Background: Stuttering is an organic process utterance condition. This utterance condition is broken by prolongation of sounds and repetitions of part words and phrases. Speech constitution strategies facilitate the client to use a new way of oral communication in stutters. Objective: to determine the effects of prolongation of speech and syllable time speech on reduction of severity of stuttering in stuttering patients. Methods This Randomized clinical trial study design was conducted in National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Islamabad. A total of n=30 participants of both gender having developmental stuttering with age between 20-30 years were included in the study through purposive sampling. The n=30 participants were randomly divided in to Group A received prolonged speech protocol (PSP) and Group B received syllable time speech protocol. The data was collected using the Scale of rating severity of stuttering (SRSS) at baseline, after 6th weeks and after 12th weeks of training. The data was analyzed through SPSS-21. Results The mean age of the study participants was 22±2.05 years. The median number of sibling was 4(2), birth order 2.5(2) and age of onset was 4(1) years. With-in group analysis showed that the group received prolong speech protocol {F=25.24(2), p<0.001} and syllable time speech protocol {F=29.52(2), p<0.001}, both were significantly improved from the baseline to the end of 12th week of intervention as well as at each level of assessment. While comparing the groups, there was significantly large mean difference (MD) of SRSS in group received syllable time speech protocol (2.53±.83 ver 1.73±.59, p=0.005, Cohen's d=0.72) as compared to group received prolong speech protocol. Conclusion It is concluded that Syllable time speech was effective in reducing severity of stuttering and improving fluency in stutterers. . Key words: Stuttering, stammering, fluency shaping therapy, speech therapy.


The book is dedicated to 'the younger generation of scholars of Russian foreign policy'. This unusual dedication, on first sight, implies that there will be little, if anything, to excite the inter...


The invention discloses a wireless power transfer system, a power receiver, and a wireless power transfer method. The power receiver has: a power receiving resonance coil for wirelessly receiving power from a power transmitter by using magnetic-field resonance or electric-field resonance; a power receiving side phase adjustment oscillation unit for outputting voltage oscillating at a predetermined frequency; a power receiving side communication unit for communicating with the power transmitter; and a power receiving side control unit for receiving the output from the power receiving side communication unit and adjusting the resonance frequency of the power receiving resonance coil by using the voltage output from the power receiving side phase adjustment oscillation unit. The power receiver improves the power transfer efficiency while preventing the burden and cost of hardware from increasing.


. With the widespread adoption of Linked Data, the efficient processing of SPARQL queries gains importance. A crucial category of queries that is prone to optimization is "top-k" queries, i.e. queries returning the top k results ordered by a specified ranking function. Top-k queries can be expressed in SPARQL by appending to a SELECT query the ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses, which impose a sorting order on the result set, and limit the number of results. However, the ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses in SPARQL algebra are result modifiers, i.e. their evaluation is performed only after the evaluation of the other query clauses. The evaluation of ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses in SPARQL engines typically requires the process of all the matching solutions (possibly thousands), followed by a monolithically computation of the ranking function for each solution, even if only a limited number (e.g. K = 10) of them were requested, thus leading to poor performance. In this paper, we present S PARQL-R ANK, an extension of the SPARQL algebra and execution model that supports ranking as a first-class SPAR-QL construct. The new algebra and execution model allow for splitting the ranking function and interleaving it with other operations. We also provide a prototypal open source implementation of S PARQL-R ANK based on ARQ, and we carry out a series of preliminary experiments.


Freshwater fishes found in a tropical pool regularly enter a subterranean source of water. They do so mostly when fishing bats are active in the evening. If fish are experimentally attracted to the pool during this period, fishing bat activity increases. Laboratory studies demonstrate that avoiding open areas in the evening is characteristic of these fishes. Predation by fishing bats can be a selective pressure favoring cave dwelling, an alternative hypothesis on the origin of cave colonization to entrapment and directional evolution. INTRODUCTION Although many examples exist of obligate (troglobitic) and facultative (troglophilic) cavernicoles for which a surface (epigean) ancestor can be presumed, the origin of cave colonization remains puzzling. Some theories of the evolution of cave populations assume accidental entry into caves followed by permanent entrapment of the organisms. Others propose some directional ("regressive") evolution on the assumption that cavernicolous animals represent "dying phylogenetic lines" which seek refuge in caves (see Barr, 1968, for a review of these theories). Neither assumption has experimental confirmation. A ubiquitous freshwater teleost, Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus (Characidae), is frequently cited as an example of cave adaptation from an epigean ancestor. It is found as an eyed and pigmented surface form and as a blind and depigmented cave one. Although Hubbs and Innes (1936) described the cave form as a new genus and species (Anoptichthysjordani), breeding experiments (Peters and Peters, 1973; Sadoglu, 1957), as well as cytogenetic (Kirby et al., 1977) and electrophoretic studies (Avise and Selander, 1972), indicate that these two forms are conspecific. These forms differ not only in their morphology but also in their behavior. In contrast to the behavior of the eyed form, the blind one does not school, lacks periodic activity cycles (i.e., does not have rest periods like the epigean one), is not aggressive and, although it produces an alarm substance, does not react to it (Breder, 1943; Pfeiffer, 1966; Schemmel, 1980). Several species of tropical bats capture fish such as Astyanaxfasciatus from surface waters (Bloedel, 1955; Reeder and Norris, 1954). The echo-locating Noctilio leporinus, for example, is known to prey on A. fasciatus and on the cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Simmons et al., 1979; Suthers, 1967; Villa-R., 1966). The distributions of N. leporinus and A. fasciatus are very similar, the former ranging from central W Mexico to Argentina, the latter from southwestern USA to Argentina. At the beginning of the wet season (May) of 1982, I studied a two-species assemblage of about 120 fishes, ca. 60% Astyanax fasciatus and 40% the poeciliid, Brachyraphis rhabdophora. This assemblage colonized a shaded pool, fed by subterranean waters, that was constructed in 1976 close to "La Hacienda de Palo Verde," Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. Diurnal observations on these fishes suggested that both species show an affinity for the subterranean habitat, evidenced by their behavior and distribution. Both species carry food into the subterranean cavity prior to eating it (Romero, 1984). Casual observations indicated that fishes move into the subterranean source of water at dusk the time that fishing bats begin foraging (Bloedel, 1955)and that they reappear in the pool after the bats cease flying over it. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine whether the subterranean cavity serves to protect fish during the time


The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an important role in the revolution of the Internet with the rise of Industry 4.0. It is closely related to low-power embedded devices, which have not been entirely IP-enabled until now. The 6LoWPAN (acronym of IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks) is an IPv6 protocol for Wireless Embedded Internet. It can help enable even the minimum embedded systems with limited processing capabilities to participate in the IoT. This study investigates a reliable way of future IoT networking by designing and implementing a 6LoWPAN-based lightweight Wireless Embedded Internet platform, named Lowvy (abbreviated from low-power wireless connectivity). Lowvy is characterized by low power consumption, constrained memory, small size, a low-cost IPv6-enabled wireless embedded device, and a constrained application protocol (CoAP). We did different application experiments to test the performance of the platform in terms of received signal strength indicator (RSSI), power consumption, sensor integration, and internet integration application with 6LoWPAN. Comparing Lowvy with other wireless embedded IoT platforms, Lowvy is less expensive and more compact. Moreover, Lowvy has a powerful performance in terms of signal strength for a longer wireless distance transmission of about 25 to 30 meters and has a lower power consumption of 41.60 milliwatts.


ABSTRACT Nutrient status of plant affects root exudates of plant. Little is known about effect of potassium status on root exudation. Objective of this study was to identify metabolites in rhizosphere soil of soybean under different potassium conditions. Two soybean cultivars (Satonohohoemi (SAT) and Tachinagaha (TAC)) were grown in soil culture under low (K0, without potassium fertilizer) and normal (K2, 0.42 g K kg−1) soil potassium status. Soil solutions were collected at 15 and 25 DAS. Metabolites in soil solution were detected by CE-TOF MS. Low potassium tolerance was higher in SAT than TAC. Shoot and root K concentration in SAT was lower in K0 than that in K2. Forty-seven metabolites were detected in rhizosphere soil solution of SAT, TAC and without plant. Low K condition increased 6 and 3 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 2 and 4 metabolites concentration with SAT and 2 and 1 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Low K condition decreased 1 and 1 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 6 and 6 metabolites concentration with SAT and 0 and 2 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Increased and decreased metabolites were different between SAT and TAC. These results suggest that K status affect metabolites in root exudate and rhizosphere microbes of soybean and there is cultivar difference in these metabolites.


A slim flexible disk drive, which could be mounted on a hand-held personal computer, is now under intensive study in Japan. The spindle motor for the flexible disk drive has an index-position detecting means, an index magnet attached to the outer wall of the periphery of the rotor yoke, and a magnetic sensor which detects the magnetic flux from the index magnet. As a result, spaces for providing the index magnet and the magnetic sensor prevent the motor from being made smaller in size and reduced in thickness.

This paper describes the method for detecting the index position of a spindle motor without both the index magnet and the magnetic sensor. This method detects an index position per rotation from two different kinds of frequency generating signals (main FG and sub FG) through an index-detecting circuit. The thin spindle motor to which this index-detecting method is applied, performed a smaller degree of rotational speed variation compared with another well-known one without both the index magnet and the magnetic sensor. This index-detecting method is most suitable for a less-inertia-thin spindle motor, and is easy to assemble.


In reshaping the historical material on the Second Punic War, Tiberius Catius Asconius Silius Italicus' boldest statement is located in restoring the gods as active participants in Roman epic narrative. Hercules is the mythical character that yields the most insight for our assessment of what paradigms of heroism operate in Silius' Roman epic. This chapter deals with the treatment of Hercules as a paradigm of "human divinity" in light of other critics' discussion of the question of the epic 'hero' and in particular of Roman heroism in Silius' poem. The Silian deities, however, stand conspicuously more massive than Virgil's Juno, Venus, Jove, and Allecto. In the narrative of the siege of Saguntum in the first two books of the Punica , the Spanish town is associated with Hercules via the figure of Zacynthos, who accompanies Hercules back from Geryon's island. Keywords: Hercules; human divinity; Juno; Punica ; Roman heroism; Saguntum; Second Punic War; Tiberius Catius Asconius Silius Italicus


It expounds the importance and the method of coltivating aesthetic consciousness for art and design majors in the light of the present situation.It argues that aesthetic consciousness determines aesthetic function and innovation is the lifeline in art and design,and that aesthetic consciousness is the base of art innovation.


technological implementation of 2 This practical encapsu-lated in the derived from is power.' The many and interesting connections between these two sets of interests – the theological and the natural philosophical – unnoticed by scholars; 3 one central component of Bacon's pragmatic approach to natural philosophy was deeply influenced by theological unexplored. The equation between knowledge and power, so well known, in fact developed out of Bacon's conception of the Christian Trinity, and out of the relationship between the Trinity and humanity's pursuit of knowledge about nature. It is the task of this essay to the development of this connection the beginnings of Bacon's literary its


ABSTRACT Crashworthy fuel tank has been widely implemented among rotorcraft, and they have served a valuable contribution to improving the survivability of crews and passengers. From the early stages of military rotorcraft history, the US Army has developed and implemented a detailed military specification documenting the unique crashworthiness requirements for rotorcraft fuel tank with the aim of reducing the high incidence of fatalities due to post-crash fires. International manufacturers have followed this information to develop their own fuel tank, and have reflected the results of crash impact tests in trial-and-error design and manufacturing processes. Since the crash impact test itself requires lengthy preparation together with costly fuel cell specimens, a series of numerical simulations of the crash impact test with digital mock-ups is necessary, even at the early design stage, in order to minimise trial-and-error testing with full-scale fuel tank. In this study, a number of numerical simulations on fuel cell crash impact tests are performed with the crash simulation software, ANSYS/Autodyn. The resulting equivalent stresses are further analysed to evaluate a number of appropriate design parameters and the artificial neural network and simulated annealing method are simultaneously implemented to optimise the crashworthy performance of fuel tank.


In this manuscript, a new method is proposed to provide a perfect tracking of the supercavitation system based on a new two-state model. The tracking of the pitch rate and angle of attack for fin and cavitator input is of the aim. The pitch rate of the supercavitation with respect to fin angle is found as a non-minimum phase behavior. This effect reduces the speed of command pitch rate. Control of such non-minimum phase in a specific time interval and improving the speed response with respect to fin control reaction is still an open problem. To overcome the problem a feed-forward control is proposed to apply on the cavitator as a control in the feed-forward configuration. The idea of this paper is to provide a certain signal for the cavitator in order to improve the tracking performance in presence of uncertainty using iterative learning control. Moreover, this paper proposes a new method based on parameter-optimal iterative learning control to solve a perfect tracking problem of systems for indefinite (not sign-definite) system. This technique provides an updating control law through applying adaptive Lyapunov gain for monotonic zero convergence of tracking error in sense of 2-norm. The simulation results verify performance and robustness of the proposed modification of iterative learning control in comparison with classical controller of the supercavitating vehicle.


An integrated electromagnetic field sensor using Z-cut LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulator and micro antenna was fabricated and measured. A coplanar waveguide antenna was directly integrated with the traveling-wave electrode of the Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulator on the same LiNbO3 substrate. The minimum detectable electric field strength is 8.91 times 10-4 V/m at 2 GHz.


Sidney Holland tries to keep the rest of his family dry as heavy rain fell on the Memorial Day ceremonies at Rodger Young Park in Fremont, Ohio.


Objective: The aim of this study is to prove the clinical significance by evaluating pregnancy outcomes from intrauterine growth restriction using waves of the Doppler velocimetry of uterine and umbilical artery and amniotic fluid index. Methods: Throughout the period of January 2000 to May 2005 at our hospital, we reviewed 127 cases diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction after 24 weeks of pregnancy and the existences of diastolic notch of uterine artery (DNUT), absent or reversed end-diastolic velocity of umbilical artery (AEDV) and oligohydramnios were considered abnormal. We set the group that had no abnormal signs as the control group (62 cases), and respectively compared the groups that had oligohydramnios (24 cases), unilateral DNUT (27 cases), bilateral DNUT (10 cases) and AEDV (13 cases) with the control group. And we compared the groups that had only one abnormal sign, that is oligohydramnios (20 cases), bilateral DNUT (7 cases), AEDV (7 cases) and the group showing 2 or more complicated abnormal signs those above (9 cases) with the control group. Results: Perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, lower 5-min Apgar score (A/S), neonatal acidosis, admission rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and perinatal mortality were poor statistically in groups with DNUT, AEDV and oligohydramnios compared to those which have none of these abnormal signs. And those with DNUT had worse results when affected on both sides. And those with AEDV showed worse perinatal outcomes compared to those with bilateral DNUT or oligohydramnios; any overlapping of these abnormal signs indicated worse perinatal outcomes, which had statistic significance. Conclusion: Close observation of the fetal well-being by analysis on the wave velocimetry of the blood flow such as the uterine arteries and umbilical arteries and the measurement of the amniotic fluid volume enables predicting the perinatal prognosis of the intrauterine-growth restricted fetuses which may contribute in reducing the perinatal morbidity and mortality.


Both high phosphate intake and hyperphosphataemia are associated with an increased risk of vascular calcification and other soft-tissue calcification. The dietary phosphorus content is related to the dietary protein content. It is un-acceptable to reduce protein intake in order to lower serum phosphorus concentration because of the risk of malnutrition, resulting in a negative protein balance. Apart from longer or more frequent dialysis sessions, the only possible alternative is to reduce phosphorus absorption in the gut. This can be achieved either by phosphate binders or — more recently — by inhibitors of the transfer of phosphorus across the intestinal wall [12]. Because of their toxicity, aluminium-based prepara-tions are no longer acceptable as routine phosphate binders in dialysis patients. Because of financial restric-tions and resistance from health care providers because of cost considerations, innovative metal- and calcium-free oral phosphate binders are currently used only in a minority of European dialysis patients. Calcium carbonate or calcium acetates are the most widely used phosphate binders in Europe. The rationale for the use of phosphate binders is to transform phosphate in the food into a non-absorbable form, reducing the risk of soft-tissue calcification.


Background: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) has been known to upregulate the expression levels of regulators of w -3 fatty acids in the resolution phase of macrophages, and this would in turn repress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. [1, 2] In OA joints, adipocytes might participate in inflammatory process. [3] We are interested in the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from both tissues in both diseases. And to investigate how srebf1 works in infrapatellar fat pad (IFP, or Hoffa) or subcutaneous (SC) tissue, we studied the expression levels of srebf1 , pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulators of fatty acids. Objectives: To investigate the proportion of CD14 positive cells as well as M1 and M2 macrophages in SVF of Hoffa and SC; and to explore contribution of SREBP1 to rheumatic disease pathological processes of RA and OA. Methods: After treated with collagenase, macrophages (CD14 positive cells) in SVF were counted by flow cytometry. Then they were divided, half for calculating the ratio between CD80 positive cells (M1 macrophages) and CD163 positive cells (M2 macrophages), and half for performing qRT-PCR. Results: Characteristics of the patients


Hearing impairment is one of the most common physical disabilities in the world. Conductive hearing loss results
from dysfunction of the middle ear, and sensorineural hearing loss results from abnormalities within the cochlea or
central nervous system. To improve the diagnosis of hearing loss and develop new technologies for restoration of
hearing, changes of the middle ear and cochlear functions in relation to ear structural disorders in hearing impaired
ears need to be characterized. This paper summarizes our biomedical engineering approach to characterize the middle
ear and cochlear functions in normal and diseased ears. With the experimental measurements in human temporal
bones and animal models and the finite element (FE) modeling of the human ear, a better understanding of
biomechanics of the ear for sound transmission is achieved. The acoustic-mechanical vibration and energy
transmission through the middle ear in normal and diseased ears can be visualized and quantified in a 3-dimensional
FE model. Four novel model-derived "auditory test curves" named as the middle ear transfer function, energy
absorbance, admittance tympanogram, and tympanic membrane holography are generated with clinically relevant
applications.


Objective
To explore the cognitive function characteristics in major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after 6-month treatment.

Methods
Assessed the severity of depression with 24-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD24), 103 MDD were matched with 104 healthy controls (HCs). Both groups of the subjects were measured cognitive function with WSCT and neurocognitive assessments package, including the Stroop Color Word Test, the Trail Making Test, the Verbal Fluency Test and the Wechsler Memory Scale, before and after 6 months of paroxetine treatment. ANOVA and simple effect analysis were used to compare the differences in cognitive factors between the groups.

Results
At baseline, the verbal fluency, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, learning and memory in MDD patients were significantly worse than that in the HCs (t=-7.441--4.601, P<0.01) . Analyzed by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, the verbal fluency in remitted MDD (n=53) was still significantly worse than follow-up HCs (n=31; -0.38±0.87 vs. 0.08±0.94; F=7.672, P=0.007) , however there were no significant interaction of group×time (F=0.625, P=0.432), or any significant difference between two groups at different time (F=1.484, P=0.227). While all other cognitive factors had significant interactions of group×time (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Analyzed by the simple effect analysis, all other cognitive factors were significantly worse in MDD at baseline (P<0.05 or P<0.01) but no significant difference between two groups at the end of the six-month follow-up.

Conclusion
MDD exhibits impairment in cognitive function before effective treatment. The verbal fluency may serve as potential cognitive endophenotypes that will not be changed after the treatment, while the other cognitive factors may serve as state types which are possibly able to restore after the treatment.

Key words:
Depressive disorder; Cognitive function; State type; Endophenotype


Some of special features of the mean drift of the liquid phase because of the low-frequency acoustic action are studied. The porous medium is simulated by a system of equally orientated cylindrical capillaries. The most part of the liquid phase consists of fastened droplets in the equilibrium state. These droplets can not move under the external pressure gradient. In the case of low-frequency vibration the droplets start drifting in the direction of the pressure gradient (it is supposed that the pressure gradient directs along the axis of the capillary). Two different examples are analyzed: the propagation of the longitudinal wave along the capillaries and the transverse wave normal to the capillary's axis. It is shown that whilst propagation of the transverse wave across the system of capillaries the mass transport of the liquid phase is possible. The influence of fluid motion on sound damping is analyzed. The new effect of droplets coalescence is studied. 1.The model of medium. The porous medium is modeled by a system of equal cylindrical capillaries positioned inside the solid body matrix. For the simplicity we suppose that all of the capillaries are orientated in the same (horizontal) direction. We assume also that the capillaries are uniformly filled with the same droplets which are located rather far from each other and so have not an influence on the motion of neighboring droplets. It is supposed that the fluid is wetting. So the idealized model of the partially saturated porous medium with the liquid phase representing an ensemble of droplets distributed uniformly in the volume, similar and non-interacting. Let us suppose that the static pressure depends on horizontal coordinate only and has constant gradient. The same force will act on each droplet. But it's magnitude does not exceed the force of the friction of rest acting on each droplet, and so initially (i.e. before the acoustic action on the medium) all the system is in rest. It will be shown that as the result of low-frequency acoustic vibration on the porous medium the separate droplets start to move in the direction of the gradient of the static pressure so that the systematic drift of the liquid phase inside the porous medium will be observed. Under the above assumptions it is enough to study the motion of a single droplet because all of the droplets are under the same external conditions. The total mass flux is executed by multiplication of the value of the mass transport for the one droplet by the value of saturation . s 2. The equation of the droplets motion. Analyze first the case of the longitudinal wave propagating along the axis of capillaries x and neglect the action of the liquid phase on capillary walls. We shall be interested in the effects connecting with the propagation of a plane harmonic wave , where ) ( sin 1 1 t kx


Hydrides of intermetallic Nb,Me (Me = Au, Ir, Sn) with Al5 structure were prepared at hydrogen pressures up to 7 GPa and studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy with the resonances on lg7Au (77.3 keV), lg31r (73.0 keV) and "'Sn (23.9 keV). In all these systems, hydrogenation was found to lead to a reduction in the electron density at the MGssbauer nuclei, but the decrease for "'Sn was much smaller than for lg7Au and lg31r. This difference suggests that in Nb,Au and Nb,Ir the hydrogen occupies interstitial sites which are closer to the metal atoms than those occupied in Nb,Sn.


Respiratory motion generates lung volume changes during the breathing cycle. These affect the lung tissue density and therefore influence both the attenuation effect and the radiotracer concentration in PET imaging. To detect and correct for these effects could improve the quantitative accuracy of lung PET imaging. In this work we propose the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to detect respiratory-induced lung density changes in the upper lung, where motion is expected to be minimal. The method is firstly applied to simulation data, specifically generated to simulate density changes only and no motion. Secondly, it is applied on the upper lung bed position of 15 lung cancer patients datasets. The total number of counts in time is also evaluated. The results show that the PCA signal is highly correlated to the respiratory trace obtained from an external device, and also to the variation of total counts in time. As the bed positions taken into account do not include moving organs, the results suggest that PCA is successful in detecting respiratory-induced density changes in the upper lung.


In order to exploit Nomuraea rileyi and afford some base in subsequent study,the pathogenicity of Nomuraea rileyiLX050908001C against larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabrieius was ascertained.The pathogenicity of Nomuraea rileyi LX050908001C on 4th and 5th larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabrieius was determined through the dipping method.Results showed that adjusted accumulative mortality to 4th larvae was 92.47%,LC50 was(1.341±0.052)×104 spores/mL,LT50 was(4.146±0.010)d.And the adjusted accumulative mortality to 5th larvae was 84.76%,LC50 was(4.410±0.658)×104 spores/mL,LT50 was(4.547±0.027) d.The pathogenicity of Nomuraea rileyi LX050908001C against 4th larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabrieius was higher than that of it to 5th larvae.


This paper models a game-theoretic interaction between the monetary authority and a strategically active private sector. It aims to explore the real effects of monetary policy, wage setting behaviour and the consequences of stabilization and indexation policy. We find that when the private sector has an active role, "rules" and "discretion" are not as far apart as implied by the standard model prevalent in the literature. Both regimes are not Pareto-optimal equilibria and inflation may be positive even under "rules." We show that monetary policy may have real effects on output in the short-run due to strategic considerations by rational, petfectly informed wage-setters. The latter may act "tough" or "soft" depending upon the preferences of the policymaker facing them. We investigate the consequences of inflation stabilization policy and the means open to the government to mitigate its output costs. We also find that the prevalent intuition whereby more indexation should lead to more inflation is not always correct.


This is a report on demographic and economic factors affecting aging in countries throughout the world. The focus is on factors affecting health care planning for various periods from 1950 to 1980 with projections to 2020. The data are from previously published reports of international organizations especially the United Nations. Tables and charts are included showing total population aged population by sex and age group population growth rate percent of aged over 70 and 80 years of age gross reproduction rate life expectancy at birth and at age 60 by sex decennial census survival rates for the aged health care economic dependency ratios for the aged and nonaged per capita gross national product by life expectancy at birth and economically active/inactive population ratios by sex.


This paper contributes to the debate over the unity in Smith's corpus by emphasizing Smith's pervasive methodological approach based on an assumption of self-interest. Specifically, Smith consistently relies on equilibrium arguments to explain why a given pattern of economic, political, or social interaction is stable; and comparative static arguments to explain how a stable pattern changes. Some scholars have noted this technique in Smith's economics; however, missing in the literature is an appreciation for Smith's usage of equilibrium and comparative statics arguments virtually every topic that he studies. As we demonstrate, this includes his explanation of morality and benevolence; the theory of languages; the political economics of development; and his theories of law, politics, and government, such as the form of government, property rights, family structure, and virtue in his famous "four stages" theory of history. We close the paper by arguing that equilibrium and comparative statics analysis has significant implications for the contents of Smith's so-called "missing second book" on government, law, and jurisprudence.


Device (1) for collecting and delivering solid fine-grained materials to coarse from a vessel to a system pressure higher by a closure, wherein the container with the closure member (18) is of the device and is equipped with devices for feeding solid material and for feeding the gas that has to raise the pressure in the container as well as with devices for pressure compensation to fill and empty the container, wherein the bottom of container is constructed as a feeding funnel to the closure member, characterized in that inside the container (1 ') and spaced above, in the direction of the force of gravity (g), the closure member (18) are provided at least one central body (2) (central tube) into a tube, vertically oriented, open top and bottom, and the gas feed devices (4,7) that load the bottom (1 9) of the container and / or the central tube (2) for generating a stream of solid material in the central tube.


The objective of this research was to investigate t he purchase behavior of low income young women related to fashion clothing in t hree peripheric areas of the city of São Paulo. The methodology was based on dee p interviews with 30 young women aged 18-24, with 3-7 minimum wages of f amily income, as well as a buying simulation to observe their in-store pu rchase behavior. The analysis was based on the symbolic interactionist perspectiv , which is focused on the meanings attached to consumer choices and actions. The results indicated that there is a rich set of symbolic meanings related to fashion brands and purchase of clothing. They also show that, besides brand pre ference, the young women choose the clothing retail stores based on localiza tion, product assortment, price and selling practices.


In this paper we present a new code design technique which produces best equivocation codes (BEqC) with highest minimum distance for syndrome coding which have better secrecy than the best known error correcting codes (BKC). The best equivocation codes of highest minimum distance have been determined by using a combination of a code design technique based on extensions of the parity check matrix from an optimal set of good equivocation codes of highest minimum distance coupled with a technique of determining the highest minimum distance (dmin) of these extended codes. Code examples are presented that demonstrate that the equivocation rate of these best equivocation codes (BEqC) exceeds by a large margin the best known error correcting codes having the same parameters.


Although the dosimetric Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) signal of hard tissues, particularly enamel, has been extensively studied, little attention has been paid to the native signal. This signal is known to be affected by the health of the tissue, as well as by socio–economic factors. In dental applications several clinical procedures, including the use of laser irradiation, can heat the tissue locally with side effects that must be studied. The purpose of the present work is to study the ESR signals in enamel and dentin tissues after thermal treatment with temperatures in the range of 100°C–300°C. Non‐irradiated permanent bovine teeth were studied. ESR measurements were performed with a Varian E‐4 ESR spectrometer operating in the X band range. Progressively larger ESR signals were produced in dentin tissues previously heat treated at and above 100°C. No detectable signals were observed in similarly treated enamel. The signal shows partial decay at four and six months after thermal treatment. The experimental data for dentin show a correlation with the Arrhenius function with an activation energy of (41 ± 2)103 J/mol. After six months, the ESR signal shows a higher activation energy (67 ± 3)103 J/mol and the decay shows a activation energy of (38 ± 2)103 J/mol. A possible assignment of the signal origin in dentin is difficult. The water lost during thermal treatment and reincorporated during the following six months correlates with the signal gain and subsequent decay. The water lost can produce point defects in the hydroxyapatite, or structural changes in the collagen structure. The results observed here are useful for understanding the thermal effects produced in dentin by infrared laser irradiation, and provides a cautionary warning that annealing conditions in ESR studies of biological tissues should be standardized.


FE towards formation of formic acid over Cu6Sn5 core–Sn oxide shell structure was higher than that of Sn plate and Sn NP/CB. We believe that the key factor affecting the high selectivity is a compressive strain of surface.


The invention discloses a Chinese medicinal composition for treating odontitis and a preparation method thereof. The Chinese medicinal composition for treating the odontitis comprises the following components in part by mass: 80 to 140 parts of baical skullcap root, 300 to 900 parts of gypsum, 50 to 150 parts of glabrous sarcandra herb, 80 to 180 parts of largetrifoliolious bugbane rhizome, 80 to 180 parts of tree peony bark, 80 to 180 parts of yerbadetajo herb, 10 to 50 parts of watermelon frost and 1 to 5 parts of borneol. After being extracted by a solvent and mixed with pharmaceutic adjuvants, the composition can be prepared into tablets, granules, capsules, lozenges, spray, tinctures, mouthwash and other preparations for clinical application. The clinical application and pharmacological tests prove that the Chinese medicinal composition of the invention has obvious and definite curative effect of treating the odontitis, particularly has obvious effect of treating gingival atrophy, gingivitis or periodontitis.


The importance of SME in the national economy has always been emphasized. It has frequently been pointed out that the small enterprises are holders and innovators who, because of customization and flexibility, can quickly respond to the market demands. On the other hand, the ICT industry is considered as one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Due to its specificity, it is especially suitable for small enterprises that can easily start and grow a successful business. This paper attempts to connect three elements: small entrepreneurship, the ICT industry and market research, where the advantages of each element are underlined, as is their connection. For that purpose, firstly, a desk research has been conducted, which included browsing through the secondary data from the existing scientific literature about three sub-topics: the importance of developing SME as the foundation of economic progress in Croatia and abroad; the analysis of the importance of market research as the foundation of decision making in SME as it is done abroad; the analysis of the ICT market in Croatia. Afterwards, an exploratory research has been done via in-depth interviews on the sample of 10 subjects, out of population of 4095 SMEs, who are experts with executive positions in small ICT enterprises in Croatia. The study sought to discover how small enterprises in the ICT industry use market research, how they see it and what are the advantages and disadvantages of its application. The results have been compared to existing theoretical framework and the results of similar studies in other countries. From the results it may be concluded that the small enterprises in the ICT industry in Croatia rarely conduct market research as a separate activity, but implement it in their daily operations in a particular way that is tailored to the specifics of the company.


An anthracene-functionalised cyclam–copper(II) complex for the detection of HS– in aqueous environments has been prepared. This probe displays poor fluorescence but can selectively and sensitively detect HS– anions in water over other anions, biothiols and common oxidants such as H2O2 through remarkably enhanced emission. This turn-on response in the presence of the HS– anion is ascribed to a demetallation reaction that inhibits emission quenching observed in the initial complex as a result of the presence of the paramagnetic Cu2+ centre. Moreover, real-time fluorescence imaging measurements confirm that probe [Cu(1)]2+ can be easily used to detect intracellular HS– at micromolar concentrations with a remarkable enhancement in the FI/FI0 ratio.


AbstractIt has only been in the last few years that accurate measurement of the horizontal pressure gradient has been possible over complex terrain using an airborne platform. To infer forcing mechanisms for the wind, an independent measure of the height of an isobaric surface is required. Differential GPS analyses have enabled determination of the aircraft height with sufficient accuracy to infer isobaric heights. When coupled with an accurate measurement of static pressure, the horizontal pressure field can be determined. To demonstrate this measurement technique, research flight legs by the University of Wyoming King Air (UWKA) conducted in support of the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) in March and April 2006 are examined. UWKA flights conducted on 14 and 25 March and 16 April 2006 encountered strong mountain waves in response to winds directed primarily normal to the Sierra Nevada ridgeline. Winds at flight level showed pronounced variation that suggested topographic influence. The magnitude...


The primary aim of this study was to compare the effect of bladder instillations using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with triamcinolone versus bupivacaine, triamcinolone, and heparin (BTH) in women with newly diagnosed interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. The primary outcome was improvement in symptoms measured using the O'Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms Index (ICSI) score. Secondary comparisons included changes in urinary frequency, nocturia, and bladder capacity.


Ordered functional decision diagrams (OFDDs) are often used as a data structure for representing fixed polarity Reed-Muller expressions (FPRMs). The authors show that OFDDs are never much larger in size than FPRMs. In contrast there exists Boolean functions for which FPRMS always have exponential size, while the OFDD representation remains small. In this sense the authors show that OFDDs are a good data structure for FPRM representation.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the effectiveness of treatment using biofeedback (BFB-training) technology in patients with tension headache.

METHODS
Respiratory training and EEG-BFB-therapy were used to reduce pain syndrome. Two groups of patients with different characteristics of the autonomic nervous system, according to R.M. Baevsky, during Holter monitoring of heart rate variability in the awakening period, presence of autonomic dysfunction that reflected migraine chronification were studied.

RESULTS
The statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of treatment of tension headache using respiratory or EEF parameters of BFB in regard to autonomic nervous system function and the presence of autonomic dysfunction syndrome was demonstrated.


The current paper demonstrates a cost-effective method to experimentally determine the moisture diffusivity in hydrated porcine (pig) skin using the regular regime method. The results obtained using this technique are then compared with the previous results obtained using a combination of incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and pulsed field gradient NMR technique. The present approach uses the principle of basic drying kinetics to evaluate the diffusivity. The experimental procedure involves simple weight loss measurements of the skin sample over a given time interval under the influence of a highly dehumidified air stream. These weight loss curves are then used to evaluate the moisture diffusion coefficient.


It is a nice thing to be asked to comment on an essay' to which I myself would have given a prize. A more explicit way of disclosing my positive feelings about the essay is to reveal that before the program I asked Professor Pepper for permission to reprint it so that not only my students but also students in other sections of professional responsibility at Harvard Law School this spring could have the advantage of being able to read it. I made this request because I had been asked explicitly by the teachers of those sections, to whom I had shown the paper, to do so on their behalf. Turning now to the essay itself, I would like to make my comments from the perspective of practitioners, for after all it is lawyers who have to make decisions daily with respect to the issues that are the subject of today's essay. Ever since Charles Curtis gave a provocative talk on the topic of the lawyer's ethical role some 35 years ago, the subject has received increasing attention, first from lawyers and more recently from philosophers. With the notable exceptions of the contributions of Monroe Freedman and Charles Fried, however, most of the writings have been critical of the position that argues for an amoral ethical role. Moreover, the more completely argued presentations have tended to be those of the critics. Now, drawing on the insights of Freedman and Fried but advancing beyond them, Professor Pepper had produced a first-rate paper presenting a complete theory that seeks to justify, at least presumptively, an amoral role for lawyers. As I survey the field of professional responsibility today, I must confess to a feeling of nakedness. Everyone who is anyone has either created or adopted a model. We have "the lawyer as moral force in a non-differenti-


Screen-detected DCIS generally has no clinical symptoms or signs. Mammographically DCIS presents as microcalcifications that may be localised or widespread, are characteristically branching, and have a variable size and density (Fig. 3). Microcalcifications are tiny specks of calcium within old cancer cells that have died off and piled up. These broken down cells, together with the calcium deposits, build up inside the ducts and manifest mammographically as a cluster of microcalcifications, a shadow or a lump. Hence, rarely, DCIS may reveal a mass on a mammogram. Symptomatic DCIS presents as a palpable breast mass (these solid-type lesions may or may not be associated with calcifications) or a pathological nipple discharge.


109 people have worked at PT. Cantik Aura. they have worked for 3 (three) to 24 (twenty four) years. but their employment status is still a fix term of labor contract. whereas according to Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower it for the sake of law turned into a working agreement  uncertain time. This 109 people filed a lawsuit but the court's decision rejected all claims of these 109 plaintiffs. on the basis of judges' consideration of the types and properties of the work of the plaintiffs is temporary. whereas their working period has passed based on Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower. Based on the type and nature of employment for a specified period of employment arranged by Law Number 13 Year 2003 on Manpower, the work done by the workers is not included in Article 59 Paragraph (1) that is, once completed or temporary work, which is expected to be completed within a period of not more than 3 (three) years, seasonal work or work relating to new products, new activities or additional products that are still under trial or exploration. In its legal considerations, the Supreme Court of Justice in the case only considers that the type of work of the workers is temporary and does not take into consideration that the type of work that is said while it is being perpetrated continuously, does not stop and the passage of the term of the particular employment agreement. The law itself imposes restrictions on the term of a specific employment agreement to protect workers from corporate deviations.


Thus far we have considered the churches of the Protestant Reformation which, in spite of their secession from Rome, nevertheless retained some important elements of the Catholic tradition. Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, and Henry VIII all assumed that the churches which they had established should embrace the entire community, and that ideally everyone would become members of the church through infant baptism. Also, these reformers believed in maintaining close relations with the temporal power which, they asserted, was ordained by God for the benefit of men. Nowhere is this attitude seen more clearly than in the case of Richard Hooker, who maintained that the Church of England and the English state were but two aspects of one and the same thing. Each man was a member of church and state, and pad obligations to both. [excerpt]


According to A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition (Project Management Institute, 2017), all projects can be mapped to a generic life cycle structure: Starting the project, organizing and preparing, carrying out the work, and closing the project. These project phases are, however, a limited part of the story. Indeed something must happen before the start of a project life cycle, and something must happen after the project completes. For instance, a utility company might recognize the need to increment generating capacity, which leads to the start of the project termed "addition of a new power plant," which upon completion operates until outdated or unsafe when the facility is decommissioned through yet another project. Similarly, a software company might identify a niche for a new software product; launch a project to develop the new product, after which the software company will sell the product, maintain and upgrade the product, and manage the relationship with the customer until the software becomes outdated and must be abandoned or replaced. When initiating a project to change an organization, there is a strategic decision triggering the change. So, calling the deliverable of a project a system, we recognize multiple phases that impact the conduct of the project. The aim of this special issue is to seek to better understand the various transitional issues of projects, either through the examination of transition points or the unfolding of new frameworks.


This semicentenary issue marks a proud occasion for the Journal—its 50th birthday. The occasion provides an opportunity to reflect on the Journal's mission, history, and current status. Mission and history are taken up in the historical vignettes by Robert Forster and Arthur Otis, appearing in


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the engagement of Pacific peoples in mental health services in Aotearoa New Zealand and Pacific strategies for suicide prevention. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study involved 22 interviews with Samoans who had made a suicide attempt and/or had suicide ideation, were engaged in a mental health service. Findings – Narratives of mental health services and suicide prevention focused on issues of cultural competency, the importance of family involvement, dichotomous views of western and traditional beliefs around mental illness and the unsuccessful engagement of Pacific youth. Originality/value – This research argues that cultural considerations for Pacific communities are of paramount importance if mental health service engagement and developments towards Pacific suicide prevention strategies are to be effective.


This paper considers queer refugeeism from Trinidad and Tobago to the UK in relation to the political economy of (im)mobility in and out of the Caribbean. Gay rights have been embraced by liberal democracies as the newest form of human rights, what has been called "homonationalism." Mirroring other double-binds of liberal inclusion, I show how queer asylum-seekers get caught betwixt and between two globally-stratified homonationalisms while confronting the realpolitik of European asylum law not only as queer refugees but also in terms of transnational social mobility otherwise unavailable to them. The British asylum system therefore materializes as a bordering operation that more often than not denies lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) asylum-seekers their rights under the sign of their humanitarian protection. I consider whether homonationalisms everywhere—as assemblages of human rights discourse—should be thought of as "post-political" projects, a concept critical to growing bodies of political theory and cultural critique. This is because humanitarianism touts "rights" as universal and moral, therefore transcending the political. However, as a result of their practical effects, I show how the institutional practices deemed post-political in the case at hand should be understood as attempts to deflect and defuse the underlying politics of socioeconomic status and mobility at stake, and that the conflicts and contradictions at the heart of queer asylum-seeking represent the return of the repressed political within legal-technical spaces of disagreement. I also scrutinize the ambivalent entanglements of "expertise" when anthropologists are solicited as country experts in legal asylum cases.


GH-excretion in urine has formerly been shown 10 correlate wilh mean plasma levels. A positive correlation was found between the mean of 5-10 night (first morning void) and 24 hour samlpes. Inter- and intraindividual variation in young healthy adults.: 100 timed urine samples (4 hours) with an overall mean of 830 pg/ 4 hrs (range 78-2613)had a variation of the mean of 10 samples of 25% between ihc individuals. The intra-individual variation of the 10 samples was 40%. Injection or infusion (over 60 minutes) of 1 mg of biosynthetic GH resulted in a mean plasma level over 90 minutes of 35 and 75 ug/l respectively. Collecting urine over 240 minutes = approximately 12 × T/2 gave a urine excretion of 0.0042 % and 0.0024% of the mean plasma level for infusion and bolus respectively. 0.0006% and 0.0008% of the total amount injected was found in the 4 hour urine sample. A reference range of urine GH was established with a 25 percentile value of 1.13 / 1.87 and 2.3 ng/24 hours and 0.4 / 0.62 and 1.0 ng/night for the age groups < 7, 7-10/12.5 and 10/12.5 - 18/19 years respectively. 1-3 years GH- therapy improved height expressed as delta height SDS by + 1.63 and 2.0 in patients with preueatment urine GH levels < p 50 and < p 25 respectively. Related 10 mean plasma night profiles < or > 3 ug/l delta height SDS was + 1.61 and + 2.2. Mean urinary gh excretion correlated with r = 0.56 with IGF 1 levels during treatment. In treated patients 24 hr gh excretion on / off therapy were in ng/24 hr:Urine GH excretion reflects the large intraindividual variation of GH secretion. A mean of several (first morning) urines must be collected. Intact renal tubular function must be assessed by simulataneous assay of beta 2 microglobulin. The diagnostic value of urinary GH is at least as reliable as plasma profiles or stimulation tcsis. In spite of a large intra and interindividual variation the bioavailability of injected GH is reflected in urine excretion under therapy.


Television viewing and children popular drama series soap operas situation comedy quiz and game shows music, variety and chat sport news and current affairs general information programmes discerning young viewers.


This paper improves the thermal field in CG6000-type Czochralski crystal furnace,adding the bottom insulation carbon felt and the top insulation cover,changing the one section guide shell to the three sections guide shell. According to Growth simulation by CGsim simulation software,the previous thermal field is compared to the improved thermal field. Simulation analysis indicates heating power is reduced,the melt temperature field is improved,melt's axial temperature gradient and crystal's axial temperature gradient are increased,and pulling rate is increased. The single crystal growth experiment verified the thermal field power reduction and pulling rate increasing,and these improvements is more effective in the late diameter growth.


This study proposes to examine the structural relationship model among transformational leadership, lean manufacturing, and sustainability performance. In addition, this study is aimed to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and sustainability performance through lean manufacturing. Moreover, this study is intended to explore the moderate effect of type of industry and length of lean adoption. The research design is based on the mixed method gathering data from middle and senior managers working in small and medium enterprises of Thai manufacturing industry. Regarding the quantitative approach, the data were collected from 598 respondents by means of survey. Considering the proposed theoretical model, the results reported that transformational leadership associated with lean manufacturing and sustainability performance, and lean manufacturing related to sustainability performance. In addition, the results further reported that lean manufacturing has a partial mediated effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and sustainability performance. Moreover, the results showed that the relationship between transformational leadership and lean manufacturing is difference in terms of type of industry while no difference in term of length of lean adoption. The results further presented that the relationships between lean manufacturing and sustainability performance, and between transformational leadership and sustainability performance are no difference in terms of both type of industry and length of lean adoption. Qualitative approach was employ to collect data from 40 participants who informed that lean practices were appropriate for automotive industry, though less attention and implementation in other industries. The company takes the most attention on customer involvement, some attention on employee and supplier involvement, which is consistent with quantitative results. Managers tend to give advices and exchange ideas with their followers rather than inspire and give them opportunities to make decision. The first thing to do before launching lean program to all process is that the company should buy-in the understanding of managers about lean concept and implementation. Willingness with well understanding and realizing importance of lean program will lead to superior results, especially operational, economic, and sustainability performance.


The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of long-term administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the acid-base homeostasis of lactating crossbred cows under hot and humid condition of Thailand. Two groups of five animals each of primiparous crossbred dairy cattle were supplemented either with rbST or with control vehicle every 14 days throughout the period of lactation. The blood gas parameters, milk yield and feed intake from both groups were recorded at each stage of lactation. Cows supplemented with rbST showed mild degree of acid-base imbalance during early to mid lactation. The lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paCO2) and plasma bicarbonate ([HCO3-]a) from arterial blood were apparent at early stage of lactation as compared with those of the control cows. The present results can conclude that rbST supplementation influences acid-base homeostasis. The supplementation of rbST may cause the respiratory hypocapnia under prolonged moderate heat exposure and high milk production.


The paper presents a detailed validation of the elsA software for the simulation of a NACA23012 airfoil with ice shape. RANS and URANS simulations are completed with various turbulence models (Spalart-Allmaras, Menter SST, RSM) for a selected number of points of the airfoil polar. Grid refinement is also performed with the Spalart-Allmaras model by applying an overset refined mesh around the separated flow zone generated by ice accretion. Finally, one selected flow condition is computed with a ZDES hybrid method. The results are compared with experimental data (integrated loads, pressure distribution, velocity field) obtained in the ONERA F1 wind tunnel.


In a recent publication [Phys. Fluids B 5, 3864 (1993)], a study has been presented on the absorption mechanisms of whistler waves in cool, dense, cylindrically bounded plasmas. The dispersion relation obtained was used to explore the transition from Landau dominated damping to cyclotron dominated damping. Although the frequencies of these waves are well below the electron cyclotron frequency, the cyclotron resonance terms were retained in full since for high density plasmas, the density dependent parallel wave number can be large enough to bring thermal electrons into cyclotron resonance. It is the purpose of the present Comment to show that, within the approximations used in the article above, off‐diagonal terms, which were neglected, can give an important contribution to the dispersion and damping of the waves for the parameters considered, and therefore should be retained in the calculation.


The main purpose of the present paper is to estimate id-A a, the injective dimension of A a, in terms of those of RR, MR, and Ss. In fact,if we assume that fd-sM, the flatdimension of SM, is finite,then there hold the inequalities max(id-RR, id-MR, id-Ss-fd-sM)^id-AA^ max (max (id-RR, id-MR)+fd-sM, id-S5-l)+l. In this connection, we investigate the case when the left-hand or the righthand side equality holds under the condition that SM is flat. In [7], Zaks shows that the injective dimension of an nXn lower triangular matrix ring over a semiprimary ring R is just equal to id-RR-}-l. An example is constructed to show that the condition on R benig semiprimary is redundant in his theorem. The author wishes to express his hearty thanks to Professors H. Tachikawa and T. Kato for their useful suggestions and remarks. Let ,=[J


The inverse energy cascade, which is one of the important phenomena to enhance the large-scale flow instability in bubbly flow, is investigated by measuring a local two-phase flow structure driven by buoyant bubbles using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV). In PIV, the flow field of liquid phase is measured by separating an original image to respective phase images using a statistical thresholding method for separating image parameters of bubbbles and particles. The present results obtained in the case where the bubble Reynolds number and average void fraction are less than 30 and 1.5%, respectively, confirm the large energy decay with a slope index steeper than -5/3 in the log-log diagram of energy spectrum in a high wavenumber region. An important relationship between the energy spectrum and the bubble-bubble interval distance is also detected.


Currently,the organic dyes are the one of main industrial pollutants.The degradation of dyes has been paid increasing attention.In this paper,Fe/CeO2 catalysts were prepared by sol-gel and impregnation method and the catalytic degradation properties toward Congo red were investigated.The structures of catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption.The results of characterizations show that the crystalline structure of CeO2 is unchanged by addition of transition metal Fe into CeO2 and Fe species display highly dispersed state.In the range of 5 ℃ to 35 ℃,the 2.0%(by mass) Fe/CeO2 catalyst for degradation of 10 mg/L azo dyes Congo red by catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation(CWPO) demonstrates highly catalytic activity.Furthermore,at room temperature(25 ℃),the degradation percentage of Congo red is 96% with the amount of 0.05 g catalyst and 0.02 mol/L H2O2(30%(by mass)) after reacting 40 min.At the same time,the repetitive experimental results of catalyst have shown that the catalyst displays excellent stability.


The intensity of tool wear in hot forging processes mainly depends on the conditions of the process and on the material from which a tool is made. The large number and variety of factors having an impact on die lifetime and their mutual interaction makes this a problem that is very difficult to analyze. This paper describes phenomena occurring on the surface of dies for hot open die upset forging. As an effect of long-term tool work, regardless of the number of produced forgings, the most intensive wear takes place at the point of longest contact with the forged material. Analysis of dimensions was conducted by scanning of tools' working surfaces. Next, a slice was collected for testing from each die. Characteristic areas were selected on the development of the tool's profile along its radius. Hardness measurement was performed in these areas, and the microstructure in the surface layer and changes in the surface were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Plastic defor22 Analiza zużycia wkładek do spęczania podczas kucia w warunkach przemysłowych Gronostajski Zbigniew, Zwierzchowski Maciej, Kaszuba Marcin, Marciniak Marcin. 2016. "Analiza zużycia wkładek do spęczania podczas kucia w warunkach przemysłowych". Obróbka Plastyczna Metali XXVII (1): 21–32. mation and thermomechanical fatigue are dangerous tool wear mechanisms during hot forging, which lead to the formation of small cracks. The further development of these cracks, conditioned by process parameters, interaction between the die and forging, and material flow rate, most often leads to the formation of a secondary network of cracks on the entire contact surface. In light of this study, the generally accepted view that the dominant mechanism of die destruction in hot forging processes is abrasive wear is called into question. It is shown that mechanisms such as: thermomechanical cracking, abrasive wear, and plastic deformations occur simultaneously from the very beginning of the process and may be (under specific conditions) of greater or lesser intensity.


Domestic water heater corresponds to 25% of the house energy consumption and can play an important role to reduce energy house expenses. Solar energy offers a preferred renewable energy resource because of its economic and environmental advantages. It is considered the best alternative to reduce domestic water heater energy consumption cost. Converting solar energy into heat can be considered among the simplest used systems. Solar thermal conversion is more efficient than solar electrical direct conversion method. Solar water heater systems are particularly easy to use and to repair. The integrated conical solar collector water heater (ICSCWH) is so far the easiest among water heating systems. The ICSCWH converts directly and efficiently the solar flux into heat. In order to expand the utilization of ICSCWH systems, many design modifications have been examined and analyzed. This study provides an experimental investigation and mathematical simulation of an ICSCWH system equipped with a glass cover resulting in the increase of the maximum absorption. Integrating the cone-shaped heat collector with an aluminum spiral pipe flow system may enhance the efficiency of the proposed system. In order to maximize the solar radiation of the system, the solar water heater has been designed in a conical shape, which removes the need to change its orientation toward the sun to receive the maximum sun radiation during the day. In this system, the heating of water has been obtained using the spiral pipe flow without the use of the solar cells and mirrors in order to reduce the total cost. The storage water tank of this system is coupled with a conical solar collector. Based on the above design, the solar water heater has been fabricated and tested. In addition, an analytical modeling approach aiming to predict the flow rate within the conical integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICSSWH) and its efficiency, was developed. Modeling through a numerical simulation approach based on energy equations was performed. Considering the entire water amount and the total area of the cone, the amount of water (facing the sun per unit absorbing area in the two symmetrical parts of the system) is found to increase, which is expected to reach a maximum water temperature at a high performance. Our experimental findings show that the daily performance is around 32% and the highest water temperature of about 45°C is obtained in the system at 4 pm, according to seasons and weather conditions. An efficient and simple mathematical simulation approach for the new conical solar water heater is described then validates using experimental data.


Objective: To explore the relationship between epidermal growth factor(EGF),gastrin,somatostatin and inflammatory cytokines and chronic gastritis(CG) in rats.Methods: Rats model of chronic gastritis were established,EGF,gastrin,somatostatin,IL-2,IL-4 and TNF-α from blood of CG model rats were measured by ELISA.Results: EGF,gastrin,IL-2 and TNF-α in model group were higher than those in normal control group.IL-4 was lower than those in normal control group,and there was no difference in somatostatin of normal model groups(P0.05).Conclusions: EGF,gastrin,somatostatin and inflammatory cytokines in blood of CG model rats are correlated with CG,which provides a certain experimental evidence for diagnosis and treatment of CG.


It is difficult to diagnose a main lesion of cervical spondylosis in consideration of neurological findings when there are several abnormal findings in cervical myelography. We could diagnose 12 cervical disc herniations correctly by CT myelography after cervical myelography and treated them by anterior spinal decompression and fusion. They recovered remarkably. Therefore, we reported 12 cases of cervical disc herniations and utility of CT myelography.


Dynamic ultrasound (US) guidance is an established practice standard for the placement of central venous catheters (CVCs) as it decreases mechanical complications and improves procedural success by both internal jugular and subclavian routes. However, despite clear advantages, complications of US-guided CVC placement still occur. Inadvertent arterial cannulation and posterior vessel wall puncture have been reported in both tissue phantom models and human subjects. As a result, real-time US visualization of the guidewire has been proposed as a means to confirm target vessel cannulation prior to dilation and CVC placement. In an effort to further improve patient safety and procedural success, we have developed the wire-in-needle (WIN) technique, a novel modification of the traditional Seldinger technique, wherein the introducer needle is "preloaded" with a guidewire prior to insertion through the skin. The needle is then advanced using an in-plane, long-axis technique until venous catheterization is visualized, after which the wire is advanced into the target vessel (Video Clip S1, available as supporting information in the online version of this paper). There are several advantages to this technique: 1. We find the manual dexterity associated with grasping the hub of the introducer needle to be far superior to grasping and simultaneously aspirating a syringe. 2. In the traditional approach, especially in patients with small-caliber vessels and significant respirophasic vessel diameters, we find that the needle tip is often dislodged from the target vessel when the syringe is detached prior to introducing the guidewire. In contrast, the WIN technique allows immediate placement of the guidewire in the target vessel after vessel penetration. 3. The preloaded introducer needle has a distinctly more visible US appearance (Figure 1), thus improving the operator's ability to visualize the needle as it progresses toward the target vessel.


Geological disasters not only on the transmission line operation and maintenance are a great threat, but also occurred geological disasters to the people, brings the serious economic loss of property and state government. We propose an algorithm based on depth convolutional neural network (CNN) and an improved region growing algorithm (RSG_R) method for detection of landslide intelligence. The first visible light transmission line inspection image establish landslide detection image data set; and then the CNN of the image data sets were detected, and get the image existence landslide set; finally use rsg_r algorithm to extract the discriminant information of the image elements of disaster disaster (area, boundary and center). The experimental results verify the validity and superiority of the algorithm in two aspects of detection accuracy and sensitivity.


A 72-year-old man was referred to our department for evaluation and treatment of pulmonary embolism by a foreign body. He underwent lumbar spine surgery for spinal canal stenosis. The surgeons noticed a piece of rubber catheter used to cover a tip of surgical suction was missing during procedures. Lumbar spinal X-ray taken in the operation room revealed the foreign body just anterior to the lumbar spine. The piece of catheter was thought to have migrated in the inferior vena cava …


Spinal cord injury is associated with a 3-fold risk of major depressive disorder compared to the general population. Current antidepressant therapy often is not as effective in this patient population, suggesting the need for a more efficacious therapeutic target. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of the inflammatory cytokine TNF in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN, the principle source of serotonin to the brain) in the development and possible treatment of depression after spinal cord injury (SCI). A depressive phenotype following moderate T9 contusion was identified in adult female rats using a battery of behavioral tests (forced swim test, sucrose preference test, novel object recognition test, open field locomotion, social exploration). Data revealed two clusters of injured rats (58%) that exhibit increased immobility in the forced swim test, indicating depressive phenotype or a melancholic-depressive phenotype with concomitant decreased in sucrose preference. Elevated TNF levels in the DRN of these two clusters correlated with increased immobility in the forced swim test. We then tested the efficacy of soluble TNF inhibition with XPro1595 treatment to prevent the depressive phenotype after SCI. Subcutaneous delivery of XPro1595 caused an exacerbation of depressive phenotype, with all treated clusters exhibiting increased forced swim immobility compared to saline treated non-depressed rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of the drug did not prevent or enhance the development of depression after injury. These results suggest a complex role for TNF-based neuroinflammation in SCI-induced depression that needs to be further explored, perhaps in conjunction with a broader targeting of additional post-SCI inflammatory cytokines.


For the rather numerous species, whose chromosomes exhibit little or no size differentiation, it is suggested that some guidance in a genetic analysis may be found in calculating the theoretical distribution of groupings of m genes among the n pairs of chromosomes, by adaptations of the binomial formula, (n-1/n+1/n)m. From these the geneticist may derive the expected proportion of chromosomes carrying 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ... m genes each; the approximate number of genes required to place at least one in each chromosome; the proportion of single and of linked genes; and the proportion of dihybrid combinations that will assort freely, or show linkage. In the tomato the observed groupings of the first 18 factors identified and located seem consistent with the assumption of their random distribution among the 12 pairs of approximately equal chromosomes. The distribution of known loci in Primula sinensis and the sweet pea also accord reasonably well with expectation.


Since the time it was pioneered in 1992, intravital imaging of tumors at cellular resolution has offered us the extremely important opportunity of "seeing biology". However, until now, most studies were monitoring tumor cell behavior in the same animal over short times, requiring the combining of acquired data into a hypothesis via statistical analysis. In the last several months, different groups have independently developed techniques to extend the time scale of intravital imaging to several days. This improvement allows one to address the connection between tumor cell behavior and the microenvironment which surrounds them. We can now assess dynamics of the cell-cell interactions in tumors, analyze tumor cell fate and changes in the tumor extracellular matrix which accompany tumor progression.


A Harrogate businessman who ran a popular town centre sandwich bar for more over a decade is in hog heaven after opening his latest catering venture! ...


Employing the Razumikhin technique, we present several criteria of input-to-bounded state stabilization and bounded-input-bounded-output stabilization in mean square for nonlinear and quasi-linear stochastic control systems with time-varying delay and time-varying uncertainties.


This chapter considers custom's function in colonial conquest, juxtaposing England's conquest-filled history, which emerges in Edmund Spenser and Gabriel Harvey's debate about the imposition of classical meter, or quantitative verse, on English verse, with English attempts at expansion in Ireland, the subject of Spenser's A View. I argue that their debate reveals the method by which the foreign becomes native via custom, a process that Spenser draws upon in order to justify his violent approach to conquering Ireland and imposing common law. At the same time, however, by exploring the history of Ireland's equally customary Brehon law, Spenser reveals the difficulty of establishing linguistic—and therefore political—chronologies within a global history that stretches beyond the vexed borders of Ireland and England.


In this work, we investigated the effects of various feeding treatments on the survival and growth of Huso huso and Acipenser persicus larvae during a 20-day culture period. Three replicate groups (250 fish/replicate) of first-feeding larvae were fed according to four main feeding regimes: (1) live food (live nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia urmiana); (2) indirect transition (5–7 days live food followed by gradual transition to formulated diet); (3) direct transition (using different combinations of live and formulated diet from the start feeding onwards); and (4) formulated feed (FD) from the start of feeding. In H. huso larvae, combining live food and manufactured diets (co-feeding) from the first feeding stage onwards (direct transition) resulted in significantly higher weight gain than the other regimes. Survival was significantly higher in H. huso larvae fed solely live food or the direct transition regimes compared with indirect transition and FD. In A. persicus larvae, growth and survival were higher in the indirect transition feeding regime than in the other regimes. On the basis of the results of this study, we recommend co-feeding of H. huso immediately from the commencement of exogenous feeding, but co-feeding of A. persicus should start 7 days after prior feeding with live food.


Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) experiments performed on nanometer-scale SiO2/water interfaces (aqueous colloidal suspensions) display finite, measurable signals. HRS is not constrained by the orientational, size, and/or charge restrictions inherent to conventional interfacial second harmonic generation (SHG) or electric-field-induced SHG measurements. Thus, apparently for the first time, the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) response of ultrasmall interfaces has been measured. pH- and electrolyte-dependent experiments show the response to be sensitive to changes in chemical composition at the silicon dioxide/solution interface. HRS provides detailed information about the surface of these technologically interesting and important particles in their native solution-phase environment.


The development of parameters for the modelling of four coordinate Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) porphyrins is described. The approach used was to reproduce as closely as possible the solid state structures of representative compounds. The previously-reported parameters for the modelling of iron porphyrins were revised so as to reproduce as closely as possible the average structure of the porphyrin core. Attention was then focussed on developing the appropriate M–L parameters (the strain free bond length, l0, and the bond stretching force constant, ks). The mean difference between the modelled and experimentally observed M–L bond lengths (the "error") was plotted simultaneously against l0 and ks, which were varied in a grid-like pattern using experimental design principles, to generate results in the form of an error response surface. The minimum on the surface represents the optimum values of the two parameters l0 and ks. Artificial neural networks were used to generate the error response surface from relatively few input data points in search for the minimum error. This principle was successful in modelling both planar and distorted structures of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II). However, the minimum on the error response surface for Zn(II) resulted in three of nine structures minimising into structures with conformations different from those found crystallographically. Alternative parameters, which gave a marginally greater error, were used and resulted in the correct modelling of the crystal structures used in this study.


The authors are developing a Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor (MAVS), a three-axis current meter that measures the differential acoustic-travel time in a small measurement volume. The requirements of this sensor are: low cost, small size, high accuracy, good cosine response to current direction, lack of bias in a wave environment, ability to measure turbulence and the Reynolds stress, resistance to fouling, ability to measure near a boundary, and accuracy at low current speeds. The sensor is a derivative of the Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor (BASS) which has been very successful at measuring currents, shear, and Reynolds stress. A first MAVS sensor prototype has been built and tested. The sensor was designed to reduce flow disturbance error when flows are steeper than thirty degrees from the horizontal. This paper describes performance measurements of the first prototype sensor. The sensor was towed in a tow tank to measure its accuracy and to characterize the vortex shedding noise inherent in any flow measurement made local to an ocean sensor. The first prototype was found to have better cosine response but more flow noise than BASS. A second prototype is now being built to have better cosine response than BASS and lower noise than the first prototype.


With firearms being a hot topic in today's society, law enforcement response time and crime scene investigation techniques have also become prominent areas of research to further improve upon. GLASS focuses on improving law enforcement response time and detailed record keeping of public shooting events. This project achieves these improvements by designing hardware specific to gunshot audio signal processing for triangulating gunshots and utilizing recognition software code to differentiate different gunshot signals. Keywords—Gunshot; gunfire; public safety; digital signal processing; analog design; digital design; multilateration; triangulation; security system; microprocessor; recognition; wifi;


The state of the art and future possibilities for semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLAs) are reviewed. Design criteria for improving SLA characteristics are clarified from the viewpoint of both material gain parameters and amplifier operating conditions. It is shown that essential amplifier characteristics for communications system applications are high saturation power and a small noise figure, which are achieved by traveling-wave semiconductor laser amplifiers (TWAs). Antireflection (AR) coating, angled facet structures, and window facet structures are discussed to reduce facet reflection for the fabrication of TWAs.<<ETX>>


Large capacitive energy storage systems are being implemented for powerful laser systems, electromagnetic launchers, and other pulsed power systems. Such MJ-class modularized capacitor banks individually require precise, reliable, costeffective, and robust closing switches for synchronous operation. The closing switch, under intense mechanical and thermal shocks imposed by the high peak current, must tolerate high charge transfer, and provide long service life. The most popular closing switches up to date are spark gaps due to relatively simple design, robustness, easily field maintenance and repair. Main drawback of spark gaps is limited lifetime, which is related directly or indirectly to erosion of the electrodes. Various types of switches have been introduced, which utilize principle of arc motion in a magnetic field, thus effectively decreasing the current density on the switch electrodes. This report deals with numerical calculations of arc motion and electrodes erosion in rail spark gap. Results of numerical calculations are compared with experimental results in the report. Conditions for reduced electrodes erosion are defined.


In this era, knowledge is recognized as the critical element for organizations to achieve competitive advantage. However individuals hoard their knowledge due to some factors. This research aimed to study the influences of individual and psychological factors, organizational factors and technological factor on the knowledge sharing intention by using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as the theoretical framework. The quantitative survey was conducted on 177 academic staffs from 13 faculties of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru Campus. The Spearman's coefficient correlation, multiple regression analysis and mediation analysis were used to test the research objectives. The correlation analyses results showed that 9 out of 11 hypotheses were supported. The research finding was consistent with Theory of Planned Behaviour where attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control collectively explained 50.6 percent variance of knowledge sharing intention. The results of regression analysis showed that the most significant knowledge sharing intention predictor were attitude and perceived behavioural control; the most dominant predictor of attitude were anticipated reciprocal relationship, trust and knowledge self-efficacy; the most dominant predictor of subjective norm was affiliation; and the predictor of perceived behavioural control was controllability of ICT. The proposed theoretical framework was overall supported by the mediation analysis results, in which 7 out of 8 hypotheses were supported. From theoretical perspective, this research proffers a comprehensive perspective on examine knowledge sharing intention by clarifying and rearranging the factors. From practical perspective, the findings could increase the understanding about factors influencing knowledge sharing intention and highlighted the team-task-based task approach for enabling the organization to formulate complementary strategies in cultivating knowledge sharing culture. Future research could investigate the moderating effect of gender, age, race, working experience and other factors on knowledge sharing intention.


The control parameters of AVC system are the key to ensure the stable operation of power grid dispatching automation system. This paper presents an adaptive adjustment and optimization method of control parameters of AVC system. Taking Qinghai regional power grid as an example, the research results show that the new method can effectively reduce the system network loss, improve the voltage quality and reduce the reactive power flow.


SYNOPSIS.

At room temperature (˜20 C) the concentration of 1 mg/liter of chromium, as CrO 3, and a 3–h exposure were the conditions at which most Euglena gracilis survived. Euglena subjected to 31.5 ± 0.5 C for 1 h, then cooled to room temperature and treated with Cr, was as sensitive to 0.001 mg/liter as to 10 mg liter. When simultaneously subjected to 31.5 ± 0.5 C and Cr, survival of Euglena was 50% at concentrations down to 0.001 mg/liter by the end of 3 h.


The study history of public security was summarized by literature and case analysis. The current public security causes of sport Mega-events had such characteristic whose cause was complicated,the speed of spreading was wide,the investment was high and the impaction was so far-reaching. Based on the characteristic and new situation,the multi-disciplinary theoretical framework of public security management was proposed. The results were that security sociological theoretical framework focused on recessive social security issues of sporting events,risk management theoretical framework focused on public safety warning itself,feedback and handling etc.,and that urban geography theoretical framework focused on solving security issues between the sports events and the natural and the venues environment.


A comparison of multielement atomic spectroscopic methods is given. The atomic spectroscopic methods, including atomic absorption flame and nonflame spectrometry, atomic fluorescence flame and nonflame spectrometry, and atomic emission spectrometry (including sources consisting of flames, inductively coupled plasmas, and microwave plasmas) are reviewed and compared especially with respect to their inherent advantages and disadvantages for multielement analysis. The types of optical detection systems, including temporal devices, spatial devices, and multiplex devices whether the spectral information is collected sequentially, simultaneously in parallel mode, or simultaneously in multiplexed mode are also compared with respect to their advantages and limitations for measuring atomic spectra and for multielement analysis. In this review, a comparison of atomic spectroscopic methods and optical detection devices is given. The comparison is given with respect to signal-to-noise ratio, experimental limits of detection, and other practical analytical figures of merit. It is hoped that this review will aid the analyst in selecting a multielement atomic method for trace analysis and especially make the analyst aware of the unavoidable tradeoffs in such a selection.


Reputation systems offer web service consumers an effective solution for selecting web service providers who meet their Quality of Service (QoS) expectations. A reputation system computes the reputation of a provider as an aggregate of the feedback submitted by consumers. Truthful feedback is clearly a pre-requisite for accurate reputation scores. However, it has been observed that users of a reputation system often hesitate in providing truthful feedback, mainly due to the fear of reprisal from target entities. We present a privacy preserving reputation protocol that enables web service consumers to provide feedback about web service providers in a private and thus uninhibited manner.


This communication presents a new approach to implement planar antipodal Vivaldi antenna design. A nature fern inspired fractal leaf structure is implemented here. Impedance bandwidth (−10 dB) of the proposed antenna is around 19.7 GHz starting from 1.3 to 20 GHz. The lower operating frequency of this antenna is reduced by 19% with the second iteration as compared to the first iteration of fractal leaf structure. The prototype antenna is fabricated and tested in frequency as well as in time domains to obtain various transfer characteristics along with common antenna parameters. Experimental results show that good wideband feature, stable radiation pattern, and promising group delay of less than 1 ns signatures are obtained, which agree well with the simulated data. The miniaturized proposed antenna structure becomes an attractive choice in microwave imaging applications because of its ultrawide fractional bandwidth at 175%, high directive gain of 10 dBi, and finally appreciably large fidelity factor above (>90%).


A mathematical expression based on the Newton interpolation of difference coefficient and calculus of differences was described for the prediction of relative atomic mass. In its application to the calculation of relative atomic mass of elements with atomic numbers from 113 to 114, combining residual formula correction highly precise results were obtained. The results were in good consistency with the experimental 278 and 289 values given in the references~ [5,7] .


An architecture of the solid phase of chitin gel was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the xerogel was microporous with parallel channels surrounded with membranous walls. The pore shapes at cross section were polyhedral with three walls at the junctions. The pore was 30–50 μm in diameter and 80–300 μm in length, and the thickness of the walls was less than 1.5 μm. The gel is considered to be a polyphasic gel, consisting of small droplets of water held up in these pores.