Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules bind and present short antigenic peptide fragments on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to T‑cell receptors. Recognition of peptide‑MHC complexes by T‑cells initiates a cascade of signals in T‑cells and activated cells either destroy or help to destroy the APC. The MHCs are divided into three subgroups: MHC class I, MHC class II and MHC class III. In addition, nonclassical MHC molecules and MHC‑like molecules play a pivotal role in shaping our understanding of the immune response. In the design of molecular vaccines for the treatment of diseases, an understanding of the three‑dimensional structure of MHC, its interaction with peptide ligands and its interaction with the T‑cell receptor are important prerequisites, all of which are discussed herein.


This work presents the development of a 3-DoF leg with series and parallel compliant actuation. Series-elastic main actuators are combined with parallel high efficiency energy storage branches, to substantially improve energy efficiency. The leg design is semi-anthropomorphic, with similar mass and mass distribution to the human limb, and includes a biarticulated actuation configuration. The parallel branches are driven by secondary motors and their design parameters are optimised. The mechanical design of the prototype leg is presented, introducing details of the actuation configuration principles employed. Preliminary experimental data are presented, in which a baseline series-elastic-only configuration is compared with configurations with mono- and biarticulated parallel branches, respectively. The results effectively demonstrate the concept's potential, showing improvements of 53% and 60% in electrical power consumption while the leg is executing loaded cyclic motion profiles.


Although congenital atresia of the iiitestiiic in man lias frequently been reported (Tobeck, '27; Rodoii, '30; \'ebb and \\'angeristeen, '31 ; Cottam and Cottam, '42 ; Price and Chang, '46 ; and standard texts of liurrian emhryology), the anomaly has seldom been reported in other animals. Stamp ('43) has described H case of atresia of the ileum in the new-born calf and a case of atresia of the colon in the new-born foal, but the condition has never to our knowledge been descrihcd in the pig. The term "intestinal atresia " is sornewliat ambiguous. It may refer to cases in which tlie iiitcstiac is merely obstructed, to cases in wliicli tlie lumen is occluded and the gut reduced in diameter, and to cases in which the intestine is completely separated into two portions, each portion ending in a. blind sac. All types of atresia have been reported in man. The cases reported by Stamp are of the type in which the intestilie is completely separated into two portions. The anomaly here reported is of this type also. The anomaly was discovered in a formalin-preserved foetal pig of 25 em crown-rump lengtli. The duodenum and jejunum were normal. The ileum, however, gradually increased in size to a cii*cuniference of 5.1 em a few centimeters before ending in a blind pouch (see fig. 1). Distal to the break the ileum fornicd another blind pouch, this tinie only 1 cni in circurrifereiice. From here the intestine continued to the anus with R uniform circumference of about 1 em. Dark brown iiieconiuin


were, who their children were, and birth and death dates as far as are known appear, as does other information about the people whose presence is documented. From wellknown fi gures like Naiche and other members of Cochise's and Mangas Coloradas's families to people no less important in their culture but previously invisible to those outside Chiricahua life, hundreds of people with individualized records appear in this archival work. Acknowledging the foundational genealogical studies of Gillett Griswold, director of the US Army Field Artillery Museum at Fort Sill from 1954 to 1979, Delgadillo and Perrett, who from her home in Wales had been working on a project similar to Delgadillo's, joined their research eff orts with Griswold's to produce the current volume. Th e authors credit Griswold with recording oft en ignored information about marriages and family connections that provide a more complete view of Chiricahua people. Of particular importance is the deeper knowledge about women in Chiricahua families; relationships through the mother's line and women's infl uence in Apache life are vital factors recognized here. Th e introduction will be of considerable value to readers who do not have extensive knowledge of the military history of the Southwest and Plains or nineteenthcentury Chiricahua life. For others, both academic and nonacademic, the volume off ers a unique compilation of information about individuals aff ected by military actions and resulting relocations. Th e volume also includes previously unpublished photographs and reproductions of paintings that add signifi cantly to the written record.


Background No randomized comparison of early (ie, ≤3 months) aortic valve replacement (AVR) versus conservative management or of transcatheter AVR (TAVR) versus surgical AVR has been conducted in patients with low‐flow, low‐gradient (LFLG) aortic stenosis (AS). Methods and Results A total of 481 consecutive patients (75±10 years; 71% men) with LFLG AS (aortic valve area ≤0.6 cm2/m2 and mean gradient <40 mm Hg), 72% with classic LFLG and 28% with paradoxical LFLG, were prospectively recruited in the multicenter TOPAS (True or Pseudo Severe Aortic Stenosis) study. True‐severe AS or pseudo‐severe AS was adjudicated by flow‐independent criteria. During follow‐up (median [IQR] 36 [11–60] months), 220 patients died. Using inverse probability of treatment weighting to address the bias of nonrandom treatment assignment, early AVR (n=272) was associated with a major overall survival benefit (hazard ratio [HR], 0.34 [95% CI, 0.24–0.50]; P<0.001). This benefit was observed in patients with true‐severe AS but also with pseudo‐severe AS (HR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.18–0.81]; P=0.01), and in classic (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.22–0.49]; P<0.001) and paradoxical LFLG AS (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.20–0.92]; P=0.03). Compared with conservative management in the conventional multivariate model, trans femoral TAVR was associated with the best survival (HR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.12–0.43]; P<0.001), followed by surgical AVR (HR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.23–0.56]; P<0.001) and alternative‐access TAVR (HR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.31–0.82]; P=0.007). In the inverse probability of treatment weighting model, trans femoral TAVR appeared to be superior to surgical AVR (HR [95% CI] 0.28 [0.11–0.72]; P=0.008) with regard to survival. Conclusions In this large prospective observational study of LFLG AS, early AVR appeared to confer a major survival benefit in both classic and paradoxical LFLG AS. This benefit seems to extend to the subgroup with pseudo‐severe AS. Our findings suggest that TAVR using femoral access might be the best strategy in these patients. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01835028.


And changeable damping force variable shock absorber damping force, a sprung mass damping control means for calculating the sprung mass damping control amount is suppressing damping force vibration in suspended, suppressing damping force vibration of unsprung and the unsprung vibration suppression control means for calculating the unsprung vibration suppression control amount is, and determines the running state determining means straight or turning, the damping force distribution factor for calculating the damping force distribution ratio of each wheel corresponding to the target posture calculation means, when it is determined that the straight by the running condition determination means, said variable damping force shock absorber on the basis of the control amount of the greater of said sprung mass damping control amount and the unsprung vibration suppression control amount of controlling the damping force, when it is determined that the turning by the traveling state judging means calculates the damping force control amount so as to maintain the damping force distribution ratio based on the unsprung vibration suppression control amount, the the calculated damping force control A damping force control means for controlling the damping force of the variable damping force shock absorber on the basis of the control amount of the greater of said sprung mass damping control amount and with a.


A renewal process which is a special type of a counting process, which counts the number of events that occur up to (and including) time  has been investigated, in order to provide some insight into the performance measures in renewal process and sequence such as, the mean time between successive renewals, ; Laplace-Stiltjes transform (LST) of the mean time, ;  the Laplace-Stieltjes transform (LST) of the mean time distribution function,  ;  Laplace-Stiltjes transform (LST) of  fold convolution of distribution function, ;  the time at which the  renewal occurs,  the average number of renewals per unit time over the interval (0, t],   and expected reward, . Our quest is to analyse the distribution function of the renewal process and sequence   using the concept of discrete time Markov chain to obtain the aforementioned performance measures. Some properties of the Erlang , exponential and geometric distributions are used with the help of some existing laws, theorems and formulas of Markov chain. We concluded our study through illustrative examples that, it is not possible for an infinite number of renewals to occur in a finite period of time; Also, the expected number of renewals increases linearly with time; and from the uniqueness property, we affirmed that, the Poisson process is the only renewal process with a linear mean-value  function; and lastly, we obtained the optimal replacement policy for a manufacturing machine which showed that, the exponential property of the lifetime


The small sample studies typical of psychological research produce seemingly contradictory results, and reliance on statistical significance tests causes study results to appear even more conflicting. Meta-analysis integrates the findings across such studies to reveal the simpler patterns of relations that underlie research literatures, thus providing a basis for theory development. Meta-analysis can correct for the distorting effects of sampling error, measurement error, and other artifacts that produce the illusion of conflicting findings. This chapter discusses these artifacts and the procedures used to correct for them. Different approaches to meta-analysis are discussed. Applications of meta-analysis in I/O psychology and other areas are discussed and evidence is presented that meta-analysis is transforming research in psychology. Meta-analysis has become almost ubiquitous. One indication of this is that, as of October 12, 2011, Google listed more than 9 million entries for meta-analysis.

Keywords:

meta-analysis;
research synthesis;
data analysis;
cumulative knowledge;
psychological theory


In this article, we study the existence of solutions for nonlocal variational elliptic inequality M(kuk 2 ) u f(x; u) Making use of the penalized method and Galerkin approximations, we estab- lish existence theorems for both cases when M is continuous and when M is discontinuous.


Abstract This article contributes to debates about the scope and influence of local agency in international state- and security-building interventions by investigating how domestic intermediary actors create and make use of their room for manoeuvre in intervention processes. The article empirically reconstructs a set of distinct domestic repertoires of action in intervention processes to highlight the different ways in which domestic actors 'manage' and 'push back' international donors. The article bases its argument on a qualitative study of domestic agency in two post-war political settings that have been exposed to multiple international state- and security-building interventions. It draws on problem-centred and expert interviews conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Côte d'Ivoire and Lebanon to make its case.


This paper explores a possible underlying tenet of classical information-feed pathways (feedback and feedforward) as seen in metabolism and signaling in biological systems. We intend to determine whether information-feed pathways derive from spatial and temporal overlap of event occurrences involving connection points of the information-feed loop. We shall revisit three known and established biological phenomena involving information-feed, in an attempt to deduce the principles governing such phenomena. We propose that such principles involve anticipatory associations.


EnglishThis special issue investigates how plural forms of law produce spatialities of life in society, and on different scales. Indeed the law contributes to social and political regulation. For this reason its ideal and material effects on space deserve attention. One of the challenges of the special issue is to show the multiplication and the diversification of the levels of production and execution of law. This introduction sets the context of the articles in the dossier and highlights their contribution to the consolidation of the geography of law, a field of research that is international (initiated in Anglo-Saxon countries but dynamic in France and Quebec for ten years) and interdisciplinary (as attested to in particular by the contributions of lawyers to this issue). francaisCe numero thematique entend questionner le role des formes plurielles du droit dans la production des spatialites de la vie en societe, et cela a differentes echelles. En effet, comme le droit contribue a la regulation sociale et politique, ses effets spatiaux aussi bien materiels qu'ideels meritent attention. L'un des enjeux du numero thematique est d'eclairer la multiplication et la diversification des niveaux de production et d'execution du droit. Cette introduction vise a situer les articles du present dossier en soulignant leur contribution a la consolidation de la geographie du droit, champ de recherche international (initie dans les pays anglo-saxons mais dynamique en France et au Quebec depuis une dizaine d'annees) et interdisciplinaire (comme l'attestent notamment les contributions de juristes au present numero).


Ultra-Low Field MRI (ULFMRI) by SQUID-detected direct magnetometry (1) is a novel approach with the potential to obviate many of the most important limitations of conventional imaging, such as the challenges of cost, safety, siting, portability and patient acceptance. Even if these practical advantages are realized, however, it is unlikely that the instruments will gain significant acceptance if they are unable to achieve clinical image quality comparable to the current generation of commercial devices. Here we present the results of our investigations into the signal properties of human in vivo images acquired at 170 μT (7.3 kHz) and higher fields. Methods Our prototype ULFMRI instrument is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It consists of a polarization coil that generates a field of up to 100 mT, a set of X, Y and Z gradients wound on approximately 1 meter square formers, a 25 cm induction excitation coil and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) coupled magnetically to the sample volume by a 23 mm diameter and 32 mm baseline second order superconducting gradiometer pickup coil. The entire instrument, including the low noise helium dewar and all supporting electronics, weighs approximately 340 kg. The 140 dB rejection efficiency of the pickup coil, and the low operating frequency, allow us to operate the system in an unshielded environment. In the ULFMRI experiments reported here, we studied the longitudinal and transverse relaxation times in the human forearm as follows. We used a 3D encoding scheme with 8 partitions and a readout duration of 56 ms. For T1 mapping at our imaging field we prepolarized the sample at 80 mT collecting images at a series of fixed delays, Td, of 0, 30, 60 and 90 msec removing the polarizing field was removed. We determined T1 by fitting the signal intensity (SI) to the function: SI = ke. We studied transverse decay rates by measuring the signal intensity in gradient echo and CPMG sequences (using a series of 12 pi pulses) as a function of TE. For comparison purposes we also measured T1 at our polarizing field of 80 mT by varying the polarization time from 100 to 600 ms and we studied T1, T2, T2* and T2d (defined as the apparent relaxation time using a Hahn echo experiment) at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. T1 was determined using FLASH images at varying flip angles, T2* by gradient echo scanning at varied TE, and T2 by CPMG methods. Results As shown in Fig. 2, at 170 μT the transverse and longitudinal relaxation times were strikingly similar for the lipid containing tissues in the forearm, whereas the dispersion increased rapidly as a function of field strength. Note that there was little or no difference between the gradient echo and CPMG transverse relaxation times at 170 μT. T1 approximately doubled for all tissues at 80 mT. Discussion It is known that T1 and T2 will converge as the product of the Larmor frequency and correlation time becomes small. Little attention has been paid to the contrast behavior of images in this regime, though several investigators have noted that the contrast of T1rho images is similar to that of T2 weighted scans. Our data lend support to these findings: Note for example that the T1 and T2 of muscle are shorter than that of fat. We note also that despite the very low measurement field there is considerable contrast between body tissues. As noted in a separate abstract (2) we believe that it is possible and practical to build a clinical ULFMRI system with signal to noise ratio and resolution comparable to high field instruments. The present data help to define ideal operating parameters for such an instrument by setting practical boundary conditions on readout bandwidth and requisite polarization times. In these tissues for example, near maximum signal will be obtained with a polarization time of 350 ms and a readout of about 150 ms. The fact that such short TR's may be used for spin density experiments implies an additional gain in SNR efficiency over conventional high field instruments. 1. R. McDermott et al., Journal of Low Temperature Physics 135, 793 (2004). 2. B.H Eom, et al., "An Ultra-Low Field imaging instrument and analysis of its SNR and scaling properties," these proceedings. Fig 1. Schematic of ULFMRI imager Fig 2. T1 and T2 +/sem as a function of tissue type and field strength. Sub Q Fat = Sub-cutaneous fat U np ub lis h D at a D n ot d is tr ib ut e


Evidence-based practice has been adopted by the healthcare sector as a framework to achieve safer, scientifically defensible and cost-effective clinical care. Consistent with this framework is an increasing expectation for healthcare professionals to be evidence-based in relation to assessment. Evidence-based assessment uses research to guide tool selection and integrates the assessment tool findings with health professional expertise and family preferences, within the context of available resources. Evidence-based assessment tools can provide objective information about a child's capabilities, strengths and difficulties, guide goal setting and interventions, and objectively evaluate outcomes and progress over time, thereby, potentially assisting families to anticipate future resources. Many assessment tools have been developed and evaluated psychometrically for use with children who have cerebral palsy. Routine use of evidence-based assessment tools can prevent and assist with the management of secondary musculoskeletal impairments and their sequelae for children with cerebral palsy.

Despite the availability, promotion and reported benefits of use of many assessment tools, the uptake of evidence-based assessment tools by paediatric therapists (occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech pathologists) in day-to-day practice has been slow. Outcomes from knowledge translation studies to embed use based on known barriers have been modest, suggesting further investigation is needed to understand why evidence-based assessment is not easily adopted in practice.

The aim of this thesis was to develop an in-depth understanding of what is needed for therapists to embed evidence-based assessment tools for children with cerebral palsy into their practice. The research to achieve this aim addressed objectives related to: 1) the published literature; 2) understanding therapists' assessment practices in different organisational contexts; and 3) the evidence-based assessment experiences of parents of children who have cerebral palsy.

Three empirical studies were completed. A systematic review investigating the extent and types of assessment tools being used by therapists for children with cerebral palsy was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in Study 1. A mixed-methods approach was taken in Study 2 to investigate therapists' assessment behaviours in two different Australianbased organisations. Findings from Study 2 suggested further investigation of the parent perspective would be helpful to fully understand therapists' behaviours. A scoping review of the published literature preceded a qualitative study using interpretive description to understand parents' experiences of evidence-based assessment for their child with cerebral palsy in Study 3.

The systematic review identified that only a few of the available evidence-based assessment tools were used often, and all focused on gross motor function. The mixed method approach utilised in Study 2 confirmed therapists' low overall use of evidence-based assessment tools, however, therapists' use varied across organisations. Therapists' assessment tool behaviours could be categorised on a continuum that ranged from I don't to We do. Factors related to the organisation, the assessment tool and collaboration with families were influential. The 'Cultural Cone for Evidence-based Assessment' framework was developed, representing the relationships among contextual influences and therapist use of evidence-based assessment. Investigation of the assessment interactions from parents' perspectives identified protection of child identity and self was central to parents' experience of assessment. The interpretive description—the 'Steering Wheel for Collaborative Assessment'—that emerged from the results suggests involving parents at the start rather than the end of an evidence-based assessment process is important.

This thesis explored evidence-based assessment practices through the lens of organisations, practitioners and parents. Findings suggest knowledge translation strategies that align evidence-based assessment with family-centred care and focus on how evidence-based assessment tools are used with families is needed. This proposed shift in practice may make it easier for therapists to embed evidence-based assessment tools within therapy practice.


The process responsible for the formation of genetically distinct populations associated with different host species is known as host‐associated differentiation (HAD). Many insect parasites of plants have been shown to exhibit HAD but there have been fewer studies of HAD in parasites of vertebrate animals. Previous to this study, HAD has been documented in at least three species of ticks. The American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) was chosen as the focal species for this study due to its importance as the vector of tularemia and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Previous population genetic studies of this tick found the existence of various haplotypes but the tick's host origins were unknown. In this study, ticks were collected from 15 vertebrate host species to test for HAD using single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs). In total, 136 individual D. variabilis ticks were sequenced using ddRADseq. Genomic evidence was found to point to D. variabilis exhibiting HAD on eight different hosts. A STRUCTURE analysis showed that the highest posterior probability was obtained with a population size of eight and these populations correlated with host species. Pairwise FST values were as high as 0.622 and indicated a range of genetic distinction between host groups. In addition, ticks collected from the vegetation appeared as one homogenous distinct genotype suggesting the existence of nidicolous (nest dwelling) and non‐nidicolous genotypes. The identification of host race formation occurring in this animal parasite has implications for the understanding of D. variabilis pathogen transmission and targeted control efforts because genetically distinct populations can differ in traits relevant to these applications.


The most of research papers, developed about this topic in Latin America, have been attributed to students, their reading and writing problems that are considered socio cultural factors and cognitive, factors this way the research works which have tried to understand this phenomenon since what happens in University classes. In this article some investigation results are presented, whose main aim was to characterize reading and writing practices in four professional subjects of language and speech pathology syllabus in a public university. This qualitative study was carried out through direct observation, video films in classes,interviews with the teachers and selected subject syllabuses. Among the results, it has been found that the teachers promote several reading and writing practices with different purposes, such as helping the learning and making evaluation as professional contents as reading and writing process. Also, it shows that teachers give to their students some supports for developing Reading and writing tasks assigned, although there is a gap between their purposes in signature program and their answers in the interview, it reflects that teachers do not necessarily help their students intentionally.The reflection about this investigation resultas would permit to the academic programs of language and speech pathology, and the group in general to resize the relationship among learning, reading and writing in the university field.


A novel fiber-based scheme for generating quadrature entanglement between a desired pair of frequency bands is proposed. The scheme is based on a nonlinear fiber, a spectral pulse shaper, and an adaptive feedback loop.


Disclosed is a method for activating the functions of an electrical apparatus (1), preferably a car radio. A test routine memorized in a storage area (5) allocated to the apparatus is processed by a control device (10) of the electrical apparatus (1). At least one function of the electrical apparatus (1) is activated by the control device (10) on the basis of control commands previously stored in the test routine. Information on the recently activated function is shown on a display device (15, 20, 25) of the electrical apparatus (1).


Purpose Reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality through early detection would improve efficacy if targeted. A CRC risk-prediction model incorporating personal, family, genetic and environmental risk factors could enhance prediction. Methods We developed risk-prediction models using population-based CRC cases (N=4,445) and controls (N=3,967) recruited by the Colon Cancer Family Registry Cohort (CCFRC). A familial risk profile (FRP) was calculated to summarize individuals' risk based on their CRC family history, family structure, germline mutation probability in major susceptibility genes, and a polygenic component. Using logistic regression, we developed risk models including individuals' FRP or a binary CRC family-history (FH), and risk factors collected at recruitment. Model validation used follow-up data for population-(N=12,052) and clinic-based (N=5,584) relatives with no cancer history at recruitment, assessing calibration (E/O) and discrimination (AUC). Results The E/O (95% confidence interval [CI]) for FRP models for population-based relatives were 1.04 (0.74-1.45) and 0.86 (0.64-1.20) for men and women, and for clinic-based relatives 1.15 (0.87-1.58) and 1.04 (0.76-1.45). The age-adjusted AUC (95% CI) for FRP models in population-based relatives were 0.69 (0.60-0.78) and 0.70 (0.62-0.77), and for clinic-based relatives 0.77 (0.69-0.84) and 0.68 (0.60-0.76). The incremental values of AUC (95% CI) for FRP over FH models for population-based relatives were 0.08 (0.01-0.15) and 0.10 (0.04-0.16), and for clinic-based relatives 0.11 (0.05-0.17) and 0.11 (0.06-0.17). Conclusion The FRP-based model and FH-based model calibrate well in both settings. The FRP-based model provided better risk-prediction and discrimination than the FH-based model. A detailed family history may be useful for targeted risk-based screening and clinical management.


In general, regional integration takes the form of political economy initiatives focused on commercial interests to achieve broader socio-political and security goals. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional organization in Southeast Asia. After the end of the Cold War, ASEAN underwent changes, especially in terms of norms, governance, and collective identity. This article aims to explain the institutional reform and transformation of ASEAN's identity as a regional organization after the end of Cold War era. Using Alexander Wendt's concept of Collective Identity, this article argues that the 1997-1998 crisis and political dynamics in Southeast Asia unraveled the weaknesses of ASEAN's traditional principles as a regional organization. This led to skepticism towards the credibility and function of ASEAN. In order to restore its image and credibility, ASEAN conducted institutional reform in some stages. The institutional reform started with conceptualizing shared ideas through the establishment of the ASEAN Community, which was then institutionalized in a set of norms through the ASEAN Charter. These institutional reforms gave birth to a common set of ideas and norms for the member states. These shared ideas and norms indicate the transformation of ASEAN's collective identity as a regional organization that is more in line with universal norms such as human rights, democracy, and good governance.


A novel intelligent hybrid(IH) model for short-term traffic volume forecasting was presented. The IH model had three sub-models:kalman filter(KF) model,artificial neural network(ANN) model and fuzzy combination(FC) model.By means of the good static linear stabilization character of the kalman filter method,the KF model forecasted the traffic volume by the linear iteration method.Otherwise, the ANN model can estimate the dynamic traffic volume in a very precise and satisfactory sense due to the strong dynamic nonlinear mapping ability of artificial neural network.The FC model mixed the two individual forecast results by fuzzy logic and its output was regarded as the final forecasting of the traffic volume.Practical application results show that the IH model,which takes advantage of the unique strength of the KF model and the ANN model,can produce more precise forecasting than that of two individual models.Thus,this IH model can be an efficient method to the short-term traffic volume forecasting.


Objective To study the orientational projections of sensory fibres of ulnar nerves to the substantia gelationsa (SG) of the spinal cord in rats.Methods The models with transganglionic degenertion were established and then observed by using acid phospatase technique.Results It was found that the sensory fibres of the ulnar nerves in rats were chiefly projected to SG from the middle part of C 6 to the middle part of T 1 in the spinal cord longitudinally and as to their tramverse projections the fibres were found within the middline of SG,and mainly in the region of the lateral 1/2-3/4 at medial half.Couclusion Ulnar nerves project to the medial and radial nerves to the lateral region of SG.


Ecological restoration often depends on substantial funding to be initiated and sustained. So far, the dominant strategies to fund it have been philanthropic altruism or regulatory compulsion. Both make important contributions, but the commercial sector is a further source that has thus far not played a significant role relative to its potential. Just as philanthropic and regulatory strategies are both modulated by the law, so too law shapes the commercial sector's participation in ecological restoration. Corporate law and its market context are particularly significant, and they are both a potential hindrance and opportunity. Some options for law reform are available to improve the contribution of the business sector to restoration.


A general stereoselective method for the synthesis of CIS: ANTI: CIS polycyclic ethers containing six-,seven-, and eight-membered rings from a simple precursor has beenreported. The methodology involves oxonium ion mediated intramolecularcyclization, carbon-carbon bond formation and ring-closingmetathesis as key features.


One possible explanation for land idling in a rapidly transforming economy can be found by looking at the value of the option to wait and hysteresis behaviour in the land market. If investors assume that the drop is temporary and that its long term prospects outweigh current holding losses, the market will observe some form of a zone of inactivity i.e., no selling and no additional buying. The fact that landowners elect to keep their valuable land underdeveloped for prolonged periods of time suggests that idled land is more flexible and valuable than what the current market price suggests. If the revenue from farming is insufficient to sustain the activity, land is left idle; although this operational decision is open to continuous revision. The numerical example shown in the paper shows that price of land can be substantially bolstered by the option to wait embedded in land.


Since 1985, over 1500 bridges in the State of Ohio have been replaced or rehabilitated as part of the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Bridge Replacement/Rehabilitation Program. Approximately one-third of these bridges involved rehabilitation. Plans for the projects are prepared by approximately 100 consulting engineering firms. The State selects the bridges and the consulting engineering firms, and decides on the scope of work for each bridge. Because of the accelerated nature of this program, Burgess & Niple, Limited, a consulting engineering firm, was retained to assist ODOT in reviewing preliminary and final design plans for these projects. This paper outlines some of the practices implemented by the State of Ohio on these projects and describes other considerations involved in the rehabilitation of short and medium span highway bridges.


This paper presents new results on joint linear transceiver design under the minimum total mean-square error (MSE) criterion, with channel mean as well as both transmit and receive correlation information at both ends of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) link. The joint design is formulated into an optimization problem. The optimum closed-form precoder and decoder are derived. Compared to the case with perfect channel state information (CSI), linear filters are added at both ends to balance the suppression of channel noise and the noise from imperfect channel estimation. The impact of channel estimation error as well as channel correlation on system performance is assessed, based on analytical and simulation results.


The current British policy toward higher education emphasizes that market forces and competition represent key factors in raising quality. Intense competition already exists in research through the Research Excellence Framework (REF) but this, it is argued, has led to a diversion of interest away from teaching. The REF is therefore to be paralleled by a Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF), which will better inform the student market. The TEF, the first results of which were announced in June, is metrics based and categorizes teaching as qualifying for a Gold, Silver, or Bronze award. The metrics have been heavily criticized. The article describes the metrics involved and the reactions to the first round of TEF awards.


Southeast Asia with its historical concentration of ethnic Chinese remains an important economic hub encouraging cross-disciplinary inquiries on themes relating to businesses. In industrialising Malaysia, there is little research on their capacity to develop tacit knowledge of the founding generation mostly inherited from China, before starting a business in Malaysia. This assessment of four thriving Malaysian Chinese family SMEs in food production evaluates how a new generational change has innovated their traditional food products. Interestingly, tradition may enable these Malaysian Chinese firms to innovate by building on more reliable knowledge and resources, extensively validated over time, and hence reduce development and utilisation costs. The well-trained second and third generations have been innovating tacit knowledge to elicit strong and positive feelings of 'Chinese' identity, increasing the value of new products through R&D by embedding past knowledge and facilitating the legitimacy of innovative functionalities and obtaining market acceptance.


Introduction Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and low and middle-income countries (LMICs) carry over 80% of this disease burden. Attempts have been made to address depression in LMICs, with improvements in the home environment and maternal knowledge. However paternal depression is a neglected and under-researched area. Since maternal depression is associated with depression in fathers there is a need for partner inclusive parenting programs to address parental mental health and improve child outcomes. Objectives To evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of partner inclusive Learning through play plus (LTP+) intervention in reducing depression in fathers and mothers. To evaluate the effectiveness of LTP + intervention in improving child outcomes. To conduct process evaluation and identify challenges in transition to scale up of the intervention across Karachi, Pakistan from the perspective of fathers, mothers, and other stakeholders. Methods This is a cluster randomised controlled (cRCT) trial of partner inclusive group parenting program called (Learning Through Play (LTP+) across 18 towns in the city of Karachi. Over 5000 parents (fathers and partners) will participate in the study with a capacity building component of training 4000 Community Health Workers across Pakistan. Results This large cRCT will confirm the clinical and cost-effectiveness of LTP+ in reducing depression in parents and improving child outcomes along with the barriers and facilitators to implement the LTP+ group parenting program and the possibilities to roll out the innovation at national level through engagement with policy makers. Conclusions Addressing depression in parents is hugely important because of its adverse effects both for child and parents. This low-cost group parenting program will help in scaling up the innovation across health services in Pakistan and other LMICs. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The issue of Terrorism concerns countries the world over. In response to it many states have incorporated harsh legislations that violate due process norms to tackle its menace. The detention of people in the United Kingdom, the terrorist laws in Spain and of course the measures of the United States are examples where developed legal systems are compromising civil liberties and rights in interests of national security. There seems to be an unequivocal settlement that national interests are of primary importance and the concern for human rights takes the back seat. This paper is an attempt to put forth the Indian position on this issue that has been clearly set by the ruling of the Supreme Court in Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, 1994 (4) SCC 569. The researcher would like to present a critique of this case and address some of the major issues that have arisen out of it.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Abstract: Knee braces and patellar straps are frequently prescribed devices for treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. In this report, we describe the occurrence of localized deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after use of an infrapatellar strap. Until now, external mechanical compression has not been recognized as a cause of DVT. In young and athletic patients presenting with DVT, after exclusion of the most prominent risk factors, untraditional causes should be considered to mistakenly label a DVT as unprovoked.


The review and analysis of the Victorian Transport Plan (VTP) recently introduced by the Melbourne government is discussed. The importance of a pipeline approach as well as a sequence of some eight stages that it entails is highlighted.


The different propagation times due to the distinct distance between the BSs and MSs result in intercell asynchronous interference,which severely destroy system performance. How to mitigate inter-cell asynchronous interference by making use of SLNR (Signal to Leakage Noise Ratio) precoding is the key to this paper. A framework of Co-BS (Cooperative Base Station Systems) was developed and the delay between the cells was analyzed. A delay-tolerance SLNR precoding was brought forward in LTE (Long Term Evolution) system to suppress inter-cell asynchronous interference. And this method can also reduce the complication of terminal. The numerical delay-tolerance SLNR precoding simulation results are presented based on cooperative base station LTE systems,the conclusions show that it can mitigate inter-cell asynchronous interference. And the method can reach a good performance under different antenna configuration compared with receive algorithm. The performance is affected by channel estimation error,but it can still be accepted.


: In Indonesia, cattle feces (CF) and water hyacinth (WH) plants are abundant but have not been widely revealed. The use of microorganisms as decomposers in the fermentation process has not been widely applied, so researchers are interested in studying further. This study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of CF with WH on composting by applying white-rot fungal (WRF) ( Ganoderma sp ) microorganism as a decomposer. A number of six types of treatment compared to R 1 (ratio of CF:WH)(25%:75%)+WRF; R 2 (ratio of CF:WH)(50%:50%)+WRF; R 3 (ratio of CF:WH)(75%:25%)+WRF; R 4 (ratio of CF:WH)(25%:75%) without WRF; R 5 (ratio of CF:WH)(50%:50%) without WRF; R 6 (ratio of CF:WH)(25%:75%) without WRF. The results showed that the use of WRF decomposers and organic matter (CF and WH) at different ratios affected the properties of compost such as pH value, C-organic, N-organic, C/N ratio, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O compounds. The WRF decomposer significantly decreases to the pH value, and the C/N ratio, but increases the value of C-organic, N-organic, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O. The properties of the compost produced are in accordance with the standards set by the Indonesian National Standard (INS) and the regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. The WRF was needed to consider as a decomposer in producing compost. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the R1(CF: WH)(25%:75%)+WRF) treatment was the best ratio combination to produce compost using WRF ( Ganoderma sp ) as a decomposer with the best properties.


Abstract Data on the occurrence, biology, and historical background of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., (Pisces, Salmoniformes) in the Elbe river basin (Europe, North Sea drainage area) with a focus on Bohemian territory (Central Europe) from the fourteenth to twentieth centuries are summarized in this paper. Historical methods of salmon fishing in Central Europe and historical legal protection of salmon in Bohemia are presented. The salmon is a model example of species which was extirpated as a result of anthropogenic changes in the landscape and rivers in some water systems. The human activities, such as stream bed regulation, dam system construction, other migration barriers, water pollution, fisheries exploitation, that led to the extirpation of Atlantic salmon in the Elbe river basin (are discussed. The last sporadic migrating native salmon were registered in the Bohemian section of the Elbe river basin in the mid twentieth century.


The UK General Medical Council will fund new research into the prevalence and causes of errors in prescribing in the NHS—after media reports blamed the poor teaching of therapeutics to medical students for an apparent rise in safety incidents caused by poor prescribing.

The GMC, which regulates doctors in the United Kingdom and sets the undergraduate curriculum in medical schools, says that no evidence supports recent claims that trainee doctors are insufficiently prepared for prescribing when they reach the wards or that they are …


The New Towns were designed to avoid mainly working class housing and aimed to bring the social classes together in 'balanced' towns and to achieve actual social mixing at neighbourhood level. In the controversy about changes in social stratification, in particular the so called embourgeoisement of the working class, the New Towns have been held up as models in which this process is at work. This paper examines the occupational class structures of New Towns, in particular Crawley New Town, in the light of such policies. A considerable degree of class balance has been achieved in the town as a whole but neighbourhoods have begun to take on distinctive class characteristics. However, the evidence as a whole does not justify the indiscriminate use of New Towns as 'models' for changes in the class structure. Finally, changes in policy in the New Towns are discussed in terms of the theory that British town planning is characterised by an 'adaptive mechanism' which facilitates such changes.


Frequency estimator of monotone complex sinusoid is a fundamental problem in signal processing. One of the approaches is to directly estimate the frequency from interpolation of the discrete Fourier transform coefficients. These direct approaches try to find a first-order approximation to the frequency and the remaining higher-order terms lead to estimation bias. In this paper, instead of considering the higher-order term as the source of error, we propose to use the higher-order terms to our advantage by solving the higher-order polynomial equation. We derive the conditions to obtain two third-order polynomial equations and the optimal conditions to apply the two equations. Experiments show that the new estimators can reduce the estimation bias by seven orders at large frequency offset.


Drepanostachyum falcatum var. sengteeanum Stapleton, a variety of bamboo thought to have originated from the Himalayas and cultivated in the west for over a century is discussed. The application and the typification of the name under which it was once grown, Arundinaria falcata var. glomerata Gamble, are considered, along with the application of the name Arundinaria falcata Nees. Arundinaria falcata var. glomerata is lectotypified in accordance with the protologue and current use of the name in India, placing it in synonymy of Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f., for which an epitype is designated to support its own incomplete lectotype. RESUMEN Se discute Drepanostachyum falcatum var. sengteeanum Stapleton, una variedad de bambu que se piensa que se origino en el Himalaya y se ha cultivado en el oeste durante mas de un siglo. Se consideran la aplicacion y la tipificacion del nombre bajo el que fue cultivado, Arundinaria falcata var. glomerata Gamble, junto con la aplicacion del nombre Arundinaria falcata Nees. Se tipifica Arundinaria falcata var. glomerata de acuerdo con el protologo y el uso actual del nombre en la India, colocandolo en la sinonimia de Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f., para el que se designa un epitipo para apoyar su lectotipo incompleto. A bamboo with a prominent and distinctive ring of hairs around the culm sheath base and on the young culm nodes was in cultivation at Kew around 1900, without any record of its provenance. It was misidentified (Bean 1907) as Arundinaria falcata Nees var. glomerata Gamble, a little-known variety from Uttar Pradesh in the NW Indian Himalaya, described on the basis of a very dubious floral characteristic. Arundinaria falcata is curently placed in the genus Drepanostachyum Keng f. A bamboo with very similar characteristics started to flower in California in 1994, and its seed has been widely distributed, under different names. Although initially identified as Himalayacalamus falconeri, this graceful Californian bamboo was later distributed as Drepanostachyum glomeratum Hort., based on D. falcatum var. glomeratum, and then as Drepanostachyum sengteeanum Hort. It is proving somewhat hardier than all other bamboos in the genus Drepanostachyum, and is thus of considerable horticultural merit. It has recently been described as D. falcatum var. sengteeanum (Stapleton 2006), but a detailed nomenclatural treatment is required for the application of names, D. falcatum and D. falcatum var. glomeratum, to both wild and cultivated plants.


Aiming at how to realize the recognition of the container number on the container surface at the entrance and exit of the port, a method based on image affine transformation and SVM classifier is proposed. The main process includes truck target detection, box number area detection, text correction stage, image preprocessing stage and segmentation detection and recognition stage. Firstly, a kind of container truck detection program based on frame difference method and decreasing sequence of connected domain is proposed; secondly, a method of container number area detection based on SSD_MobileNet is proposed; in the case number recognition stage, a text correction method based on image affine transformation is proposed, and different processing methods are proposed for vertical sequence box number and horizontal sequence box number in image preprocessing stage In the stage of segmentation detection and recognition, a character segmentation algorithm based on connected domain segmentation and a segmentation detection and recognition algorithm based on SVM classifier are proposed. Through the detection and recognition of container images in the field monitoring video, the accuracy rate of regional detection can reach 97%, and the accuracy rate of character recognition can reach 95%, and it can achieve good real-time performance.


The over-complete dictionary of atoms is very important to the signal sparse decomposition results,and it is also the main reason for the high computational complexity in sparse decomposition.To reduce this high computational complexity,a new method is proposed to deal with the over-complete dictionary based on the signal set partitioning method.With the equalvalent relationship,the over-complete dictionary can be partitioned into sub-dictionaries,the intersections of which are null.Each sub-dictionary can then be represented by only one selected corresponding atom.By partitioning the over-complete dictionary,the computational complexity in signal sparse decomposition can be degraded a lot,while the decomposition results are kept unchanged.Finally the experimental results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.


Central exclusive production refers to the process pp → p+X+p, where + denotes a gap in rapidity between outcoming protons and X (Figure 1.) [1], [2]. Here, central refers to a rapidity gap which emerges as the produced state decays as a separate system , exclusive to the property that the protons stay intact, and production to X 's production. The produced X continues to decay, usually through short-living bound states called resonances. Such central exclusive production takes place in parameter range of high p s (center of mass energy) and low q2 (four-momentum transfer squared). Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (lQCD) and sum rules predict the production of a glueball –a bound state made up of gluons and quark-antiquark pairs –with mass in range ∼ 1000−1700 MeV [3]. As of now, such a region is solely described by phenomenological models, especially Regge theory. In its context the production is modelled as protons exchanging two quantum states known as Reggeons in the t-channel. When p s >> t production is dominated by the exchange of two Pomerons, a quantum state with vacuum quantum numbers C and P and J equal to 0 or 2. Regge picture's Pomerons correspond to the parton cloud surrounding protons.


Developments and constructions on soft ground pose great challenges in the field of geotechnical engineering. Although soft ground is no longer considered a new concern in developments and constructions; there are many issues that may crop up repeatedly if proper planning, analysis, design, construction control and supervision are not implemented. This paper presents the common challenges faced on soft ground and aims to provide some insights on good design and construction practices. The suggestions provided in this paper are collection of experience gained from various projects.


Work package WP 5.2 "Combination of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) and adjusted conventional treatment processes for an Integrated Water Resources Management" within the European Project TECHNEAU ("Technology enabled universal access to safe water") investigates bank filtration (BF) + post-treatment as a MAR technique to provide sustainable and safe drinking water supply to developing and newly industrialised countries. This report aims at assessing the possible post-treatment options for three investigated field sites in Delhi (India). Field investigations and analysis of source water and bank filtrate yielded data for resulting raw water quality, which was then taken to identify a potential post-treatment scheme for each site. First, a catalogue of conventional drinking water treatment techniques, that are commonly used in combination with riverbank filtration, was established. These techniques comprise aeration & filtration (for iron and manganese removal), neutralization, oxidation processes (e.g. ozonation), activated carbon and disinfection (usually via chlorination). In a second step a possible scheme was proposed for each of the three field sites: a) Palla well field: addition of activated alumina filters for flouride removal, b) Nizamuddin Field Site: extensive conventional waste-water posttreatment (biological treatment for nitrification and denitrification combined with activated carbon or membrane filtration, biofiltration with aeration e.g. BIOSTYR®). An alternative would be the OBM (oxidation, biofiltration, membrane filtration) process developed during the TECHNEAU project. c) Najarfgarh Field Site: reverse osmosis (RO) to handle high salinity.


1Extension Forage Agronomist, Crop and Soil Sciences Department 2Extension Animal Scientist, Animal and Dairy Sciences Department 3Extension Livestock Economist, Agricultural and Applied Economics Department A severe and sustained drought is stressful to the grazing herd, forage crops, and herd manager. A manager can use certain tactics within his management strategy, however, to minimize the short-term effects of mild drought. All too often, however, decisions made to limit short-term effects do not take into consideration the long-term consequences of those decisions when the drought lasts for several weeks or months.


Two dioxotetraza macrocycles 9,12,16,19-tetraazatricyclo[19.4.0.02,7]pentacosa-1(21),2,4,6,22,24-hexaene-8,20-dione(L1) and 9,13,16,20-tetraazatricyclo[20.4.0.02,7]hexacosa-1(22),2,4,6,23,25-hexaene-8,21-dione (L2) and two bis(dioxotetraaza) macrocycles 7,10,14,17,25,28,32,35-octaazatetracyclo[17.17.2.05,37.023,38]octatriaconta-1,3,5(37),19,21,23(38)-hexaene-6,18,24,36-tetrone (L3) and 7,11,14,18,26,30,33,37-octaazatetracyclo[18.18.2.05,39.024,40]tetraconta-1,3,5(39),20,22,24(40)-hexaene-6,19,25,38-tetrone (L4) were prepared. Their protonation constants and the overall complexation constants of their copper(II) complexes were determined by potentiometry at 25 °C (I = 1, KNO3). In aqueous solution, the complexation sequence was elucidated for each ligand by means of UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy. According to the ligand structure, two complexation mechanisms can be characterized. For ligand L1, a neutral complex [CuL1H–2] is readily obtained in one step at pH ≈ 5, and it is the sole species above pH 7. Its structure was confirmed by X-ray analysis. For ligands L2 and L4, the neutral complexes [CuL2H–2] and [Cu2L4H–4] were formed by successive deprotonation of [CuL2]2+ and [Cu2L4]4+, respectively.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)


INTRODUCTION: Increasing access to surgical care is crucial in improving the general health status of a population. Despite studies indicating the cross-country differences of general health indicators, there is a scarcity of knowledge focusing on the cross-country differences of surgical indicators. This study aims to classify countries according to surgical care indicators and identify risk predictors of catastrophic surgical care expenditures. METHODS: For this study, data were used from the World Health Organization and the World Bank on 177 countries. The following variable groups were chosen: total density of medical imaging technologies, surgical workforce distribution, number of surgical procedures, and risk of catastrophic surgical care expenditures. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to classify countries according to the surgical indicators. The optimal number of clusters was determined with a within-cluster sum of squares and a scree plot. A Silhouette index was used to examine clustering performance, and a random forest decision tree approach was used to determine risk predictors of catastrophic surgical care expenditures. RESULTS: The surgical care indicator results delineated the countries into four groups according to each country's income level. The cluster plot indicated that most high-income countries (for example, United States, United Kingdom, Norway) are in the first cluster. The second cluster consisted of four countries: Japan, San Marino, Marshall Islands, and Monaco. Low-income countries (for example, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya) and middle-income countries (for example, Brazil, Turkey, Hungary) are represented in the third and fourth clusters, respectively. The third cluster had a high Silhouette index value (.75). The densities of both surgeons and medical imaging technology were risk determiners of catastrophic surgical care expenditures (Area Under Curve = .82). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a need for more effective health plans if the differences between countries surgical care indicators are to be overcome. We recommend that health policymakers reconsider distribution strategies for the surgical workforce and medical imaging technology in the interest of accessibility and equality.


l‐Arginine transport by the fetal side of human placenta was investigated through the characterization of l‐[3H]arginine uptake in isolated perfused cotyledon. Competitive inhibition experiments suggest the presence of at least two transport systems: a Na+‐independent, pH‐insensitive system inhibitable by cationic amino acids, similar to system y+, and a Na+‐dependent system which recognizes both cationic and neutral amino acids only in the presence of Na+, i.e. a Bo,+‐like system. The kinetic analysis of l‐arginine uptake in the presence of Na+ revealed that the process is mediated by saturable components: a high‐affinity system (Km= 167 ± 18.0 μM; Vmax= 0.174 ± 0.012 μmol min−1) and a low‐affinity carrier (Km= 980 ± 112 μM; Vmax= 1.60 ± 0.12 μmol min−1). In the absence of Na+, l‐arginine uptake was fitted by one model with a Michaelis‐Menten constant of 200 ± 24.8 μM. These results suggest that the high‐affinity component corresponds to the Na+‐independent system y+, whilst the low‐affinity system may represent the activity of the Na+‐dependent Bo,+ transporter. Kinetic studies in placentae taken from aspirin‐treated pregnancies showed that l‐arginine is transported with a significantly higher affinity (Km= 42.5 ± 5.7 μM), but with a lower capacity (Vmax= 0.064 ± 0.003 μmol min−1) than in the non‐treated group. The latter finding suggests that aspirin would facilitate the uptake of the NO precursor only at very low arginine concentrations.


Contextual zoning emerged in New York City (NYC) during the 1980s, and by the time Mayor Michael Bloomberg left office in 2013, over forty percent of the city's tax lots were contextually zoned. While contextual zoning was first introduced to promote new development, certain land use experts criticize that contextual zoning converted into a euphemism for "downzoning,�? with harmful implications for NYC's ability to grow in the face of the city's housing crisis. In this Note, we find that in many instances, contextual zoning did transform into a "shrink-wrapping�? tool under the Bloomberg administration, and we argue that in an environment of exploding population density and severe affordability pressures, no community should be entitled to keep its neighborhood completely unchanged or underbuilt.


The article analyzes the concept of responsibility and commitment to family. We consider the relevance of the formation of responsible attitudes by teenagers to family. A brief description of the components, criteria and indicators of responsible attitude, as well as levels of its formation. This article describes the pedagogical means to enhance the responsible attitude of adolescents to family, such as the elective course, "Diary of a relationship, " electronic textbook "Parents and children, " website.


In this paper, we propose a low complexity MU(multi-user)-MIMO precoder and show its ASIP (application specific instruction-set processor) implementation result. To realize DL(downlink)-MU-MIMO transmission, the MU-MIMO precoder is required in AP (access point) side for canceling an IUI (inter-user interference). However, a conventional IBD (iterative block diagonalization) precoder has a high computational complexity problem. Therefore, we propose a LC(low complexity)-IBD precoder whose complexity is reduced by using null vectors from CSI (channel state information) decompression process. The implementation result shows that our precoder can reduce computational complexity and latency.


Congenital Rubella Syndrome: A Case Report Rubella is a viral infection which cause chronic intrauterine infection and damage to the fetus. Congenital rubella syndrome is rare in the developed countries, however it is still a a major health problem in developing and under-developed countries. In this paper, we aimed to emphases a rarely case


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for injecting one or more treatment fluids into the wellbore in a wellbore or a casing in a wellbore.


We propose crosstalk-aware spectrum allocation with crosstalk-prohibited frequency slot to suppress the crosstalk occurring in the multi-core fiber environment with lower processing complexity and demonstrate the effectiveness of the path loss rate.


A mixed potential sensor using Au and Pt dense wire electrodes embedded between tape-casted layers of 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was tested for application toward NH 3 , NO, NO 2 , C 3 H 6 and C 3 H 8 . In single-gas testing, the sensor exhibited the highest response toward NH 3 , while still exhibiting reasonably high sensitivity toward other interferent gases. The sensor was tested in a high-flow reactor at the National Transportation Research Center (NTRC) in order to simulate exhaust gas constituents and flow rates produced by lean-burn vehicles powered by Compression-Ignition Direct-Injection (CIDI), diesel engines. The sensor was characterized at 525 and 625 ◦ C for NH 3 , CO, C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , and NOx in a base gas composition of 10% O 2 , 5% H 2 O, and 5% CO 2 flowing at 15 slpm. The sensor exhibited fast response time equal to the response time of the system's switching valve (T 90 < 0.6s). Moreover, in simulations of overdosing a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, the sensor was able to selectively respond to 20ppm injections of NH 3 slip despite the presence of the interferent gas species at combined concentrations ten times higher than that of the NH 3 . The laboratory sensor construct was transitioned to a pre-commercial, automotive stick sensor configuration that was demonstrated to retain the advantageous characteristics of the tape-cast device.


Abstract Stomach contents were obtained from 165 individuals of Lapemis curtus. Food was present in 90% of the stomachs, but only on 59 occasions prey could be identified to family level. Five fish families constituted the diet of L. curtus of which, Clupeidae and Cynoglossidae dominate. There was no significant difference in the proportion of the fish families represented in the diet with the size or sex of the snakes. There was variation in this proportion with the time of the day. The proportion of Cynoglossidae in the diet showed marked difference with time of the day. The study found no geographic variation in the feeding ecology of L. curtus in this region when compared to similar studies elsewhere. This species is a generalist in its feeding habits since it feeds on fish that inhabit different depths in the water column. These results suggest that L. curtus may be an ambush forager. During the trawls, the fish families that constituted 95% of the sea snakes diet were also being harvested.


Past research indicates that apparel influences our behavior and our impressions of others. One type of apparel that is both salient and symbolically significant is the uniform. Few studies, however, have examined the influence of uniforms on behavior, especially with female authority figures. In this study a female confederate who was dressed in a uniform, professional attire, or sloppy clothing told subjects to give change to a person who was parked at an expired parking meter (Bickman, 1974). The results showed that compliance was higher when the confederate was dressed in a uniform. Verbal reasons given for complying also differed across conditions. The study shows that a uniform is a certificate of legitimacy (Joseph & Alex, 1972)for females as well as males and that both sexes are influenced by a female dressed in a uniform.


We prove the existence and uniqueness of unknown nonlinear terms in some overspecified boundary value problems related to autonomous second-order differential equations when the range of the "state function" u is a priori unknown.


This article advances a theoretical and political critique of the protectionist opposition of Canada's labour movement to the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States. North American free trade is examined in the context of the global trend towards regional trade blocs. The author suggests that nationalist politics have seriously divided English-speaking and Quebec workers in Canada, and makes the case for an alternative politics of working class internationalism.


Secondment can be a major turning point in a librarian′s career development and a cost‐effective method of management training. It is essential that a secondment can be properly planned by the host organization and the home library. The author′s experience on a secondment as a liaison officer with the Library Association team at IFLA 1987 is described, and the effect it had on career progression noted.


Far UV spectra of O and B stars in Orion photographed from Aerobee rocket, describing wavelength measurements and line identifications


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of sales growth, profitability, and leverage on earnings management by using companies in coal mining sector registered on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2017 to 2020. This research uses purposive sampling methods with predetermined criteria. The samples used in this study are 20 companies with a total sample of 80 data. This study is analysed using panel data regression in Eviews 10. The results demonstrate that sales growth and leverage partially have a significant effect on earnings management, while profitability has no significant effect on earnings management. Furthermore, sales growth, profitability and leverage simultaneously and significantly affect earnings management.


A system and method for automatically controlling the working edge of the heavy equipment on the vehicle. GNSS / INS system determines the position of the vehicle. Calculating the working edge vision system to obtain a fixed image having a field of view of the camera distance information about each pixel in the fixed field of view to obtain the target is connected to the working edge by using the vision system coordinate system position. The position is then transformed into the coordinate system of the navigation system. Transformed location information used by the control system disposed working edge of the working edge.


Ceftriaxone is a β-lactam antibiotic with extensive protein binding (85% to 95%).1,2 Low albumin levels commonly found in critically ill patients may increase the ceftriaxone unbound fraction and affect pharmacodynamic target attainment.2–4 We assessed the effect of unbound ceftriaxone plasma concentrations on the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets in a critically ill patient requiring continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) and present a new ceftriaxone dosing recommendation. A 76-year-old female patient (body mass index 28 kg/m2) was admitted to our intensive care unit with Gram-negative septic shock due to E coli. Her APACHE IV score at admission was 121, indicating a mortality risk of 81%. Serum albumin concentration was 10 g/L (normal 5-50 g/L), and hematocrit was 0.21 (normal 0.35-0.45). She received intravenous ceftriaxone at the standard dose of 2000 mg once daily and developed renal failure (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 3) requiring CVVH at day 11. CVVHwas conducted using the AN69ST hemofilter with a surface area of 1 m2 following the regional citrate anticoagulation CVVH protocol.5 Blood flow and ultrafiltrate rates were set at 180 and 0 mL/min, respectively. Prismocitrate 18/0 at 1440 mL/h and Phoxilium at 1600 mL/h were infused as prefilter and postfilter dilutions, respectively, with an effluent flow rate of 3040 mL/h. Ceftriaxone, plasma, prefilter, postfilter, ultrafiltrate, and urine samples were collected over 40 hours at 8 different time points. Total and unbound concentrations of ceftriaxone were measured using validated liquid chromatography–tandemmass spectrometry and calculating the sieving coefficient (SC).6 A 2-compartment model was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Total ceftriaxone concentrations ranged between 36.0 and 139.6 mg/L, and unbound ceftriaxone concentrations ranged between 21.2 and 102.9 ml/L. The median unbound ceftriaxone fraction was 67.8% (interquartile range 58.9-73.7). Total ceftriaxone clearance was 40.6 mL/min. Clearance by CVVH was 40.0 mL/min, which accounted for approximately 99% of total ceftriaxone clearance. The volume of distribution was 16.1 L, and median SC was 0.74 (interquartile range 0.63-0.82). The residual renal clearance was 0 mL/min. Our case demonstrates that extreme hypoalbuminemia greatly impacts pharmacokinetics during CVVH treatment and translates into higher concentrations of ceftriaxone exposure (Figure 1). In our patient the standard recommended dose of ceftriaxone, 2000 mg, administered intravenously resulted in unbound concentrations approximately 5 times greater than the present EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoint of 1 mg/L for E coli (90% to 100% ƒT4x MIC -5x MIC). Simulations based on total ceftriaxone concentrations and 95%


In combination to participate in the "National Training Course on repairing ancient books," the learning experience,from "Love Letter" and "the book of knowledge" and "restoration Art," "protection and utilization",we discussed the ancient repair should have quality.


E are organisms that can survive in different extreme conditions, especially halophiles. They are excellent sources of enzymes that are not only salt stable but also can resist and carry out reactions efficiently under harsh environmental conditions. Recently, microbial glutaminases have found applications in many fields. L-glutaminase is a very important enzyme due to its potential applications in food industries as flavor enhancing agent and anticancer agent in medicine. L-glutaminase catalyzes the hydrolytic degradation of L-glutamine to L-glutamic acid and ammonia. In addition, it plays an important role in the production of fermented foods by enhancing the umami and kokumi tastes. The current investigation was aimed to screen and select halophilic glutaminase producing halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from Thai fish sauce samples. A total of 59 bacterial isolates were screened and selected for halophilic glutaminase producing on modified Sehgal and Gibbons Complex (SGC)-glutamine agar containing 0-25% (w/v) NaCl and supplemented with phenol red as indicator. A positive reaction for the glutaminase test was defined as a pink zone around the colony. Our results revealed that among all, 2 isolates (2.76%) showed the highest halophilic glutaminase ability on SGC-glutamine agar containing 20% (w/v) NaCl, whereas 11 (7.59%), 14 (4.14%), 9 (4.22%), 4 (3.98%) and 2 (3.46%) isolates exhibited high halophilic glutaminase on SGC-glutamine agar containing 15, 10, 5, 20 and 25% (w/v) NaCl, respectively. The bacterial isolate FF5302 produced the highest halophilic glutaminase activity (24.25 U/mL) in the SGC liquid medium containing 1% (w/v) glutamine and 20% (w/v) NaCl on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm, at 37 oC and 7 days of incubation. Finally, the halophilic glutaminase of isolate FF5302 is a potential candidate for flavor-enhancing enzymes in the food industries.


Practice-Based We firmly believe that when it comes to agricultural practices, functioning local examples are critical to adoption of new technology. We are rooted in building active on-farm projects and promoting on-farm research. Nimble We partner with institutions, yet are nimble enough to adapt quickly and stay focused on results in the field. Collaborative We work with academic institutions, regulatory agencies, NGOs, landowners and farmers to fill practical "gaps" in knowledge or equipment. GreenStart has partnered with UNH Cooperative Extension, USDA/NRCS, NHACD, County Conservation Districts, Cornell Soil Health lab, and individual farms across the state and region. Research Oriented We promote the concept of "Popular Agronomy", providing tools for producers to work towards continuous improvement through on-site research.


In much of Europe there is a strong push to decarbonise energy demands, including the largest single end-use demand – heat. Moving heat demands over to the electrical network poses significant challenges and the use of hybrid energy vector and storage systems (heat and electrical storage) will be a critical component in managing this transition. As an example of these challenges (facing many developed countries), the scale of recently available daily energy flows through the UK's electrical, gas and transport systems are presented. When this data is expressed graphically it illustrates important differences in the demand characteristics of these different vectors; these include the quantity of energy delivered through the networks on a daily basis, and the scale of variability in the gas demand over multiple timescales (seasonal, weekly and daily). As the UK proceeds to migrate heating demands to the electrical network in its drive to cut carbon emissions, electrical demand will significantly increase. Additionally, the greater variability and uncertainty shown in the gas demand will also migrate to the electrical demand posing significant difficulties for the maintenance of a secure and reliable electrical system in the coming decades. The paper concludes an analysis of the different means of accommodating increasingly volatile electricity demands in future energy networks.


Nitrogen plays an important role in nitrogen fixation of soybean.In this paper,a pot culture experiment was carried out to study the effects of different forms nitrogen on the variation of dry weight(DW),number,nitrogen content,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogenase activity in nodule of soybean(Glycine max L.) at flowering stage.The results showed that different forms nitrogen promoted nodule formation and growth,which embodied in dry weight and number significantly increased compared with biological nitrogen fixation.The order of the nodule DW and nodule number were NO+4-N(N2)Protein-N(N4)NO-3-N(N1)Amino Acid-N(N3)Amide-N(N5)Biological Nitrogen Fixation(N0),the least nodule DW and number appeared in N0 treatment,while the most occurred in N2 treatment.Meanwhile different forms nitrogen increased N content and N accumulation in nodule.The trend of the nitrogen content in nodule was as follows:N1N4N5N2N3N0,and nitrogen content was the highest in the N1 treatment,moreover,the difference among N0,N1,N4,N5 was significan at 5% level.However,the order of the N accumulation was N2N4N1N5N3N0.The different forms nitrogen remarkably affected nitrogenase activity,the trend was N0N5N3N2N4N1,and the nitrogenase activity was the highest in N0 treatment.Therefore,different forms nitrogen had different effects on nitrogen fixation of soybean.


The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of the implementation of the requirements of the ISO 14001 standard on creating sustainable supply chains in the textile industry. The research process was conducted in 2018. It was preceded by an extensive literature review of sustainable development and quality management as well as the supply chain. The research tool was a questionnaire sent to top management representatives of organisations operating in south-eastern Poland and Slovakia who possess a certified system according to ISO 14001. However, analysis of the results does not allow to give clear answers to the research questions. Although the majority of respondents noted a positive impact of the implementation of ISO 14001 on improving environmental actions in the supply chain, its impact on the creation of sustainable supply chains is not so obvious. Based on our research, organisations will be able to more consciously decide on the implementation of the ISO 14001 standard requirements.


This study describes our experience of adenovirus type 7 infection in children in New South Wales, Australia. Some aspects of the epidemiology of the infection are also recorded. A community outbreak, a hospital‐ward outbreak, sporadic cases, and data from a centralised registry are described. Results of genome‐type identification using restriction endonucleases are given.


The researchers, in the context of LEAD 713, a graduate-level online course at Regent University, consider whether the systematic use of instructor-initiated audio e-mails (as a supplement to regular textual forms of communication) will increase students' participation in group discussion and result in more favorable student perceptions of student/faculty relationships and quality of group discussion, a greater sense or feeling of online community, and a higher degree of satisfaction with the overall learning experience. The results as a whole appear to challenge the researchers' initial assumptions. Benefits of audio e-mails are discussed and future research designs are suggested.


Recent research has shown that thermal spray has the potential to fabricate thermoelectric devices at low cost and high volumes. An integral aspect of the device fabrication is laser processing of the various thermal sprayed layers, which is used to form electrically isolated regions and minimize heat loss to adjacent structures. In this article, experimental results are presented for the laser patterning of thermal spray samples ranging from 50μm to 2mm in thickness. The optimization of process parameters is important for successful electrical isolation and high-quality features. In this study results are presented several short-pulse lasers (nanosecond and picosecond) in which laser power, laser wavelength, type of focusing lens, processing speed, repetition rate, and pressure and flow of purge gas were varied. The optimum laser parameters were those that minimize the heat affected zone and delamination due to thermal damage while providing maximum material removal. The resulting laser patterns were characterized using both optical and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy, and by verifying electrical isolation between patterned regions using contact resistance measurements. Cut quality attributes including kerf width and edge profile were also studied, and their dependence on process parameters reported.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


One of the significant problems facing aerospace applications over the past two to three decades was fuel consumption. The aircraft industry prefers composite materials (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) to resolve this issue. These composite materials have less weight and good mechanical properties. The major drawback with these fiber-reinforced materials was the inability to conduct the high electrical fields and electrical currents, which cause damage to the aircraft's structure when lightning strikes occurred. The designer should consider a lightning strike protection (LSP) system that allows current and field lines to pass freely through the surface while providing EMI shielding for the aircraft. The best method for allowing the current and field through the aircraft surface by the mesh structure. The mesh structure is examined in this study to offset the decreases in density and fuel consumption. This mesh structure was made using the AL6061 metal matrix material. AL6061 metal matrix composite electrical properties were taken into considerationdepending up on the reinforcement or strengthening of fly ash particulates at different percentages at X-band. The composites shielding effectiveness is gradually increased to 6 dB. Key-words: Fiber Reinforced Plastic, AL6061, Lightning Strikes, Electromagnetic Shielding, X-band.


This paper discusses the passive devices used in integrated VCOs in the GHz region. On-chip inductors and varactors are presented along with three different configurations of LC tanks. Both theoretical and simulation results are presented along with an example of an integrated VCO design. Finally, comments on phase noise simulation are made.


The most sensitive indicator of social change is the word. It is socially ubiquitous and is present in virtually each act or contact between people. For Marxists who seek to understand the relationship between thinking at an abstract level and its social implications, it is fundamental to examine the relationship between the dynamics of social development and thought and language. Any commitment to Marxism necessitates the belief that a knowledge of the historical circumstances that formed a background to the contemporary period is vital to an understanding of that contemporary milieu. Marxism goes further, however, in articulating that it is the laws of historical development that are central and primary to any comprehension of social dynamics. Historians therefore have an important role to play in the contemporary context. Much of the human cultural heritage is passed down through the written word. Thus the medium that embodies this cultural heritage also has a function that often goes unnoticed but is, nevertheless, an important part of that cultural heritage. In Russia, for instance, an examination of this problem led to extensive debates on the relationship between lan-


A system is described for digital measurement and automatic recording of linear or angular position. An adding‐subtracting scaler is used to accumulate pulses generated by the digitizing element. Several of the major components are commercially available. The performance of the system as used for coordinate measurements on bubble chamber photographs is discussed.


Room temperature direct gap photoluminescence (PL) was observed from n-type tensile-strained epitaxial Ge-on-Si. The PL intensity increases with n-type doping due to a higher electron population in the direct Γ valley as a result of increased Fermi level. The direct gap emission also increases with temperature due to thermal excitation of electrons into the direct Γ valley, exhibiting robustness to heating effects. These unique properties of direct gap emission in an indirect gap material agree with our theoretical model and make Ge a promising light emitting material in 1550 nm communication band.


Patients with hemispatial neglect exhibit visuospatial impairments in the contralesional hemispace, failing to respond to items presented in their left space. Moreover, eye-movements into left space are abnormal with fewer, hypometric fixations and increased leftward latencies. Surprisingly we have recently found that, in an anti-saccade task (where a saccade away from a stimulus is required), neglect patient failed to suppress incorrect pro-saccades to both right and leftwardly presented targets (Rossit et al, 2009). What we could not establish was whether these bilateral impairments were due to a failure to locate the visual stimulus and reverse its location to specify the goal for the anti-saccade, or whether the patients suffered from an inability to suppress the pre-potent response. We therefore asked neglect patients to either perform pro-saccades (go) towards right and leftwardly presented stimuli or to inhibit their response and maintain central fixation (no-go). The percentage of go compared to no-go trials was varied systematically. We found that neglect patients showed no problems suppressing leftward saccades yet performed worse than control groups in suppressing rightward saccades over all conditions. This suggests that the, previously reported, involuntary leftward pro-saccade errors were not due to inhibition failure but that the rightward errors were.


An engine operated machine system, the vibration damping device through one end thereof connected to the engine, wherein an auxiliary weight is mounted to the other end of the crankshaft, when the piston reaches top and bottom dead center, for generating an inertial force of the piston same centrifugal direction. Thus, the engine may cause the center of gravity closer to the position of the vibration damping device, thereby maximally suppressing the engine vibration is applied from the support rods.


The industrial residue of Jatobá wood flour (JWF) was reused during production of biocomposites based on polycaprolactone (PCL), 50% by weight of JWF was added to PCL matrix. Initially, maleic anhydride-grafted polycaprolactone compatibilizer (PCL-g-MA) was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and degree of grafting. Afterwards, PCL/JWF and PCL/JWF/PCL-g-MA biocomposites were processed in an internal mixer and injection molded. From the gathered results, increase in torque and reduction in the melt flow index of PCL/JWF biocomposites were verified related to neat PCL. Upon addition of PCL-g-MA to PCL/JWF there was a lubricating effect with reduced torque and increased fluidity. PCL/JWF displayed increased elastic modulus, Shore D hardness, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) around 158.5%, 16% and 24.5%, respectively, related to PCL. Nevertheless, there was decline in tensile strength and impact strength, which were improved in PCL/JWF/PCL-g-MA, suggesting higher interaction among phases, providing greater stress transfer. An interesting finding was the nucleating effect of JWF in PCL matrix, as the increased degree of crystallinity and accelerated crystallization. Morphology of PCL/JWF evidenced several voids, but upon compatibilization with PCL-g-MA, the interfacial adhesion and wetness increased, improving the mechanical properties. JWF reusing presents great potential to produce sustainable biocomposites, reducing the final product costs.


The invention relates to a production method of cotton/polyimide short fiber blended yarn. The yarn comprises 50% of long stapled cotton fiber and 50% of polyimide short fiber. The production technology comprises the steps of preparing combing slivers with first opening picking, first cotton carding and first combing of a cotton fiber warp cotton spinning process; preparing polyimide strips with second cotton carding of a polyimide short fiber warp cotton spinning process; preparing cotton drawn slivers through first drawing with 50% of the combing slivers, preparing polyimide drawn slivers through second drawing with 50% of the polyimide strips, afterwards feeding a flyer frame with one cotton drawn sliver and one polyimide drawn sliver simultaneously, and preparing first blended rove through first rove; feeding the flyer frame with residual 50% of the combing slivers and 50% of the polyimide strips based on a ratio of 1:1, preparing cotton/polyimide blended drawn slivers through third drawing, and afterwards preparing second blended rove through second rove; feeding a spinning frame with the first blended rove and the second blended rove simultaneously, and preparing the blended yarn with the linear density of 14.6 tex through spun yarn.


Islamic banking in Malaysia, despite its recent start, has seen very rapid growth. This growth however has been uneven. While short-term trade financing has always been dominant and grown rapidly, Mudarabah financing by Islamic banks in Malaysia has reduced to insignificantly amounts. Yet, Mudarabah which is based on profit and loss sharing has always been considered to be at the core of Islamic financing and in tune with the shariah's injunctions against interest based financing.

The paper addresses why this has been the case. Using conventional finance theories it is shown that Mudarabah financing has serious agency problems, lacks the bonding effect of debt financing and can induce perverse incentives. Following an analysis of these problems in Part I. Part II compare: Mudarabah with conventional debt and equity financing within a risk-return framework. Using scenario analysis, it is shown that for a 'borrower' faced with the alternative of using Mudarabah, debt or equity financing, Mudarabah would be best in a risk-return framework. For a financier faced with the same three alternatives however, Mudarabah financing would be the worst. Expected returns would be the lowest while risk highest among the three alternatives. This has to do with the structure of Mudarabah financing where strict interpretation of the Shariah requires the financier to absorb all losses, but profits to be shared. It is argued that this inequality in the distribution of risk and returns has caused Islamic banks to reduce Mudarabah financing.

Part III proposes an alternative financial arrangement under Mudarabah. Using the principles of mezzanine and vertical-strip financing, currently in use in venture-capital and other high risk financing like Leveraged Buyouts (LBOs), it is shown that a more equitable distribution of risk and returns can be achieved. The proposal requires the mudarib (borrower) to 'reimburse' the financier in the event of certain outcomes. This reimbursement will be in form of the Mudarib giving up part of his equity to the financier. While this reduces the agency problems and the downside risk faced by the financier it does not eliminate all such risk. Thus, both parties will be required to be responsible and cautious in undertaking new projects.

Part IV concludes with an evaluation of the proposed arrangement in the context of the Shariah


In order to improve the adaptability of the tracked vehicle in the road and strengthen the grip of the tracked vehicle, a track surface adaptive mechanism was provided. In theory, it has been proved practically. Meanwhile, RecurDyn, which is a multi-body kinematics software, was used to build a multi-body soft hybrid model, based on structure, elasticity, linear damping adaptive tracked vehicle; meanwhile the model was used to carry on the kinematics simulation. Through the comparison between simulated motion trail and that of traditional motion trail, this paper analyzed the deviation of the motion trail and also simulated the motion trail of the warped surface so as to test the adaptive ability of the mechanism. According to the results, the adaptive mechanism was equipped with great surface adaptability. It can also adapt to the complex warped surface, and enjoy a damping effect.


This poster will visually display the digital collections developed and curated by Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Library and show examples of how through collaboration and stakeholder engagement with internal and external stakeholders these collections add value to both the QUT community and the wider community. We will be visually displaying the current 15 QUT Digital Collections to show the different stakeholder engagement and collaborations has occurred to this point. This is quite a bit of relevant literature which we can call upon to enhance the validity of the poster. Since 2012 QUT Library has developed and launched a number of digital collections. Over time there were a range of requests, that didn't fit into our existing repository collections from both within the University and external donations that led to the decision to create QUT Digital Collections The collections curate and disseminate digitised and born-digital collections of QUT's many predecessor institutional/local heritage materials other selected donated images and material and items that are used in various faculties for teaching and learning, primarily via open access. All the items from QUT digital collections can found via a Google search and are also indexed by Trove – National Library of Australia Curating and exhibiting digital collections of learning objects, cultural and/or institutional heritage materials significantly increases the value proposition of the institution's investment in repository services. It is important to remember that digital collections are not static and need to be constantly added to and maintained to validate their existence. This poster will be able to be altered if new collections are added over time and will be used after the Off the Grid in presentations with audiences both internal and external to QUT.


Low efficiency and pattern degradation are specific problems encountered in phased-array designs based on integrated technology, as for example used in low-profile radar applications. These problems are largely due to the excitation of surface waves (SW). It was demonstrated in earlier work that electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technology can decrease or even eliminate SWs. However, for the most effective application, the EBG should preferably fully enclose the individual elements that compose the array. This inherently creates a problem of spacing, in the sense that scanning becomes more limited or virtually impossible. A solution to the problem could be found in the application of the EBG at sub-array level. In this contribution we investigate the effect of this concept in terms of directivity, radiation-pattern purity and scattering parameters. Commercial software was used to study various sub-array concepts with the application of EBGs to limit SWs. Two hardware demonstrator array panels were produced and experimentally tested for validation purposes


As part of ongoing studies to characterize responses to controlled hemorrhage (Klemcke et al., Shock, in press, 2007), we conducted hematological and coagulation evaluations of 15 different inbred rat strains (n = 8–11 rats/strain). Rats were catheterized and, 24 hours later, 55% of their blood volume was removed. Complete blood counts (CBC), thromboelastographic (TEG) measures, plasma fibrinogen concentrations and prothrombin times (PT) were measured in samples taken during the initial phase of hemorrhage. Two rat strains tended to be the most divergent for many of these measures: Brown Norway/Medical College of Wisconsin (BN/Mcwi), and Munich Wistar Fromter (MWF). BN/Mcwi rats had greater PT (10.8 ± 0.2 vs 9.4 ± 0.1 sec), RBC (7.5 ± 0.1 vs 5.4 ± 0.2 106/mm3) and WBC (12.6 ± 0.4 vs 1.4 ± 0.1 103/mm3), but less fibrinogen (277 ± 21 vs 412 ± 13 mg/dl), platelets (408 ± 21 vs 776 ± 47 103/mm3), and lower clot strength based on TEG measures (64.7 ± 0.9 vs 75.9 ± 0.7 mm) than did Munich Wistar Fromter (MWF) rats (P <0.05). Hence, MWF rats appeared to exceed BN/Mcwi rats in many aspects of coagulation. Should the extremely low WBC counts of the MWF be shown to reflect an altered immune system function, these data suggest a potential utility for BN/Mcwi and MWF rats as models for investigation of the important interactions between coagulation and immunity (Am J Transplant 7:499, 2007).


Part One: Introduction to Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination 1. Introduction to Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination 2. The Forensic Accounting Legal Environment 3. Fundamentals 1: Accounting Information Systems 4. Fundamentals 2: The Auditing Environment Part Two: Fraud Examination Theory, Practice, and Methods 5. Fraud Prevention and Risk Management 6. Fraud Detection 7. The Fraud Investigation and Engagement Processes 8. The Evidence Collection Process 9. Fraud Examination Evidence I: Physical, Documentary, and Observational Evidence 10. Fraud Examination Evidence II: Interview and Interrogation Methods 11. Fraud Examination III: Forensic Science and Computer Forensics 12. The Fraud Report, Litigation, and the Recovery Process Part Three: Occupational and Organizational Fraud 13. Employee, Vendor, and Other Frauds against the Organization 14. Financial Statement Fraud 15. Fraud and SOX Compliance Part Four: Specialized Fraud Areas 16. Tax Fraud 17. Bankruptcy, Divorce, Identity Theft, and Loan and Insurance Fraud 18. Organized Crime, Counterterrorism, and Antimoney-Laundering Part Five: Other Forensic Accounting Services 19. Business Valuation 20. Dispute Resolution Services