The paper presents the results of a lysimetric experiment to study the aftereffect of the use of biocompost on the change in agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. The positive influence of the aftereffect of the use of biocompost and effluent on the agrochemical properties of the soil has been experimentally established. The best result in improving the agrochemical indicators of soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil is observed with the aftereffect from the use of 10 t/ha of biocompost based on the joint composting of animal waste with sewage sludge from housing and communal services. Thus, the amount of absorbed bases increased by  1,9 mmol/100 g; the degree of soil saturation with bases increased by 1,6 %; organic matter content increased by 0,64 %; the content of mobile phosphorus increased by 250 mg/kg; the content of mobile potassium increased by 19 mg/kg.


The corrosion inhibitor synthesized from the residual of chemical plant consists of not only imidazolyl amine and naphthenate amine but also other effective compounds, which promotes the synergic effect of corrosion inhibitor.


The different understanding to modernity and the different way of thinking have diffrent uenced the situation anding to modernity and way of thinking,searchld adjust their study greatly influenced the literature creation in the 1930s.Due to the difference of writers' standpoint,character,and aesthetic value,there appeared three ways in understanding modernity and practice.This paper analyzes these three ways in a detailed way.


The interruptible load can be used to alleviate the peak load demand and reduce the peak load price,while the shadow price shows the extent of the lack of power resource.The shadow price was obtained through the optimal power flow model,and the economy of interruptible loads is analyzed based on the equilibrium of the shadow price and the interruptible load price.The test result on the IEEE 30-bus system proves that the theory is correct and rational.


The group is ordered based on an estimate of the road context. This estimate of information is derived from at least one sensor (1) of vehicle operating parameters internal thereto and at least one sensor (2) of parameters external to the vehicle, said parameters being able to estimate the type the road surface on which said vehicle is traveling and the state of the car traffic thereon. The sensor (2) is advantageously constituted by a scanning rangefinder forming part of an inter-vehicle distance control device.


The Southern Ocean seasonal sea ice zone (SIZ) spring is characterized by sea ice retreat and the development of phytoplankton blooms. Until recently, assessing SIZ blooms and associated net community production (bNCP) has been limited by a lack of under‐ice observations. We relate the timing of phytoplankton growth to the drawdown of surface nitrate and sea ice cover and estimate bNCP from biogeochemical profiling float observations. The onset of biological production closely follows initial sea ice breakup and, on average, 64% of bNCP occurs before total sea ice retreat. This indicates that satellite‐derived estimates largely miss under‐ice production and underestimate SIZ bNCP. Float bNCP estimates range from <1 to >4 mol C m−2 bloom−1, with higher bNCP when sea ice breakup occurs early in the year, and the highest bNCP near topographic features that may increase micronutrient supply. Our results suggest changes in Southern Ocean sea ice will influence future bNCP.


BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness of short courses of antibiotic therapy for patients with acute streptococcal pharyngitis. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials comparing short-course antibiotic therapy (≤5 days) with long-course antibiotic therapy (≥7 days) for patients with streptococcal pharyngitis were included. Two primary outcomes: early clinical cure and early bacterial eradication. RESULTS: Fifty randomized clinical trials were included. Overall, short-course antibiotic treatment was as effective as long-course antibiotic treatment for early clinical cure (odds ratio (OR) 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 to 1.15). Subgroup analysis showed that short-course penicillin was less effective for early clinical cure (OR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.82) and bacteriological eradication (OR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.61) in comparison to long-course penicillin. Short-course macrolides were equally effective, compared to long-course penicillin. Finally, short-course cephalosporin was more effective for early clinical cure (OR 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.96) and early microbiological cure (OR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.27) in comparison to long-course penicillin. In total, 1211 (17.7%) participants assigned to short-course antibiotic therapy, and 893 (12.3%) cases assigned to long-course, developed adverse events (OR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.68). CONCLUSIONS: Macrolides and cephalosporins belong to the list of "Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials"; hence, long-course penicillin V should remain as the first line antibiotic for the management of patients with streptococcal pharyngitis as far as the benefits of using these two types of antibiotics do not outweigh the harms of their unnecessary use.


Simple Summary Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful syndrome in horses that causes significant health problems. Despite its clinical importance, very few investigations on its etiopathogenesis have been performed. This study investigates the association of different bacterial species, including the red complex bacteria (RCB, i.e., Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veilonella parvula, and Prevotella intermedia, with periodontal disease and other risk factors. Tannerella spp. and Treponema spp. were detected with a significantly higher proportion in horses affected by EPD than in healthy animals. Overall, the investigated pathogens, belonging to RCB, were detected in a low number of horses. Age was found to be the main risk factor, with horses aged older than 20 years being at higher risk of EPD. A very high rate of coinfection was statistically associated with EPD, and, thus, EPD supported the multiagent etiology of this equine complex syndrome. Abstract Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful oral inflammatory syndrome characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Although it is well known that bacterial proliferation and consequent gingivitis are caused by the decomposition process of food residues, in hypsodont species, the pathogenetic role and the different bacterial species involved in the progression of EPD must be fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association of bacteria, including the complex red bacteria (RCB), with EPD, and to evaluate possible EPD risk factors. Bacterial species, including Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (belonging to the RCB), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veilonella parvula, and Prevotella intermedia, were investigated in 125 oral swabs from healthy and EPD-affected horses using real-time multiplex PCR. Subsequently, possible risk factors (i.e., age, gender, and breed of the animals and type of feed used) were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Tannerella spp. and Treponema spp. were detected in a significantly higher proportion of horses affected by EPD than in healthy animals, although pathogens belonging to RCB were detected in low number of horses. At the same time, none of the investigated pathogens was significantly associated with a particular stage of disease severity. Horses aged older than 20 years were at higher risk of EPD. The high rate of coinfection, statistically associated with EPD, supports the hypothesis that EPD is a complex syndrome characterized by the possible simultaneous involvement of several pathogens and an increased risk depending on the animal's age. Constant oral hygiene is the best prevention to prevent and treat the disease, especially in old animals.


Non-uniformity correction is important to the application of infrared cameras.In order to promote the development of this technology,a new design of small black-body reference with small bulk,high precision,broad temperature range and convenient installation characters is introduced.The design chooses small and efficient thermoelectric cooler as black-body reference and takes the arithmetic of fuzzy-PID.Through serious testing and analysis,objective evaluations are given to stability,emissivity and uniformity of black-body,which proved that this new design is quiet practical.


The year 2008 was a pioneer of Chinese social and economic history, Liang Fangzhong's hundredth birthday. He accumulated stores of studies on the social and economic history of the Ming Dynasty. His masterpiece was the study on Yitiaobiarfa that was the tax system at that times. In memory of him, Chinese Economic History Society, the Department of History at Sun Yat-sen University, and the Department of History at Tsinghua University held jointly an international conference in Guangzhou, China on November 19-21 2008. More than 100 scholars came from Korea, China, Hongkong, Taiwan, Japan, America, England and Australia, and 58 treatises were published at that conference. On November 21, the highlight of the conference, the sectional meetings were held. The subject matters of sectional meetings were compulsory labor systems, agricultural productions and the production of handicraft, family register systems and land systems, fiscal policies, money and banking, social life, documents and social economy, state and society, international trade, theories of the social and economic history, markets and circulation, and prices and society. Here, we summarize 12 treatises of them. On the other hand, we explored the historic scenes of Guangdong Province(Canton) on November 19-24. During the period, we debated about the linguistic and cultural characters of Guangdong and the identity and the revolutionary spirit of Guangdong. The scenes that we had visited were the Beijing Street(Beijinglu), Haizhu Huangpu Ancient Times Harbor Landscape Area(Huangpugugang), Huangpu Village (Huangpucun), The Hong Xiuquan MemoriaI(Hongxiuquanjinianguan), The House of Hong Xiuquan's birth (Hongxiuquanguju), Shamian Guangzhou, the 623 Monument(Shajicananjinianbei), Lin Zexu Memorial in Humen(Linzexujinianguan), Sea Battle Museum(Haizhanbowuguan), The Site of Humen Battery(Humenpaotai), Guangzhou Patriots Cemetery(Guangzhouqiyilieshilingyuan), and Sanyuanli anti-England Monument(SanyuanlikangyingjinianpeD and Sanyuanli Village (Sanyuanlicun).


ABSTRACT On 7–9 July 2016, the palaeontological association Agora Paleobotanica organised its fourth international meeting. It took place at the National History Museum of Brussels and was attended by 45 delegates. This special volume of the Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh compiles key papers presented at this meeting. The topics covered include a wide variety of Devonian to Miocene plant taxa, with exciting new data on both mega- and microfossils.


Although Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses triggered off the famous Rushdie Affairs with "powerful clash of civilizations" undertones, there has not been so far an adequate discussion of the causes of the matter by Chinese the academia of foreign literature. The present thesis argues that though to a great extent it may be explained by the hypothesis of "clash of civilizations", a more satisfactory interpretation may be produced by looking into the identity displacement and post-modern notions in the novel that resulted from Rushdie's complicated cross-cultural background. On the other hand, Rushdie is not totally alienated from his Indian-Muslim upbringing while seeking a new identity in the overall cultural milieu of the West, and for these reasons, the author has a split double self, the best embodiment of which is his double -protagonist narratorial technique.


Victims of traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly develop the neurogenic equinovarus foot. Spastic equinovarus results in a problem limiting the mobility of patients. Most patients have minimal deformities that respond well to nonoperative measures including oral anti-spasticity medication, nerve phenolization and splinting. However, conservative treatments are unsuccessful when spasticity itself is severe or equinovarus is fixed. We report two TBI patients with severe fixed equinovarus after recovery of cognition from a prolonged vegetative state. The two patients were treated with multiple tendons lengthening combined with posterior tibiotalar capsulotomy. At 2-year follow-up, the two patients restored ambulatory function.


The article proposes a scientific and effective method of test quality evaluation based on summarizing defects of the current systems of test quality analysis.Under the guidance of the method,it designs the system of online test quality evaluation on applying the classical test theory and item response theory.The System has functions such as creating a new table,statistic of results,quality analysis,reliability and validity analysis based on classical test theory,etc.It meets the teachers' needs on the analysis of test quality.


A major cause of insulation failure in GIS equipments is due to the high-voltage electrode defect, which usually occurs at the interface formed by metallic conductor, insulator and SF6. The present research is designed to diagnose and assess the severity levels of the partial discharge (PD) provoked by high-voltage electrode defect on GIS insulator surface. With the application of gradually increased voltage, long term tests were conducted on a well-established 252 kV GIS experiment platform to observe the entire evolution process of partial discharge from its very initiation till the eventual flashover. Real time measurement was also undertaken during the tests to capture the trend curve of partial discharge as a result of test time, the scatter plot, histogram, grey-scale map, and the time-frequency map of the partial discharge. The test results indicate that 1) partial discharge initiated by high-voltage electrode defects undergoes three elocutionary phases, namely, the inception phase, the developing phase and the threatening phase; 2) as partial discharge exacerbates, the phase distribution is widening and corresponding shape changes occur in the scatter plot, histogram, grey-scale map, the time-frequency map and the ultraviolet images. It is suggested that the features of phase distribution and the corresponding spectrums be used as important criterion in diagnosing and assessing the severity levels of the partial discharge triggered by high-voltage electrode defect on GIS insulator surface.


The main objective of this work is to propose a modulation strategy focused in minimization of total harmonic distortion (THD) for high power modular multilevel converters. A mathematical approach is given in order to write the Fourier series for a general N levels stepped voltage waveform sythesized by the converter. The study shows how an optimization system using equations for each harmonic component can be drawn in order to minimize THD. A ±200 kV DC, 400 MW inverter based on MMC topology is simulated on PSIM software using the optimized parameters. Three setting cases are presented in order to validade the study. Simulation shows that the proposed modulation can fit total harmonic distortion and individual frequency components into predetermined standards.


International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) seeks to bring to the Indian shores, those financial services transactions that are currently carried on outside India by overseas financial institutions, Indian financial institutions/entities and overseas branches/subsidiaries of Indian financial institutions to a centre which has been designated for all practical purposes as a location having the same ecosystem as their present offshore location, which is physically on Indian Shore. IFSC in Indian context may be defined as centre that provides International Financial Services (IFS) to non-residents and residents in any currency except Indian Rupee from Indian Soil. Financial Services have been contributing significantly to GDP. It is recognised that current and capital account flows invariably involve IFS transactions. The 2007 report of the committee set up by the finance ministry had estimated that even under conservative assumptions, purchases by Indian households and firms of IFS will be nearly $50 billion by 2015, and could exceed $120 billion by 2025. Globally International Financial Centres are major contributor to the business of International Banking, Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI). India, although being a large consumer of international financial services (IFS), only recently (2015) launched IFSC in India. With the starting of the IFSC in India, the landscape of International BFSI is changing rapidly. India, now has a centre through which it can serve both Indian & Global Institutions for their International BFSI requirements. Thus, the new business rules and undertaking of foreign currency transactions under the IFSC, with the similar benefits that had been occurring globally, will completely change the ways International BFSI business carried out in India. In this scenario, the paper attempts to describe how IFSC is changing the landscape for the International BFSI business in India.


Objective To investigate the effects of lentinan (LNT) on lipid peroxidation and NO level in brain tissues of diabetic rats. Methods\ Twenty nine male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group(n=10), diabetic group(n=10) and LNT treatment group(n=9). The morphological changes of brain tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) in the brain tissues were assayed by spectophotometer, respectivly. Results Cerebral edema, encephalomalacia,demyelination in the white matter were observed by histopathology. Swelling and criste loss of mitochondria in neurons and neuroglial cells, demyelination of nerve fibers and vascular endothelial cell damages were seen by electron microscopy. The activities of SOD in diabetic brain tissues was decreased; but the activities of NOS and content of NO increased in comparison with those of control group. After treatment with LNT, the activities of SOD were increased and NOS activity, content of NO and MDA were decreased in comparison with those in diabetic rats. Conclusion LNT possesses effects on prevention of brain tissue damages in diabetic rats by enhancement of anti oxidation activities and reduction of NO level.


Fifty years ago a veterinary practitioner who professed an interest in poultry was hard to find and he probably did not expect to add to his income by advice or aid given on poultry disease problems. The situation has changed in the past half-century, but the opportunities which exist are still greater than the interest shown. It is equally true that the poultryman of 50 years ago seldom asked his local veterinarian for help in solving his problems. The poultry industry now recognizes that the veterinary profession plays an integral part in its economy. This change has been due to the untiring efforts of a number of individuals and agencies including the veterinary press which has been publishing an increasing number of articles on all phases of poultry research. National organizations such as the American Veterinary Medical Association, the United States Livestock Sanitary Association and Poultry Science Association, as well as their local counterpart organizations, have played major roles in convincing both the veterinarian and the poultryman that they have mutual problems and interests. The USDA, Bureau of Animal Industry (ARS), the agricultural experiment stations and veterinary schools also have done much to show both the poultryman and the veterinarian that the poultry industry needs the services of the veterinary profession. Although few practitioners were concerned with poultry disease problems 50 years ago, there were a number of veterinary scientists who already had made outstanding contributions to this field. Names of American scientists associated with early developments in poultry disease research include many who were responsible also for the early advances in other animal disease


The aim of this study was to find out the politeness strategies of Mandailing language in makkobar wedding ceremony. The Subjects were taken from the participants of the makkobar wedding ceremony. There are four participants involved in the party, namely mora, anak boru, kahanggi, and suhut. The techniques of collecting data were observing and recording the speeches of the participants in the makkobar then interviewing "ketua adat mandailing". The research observed the subject closely and interviewed them to certify the trusworthness of this research. This study investigated the politeness strategies in Mandailing language, such as the using of kinship terms, pronoun, indirect speech and greeting. Then, the types of politeness strategies found in that party are Generosity Maxim, Approbation Maxim, Modesty Maxim, Agreement Maxim and Sympathy Maxim. Compare to Generosity Maxim, Approbation Maxim, Agreement Maxim and Sympathy Maxim, Modesty Maxim is dominantly used by the speakers. The reason for applying this dominant type of politeness is caused by the speakers who are involved in that party tried to save the hearer's face by getting closer to the hearer. As there is pantang or the prohibition to talk directly, the speaker tries to avoid the recklessness in the party. Thus, it minimizes the distance between speaker and hearer by getting closer each other.


Iridium oxide, a water oxidation cocatalyst, plays an important role in mediating the hole transfer process of a UV-irradiated TiO2 system. Spectroscopic identification of trapped holes has enabled their characterization in colloidal TiO2 suspension and monitoring of the transfer of trapped holes to IrO2. Titration of trapped holes with potassium iodide yields an estimate of three holes per particle during 7 min of UV irradiation of TiO2 suspension in ethanol containing 5% acetic acid. The hole transfer to IrO2 occurs with a rate constant of 6 × 105 s–1. Interestingly, IrO2 also catalyzes the recombination of trapped holes with reduced oxygen species. The results discussed here provide a mechanistic and kinetic insight into the catalytic role of IrO2 in the photogenerated hole transfer process.


work presents the findings of a recently completed three-year study of the impact of federal court decisions on the policies and administration of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in all seven of its major statutory areas.1 The topic is important for several reasons. First, the EPA is a large public agency with a staff of over 15,000 and a budget of more than $4.9 billion. It is responsible for implementing the federal laws designed to protect the environment. The EPA has jurisdiction over the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Its far-reaching regulations penetrate every level of our society. Next, environmental policy and administration are growing daily as


About the Editor. International Advisory Panel. List of Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Section I: What Personal Construct Psychology Is All About. Chapter 1: George Alexander Kelly: The Man and his Theory (Fay Fransella and Robert A. Neimeyer). Chapter 2: The Logic of Passion (Don Bannister). Chapter 3: The Power of a Good Theory (Sean Brophy, Fay Fransella and Nick Reed). Section II: What Are Some of PCP's Techniques? Chapter 4: Some Skills and Tools for Personal Construct Users (Fay Fransella). Chapter 5: A Range of Elicitation Methods to Suit Client and Purpose (Pam Denicolo). Chapter 6: The Repertory Grid Technique (Richard C. Bell). Chapter 7: Making Sense of Dependency (Beverly M. Walker). Chapter 8: Expertise and Expert Systems: Emulating Psychological Processes (Mildred L.G. Shaw and Brian R. Gaines). Chapter 9: From Theory to Research to Change (Fay Fransella). Section III: How Can PCP Help Us to Understand People or Help Them to Change? Part 1: Working with the Individual or Individuals in Small Groups. Chapter 10: Is Treatment a Good Idea? (George A. Kelly). Chapter 11: An Audacious Adventure: Personal Construct Counselling and Psychotherapy (Franz R. Epting, Marco Gemignani and Malcolm C. Cross). Chapter 12: The Evidence Base for Personal Construct Psychotherapy (David Winter). Chapter 13: Constructive Intervention with Children when Presented as Problems (Tom Ravenette). Chapter 14: How Can We Understand One Another if We Don't Speak the Same Language? (Devi Jankowicz). Chapter 15: Working with Anger (Peter Cummins). Chapter 16: An Approach to Post-Traumatic Stress (Kenneth W. Sewell). Chapter 17.1: Nursing (Julie M. Ellis, Jacqui Costigan and Julie Watkinson). Chapter 17.2: Family Therapy (Harry Procter). Chapter 17.3: The Metropolitan Police, London: A Personal Account (John Porter). Chapter 17.4 :A Sporting Use of Personal Construct Psychology (David Savage). Chapter 17.5: Artificial Intelligence (Jack Adams-Webber). Part 2: Working with Large Groups of People. Chapter 18: Construing Teaching and Teacher Education Worldwide (Maureen Pope). Chapter 19: Making Sense of the 'Group Mind' (Adrian Robertson). Chapter 20: Charting Organizational Change (Nelarine Cornelius). Chapter 21: Clarifying Corporate Values: A Case Study (Sean Brophy). Section IV: Where Might Personal Construct Psychology Be Going Now? Chapter 22: Personal Construct Psychotherapy and the Constructivist Horizon (Robert A. Neimeyer and Scott A. Baldwin). Chapter 23: New Avenues to Explore and Questions to Ask (Fay Fransella). Appendix 1: Theoretical Definitions. Appendix 2: Some Basic Books on Personal Construct Psychology. Appendix 3: Internet Resources for Personal Construct Psychology (Brian R. Gaines). References. Index.


Commentary on: Metsch LR, Feaster DJ, Gooden L, et al. Effect of risk-reduction counseling with rapid HIV testing on risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections: the AWARE randomised clinical trial. JAMA 2013;310:1701–10.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a key entry point to care and treatment services for those who test HIV positive, and to prevention services for those who test HIV negative. Over the past few decades, HTC has been scaled up globally through client-initiated and provider-initiated testing services. The WHO recommends counselling as an integral part of all HIV testing strategies: 'Testing services must be accompanied by appropriate and high-quality pretest information or pretest counselling and post-test counselling'.1 However, the nature and extent of pretest counselling in particular has been debated, as extensive counselling requirements may pose human resource …

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Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species influencing the host fitness by disease suppression, contaminant degradation, and plant growth promotion. In the present study, an endophytic bacterium has been isolated from root of Finger millet ( Eleusine coracana (L.)) and screened for different plant growth promoting activities viz . Phosphate solubilization, Nitrogen fixation, Indole acetic acid IAA production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. The results showed that out of 30 endophytic isolates 7 isolate showed phosphate solubilization activity, 2 isolates showed nitrogen fixing activity, 4 isolates showed IAA production activity and 9 isolates showed ACC deaminase activity. On the basis of In vitro efficacy, isolate EP 6 showed phosphate solubilization, IAA production and ACC deaminase activity whereas, EP 17 showed nitrogen fixation, IAA production and ACC deaminase activity. Two most potent isolates were characterized and identified as Bacillus subtilis (EP 6) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (EP 17) as per BIOLOG on the basis of biochemical tests.


A new procedure for rapid quantitative measurement of chlorophyll-like pigment concentrations from data collected by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner on board the Nimbus-7 spacecraft has been implemented. Removal of atmospheric effects revealed ocean features not apparent in the original imagery. Comparison of chlorophyll estimates derived from independent shipboard and satellite data collected concurrently yielded a correlation coefficient of r = 0.92. Satellite chlorophyll images (1260 km on a side) showed a high degree of heterogeneity in the chlorophyll distribution patterns, at all scales. New, recurrent chlorophyll features in the California Current were detected. Comparison of two images collected one month apart showed important changes, both inshore and offshore. Extensive, long-term programs like the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations may largely benefit from the synopticity and repetitive coverage of meaningful satellite observations.


The Rhode Island Supreme Court has revived a gay palimony claim that was dismissed by the trial court on the ground that the alleged agreement arose from a "meretricious" relationship. According to the supreme court, the nature of the relationship is irrelevant if there is valid consideration for the agreement. Doe v. Burkland, 2002 WL 31510758 (Nov. 12, 2002). "John Doe" and John Burkland lived together as domestic partners for nine years. At some point during their relationship, they registered as domestic partners with the city of New York. However, their relationship "soured and ended on bad terms," according to the opinion for the supreme court by Justice Flanders. Indeed, the terms of dissolution were so heated that the plaintiff, identified as "John Doe" in the court's opinion, filed an action in the Providence County Superior Court seeking an injunction against Burkland's alleged harassment and threats. Burkland responded with a denial of Doe's allegations, and counterclaimed alleging breach of an oral agreement to share equally all property acquired by either of the men during their period of living together. Burkland asserted a variety of alternative theories in addition to his breach of contract claim, including implied contract, promissory estoppel, constructive trust, resulting trust, and unjust enrichment. Doe, which originally filed this action under his own name, moved to dismiss the counterclaims. Granting the motion to dismiss, the trial judge asserted that an agreement arising out of a "meretricious relationship" could not be enforced as a matter of public policy. Finding that Rhode Island law does not recognize "a marital dissolution between unmarried couples, homosexual or heterosexual," she rejected all of Borklund's counterclaim theories, and he appealed. Once the appeal was filed, Doe, apparently concerned that his name might end up being published in an official state supreme court decision, filed a motion for permission to redact his name in all court papers and to proceed anonymously as John Doe. The superior court granted that motion. The Supreme Court totally rejected the trial court's conception of the case. Justice Flanders rejected the idea that the alleged propertysharing agreement arose from a meretricious relationship, pointing out that Burkland's counterclaim does not say anything about a sexual relationship between the men. Rather, Burkland identifies them as being domestic partners who were registered as such in New York City, and alleges that he agreed to "devote his skills, effort, labors and earnings" to assist Doe in his career, and that Burkland provided homemaking services, business consulting and counseling. Justice Flanders found that if these allegations are proven, they would constitute lawful consideration for a property-sharing agreement. Flanders invoked the seminal California Supreme Court palimony ruling, Marvin v. Marvin, 557 P.2d 106 (Cal. 1976), in which that court accepted a breach of contract claim by actor Lee Marvin's former girlfriend, who asserted that Marvin had made various promises of financial support to her in the course of their relationship, and that she had provided a variety of non-sexual services to him. Flanders also noted that a lower California court had extended the palimony concept to same-sex partners in Whorton v. Dillingham, 248 Cal. Rptr. 405 (1988). In a footnote, Flanders observed that more than 30 states have followed the lead of Marvin, and in more than 20 of those states implied as well as express agreements are recognized in a palimony context. Only three states were known to have rejected the concept outright. Flanders also observed that the fact of a sexual relationship does not preclude parties from making valid contracts with each other. In Rhode Island, for example, the court has ruled that the Family Court has jurisdiction to enforce a child custody and visitation agreement made between lesbian co-parents who were domestic partners, in Rubano v. DiCenzo, 759 A.2d 959 (R.I. 2000), and in another case from Wisconsin, Estate of Steffes, 290 N.W.2d 697 (Wis. 1980), a home-care nurse who had an adulterous affair with her patient could bring an action against his estate for non-sexual services rendered. "In sum," wrote Flanders, " as long as the alleged consideration for the parties' putative agreement was not illegal, a suit for enforcement of that contract can proceed, subject to whatever other defenses may exist." Furthermore, Flanders found that the trial court should not have automatically rejected Burkland's other theories. Unjust enrichment restitution could provide a valid claim: "Here, Burkland asserted that the legal consideration he provided to his former domestic partner for more than nine years unduly enriched plaintiff by benefiting his career and by helping him maintain his relationship with his children," wrote Flanders. "Also, a resulting or constructive trust may have arisen in this case when plaintiff allegedly acquired property in his individual name during the relationship subject to an agreement to share the same with Borklund." Flanders concluded that at least a court with equitable jurisdiction should entertain these claims on the merits. Finally, turning to the issue of anonymity, the court found that the Superior Court erred in granting Doe's motion, nine months after commencement of trial, to render his participation anonymous. Doe's real name had been on court papers on file in the clerk's office for that entire period of time, and his real name had been used by counsel during the arguments in open court, so the supreme court found that he had waived any claim retreat into anonymity at this point. However, the court did not use Doe's real name anywhere in the opinion, which suggests that he could preserve his anonymity by offering an acceptable settlement to Borklund in exchange for an agreement to withdraw the complaint. A.S.L.


The movement for the reform of court procedure which has been going forward in this country for the past fifteen years has had two main objectives. One is the creation of judicial councils to act as advisors to the legislature and also to the courts on matters of procedural reform. The other is to persuade courts themselves to play a far larger role than they have in the past, by exercising more fully their ancient rule-making powers. Gradually it is being realized that the two are complementary. If a court is to use rule-making as a means of reform, it needs a judicial council to advise it. Similarly a judicial council is greatly hampered in its work if it has always to appeal to the legislature rather than to the courts to carry out its suggestions. Hence, the problem of the mechanics of procedural reform has come to revolve around the role of courts equipped with judicial councils. The questions which it is proposed to discuss here are, what should be the extent of rule-making powers and who should exercise these powers and sit on judicial councils. It may be well to review briefly the history of the judicial rule-making power and of judicial councils. The earliest English rules of court extant are the Chancery Orders of 1388.1 By the beginning of the seventeenth century we find all four of the King's courts enacting rules, 2 a practice which has continued to this day. Before the nineteenth century the courts seldom used their rule-making powers as a means of reform. An examination of


The latest published diplomatic documents of the Czechoslovak Republic have been analyzed in the paper. They are noted to be a valuable source of information concerning the history of Czechoslovak foreign policy and international relations in Central Europe after World War I.


The efficacy of free autogenous fat grafts in inhibiting healing of partial ulnar ostectomies was investigated. Fat grafts did impede or prevent bone union in the treated ulnar ostectomies. Protection from forced weight bearing on the operated limb by splinting minimized varus deformity of the radius and ulna, and enhanced the survival of the fat graft and the formation of an ulnar nonunion. The procedure was then applied to treatment of radius curvus resulting from surgically induced premature distal ulnar physeal closure. Partial ulnar ostectomy with free autogenous fat grafting released the ulnar restraint on radial growth and allowed partial correction of the degree of radial curve associated with premature distal ulnar physeal closure.


Fluctuating pressures have been measured in a rectangular jet using static probes connected to 1/8‐in. microphones by plastic tubing. Tests were made with the jet free and with it impinging on an airfoil, as part of an effort to predict dynamic loads and jet noise effects on STOL aircraft. Signals were processed singly with rms and 1/3‐octave analyzers, as well as in pairs with a digital correlator whose output was Fourier analyzed to get spectral densities (corrected for instrumentation effects), relative amplitudes, phase angles, and coherences. Comparing pressure spectra of the rectangular jet with those of a previously analyzed circular jet, it was found that the typical single frequency peak of the latter was replaced by several peaks, the two most prominent corresponding to the rectangular dimensions of the jet. When the airfoil was present, the higher peak was repressed and an intermediate peak was accentuated. Cross‐correlation and phase/coherence measurements indicated the presence of vortices al...


For renewable energy generations, current ripples should be small to maximize generated energy and lifetime of energy sources. Thereby, boost integrated converters have been researched for reducing current ripples. However, the conventional converters have low power density due to a large inductor. In addition, large conduction losses in diode and switching losses occur, which causes low efficiency. Therefore, to solve the aforementioned problems, a new resonant DC/DC converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter has a new structure with a coupled inductor. With a new structure, it has small current ripples so that it can be designed with small inductor. In addition, a diode can be eliminated and zero-voltage switching can be achieved. As a result, the proposed converter has higher power density and efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed converter is verified with specification of 200W solar power generation.


A detailed parametric investigation of the linear dispersion relation of electron-ion (e-i) and electron-electron-ion (e-e-i) in the hydrogen plasma fluid is carried out in order to determine the different current driven instabilities that can exist in each case


REVIEW QUESTION
The question of this review is: what is the effect of dietary inorganic nitrate on blood pressure in adults with blood pressure >120/80mmHg?


SARS-COV-2 disease also known as (COVID-19) is a newly discovered viral disease that can be fatal. The majority of patients will experience mild to severe respiratory problems and will improve without need for special treatment. Deep learning (DL) has proven beneficial in medical imaging, and several research have begun to study Deep Learning based solutions for the aided detection of lung disorders in the aftermath of the recent COVID19 epidemic. While previous research has focused on Chest Tomography scans, this study investigates the use of DL approaches to analyse lung ultrasound data. We provide a new completely annotated dataset of LUS pictures gathered from multiple Italian hospitals, with labels reflecting the severity of illness at the frame and pixel levels. In the proposed system, a deep network named Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based transfer learning (Mobile-Net) is used, developed from Spatial Transformer Networks (STN) that which predicts the disease from the given image. Once after the disease prediction, we will use UNet for the segmentation of the predicted disease part from the given image.


Mining and Mineral Exploration practices are very much essential for the economic prosperity of the Country. Theenvironmental ethical problem of this field is the economic benefits on one hand and the environmental costs on theother hand. The problem of environmental impacts on exploitation and utilization of mineral resources presents acomplex socioeconomic dilemma defying solution. Responsible Mining Principles and DPSIR (Drivers, Pressures,States, Impacts, and Responses) analysis are the two analytical tools which are highly supportive in a decisionmakingprocess. Through DPSIR and Stakeholder analysis, we can assess how future mining in India can besustainably implemented. The analysis revealed that numerous stakeholders have to be taken into consideration witha wide range of different interests. Strict environmental legislation of 'National Mineral Policy', 'EnvironmentImpact Assessment' and 'Polluter Pays Principle' can ensure economic benefits while environmental impacts remainnegligible


We investigate the equilibrium states of the one-dimensional ion conductor. The consideration is based on the Pauli lattice model that takes into account the ion transfer, interaction between the nearest-neighbouring ions and the modulating (cid:28)eld. By using the exact diagonalization method for the (cid:28)nite one-dimensional ion conductor in the periodic boundary conditions we have calculated one-particle spectral densities and obtained phase diagrams of the system for di(cid:27)erent values of interaction between the ions and the modulating (cid:28)eld.


Bullock, K.L., Viljoen, F. & Kotze, J.J. 2014. Habitat associations and impact of habitat degradation on small mammals in the Heritage Park, North West Province, South Africa. Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein 30(1): 1–17. The association between small mammals and their surrounding habitat features were investigated during the growing seasons of 2008 and 2009 in the 90 333 ha proposed Heritage Park corridor between Pilanesberg National Park and Madikwe Game Reserve, North West Province, South Africa. Ninety-six sites were surveyed using live capture traps. Habitat associations of the five most abundant species were analysed using Multivariate Community Analysis Techniques. Mastomys coucha showed varying degrees of association with the different habitat features. This species was associated with areas of lower altitude and varying soil clay content, and was most abundant in areas with slight or no overgrazing. Aethomys chrysophilis preferred lower-lying habitat with varying clay content, no surface rock, little overgrazing and no bush encroachment; Tatera leucogaster had a strong association with habitats at lower altitude, sandy soil, low surface rock and varying tree density; Saccostomus campestris was strongly associated with areas at lower altitude, sandy soils, no surface rock and varying tree density; Crocidura sp. strongly preferred areas with no surface rock and low or no overgrazing. Such clear understanding of habitat selection criteria of small mammal species in diverse landscapes can suggest conservation and management strategies valuable to land managers. (rodents, shrews, Canonical Correspondence Analysis) ISBN 978-1-86847-159-1 2 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein Volume 30, Part 1


Using quasi experimental design, the study was conducted primarily to compare the effectiveness of using English as a medium of instruction in Physical Education with Chinese as a medium of instruction in Physical Education course. Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions were drawn: The students who belong to the Chinese (control group) and English (experimental group) showed that they have a low performance in their pretest scores in knowledge and competence which proved that they had a low understanding before instruction, as such the students did not meet the average level of proficiency in Physical Education subjects in terms of knowledge and competencies. It can be inferred that students' scores were lower on the pre-test because they had not yet studied the material which was tested. Furthermore, the following were also inferred based from the results: A significant difference in the knowledge and competencies of the control and experimental group based on their pre-test scores was noted as such there should be interventions even before the experiment. This suggest further that students who were exposed to usage of Chinese as a method of teaching in PE still registered a significant increase in the students' knowledge and competencies. The difference between the post test scores in the two groups in favor of the experimental groups was proven significant. This means that learning took place in the usage of English as a medium of instruction in the experimental group while no significant difference was noted in the level of proficiency in knowledge based on the post test of the control and experimental groups. However, a significant difference was observed on the level of proficiency in the post test results of the two groups in the area of competencies. The increased in the post-test which means that they have retained what they have learned better when they were taught Physical Education using English as a medium of instruction. Significant difference was observed in the level of proficiency in terms of knowledge and competencies in the pre-test and postest results of the experimental group. Furthermore, no significant difference was noted in the level of proficiency in terms of knowledge and compencies in the pre-test post test results of the control group. On this basis it can be concluded that usage of English as a medium of instruction was effective. This conclusion only applied to the specific context of this study and the specific measures used to assess the effectiveness. There was a low number of participants involved in the study as a result caution was needed to be taken regarding the generalization of the findings.


Insecticidal activities on potato buds against larva of Mythimna separate were conducted by immersion method with extracts of different polar solvents from potato buds(cv.'Zhuangshu No.3')on light and dark condition.The results showed that extracts inhibited the larva from fresh and dry potato buds on light and dark condition with five polar solvents(methanol,ethanol,acetone,petroleum ether and ethyl acetate),the extract with ethyl acetate from dry buds on dark condition had the most strongest contact insecticidal against the larva,the corrected mortality was 52.0% when the extract was diluted 5 times using water.Acetone extract of dry buds on dark condition had a stronger contact effects,the corrected mortality was 18.67%.The extracts from dry buds on light condition with methanol had some extent or a little contact effect,the corrected mortality was below 10.0%.The extracts from dry buds on light condition with ethanol,acetone and petroleum ether of had no contact effects.Extracts from dry buds on dark condition with ethyl acetate had a weaker stomach poison,the corrected mortality was 4.26%.Extract from dry buds on dark condition with ethyl acetate had very strong developmental inhibition actions,the developmental inhibition rate from 6 days after treatment was 67.12%.


Antioxidant are compounds of a natural or endogenous nature that either inhibit or interfere with toxic oxidants created and disable and there by prevent the spread of the chain reaction formed by these oxidants. The methanolic extract of Raphanus sativus leaves has been investigated for its in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vitro antioxidant potency was evaluated by scavenging methods and it was observed that In DPPH Scavenging method Methanolic extract from Raphanus sativus leaves at concentration of (100μg/mL) had radical scavenging activity (IC 50 ) of 117.30 μg/ml) in contrast to standardize ascorbic acid (100μg/mL) IC 50 (78.73 μg/ml). Whereas in Nitric oxide Scavenging method Methanolic extract from Raphanus sativus at concentration of (100μg/mL) had radical scavenging activity (IC 50 ) of 213.04 μg/ml) in contrast to standardize ascorbic acid (100μg/mL) IC 50 (80.0 μg/ml). Apart from these actions, a significant in vivo antioxidant potential was also showed Raphanus sativus leaves methanolic extract exhibited a potent anti-oxidation action with respect to parameter like TBARS, GSH, Catalase and produced significant decrease in tissue MDA, lipid peroxidation & increase in Catalase and GSH. So, in the order of methanolic extract of Raphanus sativus leaves shows antioxidant activity.


The mechanical characteristic at the crack tip is one of the main factors affecting the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in dissimilar metal welded joints (DMWJs). In this research, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneous material properties on the mechanical characteristic at the crack tip of DMWJs accurately, a heterogeneous material model of the SA508 Cl.3-Alloy 52M DMWJ was established based on USDFLD subroutine in ABAQUS. The comparison of the traditional "Sandwich" material model with the heterogeneous material properties, stress-strain conditions, and the plastic zone around the crack tip at the interference zone has been analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The results indicated that the heterogeneous material model could characterize the mechanical properties of the SA508 Cl.3-Alloy 52M DMWJs accurately. In addition, the crack at the interface zone between materials will deflect along with the weld metal in two material models.


We report on the photometric analysis of the poorly studied cataclysmic variable in Ophiuchus 1RXS J174320.1-042953 (DDE 11). Results of the monitoring with the Bradford Robotic Telescope (BRT) are presented, as well as the time-resolved photometry obtained at Montecatini Astronomical Centre. The long-term behavior of J1743-0429 shows it is a magnetic cataclysmic variable (polar) with the large difference between the low and high states. The orbital period obtained from our observations is 0.0866d, or 2.08hr, close to the lower boundary of the period gap of cataclysmic variables.


OBJECTIVE
To elucidate potential problems concerning the use of antidepressants (AD) in general practice.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional, descriptive interview study.

SETTING
General practices, Odense, Denmark.

SUBJECTS
Random sample consisting of 98 AD users from 12 general practices.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Indication for AD treatment, justification of the treatment, duration of AD treatment, daily dose of AD, side effects, Hamilton depression rating, WONCA score.

RESULTS
The primary indication for AD treatment was depression (72 patients), partly regular depression (therapeutic/prophylactic treatment) (n = 39), partly depressive tendencies (n = 32) (1 unknown). Median treatment duration was 3 years; 25% had been in treatment for more than 10 years. The general practitioners judged the treatment problematic/unacceptable in 23 cases, largely because of uncertain indication or because other or no treatment was considered better for the patient. The daily doses of AD were generally low. Side effects were modest. The patients often had a relatively high depression score and poor status according to the WONCA-scale.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of low doses, long duration of treatment, and uncertainty about the relevance of the treatment are important features of the use of AD by general practitioners. There seems to be a discrepancy between the use of AD in general practice and the scientifically-based recommendations.


Globular clusters display significant variations in their l ight-element content, pointing to the existence of a second stellar generation formed from t he ejecta of an earlier generation. The nature of these internal polluters is still a matte r of debate: the two most popular scenarios indicate intermediate-mass AGB stars and fast rotating massive stars. Abundances determination for some key elements can help distinguish between these competitor candidates. We present in this paper Y abundances for a sample of 103 red giant branch stars in NGC 6121. Within measurement errors, we find that the [Y/Fe] is constant in this cluster contrary to a recent suggestion. For a subsample of six stars we a lso find [Rb/Fe] to be constant, consistent with previous studies showing no variation in ot her s-process elements. We also present a new set of stellar yields for intermediate-mass AG B stellar models of 5 and 6 solar masses, including heavy element s-process abundances. The uncertainties on the mass-loss rate, the mixing-length parameter, and the nuclear reactio n rates have a major impact on the stellar abundances. Within the IM-AGB pollution scenario, the constant abundance of heavy elements inside the cluster requires a marginal s-process effi ciency in IM-AGB stars. Such a constrain could still be satisfied by the present models assu ming a stronger mass-loss rate. The uncertainties mentioned above are limiting the predictive power of intermediate-mass AGB models. For these reasons, at the moment we are not able to clearly rule out their role as main polluters of the second population stars in globular cluste rs.


Ann Saudi Med 28(1) January-February 2008 www.saudiannals.net 1 The birth of premature infant of extremely low birthweight (ELBW), around the margins of viability, poses difficult management decisions for health professionals and parents because mortality, morbidity, and human and economic costs are high, and the likelihood of long-term survival without disabilities is low.1,2 Admittedly, the development of neonatal intensive care is effective in the survival of preterm infants, and thus some physicians may feel an obligation to proceed with maximal resuscitation and initiation of neonatal intensive care because such infants occasionally survive, even though they are below what is considered the stage of viability, which has been defined as either the point of ability to survive or the point of ability to grow and develop normally.3 The World Health Organization places 22 weeks of gestational age or 500 gram birthweight as the lower limit, at least for the purpose of perinatal statistics. The International Classification of Diseases describes the perinatal period as starting at 22 completed weeks. The European Association of Perinatal Medicine (EAPM) defines the perinatal period "from 22 completed weeks (154 days) gestation and ending 7 complete days after birth."4 The Eugenic Protection Act in Japan was amended in 1991, shortening the viability limit from 24 to 22 completed weeks of gestation.5 The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that noninitiation of resuscitation for newborns of less than 23 weeks gestational age and/or 400 grams in birthweight is appropriate.6 These amendments directly encourage physicians to fully resuscitate these infants at the delivery room without considering the high mortality and morbidity. In addition, much has changed in neonatal intensive care in the past decade. Exogenous surfactants are administered uniformly for respiratory distress. High-frequency oscillation and inhaled nitric oxide are widely available. Antenatal corticosteroids have become standard therapy for women in whom preterm delivery is threatened. All these changes have contributed posiCall to establish a national lower limit of viability


A 20 years old girl with blue sclerae and history of multiple fractures in childhood with normal dentition and hearing, having a family history of repeated fractures with trivial trauma was clinically diagnosed as Osteogenesis imperfecta type I. She was treated with bisphosphonates and calcium.


The municipality of Vidin, Bulgaria is working to improve overall financial management practices and disbursement and expenditure procedures in particular. The Local Government Initiative consulting team developed recommendations, outlined in this report, to serve as the foundation for financial management design and implementation. The report includes financial reporting forms for the municipality's cost centers (education and health care) and tracking and reporting forms to facilitate the flow of expenditure information from accounting to local policymakers.


Transformative piety is the core of Islamic view that emphasizes the importance of transformative belief in piety activity. Piety means the ability to do good deeds for oneself and others. This research formulated transformative piety education through the formulation of theology, educational philosophy, and educational epistemology. The research found that, first, transformative piety is theologically related with the concept of caliph. Theologically, caliph relates to the concepts of tawhid, taskhiri, and taslim. These concepts make up the bases of Islamic educational paradigm, that is, an educational concept that focuses on the whole concepts (teacher, student, teaching and learning process, goal and method) on the view of tawhid, taskhir, and taslim. Second, the model of transformative piety education therefore contains a number of concepts concerning what, why and how with regard to the implementation of education that brings the students and teachers to focus on transforming science gained in the existence of enhancement of the view of tawhid and activity of taskhir, and the achievement of taslim's consciousness. The method of transformative piety education focuses on consciousness of discrepancy that implicates on the appreciation of process and student context.


( Received November 22,1991 Accepted December 2,1991 ) Clinical utility of fluorescence polarization immunoassay with a monoclonal antibody(m-FPIA) was investigated in the determination of whole blood ciclosporin (CYA) levels in partial liver transplant recipient.CYA levels determined by m-FPIA were almost identical with the values determined by radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibody(m-RIA),while they were 35% higher than the levels analyzed by HPLC.The values determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay with a polyclonal antibody(p-FPIA)were not correlated with CYA levels determined by m-FPIA.It was concluded that m-FPIA was accurate and precise method for determination of CYA levels,so that it was reliable and useful one.The most characteristic advantage of this method is that we can obtain the results within only 30 minutes after the blood was taken from patients.


Synthesis of glasses and glass ceramics by novel processes such as plasma and flame spraying, splat-quenching, sputtering, physical and chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel, etc. is briefly reviewed. These processes allow the preparation of complex glasses and glass-ceramics which may not otherwise be possible by the conventional high temperature means because of the high susceptibility of these materials to devitrification. This paper attempts to highlight the virtues of the sol-gel technique in the synthesis of these materials. Essentially, this technique involves the initial hydration and gelling of metal alkoxides, M(OR)n where M is a metal having a valence n and R is an alkyl CxH2x+l and subsequent heat-treatment of the dessicated gels. This novel approach provides a low temperature route to the preparation of multi-component glasses and glass-ceramics which effectively overcomes the tyranny of the crystallization susceptibility in these materials. Preparation of glasses and glass-ceramics in the ternary Si02-A1203-Zr2 system is demonstrated and their crystallization characteristics are studied with the aid of the X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and infra-red spectroscopy. Similarities and differences in the materials produced by this method as compared with those prepared by the conventional technique are identified and discussed.


INTROUCTION: Diabetes mellitus belongs to a type of metabolic disease
characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from
• Defects in insulin secretion
• Reduction in the effectiveness of secreted insulin
• Combination of the above
The raised blood sugar levels thus produces the characteristic
symptoms of
• polyuria
• polydipsia
• polyphagia .
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of my study was to find the incidence of retinopathy
changes, in newly detected DM type II. 200 eyes of 100 patients
attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of the Stanley
Medical College, Hospital, Chennai between the period from July 2010
to November 2012 were studied. DISCUSSION: The aim of our study was to find the incidence of retinopathy
changes, in newly detected DM type II. 200 eyes of 100 patients
attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of the Stanley
Medical College, Hospital, Chennai were studied. Our observation were
compared with various other studies about diabetic retinopathy.
Various studies performed in India as found that there is an
increased prevalence of DR in type II DM in the past 30 yrs
DR prevalence in newly diagnosed subjects in my study is16%
But it is comparatively lower than the prevalence data found in
Europe study which is 20% to 35% SUMMARY: 200 eyes of 100 patients were studied during the period from
July 2010 to November 2012. The predominantly affected group were between 40 to 50 years of age(42.5%). The male:female ratio was 2.1:1. A majority of patients had visual acuity between 6/9 and 6/18 on first presentation(43.5%). Of them 12% of patients had positive family history. 33% of the patients were exposed to risk factors like smoking,
alcohol and anaemia. 12% 0f the patients had bilateral diabetic retinopathy.
Of the 200 eyes evaluated 62 eyes had NPDR and 2 had PDR
while 336 had no features of diabetic retinopathy.
Among the NPDR majority (38 eyes) fell under moderate
NPDR . Of the 100 patients 1 had VH at the time of persentation
3% of the patients had POAG during the initial presentation.
Levels of glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) were more
than 7mmol/l in patients with DR when compared to patients
without DR. This indicates patients would have had unnoticed
DM for a longer duration. CONCLUSION: Incidence of DR is common among middle aged working
population.
Both eyes were usually affected ,though asymmetrically.
Detailed fundus examination and FFA in selected cases are
important in diagnosing the type and severity of diabetic
retinopathy.
In conclusion DR associated with vision threatening
complications can be made out even at the time of diagnosis
of diabetes mellitus type II.
So regular ophthalmological evaluation is necessary to detect
fundus changes in early stages in new cases of DM type-2. Early diagnosis and treatment of DR helps to stabilize the
visual acuity and prevent further loss.
Diagnosis of complications of DR at the earliest helps to
control progression of PDR.
Increased awareness of the ophthalmological complication in
diabetes is necessary in the society to prevent unnecessary
visual morbidity in diabetic patients.


Attaching radio-tags to highly dynamic organisms can bias the data collected. The nature and extent of any bias should be understood and quantified. This is vital with an untested attachment method or when tagging a new species or age-class. The suitability of a new back-pack harness design was field tested on 39 adult thrushes (33 Blackbird Turdus merula and 6 Song Thrush T. philomelos) at a study site in England. Direct chronic effects were assessed by examination of recovered corpses and recaptured birds. The harness caused the development of a small subcutaneous lipid mass on the patagium but no epidermal abrasion or inter-scapular blistering or bruising. Indirect measures of possible chronic effects came from behavioural observation and breeding performance measures. For female birds, the attachment of a back-pack tag did not significantly reduce clutch size or egg volume compared with untagged females. Nest survival rates were also unaffected. The number and quality of young fledged by tagged females were as high as those for untagged females. Video data showed that provisioning rates of the nestlings did not differ significantly between tagged and untagged parents. The proportion of time spent brooding by tagged female Blackbirds was non-significantly higher than for untagged birds.


Mixing is a key step in almost every polymer processing operation. In compounding processes there are two mechanisms of mixing that need to be considered: distributive mixing and dispersive mixing. A fiber shortening method and CFD numerical simulations have been used to investigate the mixing performance in co-rotating twin screw extruders. Thereby, we described the influence of the shear forces on fiber length reduction under different operating conditions, employing polypropylene with carbon fibers as the model system. We compare the cumulative frequency function of fiber length to the shear force distribution over the entire length of the kneading blocks implemented in the screw configuration as obtained from the CFD mixing simulation. For measuring the fiber length values, a FASEP system was employed.


Child care centers in Western countries are becoming increasingly culturally diverse, regarding both professional caregivers, children, and their parents. Child-rearing beliefs, which differ between cultures, are found to affect process quality and children's developmental outcomes. The first aim of this study is to investigate cultural differences in caregivers' cultural child-rearing beliefs through a semistructured interview. The second aim is to explore the relation between the centers' cultural context and caregivers' beliefs. Participants are 61 caregivers (20 Dutch, 20 Caribbean Dutch, and 21 Mediterranean Dutch) working in Dutch child care centers with 2- to 4-year-olds. Cultural differences between Dutch and immigrant caregivers are evident. Dutch caregivers mentioned independence as a socialization goal most, whereas Mediterranean Dutch caregivers stressed collectivistic child-rearing goals most. More years of experience and a positive orientation toward the Dutch society made caregivers value individualistic child-rearing goals more. Working in an ethnically diverse context made both immigrant and Dutch caregivers express collectivistic beliefs more. The results further demonstrate that all cultural groups valued dimensions of both individualism and collectivism, providing further support for the multidimensionality of child-rearing beliefs.


[1] A framework for the statistical comparison of six coincident remote sounding measurements is presented, which distinguishes between additive and multiplicative biases. The relationship between multiplicative bias and error variance is explored, and three methods are proposed for producing sets of values for three comparison variables: the multiplicative bias, and the error variance for each of two instruments. We illustrate and compare the three methods through the comparison of coincident measurements of the relatively long-lived stratospheric species O3, N2O, and HNO3 from two independent measurement sets: version 2.2 retrievals (with updated O3) from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier transform spectrometer onboard SCISAT-1, and version 1.51 retrievals from the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder onboard Aura. We find that multiplicative bias between the two measurement sets, compared on a common vertical grid, is significant at some heights for O3 and N2O, and for all heights tested for HNO3. The most realistic estimates of measurement error are produced by a method which incorporates a third correlative data set into the analysis. Using this method, estimated error standard deviations (SDs) are comparable between the two instruments for O3 measurements, and are less than 10% of the mean measurement value between approximately 100 and 1 hPa. ACE N2O measurements are consistent with a 10% error SD at all heights tested, although the uncertainty of the estimates is large at heights above 5 hPa. Estimated MLS N2O error SDs are comparable with those for ACE in the lower stratosphere, but increase steeply with height. For HNO3, estimated error SDs are approximately 10% between 70 and 10 hPa for both instruments. At heights above 10 hPa and below 100 hPa, estimated ACE errors are significantly smaller than those for MLS.


Preface * Introduction: A Wellness Mandate for Higher Education David S. Anderson SECTION I: EMOTIONAL WELLNESS * Stress Management: # Too Blessed to be Stressed Constance S. Boehm and Lance C. Kennedy-Phillips * Mental Health: Creating and Cultivating A Campus Community That Supports Mental Health Dori S. Hutchinson * Technology: The Challenging Role Technology Plays in the Lives of College Students Kevin Kruger SECTION II: SOCIAL WELLNESS * Relationship Health: Helping Students Thrive as They Relate to Others Bridget Guernsey Riordan * Sexual Decision-Making: Everyone's Doing It, Right? Joleen M. Nevers and Heather Eastman-Mueller * Alcohol: Reaching Students Through Education and Intervention Shannon K. Bailie, Jason R. Kilmer, and M. Dolores Cimini * Prescription and Illicit Drug Abuse: Changing the Narrative David S. Anderson and Tom Hall SECTION III: INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS * Study and Writing Skills: Fostering Students' Academic Development and Engagement Daniella Olibrice SECTION IV: PHYSICAL WELLNESS * Sleep: Enhancing Bedtime Performance Michael McNeil * Nutrition: Eating to Survive or Thrive Annann Hong * Exercise: Hey Millennial, It's Time to Get Physical! Linda A. Knight, Jennifer R. Fisher, and Parth K. Patel SECTION V: SPIRITUAL WELLNESS * Spiritual Development: Setting a Place at the Table for Spirituality Maria F. DiLorenzo


AIM: To investigate the inhibitive effect of chloride channel blocker phloretin on apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25-35(β-amyloid)and its mechanism.METHODS: PC12 cell survival and apoptosis rates in control group,Aβ25-35 group,and Aβ25-35 + phloretin group were compared by MTT assay,released lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)assay,Hoechst33258 staining and agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA.The expressions of JNK and P-JNK were measured by Western Blot assay.RESULTS: 10 mmol/L phloretin inhibited the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25-35 significantly,elevated cell survival rate,decreased the activity of the LDH,reduced karyopycnosis and caryon quassation and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK(P0.01).CONCLUSION: Chloride channel blocker phloretin can protect PC12 cells from apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 through the mechanism of down-regulating JNK phosphorylation.


Quine and others have put many problems to quantified modal logic. Their purpose is to show the logic to be paradoxical or at least very peculiar. Many of these problems center around the interplay between modality, quantification and identity.


There has been a loosening of the regulation governing the market for corporate control in the banking industry. Nearly every state in the U.S. has passed some form of interstate banking legislation that allows out‐of‐state banks to acquire local banks. Previous research has shown that the market reaction to this state legislation is both positive and significant for affected bank stocks. What is not clear from prior research is whether all banks are positively affected by the legislation or just banks that are likely acquisition targets. This study measures the impact on both subsequent buyer and target banks. Results indicate that the reaction is a general effect reflecting positive expectations for the industry. The buyer group sustains a significant five percent increase during the event window and the target group increase is over seven percent. The higher return for the target group may reflect an additional acquisition premium. However, the difference between the two groups is not significant. Tests utilizing market value as a proxy for acquisition attractiveness demonstrate that size does not impact the results.


Using the null tetrad approach of Newman and Penrose, the symmetries of the electromagnetic fields are investigated. It is found that null electromagnetic fields admit Maxwell collineation, and the existence of Ricci collineation and motion is possible only under certain conditions on the spin-coefficients.


This paper deals with the issue of marine renewable energy conversion systems resilience. Indeed, resilience or fault tolerance is a critical issue due to the weather-dependent offshore site intervention and the high induced maintenance costs. In this context, this paper proposes to address sensors failure tolerance in the case of marine current turbine applications. In particular, comparative investigations are proposed to assess sensor fault-tolerant control strategies performance in terms of efficiency (energy criterion), torque ripples (marine current turbine shaft fatigue), computational cost, and robustness against parameters variations. The proposed comparative investigations are based on extensive simulations carried out on a direct drive fixed-pitch marine current turbine based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. These simulations consider real tidal speed at the Raz de Sein site in Bretagne, France. The achieved simulations results and the derived conclusions are supposed to propose guidelines for the choice of the most adapted fault-tolerant strategy depending on the marine current turbine parameters availability and the user expectations.


It is shown that in mixed reductive coupling of activated olefins A and B, in which A is reduced at the more anodic voltage, the ratio of cross‐coupled product HABH to self‐coupled product HAAH rises substantially as the controlled potential is made more negative. Diethyl maleate (DEM) was chosen as an example of A and ethyl acrylate (EA) and acrylonitrile (AN) as examples of B. Previously reported fluctuations of voltage along the cathode surface are confirmed and may lead to unexpected formation of HBBH. The results of cyclic voltammetry of DEM in the presence of EA or AN and of a kinetic study of the addition of a carbanion to these same acceptors in bulk are interpreted to indicate that the reductive coupling of DEM with the acceptors occurs largely but not exclusively at the electrode surface.


The combined use of an energy-loss spectrometer and an analytical electron microscope with fine probe forming capabilities provides a wealth of information about the sample at high spatial resolution. Fundamental principles governing the physics of the interaction between the fast electron and a thin foil sample, to account for the fine structure in the inelastically scattered fast electron distribution (Electron-Energy Loss Spectroscopy, EELS), will be reviewed. General application of EELS is in the area of low atomic number elements (Z < 11) microanalysis, where it significantly complements the more widely used Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS). However, a careful analysis of the low loss plasmon oscillations and the fine structure in the core-loss edges, can provide additional information related to the bonding and electronic structure of the sample. An illustration of this is presented from our study of Cdelta diamond residue from the Allende carbonaceous chondrite. Combination of EELS with channeling effects can provide specific site occupation/valence information in crystalline materials. Details of this novel crystallographic method will be outlined and illustrated with an example of the study of chromite spinels. Finally, some pertinent experimental details will be discussed. 7 figs.


A new tire model for longitudinal force was established by modifying the distribution of normal load and parameterizing the sliding friction coefficient.The model was used to analyze the longitudinal force charateristics of tire and investigate the influence of various factors on the longitudinal force of tire.The results showed that the sliding ratio of ground-contact tread,the sliding force(F_(sx)) and the adhesion force(F_(ax)) increased as the static friction coefficient increased;the longitudinal stiffness mainly had influence on the joint longitudinal forces before the peak value;and the sliding ratio of ground-contact tread and F_(ax) decreased,and F_(sx) increased as the longitudinal stiffness and the length of foot-print increased.


This invention provides a ceramic composite light converting member that is a solidified product having a structure comprising two or more oxide phases, which are mutually intertwined with each other in a continuous and three-dimensional manner, at least one of the oxide phases being a phase which emits fluorescence. The whole composition of the ceramic composite light converting member is represented by x.AlO3/2-y.(a.YO3/2-b.GdO3/2-c.CeO2) wherein x, y, a, b, and c represent molar fraction; 0.750 < x < 0.850; 0 < b < 0.8; 0 < c < 0.3; x + y = 1; and a + b + c = 1, or x.AlO3/2-y.(a.YO3/2-c.CeO2) wherein x, y, a, b, and c represent molar fraction; 0.750 < x < 0.850; 0.125 <= c < 0.3; x + y = 1; and a + c = 1. The ceramic composite light converting member can emit light by regulating the peak wavelength to 540 to 580 nm and, when used in combination with a blue light emitting element, can constitute a highly efficient white light emitting device.


This paper is a practical study based on econometric analysis models that capture the causal link between the labor productivity and a company's probability to make a profit. The objective of this research was to identify the level and the evolution of the different variables that have an impact on the size of a company's profit. Therefor we will use a database, divided into 4 types of enterprises, on their size and on the regression model with the dependent variable binary. Such a model can be interpreted as a way to model the probability that the dependent variable could.


This work presents a family of single‐phase ac–ac converters with high‐frequency isolation based on the association of interleaved transformers and the dual active bridge (DAB) converter. From distinct configurations of the dc link in terms of half‐bridge (HB), full‐bridge (FB), and interleaved full‐bridge (IFB) arrangements, one can obtain three symmetrical and six asymmetrical structures, with distinct trade‐offs among the number of active switches, total dc‐link voltage, and effective operating frequency of the filter elements. Prominent advantages of the derived circuits include input power factor correction (PFC), a nearly sinusoidal load voltage, the operation of active switches under soft‐switching condition during part of the line period, reduced current stresses, good current sharing due to the interleaved transformers, as well as multilevel voltage waveforms on both sides of the high‐frequency transformer (HFT). Experimental results obtained from an experimental prototype of an ac–ac FB‐IFB converter are presented to validate the theoretical assumptions.


Table of Examples Table of Cases Table of Statutes Introduction Computation of Income and Gains Taxation of Income and Gains Current Year Basis Partnership Changes Change of Accounting Date Calculation of Tax Payable on Partnership Profits Accounting Mergers and Demergers Capital Allowances Losses Joint Ventures and Expense Sharing Arrangements Capital Gains Annuities to Retired Partners Capital Gains Tax Roll-over and Hold-over Relief on Replacement of Business Assets Capital Gains Tax Retirement Relief Transfer of a Partnership to a Company Husband/Wife and Family Partnerships Partnerships which include a Corporate Partner (ICTA 1988, ss 114 & 116 and Service Companies Limited and Limited Liability Partnerships The Overseas Element Partnership Tax Returns, Revenue Investigations and Administration Providing for Pensions and Life Assurance Inheritance Tax National Insurance and Stamp Duty Value Added Tax Provision for Taxation in Partnership Accounts Partnerships and IR 35 Construction Industry Partnerships. Appendices: Partnership Act 1890 Limited Partnership Act 1907 Relevant Inland Revenue Statements of Practice and Concessions Partnership Agreement Main Clauses Having a Taxation Effect Accounting Standards Summary of Income Tax Schedules and Cases Farmers Profit Averaging and Herd Basis Elections Inheritance Tax Business and Agricultural Property Relief Penalties in Connection with Partnership Matters Revenue and Customs and Excise Manuals -Provision of Personal Services Through Intermediaries Taper Relief.


With the evolution of social media platforms, the amount of unlabeled information has gone skyrocketing, the process of labeling this kind of information evermore complex. Typical approaches used on the WEB for Topic Detection and Tracking cannot be directly applied due to the small amount of text produced per tweet, orthographic errors, abbreviations and so on. We propose and analyze a new form of topic detection and tracking on social networks. By leveraging the social relations between authors of the gathered content, and apply them to the clustering process. In order to achieve this, we proposed some modifications to the artificial neural network and clustering algorithm — Self Organizing Maps.


This article is the result of Community Service (PKM) activities at IP Yakin Jakarta Vocational School. The team focused on PKM activities for students at the SMKS level. Methods developed in a group with the same position among members, especially based on age, status or class. The aim of PKM is to increase understanding regarding PIK-R, the impact of early marriage in adolescence on reproductive health, free sex behaviour that can cause sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS in adolescents and to know the legal basis for the PIK-R program as contained in the regulation of the head BKKBN and DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation. This PKM activity is in the form of providing health education about PIK-R, HIV/AIDS AND the legal basis of PIK-R. Evaluation of PKM activities using pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results of this PKM are in the form of increasing knowledge, attitudes, and life skills in early marriage, preventing free sex behaviour that can transmit HIV/AIDS to adolescents and being able to demonstrate the legal basis related to PIK-R.


Up to now, the only standardized method to determine the measurement u nc rtainty for computed tomography (CT) is to use calibrated workpieces as specified in the guideline VDI/VDE 2630 Part 2.1 . This paper discusses a promising numerical method for uncertainty determination with help of a virtual metrological CT (VMCT). It gives an explanation of the adjustments, the input parameters and the execution of the simu lation. Furthermore, it discusses the first results of uncertainty determination compared to the method of using calibrated workpieces with t he aid of two example cases.


The work of Dean and Byfield has stimulated investigation for the relief of sinusitis in children and has resulted in untold benefits for children suffering from "chronic colds" due to infection of the paranasal sinuses. A mental review of past histories in the light of our present knowledge has convinced me that many children have had sinusitis and the correct diagnosis has been passed by simply because of failure to recognize the condition. During the past few years a great deal of interest has been evinced in this type of case and numerous articles have been written on the subject. The bibliography is quite completely covered by Dean and others, and so I will simply refer to their monographs. Our attitude in regard to sinusitis in children is easily explained when we recall that it has never been impressed upon us that children possessed sinuses before' they had reached the age of puberty. Textbooks simply mentioned the possibility of sinuses developing as indentations in the maxillary bones. Even the most recent texts on ,sil),usitis devote only five or six lines to the possibility of sinusitisrin children and add that the reported cases were really osteomyelitis and bone necrosis. Is it any wonder, then, that we were somewhat skeptical and backward in taking up this apparently paradoxic viewpoint? When once one begins studying these cases they are found to present many interesting features, and it is indeed a revelation to see the enormous size some of the sinuses assume. The antrum may be present in infants as young as six months, and at twelve months or a little more it is quite well developed, as are also the ethmoids.


The surface polymerization of aniline producing polyaniline nanofilms on surfaces in contact with the reaction mixture has been investigated. The hypothesis that aniline polymerization is heterogeneously catalyzed by the surfaces has been tested. This concept is applicable to planar surfaces and also to surfaces provided by microparticles. The introduction of silica gel, a substrate with a large specific surface area, led to the acceleration of polyaniline formation. The effect of silica gel concentration, particle size, and porosity is discussed, and the courses of polymerization in the presence of porous and compact spheres are compared. It can be concluded that the initiation of aniline polymerization is promoted by adsorption of oligomeric intermediates at the surface. The surface polymerization, giving rise to polyaniline coatings, is thus preferred to precipitation polymerization in the aqueous phase that produces a polyaniline precipitate. The coating of the silica gel surface with polyaniline was ...


The test situation for theology postulated by Hans Albert may be developed by setting up a test situation for critical rationalism. Such a situation requires the description of the interrelation between subject and object. The EPR-paradox of quantum theory illustrates that it is possible to separate them, although it is exactly that what Albert needs. So the reality of nature aimed at by critical rationalism seems to be of secondary importance; it presupposes another reality


For linear discrete-time stochastic systems measured by multiple sensors, where different sensors are subject to mixed uncertainties of random delays, packet dropouts and/or uncertain observations, the centralized fusion linear optimal estimators in the linear minimum variance sense are presented via the innovation analysis approach, which is a general and useful tool to find the optimal linear estimate. The stability of the proposed estimators is analyzed. A sufficient condition for the existence of the centralized fusion steady-state estimators is given. For a single sensor case, the proposed estimators have the simpler forms and the lower computational cost compared to the existing literature, since a lower dimension parameterized system is constructed and the colored noise is avoided. A simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the proposed estimators.


Adulteration of herbal supplements is a major issue for many countries. A simple and reliable HPLC-PDA method was developed for quantification of aldose reductase inhibitory flavonoids rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Fortis C18 column in gradient mode with detection at 267 nm. The presence of these markers was confirmed through the accurate m/z values and MS/MS data obtained using quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS). The proposed method was successfully applied to examine the amount of these active constituents in antiobese polyherbal formulation and plant extract of Gymnema sylvestre.


The problem of functional illiteracy emerged in world science in the second half of the twentieth century, when it became obvious that in and of itself, the number of years a person spends in schooling does not guarantee a high level of professional and personal literacy. The problem was not manifested in the same way in the different national systems of education. In the Soviet Union, for example, it was perceived as a problem of "the schools' being out of touch with life," and it came to be the object of close scrutiny on the part of both scientists and bodies of educational administration. On the state level, laws, decrees, and rulings were passed for the purpose of reducing the gap between the needs of social practice and the quality of schooling. The assumption was that


Objective: To investigate the effects of a preventive nursing model on postoperative nursing and complications after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in hepatobiliary surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made about 98 patients after PTBD in hepatobiliary surgery, 49 of whom were treated with traditional a nursing mode of hepatobiliary surgery (the control group) and 49 with a preventive nursing mode (the experimental group). The nursing effects and complications of these two groups at different stages after operation were compared. Results: After nursing, the psychological state, attitude towards treatment, and acceptance of catheterization time after PTBD of the experimental group patients were all significantly better than those of the control group (all P<0.001). After nursing, the scores of life quality in the experimental group were also significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.001). After nursing, the total incidence of complications in the experimental group (6.12%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (26.53%) (P<0.05). Two months post discharge, the self-care situation of the experimental group (including whether to use anti-reflux drainage bags and drainage fluid observation, the period and operation mode of replacing drainage bags, the position of drainage bags and punctures) was significantly better than that of the control group (all P<0.001) and the incidences of detachment and blockage of drainage tube and re-hospitalization due to the drainage tube were significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The utilization of a preventive nursing model can effectively improve the nursing effects after PTBD from the following aspects including cognition, psychological state and life quality; it largely reduces the incidence of complications after PTBD, improves patients' self-care awareness, and suppresses the re-admission rate after discharge.


In building performance simulation, fixed input assumptions lead to fixed computed values for building performance indicators. This has been suggested to be misleading, as it does not express the uncertainty of simulation-based performance predictions. A counterargument to this position suggests that the empirical basis for the determination of the statistical uncertainty distribution of occupancy-related input assumptions is rather scant. Arbitrary assignment of uncertainty functions (distribution ranges and shapes) to input variables can indeed generate corresponding performance result distributions. However, this could be even more misleading than fixed values, as the resulting uncertainty impression is empirically ungrounded. To address this objection, it has been suggested that the computed uncertainty ranges for performance indicators may be, to a certain extent, resistant to the ranges and shapes of associated input data distributions and hence still useful. In the present contribution, we examine the above suggestion, namely the resilience of performance simulation output distribution to the assumed model input uncertainties. To this end, parametric simulations were conducted and processed to explore the implications of different input data assumptions for the values of computed performance indicator values for a sample building model.


In this article I highlight the presence of the frontier myth and the cowboy in American society, with great influence on its cultural and political history. Its impact on global culture makes it especially relevant to understand how certain national myths condition behaviors and a certain worldview. I highlight the use of myth by some US presidents, from Roosevelt to Trump, as well as in outstanding works of literature or cinema. It is also important to highlight the importance of pop culture in this country and, due to its influence, in the rest of the world, through well-known examples.


J.HE REACTION of grief, defined as the normal response of an individual to bereavement, has been discussed by Freud (8), Melanie Klein (9) and Abraham (7), who have given a dynamic formulation to grief and, in particular, have pointed out the relation of mourning to the depressive psychoses. Helene Deutsch (6) has described special instances when grief is unexpectedly absent, while Lindemann (11) has demonstrated that following a bereavement a patient may develop a neurotic symptom or signs of a psychosomatic disease instead of grief.


OBJECTIVES
To train interested and capable family members as group moderators of psychoeducational groups for family members in schizophrenia.

METHOD
Development and evaluation of a curriculum consisting of 5 separate steps: participating in a psychoeducational group, participating in training-workshops, conducting psychoeducational group sessions with professional co-moderation, independently conducting psychoeducational group sessions, recruiting of future group moderators.

RESULTS
Step 1, 2 and 3: statistically significant knowledge increase about schizophrenia, changed concept of illness.

DISCUSSION
The 5-step curriculum appears to be a useful instrument for training family members as group moderators of psychoeducational groups for family members in schizophrenia.


Software development is ill-understood, as distinct from merely ill-coordinated. To understand software development we need to build models. These models need to be formal, that is constructed within representation schemes with precise, unambiguous and analysable semantics: explicit. that is capable of being directly examined and manipulated; and enactable, that is executable, interpretable or amenable to automated reasoning. What sort of representation schemes can we use to build these models?


It is of utmost importance that the clinician be familiar with the variations in root canal anatomy and the characteristics features in various racial groups, since such knowledge can aid location and negotiation of canals as well as their subsequent management. The aim of the present study is to investigate the incidence of three roots and four root canals in the mandibular first molar in Iraqi population. A total of 327 endodontically treated mandibular first molars were investigated in this study. Radiographs of working length determination and canal obturation at different angles of each tooth were mounted, projected and evaluated. The clinical records were reviewed and the findings for the number of roots and root canals were then recorded and tabulated. Roots with multiple canal systems were categorized according to whether the canals exited the root by a common apical foramen or by separated apical foramina. The results showed that 81.96% of the examined teeth had three root canals and the remaining 18.04% had four root canals. Most of the teeth ( 99.08% ) had two roots. Only three teeth ( 0.92% ) had three roots. There was no significant differences between males and females in the incidence of three roots and four root canals ( P > 0.05 ).


Abstract Aims: This study examines the relationship between expert supervisors' professional experiences and their views about the importance of different psychotherapy techniques. Method: Thirty psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) supervisors and 13 cognitive-behavioural (CB) supervisors (N=43) were instructed to rate 20 therapeutic techniques according to how characteristic each technique is of an ideally-conducted session within their theoretical orientation. The measure used for this assessment was the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale. Results: Findings demonstrated that supervisors' beliefs about ideal therapeutic techniques are related to their number of years in post-graduate clinical practice, training, and supervising trainees, as well as to the number of publications they have authored. Further, experience within a given orientation tends to lead to a greater endorsement of techniques within that orientation, although this finding is more uniform for CB supervisors than PI supervisors. Final...


Effect of integrated supply of nutrients on soil properties and yield of rainfed rice crop was studied at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, Gossaigaon, Assam (India) during kharif season of 2012. In the experiment, application of 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 50% N supplied through FYM showed the lowest bulk density and the highest water holding capacity, mean weight diameter, water stable aggregates, organic carbon, CEC and base saturation of soil after harvest of the crop. Nutrient integrations with organic and inorganic sources had a non significant effect on pH and electrical conductivity of soil. Available N, P and K of soil were significantly affected by integrated nutrient treatments which showed up to 65.29, 81.03 and 21.46% increase of these nutrients over control, respectively. Significantly highest exchangeable Ca and Mg and available S as compared to control and RDF were observed from the treatment of 50% RDF (inorganic) + 50% N FYM i.e. T4 treatment, followed by 50% N (inorganic) + 50% N (FYM) + PK (adjusted) i.e. T6 treatment. The detail soil physico-chemical properties and grain yield of rainfed rice as affected by integrated supply of nutrients in an Inceptisol of Assam of north-east region of India are explained in this article.