Mobile cloud service subscribers acquire and produce both simple and complex services resulting in tremendous amounts of stored data. Increasing demand for complex services coupled with limitations in current mobile networks has led to the generation of cloud service composition solutions. In this paper, we introduce a cloud mobile subscriber data caching method that allows cloud subscribers to retrieve data in a faster and more efficient way. The solution also allows the retrieval of user-specific composed data through a service-specific overlay (SSO) composition technique.Additionally, a Workflow-net based mathematical framework called Secure Workflownet is proposed to enhance security attributes of SSOs. Simulation results show increased successful file hit ratio and demonstrate how task coverage is achieved in an adequate timely manner when constructing service composition workflows.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the main Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) projects proceeded by Turkey and to reveal the future targets and the status of Turkey among the countries securing enhanced UAV experience. Design/methodology/approach – The historical development and the future of the UAV systems are analyzed by using the roadmaps, and reports about the UAV market. Findings – It is found that the development and the production of indigineous UAV systems/subsystems will reduce the costs, and enable Turkey to be independent with respect to when, where, and how to use its own UAV systems. Originality/value – This study provides historical context for recent developments in UAV sector in Turkey and presents some proposals for the future of the market.


In this article, a scalable knowledge-based neural network (KBNN) large-signal model of gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with accurate trapping and self-heating effects characterization is developed. An improved empirical drain current model is proposed and added to the neural network as prior knowledge, thereby establishing the drain current model, including self-heating effect. A new empirical equation is proposed to model the buffer-related trapping effect more accurately. Taking Angelov capacitance models as prior knowledge, the KBNN capacitance models are completed. Moreover, the scaling characteristics of the proposed KBNN model are studied. The developed model has been fully verified by different sizes of GaN HEMTs. Good agreement between the model simulation results and the measurement data, including current–voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters, power characteristics, and load-pull data, confirms the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed scalable KBNN model is fast and accurate and would be useful for accurate large-signal modeling of large gate periphery GaN HEMTs for high-power radio frequency (RF) applications.


Objective To derive human whole-genome DNA from peripheral venous blood of healthy people,to amplify the full-length genes of LL-37,to insert the prokaryotic expressing vector pQE-30 and to obtain the recombinant expression vector pQE-30/LL-37.Methods To derive human whole-genome DNA from the peripheral venous blood of healthy person by the means of NaI,and then the full-length genes of LL-37 will be amplified from the template of the acquired human whole-genome DNA.After the reAbstraction of the restriction endonuclease from the agarose,LL-37 will be bonded with pQE-30.Results High quality human whole-genome DNA is obtained,and the recombinant vector pQE-30/LL-37 is constructed successfully.Conclusion Producing antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by the biologic method may be a promising industry,as the construction of antimicrobial peptide recombinant vector pQE-30/LL-37 can serve as a foundation to the further research.


This article describes the construction and use of an yttrium 90 applicator in the treatment of a patient with Queyrat's erythroplasia, or Bowen's disease, of the glans penis (Blau and Hyman, 1955). H.B., aged 66, was admitted to The London Hospital in May 1966 complaining of a red area on the glans penis for about four months. There was no pain or irritation; he had been circumcised in childhood. A biopsy was taken from the region of the corona and this was reported as follows: "Inflamed area of irregular epithelial overgrowth rather nearer Erythroplasia of Queyrat than Balanitis Circumscripta of Zoon. The inflammation on the deep surface appears to be related to surface polymorph infiltration and is absent locally. Abnormal epithelial cells are not frequent, although there are many mitoses." The patient was referred to the radiotherapy department on 2.6.66. On examination there was a scaly red non-indurated plaque 4 × 3 cm on the dorsum of the glans penis extending from the urethral meatus to the post-c...


In the present study, microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behaviour of AA6082 alloy reinforced with Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and graphite (Gr) surface hybrid composites produced via friction stir processing have been investigated. Vol.% of Y2O3 particles was varied (2, 4 and 6 vol.%) while the graphite content was kept at as 4 vol.%. Microstructure of synthesized composites revealed uniform distribution of Y2O3 + Gr particles accompanied by a significant reduction in grain size. Microhardness of the composites was found to be 40% higher than the matrix alloy and tensile strength of the composites increased with increase in vol.% of Y2O3 with a marginal decrease in ductility. Wear test results along with SEM micrographs of worn out surface of composites and matrix alloy were compared and correlated with their hardness. Hybrid composites showed better wear resistance.


Purpose
This study aims to initiate an investigation into the drop-out rate from building information modelling (BIM) courses.

Design/Methodology/Approach
During 2017-2018, BIM courses (16 weeks) have been developed as active learning modules. Peer instruction was used to engage students and improve the overall student's performance. Students' activity data were captured and analysed based on study groups and suggested study module completion dates.

Findings
By mapping students' activity data against suggested completion date at various assessment milestones revealed a possible degradation of motivation throughout the course which, in turn, may have been a possible cause of drop-out.

Research Limitations/Implications
This paper presents ongoing research and a preliminary understanding about peer instruction effectiveness in BIM-related subjects as high intensity courses. It investigates whether a student's active participation can improve their motivation to acquire a subject's learning outcomes and reduce the drop-out.

Practical Implications
The peer instruction methodology that is used here is quite universal and can be successfully applied to various other subjects to increase the student's involvement in the course.

Originality/Value
Results are drawn based on students' involvement at the high intensity course and show the gradual increase of a learner's motivation once they get continuous support from fellow learners and a teacher.


The gate threshold current of an inverter thyristor (1300 V, 420 A average) was measured as a function of decreasing temperature between 25 degrees C and -180 degrees C. The requirements for successful gating of thyristors are examined. It is shown that, as the temperature falls below about 225 K, the values of the theoretical alphas begin to increase. The rate of increase of the alphas accelerates as the temperature decreases. This form of the alpha suggests that it should be easier to turn the device on at lower temperatures. The measured gate current required to cause the thyristor to latch on has been shown to decrease as the temperature falls; in addition, the gate-current decreases most rapidly at the lowest temperature considered. Consequently, the measured gate current and the alphas show good qualitative agreement at temperatures below 225 K.<<ETX>>


The goal of this work is the separation and recovery of platinum and palladium from spent catalyst. The recovery consisted of separating the maximum amount of platinum and palladium from catalysts and changing them into usable forms. The petroleum and petrochemical units use Pt and Pd catalyst for reactions such as reforming and hydrogenation. Because these materials contain valuable metals, such as Pt and Pd, these metals should be recycled. Based on economic reasons and the high price of new catalysts, petrochemical companies should solve this problem. The new method in this work may help to recover these metals from spent catalyst. This method may help solve several environmental problems. In this work, the recovery of platinum and palladium from petroleum catalysts has been studied using spent catalysts. Two catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, and AAS. Aqua regia, used as a leaching agent, and the effect of dissolution temperature and time, Liquid/Solid (L/S) ratio, size of particles, and elimination of coke were also investigated. Under optimized conditions, the leaching process was done with 98% efficiency. Recovery of platinum and palladium from the leached solutions was done by the adsorption process with Activated Carbon (AC) in an environmentally friendly manner. According to the results, the optimum operating conditions for platinum and palladium removal by activated carbon were a temperature of a solution of 85 and 98℃, pH = 0.5 and 2, time of adsorption 180 and 150 min and adsorbent loading capacity = 18.75 mgPt/gAC and 12.5 mgPd/gAC, respectively. The activated carbon containing platinum and palladium was decomposed by ignition to produce platinum and palladium powder with commercial purity of 96.5% and 96.3% respectively.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) and GDP on unemployment in Indonesia during period 1990-2014. The research method used is a quantitative method of time series data. The data used in this study is a secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau Statistic Indonesia (CBS). Log linear regression analysis method with the method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of this study are foreign direct investment has significantly effect and negative to the unemployment as big as -0.88. Where the FDI by 1 percent will lead to decrease unemployment rate about 0.88 percent. Gross domestic product are significant negative to unemployment as big as -1.90. Where the GDP by 1 percent will lead to lessen unemployment about 1.90 percent.

Keywords: FDI, GDP, Unemployment, and OLS


INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease has become a public health concern in India as about 100,000 end stage renal disease cases are reported annually [1]. Increased cardiovascular risk is associated with chronic kidney disease [2]. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are produced by mitochondria, phagocytes, vessel walls, nonphagocytic cells like glomerular cells, tubular cells mainly in the cortex of the kidney [3,4]. It can be produced in different areas of the kidney but mainly in the cortex [5,6]. Oxidative stress develops when there is an imbalance in the steady-state of prooxidants to antioxidants where, the bioactive oxidation products greatly overwhelm the total capacity of endogenous antioxidants to neutralise it [7].


Author describes military and special supercomputer centers and networks by example CT-2. Work on highly productive and promising SC with a globally addressable memory and multi-thread architecture is carried out within the framework of the CT-2 project. The eponymous supercomputer belongs to the class of strategic supercomputers. The code name used is CT-2 (full name Qin Tao -2) - this is the idiom in the Chinese name "The main project in the interests of special studies of military intelligence of the Ministry of Defense of China". Due to using of massive multi-thread streaming architecture increased tolerance to delays in performing operations with memory and the network, effectively support working with program models in the form of static graphs of data flows. Because of this, it will successfully cope with the processing in real time of multiple data streams and work effectively through a single address space with a huge memory capacity of several tens of petabytes, even in the mode of intensive irregular work with it, it will have exceptional fault tolerance and availability. The amount of available memory for the user program is 32PB, the physical memory is 64PB, which is done for hot standby. According to information received in 2011, the initially massive multi-thread microprocessor CT-2 with asynchronous threads for information systems has also become hybrid, it has enhanced numerical processing power - SIMD operations on short vectors have been introduced, as well as elements of modern graphic processors in the form of synchronous threads.


We propose the laser accelerometer for guidance and navigation as component for control systems. The linear laser has been sued to provide the sensitive light standing wave - baghron - in the proposed sensor. The custom optical components and the photodiode have been used to convert an interference pattern intensity signal to a reading of the acceleration. The main goal of the proposed efforts is to demonstrate the ability of the sensor to measure on the vehicle an acceleration of an irregular movement with respect to an inertial system in wide working range. Proposed sensor is being without any dead zone or hysteresis on output characteristics, it doesn't measure the gravity without motion and could be used in a large number of important applications. There are not in the accelerometer any parameters of the resonator attached/fixed with the object to be measured, which would be altering during the movement of the object. There is not any moving part or tensioned element in the proposed accelerometer defended with the US patent No 5,652,390. Date of patent: July 29, 1997. Class: 073-657.000.


Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder that presents itself with no apparent medical explanation for the pain. Functional alterations of neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA) have been implicated in fibromyalgia neuropathology. It is not known how central dopamine function in pain is associated with objective peripheral measurements that are thought to be associated with the presence of pain and stress. Galvanic skin response (GSR), is a physiological measure of nervous system activation. GSR is a simple and non-invasive method that can be used concurrently with other behavioral and physiological tests, and could potentially give insight to novel aspects of dopamine function. In this study, GSR was recorded from fibromyalgia patients (FM) and healthy controls (HC) while they underwent scanning with [F]fallypride (FAL) Positron Emission Tomography (PET). FAL is a D2/D3 DA receptor antagonist that is sensitive to changes in DA levels in the brain. Given the involvement of DA in cognitive processes, FAL PET can be used to examine baseline DA activity as well as changes from baseline during cognitive load tasks. Each subject received two FAL PET scans under two task conditions (working memory or attentional control). Relationships between GSR and working memory load, acute pain, and DA function were studied and compared between FM and HC. Preliminary analyses have identified putative correlations between DA signal in the brain and GSR levels.


Political theorists have long been fascinated by the problems of political stability. Aristotle, for instance, devoted two books of his Politics to the subject.1 But the past two decades have witnessed renewed interest, stimulated by the repeated breakdown of order in many developing countries and by the growing challenge to authority in most developed ones. Recent work on political stability almost always treats it as a dependent variable. It tries to explain the underlying and proximate causes of political unrest, with the goals of predicting where revolutionary change is likely and of suggesting policies that would enable existing regimes to retain authority. This focus on the causes of instability is taken by scholars using a variety of paradigms, such as Huntington, who argues from an institutional perspective that instability results when demands exceed a political system's capacity,2 the Feierabends and Gurr, who explain instability in social psychological terms as the result of frustration and perceived deprivation,3 and Hibbs, who employs factor analytic techniques to identify the social, economic, and political dimensions associated with political instability.4 Even radical analysts share this tendency to see stability as an effect rather than a cause, in their case as the result of economic factors such as dependency or slowing industrialization.5 Surprisingly little empirical research has treated political stability as an independent variable that influences other important socioeconomic processes. One explanation for this gap in the literature may be that most scholars hold stability to be intrinsically valuable and thus are not drawn to study its effects as rigorously as its causes. Both supporters and critics of established regimes are likely to view political peace and security as goals worth attaining in their own right. There is a second factor for the lack of research on the independent effects of political stability. It is that most social scientists simply assume stability has instrumental economic value. They tend to believe it is a necessary condition for growth and prosperity, but rarely feel a need to test this proposition.6 The reason is obvious: people are encouraged to invest and trade when they are confident in the future, and few things seem more likely to undermine business and consumer confidence than the prospect of political unrest and sudden changes in the economic "rules of the game." Using the language of systems theory, Holt and Turner sum up as follows the conventional wisdom about the political basis for economic development.


In this paper we present various new insights on the effect intrinsic joint elasticity has on safety in pHRI. We address the fact that the intrinsic safety of elastic mechanisms has been discussed rather one sided in favor of this new designs and intend to give a more differentiated view on the problem. An important result is that intrinsic joint elasticity does not reduce the Head Injury Criterion or impact forces compared to conventional actuation with some considerable elastic behavior in the joint, if considering full scale robots. We also elaborate conditions under which intrinsically compliant actuation is potentially more dangerous than rigid one. Furthermore, we present collision detection and reaction schemes for such mechanisms and verify their effectiveness experimentally.


A solution was proposed to reform the traditional hydraulic presses by the technology of pump-controlled servo hydraulic power: PMSM(Permanent magnet synchronous servo motor ) and fixed displacement pump replaced the traditional inductive motor and fixed displacement pump as the power unit ; the electromagnetic reversing system, the rapid cylinder and the prefill system were kept; displacement sensors, pressure sensors and a proportional relief valve were added to the hydraulic system. A deep drawing process was taken as an example to analyze the energy consumption by experiments. The results indicated that in the same conditions the pump-controlled servo hydraulic press reached more than 20% energy saving effect in comparison with the traditional hydraulic press and had higher power factor. The main reasons for energy saving are the PMSM has higher efficiency and power factor, and the overflow loss, the standby loss are decreased.


According to a new CDC report, Pfizer has discontinued distribution of spectinomycin (Trobicin) in the U.S. This drug was previously recommended for


The application of lasers for welding and joining has increased steadily over the past decade with the advent of high powered industrial laser systems. Attributes such as high energy density and precise focusing allow high speed processing of precision assemblies. Other characteristics of the process such as poor coupling of energy due to highly reflective materials and instabilities associated with deep penetration keyhole mode welding remain as process limitations and challenges to be overcome. Reflective loss of laser energy impinging on metal surfaces can in some cases exceed ninety five percent, thus making the process extremely inefficient. Enhanced coupling of the laser beam can occur when high energy densities approach the vaporization point of the materials and form a keyhole feature which can trap laser energy and enhance melting and process efficiency. The extreme temperature, pressure and fluid flow dynamics of the keyhole make control of the process difficult in this melting regime. The authors design and model weld joints which through reflective propagation and concentration of the laser beam energy significantly enhance the melting process and weld morphology. A three dimensional computer based geometric optical model is used to describe the key laser parameters and joint geometry. Ray tracing is used to compute the location and intensity of energy absorption within the weld joint. Comparison with experimentation shows good correlation of energy concentration within the model to actual weld profiles. The effect of energy concentration within various joint geometry is described. This method for extending the design of the laser system to include the weld joint allows the evaluation and selection of laser parameters such as lens and focal position for process optimization. The design of narrow gap joints which function as energy concentrators is described. The enhanced laser welding of aluminum without keyhole formation has been demonstrated.


A fuel cell system including a humidification system is described. The humidification system employs a recycling system that recycles relatively humid gas exhausted from a multistage fuel cell stack, either on the anode and/or cathode side, and sends this relatively humid gas back to be combined with relatively dry supply gas, such as but not limited to hydrogen and/or air. The humidified supply gas mixture is then reintroduced into the first stage of the multistage fuel cell stack. A recirculation device, such as but not limited to a pump and/or an ejector, can be used to aid in moving the humid exhaust gas back through a recycle gas line to be combined with the supply gas.


Creative writing has an important place in the educational institutions. It is ignored in Pakistani English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms. This study was designed to investigate the condition of creative writing skills of 9 graders. This study had been started with the review of the literature; many studies were found which analyzed different aspects of creative writing in ELT classrooms. A need was felt to see the condition of the four levels of creative writing namely descriptive writing, narrative writing, story writing, and functional writing among the secondary school level students. A sample of 238 students was selected from North and South of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Six classes from govt. and private sector schools were the sample.The major objectives of the study were to explore the condition of the above mentioned levels of creative writing in teaching of English at secondary level. Four tasks for creative writing were adapted from the Cambridge University O-level examinations and were piloted at a smaller group. These tasks constituted the achievement test. The tests were marked qualitatively with the help of scoring rubrics by using the method of 'analytic scoring'. The scores in creative writing test were rechecked and verified by the concerned teachers for inter-rater reliability. The results of the study showed that the creative writing skills among the secondary school students are dissatisfactory. In the end it was recommended that teachers should use communicative approach while teaching English language in secondary level classrooms. It was also recommended that the examination papers should have some unseen tasks to enhance the creative writing skills of secondary school students.


Introduction. Intracranial aneurysm is the most common type of brain vascular defects. Their treatment is based on excluding vascular malformation from circulation. Endovascular methods are being performed more and more often. Aim. Evaluation of the results of therapeutic management of patients treated endovascularly for cerebral aneurysm. Material and Methods. The study involved 49 patients with a diagnosed brain aneurysm qualified for endovascular treatment (embolization, stent). Standardized research tools were used: GCS, H&H, GOS, SWF. The examination was carried out twice on one patient: on the day of admission and discharge from the ward. The collected material was statistically processed. Results. Most of the respondents were women — 74%. Almost 61% of patients had non-cracked aneurysm. In 41% embolization was performed, and in 39% embolization with a stent. The aneurysm site was associated with the GCS score at discharge χ2(8) = 15.64; p < 0.05; V = 0.40. Marital status was associated with SWF in the assessment 2: χ2(9) = 19.18; p < 0.05; V = 0.36. The state of consciousness of the patients had no significant impact on the scope of their functioning: GCS Z = 0.42; p = 0.675 and SWF Z = 0.40; p = 0.689. Conclusions. The clinical condition of patients with cerebral aneurysm varies depending on the stage of treatment, admission mode and type of aneurysm. Only the professional situation and marital status of the examined persons influenced the functional state and the final assessment of patients' treatment. (JNNN 2020;9(1):3–11)


many of these modified operations, more particularly for neuroses. He states that now the use of these "limited cuts" has entirely transformed clinical possibilities of leucotomy. By 1944, with Slater, he was already able to stress as a result of their early finding that "for each patient a minimum of brain tissue must be destroyed that will produce the desired clinical effect" and that "the operative skill of the surgeon is required to ensure that the operation is not so extensive and destructive" as to produce unnecessary and undesirable sequelre. The various modified procedures that have been attempted are many, and it is not necessary to go into the details of individual procedures here. 'However, Sargant states that it is no longer as easy to believe those who have suggested that the thing that really matters is the quantitative amount of brain damage done in the prefrontal lobe rather than its actual site. His own clinical impressions increasingly support Fulton's work on animals that the more the surgeon keeps to the inferior medial quadrant, the safer things are. The further the surgeon ventures from this area, the more likely is he to run into undesirable sequelee, though the farther forward the damage, the better. Especially for patients with broad foreheads, the cutting of fibres in this area by a lateral approach may be difficult, unless special techniques are employed, and many patients still showing tension after an apparently full cut may be, in fact, those in whom important fibres in this quadrant have unfortunately been missed. Quantitative factors in the cut are also very important, but Sargant believes that it will be finally shown that to obtain the best clinical results with a minimum of undesirable sequelee in neuroses, the site of the operation is more important still. That may be the reason, he states, why Freeman's new deep frontal cut, in which the transorbital route is used, is apparently achieving many successes in the United States, since it produces its maximum damage in just this lower medial area of the frontal lobe. There are also far fewer psychotic patients than is generally supposed who need to pay the price of a full posterior cut for their release from a mental hospital, though the deliberate production of emotional blunting is necessary in some. According to Bargant, one can now promise the properly selected patient that, barring accidents, he will certainly not come to great harm, though total relief of distressing symptoms may not be as dramatic and certain. With increasing surgical skill and modified operations accidents are becoming relatively fewer; and, like death from the operation, because of their increasing rarity, they need not now weigh too prominently in the final decision. Provided the right clinical indications are present, operations can be performed if necessary on patients with intractable psychosomatic states, anxiety hysteria, and anxiety and depressive states associated with obsessive personalities. Such patients will also often do much better than severe obsessionals for wltom a more extensive operation may be necessary, as for the chronic psychotic, to reniove symptoms making life intolerable. One finding is described as having been consistently true in the past ten years: "The more worried you become about subjecting a well-preserved neurotic patient to a modified leucotomy because the basic personality remains good, the better he will do." The unhappy results will be in patients for whom an operation has been recommended more lightheartedly because their personality was not so well preserved, and there was so much less to lose. Patients should be chosen from the best rather than the worst clinical material. Sargant also lists a number of other principles that need to be observed if disaster is to be avoided. He stresses the importance of having all other methods of treatment available for trial first, and the value of a long period of preliminary study of the patient as an in-patient. One important point should be noted in the light of some of the severe criticisms of the results of earlier operations. Sargant states that if anterior and limited cuts are used, conventional, religious and ethical values are rarely irrevocably lost. Nevertheless, he points out that the previous personality must be taken into consideration in final judgements on such issues, as socially undesirable traits not recognized before operation can be enhanced in certain instances even by limited cuts. One particular modified operation, orbital leucotomy, comes in for interesting discussion by P. Macdonald Tow and Walpole Lewin from the Nuffield Department of Surgery in the University of Oxford.' Orbital leucotomy is an open operation and consists of a horizontal incision in the white matter just above the orbital cortex. Tow and Lewin state that of 20 patients with various psychiatric disorders operated on two years ago, seven have recovered from the disorder, and eight more have improved. There was no death due to the operation. They discuss the issue raised by Sargant, namely the relative importance of the amount of cerebral tissue destroyed and the particular area. involved. They state that there is still no sure clinical guide to what exactly should be cut in individual clinical syndromes, and there is still no decisive evidence about the relative merits and demerits of the different incisions. In practice there has developed an attitude of caution towards the major operation, but with great uncertainty about what to use in its place. They refer to a suggestion of Sargant and Slater that where it is possible to conduct the operation in stages it is best to start anteriorly, a second and more posterior cut being possible if the first does not produce the desired effect. Thinking on these lines, however, Tow and Lewin suggest that it may be more informative to make the first incision in a definitely selected part of the frontal lobe. A suitable part is the whole of one surface. They have found that the effective orbital leucotomy seems to be at least as good as that of standard leucotomy but with fewer undesirable complications. Their results in a typical but small group of cases compare well with clinical results after the standard operation. There appears to be far less likelihood of any permanent physical complications or of any serious damage to the personality. They regard the operation as worthy of further trial in some cases in which relatively major surgery is thought necessary for the treatment of mental illness. For impulsive and Violently disturbed active psychotics, and for patients SUffering from chronic affective disorders with great tension and anxiety, it may be the operation of first choice after all non-surgical treatments have failed.


While maintaining the electronic equipment, or while making and debugging the electronic equipment, often bring the trouble to work because of being unable to judge the quality of the ic. YB3118 ic test system with the computer can test TTL , CMOS , GAL , RAM , EPROM , CPU and programming device. This text has introduced the composition principle, technical feature of this system, and two kinds of methods of expanding the systematic component storehouse mainly (the visual to build storehouse, DCTL language builds the storehouse). Making readers deeply understand the system and fully used the system.


The World Health Organization (WHO) has made considerable efforts to reduce citizens' exposure to community noise in urban and suburban areas [...]


It is shown that the fundamental equations for two-dimensional steady flows of an inviscid, compressible, perfectly conducting gas with aligned magnetic field are reduced to the corresponding ones without magnetic field by making use of a suitable transformation. In the hodograph plane of these reduced variables, characteristics, a family of exact solutions as well as shock relations are studied in a way similar to the case of ordinary gasdynamics. Numerical calculations are made for the spiral flow. The shock polar equation is also obtained, with special reference to a few typical shock waves characteristic to magnetogasdynamics.


The condensing devices of steam turbine plants considerably determine the reliable and economical operation of NPP power units. In some cases, breakdowns in their operation result in a forced decrease in the electric capacity of the power unit and a decline in the reliability, as well as in a significant underproduction of electric power. The main reason determining the necessity to modernize the condensers is the damage to the metal in different sections of the cooling tubes, caused by erosion-corrosion under the influence of the turbulent flow of the cooling water saturated with oxygen, as well as presence of solid particles and other contaminants, which results in the breakage of the water density of the tube systems, leakage of copper into the cycle of the turbine unit and, in the long run, in the loss of the turbine electric power, the reduction in resource and deterioration of the operational reliability of the auxiliary equipment and steam generators, which, finally, sharply worsens the performance of the NPP. A system of separate modules of complete factory readiness with assembled cooling tubes has been created, which made it possible to design a new generation 'block-modular' condenser, which provides high technical and economic indicators in a wide range of operating modes with the subsequent increase in turbine unit electrical power across the generator terminals through deepening the estimated steam pressure. Cooling tubes and external plates made of corrosion resistant materials are used in the condenser design, which increases reliability, efficiency, safety and prolongs the unit's service life. The condenser design allows for the withdrawal of the uncondensed vapor-air mixture from the tube bundle and the complete condensation of the vapor coming from the turbine LPCs.


The Public Health services are closest related with the human develop. The strong relation between population health and labor productivity is determining the historical economic develop and the real capability to make sustainable the economic develop. Few sectors have an extensive and strong relation with the human develop as the Public Health. The health policies may insider over the whole population and can determine which population sector can access to the health services and the real dimension from the effective demand from these services too.


Cumulative effects of railroad loadings of short duration; wood then exhibits greater strength than when loads are of long sustaining nature; if short load durations are repeated they can accumulate to several years duration; tests show that present concept of cumulative loading time can be revised; live load stresses in trestle stringers may accumulate to less than one year during service life rather than more than 10 yr currently in use.


This study investigated the effect of caffeine on antigen-stimulated lymphocyte activation. Six males rested for 3.5 h after ingesting 0 (PLA), 2, or 6 (6CAF) mg·kg(-1) body mass of caffeine. The number of antigen-stimulated NK CD69(+) cells increased in 6CAF at 1 h compared with PLA (P = 0.021). Caffeine did not influence the number of antigen-stimulated CD69(+) T cells or the geometric mean fluorescence intensity expression of CD69 on antigen-stimulated lymphocytes, suggesting caffeine has little effect on antigen-stimulated lymphocyte activation.


In this paper, we characterize the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air-to-air (A2A) channel for an 802.11-based low altitude network based on a preliminary measuring result over user datagram protocol (UDP) throughput, latency, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), and pack loss, via various field experiments. Latency and pack loss are strongly related to the stability of flight; while the UDP throughput and RSSI shows a related variation trend in terms of the communication distance and altitude. A modified model based on the classical log-distance path loss (PL) model is introduced to describe propagation path loss, demonstrating the decreasing trend of multi-path effect and shadow fading with an increase in altitude. The simulation work is done to specifically show the characterization of A2A channels based on UAVs in short distance and low altitude environment.


Bribery crime has been strictly punished in China,but it is far from disappearing.Currently,the cases concerning bribery crime are prevailing and the problem of whether to convict sexual bribery as a criminal crime has aroused the attention of the whole society.This paper explores the bribery crime from the objective perspective,and holds that the bribery should consist of not only property and other interests which could be directly evaluated in terms of currency,but also a variety of intangible interests.


The acquisition of [PART+AUX] and [AUX+PART] word order in Flanders. A descriptive, methodological and theoretical addition to

 Meyer & Weerman (2016
 )

 This paper presents new data on the acquisition of verb clusters in Flemish children. The data were collected by means of a sentence repetition task and the results are in line with the development path for verb clusters in Dutch children as proposed by Meyer & Weerman (2016). While Flemish children also show a development from more 2-1 orders in the youngest group to more 1-2 orders in the older group, this development seems to happen more slowly in Flemish children than in Dutch children. In spite of the fact that the results of both the Flemish and the Dutch study refute an analysis that takes the input adult language as the main factor in verb cluster formation in children, the Flemish data suggest that the higher frequency of 2-1 orders in the Flemish context could help to explain why 1-2 orders are acquired more slowly in Flemish children than Dutch children. In addition, this paper also discusses the results of a production test in Flanders that shows a high preference for 2-1 orders until the age of 7, thus questioning the type of linguistic skills that are assessed in a sentence repetition task.


All eyes are on the Riemann's hypothesis, zeta and L-functions, which are false, read this paper. The Euler product converges absolutely over the whole complex plane. Using factorization method we can prove that Riemamn's hypothesis and conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer are false. All zero computations are false, accurate to six decimal places. Riemann's zeta functions and L  functions are useless and false mathematical tools. Using it one cannot prove any problems in number theory. Euler totient function ( ) n  and Jiang's function 1( ) n J   will replace zeta and L  functions.


In view of the problem that a large number of reactive power and harmonic pollution are produced during starting and running of large tunneling machines in coal mine,a hybrid dynamic compensation control system scheme based on expert system was proposed to solve the pollution problem. The hybrid control system,which is composed of TSC discrete subsystem and SVC continuous subsystem,not only makes full use of their advantages to make up for the deficiency mutually,but also utilizes the learning method of expert system to prolong the life of capacitor.


In this paper we consider the optimal operation of an energy community receiving incentives for energy virtually shared among the community members. A similar incentive scheme for renewable energy communities is adopted in Italy since 2020. The operational problem is formulated as the maxi-mization of the profit of the community over a given time horizon. The profit includes the incentive for the virtual self-consumption. The optimization exploits all available sources of flexibility, such as controllable loads and generators, and battery energy storage systems. Compared to previous work of the authors, the mixed-integer formulation proposed in this paper requires a smaller number of continuous variables. Still, the number of binary variables may be prohibitive when the size of the community grows. For this reason, an equivalent formulation in the form of convex maximization is derived, involving only continuous variables. We show examples where the latter problem can be solved in reasonable time, while the solution process of the mixed integer problem gets stuck. Moreover, a simple strategy to fairly redistribute the community benefits among its members is discussed.


Computer Vision – ACCV 2020Computer Vision in Medical ImagingMultidisciplinary Approaches to Neural ComputingComputational Modeling of Objects Represented in ImagesMachine Learning Approaches to NonIntrusive Load MonitoringA Practical Approach to Medical Image ProcessingCommunications, Signal Processing, and SystemsTransmutation Operators and ApplicationsAdvances in Neural Information Processing SystemsDeep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Imaging and Clinical InformaticsComputer Vision – ECCV 2016Convolution Kernel Method Applied in a Nonlinear Transient Analysis Computer ProgramThe Art of Feature EngineeringData Science Fundamentals and Practical ApproachesThe Hypergeometric Approach to Integral Transforms and ConvolutionsRepresentation LearningStatistical and Machine Learning Approaches for Network AnalysisDeep LearningHyperspectral Imaging Technology: A Novel Method for Agricultural and Biosecurity DiagnosticsAdvances in Visual ComputingDigital Image ProcessingDiscrete Geometry for Computer ImageryAdvances in Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningFuzzy Logic Hybrid Extensions of Neural and Optimization Algorithms: Theory and ApplicationsSignal and Image Processing for Remote SensingModelling Electroanalytical Experiments by the Integral Equation MethodECAI 2020Advanced Biomedical Image AnalysisNeural Information ProcessingThe Essential Physics of Medical ImagingScale Space and PDE Methods in Computer VisionLongitudinal Data AnalysisProgresses in Artificial Intelligence and Neural SystemsScale-Space and Morphology in Computer VisionBayesian Approach to Inverse ProblemsPerspectives of Neural-Symbolic IntegrationDesigning Fair Curves and SurfacesEncyclopaedia of Medical PhysicsWireless Communication and Sensor NetworkNuclear Cardiology and Multimodal Cardiovascular Imaging, E-Book


Many factors should be considered when planning a profitable Online Learning (OL) experience. Of these factors, quality is the most noticeable concern that received considerable debate. Over the years, several suggestions for standards for ensuring online course quality have been suggested. Among these, Quality Matters (QM) is the most used and principally accepted rubric for quality assurance. Much research explored its potential and impact on maintaining online course quality, yet more research is needed to parallel the expansion of online learning post-COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, as more students are involved in fully OL classes, it is perceived that their perceptions of QM would be more authentic as they are stemmed from actual experience. To this end, the present study explores students' perspectives towards QM rubrics as a benchmark for measuring OL course quality. The study adopted a mixed method where quantitative data were gathered by surveying 112 university students using a QM-based questionnaire of 42 items. Using average scores of the participant responses to the questionnaire, the researcher compared their evaluation to the QM general and specific standards. Furthermore, focus-group interviews were conducted to validate and justify the quantitative data. Frequencies of mentioning the most and least important standards were calculated. The findings revealed that the participants agreed to 71% of the QM rubrics. On the other hand, they overvalued standards related to learners' privacy, course introduction, assessment, and course technology while undervalued standards associated with learning objectives, learner support and accessibility. The participants' justifications for their judgments revolved around the importance of privacy in cyberspace, the vitality of online assessment tools, and their familiarity with the new technologies that made IT support a secondary standard for them. These results imply reconsidering OL course quality by focusing more on using variable technologies and tools that engage students in the experience, ensure their privacy, and facilitate their interaction with the course content. Further research that utilises larger samples and involves QM-based OL courses is suggested to support the present findings.


The rapid internet development has not only brought convenience to people's production and lives,but also led to network violence.From the analysis of typical cases,we have learned that network violence is due to netizen's un-rationality,network's anonymous nature and the lack of network media gatekeeper's responsibilities.Meanwhile,network violence will do harm to social moral standards,leading to social instabilities.Therefore,in order to curb network violence,we must break down the conditions and base for network violence from the following aspects,netizen's self-control,laws and regulations and network building.


This paper updates the geographical range of the holothurian species Actinopyga capillata (Rowe & Massin 2006), first described as endemic from the Mascarene Islands with one ectopic record from Philippines. New observations confirm the presence of this species in different regions of the Philippines, thereby extending its range westward to Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, suggesting a wide but discontinuous IndoPacific range. Neither fishing nor trade of this species has yet been recorded.


A novel static random-access memory (SRAM) cell with nine carbon nanotube MOSFETs (9-CN-MOSFETs) is proposed in this paper. With the new 9-CN-MOSFET SRAM cell, the read data stability is enhanced by 99.09% while providing similar read speed as compared to the conventional six-transistor (6T) SRAM cell in a 16nm carbon nanotube transistor technology. The worst-case write voltage margin is increased by 4.57x with the proposed 9-CN-MOSFET SRAM cell as compared to the conventional 6T SRAM cell. Furthermore, a 1Kibit SRAM array with the new memory cells consumes 34.18% lower leakage power as compared to the memory array with 6T SRAM cells in idle mode.


Background and process of Xifeng Poplar breeding were stated,Fine clone variety,Xifeng 6,17,25,21,18 and so on were obtained at last.They will be sucssed extend applying in north east of China,Neimeny,Shanxi Gansu and so on regious.


Fluid loss into reservoir rocks during hydraulic fracturing is modeled via a poro-elastoplastic pressure diffusion equation in which the total compressibility is a sum of fluid, rock and pore space compressibilities. Inclusion of pore compressibility and porosity-dependent permeability in the model leads to a strong pressure dependence of leakoff. Dilation of the matrix due to fluid invasion causes higher rates of fluid leakoff. We suggest that certain features of leakoff behavior might give an indication of the significance of the reservoir compaction/decompaction during fluid injection operations and distinguish different types of rock deformation (linear poroelastic, nonlinear poroelastic, poroelastoplastic).


In this contribution, we present an overview and discussion of the key policies, trends and issues in UK education. The focus in the initial sections is more on the school system of early and compulsory education. Later sections focus also on post-compulsory and higher education, and links to the world of work. There are four home countries in the UK – England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales – with increasingly divergent education systems. Where possible and relevant we distinguish these systems, especially at the start of the chapter. However, it is not possible within space constraints to provide detailed discussion of the distinctive legislative framework in each home country and for the purpose of this chapter we have focused primarily on England, which is the most populous of the home countries. 1. Historical and societal context 1.1 Cornerstones of the present structure In the UK, Acts of Parliament relating to education are increasingly regular, with perhaps increasingly diminishing impact. Looking back over the past 70 years or more, however, two such Acts and a further ongoing process perhaps stand out in their legacy of impact on the present structure of schooling. These are the increasing devolution of policy in the four constituent parts of the UK, the 1944 Education Act, and the 1988 Education Reform Act. By 1900 free elementary education was (near) universal in the UK. In 1944, secondary provision was less homogeneous and the vast majority of children left formal education at or before the age of 14. The Education Act tried to change that, but it also did much more. It was part of a total reform of the welfare state and included wider measures such as free transport to school, free medical examinations for all children at school, and free milk at break times. Local authorities, via their schools, were required to attend to the spiritual, moral, mental and physical development of their charges. This meant, in addition to the provision of milk and hot meals, the inclusion in schools of physical and religious education and a daily act of 'collective worship'. Local authorities had to ensure the provision of 'appropriate' education for all children up to the age of 15, which meant a rapid growth in the size and number of schools. The Act did not specify what type of secondary schools should be provided, but the government at the time made clear that they expected at least three types of schools. Technical schools were, as their name implies, intended to provide a largely non-academic, craft and trade preparation education. Very few of these emerged or lasted and so the system actually became mostly bipartite. Grammar schools were intended for the most academically able (regardless of social origin). Admission was via an examination at the end of primary education - the 11+ - designed to pass around 10% to 15% of each cohort. In fact, considerable variation ensued. Adjustment was made for the sexes, so that girls did not 'swamp' the grammar schools. In rural areas some 'grammar' schools took 40% to 50% of the cohort because there were not enough local pupils to maintain the five or more schools needed for a 20:80 split, or schools simply adapted to different tracks for pupils deemed of different abilities. 'Secondary-modern' schools were intended for the bulk of pupils, who were not considered likely to continue in education past the age o f 15 and so were given a mixed academic, general and vocational curriculum.


The gene pool of the genus Sorghum is characterized by abundant diversity. The immense of morphological diversity of the cultivated races of sorghum had resulted from variable climatic and geographical exposure in which its wild ancestors evolved, coupled with selection pressure imposed by the environment and the man during and after domestication. Understanding and management of the natural variation within the domesticated cultivars and their wild relatives of a plant species is very important in the establishment of an efficient breeding program aimed at crop improvement. The genetic relationship among ten sorghum species, namely, Dorado9 Fitritay, Shahla, Gazan Abead, May sodany,H-306, Giza113, Ezraa-7, Omani Mahali, Boifuel was analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) method. The results showed that the diversity of sorghum was high at DNA level. Twenty-one primers selected from ISSR primers could amplify 95 clear and reproducible bands, of which 93 bands were polymorphic, accounting for 96.51%. The average of Polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.4132.The UPGMA clustering associated the varieties into two major clusters, separating African and Syrian varieties, the other major clusters included Asian varieties. Grouping of varieties by UPGMA cluster analysis correlated with the geographical origin, pedigree information, yielding type and agronomic traits indicated that ISSR markers could be realistically used to evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation among sorghum varieties. Keyword: Sorghum, varieties, ISSR, PIC, UPGMA.


An inquiry sequence on the Sun-Earth astronomic system is described. The sequence starts from several contextual references (objects, words, spaces) that are manipulated and interpreted by the students. Through the didactic sequence, students learn to research and communicate science using several scaffolding strategies (language, analysis, structure), and relate the scientific models of rotation and traslation with observable phenomena in a real context


We consider extended wireless networks characterized by a random topology of access points (APs) contending for medium access over the same wireless channel. Recently, stochastic geometry has emerged as a powerful tool to analyze random networks adopting MAC protocols such as ALOHA and CSMA. The main strength of this methodology lies in its ability to account for the randomness in the nodes' location jointly with an accurate description at the physical layer, based on the SINR, that allows considering also random fading on each link. In this paper, we extend previous stochastic geometry models of CSMA networks, developing computationally efficient techniques to obtain throughput distributions, in addition to spatial averages, which permit us to get interesting insights into the impact of protocol parameters and channel variability on the spatial fairness among the nodes. Moreover, we extend the analysis to a significant class of topologies in which APs are not placed according to a Poisson process.


The Probe occupant survey utilises techniques first introduced by Building Use Studies in their groundbreaking Office Environment Survey in the 1980s. The questionnaire used (also available on licence from BUS) is a stripped-down version of the earlier survey, much shorter than the original but compatible for benchmarking purposes; plus a few new questions. The update presented incorporates further findings from the Probe 2 series of post-occupancy studies (for further information see [1] and the original articles in Building Services Journal). Better design and management in these newer buildings appears to have reduced occupants' perceptions of building-related ill-health, but thermal problems persist and noise nuisance is increasing. The results confirm the importance of combining design and management strategies to avoid vicious circles. It discusses how recognition of users' satisficing behaviour can lead to simpler and more effective solutions.


Conversion of hydroxyl-containing polyimides into polybenzoxazole can be achieved by thermal rearrangement of the aromatic polymer chain with decarboxylation at elevated temperature. Synthetic methods to prepare polyimide precursors are important for the resulting thermally rearranged (TR) polymer membranes. Here, we report on the effect of several imidization methods on the properties of TR polymer membranes. Thermal and chemical imidizations are the most common routes to prepare polyimides, and solution thermal imidization using an azeotrope is also widely used, especially to obtain soluble polyimide-containing functional groups. We report here on the syntheses of ortho-functional polyimides from 4,4′-hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydrides and 2,2′-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane by three different imidization methods. Acetate-containing polyimides by chemical imidization and further silylation treatment as well as hydroxyl-containing polyimides by thermal and azeotropic imidizatio...


Abstract Study question Does COVID-19 vaccination (mRNA or viral vector) in women affect outcomes following IVF treatment? Summary answer There was no difference in both pre-clinical and IVF clinical outcomes in women who received vaccination (1 or 2 doses) compared to those unvaccinated. What is known already The COVID-19 vaccination rollout has been unprecedented and commenced in the UK in December 2020. Compared to the general population, pregnant women have higher risk of morbidity following COVID-19 infection. There is a drive by public health authorities for women of reproductive age to be vaccinated. However, there has been hesitancy in the uptake of vaccination amongst certain patient populations including those who are trying to conceive. Emerging data has shown that follicular function is unaffected by COVID-19 vaccination, although this data is limited. IVF treatment is unique as we can evaluate both pre-clinical embryological outcomes and clinical outcomes. Study design, size, duration We conducted a retrospective analysis of 474 women undergoing IVF treatment between Jan and Dec 2021. COVID-19 vaccination status was recorded including: vaccination type, number of vaccine doses, and whether they had previously contracted COVID-19. We recorded pre-clinical and clinical outcomes: such as number of oocytes retrieved, fertilisation rate and clinical pregnancy. Participants/materials, setting, methods Women were categorised in the three cohorts- unvaccinated (Group 1), defined as the reference group, women who had first dose of COVID-19 vaccine (Group 2) and patients who had two doses of the vaccine (Group 3). Patients whose vaccination status were not known were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed through STATA software. Outcomes were modelled with multivariable logistic and negative binomial regressions and adjusted for the following confounders: age, BMI, parity and past COVID-19 infection. Main results and the role of chance Data from women was analysed, 22.6 % had completed 2 doses, 9.5 % had one vaccine and 9.7% were unvaccinated. Among these women 24.7% had previous COVID-19 infection prior to their IVF cycle. The median number of oocytes retrieved for the entire cohort collected was 10.0 (inter-quartile range (IQR) 6.0, 14.0). There was no significant difference in the number of oocytes retrieved between women who had 1 vaccination dose, 2 doses compared to unvaccinated women (Incidence rate ratios (IRR) 1.18, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.93,1.50] and 0.94, 95% CI [0.76,1.15] respectively). There was no significance difference in the fertilisation rate between women who had one vaccination dose, 2 doses and unvaccinated women (IRR)1.02, 95% CI [0.83, 1.24] and 1.11 95% CI [0.93, 1.31] or failed fertiisation rates (Odds ratio (OR) 0.74, 95% CI [0.09, 6.09] and 0.71, 95% CI [0.12, 4.18]. With regards to clinical outcomes, 51.7% of the cohort had a positive urine pregnancy test. There was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate between women who had first vaccination dose and those who had both doses compared to unvaccinated women (OR 3.06, 95% CI [0.37, 3.68] & OR 1.7, 95% CI [ 0.64, 4.52] respectively). Limitations, reasons for caution This is a retrospective study and further accumulated data is warranted to validate the findings. Many patients at the time of analysis were still pregnant, hence we await live birth outcomes. Wider implications of the findings This is the first study to analyse the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on IVF outcomes. These initial findings are reassuring to patients and fertility clinicians on the safety of vaccination. Trial registration number not applicable


We present a system for the investigation of computational properties of categorial grammar parsing based on a labelled analytic tableaux theorem prover. This proof method allows us to take a modular approach, in which the basic grammar can be kept constant, while a range of categorial calculi can be captured by assigning different properties to the labelling algebra. The theorem proving strategy is particularly well suited to the treatment of categorial grammar, because it allows us to distribute the computational cost between the algorithm which deals with the grammatical types and the algebraic checker which constrains the derivation.


This study addresses whether and how community status affects new organizational founding. We argue that community status and community status spillover can affect entrepreneurs or business owners' location decisions, reflected by organizational founding in the focal community. In addition, we hypothesize that the effects of community status/community status spillover on organizational founding can be influenced by community environment and community age. Using a unique panel dataset of township clusters in Guangdong Province of China from 2004 to 2009, the results generally support the hypotheses. We further show that the effects of high status or high status spillover on organizational founding are stronger in communities with uncertain environments. This study has important implications for researchers, managers, policy makers, and entrepreneurs.


As air temperature rising and precipitation increasing in Tarim River Basin since the middle of 1990s,Aksu River,Yarkent River,Kaidui River and Hotan River,which the four tributary river systems contribute flows to the Tarim River,turn simultaneously into high water(wet-year or abundance of water) period,and providing an unusual and historical opportunity for ecosystem restoration of mainstream of Tarim River.The recently unusual climate changes in Tarim basin and Xinjiang region attract extensive attention worldwide in science and public circles.The arguments for a climatic shift to warm-humid under global warming and intensive water cycle,or change in hydrological cycle period,are becoming a discussion hotspot about the cause of the phenomena.Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and runoff of hydrological and meteorological stations in mountain areas of source rivers during last 50 years,author analysis the change of discharge of Tarim River,and evaluated emergent water transfer for ecosystem restore in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.


116 Lung India • Vol 33 • Issue 1 • Jan Feb 2016 Figure 1: Biopsy from anterior mediastinal mass showed sheets of neoplastic epithelial cells admixed with mature T lymphocytes (a). Prechemotherapy maximum intensity projection (MIP) image of PET/CT (b) showing primary lesion and diaphragmatic and pleural metastases (d, e, and f, respectively). Postchemotherapy MIP image of PET/CT (c) showing significant response and complete resolution of diaphragmatic metastasis (h) and metabolic resolution of primary (g) as well as pleural metastasis (i) d


In this work, we use dissipative particle dynamics with chemical reactions to study the question of pattern reproduction by a melt of reacting monomers during polycondensation. We show that it is possible to obtain structures with long-range order using this approach of "patterned polycondensation". Depending on the incompatibility parameter χ and reaction rate, three main system morphologies are formed: (a) homogeneous systems without separation; (b) systems with long-range order; (c) systems with tendency to macrophase separation; typical block-lengh distribution for these states are discussed. We show that the region of well-ordered structures moves to the range of higher incompatibility parameter χ and expands upon increasing the reaction rate; possible microscopic explanation of such behavior is proposed. The effect of different film thicknesses and pattern sizes on the structure quality is studied.


Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB), a common malignant pediatric brain tumor, comprises at least four distinct molecular entities: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. SHH-MB is driven by aberrant activation of the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway in granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) and is associated with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes including Li Fraumeni and Gorlin. We recently identified germline loss of function (LoF) mutations affecting IKBKAP/ELP1, the primary scaffolding subunit of the Elongator complex in a subset of SHH-MB patients. Germline ELP1 mutations account for ~15% of all pediatric SHH-MBs and position ELP1 as the most prevalent hereditary predisposition gene in MB. We genetically engineered Elp1 LoF in mouse GNPs to determine Elp1 function in cerebellar development and SHH-MB. Results of both mechanistic and phenotypic experiments demonstrate that GNPs harboring Elp1 loss exhibit ribosome pausing and protein aggregation, reinforcing the critical role of Elp1 in translational elongation and protein homeostasis. Further, we generated new transgenic mouse models mimicking germline ELP1 LoF mutations observed in SHH-MB patients. Elp1+/- transgenic mice exhibit purkinje cell degeneration and an increased DNA damage response. These mice are currently being evaluated for their capacity to recapitulate ELP1-associated SHH-MB. Additional analyses carried out on SHH-MB patient-derived xenografts showed that ELP1-mutant tumor cells specifically exhibit defects in tRNA biogenesis. Therefore, the function of ELP1 as a translational regulator is severely impaired in ELP1-mutant SHH-MBs. Our ongoing molecular and functional studies will provide important insights into the most common MB predisposition gene and will lay the foundation for future preclinical studies.


The aim of this paper is to examine some of the words and terms used in automated analysis to determine whether new definitions pertaining to their use in Clinical Biochemistry are necessary or desirable. Specialised definitions of words and terms which clinical biochemists use in their daily work have been published from time to time (for example, Vogel, 1961; IUPAC, 1970a, 1970b; Analytical Chemistry, 1973). In discussing such definitions, the Study Group on Automation and the Scientific and Technical Committee have come to appreciate the skill of the lexicographer, and consider that it may be unwise to construct specialised definitions if authoritative dictionaries such as the Oxford English Dictionary (1961), its Supplement (OED, Suppl. 1972), the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (1973), or Webster's Dictionary (1966) already serve the case. A list of the appropriate dictionary meanings of some words commonly used in automated analysis is given in table 1 together with some corresponding specialised definitions. In table 2 some tentative definitions of specialist terms are proposed, for discussion.


A method is described for generation of an image from measurements of weak electromagnetic signals in a region close to their source. A computer-assisted contactless test system consists of an array of sensors exposed to the reactive electric and magnetic fields surrounding the printed circuit-board assembly. In a reference plane located a distance small in comparison to the wavelength a probe antenna scans the fields generated by its source; the signal from the sensor is acquired in the frequency domain by a spectrum analyzer and then transferred to a controlling computer. Measurements are made on a regularly spaced grid in a plane parallel to the board. A noncoherent estimate of pixel value is defined. This estimate is computed for each node of a grid. A practical implementation of the method and a simple fault detection technique are presented.


Six new neutral crystalline clusters Zn8S(SC6H5)14L2 [L = pyridyl (1), 3-(phenylthio)pyridyl (2), 4-(phenylthio)pyridyl (3), 3-iodopyridyl (4), 3-butylpyridyl (5), and phenanthridyl (6)] with Zn8S cores have been assembled by a hydrothermal process. Exceptionally, in situ ligand reactions have been observed in clusters 2 and 3. There are no detectable fluorescence emissions of complexes 1−5, whereas 6 shows an emission peak at 365 nm due to the existence of terminal phenanthridyl ligands.


Liquid‐helium films of only a few atomic layers thickness exhibit a remarkable mobility as a result of the condensed superfluid state. The atoms are tightly bound to the substrate surface by the van der Waals attraction leaving almost complete freedom of motion in the lateral directions. Disturbances in the film thickness then propagate as waves called third sound. A wealth of information concerning the static and dynamic properties of the film have come from third‐sound group‐velocity measurements primarily through detecting small temperature oscillations accompanying the wave. We have learned that these waves can propagate in essentially monolayer films thus exhibiting a two‐dimensional superfluid. A very important quantum‐mechanical length describing the coherence of the condensate atoms is now known from static third‐sound velocity measurements. Experiments on the Doppler shift of flowing films have delineated the superflow phase region. Recently experiments have demonstrated the potential flow nature...


Surgical Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Surgical Oncology, Hospital Angeles Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California Norte, Mexico; Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico Correspondence to: Leonardo S. Lino-Silva, MD, MSc, MEd. Anatomic pathology professor, Gastrointestinal Pathology Division and Melanoma Division, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México (Mexico's National Cancer Institute), Av. San Fernando # 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Provenance and Peer Review: This article was a free submission to the journal. The article did not undergo external peer review. Response to: Zhang H, Huang Y, Sun G, et al. Rectal cancer patients with downstaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical resection do not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Transl Med 2020;8:743.


This research was conducted at the customer PT BPRS Barakah Nawaitul Ikhlas Solok. The aim of this study was to determine how much influence the direct services to save customers' interest in PT BPRS Barakah Nawaitul Ikhlas Solok. The method used is the method of purposive sampling techniques that are considered representative of the population. Sample taken from the population of 50 respondents, the data collection methods used is to use observations, questionnaires, to the library. Based on simple regression analysis of the variables affecting the direct service and save customers' interest in PT BPRS Barakah Nawaitul Ikhlas Solok Y = 1.432 + 0,953X. T test conducted found variables significantly influence the direct services to save customers' interest in PT. SRB Barakah Nawaitul Ikhlas Solok with direct service variable value of 12.242 > 1.677 then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. From the analysis, it was found that the indicator of the effectiveness of the variable direct services is an important factor in the implementation of the formation of customer interest. Service can directly support increased interest of customers, which will have an impact on the achievement of organizational goals while managerial recommendations that can be given, namely, manager of PT. SRB Barakah Nawaitul Ikhlas Solok as the leader of the Organization should pay more attention to the aspects relating to employee service improvement. Can be adequate facilities and infrastructure and the establishment of working procedures neat and orderly fashion adapted to the prevailing conditions such as the place of execution of customer pick-saving schedule.


A major component of the di- and trisialoganglioside fraction of rabbit thymus was isolated. By neuraminidase treatment, methylation analysis, and CrO3 oxidation, it was identified as GD3 ganglioside with the novel disialosyl residue, NeuNGlyc(alpha, 2-8)NeuNAc(alpha, 2-3)Gal-(beta, 1-4)Glc(beta, 1-1)ceramide. Its concentration was 21.92 nmol/g of wet tissue (12.10% of the total gangliosides) and it contained 91.52% of the lipid-bound sialic acid in di- and trisialogangliosides of rabbit thymus.


Abstract In deep geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste, one of the most important subjects is to estimate long-term stability and strength of host rock under high temperature conditions caused by radioactive decay of the waste. In this paper, some experimental researches on the thermo-mechanical characteristics of soft sedimentary rock have been presented. For this reason, a new temperature-controlled triaxial compression and creep test device, operated automatically by a computer-controlled system, whose control software has been developed by the authors, was developed to conduct the thermo-mechanical tests in different thermal loading paths, including an isothermal path. The new device is proved to be able to conduct typical thermo-mechanical element tests for soft rock. The test device and the related testing method were introduced in detail. Finally, some test results have been simulated with a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic model that was also developed by the authors.


This paper examines the embodied remembrance of Bloody Sunday (1972), when thirteen civilians were shot dead by British soldiers while peacefully marching against internment. The work of Paul Connerton represents a crucial analytical starting point in a growing number of studies examining the body as site of memory. While Connnerton's theorisation has been very influential and persuasive, I argue that there is some scope for improving his ideas about the changeability of bodily memory and the Bloody Sunday case represents an interesting empirical example of how embodied remembrance reflects and responds to transformations in the wider socio-political context.


"Hovering"often refers to human's action in ancient books,but it doesn't not mean flying in the sky."Zhaojia"means"Zhaoge",and in most cases,they both mean"to tell".The later generations often have misunderstanding in these phrases.


This study examines the evolution of activity's regulation and resistance to change of children and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) when they use the numerical five cognitive and autonomy learnings domains of LearnEnjoy' applications with IPad. Participants were 40 (31 children and 9 adults) chronological ages from 3 years and 8 months to 36 years and 2 months and developmental ages from 2 to 6 years. Applications with IPad are proposed by expert in autism coaches during some weekly socio-cognitive rehabilitation sessions in the context of in a global developmental program, the Intervention-Development-Home-School-Firm-Supervision' Program (IDHSFS). The evolution of activity's regulation and resistance to change are respectively assessed with the Regulation-Adaptation-Modulation Grid (RAMG) and the resistance to change with the Repetitive, Restricted Behavior Scale (RBB) Scale. Assessments were carried out at the beginning of using the applications (C1), after three months (C2), and after three new months (C3). Comparative of RAMG scores C1, C2, C3 analysis show evidence of a no significate but variable according to the domains' increasing during the six months. Comparative of RBB scores C1 and C2 show evidence of a significate increasing during the first three months and a significate decreasing during the three last month (C2 and C3). Discussion emphasizes regulation and flexibility disabilities in autism and sublines the interests and necessity of numerical applications 'integration in a global development intervention program with an expert coaching in order to individualize, adapt their using and to control both disorders regulation and resistance to change.


Space flight provides the opportunity to study human physiology free of the influence of Earth's gravitational field. The human body has evolved in one-gravity and operates in a steady state; blood pressure, fluid content, and other physiological conditions are stabilized at certain set points. In space, however, the body adapts to a new — microgravity — environment it establishes a new balance, or steady state, in a few days. Fluids redistribute to the upper body; muscle tone and cardiac conditioning decrease; bone mineral and muscle mass are lost; and the neurologic system exhibits changes. None of these changes have proved serious; all appear reversible after re-exposure to one gravity.


Natural diamond crystals with a highly porous surface were used as substrates for synthesizing single-phase bimetallic Pt–Co nanoparticles at temperatures of 500 °C and 800 °C. The metal nanoparticles inside the pores were determined to take the form of single-phase Pt0.50Co0.50 solid solutions with different degrees of superstructure ordering. A detailed characterization of both nanoalloys revealed a tetragonal symmetry with a space group, P4/mmm. For the sample obtained at 500 °C, the lattice parameters were a = 2.673(2), c = 3.735(3) Å, and c/a = 1.397(1); for the samples obtained at 800 °C, the parameters were—a = 2.688(2), c = 3.697(3) Å, and c/a = 1.375(1). Within the experimental parameters, no significant chemical interaction of the diamond with the Pt–Co particles was identified. The results demonstrate a strong anchoring effect of the metallic material within the etching pores. The successful synthesis of bimetallic Pt–Co particles embedded inside the caverns can facilitate a study of their magnetic properties. The presence of Pt–Co in specific diamond compositions can also be used for marking diamond crystals as a means for their subtle identification, as well as confirming the possibility of capturing significant amounts of metal along with diamonds during their dissolution in the deep Earth.


Introduction: Activin A is a glycoprotein hormone produced by many tissues. During normal pregnancy the fetoplacental unit is the main source of activin A with the placenta producing the majority of secreted activin A. Oxidative stress may be the underlying mechanism for increased placental activin A production in preeclampsia. Aim of Work: To evaluate the levels of activin A and malondialdehyde (MDA) in pregnancy hypertensive states and to explore whether circulating levels of activin A are correlated to MDA levels (marker of oxidative stress). Subjects and Methods: The study included 75 pregnant women divided into three groups: 25 pregnant women with normal blood pressure (group1 as control), 25 pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (groupII) and 25 pregnant women with preeclampsia (groupIII). Serm levels of activin A and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by ELISA and by colorimetric methods respectively. Results: Serum levels of activin A and malondialdehyde were higher in patients with preeclampsia than in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension and that of control group. There was a highly significant correlation between serum levels of activin A and each of malondialdehyde and blood pressure in preeclampsia group and PIH group. Conclusion: Serum levels of activin A might be used as a marker that reflects the severity of pregnancy hypertensive states. Oxidative stress might be the mechanism of increased secretion of activin A.


By using the panel data of 59 semiconductor companies in 2001-2013 this study investigates the characteristics of financial condition of each product segment and explores the effective product line policy in semiconductor industry. Semiconductor is well-known as one of the fundamental products in contemporary information society. However, companies in the semiconductor industry often experiences financial difficulties, and we do not have a solution for it. From the analysis of semiconductor companies f financial structure, we find that 1) entrants have to prepare the different strategy in accordance with each segment fs situation, and 2) focused product line policy brings more profit than diversified product line policy.


The objective of the paper is to demonstrate how mathematical tool of the Markov chains theory can be effectively used to model the wide spectrum of processes in chemical engineering.


In February 1941 a Romanian Jewess who had recently been granted British citizenship was interviewed by Great Britain's Spec ia l Operat ions Execut ive (SOE). Two months later, she began work in its French Section. One of 3,320 women who served on SOE's s ta f f o f more than 10 ,000 , she would eventua l ly become F Section's intelligence officer. After the war she traveled across Europe, using her rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, to find out what had happened to the agents she had helped prepare for clandestine missions in France who never returned and, as she d i s c o v e r e d , p e r i s h e d i n t h e concentration camps. The life of Vera Atkins, who died in June 2000, was the subject of a


Objectıve: The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats in the world. The majority of smokers in the adolescent group has started smoking at early ages. Smoking prevalence among adolescents are reported to be approximately 10%. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking and related factors among secondary and high school students in Tokat province. Method: Population of this cross-sectional study consists of secondary and high school students in Tokat. Sample size was calculated as 1072 by using proportional stratified cluster sampling method according to type of school, gender and age. The study has been completed with 1069 students (secondary school: 557, high school: 512). Sociodemographic characteristics and the smoking habits of students were determined through questionaries. The students who smoking at least one cigarette in a day were accepted as smokers. Results: 50.9% of secondary school students were male, mean age was 12.1±1.3, 74.5% lived in city, prevalence of smoking was 10.8% (male:17.3%, female:4%) and it was higher for students with <70 (16.3%) average school grades than those with ≥70 (6.8%) (p<0.05). 52.3% of high school students were female, mean age was 16.2±1.3, 80.7% lived in city, prevalence of smoking was 18% (male:29.9%, female:7.1%) and it was higher for students which have secondary or above maternal education level (23.8%) than those students which have lower maternal education level (15.7%); higher in those whom parents live seperate or have died (42.3%) than those whom parents live together (16.7%); higher in those that have average school grades <70 (23.8%) than those with ≥70 (11.3%) (p<0.05). Place of residence, income level and profession of parents were not significant effect on smoking prevalence. The most common cause of start smoking was curiosity (42.4%). Conclusıons: Nearly one in ten secondary school students and one in five high school students are smoker. Male gender and low average school grade interrelates with smoking among secondary and high school students. Preventions for minimizing adolescents smoking must become a priority.


The modeling, analysis and control of a high performance induction motor drive fed with a rectifier-inverter system having only six active switching devices and operating from a single-phase supply under carrier-based pulse-width modulation scheme is the theme of this paper. Experimental results showing the unity displacement power factor operation of the single-phase supply and the speed tracking capability of the motor are presented to validate the analysis and control strategy proposed


Central heating is a project that is environmentally,economically and socially beneficial for the people and can fun-damentally solve the problem of pollution,reaching the goal of energy efficiency and heating quality.


A forward-chaining production system has been constructed to analyze sequences of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images. The system exploits relationships between various scene elements to aid in the identification of small objects. The system also integrates semantic considerations into the process of object/background segmentation. Parameters are first set in a standard edge-based segmenter so as to produce an over-segmentation of the image. A set of production rules is used to merge segments and adjust parameters depending on the initial interpretations of the segments, relationships between segments, and on interpretations of the final segments. Results compare favorably with those obtained from the same standard segmenter used with parameters optimized for interpretation-blind operation.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify correlates of terrorism in space. It examines whether places with terrorist incidents show similar patterns with respect to the physical features across landscape, and tests the spatial influence of various features of environment on the incidence of terrorism. Drawing on the locations of violent terrorist offenses committed between 2008 and 2012, the study in Istanbul applies the Risk Terrain Modeling framework to terrorism. It uses data on police incidents and infrastructure (e.g., government buildings or parks). The analysis employs GIS techniques and an event count model, and combines all risky layers in a composite map to understand where the risk is higher. The study suggests a concentration of 1153 violent terrorist incidents relative to key physical factors by identifying seventeen potential risk factors, eight of which were significantly correlated in the model. Regardless of terrorists' intent, the significantly associated establishments increase the risk in the surrounding areas where these features are located. The coexistence of leisure places such as bakeries, religious facilities, or eateries results in higher risks. While the environmental backcloth may constitute a risk for terrorism, its components may also help forecast the locations of terrorist incidents in the future.


With the enhancement of people dependent on information and data,data backup is becoming more and more important.A computer file backup system based on Android mobile terminal is designed in this paper.In order to save storage space and reduce the overhead of the mobile terminal,file index and data block index combining strategy is used backup and recovery file which are different backup types.At the same,an improved differential backup method is proposed,the core of which is to get variance information between the different versions of the file on the computer and transmit to the mobile terminal.The experiments show that the design of the system can quickly and accurately file backup and recovery,saving storage space.


Guze et al.(1970) put forward a mistaken opinion that depression was the culprit of suicide, which triggered a heated debate over the past 40 years. Recently, there are two important researches that deepen the understanding on the culprit of suicide. The researches found that suicide was resulted by unmet interpersonal needs and explained why not all individuals with mental disorders would suicide. It was also revealed that available capability of suicide was also an important factor contributing to suicide and made a distinction between suicide ideation and suicide behaviors. The above two factors are the main causes of suicide. In a word, suicide has its independent psychological process.


In this paper analytical method validation with the aid of SAS® Enterprise Guide add-ins is discussed. Examples are presented of add-ins that address assay validation issues in a PAT (Process Analytical Technology) environment. Streamlining method validation, robustness tests with experimental designs, multivariate analysis, real-time data and control charts are topics that will be demonstrated in these applications.


The invention relates to a pre-stress steel grid roof cover used in large span, large post rib floor cover, which comprises four-angle taper plate net support (1). Wherein, the support post (3) is mounted with pre-stress spatial tube truss support (2); four-angle plate net support (1) is connected to the truss support (2). The invention can be used in the large span steel grid roof cover whose span is between 80m to 150m and post distance is between 32m to 60m, with low steel consumption and low cost.


Longcha highway was a part of highway from Quanzhou city, Hujian province to Nanlin city, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Prefecture. In order to dissolve and match with around natural landscape, restore the landscape and environment of red sandstone, the red sandstone slope was investigated. The results showed that the slope of red sandstone was not suitable for the plant. Several measures were taken for the restoring the landscape and plants. First, dig planting groove in the appropriate place on the slope. Second, transplant or grow some plants in the planting groove. Third, plants were planted in the planting groove. Fourth, the slope could be restored by planting lawn. Some shrubs were planted in the lawn. Fifth, the slope was sprayed and sowed with the seeds of shrub. Sixth, the slope was coved with native grass stem tuber.


An optimization procedure for the extraction of the herbicide atrazine (AT), and the main degradation products deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) from an oxisol soil sample was carried out, for a soil from the Southwest of Parana State in Brazil, where AT is among the most largely employed herbicide. A comparison between shaking and ultrasound extraction was performed, to define a simple and fast extraction procedure, followed by the quantification using high performance liquid chromatography. It is important to inform that a factorial planning was employed, that was very important to define the best conditions of extraction by shaking. Appropriate recovery values were observed using soil samples from three different depths, as well as the relative standard deviation, suggesting the possibility to employ the proposed extraction method for quantification of AT, DEA and DIA in oxisol samples.


To determine the proper system design using a borehole heat exchanger, it is appropriate to implement a thermal response test (TRT), which gives the averaged values. Though it provides the average, it is still sufficient to quantify the performance of a heat exchanger. The implementation of TRT is needed for sites with poorly recognized geological and hydrogeological conditions and have higher power heat pumps (i.e. over tens of kW heating/cooling) installed. In such cases, the cost of the TRT can be paid back when the test results show that the system can be modified with less borehole heat exchangers than the original design based on the average values of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the ground. This study presents the calculations for borehole heat exchanger installations for which the thermal response test has been applied and compared with the theoretical borehole heat exchanger selection models (based on literature data). The analysis of the thermal conduction parameter measured during the TRT compared to the theoretically calculated one clearly indicate the amount of errors that can be committed during calculations and the possibility of having an imprecise interpretation of literature data. For heat pump operations, except the electricity necessary to the compressor working, a low-temperature heat source is needed. Selection of the heat source system parameters is derived from the building's thermal energy demand (heating, domestic hot water production) and the analysis of the thermal capacity and conductivity of the ground. Special attention should be directed to the temperature of the heat source and its changes, which are crucial for the performance of the heat pump. The use of heat pumps is directly related to the possibility of obtaining thermal energy from a heat source (e.g. ground), which should have a constant temperature throughout the year to allow the economic recovery of heat, recover the energy potential capacity at a certain time, and operate the system smoothly. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate installation parameters for the heat source. The thermal response test (TRT) is used for testing of borehole heat exchangers, where the working fluid absorbs heat from a lowtemperature heat source for the GSHP (ground source heat pump). The most widely used type of vertical heat exchanger is the U-tube heat exchanger. Depending on the heat demand of a building, the length and circuit number of the low-temperature heat source system for the heat pumps can be determined. These settings are mostly based on the theoretical calculation of the possible amount of heat that can be received from the ground. In contrast, TRT allows the determination of thermal parameters empirically for the proposed installation place. The current state of knowledge shows that, for a system based on borehole heat exchangers consisting of 10 or more vertical heat exchangers, TRT execution may reduce overestimation of a system nominal power, and thus achieve savings in the investment stage (Wajman, 2011).


The propagation of acoustic modes over the 9140‐km underwater path to Ascension during the Heard Island Feasibility Experiment is simulated. Using a modal decomposition of the parabolic‐equation field, we find that mode coupling at the circumpolar front has significant impact on modal dispersion and modal repopulation, which complicates the pulse‐arrival sequence. Modal dispersion and modal repopulation are calculated at eleven frequencies from 52 to 62 Hz, and the effects on pulse spreading are shown.


Abstract A restinga is an ecosystem of the Atlantic Forest biome that occurs along the Brazilian coastal plains. The restinga areas studied here occur in the states of Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Alagoas, Paraíba and Maranhão. Honey, bee pollen, propolis and geopropolis produced by Apis mellifera and native stingless bees are characterised through the pollen morphology of bee plants. The main nectariferous sources in honey samples are Schinus terebinthifolia, Euterpe edulis and Syagrus romanzoffiana in São Paulo state; Burseraceae and Myrtaceae in Bahia state; Copaifera, Humiria balsamifera and mangrove plants in Maranhão state. The main polliniferous sources are Myrtaceae and Solanaceae in bee pollen samples in Santa Catarina state and Myrcia as monofloral samples in Rio de Janeiro state; Astrocaryum aculeatissimum is predominant and Cocos nucifera is always present in Bahia state. In propolis samples of Rio de Janeiro state Eucalyptus and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia are the most common pollen types; in Bahia state were Mimosa sensitiva and Cocos nucifera; Borreria, Cocos nucifera and Mimosa sensitiva in Alagoas state; Borreria and Symphonia globulifera in Paraíba state. Geopropolis samples from Maranhão state are strongly heterogeneous. Trees and shrubs in the resting areas considered here dominate over herbaceous plants and are predominant in the use by both Apis and native stingless bees. The wide presence of Eugenia catharinae pollen in the southern region samples, of Schinus terebinthifolia pollen in the south-eastern region, and of Avicennia, Cocos, Copaifera and Humiria pollen in samples of the north-eastern region are highlighted.


We consider the opportunities and challenges comparative phylogeography (CP) faces in the genomic age to determine: (1) how we can maximise the potential of big CP analyses to advance biogeographic and macroevolutionary theory; and (2) what we can, and will struggle, to achieve using CP approaches in this era of genomics.


In order to elucidate the origin and the function of iso-valeric acid in dolphin oil, we studied the free volatile fatty acids in the blood and the stomach fluids, and the pH values of the stomach fluids of porpoise, Neomeris phocaenoides. The results are as follows: 1) As free fatty acids in the blood, the presence of each acid, acetic, propionic, iso-butyric, n-butyric and iso-valeric acid was observed. Among these acids, iso-valeric acid was most dominant. 2) The same free volatile fatty acids as in the blood were identified in the stomach fluids, and they were mostly both acetic and iso-valeric acids. 3) The pH values of the stomach fluids were different between two samples, and the pH values in the I st stomach were lower than in the II nd stomach in both samples.


A formative and methodological proposal is presented in the preparation of undergraduate students in Computer Engineering towards the development of publishable scientific articles. A process of accompaniment in the last year of university studies dabbling in research as a degree option, the objective pursued is to provide an experience in research training that allows solutions through computer science from the knowledge acquired by students during their career and in the context where they are. Twenty students, sixteen scientific articles, a process initiated in May 2018 to May 2021, this work presents factors to be considered by the tutors and the motivations of the novice researcher. A 98% satisfaction of the participants for the methodology used, and the perception of continuing with future work in a postgraduate program. The aim is to turn young people into future researchers who will provide society with creative solutions, using the technologies within their reach.