Since the COVID outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan (Hubei, China), uncountable cases of oral alterations have been attributed to the novel coronavirus, although the real mechanism associated with the pathogenesis of the oral lesions remains poorly understood. Despite vasculitis and the individual's immune-mediated response playing a crucial role in the infl ammatory process (Santana et al. 2021), these factors by themselves, do not justify the development of most alterations in the mouth. In general, these oral manifestations were induced by previous infectious agents, especially the herpes virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2) and C. albicans (Etemad-Moghadam & Alaeddini 2021). These preliminary fi ndings point to SARS-CoV-2 as likely being a secondary agent able to shoot 'triggers' to reactivate pre-existing diseases or favor the emergence of opportunistic infections like oral mucormycosis (Ahmed et al. 2021).


According to the method: - linearly is moved continuously filiform element through magnetic dipoles arranged facing and around a tube constituting a processing chamber, - introducing the microwave energy between at least two magnetic dipoles.


Deformable object manipulation stands as one of the most captivating yet formidable challenges in robotics. While previous techniques have predominantly relied on learning latent dynamics through demonstrations, typically represented as either particles or images, there exists a pertinent limitation: acquiring suitable demonstrations, especially for long-horizon tasks, can be elusive. Moreover, basing learning entirely on demonstrations can hamper the model's ability to generalize beyond the demonstrated tasks. In this work, we introduce a demonstration-free hierarchical planning approach capable of tackling intricate long-horizon tasks without necessitating any training. We employ large language models (LLMs) to articulate a high-level, stage-by-stage plan corresponding to a specified task. For every individual stage, the LLM provides both the tool's name and the Python code to craft intermediate subgoal point clouds. With the tool and subgoal for a particular stage at our disposal, we present a granular closed-loop model predictive control strategy. This leverages Differentiable Physics with Point-to-Point correspondence (DiffPhysics-P2P) loss in the earth mover distance (EMD) space, applied iteratively. Experimental findings affirm that our technique surpasses multiple benchmarks in dough manipulation, spanning both short and long horizons. Remarkably, our model demonstrates robust generalization capabilities to novel and previously unencountered complex tasks without any preliminary demonstrations. We further substantiate our approach with experimental trials on real-world robotic platforms.


The radiative balance and the wall temperatures of an urban canyon in the city of Sao Paulo is remotely observed through the use of radiometers and precision infrared thermometers (IRTs). These instruments are set up on a mobile platform, which moves through the bottom of the canyon. The radiative and thermal patterns are verified, along a traverse, through the different kinds of soil coverage and occupation, during the early hours of a diurnal period and also during a nocturnal period in the dry season. Air temperature measurements are also taken as well as estimates of the spatial temperature distribution, between the atmosphere and urban buildings. The presence of an atmospheric urban temperature gradient is well identified around the area without vegetation coverage, with a maximum magnitude between 6°C and 12oC. Under the vegetated area it appears that this phenomenon is not pronounced, although a negative net long-wave radiation flux of around 60 Wm-2 between the bottom analyzed surface and the atmosphere is identified.
Key-words: mobile transect, wall temperature, urban climate.


The structural phases of the BaBi{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}Pb{sub {ital x}}O{sub 3} system have been studied using neutron powder diffraction. As lead is substituted on the bismuth site, the room-temperature structure is monoclinic for 0.00{le}{ital x}{le}0.20, orthorhombic for 0.25{le}{ital x}{le}0.65, diphasic (orthorhombic and tetragonal) for 0.70{le}{ital x}{le}0.80, and monoclinic for {ital x}=1.0. Superconductivity is observed for samples in the composition range 0.70{le}{ital x}{le}0.80. The superconducting phase is the tetragonal phase. {ital In} {ital situ} neutron-powder-diffraction measurements versus temperature show that it is not stable at temperatures below about 425 K. All superconducting samples consist of the metastable tetragonal phase and a semiconducting orthorhombic phase because the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transition does not proceed to completion. Samples of Ba{sub 1{minus}{ital y}}K{sub {ital y}}Bi{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}Pb{sub {ital x}}O{sub 3} have {ital T}{sub {ital c}}'s that are inversely proportional to the total dopant concentration, {ital x}+{ital y}, in the composition region (0.5{le}{ital x}+{ital y}{le}0.9), where the material is metallic.


tors discovered that opinions were linked to whether a prisoner had a private or public defense attorney. Citizens who used a BASICS-supported mediation service reported that it helped solve their disputes, but by using a control group the evaluators concluded that the hearings in fact had little impact. Some offenders who participated in a job training and placement project found employment and avoided rearrest, but these changes could be attributed to factors other than the program. And the evalua. tors forthrightly acknowledge that BASICS largely failed in one of its overarching objectives-getting bar associations to develop a sustaining interest in corrections reform. While some of the evaluations involved fairly sophisticated methods which may be foreign to many readers, the book properly emphasizes that any evaluation ultimately rests upon a few basic principles of scientific inquiry. The authors stress the importance of making measurements at the outset of programs so there is some basis for gauging the amount of change, of using control groups where feasible, of knowing the limitations of data, and of being cautious in making inferences about causes and effects to avoid being misled by spurious relationships. Attorneys as Activists can profitably be read either for its methodological implications or as a report of attempts to reform corrections services. To their credit, the authors place their project in the context of broader social change and subject it to a searching, radical critique. The writing is usually clear and free of gratuitous technical terms. The five prefatory sections, however,


The constitutionalization of the referendum and law making citizens' initiatives makes them important institutions and also important tools for exercising direct democracy. The question that arises today is the effective usage of these tools, in the framework of enhancing the direct participation of the citizens in governance. Particularly, in countries like Albania, which represents one of the newest democracies established after the fall of the Communist regime in Europe, the exercising of these instruments encounters different challenges, coming up especially due to lack of traditions and practices in exercising direct democracy, legislation vacuum and the insufficiency of organizational experiences of the civil society. Nevertheless, some experiences in particular have been achieved in the last 15 years, after the current Constitution of the Republic of Albania was enacted. Out of the direct democracy instruments that are sanctioned in the Constitution of the Republic of Albania, this paper will focus only upon the law making citizens' initiative and on the abrogative referendum initiative, as well. Legislation, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and some other issues identified through the experiences established in Albania will be treated in this paper. These experiences are analyzed in a comparative point of view with the experiences of other countries, particularly Italy.


Probably the most famous equation in physics is Einstein's E=mc{sup 2}, which was contained within his fifth and final paper that was published in 1905. It is this relationship between energy ( E) and mass ( m) that the fusion process exploits to generate energy. When two isotopes of hydrogen (normally Deuterium and Tritium (DT)) fuse they form helium and a neutron. In this process some of the mass of the hydrogen is converted into energy. In the fast ignition approach to fusion a large driver (such as the NIF laser) is used to compress the DT fuel to extremely high densities and then is ''sparked'' by a high intensity, short-pulse laser. The short-pulse laser energy is converted to an electron beam, which then deposits its energy in the DT fuel. The energy of the electrons in this beam is so large that the electron's mass is increased according to Einstein theory of relativity. Understanding the transport of this relativistic electron beam is critical to the success of fast ignition and is the subject of this poster.


Introduction: Obesity is a major health risk issue in the present day of life for one and all globally. Obesity is one of the major concerns for public health according to recent increasing trends in obesity-related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. ( Kazuya, 1994).and hyperlipidemia, (Sakata,1990) .which are more prevalent in Japanese adults with body mass index (BMI) values Z25 kg/m2.( Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare,1997). The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of twelve weeks of brisk walking on blood pressure and body mass index, anthropometric measurements of obese males. Method: Thirty obese (BMI= above 30) males, aged 18 to 22 years, were selected from King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia. The subject's height (cm) was measured using a stadiometer and body mass (kg) was measured with a electronic weighing machine. BMI was subsequently calculated (kg/m2). The blood pressure was measured with standardized sphygmomanometer in mm of Hg. All the measurements were taken twice before and twice after the experimental period. The pre and post anthropometric measurements of waist and hip circumference were measured with the steel tape in cm. The subjects underwent walking schedule two times in a week for 12 weeks. The 45 minute sessions of brisk walking were undertaken at an average intensity of 65% to 85% of maximum HR (HRmax; calculated as 220-age). Results & Discussion: Statistical findings revealed significant changes from pre test to post test in case of both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the walking group. Results also showed significant decrease in their body mass index and anthropometric measurements i.e. (waist & hip circumference). Conclusion: It was concluded that twelve weeks brisk walking is beneficial for lowering of blood pressure, body mass index, and anthropometric circumference of obese males. Keywords—Anthropometric, Blood pressure, Body mass index


The invention discloses a preparation method of a flame retardant single-component silane modified polyether sealant. The flame retardant single-component silane modified polyether sealant comprises an MS premix, a cross-linking agent, a coupling agent and a catalyst, wherein the MS premix comprises 20-60 parts of silane modified polyether, 5-15 parts of plasticizer, 20-40 parts of flame retardant filler, 10-30 parts of reinforcing filler, 0.1-2 parts of thixotropic agent and 0.1-2 parts of functional auxiliaries. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially adding the silane modified polyether, the plasticizer, the flame retardant filler, the reinforcing filler, the thixotropic agent and the functional auxiliaries into a stirring kettle at room temperature, performing vacuum blending for 10-15 minutes, heating to 100-120 DEG C, performing vacuum blending for 1 hour, and performing vacuum cooling to room temperature to get the MS premix; performing vacuum stirring on 80-95 parts of the MS premix and 0.1-3 parts of water remover for 20 minutes, then sequentially adding 0.1-3 parts of cross-linking agent, 0.1-3 parts of coupling agent and 0.1-2 parts of catalyst, and performing vacuum stirring for 20 minutes to get the high-performance flame retardant single-component silane modified polyether sealant which is uniform in dispersion and has a thixotropic property.


While the internet offers up great masses of both textual and numerical data that can be analyzed using the automatic features of powerful software programs, this does not on its own represent a viable work strategy. The wealth of available data should in fact mark the beginning of a varied and complex process of research and analysis that looks to combine a plurality of investigative tools and techniques, both traditional and of the latest generation. The presentation here of the key findings of an empirical investigation offers an opportunity to highlight the advantages of a mixed-methods approach.


AbstractA weak railway subgrade may lead to instability of the railway track system. The condition of a railway subgrade is typically evaluated using trial pit excavation and a portable ballast sampler, which may severely disturb the ballast layer. Also, nondestructive geophysical techniques, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), are used to investigate the condition of the ballast and subgrade along the track. The objective of this study is the development and application of a cone penetrometer with a helical-type outer screw rod (CPH) that minimizes the disturbance of the ballast layer for the evaluation of the subgrade condition by measuring the resistance of the cone tip. The CPH consists of a helical-type outer screw rod (helical rod) and a mini cone penetrometer inside the rod. The design concerns include easy installation of the helical rod into the ballast layer, the reaction force of the mini cone penetrometer, installation of the strain gauge, and calculation of the cone tip resistance. The he...


The Village Fund is a concrete form of state recognition of the origin of the village and the local authority of the village. Village Funds are expected to provide additional energy for the village in developing and empowering villages, towards a strong, advanced and independent village. This study examines the Village Fund in the Kalikayen Village. The reason for taking the location is referring to previous research which says that Kalikayen Village is a village in which the village fund management is in accordance with the rules that apply in its management process. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Village Fund Management and the Level of Kalikayen Village Infrastructure Development. This analysis is carried out with a simple regression analysis method, with secondary data obtained from literature and primary data obtained from surveys, questionnaires and observations on the intended object. The results of statistical tests using SPSS generated data that the R Square test was found to be 0.471, this implies that the influence of the village fund management variable on the variable of infrastructure development was 47.2%. While the remaining 52.8% is explained by other unknown factors or variables in this study such as the enthusiasm of the residents, the leadership capacity of the village head, etc. Statistical test results prove that the village fund management variable (X) obtained sig value is 0.05 (0.005 <0.05). This means that the Hypothesis (Village Fund Management of Infrastructure Development) which states that village fund management has a positive and significant effect on infrastructure development is accepted.


In this study, the ability of GNSS-R technique to observe and track hurricane is investigated from the CYGNSS mission, as the specular reflection points tracks pass through the eye of Hurricane Irma. The clear variations of the CYGNSS observables, including the Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section (NBRCS), the Leading Edge Slope (LES), the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR), and the derived wind speed, are examined. CYGNSS-derived wind speeds are compared to other satellite missions, including ASCAT, WindSat, and SMAP. CYGNSS-derived wind speeds exhibit a similar behaviour than the collocated ASCAT, WindSat, and SMAP over the hurricane eye, but are underestimated under high wind conditions.


With this paper the authors wanted to gather more information about the presence of reptilian and amphibian species in the area of lower Una River and its surroundings. For this purpose field surveys in the form of active searching in promising places was conducted on four separate occasions in 2009. Here we present the list of 10 amphibian species (plus one klepton) and 7 reptile species recorded during the course of our study. 11 of these, all together 18 taxa, are in the strictly protected and 7 of them are in the protected category according to the Croatian Nature Protection Act.


Abstract With the concern that observed flux is very sensitive upon fiber positions, we develop a novel approach measuring the error of fiber positions in this work. More specifically, we compute two orthogonal groups of the flux ratio before and after moving the fiber a few arcseconds, and correct the system coordinate transformation based on the computed fiber position error.


In this paper, we present the Fair Early Drop (FED) scheme which aims to prevent the unfairness problem generated by unresponsive flows and treat the various kinds of transport traffic "fairly". Unresponsive flows are managed by making sure they do not consume more than their fair share of network resources; that is, by dropping more packets from them. The dropping decision is simple with O(1) complexity. To reduce queuing delays, FED starts dropping packets once a flow exceeds its fair share of queuing space and does not wait until the queue is full to start dropping packets. FED has shown not only to be able to handle unresponsive traffic, but also to improve the fairness among TCP connections, maximize link utilization and minimize jitter and queuing delay.


Geological structure within and around orebodies can have a profound effect on the determination of viable mining methods and can impose limitations on those mining methods that are employed to mine the given orebody. In both the Bushveld Complex and the Great Dyke jointing is present. Joints are fractures or cracks in a rock mass along which no appreciable movement has occurred. Typically the jointing is planar and the jointing can be defined by joint sets, each set containing joints that are of approximately the same orientation. The jointing varies with intensity which can locally effect excavation stability and this can be measured by determining the rock mass rating at a particular site. However, in addition to planar jointing, the presence of non planar structures or curved structures greatly complicates the accommodation of a mining method with stable spans into such a rock mass. Such curved structures have been seen in both the Bushveld Complex and the Great Dyke. The implications for mine design and support are discussed in this paper.


With the non-ionic surfactant as the carrier of the iodine,by join iodide potassium,iodate potassium,make the polyether-iodine property more stable.Through the orthorhombic experiment to make sure the main influence factor of the iodine yield and the optimized prescription of the preparation and technogy of the polyether-iodine.To examine the effect and stability of polyether-iodine.Reaearch showes that with the AEO-7/AEO-9 as the carrter for the iodine,when the quantity of the materials(w%) is non-ionic surfactant 18%,iodide potassium 0.05%,iodate potassium 0.1%~0.15%,lemon acid(0.2%~0.4%),and control the temperature of the reaction in 50 ℃ can get the satisfied result.


BACKGROUND: Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) contains ginger proteases and has proteolytic activity. Ginger proteases have been used for tenderizing meat but rarely for milk clotting. The purpose of this study was to purify ginger proteases and to research their biochemical characteristics. RESULTS: The milk clotting activity (MCA) and proteolytic activity (PA) of the proteases was stable after storage at 4 ◦ Cfor24h. TheMCAandPAoffreshgingerjuicewith0.2% L-ascorbicacidremainedstablefor6 daysat4 ◦ C.Whenunderstorageat −80 ◦ C for2 months,theMCA andPAofthefreshgingerjuice andacetoneprecipitate werestillhigh.Twopeakswithproteaseactivity were purified from a DEAE FF ion-exchange column; the specific activity (units mg −1 protein) of the MCA (MCSA) and PA (PSA) for the first peak was significantly higher than the second peak (P < 0.05). The protease activity of the ginger proteases was significantlyinhibitedby E-64,leupeptin,andiodoacetic acid. Zymographyresultsshowedthattwo proteasefractionspurified from ginger juice with 62 and 82 kDa had a higher PA against α-andβ-casein than against κ-casein. CONCLUSION: The ascorbic acid addition significantly stabilized the MCA and PA of ginger proteases. The protease inhibition testsuggestedthatgingerproteasesbelongedtothecysteinetype.Thebiochemicalcharacteristicsofgingerproteasedescribed in this paper can provide useful information for making new milk curd products. c � 2009 Society of Chemical Industry


Bayesian Processor of Forecasts (BPF) combines a prior distribution, which describes the natural uncertainty about the realization of a hydrologic process, with a likelihood function, which describes the uncertainty in categorical forecasts of that process, and outputs a posterior distribution of the process, conditional upon the forecasts. The posterior distribution provides a means of incorporating uncertain forecasts into optimal decision models. We present fundamentals of building BPF for time series. They include a general formulation, stochastic independence assumptions and their interpretation, computationally tractable models for forecasts of an independent process and a first-order Markov process, and parametric representations for normal-linear processes. An example is shown of an application to the annual time series of seasonal snowmelt runoff volume forecasts.


Abstract : The United States Marine Corps awarded the first phase of the H-1 platform upgrade program to Bell Helicopter in late 1996. This effort resulted in substantial improvements to both the AH-1 Gunship and UH-1 Utility aircraft. Upgrades included a new transmission and a 4-bladed rotor with resulting improvements in mission effectiveness and cost of ownership. In 1997, the program was expanded to provide a modern suite of avionics incorporating improved sensors, cockpits, weapons processing, helmet-mounted displays and an advanced centralized mission processing subsystem. This technical paper will review the basis for architectural decisions of the avionics and the criteria for selection of key sensors and displays. Major attributes of redundancy and commonality are described, together with an overview of an advanced open architecture mission computer.


Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.Meth-ods:The clinical date of56cases performed laparoscopic ureterolithotomy were retrospectively analysized(male32cases,female24cases,16to66years old).The diameter of stones was5to26mm.36cases were in upper ureter,12cases in middle and8cases in low ureter;3cases were in bilateral ureter,1case only had one kidney.Results:All the operations were successful in45to310minutes.The drain tube in abdominal cavity were removed2to3days(mean2.4days)after operation the mean hospital stay was6.2days(from5to8days).During the following3to10months,no ureteral stric-ture was found.Conclusions:Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is a safe and effective method for ureterolith,it has the advantages of minimal invasion,early resumption and short hospitalization.The means of transperitonoal has the merits of wide field,better anatomy signs and easier indwelling of double-J tube.


1 0 1 6 J O U R N A L C O M P I L A T I O N © 2 0 1 0 B J U I N T E R N A T I O N A L | 1 0 5 , 1 0 1 6 – 1 0 1 8 | doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09301.x supporting its use and it is licensed in some 76 countries worldwide. On the basis of consistent and clinically relevant efficacy findings, the International Consultation on Incontinence awarded desmopressin a Level 1, Grade A recommendation for the treatment of nocturia at their meetings in 2004 and 2008. I therefore find the omission of any mention of this form of treatment in the article in question to be unrepresentative of best clinical practice.


This paper outlines the feedback creation and assignment techniques used in a mammography focused Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Shufti. Shufti's aim is to provide medical students with an improved learning environment, exposing them to a broad range of examples supported by customized feedback and hints driven by an adaptive Reinforcement Learning system and Clustering techniques.


This research scrutinizes the self-annealing characteristics of copper used to metal interconnection for application of DRAM fabrication process. As the time goes after the copper deposited, the grain of copper is growing. It is called self-annealing. We use the electroplating method for copper deposition and estimate two kinds of electroplating chemicals having different organic additives. As the time of self-annealing is elapsed, sheet resistance decreases with logarithmic dependence of time and is finally saturated. The improvement of sheet resistance is approximately 20%. The saturation time of experimental sample is shorter than that of reference sample. We can find that self-annealing is highly efficient in grain growth of copper through the measurement of TEM analysis. The structure of copper grain is similar to the bamboo type useful for current flow. The results of thermal excursion characteristics show that the reliability of self-annealed sample is better than that of sample annealed at higher temperature. The self-annealed sample is not contained in hillock. The self-annealed samples grow until 2 μm and develop in [100] direction more favorable for reliability.


The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a practical application of control charts in an industrial process that has data auto-correlated with each other. Although the control charts created by Walter A. Shewhart are very effective in monitoring processes, there are very important statistical assumptions for Shewhart's control charts to be applied correctly. Choosing the correct Control Chart is essential for managers to be able to make coherent decisions within companies. With this study, it was possible to demonstrate that the original data collected in the process, which at first appeared to have many special causes of variation, was actually a stable process (no anomalies present). However, this finding required the use of autoregressive models, multivariate statistics, autocorrelation and normality tests, multicollinearity analysis and the use of the EWMA control chart. It was concluded that it is of fundamental importance to choose the appropriate control chart for monitoring industrial processes, to ensure that changes in processes do not incorporate non-existent variations and do not cause an increase in the number of defective products.


As intermittent renewable energy penetrates electrical power grids more and more, assessing grid reliability is of increasing concern for grid operators. Monte Carlo simulation is a robust and popular technique to estimate indices for grid reliability, but the involved computational intensity may be too high for typical reliability analyses. We show that various reliability indices can be expressed as expectations depending on the rare event probability of a so-called power curtailment, and explain how to extend a Crude Monte Carlo grid reliability analysis with an existing rare event splitting technique. The squared relative error of index estimators can be controlled, whereas orders of magnitude less workload is required than when using an equivalent Crude Monte Carlo method. We show further that a bad choice for the time step size or for the importance function may endanger this squared relative error.


What is the optimal way to cut a convex bounded domain K in Euclidean space (R, |·|) into two halves of equal volume, so that the interface between the two halves has least surface area? A conjecture of Kannan, Lovász and Simonovits asserts that, if one does not mind gaining a universal numerical factor (independent of n) in the surface area, one might as well dissect K using a hyperplane. This conjectured essential equivalence between the former non-linear isoperimetric inequality and its latter linear relaxation, has been shown over the last two decades to be of fundamental importance to the understanding of volume-concentration and spectral properties of convex domains. In this work, we address the conjecture for the subclass of generalized Orlicz balls


As the core component of wind turbine generator system, the quality of wind power converter attracts great attention. Traditionally, manual testing has been the way to ensure the board performance. Based on virtual instrument, a hardware-in-the-loop test platform is designed using the LabVIEW graphical programming language. A method based on FFT spectrum analysis shows high precision in detection the phase shift of current signals, which would outperform the zero-crossing method when noises could not be omitted; and a method based on BP neural network improves the calibration precision of temperature detection channels. The satisfying precision and efficiency in application show great advantage in many aspects compared to the traditional testing method.


Framed in debates about the crisis of democracy, the book analyzes one of the most influential social movements of recent times: Spain's "Indignados" or "15-M" movement. In the wake of the global financial crisis and harsh austerity policies, 15-M movement activists occupied public squares across the country, mobilized millions of Spanish citizens, gave rise to new hybrid parties such as Podemos, and inspired pro-democracy movements around the world. Based on access to key participants in the 15-M movement and Podemos, and extensive participant observation, the book tells the story of this remarkable movement, its emergence, evolution, and impact. In so doing, it challenges some of the core arguments in social movement scholarship about the factors likely to lead to movement success. Instead, the book argues that movements organized around autonomous network logics can build and sustain strong movements in the absence of formal organizations, strong professionalized leadership, and the ability to attract external resources. The key to understanding its power lies in the shared political culture and collective identity that emerged following the occupation of Spain's central squares. These protest camps sustained the movement by forging reciprocal ties of solidarity between diverse actors, and generating a shared set of critical master frames across a diverse set of actors and issues (e.g., housing, education, pensions, privatization of public services, corruption) that enabled the movement to effectively contest hegemonic narratives about the crisis, austerity, and democracy, influencing public debate and the political agenda.


Abstract Introduction Modern media are instruments of a cross-linked social system. Because everyone is involved, media-associated psychological effects have arisen. Due to the bizarre effects of mediacaused behaviour, authors have discussed the question of the entity of possible newand media-associated symptoms and devised a practical way to approach this question. In summary, the question that arises is whether George Orwell's literally-formulated hypotheses could clarify the phenomenon of media-associated diseases. Hypothesis Owing to the increasing use of new media tools, such as smartphones and handhelds, and social media networks, bizarre reports of mediaassociated aggressive or self-aggressive behaviour have arisen. These reports are perhaps not only a result of a permanent multitasking-use of the new media tools but also a new entity of media-associated diseases caused by the media tools themselves. Conclusion To check these implications, we propose a stepwise clinical pathway to clarify the question if the phenomenon of media-associated diseases is genuine or only an end result of the increased use of media tools. Introduction Modern media, such as the Internet and mobile phones, are leading irreplaceable instruments of a crosslinked global system. The Internet, which allows people in different parts of the world to exchange information, is accessible everywhere at all times by modern mobile smartphones, which support a wide range of services such as text and multimedia messaging, email, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. The use of social networking, including Facebook, Twitter and others, and new media as communication tools has rapidly risen1–6. Nearly everyone in all parts of business and social life are involved in the use of social networking, especially younger clients and peer groups7. Additionally, medical consultation, diagnosis and even treatment are performed with the help of tools such as web-based or network-associated instruments7,8,9. Additionally, disease-specific and self-regulating media communities have arisen within communities that deal with other social or private content4,5,10. The new media usage results to its negative side effects; dramatic and sometimes bizarre reports, including suicides addressed via media platforms, suicidal or aggressive behaviour or misuse of the communication tools have been reported11,12,13. The incredible and uncounted possibilities of these new steadily growing technical innovations may reflect an apparent unlimited progress of human interactions; however, the principles of individuality are increasingly affected by the obligation of permanent accessibility and an overflow of exogenous impulses. The multitasking subject therefore is permanently forced to interact between endogenous and exogenous information. This interaction itself does not represent a 'quiet process,' as individual and exogenous impulses are in a steadily open (public) interaction, in which the talkativeness of both sides seems to be a never-ending story in a 'Twitter/Facebook' society. The alluring freedom of perfect human interactivity may be much more invasive for further human development than actually imaginable. The question that arises is whether new diseases are genuinely caused by media-associated phenomena and the appropriate way to diagnose these diseases. In 1984, George Orwell described the model of the so-called 'Thought Police' (thinkpol in Newspeak), a secret police of Oceania that uncovered and punished thought-crime and thought-criminals by omnipresent surveillance (such as telescreens) to monitor, search and arrest members of society who could potentially challenge the authority and status quo, even if only by thought1.


Introd uction WITH the psychologists' attention having been concentrated for some time entirely on the need aspect of human motivation, the goal aspect has been almost completely neglected. Yet psychologists are beginning to realize the great importance of this aspect, especially within the frame of reference of psychotherapy. "All I hear is questions about goals," a psychoanalytically-oriented therapist said in a recent discussion in admitting that the handling of goals and values was an unresolved problem Research related to goals has been scarce and haphazard. There is no systematic description nor theory of the constituent and contributory factors to goalsetting. From Narziss Ach's studies (1905) on "determining tendencies" at the beginning of this century, over Kurt Lewin's (1926) "aspiration levels," to more recent studies of decision making, of achievement, and of success, we have investigations of special aspects of goalsetting. Developmental aspects of goalsetting were discussed by the author (1962) in a study on "Genetic Aspects of the Self." Goal patterns of healthy, essentially happy, and effective individuals were demonstrated by A. Maslow (1954), while H. Otto (1963) found, on the other hand, that the majority of people who answered his questionnaire on personality strength and personal resources had never given any thought or time to an assessment or evaluation of their potentialities. In accordance with this, I find in my therapy groups that very few of these people chose careers or entered personal relationships under the aspect of their own potentialities or their self-actualization. Everett Shostrom (1963) found, while standardizing his "Inventory for the Measurement of Self-Actualization," that the most self-actualizing person is the one who "is able to tie the past and the future to the present in meaningful continuity." His study throws some light on the healthy and unhealthy relationships of the individual to time. But little is known about the continuity of pursuits of those who, in the end, found their lives to be fulfilled as against those who ended in failure. In fact, we know the barest minimum about what people seek in life and what they do with themselves. The whole field is full of speculation. While this address cannot be the occasion for a systematic investi-


Causal Decision Theory (CDT) cares only about the effects of an act, not its causes. The paper constructs a case in which CDT consequently recommends a bet that the agent is certain to lose rather than a bet that the agent is certain to win. CDT is plainly giving wrong advice in this case. It therefore stands refuted.


The article reflects the culture of communication as effective communication skills in professional activities in the contemporary world. The aim of the article is to study the role of language clichés in professional communication, to determine the role of professional communication in the educational process and to present the structure of business communications and ways to increase their efficiency. The article provides the results of a study on speech interaction in the professional sphere. The authors of the article describe such phenomena inherent in the communication of employees of the penitentiary system, as compliance with the rules of official communication, the rules of language etiquette of teachers, methods of evaluative expressions. Particular attention in the characterization of evaluative expressions is paid to the ways of expressing criticism and praise in professional communication. The article considers language aggression as an unacceptable form of communication. The author identifies ways to combat language aggression. Such aspects of language communication as observance of norms of official communication, rules of language etiquette, and methods of evaluative expressions play an important role in professional activity. Language etiquette is a verbal formula for expressing polite attitudes to people in society. Therefore, learning to follow it is an extremely important task in today's world for the effectiveness of dialogue and business understanding.


Recent experimental evidence shows that when a protein (or peptide) binds to its ligand pair, the protein effectively "switches on" enabling long-range charge transport within the protein. Astonishingly, the protein-ligand complex exhibits conductances in the order of nanosiemens over distances of many nanometers and macroscopic Ohm's law emerges. Here, we investigate this emergent phenomenon via the framework of many-body (fermionic) quantum statistical principles. We propose a simple model which gives rise to an Ohm's law with vanishing quantum effects in its ther-modynamic limit (with respect to length scales). Specifically, we consider protein-ligand complexes as a two-band 1D lattice Hamiltonian system in which charge carriers (electrons or holes) are assumed to be quasi-free. We investigate theoretically and numerically the behavior of the microscopic current densities with respect to varying voltage, temperature and length within reasonable physiological parameter ranges. We compute the current observable at each site of the protein-ligand lattice and demonstrate how the local microscopic charge transport behavior generates the macroscopic current. The overall framework contributes to the search for unifying principles for long-range charge transport and associated emergent laws in protein complexes, which is crucial for bioelectronics.


As result of improved computing and communication capabilities, the use of sensors and sensor networks for environmental monitoring has gained considerable importance in the recent years. For an interoperable integration of sensor data like sensor descriptions, sensor measurements and alarm events, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) started the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) initiative and proposed several specifications in respect to a geospatial sensor web. First implementations of SWE software frameworks are available. In this paper, we present the results of the recent WEBBOS project. Its objective was to build up a system for early flood warnings by measuring soil moisture profiles. The use of soil moisture profiles is motivated by the fact that traditional approaches like the observation of water gauges are suitable for the prediction of large-river flooding but not for smaller drainage areas. We describe the architecture of our system and how it is built up by using existing software components to a large extent. Our special focus is on the incorporation of 3D soil moisture profiles into the SWE data model, on the integration of the new OGC Sensor Event Service, and on the development of a flexible web client for mapping and other visualization purposes.


Conventional x-ray imaging struggles with quantitation due to several challenges, including scatter, beam hardening, and multiple overlaying materials. We propose a new single-shot quantitative imaging (SSQI) method enabled by the combination of a primary modulator and a dual-layer detector to quantify area density of specific materials. The primary modulator enables scatter correction for the dual-layer detector, and the dual-layer detector enables beam hardening correction for the primary modulator. The dual-layer detector further provides motion-free dual-energy imaging from a single shot. When combined, the scatter-corrected dual-energy images can be used to create materialspecific images, including of soft tissue, bone, or iodine. A simulation study was performed of SSQI for chest x-ray imaging. We simulated projections of a digital chest phantom using a 120 kV spectrum, primary modulator, and dual-layer detector, with the addition of scatter and noise. Using the low-frequency property of scatter, a pre-calibrated material decomposition, and the known primary modulator pattern, we jointly recovered the scatter images in the dual-layer images and the material decomposition of the phantom. The resulting material decomposition accurately separated soft tissue from bone, reducing the RMSE in material-specific images by 66-84% as compared to no scatter correction. Through this simulation study, we have demonstrated the potential of SSQI for material quantification that is robust against scatter. The simplicity and broad applicability of SSQI to x-ray systems has the potential for widespread adoption, leading to improved quantitative imaging not only for chest x-ray but also for real-time image guidance and for cone-beam CT.


In this paper, we establish the Hyers–Ulam stability of delay differential equations in the form of x′(t)=f(t,xt) with a Lipschitz condition on a bounded and closed interval by using successive approximation method.


This article aims to explain how the violent condition in Timor Timur from integration to disintegration with Indonesia (1976-1999). The background of the research is to flashback the "Orde Baru" era about the depiction of violence in literature work. This article is a historiography study in a short story called Saksi Mata by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The writing process used literary and mimetic methods to analyze the data, which is observing the literary content with a realistic approach that was found in scientific study. The result of this research was representation and reality that was shown about pathetic explanation and touched humanity on how to further step towards to reveal the truth that was still hidden.


In this paper I discuss weaknesses in the traditional LFG account of complex predicates and in the XLE implementation of the same. I argue that the concept of predicate composition in general, and the mechanisms required to achieve it, are problematic, but that the most problematic element is the concept of argument fusion. I show that a semantically-integrated account of complex predicate formation is possible within LFG+glue, an account which provides a simple and effective formalization of argument fusion, and which does not suffer from the weaknesses of traditional approaches.


Research is ongoing concerning the medical risks and benefits of routine neonatal male circumcision. Interpretation of the data, however, is controversial. Circumcision presents a number of challenges in obtaining informed consent because of a variety of interesting issues. It is a nonemergent, elective procedure that allows for evaluation and discussion over time. In this respect, observation of the informed consent process for circumcision is relevant to other medical decisions, such as advance directives, discussed between primary care providers and patients. Obtaining informed consent for circumcision has its constraints. The process generally occurs over a brief hospital stay. There have been recent changes in the official position regarding the procedure by professional medical societies, and it raises considerable psychologic issues for the provider and may Impact the way in which Information is provided.


It is well known that electoral districts can be carefully designed so as to favour one political party over another. Such partisan cartography exercises are generally known as gerrymandering. This procedure is usually associated with American redistricting practices where the power to draw lines on the map lies with the various partisan legislatures . Hence the Congressional Quarterly Service (1966) informs us that the `first law' of reapportionment is for those in power to district in favour of their own party . The validity of this law has been empirically demonstrated by Sickels (1966) in a study of congressional elections in states with ten or more districts from 1946 to 1964 . He has studied the relationship between percentage of the vote a 13 [Received June 1975 ; revised September 1975]


Background and Aims Strategies for detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still limited. The GALAD score is a serum biomarker-based model designed to predict the probability of having HCC. We aimed to assess the ability of GALAD score to diagnose early HCC and its validity to follow patients after local ablation therapy. Methods This multicenter prospective study included 108 patients in two groups, 58 HCC patients (67 focal lesions) with local ablative therapy (study group), and a control group of 50 patients with liver cirrhosis. The GALAD scores of the study and control groups, and of the HCC patients before and after ablative therapy were compared. Results Most patients were men (74.1% in study group and 76% in controls) with hepatitis C virus infection (98.30% in the study group, and 94% in controls). GALAD scores were significantly higher in HCC patients than in those with benign cirrhosis (2.65 vs. −0.37, p=0.001). Ablative therapy was successful in 94.4% of focal lesions <2 cm, and in 86.10% of 2–5 cm lesions. The GALAD score was also significantly lower at 1 month after ablation in patients with well-ablated tumors (2.19 vs. 0.98, p=0.001). The best cutoff values of GALAD score for diagnosis of early HCC, and for prediction of well ablation of HCC were 0.74 and ≤3.31 (areas under the curve of 0.92 and 0.75, sensitivities of 84.48% and 76.19%, specificities of 89.13% and 83.33%, positive predictive values of 90.74% and 94.1%, and negative predictive values of 82% and 35.7% respectively). Conclusion The GALAD score was effective for the diagnosis of early HCC and for follow-up after ablative therapy.


Jonathan D. Leff, MD, is an associate professor of clinical anesthesiology at Montefiore Medical Center, where he serves as Director of the Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Fellowship and Chief of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology. His research interests include perioperative ultrasound, heart failure, and intraoperative blood management. Marc S. Zumberg, MD, is an associate professor of medicine at the University of Florida College of Medicine, where he serves as Section Chief of Benign Hematology and Chairman of the UFHealth Transfusion Committee. His research and/or clinical interests include hemostasis and thrombosis, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura, anticoagulation, transfusion medicine, apheresis, and sickle cell disease. James G. Widyn, MD, is a cardiothoracic anesthesiology fellow at Montefiore Medical Center. He will be a cardiothoracic anesthesiology attending in July 2014 at St. Francis Hospital in Roslyn, New York. His research interests include intraoperative ultrasound and factors for predicting postoperative outcomes. Abe DeAnda Jr, MD, FACS, FAHA, is an associate professor of surgery at New York University Langone Medical Center and Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Bellevue Hospital. His research and clinical interests include thoracic aortic surgery, blood conservation, Marfan's disease, and heparin induced thrombocytopenia.


Petra Blaisse is a textile designer using concepts related to dividing and communicating space. Her textile designs have similar features to the division and communication of internal and external space in modernist architecture. The purposes of this study were thus to compare and analyze the characteristics of the textile designs of Petra Blaisse and those of internal and external space in modernist architecture and check the applicability of textile design concepts to modern architecture. As a result, the textile designs of Petra Blaisse are characterized by more than two different layers being piled up one after another and thus creating different senses of volume. She also installs textiles in an open space, divides the space, and focuses on the communication of space rather than division of space. Those approaches are similar to the three characteristics of internal and external space organization in modernist architecture, which are openness, piling up, and transparency. Of the three characteristics, the transparency of glass blurs the boundaries between internal and external space between Petra Blaisse and modernist architecture, thus having the most decisive effects on the function of communication.


This paper,based on the research results of tourist destination image both home and abroad,not only sums up the concept,influencing factors and shaping process of tourism destination image from the perspective of communication,but also argues that tourism destination image is essentially a condensation of tourism destination features,remarkableness and comprehensive information.The image of tourism destination takes the original information as its material,forms by means of communication mechanism and acts on the tourists' behaviors through their psychological black case.Its communication research in China should go beyond the level of pure propaganda,expanding largely to all the processes of the image generation and operation as well as to all its links of the image information flow.


The present invention relates to anti-crack automatic capsule and a method of manufacture and method of use. The invention in a automatic capsule Crack to prevent or enhance the release of crack generation or the like for this purpose concrete, crack reinforcement to the liquid automatically Crack capsule, such that when a crack occurs in the protection or reinforcement structure to crack; And said crack reinforcement layer surrounding the outer wall of the capsule is a liquid; provides an automatic anti-cracking, characterized in that the capsule is provided. The present invention constructed as described above is conventional will one to enhance the release of crack prevention or automatically generated or the like concrete, thereby greatly improving quality and reliability of the product because meet various desires (needs) of a consumer user instill a good image It would be a help.


The objective was to assess temporal trends in postpartum opioid prescribing, opioid use, and pain control satisfaction. This is a prospective observational study of postpartum patients who delivered at a large tertiary care center (5/2017-7/2019). Inpatient patients were screened for eligibility; those meeting eligibility criteria who used inpatient opioids were approached for prospective survey participation which probed inpatient and outpatient postpartum pain control. The amount of opioids used during inpatient hospitalization and the amount of opioids prescribed at discharge were obtained from medical records. The primary outcome was the difference in opioid prescribing at discharge over time, measured by 1) the proportion of participants who received an opioid prescription at discharge and 2) for those who received an opioid prescription, the total morphine milligram equivalents of the prescription. Additional outcomes were inpatient and outpatient opioid use and patient-reported satisfaction with postpartum pain control. Trends over time were evaluated using non-parametric tests of trend. Of 2,503 postpartum patients screened for eligibility, a majority (N=1,425; 60.8%) did not use an opioid inpatient. Over the study period, there was a significant decline in the proportion of patients who used an opioid while inpatient (z-score=-11.8; p<0.01). Among these participants enrolled in the prospective survey study (N=494), there was a significant decline over time in the amount of inpatient opioids used (z-score=-2.4; p=0.02), the proportion of participants who received an opioid prescription upon discharge (z-score=-8.2; p<0.01) and, when an opioid was prescribed at discharge, the total prescribed morphine milligram equivalents (z-score=-4.3; p<0.01). Both inpatient and outpatient satisfaction with pain control were unchanged over this time (respective; z-score=1.1, p=0.27; z-score=1.1, p=0.29). In this population, the frequency and amount of opioid use in the postpartum period declined from 2017 to 2019. This decrease in opioid prescribing was not associated with changes in patient-reported satisfaction with pain control.


Full mouth rehabilitation is highly individualized treatment. Full mouth rehabilitation is done for the modification of the health of the entire mouth, including the teeth, gums and the occlusion. It is requisite for the replacement or restoration of the all teeth in the mouth using a combination of dental services. It requires proper diagnosis and detailed treatment planning to develop occlusal contacts and harmonious articulation in order to optimize stomathognathic function, health and esthetics which then translates to patient's comfort and satisfaction. Loss of normal occlusal plane and reduction in the vertical dimension of the occlusion caused due to the severe wear of anterior teeth and the collapse of posterior teeth. This case report is of full mouth rehabilitation of a 55 years old patient with missing posterior teeth, anterior attrited teeth with loss of vertical dimension.


Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is a rising global burden. A quasi experimental study design is carried out at AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital and An Nasiriyah Heart Center in AL-Nasiriyah City, from February, 2018through, November, 2018. A non-probability (Purposive sample) of (100) patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction divided into two group (50) patients as control group and (50) patients as study group. The data were collected through the use of questionnaire designed by researcher, which comprised of (2) parts: Part I: related to the Socio-demographic characteristics and Part II: Assessment of compliance toward dietary, by direct interview technique with the patients. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study and the validity through a panel of experts. The descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used for analysis of data. Findings of the present study indicated that the education program recorded positive and meaningful results in improving patients' compliance with dietary regimen. The results also showed that there was a non-significant relationship between socio-demographic characteristics variables and patient's compliance with dietary regimen for study in pretest stage and posttest of study group by P value < 0.05.


For raising the quality and efficiency of the daily training of radar troops,this paper presents the design plan of a radar troops simulation training system based on the network platform intelligence to the shortage of the current simulation training system.This system takes the radar intelligence scenario with certain tactical background as the simulation object,generates the real time radar echo signal that the training needed by means of the simulation method.According to the assignment that the data processing server assumes in the course of the radar intelligence scenario processing,adopting modularization program design thought,the design model of data processing server software has been given in this paper.


The emergence of agricultural cooperatives is extensively viewed as a necessary institutional arrangement that can help farmers in developing countries overcome the constraints that impede them from improving sustainable agricultural production and acquiring new marketing opportunities. Therefore, this study examines the determinants of cooperative membership and its impact on fish farm household income, using data collected from two regions in Ghana. An endogenous switching regression (ESR) model is utilized to address the potential sample selection bias issue. The results show that household heads' decisions to join cooperatives are affected by their access to credit, off-farm work, education level, and peer influence. Cooperative membership can increase both household and farm income by 28.54% and 34.75%, respectively. Moreover, we show that different groups of households' cooperative impacts on farm and household income are heterogeneous. Our findings highlight the importance of cooperative patronization and provide implications that can improve households' welfare.


The scene opens with the camera zooming in on a small raised stage where a group of muṭribs (minstrel performers) are enacting a rūḥawzī piece. At stage left, a young man is singing a love song that describes the physical features of his beloved, Chihilgis. He is accompanied by an ensemble that plays rhythmic music (in 6/8 meter) on traditional Iranian instruments—the tunbak, the tār, and the kamānchih. Standing next to the singer is Chihilgis, performed by a crossed-dressed performer (zanpūsh) who sports a long wig and moves flirtatiously to the song, making coquettish gestures with the eyes, lips, and shoulders. Chihilgis then joins the dance center stage with the two other main characters: the protagonist, enacted by the black-faced performer Mubarak, who has a tambourine (dāyirih) in hand; and Haji, Chihilgis' old father, who sports a white cotton beard. With variations based on the characters, the dance consists of typical muṭribī moves, including exaggerated wrist and hip rotations, facial gestures such as blinking, and sliding head movements. This musical segment is followed by a witty, humorous dialogue between Mubarak and Haji with sexual undertones.


In order to improve the efficiency of the fault diagnosis of traditional BP-network,the wavelet-network is proposed.The self-adaptive neural network algorithm about adjusting momentum vector and learning rate is discussed.A method of how to set the initial parameters of the self-adaptive wavelet neural networks is also employed.Diagnosis principle is elaborated on and practical examples are used to exemplify the validity of the method in fault diagnosis.


When explosion occurs inside a relative enclosed cabin,the load,to which the plate grillage of the cabin is subjected,includes wall reflection shock wave and converging shock wave at the corner section.Load characteristics will influence the failure pattern of the structure.In the paper,a double cabin model is used to perform explosion experiment with different amount of explosive charge,and the influence of three connection patterns of the corner structure on the converge of shock wave is studied.An explanation of shock wave convergence is given with the method of images.Interaction between the blast loading and the structure is analyzed.Results indicate that connection pattern of the corner structure will influence the shock wave field only in the case of small amount of explosive charge,and the connection pattern with relatively moderate transition form relieves the convergence of shock wave at the corner.However,when the initial intensity of shock wave is relatively high,the connection pattern of the corner structure hardly influences the converging process of shock wave.High pressure zone formed by reflection shock wave in the cabin will be exerted on the middle section of the transverse bulkhead.Based on this propagation path and characteristics,arranging appropriate opening structure will reduce converging pressure of shock wave.


The transition record of mobile phones across Base Transceiver Stations can be used as useful data for urban traffic management. While, most of the urban traffic users are mobile users, thus the count of such users can be used as a count of traffic users on urban roads. Using this mobile phone transition records, we have developed a system to classify the mobile phone users in different categories. We have developed algorithms to classify the mobile phone users, such as static users, pedestrians users, slow moving vehicle users, city bus users, car or bike users, daily travelers, users of a large gathering, non-resident users. This classification will help the urban traffic managers to control the traffics and congestion on urban roads.


Minxian-Wudu area in the western Qinling is just located at the intersection of Qinling-Qilian-Kulun EW tectonic zone and Helan-Chuandian SN tectonic zone and the northeastern fringe of uplifted or uplifting Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where is in the gravitational gradient zone and crust thickness steep gradient zone circling Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Its geomorphological characteristics,in particular,its stream geomo-phological evolution,can provide the latest messages on the interaction of uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and activity of SN active tectonic zone.Based upon the comparision for terrances of Taohe River(TR) and Minjiang River(MR) in this area and analysis for regional geomorphology it is suggested that this two rivers had been a river before the late Pleistocene(about 0.03 Ma BP),called ancient Mingjiang River(AMR),and Lintan-Zhuoni-Minxian sector of the present TR was the upper reach of AMR,Muzhailing-Minxian sector of TR was one of tributary streams of AMR.The geologically historical relation-ship between the TR and MR above is interpreted as the result of the NNE strike divide ridge appearing 0.03 Ma BP,which cut the hydraulic relation between the TR and MR.The NNE strike divide ridge in this area is suggested to be the geomorphological response of thermo-tectonic activity of the Helan-Chuandian SN tectonic zone and the external diffusion and rapid uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.


An iterative detection method is proposed for error control coded differential unitary space-time modulation(DUSTM) systems in flat and frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels.The DUSTM can be seen as a recursive convolutional code,and error control coded DUSTM can be considered as a serial concatenation code.Therefore a soft-output posteriori probability decoder of DUSTM and the iterative detection method are proposed to get the additional coding gain.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed detection method has good performance in both flat and frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels.


Studies were begun to compare the oligosaccharide structures of the low-molecular-weight mucin purified from the submandibular-sublingual saliva of a normal individual with that from one with cystic fibrosis. Following alkaline/borotritide cleavage, neutral and sialic acid-containing chains were purified by a combination of gel filtration, paper chromatography, and high-voltage paper electrophoresis. Oligosaccharides ranged in size from a disaccharide to a heptasaccharide. Approximately 80% of the oligosaccharides were GalB1, 3 GalNAc; Fucα1,2GalB1,3GalNAc; and NeuAcα2,3GalB1, 3GalNAc. The other structures were Fucα1,2GalB1,4(Fucα1,3)GlcNAcB1,6 (GalB1,3)GalNAc or GalB1,4(Fucα1,3)GlcNAcB1,6(Fucα1,2GalB1, 3)GalNAc; GalB1,4(Fucα1,3)GlcNAcB1,6(NeuAcα2,3GalB1,3)GalNAc; and Fucα1,2GalB1,4(Fucα1,3)GlcNAcB1,6 (NeuAcα2,3Gal-B1,3)GalNAc. There were no apparent qualitative differences in the neutral and sialic acid-containing units recovered from the normal and cystic fibrosis samples.


In annealing, steel coils should be heated and consequently cooled according to the technological prescription defined for the annealed type of steel. It is appropriate to develop the systems and methods for estimation of the steel coil inner temperature for that reason. The proposal for such a system of indirect measurement of inner temperature is described in this study. This system, in the form of the mathematical model, is developed based on the theory of heat transfer and needs thermophysical parameters as inputs. In many cases, the thermophysical properties are difficult to access or unknown for the specific composition of the material being processed. In this paper, two optimization methods were applied to estimate two thermophysical properties. The application of the iterative dynamic programming method is aimed to estimate optimal thermal diffusivity. The verification of this method was performed on 11 laboratory measurements. The algorithm of the gradient method was used for estimating thermal conductivity and was verified on seven operational measurements. Results show that the optimized values of thermophysical properties increased the accuracy of the steel coil inner temperature estimation in the locations nearer to the steal coil central axis.


The paper reviews the savings behavior of households from the perspective of developing countries. Though the standard analytical framework used to explain savings in developed countries is still relevant to developing countries, it must be applied with care. Two sets of issues must be given particular attention. One is the role of market imperfections and extra market institutions which have developed to supplement them. The other is the role of government budgetary and tax policies, and other market interventions.


An elementary algebraic problem attributed to Leonardo of Pisa is analysed and some illogical elements in its formulation and solution are exposed. The natural context in which the problem was formulated is then proposed, and some consequences are discussed. How many times have you heard that somebody is a wizard? And how many times did you take it literally? Most likely, the answer to the second question is 'never'. And yet, there are reasons to believe that some people among us are real wizards, of the kind described with so much charm in the recently published series of books on Harry Potter [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]. These books have provided us with a wealth of details on wizards and their society.


Our skin is our most important barrier to the surrounding environment. Every day, it has to fight threats like UVlight, mechanical stress or germs and viruses. Excessive exposure to sunlight is one of the biggest risk factors of skin cancers. While in the 1960s the lifetime risk to develop malignant melanoma was 1:600 today it is about 1:100. Therefore, research on this type of cancer, which only has a good chance of treatment if diagnosed early, is important.


Asia is the largest of the world's continents, covering approximately 30 percent of the Earth's land area. It is also the world's most populous continent, with roughly 60 percent of the total population 4.4bln. The border between the two continents is debated. However, most geographers define Asia's western border as an indirect line that follows the Ural Mountains, the Caucasus Mountains, and the Caspian and Black seas. Asia is bordered by the Arctic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Today, Asia is home to the citizens of 48 countries, two of them (Russia and Turkey) having part of their land in Europe.


The article describes the implementation of a collaborative approach for localization and mapping of large urban environments. This approach foresees the presence of multiple human operators, endowed with wearable sensors, whose outputs are processed in real-time in order to estimate human odometry. A Graph-based CLAM approach, generating a global map, is then applied: in order to improve the optimization phase of the algorithm, deterministic and probabilistic intervention approaches are proposed. More in detail, the loop closure procedure has been improved according to human sensing and the observations of external sensors. Experimental tests have been carried out in the historical center of Genova, proving that the proposed method overcomes classical multi-operator SLAM approaches.


A space-based interferometer such as eLISA could observe few to few thousands progenitors of black hole binaries (BHBs) similar to those recently detected by Advanced LIGO. Gravitational radiation circularizes the orbit during inspiral, but some BHBs retain a measurable eccentricity at the low frequencies where eLISA is most sensitive. The eccentricity of a BHB carries precious information about its formation channel: BHBs formed in the field, in globular clusters, or close to a massive black hole (MBH) have distinct eccentricity distributions in the eLISA band. We generate mock eLISA observations, folding in measurement errors, and using Bayesian model selection we study whether eLISA measurements can identify the BHB formation channel. We find that a handful of observations would suffice to tell whether BHBs were formed in the gravitational field of a MBH. Conversely, several tens of observations are needed to tell apart field formation from globular cluster formation. A five-year eLISA mission with the longest possible armlength is desirable to shed light on BHB formation scenarios.


The relation between human papilloma virus (HPV) and cancer is still being explored. The HPV serotypes responsible for genital warts are usually different from those implicated in anogenital cancer, but this large study now links genital warts with an increased overall risk for cancer …


The history of chemistry in general, and in the U.S. in particular, has been, at best, neglected by both the chemical community and historians of science. In an effort to correct this neglect and the tendency of chemists to ignore their own heritage, the American Chemical Society and the University of Pennsylvania, along with a number of industrial sponsors, began the Center for History of Chemistry in 1982. There is little question that awareness of the history of chemistry has increased significantly in the U.S. chemical community. The next step is to provide a good history for mass consumption. When most of us consider the history of chemistry or the history of our own subdiscipline, we generally think of the great ideas and the great men or women who proposed them. We think of Lavoisier, Dalton, Liebig, Kekule, van't Hoff, Gibbs, Fischer, and the many others who provided the foundations of modern chemistry. We are ...


International Rectifier's latest development in IGBT technology has offered the power converter industry with optimized power switches-the WARP Speed/sup TM/ IGBTs. They have switching characteristics that are very close to those of power MOSFETs, without sacrificing the inherently superior conduction characteristics of IGBTs. Thus, in higher-power power supply type applications where power MOSFETs can become prohibitively expensive, the IGBT offers a more cost-effective solution.


Evolving viscoplastic flows upon slopes are an important idealization of many flows in a variety of geophysical situations where yield stress is thought to play a role. For such models, asymptotic expansions suitable for slowly moving shallow fluid layers (lubrication theory) reduce the governing equations to a simpler problem in terms of the fluid thickness. We consider the version of the theory for fluids described by the Herschel–Bulkley constitutive law, and provide a variety of solutions to the reduced equation, both numerical and analytical. For extruded inclined domes, we derive the characteristic temporal behaviour of measures of the dome's dimensions.


A new interconnect model is proposed that predicts the distribution parameters of net lengths. The model takes as input a standard cell netlist and provides as output estimates of the mean and variance offer length on a net by net basis. The model was developed and verified on designs produced with two different place and route algorithms.


Query graph as a junction of semantic parsing in question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) connects questions and logical queries. Though query graph consists of rich information such as structure, relation, etc., the current KBQA's models mainly utilize limited relation information in a naive way. It is not easy to learn the representation of a query graph with that information due to the heterogeneity of the query graph and intricate correlation of relations. In this paper, we propose a Global Semantic-based Message Passing (GSMP) model to model the global semantics of a query graph from its structure and relation information. In GSMP, we present a recurrent-based relational graph convolutional network (RGCN) to capture heterogeneous query graphs where the recurrent unit improves the capability of RGCN in processing small-scale query graphs. Moreover, we present a contextual-based method to remove ambiguity caused by intricate correlations where the contextual adjacency of relations optimizes relation representation. Finally, we present a nonlinear gate-based encoder to learning the representation of questions' syntactic tree, as the structure information of questions, for better matching the global semantics of query graphs. Experiments evaluated on benchmarks show that our model outperforms off-the-shelf models.


Previous work has shown that the formation of misconceptions remains one of the most significant barriers to progress for chemistry students. Determination and visualization of the shapes of molecules using valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) is an example of an abstract concept that students often find difficult to learn. Concepts may be better understood if the learning process were supported by innovative, interactive, learning resources. In order to address the conceptual difficulties that students may encounter when using VSEPR theory, an activity has been developed that is supported by simple molecular models. Activity cards give students the opportunity to work through the steps required to predict the shape of a molecule in an engaging manner that promotes social learning. Students were tested before and after the activity. A statistically significant improvement in scores (p = 0.001) was found, which indicates that the activity cards and molecular models could help student...


The complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation (CQGLE) is a universal model for describing a dissipative system, especially fiber laser. The analytic one-soliton solution of the variable-coefficients CQGLE is calculated by a modified Hirota method. Then, phenomena of soliton pulses splitting and stable bound states of two solitons are investigated. Moreover, rectangular dissipative soliton pulses of the variable-coefficients CQGLE are realized and controlled effectively in the theoretical research for the first time, which breaks through energy limitation of soliton pulses and is expected to provide theoretical basis for preparation of high-energy soliton pulses in fiber lasers.


A highly dismembered assemblage of ultramafic and mafic rocks is exposed in the Eastern Cordillera of the Central Peruvian Andes, extending along a discontinuous NW-SE belt over some 250 km between 12° and 9° S of latitude. One of the most important occurrences is the Tapo Mafic-Ultramafic Complex, which occurs at 3750 to 4200 m above sea level, 2 km to the west of Tapo locality, in the Tarma province, about 200 Km west of Lima. The Tapo complex is a lens-shaped body, 5 km long and 1-2 km wide, that consists mainly of strongly serpentinized peridotites and some gabbros. Several small open pits won chromite from podiform chromitite lenses ( ≥60 chromite) and from disseminated chromite in serpentinite. The main structural trend of the Tapo Complex is NW – SE and the massif is tectonically emplaced upon Lower Carboniferous sedimentary rocks. The rocks of the Tapo massif are overprinted by metamorphism reaching amphibolite facies (see Willner et al, 2010, for more information on the metamorphic conditions). The main purpose of this work is to constrain the age determination of the Tapo Complex, using Sm-Nd technique direct dating of chromites and, also, amphibole, plagioclase and whole-rock samples from the host gabbro. In addition K-Ar age determination on amphibole is presented to date the metamorphic overprint.


The author reviews "tactical" approaches to urban redevelopment and preservation in the western and eastern world. Examples: Bologna, Liverpool (Albert Dock Warehouses), Edinburgh (New Town), London, (Mayfair and Covent Garden, Isfahan (Bazaar), with notes.


Abstract In this article, we prove a common fixed point theorem for commutative nonlinear mappings that jointly satisfy a certain condition. From the main theorem, a common fixed point theorem for commutative generalized hybrid mappings is derived as a special case. Our novel approach significantly expands the applicable range of mappings for well-known fixed point theorems to be effective. Examples are presented to explicitly illustrate this contribution.


The present investigations were carried out to screen out the tomato genotypes grown in vegetable Research Farm, College f Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, during 2012 to evaluate the performance of fifty tomato genotypes on the basis of some important morphological, biochemical, yield components and test their suitability for processing after preparation of product (Ketchup) and their storage behaviour.


Abstract Intraosseous (IO) access is a recommended technique in cases of an emergency situation where IV access cannot be obtained. Despite advancements in IO devices and FDA approval of many types of IO devices, it has various complications that although are rare, can be potentially life-threatening. We report a case of acute tibial osteomyelitis in an adult female with a history of polysubstance drug abuse a few weeks after an IO access from a previous hospital stay.


Objective To investigate the influence of Mycoplasma on the production and infection of recombinant retrovirus on target cells.MethodsThe expression of green fluorescence protein(GFP) was detected using inverted fluorescence microscop or flow cytometer.The efficiency of transfection and infection was analyzed.PCR was employed to determine whether cultured cells 293T,NIH3T3 and 32D were contaminated by Mycoplasm.ResultsAntibiotic Plasmocin effectively eliminated the Mycoplasma contamination both inside the cells and in the cell culture medium.After elimination of the Mycoplasma in the host cells with Plasmocin,both the production of the recombinant retrovirus and the infection efficiency on target cells were greatly improved.ConclusionMycoplasma contamination can affect not only the production of retrovirus but also the infection of target cells.Plasmocin is an ideal antibiotic for Mycoplasma elimination in the cultured cells.


The purpose of this paper is to study optimal relationships between customer, main contractor, and subcontractor. We make the following assumptions: main contractor and subcontractor have types that specify expenses and outcomes for all actions that can be performed. The higher type has fewer expenses for the same action, and optimal action increases with type. Contractors announce their types but can cheat, i.e., not reveal true types. The action and the respective remuneration are specified by the higher authority accordingly to the type declared. Incentives are paid so distorting real type is disadvantageous both for main contractor and subcontractor. We consider these assumptions to be compatible with economic practice. Methodology. We apply methods of contract theory, probability theory, and variation calculus, appropriately modifying apparatus of classic basic incentive problem. Variety of types of (sub-)contractors available is described via probability distributions. Then expected values of profits for participants are calculated as integral functionals. Maximization of these functional results in implicit equations for optimal incentive functions. Results. A method for optimization of activity of all participants is developed. Its requirements are traditional and non-restrictive; hence the expected area of applications is wide enough. Optimal actions and incentive functions are found. Formulae for the influence of expected main contractor and subcontractor's productivity and expenses on customers profit and payoffs are presented. Conclusions. It is shown that generally customer does not need to collect information about real subcontractor, relying on main contractor, but should take into account the actual situation in the respective branch. In the case when the customer is fully informed about this situation, contractor's expected profit does not depend on subcontractor's type (although it is only a mathematical expectation and a concrete result can vary).


The demand for high quality electricity and growing electricity consumption has been caused by increasing charge of day by day life causes and the rising number of delicate or critical loads. Because of the quick increase in worldwide energy consumption and the di-minishing of petroleum derivatives, the customer demand for new generation limits and effective energy production, delivery and use continues rising. Microgrids are becoming increasingly alluring to customers and in that capacity later on, an extraordinary number of them will be installed at purchaser's locales. In this circumstance, regular distribution networks that acknowledge distributed generation associations may confront genuine trouble when its control and protection functions turn out to be more muddled. This incurs a weight to the system task and some specialized constraints will show up when an incredible number of distributed generations are installed. One method for overcoming such issues, a micro grid system is shaped to give solid electricity and warmth delivering administrations by connecting distributed generations and loads together within a little area.The micro grid idea can possibly take care of significant issues arising from extensive entrance of distributed generation in distribution systems. A legitimate control technique ought to be actu-alized for a fruitful task of a micro grid . Diverse load models can be reproduced and dissected using MATLAB and PSCAD programming. In this paper, the work done in the field of Micro Grid has been reviewed.


ABSTRACT For an induction generator to be self excited a capacitor with a sufficient value has to be connected to its stator terminal. Under steady state conditions and for a given capacitor value, two unknowns have to be found to resolve the machine unknowns: the output frequency and the magnetizing reactance. Finding these two unknowns requires simultaneous solution of two high degree polynomials. Numerical techniques are usually involved. It is typical, however, for the induction generator to have a small but negative slip. This fact is used in this paper to derive simple approximate closed expressions for both the output frequency and the magnetizing reactance. The calculations using these expressions show excellent agreement with the exact values obtained by numerical techniques


This report illuminates the special characteristics of the overall political-economic context confronting governments on the Amazon frontier as the current pattern of development often results in violent conflict and wasteful environmental damage. The main messages of the report are: 1) settlers in the Amazon do appear to be improving their standard of living compared to people with same education and skills outside the Amazon; 2) transience and farm turnover on the frontier is due to powerful and fundamental economic forces; 3) transience, farm turnover, and even apparent land abandonment is not necessarily linked to degradation of the agricultural resource base; 4) more attention needs to be given to the importance of reconciling the needs of local politicians with externally designed projects; 5) creating a political coalition to support policies for orderly frontier development is difficult; 6) roads are the fundamental determinant of settlement; 7) allocating land initially to small farmers is not only good policy from an equity standpoint, but it is also the most efficient and orderly way to settle new lands; and finally 8) national governments must define their objectives carefully with regards to establishing government beyond the economic frontier.


Although numerous biomarkers or biomarker candidates have been discovered to detect levels of drinking and intervals of time after last drinking episode, only a few biomarkers have been applied to monitor abstinence in a longer interval (≥6 wks) from alcohol abuse. Considering sample sources, sensitivity, and specificity, new biomarkers from blood with better accuracy are needed. To address this, serum proteomic profiles were compared between pre‐ and post‐ treatment samples from subjects seeking treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence in an intensive 6wk daily outpatient program using high‐abundance plasma protein immunodepletion and LC‐MS/MS techniques. Protein identification, quantification, candidate biomarker selection, and prioritization analyses were carried out. Among the 246 quantified serum proteins, abundance of 13 and 45 proteins in female and male subjects were significantly changed (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. Of these biomarker candidate proteins, 2 (female) and 8 (male) proteins were listed in category 1, with high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and fold change. In summary, several new biomarker candidates have been identified to monitor abstinence from alcohol abuse.


Affix is an important grammatical phenomenon in Chinese.Although affix in modern Chinese is basically the same as in contemporary Chinese,there are differences in many ways.This paper is aimed to study such fundamental questions as the nature,classification and criteria of modern Chinese affixes.This research is of special significance to the study of Chinese language.


Objective To investigate the expression of transforming growth factorβ-1 (TGFβ-1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relationship with tumor characteristics and survival of patients with NSCLC.Methods The expression of TGFβ-1 and EGFR in 114 NSCLC patients was evaluated by immunohistochemical technique.The relationship between patient outcome and clinical pathologic characters was studied.Results Positive immunostaining of TGFβ-1 was detected in 48.25% of NSCLC samples.TGFβ-1 expression correlated with histological type and EGFR expression (x2 =11.679,P =0.001 ;x2 =6.883,P =0.009,respectively).The expression of TGFβ-1 was not correlated with gender,age,lymph node,differentiation and AJCC.EGFR expression significantly related with histological type(x2 =15.497,P < 0.001),but not associated with clinicopathological features.Patients with positive TGFβ-1 expression had better prognosis (x2 =4.066,P =0.044).In EGFR positive patients,positive TGFβ-1 expression was favorable prognostic factor.Patients with TGFβ-1 positive expression shown longer overall survival(x2 =5.768,P =0.016).Conclusion TGFβ-1 may be a favourable prognostic factor for the patients with NSCLC,especially for the patients with positive EGFR,the results may help to predict the prognosis and optimize the strategies for individualized therapy.

Key words:
Non-small cell lung cancer;  Transforming growth factorβ-1 ;  Epidermal growth factor receptor;  Immunohistochemistry


1. Male and female European robins, Erithacus rubecula, defended separate territories from August to January. Pairs formed between January and March. 2. The benefits of early pairing were twofold: first, as 20% of males failed to pair there was strong competition for females; second, although pairing was initially costly in terms of individual foraging success, bachelors invested more time advertising in the long term. 3. Birds on individual territories encountered large food items more frequently than those on pair territories. This decrease in foraging success within pairs was identified as a cost of territory sharing. 4. To test the hypothesis that food availability underlies the defence of individual territories in winter, and the timing of switches to pair territoriality, I manipulated food supply and recorded individual behaviour. 5. Compared to controls, males provided with extra food were forced to repel intruders more frequently, yet advertised for mates earlier and paired earlier. 6. Pair members whose supplementary food supply was temporarily withdrawn spent less time consorting than controls. This suggests that an elevated food supply helped individuals to afford the costs of sharing their food resources, and thus to pair and lay clutches early. 7. The influence of food supply and territoriality on population density and social behaviour is discussed.


Abstract This article explores the process through which teachers go as they engage in teacher research that attempts to answer 'burning questions' about their practice. It reports on the experiences of 45 in-service teachers enrolled in an MA in Education program as they develop an inquiry ethic while engaging in research projects that require them to collect and analyze data, interact with instructors and peers, engage in dialogue surrounding inquiry, and draw conclusions from their data collection and analysis during semester-long course. Based on data collected over a two-year period, the authors attempt to pose a framework for the development of such an ethic, positing the dimensions of the stance that teacher researchers demonstrate as they begin to view themselves as part of the ongoing dialogue between theory and practice. It further describes the nature of each dimension as well as the products of the teacher research projects.


In this work we studied the synthesis of BSCCO-2212 superconducting phase associating a quite similar method developed by Pechini with the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. To study the influence of the microwaves on the properties of BSCCO system, we synthesized two samples by such method. For one sample we used carbonates and for the other one we used nitrates as chemical reagents. We also produced a reference sample just using carbonates by Pechini s method to compare their morphological and superconducting properties. The structural properties of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Bi-2212 phase is predominant in all samples and despites the nitrates-like sample has a broader distribution of grain size in comparison with the reference sample, its magnetic behaviour is closer to that presented by the reference one.


The utility model discloses a planer-type machine tool with a vertical/horizontal NC (numerical control) machining center, which comprises a base. A slide rail is arranged on the base; a worktable is mounted on the base and matched with the slide rail on the base in a slide-and-guide manner; a planer-type stand column including left and right upright columns is fixed at the front end of the base; the left and the right upright columns are respectively fixed on the left and the right sides of the base; the upper end of the planer-type stand column is connected with a crossbeam; a slide plate glidingly matched and connected with the front end surface of the crossbeam in the lateral direction is arranged; a second main shaft glidingly matched and connected with the front side surface of the slide plate in the vertical direction is arranged; a cutting tool is mounted on the second main shaft sliding seat; a manipulator tool magazine is mounted at the end part of the crossbeam; left and right slide seats glidingly and respectively matched and connected with the front end surfaces of the left and the right upright columns in the vertical direction are arranged; a first main shaft sliding seat and a third main shaft sliding seat glidingly and respectively matched and connected with the upper end surfaces of the left and the right sliding seats in the lateral direction are arranged; and the first main shaft sliding seat and the third main shaft sliding seat are equipped with cutting tools respectively. The planer-type machine tool realizes the clamping at one time, and achieves the multi-station heavy-cut machining functions of milling, boring, drilling, reaming, tapering and the like on the top and the side surfaces.


In this work, we had adopted solid states reaction kinetic model to calculate diffusion coefficient of graphite Gr in Gum Arabic (GA) as the function of temperatures and concentration  D(t, C). From the calculations we have found that the diffusion coefficient D increases with increasing temperature. At higher temperature the Gr atoms might get enough thermal energy to overcome the activation energy (Ea) barrier and hence can easily be transported to a new atomic position. Diffusion coefficient of Gr at high concentrations had exceeded that at low concentrations by more than two to three orders of magnitude. Such increase can be attributed to the large number of jumps or jump frequency which found to be directly proportion to the Gr concentration. Electric conductivity, calculated by Nernst-Einstein equation, at high concentration Gr had exceeded that at lower concentration. The decrease in conductivity with decreasing Gr concentration might be attributed to the effective charges interactions, which lead to enhance the recombination of charge carriers.


Although perihepatic lymph node enlargement (PLNE) is frequently observed in chronic liver disease, little is known about PLNE in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to evaluate this issue.


A novel approach for the linearization of dual input Doherty power amplifier (DPA) is derived by taking inspiration from the operation of the device. A new point of view is evaluated and an automatic identification procedure is developed, reducing the complexity of the predistorter, improving linearity and efficiency at the same time and avoiding the usage of crest factor reduction (CFR). It is also emphasized the importance of a power dependent phase relationship between the inputs of the dual input DPA. A validation of the theory is performed by means of a MATLAB/ADS envelope co-simulation.


Driving reduction and cessation were explored through a review of the literature. The dispersed land use environment in the United States and the lack of suitable alternative transportation have made the automobile essential for mobility and the maintenance of a good quality of life. As people age, there are declines in vision, cognitive resources, and psychomotor ability, as well as declines due to the pathological effects of disease. These changes negatively affect the ability to drive. Aging drivers compensate for these changes by self-restricting where and when they drive, and by simplifying the driving task by eliminating distractions, avoiding unpredictable situations, and sometimes involving the assistance of another person. Driving cessation occurs when a person can no longer compensate and is usually brought on by a triggering event. Health problems are the main factor associated with cessation but stress and loss of confidence also contribute. Reactions to advice on the time to stop driving from family and friends are mixed and such advice is better received from physicians. Older drivers prefer to make the driving cessation decision themselves. Programs of peer and social support have been relatively successful in helping older persons adjust to not driving.


In twentieth Century twenty or thirty,the development of women's liberation movement makes women's status has improved,female employment environment has been greatly improved,more women out of the home,enter the field of social occupation.Educated women compared to otherwomen had more advantages in employment,but in fact their employment is still struggling.Educated women is repeatedly discrimination and unfair treatment in society,bear the enormous mental pressure,and play mother,wife,professional women roles in the family.They are the same as men for professional roles in society,but not the same as men's jobs and wages.Educated women's employment was still very difficult in that time.


n ambitious scientific project started in 1983 (and it is still in progress) aiming to the solution f a series of structural problems of the Parthenon Temple. One of them is the restoration of the amaged joins of the epistyles due to the corros e iron and their intense mechanical rain. In the frame of this effort, a parametric num undertaken, using the finite element method, in order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the "I" shaped connectors and of the marble body surrounding them in case the epistyles are subjected to shear. The models ed together with one tita the blocks and filled with suitable cementitious material (mortar). Synoptically the parameters studied incl