study will trace the implementation of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model and track PURR's progress towards Trustworthy Digital Repository certification. Design/methodology/approach – This case study discusses the use of the Center for Research Libraries Trusted Repository Audit Checklist (TRAC) certification process and ISO 16363 as a rubric to build an OAIS institutional repository for the publication, preservation, and description of unique datasets. Findings – ISO 16363 continues to serve as a rubric, barometer and set of goals for PURR as development continues. To become a trustworthy repository, the PURR project team has consistently worked ...


The study described in this paper was conducted as part of the European Funded CleanSky2 project AFC4TR (Active Flow Control for Tilt-Rotor aircraft). High Fidelity numerical simulations were made to study various approaches of using Active Flow Control (AFC) actuators to delay flow separation at near stall conditions of the Next Generation Civil Tilt Rotor (NGCTR) VTOL aircraft with a tilted nacelle used during take-off and landing. The study revealed that for this configuration the flow separations travel in the spanwise direction starting from the middle of the wing. Various flow control strategies using Zero Net Mass Flux (ZNMF) actuators (synthetic jets) were then tested. Different number of actuators were integrated on the wing at different positions in order to optimize the effectiveness of these devices. It was found that when placed correctly, using the optimal blowing velocity and actuation frequency, ZNMF devices help to delay flow separation, resulting in a reduction of pressure drag and an increase in the aircraft's aerodynamic efficiency.


The current landscape of higher education in Brazil has a pent-up demand. Given this context, the Brazilian government created a nationa l system of higher distance education. The UFSC is one of the participating ins titutions offering undergraduate courses in Business Administration in the distance mode. In the process of distance education there is the figure of the tutor, which h as a very important role to guide the process of student learning. Thus, the process that compete to tutor the distance must be known and mapped, with the objective of organizational effectiveness. Thus, this article aims to map the general process of the function of the distance tutor travel the distance of Directors UFSC. Research can be classified as ap plied, case study, descriptive and qualitative.


Pradana, Hendry Setia. 2011. The Correlation Between Vocabulary Mastery and Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of SMK Negeri 1 Batang in Academic Year 2010/2011.Final Project, English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts, Semarang State University. First Advisor: Prof.Dr. Mursid Saleh, M.A., Second Advisor: Triyoga Dharma Utami, S.Pd., M.Hum.

Key words: correlation, vocabulary mastery, reading comprehension.

 This final project is about the correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension of the tenth grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Batang in Academic Year 2010/2011. The objectives of this study are to find out the students' vocabulary mastery of the tenth grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Batang in academic year 2010/2011, to find out the students' reading comprehension of the tenth grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Batang in academic year 2010/2011, and to find out whether or not there is a significant correlation between students' vocabulary mastery and their reading comprehension.
 The object of this study was the year ten students of SMK Negeri 1 Batang. The researcher took class X-AK 2 as the sample class. In order to achieve the objectives, the researcher used a correlation quantitative to collect the data because the data stated in numeral form, and the data will be analyzed and finally it will be computed by using Pearson's Product Moment Formula. The writer used test as his instrument. The writer chose the test to get and collect the data. The purpose of test was to get the quantitative data, which was in the form of the test score. There was only one meeting to get the data. That meeting was used to give the test. There were two kinds of tests; the first test is vocabulary test and the second is the test of reading comprehension.
The result showed that there was 86.66% of the sample group mastering the vocabulary. It meant that value of vocabulary mastery is 65, so category of the students' mean value of vocabulary mastery's score is fair, because it is between 65-74. While in reading comprehension test there was 86.66% of the sample group reading comprehension. And the result means value of reading comprehension's test is 70, 17, so category of the students' mean value of reading comprehension's score is fair, because it is between 65–74. And from the calculation of hypothesis test, the t-value had been 0,910 and t-table had been 0,361. It meant that t-value had been higher than t-table. Thus, there had been significant correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension from the tenth grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Batang in academic year 2010/2011.
To get a good achievement in reading comprehension, the students have to master vocabulary very well. Because vocabulary lesson is not explicitly specified in the curriculum, the teachers have a duty to help their students in improving their vocabulary in teaching English based on their class vocation.


Security in a network computing systems is a multifaceted problem, because risks are multiple: malicious code, intrusion by non-authorized users, sensitive information traversing a non-protected network, etc. In this paper we analyze security risks of such systems and propose some solutions. We use Purdue's PUNCH as the target system to illustrate the proposals. Keywords—Network computing, PUNCH, security


Abstract. The objective of this paper and its companion (Wing et al., 2018) is to show
that ground-based lidar temperatures are a stable, accurate, and precise
data set for use in validating satellite temperatures at high vertical
resolution. Long-term lidar observations of the middle atmosphere have been
conducted at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), located in southern
France (43.93∘ N, 5.71∘ E), since 1978. Making use of
20 years of high-quality co-located lidar measurements, we have shown that
lidar temperatures calculated using the Rayleigh technique at 532 nm are
statistically identical to lidar temperatures calculated from the
non-absorbing 355 nm channel of a differential absorption lidar (DIAL)
system. This result is of interest to members of the Network for the
Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) ozone lidar community
seeking to produce validated temperature products. Additionally, we have
addressed previously published concerns of lidar–satellite relative warm bias
in comparisons of upper-mesospheric and lower-thermospheric (UMLT)
temperature profiles. We detail a data treatment algorithm which minimizes
known errors due to data selection procedures, a priori choices, and
initialization parameters inherent in the lidar retrieval. Our algorithm
results in a median cooling of the lidar-calculated absolute temperature
profile by 20 K at 90 km altitude with respect to the standard OHP
NDACC lidar temperature algorithm. The confidence engendered by the long-term
cross-validation of two independent lidars and the improved lidar temperature
data set is exploited in Wing et al. (2018) for use in multi-year satellite
validations.


In order to control the pushing/engulfment behavior of the reinforced particles,the brazing technology and joint interfacial microstructure of aluminum alloy MMCs SiC/A356 using Zn-Al filler is studied in an electromagnetic field at different AC square peak value.Results show that the behavior of the reinforced particles in solidified metal is controlled effectively by applying electromagnetic force when the magnetic intensity is 0.5T,AC square current frequency is 100Hz and peak value is 70A.The SiC particles distribute uniformly and dispersive throughout the brazing seam without segregation phenomenon at the interface.


SMC-s both in vivo and in vitro have a function in matrix macromolecule production. Under certain conditions the synthesizing function of the SMC-s seems to be more important than their contractile function. The modified less differentiated SMC-s participate in the synthesis of connective tissue macromolecules while the differentiated "resting" SMC-s maintain the functional activity.


The present study proposes a systemic model for the operation of small local environmental centers, as a key factor for the implementation of environmental policies that are close to local communities. The presentation and analysis of the required activities of local environmental organizations and the duties of their staff highlights their complex and demanding multidisciplinary character. The consequent necessity to optimize their operation, in order to respond more holistically and effectively to their complex mission, has been the motivation for the present study, proposing a planned operation based on techniques from Systems Science.