Pharmacological science possesses a significant number of compounds with antibiotic activity. By now the chemical structures have been identified and their properties have been described for the great number; many of them found practical use. But the main stimulus for the further new antibiotic compounds search is the acquired resistance of pathogenic organisms. Our previous investigations were devoted to antibiotic activity of Aspergillus niveus that is known as a producer of ferment preparations with wide activity spectrum. Aim. This investigation became the follow-up of our previous studies and its main task was to isolate, purify and obtain biologically active metabolite(s) from A. niveus 2411 strain in crystalline form, and to study its (their) physicochemical properties and biological activity. Methods. Biologically active metabolites were obtained by extraction, two-step column chromatography and recrystallization methods. The obtained substances were characterized by physical-chemical and microbiological methods. Results. Two substances in crystalline form with different spectrum of antibiotic activity against indicator test-cultures were obtained. The substance AN4 showed antibacterial, antifungal, and phytotoxic activities, while AN7 showed only antibacterial activity. Neither of obtained compounds showed dermatocidal or toxigenic activity in rabbit skin test. Obtained spectral characteristics of substances suggest that AN4 and AN7 substances are similar and belong to compounds with cyclic structures, have double linkage, methyl, aromatic, and carboxyl groups. Conclusions. Obtained data showed that antibiotic activity of A. niveus 2411 depend on the complex of biologically active metabolites with different biological and physicochemical properties. Two compounds AN4 and AN7 were isolated and purified from the fungal cultural filtrate of A. niveus 2411. The data of IR and UV spectra of these compounds and their profiles of biological activity don't have significant differences with those of citrinin – a metabolite of A. niveus with antibiotic properties. However, based on the results obtained and comparisons with the data of other authors on metabolites of A. niveus, we suggest that the substances we isolated may be derivatives of citrinin.


Thin films of lithium niobate were deposited on the Pt/Ti/SiO/sub 2/ (111) substrates by the polymeric precursor method (Pechini process). Annealing in static air and oxygen atmosphere was performed at 500/spl deg/C for 3 hours. The films obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The dielectric constant, dissipation factor and resistance were measured in frequency region from 10 Hz to 10 MHz. Electrical characterizations of the films pointed to ferroelectricity via hysteresis loop. The influence of oxygen atmosphere on crystallization and properties of LiNbO/sub 3/ thin films is discussed.


The portable wireless terminal includes a keypad sheet, the sheet has a plurality of holes, each hole fitted to a respective plurality of keys, and for the silicon adhesive layer is fixed on the keys on the lower surface of the film sheet . Projection at the lower surface thereof contacts a dome switch. Button firmly mounted at a precise location, since the decorative lines or decorative shapes can be easily formed in a shape setting button, it is possible to achieve a more aesthetic design.


A resilient body having opposed faces connected together by a wall to form a soap receiving chamber. Opposed straps attached to the body form a handhold for enabling a person to scrub his back with the body portion. A plurality of fingers are affixed to and depend from one of the faces while a plurality of projections depend from the opposed face. A plurality of apertures formed in one face enables fluid flow to occur therethrough. A deformable soap receiving slot is formed along a marginal portion of the wall for admitting a bar of soap or a container of lotion into the chamber. The lotion container has perforations formed therein in indexed relationship respective to the apertured face of the resilient body, which allows a metered flow of lotion onto one's body.


A bacteria strain producing rad pigment was cultured in shake flasks,the bacteria liquid were harvested as red pigment materia1.then the optimum extraction conditions were obtained by the way of solvent extraction.


: The RFEH design challenges can be broadly classified into overall radio frequency direct current (RF-to-DC) power conversion efficiency (PCE), form factor, operational bandwidth (BW), and compactness. A detailed overview of the essential components of an RFEH system is presented in this paper. Various design approaches have been proposed for the realization of compact RFEH circuits that contribute immensely to mm-wave rectenna design. Effective mechanisms for configuring the rectenna modules based on the recommended spectrums for the RFEH system were also outlined. This study featured a conceptual viewpoint on design tradeoffs, which were accompanied by profound EH solutions perspectives for wireless power communications. The work covers some challenges attributed to 5G EH in mm-wave rectenna: from a controlled source of communication signals to distributed ambient EH and system level design. Conversely, the primary targets of this work are to: (I) examine a wide range of ambient RF sources and their performance with various antennae and RF-rectifier layouts; (II) propose unique rectenna design techniques suitable for current trends in wireless technology; (III) explore numerous approaches for enhancing the rectenna or RF-rectifier efficiency in a low-power ambient environment; and (IV) present the findings of a comprehensive review of the exemplary research that has been investigated. These are aimed toward addressing the autonomous system's energy challenges. Therefore, with the careful management of the reported designs, the rectenna systems described in this study would influence the upcoming advancement of the low-power RFEH module.


Abstract : An analytical synthesis and evaluation of an avionic system and its airborne displays and controls was performed for a hypothetical Search and Rescue helicopter of the 1972-1974 era. The requirements for the system were based on composite mission and operational requirements obtained from four services: U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army and U.S. Coast Guard. The candidate systems evaluated were selected from equipment that was state of the art now or readily could be by 1972. The evaluations of the candidate systems were based on the functional performance of the equipment and on the crew-equipment interface suitability as measured by crew workload. The configuration recommended met most, but not all, of the composite mission requirements. Additional development was suggested in areas where the equipment or the crew-equipment interface evaluations indicated a deficiency in performance. (Author)


Objective This Study was conducted to do surveillance of the trend of infant mortality in Luwan district of Shanghai municipality and to observe the influence of infant mortality rate on the average life expectancy so as to take corresponding strategies to cut down the rate . Methods Dynamic series analysis was done on the data of 21000 infants born live between 1999 and 2004 and 175 infants that died during the same period. Results The infant mortality rate declined from 12.40‰ in 1999 to 4.05‰ in 2004 with a dropping rate of 67.34%, and the newborn mortality rate decreased from 10.33‰ to 1.62‰ with a dropping rate of 84.32%. Correspondingly, the average life expectancy in the district was increasing year by year. The top 4 causes of infant death were congenital abnormalities, birth injuries and asphyxias, premature infants and pneumonia. Conclusion The infant mortality rate has declined dramatically with the development of the medical care in our district. Now emphasis should be placed on strengthening the surveillance of birth defects and advocating perinatal health care in order to further decrease the infant mobility rate and lengthen average life expectancy.


Reactive distillation is a new unit operation process which combines chemical reaction and distillation separation into one process.The packing structure of solid catalyst in a reactive distillation column must simultaneously meet the requirements of making both the vapor and liquid phases flow countercurrently and the reactants contact with the catalyst closely and directly as well.The basic elements for the packing structure are briefly introduced.Features,limitations and application areas of some packing structures are described in groups which have distinguishing features and good prospects for applications at home and abroad.The necessity of developing new structures is also pointed out.


The article highlights some of our findings from a study carried out in the brick kiln industry in Tamil Nadu, India. We have led both a qualitative and a quantitative survey. As child labour is a common factor in the brick kiln industry, we show that in the interlinked credit-labour market employers do not directly employ children, but they have implemented a system that constrains parents to use their children to improve their productivity. In such an environment parents use child labour to improve their bargaining power.


A WORLD economy must be managed (de facto or de jure) by a mix of national dominance and international policy L coordination. As the dominance of the United States shrank over the past decade?in fact if not in the consciousness of all U.S. policy-makers?some degree of integration of policy became necessary, at least among the major nations. The alterna tive was to risk the benefits of international intercourse by revert ing to uncoordinated exercise of autonomous national policies. The realization of this need, however, was fostered only by crises, such as the London gold flurry in i960, the convulsions surrounding exchange-rate changes of major currencies in 1961 and 1967, increasing concern about the gold convertibility of the dollar, and most recently by the gold rushes of late 1967 and early 1968. Despite the successive deepening of these perturbations, policy integration progressed far enough each time only to satisfy the decision-makers that they could now avoid repetition of the previous outburst. The plans of the central bankers, like those of the generals, were usually directed to the last battle. It is the thesis of this article that fundamental decisions are needed to


This paper investigates strength characteristics and stress-strain behaviors of geogrid mixing reinforced lightweight soil. The lightweight soil was reinforced with geogrid in order to increase its compressive strength. Test specimens were fabricated by various mixing conditions including cement content, initial water content, air content and geogrid layer and then unconfined compression tests were carried out. From the experimental results, it was found that unconfined compressive strength as well as stress-strain behavior of lightweight soil was strongly influenced by mixing conditions. The more cement content that is added to the mixture, the greater its unconfined compressive strength. However, the more initial water content or the more air foam content, the less its unconfined compressive strength. It was observed that the compressive strength of reinforced lightweight soil increased reinforcing effect by the geogrid for most cases. Stress-strain relation of geogrid mixing reinforced lightweight soil showed a ductile behavior rather than a brittle behavior. In reinforced lightweight soil, secant modulus () also increased as its compressive strength increased due to the inclusion of geogrid.


Large urban settlements are being organized in metropolitan areas, with a polarizing city influencing and shaping the landscape of the hinterland. Transport infrastructure networks are the main vectors for the permanent flux of resources, and these exchanges should be maintained undisturbed. A poor transportation network impedes the continuity of these flows, causing unsatisfaction, ultimately generating planning-based conflicts within metropolitan zones. This study aims in assessing the potential occurrence of metropolitan conflicts generated by the transportation network design. We used a quantitative approach based on a set of new proposed indexes. The methods were applied on nine metropolitan zones from Romania. The results show that each metropolitan zone has specific potential for conflict occurrence. The higher potential was recorded within the more recent established metropolitan zones. Our results raise the question on whether the Romanian metropolitan zones are fully functional and worthy of this status. The study provides a useful and usable tool in assessing the effectiveness of the transportation networks within metropolitan areas, establishing the potential conflict occurrence and it provides interesting insights about the metropolitan transportation issues, raising red flags toward local and regional decision makers and planners.


The aim of this study was to examine occupation-associated effects on blood cytokine and immunoglobulin g (IgG) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSHPx, and catalase), nitrite and nitrate levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in gas station workers (GSWs). Trace elements (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in serum, and the amount of hemoglobin in erythrocytes were also determined. Forty male GSWs and 30 male controls were included in the study. No significant difference was observed between the hemoglobin levels of GSWs and those in controls. Proinflammatory cytokine levels, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 were significantly increased in GSWs' sera. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 were below the detection limit of the assay in both the groups. Cytokine receptor interleukin 2R concentration and IgG levels were also significantly increased. Approximately, two-fold increase in nitrite and nitrate concentrations was found in GSWs' sera. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme levels were significantly lower in GSWs' blood. MDA concentration, a measure of lipid peroxidation, was found to be significantly elevated. Zn levels were significantly decreased, whereas Cu and Pb levels were increased in GSWs' sera. Smoking was not found to be a major confounder for the association between exposure and blood parameters.


ABSTRACT The impact of varying computational mesh discretization on the accuracy of simulating velocities and water-surface elevations was investigated using the River2D model and data from 10 study reaches in three low-slope (<0.2%) Canadian rivers. A wide range of computational aspects were examined, including node spacing (1.35 to 60 m), number of mesh nodes (1250 to 58,000) and domain widths (60 to 800 m). Computed values for average cross-sectional velocities and water-surface profiles were compared with corresponding field survey data. The statistical mean absolute and root-mean-square errors were used to evaluate the discrepancy between measured and simulated values due to the mesh discretization characteristics. The results showed that mesh design discretization had a pronounced effect on the precision of the velocity and water-surface elevation predictions. Although the ratio of node spacing to river reach width may be site specific, it was found that optimal values should be <0.022 to obtain the highest accuracy. Regression equations of optimal ratios of node spacing to river reach width and the corresponding minimum mesh resolution errors were estimated. An example is provided that illustrates how the choice of computational mesh properties can affect habitat characterization for fish.


Many filters release particles and water-soluble materials when eluted with distilled water. Some filters tend to shed a proportion of the filter matrix (media migration ); membrane filters not previously rinsed sometimes shed a small amount of matrix, often cutting debris. Most membrane filters contain a nonionic detergent as a wetting agent, a plaslicizer such as glycerol, and a small amount of inorganic electrolyte (often calcium salts). The water-soluble organic solutes can be detected by reverse-phase thin layer chromatography and by isocratic reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Solutes isolated by these two procedures are partially identified by UV or IR absorbance. Inorganic solutes are quantitated by atomic absorbance spectroscopy. With the possible exception of fibers released from depth filters, the extractables are harmless to mice and guinea pigs, but can interfere with analyses.


AIM
Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) represents an adverse prognostic morphological feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is associated with an immunosuppressive tumor-immune microenvironment (TIM). However, the underlying factors characterizing the tumor cells and TIM in HCC with a VETC pattern (VETC-positive HCC) remain uncertain. Oncostatin M (OSM), a pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin-6 family, regulates various biological processes, including inflammation, proliferation, and invasiveness of tumor cells. We aimed to test a hypothesis that OSM is associated with the immunosuppressive TIM of VETC-positive HCC.

METHODS
A total of 397 consecutive HCC patients with curative-intent hepatectomy were included. OSM-positive cells and inflammatory cells including CD4-, CD8-, CD163-, FOXP3-positive cells were immunohistochemically evaluated. We compared VETC-positive and VETC-negative HCCs in terms of the number of these cells.

RESULTS
We found the VETC pattern in 62 patients (15.6%). Our analysis revealed a significant decrease in the expression of arginase-1, a marker associated with mature hepatocyte differentiation, in VETC-positive HCC (P = 0.046). The number of tumor-infiltrating OSM-positive cells was significantly low in VETC-positive HCC (P = 0.0057). Notably, in VETC-positive HCC, the number of OSM-positive cells was not associated with vascular invasion, whereas in VETC-negative HCC, an increase in the number of OSM-positive cells was associated with vascular invasion (P = 0.042).

CONCLUSIONS
We revealed the unique pathological features of VETC-positive HCC, such as low hepatocyte differentiation, decreased OSM-positive cells, and OSM-independent vascular invasion. These findings highlight the potential interaction between VETC-positive HCC cells and their TIM through the reduction of OSM-expressing cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The interfacial transition zone is a weak link of concrete structure,and a main reason of concrete cracks,so it is the most important way to increase interfacial bond strength by improving the structure of the concrete interface.This paper puts forward two methods,vibratory mixng method and secondary mixing method,to strengthen concrete interfacial bond strength.The mechanisms and experimental devices of vibratory mixing method and secondary mixing method are developed and tested.The results show that the concrete strength can be increased by vibratory mixing method,and the interface structure is changed and improved by secondary mixing technology.4 tabs,6 figs,9 refs.


In this article we use Foucault's conception of games of truth to investigate how truth in public policy is rhetorically constructed through the notion of "transparency." Data was collected from various public sources regarding a medal target policy promoted by Sport and Recreation New Zealand (Sparc) for the national team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. By analyzing the multifarious rhetoric surrounding the medal target policy, we show that the notion of transparency, although ostensibly appealing and helpful as a mechanism to justify goals, exposes inherent contradictions that were counter to Sparc's goals. The discussion encourages scholars and practitioners to conceive of policy as ongoing contests over truth. We suggest that practitioners might benefit from considering the problematic implications of promoting "transparent" public policy.


In Salmonella,the PhoP-PhoQ two-component signal transduction system (TCS) is a major regulator of virulence,consisting of the trans-membrane sensor,PhoQ,and the cytoplasmic regulator,PhoP. PhoP-PhoQ can regulate Salmonella adaption to a low Mg2+ environment and other periplasmic signals,mediating transcription and expression of genes that encode proteins essential to bacterial virulence in the host cell. PhoP-PhoQ is necessary for Salmonella in epithelium cell invasion,survival within macrophages,resistance to antimicrobial peptides,modification of lipid A,function of type Ⅲ secretion system,and pathogenesis. PhoP-PhoQ can also interact with other TCSs or regulators to form a perfect regulative network to ensure the regulation more suitable and well-rounded. Therefore,PhoP-PhoQ plays an important role in the regulation of Salmonella virulence.


We present our experience in a Computer Science (CS) introductory course, where three teaching practices were implemented and compared: lectured-based learning, problem-based learning, and peer instruction. We chose Information Systems, a first-term undergraduate course, for this study. It overviews a variety of topics in CS, such as algorithms, data structures and programming logic. We initially conducted interviews with previous instructors, who assisted in the collection of data, requirements, and needs pertaining to both students and instructors. We also carried out a survey among students enrolled in the program, in order to identify suggestions on how the classes could become more dynamic and motivating. In sequence, the experiment was designed to format and evaluate classes in the chosen paradigms. We focused on assessing and analyzing how the students' motivation and learning process were affected, as well as how difficult it was for instructors to prepare classes and how much time they expended in doing so. Results indicate that a paradigm shift from traditional teaching is not only expected by students and instructor; it is well received, and had a positive influence on the students' learning and motivation. We also found, however, that the proposed changes brought on an unwelcome overhead for the instructors, as additional time and effort are required to implement such practices.


Think, for a moment, about the quality of your life as a physician, and the impact on your effectiveness in practice, if you had almost no opportunities for socializing outside of work. Would it even be possible to sustain this for very long? It is arguably vital for physicians and their patients alike to make time for social and physical recreation. Recreation can literally "re-create," regenerating the psychological resources needed to face the challenges of our demanding lives. Recent research has consistently shown the importance of lifestyle factors, such as active involvement in social activities and social networks, for a variety of health outcomes, including cardiac and mental health to immune system function. For physicians, knowing about their patients' lifestyles is relevant to making diagnoses, treatment recommendations, and prognoses. In their study, reported in this edition of the Journal, Ory and colleagues examined the prevalence of discussions about an important lifestyle factor—social engagement. They found that whether patients are socially engaged and what this means to their overall health are not topics commonly considered in the context of the typical primary care visit with adults aged 65 and older. The data in this report are somewhat preliminary and, as the authors have acknowledged, there are some design and analysis limitations that are fairly common in a secondary analysis of an existing data set. Nevertheless, the data are relevant and timely, and the authors seem poised to continue to explore more deeply some of the many dimensions of this important topic. The authors reported several key findings: (1) Social activity involvement discussions (SAIDs) occur in less than a third of unique visits. When they do occur, they are most often linked with discussions of the importance of physical exercise for health. (2) The race of both patient and physician is associated with SAIDs. (3) There is significant regional variation in the use of SAIDs across the US and between urban and suburban locations. (4) Middle-aged physicians are more likely than older or younger physicians to have SAIDs, and those who were rated more highly on a measure of "supportiveness" had SAIDs more often. These results point to a constellation of factors that may predict when SAIDs will occur. But why might these factors, specifically, influence the occurrence of SAIDs? Because medicine has historically emphasized a mind/ body distinction, some physicians may under-appreciate the importance of psychological factors on physical outcomes. Hence, SAIDs may occur more often when conversations about exercise—a more biomedical construct—are also brought up. Involvement in social activities is often linked to socioeconomic status (SES). Older adults with a higher SES have the resources to pursue social activities that those with lower SES do not. Thus, it may not occur to the practitioner to initiate SAIDs with inner-city minority patients. More immediate medical concerns—such as attending to diabetic management—are likely to be perceived as more pressing than SAIDs. Although relevant, the role of family and friends in helping to manage a diabetic condition (ie, the importance of social networks), may be overlooked. The low prevalence of SAIDs among physicians age 60 and older may reflect a training-cohort effect. Only in the last several decades has the impact of social connectedness on patients' physical and mental health outcomes been recognized. Increased prevalence of SAIDs among "middle aged" physicians may reflect a growing awareness of the social networks literature, and their own personal involvement in social activities for protection against anticipated diseases in their own lives. The fact that younger doctors have SAIDs less frequently is a bit surprising; it may be that they are simply treating biomedical concerns without considering the importance of psychosocial well-being. They may grow in their awareness and confidence in addressing psychosocial matters as their experience increases. In a related vein, the From the Center on Age & Community, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, and the Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.


An exoteric experiment management system based on RFID technology is studied in this paper,dealing mainly with hardware architecture and software scheme.The key to the system is RFID technology,which achieves identification,attendance statistics,monitoring experimental course and fault diagnosis of equipment etc.,and can improve the management efficiency of exoteric experiment.


Plots were in a commercial cranberry marsh near Warrens, Wl, which had had a previous history of parathion treatment. The test was primarily to obtain residue data, but application dates were aimed at controlling spanworm and fireworm. Plot size was 10 x 10 ft (3.05 x 3.05 ml). Plots were replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Materials were applied to completely wet the foliage with a Solo Knapsacksprayer 425. Treatment dates for efficacy trials were 19 Jun, II Jul, and I Aug. Residue plots were treated separately. Spanworm and fireworm larvae were sampled with a sweepnet, 20 sweeps/plot, Fruitworm damage was assessed by counting all damaged and undamaged berries in four 0.1 m2 random subsamples in each plot (subsamples averaged approx. 90 berries each).


Purpose: i/ To compare the differences between the acute skin reaction of patients undergoing radiation therapy to the breast or chest wall washing with water and a mild cleansing agent (pH=7), and patients washing with water only, and ii/ to determine whether there is any psychological benefit for those patients washing with water and a mild cleansing agent compared to those washing with water only. Methods: Forty three (43) patients receiving tangential radiation therapy for early stage primary breast cancer were randomised to one of two treatment arms: Group 1 - washing with water and a mild cleansing agent (21 patients). Group 2 - washing with water only (22 patients). Acute skin reaction was assessed weekly by a radiation oncologist and radiation therapist using a modified EORTC/RTOG skin reaction scale. Acute skin reaction and psychological benefit was assessed by the patient using a weekly diary skin assessment card. Statistical analysis of the differences in skin reaction and the psychological benefit between the groups was tested. Results: No statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups was found for the degree of skin reaction for weeks one through to five. The study measured a statistically significant psychological benefit for those patients washing with water and a mild cleansing agent (p=0.016). Discussion: Given that there is no statistically significant difference in acute skin reactions between the two groups, the psychological benefit provided to those patients allowed to use a cleansing agent supports the skin care regime of washing with water and a mild cleansing agent. (author abstract)


This paper proposes a novel thresholding-based approach for the segmentation of pigmented skin lesion images regarding malignant melanoma diagnosis. This problem is challenging because of the high uncertainty and fuzziness encountered at the border between the lesion and the skin. The main contribution of this paper is the improvement of the segmentation accuracy of binarization algorithm that relies only on histogram information by integrating the spatial information. The proposed algorithm fuses Type-2 fuzziness measure in Graph Cuts (GC) energy minimization process, and by integrating the spatial information (pixel positions), embedded in GC energy minimization, the proposed method performs better than methods that relay only on the histogram information. Experimental results performed on dermoscopic images demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in comparison with other algorithms.


Polymer matrix composites are widely applied for the manufacturing of components employed in hostile environments to increase the service life and sometimes at a later stage for the reclamation of worn out parts. Every decade, numerous materials and techniques are being introduced and developed for the effective protection of low cost bulk materials out of which the fabrication of components could be done. Among such techniques hand layup, matched die mould methods, contact mould methods, filament winding and pultrusion methods has being employed increasingly in the process industries which has several significant advantages over other processes. It has become a process of its reliability, better process control, ease of use, good surface finish and closeness of dimensions. One among the method matched die mould method was selected as the process of preparation of the composite plate in the presented work. However, there are some inherent problems with control of resin flow, application of high temperature for curing during fabrication process. To address those main problems, a systematic investigation was carried out. The selected material is natural plant fibre available in abundant called "Crotalaria juncea" and is being employed as a green manuring plant in agriculture. In the investigation, the fibre is taken in two different forms of random and woven orientations and plate fabrication is done with unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix. The investigation is on woven orientation of biaxial, biaxially stitched and unidirectional woven types were done using the fibre to the size of the plate to be fabricated. Woven fibres of these three types were done at fibre design centre, Kerala. It was found that the fabrication could be done by placing two layer and three layer of the woven mat alone. So for the three woven types, two layer and three layer plates were fabricated to give about six plates in total. Here again to arrive at a closeness value for each combination, three plates were fabricated and the average value is got by testing. Tensile, flexural, impact and shear testing was done on all the plates as per ASTM standards and the responses were noted and plots were drawn and studied for the orientation for which the material possessed best property. The second part of the study was, with the experimental results got from the woven orientation, analysis was done by ANSYS and LS-DYNA software for the mechanical property and the responses got, was matching with the experimental testing methods and found that both the results were nearly the same thereby optimizing the results achieved. This is presented in detail in the forth coming chapters. The studies revealed that the fibre parameters taken had a significant influence on the mechanical properties. It was found that at a particular weight fraction the mechanical properties achieved the highest values in case of random orientation and particular woven orientations in case woven types. The increase in layers also had an influence over the property of the material. This composite prepared also initiates us in preparing newer composites with existing natural fibers, which haven't been yet explored and which can reduce the cost. This gives way also in preparation of the same and releasing a newer variety of material to the Engineering industry which can be suited for some required application.


A polymer–drug conjugate was developed by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) to &agr;,&bgr;-poly[(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-aspartamide] (PHEA) with a succinic spacer. The suitability of PHEA–DOX in intraperitoneal chemotherapy was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the release rate of DOX from PHEA–DOX in S180 ascites was faster than that in mouse serum or in buffer solutions. An in-vivo antitumor study revealed that PHEA–DOX was more effective than DOX against solid S180 tumor after intraperitoneal injection at the same dose of 10 or 15 mg (DOX eq.)/kg, respectively. At a high dose of 28 mg (DOX eq.)/kg, which was lethal for free DOX to mice, PHEA–DOX could inhibit 61.5% of solid S180 tumor growth and markedly prolonged the survival time of ascetic S180-bearing mice. The toxicological effects of PHEA–DOX injected intraperitoneally in normal mice were assessed by using LD50, body weight increment, electrocardiography, blood biochemical indices, and myocardium histology, giving evidence that PHEA–DOX displayed considerably reduced systemic and cardiotoxicity compared with free DOX. All results suggest that PHEA–DOX has great potential for intraperitoneal chemotherapy because of its high therapeutic effects and few adverse side effects.


One possible side effect of foreign debt accumulation is that affected countries may be forced to lower the share of public spending devoted to investment in physical or human capital. The paper investigates this hypothesis by looking at the debt and public expenditure data of 125 countries between 1975 and 1985. The results show that share of investment in public spending has been sharply reduced in the most indebted region, Latin America, whereas the evidence for other world regions is mixed.


Quantum detectors respond to electromagnetic radiation by generating a photocurrent. The detection mechanism involves absorption of photons whose energy exceeds the band gap of the detector material. The absorption generates excited mobile charge carriers (electron-hole pairs) that form the photocurrent. The quantum detectors sensitive in near infrared (NIR) and middle infrared (MIR) wavelength range will be discussed. Different quantum detector types will be outlined including their detection mechanism and performance. Most recent developments in room temperature type-II strained-layer superlattice or digital alloy detectors with sensitivity range between 3 - 5 μm will be included.


Urmia Lake in northwestern Iran has been facing critical water level shrinkage in recent years with serious environmental consequences. It is expected that with the current trend, the lake will be completely dried out in a few years from now. This study attempts to assess the impacts of human activities on water level fluctuations of Urmia Lake by developing a comprehensive hydrologic simulation model. Model development and calibration was carefully accomplished by utilizing effective water resources management components in the basin. An important contribution was accomplished by properly estimating the agricultural water demand and consumption in the absence of measured data. Result of long-term simulation reveals that excessive water consumption by inefficient and expanding irrigated agriculture is the main reason for Urmia Lake shrinkage. It was found that main reservoirs are only responsible for 23% of current situation. Whereas, 77% of the current crisis has been caused by miscellaneous agricultural water withdrawals in the basin.


Dopamine D 3 receptor ligands were reviewed in this paper.Aminotetralin derivatives is a main kind of them.After comparing the molecule structure,receptor affinity an d receptor selectivity of them,I made a prospective re search future of high se lective and affinity ligands of dopamine D3receptor.


In order to isolate mutants in Rhizopus nigricans, the optimal treatment conditions for the chemical mutagens, N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate(EMS), were explored. When MNNG was used as the chemical mutagen, the optimum concentration and treatment time for the best mutation frequency were and 60 minutes, respectively. Under the optimum conditions for MNNG, the survival rate was 0.1-1.0%. The leucine auxotroph could be isolated. The phenotypic characteristics of the three mutants prepared are as follows; shortened sporangiophore, spiral sporangiophore, and reduced size of sporangium and sporangiospore. However, EMS as the chemical mutagen was ineffective for this species.


Cyber-Physical System (CPS) emerges as a potential direction to improve the applications relating to object-to-object, human-to-human and human-to-object communications in both the real world and virtual world. The examples of CPSs include Smart Girds (SG), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), transportation networks etc. However, the Ubiquitiy of CPSs pose extra challenges to the systems, such as intrusions from external agent and failures originated internally in nodes of the networks. These internally appeared failures are generally referred to as faults. The Drift fault, that result in increasing linearly the output of sensor from normal value, is the most commonly occured fault in sensor nodes. In this paper, a fault detection model is proposed using machine learning to identify drift fault immediately after it appears in sensor. The proposed approach uses an Auto-Encoder (AE) to extract features from the raw signal of sensor. The vector of features is forwrded to Support Vector Machine (SVM) for fault identification. We compare the performance of four different architectures of AE: primary AE, Stacked AE (SAE), Denoising AE (DAE), and Stacked Denoising AE (SDAE). The number of features extracted by these network is varied from 2 to 15. The accuracy of the SVM is used as a parameter for comparison. The results shows that the DAE outperform the counter AE, SAE, and SDAE architectures.


This paper proposes a layered networked SIWS (Susceptible-Infected-Water-Susceptible) model, for an SIS-type waterborne disease spreading over a human contact network connected to a water distribution network that has a pathogen spreading in it. Conditions for local and global stability of the healthy state, where no one is sick and the water network is not contaminated, are provided. We also pose an observability problem, and show under certain conditions if you observe some of the human contact network you can recover the pathogen levels in the water network.


With the recent development of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogs, physicians have manipulated gonadotropin secretion and, consequently, to treat sex steroid-dependent hormonal disorders such as central precocious puberty...


This paper investigates the capacity of a channel in which information is conveyed by the timing of consecutive packets passing through a queue with independent and identically distributed service times. Such timing channels are commonly studied under the assumption of a work-conserving queue. In contrast, this paper studies the case of a bufferless queue that drops arriving packets while a packet is in service. Under this bufferless model, the paper provides upper bounds on the capacity of timing channels and establishes achievable rates for the case of bufferless M/M/1 and M/G/1 queues. In particular, it is shown that a bufferless M/M/1 queue at worst suffers less than 10% reduction in capacity when compared to an M/M/1 work-conserving queue.


Shanghai possesses an apt legacy, once referred to as "Paris of the East". Municipal aspirations for Shanghai to assume a position among the great fashion cities of the world have been integrated in the recent re-shaping of this modern city into a role model for Chinese creative enterprise yet China is still known primarily as centre of clothing production.

Increasingly however, "Made in China" is being replaced by "Created in China" drawing attention to two distinct consumer markets for Chinese designers. Fashion designers who have entered the global fashion system for education or by showing their collections have generally adopted a design aesthetic that aligns with Western markets, allowing little competitive advantage.

In contrast, Chinese designers who rest their attention on the domestic Chinese market find a disparate, highly competitive marketplace. The pillars of authenticity that for foreign fashion brands extend far into their cultural and creative histories, often for many decades in the case of Louis Vuitton, Hermes and Christian Dior do not yet exist in China in this era of rapid globalisation. Here, the cultural bedrock allows these same pillars to extend only thirty years or so into the past reaching the moments when Deng Xiaoping granted China's creative entrepreneurs passage.

To this end, interviews with fashion designers in Shanghai have been undertaken during the last twelve months for a PhD dissertation. Production of culture theory has been used to identify working methods, practices of production and the social and cultural milieu necessary for designers to achieve viability.


A 75 year old woman was treated for over three years with the somatostatin analogue, octreotide for an insulinoma. She had presented in a hypoglycaemic coma. C-peptide and insulin concentrations were both raised and an area of increased vascularity within the pancreas was shown by angiography. No lesion was found at laparotomy and no resection was performed. After over three years of octreotide treatment it was withdrawn for a week. Her insulin and C-peptide concentrations were greatly reduced at this time and remained so.


The treatment effect with different aqueous extracts of different tree species on Al content and Al distribution rate in different organs of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings was measured 6 years after the application.The results showed that the higher concentrations of aqueous extracts of Schima superba,Pinus massioniana and C.lanceolata were,the higher Al contents in different organs of C.lanceolata seedlings were.Al contents in different organs of C.lanceolata seedlings that had been treated with high concentration aqueous extract of C.lanceolata were higher than those of seedling treated with aqueous extracts of S.superba and P.massioniana. As far as the Al distribution rate was concerned,high concentrations of C.lanceolata aqueous extracts had positive effect on promoting Al distribution rate in leaf,stem,bark and root,while high concentrations of aqueous extracts of S.superba and P.massioniana had positive effect on promoting Al distribution rate in stem,bark and root system of C.lanceolata seedlings.


Eldest Son and Ancestor par excellence in chapter six. This is followed by a chapter on the "Jesus-oriented" Christology of C.S. Song. The next two chapters presents important theological insights of the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences (FABC) that have far-reaching implications on ecclesiology, ministry, mission, dialogue, and liberation. Chapter eight engages the FABC's ecclesiology and missiology in dialogue with John Paul II's apostolic exhortation, Ecclesia in Asia. This is followed by a chapter that studies the FABC's theological approach to human development and evangelization that seeks to respond to the immense poverty that bedevils Asia. Chapter eleven discusses the inculturation of catechesis in Asia, studying the historical example of Alexandre de Rhodes' Cathechismus and the contemporary Catechism for Filipino Catholics. Finally, Phan turns his attention to his Vietnamese roots, sketching out the contours of a Vietnamese American theology that builds upon the Vietnamese American experience of "dwelling in the interstice between two cultures and two Churches." Notwithstanding its subtitle Asian American Theology in the Making, in reality the essays collected in this work focus primarily on Asian theology, i.e., a theology that is emerging from and responding to the exigencies of the Asian world. Readers who are interested in finding out Phan's perspectives on and responses to a host of sociocultural and theological issues raised by other prominent Asian American theologians would be disappointed. However, readers who are interested in Phan's original thinking in the various aspects of Asian theology would discover that many of his classic essays, which were previously published in a wide range of international theological journals from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, are now conveniently available in this volume. On this basis, this book is a welcome addition to the growing collection of books on contextual theologies in general, and Asian theologies in particular.


Natural gas hydrate is a future energy resource, but it will be discomposed and release large volumes of methane when environment temperature or pressure changes, which will not only alter mechanical property of the sediments causing geo-hazards such as seafloor landslide but also make global climate change. It is must taken consideration of the potential geo-hazard and environment effects causecd by utility of gas hydrate as a future energy resourse.


The present invention discloses a display panel and a manufacturing method for a display device, the display panel comprising: an array substrate and the substrate cassette, the display panel further comprising: an electrochromic structure, the electrochromic structure for, when the leakage of light absorption of the display panel when the display panel exhibits a dark state. When the display panel exhibits a bright state, the electrochromic structure presentation transparent state; when the display panel exhibits a dark state, the electrochromic structure presentation colored state, the colored state exhibits electrical electrochromic structure can absorb light, and thus minimize the display panel light leakage at dark state, so that the minimum brightness of the display panel decreases, and thus improve the contrast of the display panel.


A new solid-phase extraction method has been developed for the selective extraction of Cu(II) in an aqueous system using freshly precipitated lead diethyldithiocarbamate (Pb(DDTC)2) as a reagent. The method is based on the quantitative replacement of Pb(II) ions in the solid Pb(DDTC)2 phase by Cu(II) ions present in aqueous phase. The obtained solid Cu(DDTC)2 phase was dissolved in chloroform and determined spectrophotometrically at 435 nm. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range of 0.2–5 mg dm−3. The molar absorptivity and the Sandell's sensitivity coefficients of the solutions were 1.0689 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0060 µg cm−2, respectively. The optimum conditions for each parameter were experimentally determined and possible interferences of various salts were also studied. The method has been validated and applied to determine Cu(II) in various alloys and water samples.


State Succession — Treaties — Effect of Merger of States. Extradition — Conditions of — Extradition for Offences not Included in the Treaty. Treaties — Operation of — Requirement of Incorporation in Municipal Law — The Law of India. International Law — Relation to Municipal Law — Treaties — Whether Part of Municipal Law — Extradition — Extradition for Offences Extraditable under Municipal Law but not under Relevant Treaty — Whether Lawful — Composite States — Extinction of States — Effect on Treaties — The Law of India.


Julius von Payer was born near Teplitz in Bohemia. ... Due to his expertise on alpine glaciers, he was invited to join the German Polar Expedition of 1869-70, which worked in "new" areas in northeast Greenland. ... Payer and his friend naval Lieutenant Weyprecht thought that the area between Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya might offer a relatively ice-free zone to the north. Financed by Count Wylzeck, they chartered a small sailing vessel and during a favourable period in 1871 made a preliminary expedition in the area, reaching a maximal northern latitude of 78.5. Their next and last polar expedition, 1872-74, led to what might be called the "accidental" discovery of an archipelago of islands that they named Franz Josef Land, after their emperor. ... In September 1872 the [motorized sailing ship] Tegetthoff became ice bound and drifted northward over an irregular course. In August 1873 the southernmost island of Franz Josef Land was seen but could not be reached until October of the same year. Lieutenant Weyprecht commanded the ship and Payer led the sled expeditions that in early 1874 discovered the central portion of the island archipelago. ... Payer's sledge parties covered about 800 km, the northernmost point being 81 51 N. ... Their ship was still ice bound when the sledge parties returned. Some members of the expedition had died, including an old Norwegian whaling captain. In May, an expedition with sleds and three 60-m boats struck out for the depot left in 1871 on the island of Novaya Zemlya. Progress over the snow-covered ice was so slow that after eight days the leaders decided to await the breakup of the ice. It was mid-August before they were able to row and sail southward, covering the 300 km to Novaya Zemlya. Because of the land ice on the west coast of the island, they were unable to get to their depot and had to sail and row almost to its southern extremity before they were picked up by a Russian fishing vessel on 24 August 1874. ... Payer was not only an alpinist and explorer but also an artist. His book is illustrated with many drawings, two of which are reproduced here. Payer also made water-colour sketches in the Arctic. On his return from the North, Payer lived as a civilian in Paris until 1890, where he studied art. He then returned to Vienna and opened his own school of painting. He painted arctic landscapes based on sketches he had made during his expeditions. These were well received at several important exhibitions and he was, in fact, the first artist to depict the Arctic in colours. He died in Vienna in 1915.


This paper presents a formula for the calculation of excess pore water pressure, considering the diffusion and dissipation of pore pressure at the state of vertical one-dimensional drainage. Four types of boundary drainage are considered where the horizontal saturated and deposit surface is subjected to overburden pressure. The effect of various boundary conditions of saturated sand deposits on overburden pressure anti-liquefaction ability is analyzed under the assumption that pore pressure ratio is linear with vibration time ratio.


A mathematical model is presented which describes the evolution of electromagnetic radiation in a free-electron laser (FEL), without any stringent assumptions regarding the envelope of the radiation pulse. The derived set of equations is nearly identical to the traditional set, which needed the assumption of a slowly varying radiation amplitude and phase. Although rapid variations in the radiation envelope do have influence on the dynamics of the electrons, ignoring this fact does not cause excessive errors. Consequently, it is concluded that the region of validity of the traditional FEL equations is much larger than has been realized sor far.


After entering the new century,the teaching reform of college English major is imperative.Reinforcing the teaching of British and American cultures is the inner requirements of deepening English teaching reform,strengthening the study of the college English majors' attainments of the cultures is the focal point of improving the quality of English teaching.This paper based on the point of view of cultural attainments explores the importance of training the English majors' cultural attainments and how to infiltrate the cultures into the English teaching.


In markets which are dominated by a relatively small amount of …rms which can form bilateral (cost reducing) R&D agreements we often observe that …rms end up forming R&D coalitions. The main contribution of this paper is to show that when we introduce farsightedness through the concept of indirect dominance we can support a particular network of two asymmetric groups of …rms as a von Neumann Morgenstern Farsightedly Stable Set. This particular network consists of a large group of connected …rms and a small group of connected …rms and, interestingly, coincides with the equilibrium partition in Bloch's endogenous coalition formation game (1995). Introducing farsightedness thus allows us to better explain empirically observed network structures. In addition we show that that neither pairwise stable networks (Goyal and Joshi, 2003), nor e¢ cient networks (Westbrock, 2010) can be a singleton farsightedly stable set. E¢ cient networks can thus not be sustained, on their own, as a farsighted standard of behavior: forward looking …rms cannot fully internalize the negative externalities they impose on each other through network formation. JEL classi…cation: C71, D85, L22


A technique combining suppression polymerase chain reaction with suppression subtractive hybridization was used to clone low-abundance transcripts that showed enhanced expression during salt stress in light-grown callus of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., the ice plant. Three salt-induced cDNAs were selected by the prolonged film exposure time when analyzed by northern blotting. All of them showed different response kinetics to 200 mM NaCI, but were all expressed at increased levels in the presence of high salts at the cellular level. Analysis of nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences of these cDNAs revealed that they encoded a protein involved in K + uptake (suppressor of K + transport growth defect [SKD1]), an enzyme in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic cycle (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme [UBC]; EC 188.8.131.52), and a low-molecular mass basic stress-induced protein. The SKDI-like gene was constitutively expressed in the root and up-regulated in the leaf upon salt stress. The levels of other two transcripts remained relatively unchanged in the leaf and increased in the root by high salt. The possible roles of these gene products in the mechanism of salt tolerance in this halophyte are discussed.


To cut down the operational procedures and improve the accuracy and efficiency of assembly,the reinforced assembly algorithm based on assembly features was proposed according to assembly function of CAD software.It achieves the goal of reinforced assembly with utilization of features recognition and assembly relationship between the features,and moves on to the assembly automation.With the characteristic of features expansion,it improves the efficiency of assembly function of CAD software.


Stimulation of thymocytes or mature T cells via the T cell receptor (TcR)/CD3 complex activates a cascade of processes inducing cells to enter the cell cycle. A key step is the activation of phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) within seconds following TcR/CD3 stimulation, an event which is strongly enhanced by co‐ligation of the CD4 (or CD8) accessory molecule with TcR/CD3. In contrast, co‐ligation of CD45 inhibits the same TcR/CD3 responses. The machinery which couples the TcR/CD3 complex, CD4, and CD45 to PI‐PLC appears to involve regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation, as the TcR/CD3 and CD4 receptors are associated with the tyrosine kinases p59fyn and p56lck, respectively, and CD45 has intrinsic tyrosine phosphatase activity. Here, we have examined the ability of CD45 to regulate signal transduction via TcR/CD3 in human thymocytes. Co‐cross‐linking CD45 to the TcR/CD3 complex strongly suppressed the tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates normally seen following TcR/CD3 stimulation. This effect of CD45 was associated with inhibition of a rise in intracellular calcium following TcR/CD3 ligation. Since TcR/CD3 stimulation of mature T cells induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ1, we investigated this phenomenon in thymocytes, and asked whether ligation of CD45 might regulate this process. By immunoprecipitation we found that TcR/CD3 stimulation induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ1, an effect which was enhanced by co‐cross‐linking CD4 to TcR/CD3. In contrast, co‐ligation of CD45 strongly blocked PLCγ1 phosphorylation induced by either stimulus. Consistent with previous findings in mature T cells, CD45 cross‐linking was able to partially inhibit TcR/CD3‐induced thymocyte proliferation when interleukin 2 was used as a second signal, but almost completely (80%–90%) blocked proliferation when anti‐CD28 mAb was used as the second signal, suggesting that CD45 cross‐linking may be able to block interleukin 2 production via the CD28 pathway. These effects of CD45 on TcR/CD3 signaling and proliferation in thymocytes point towards a potential role for this pathway in thymic selection.


Abstract News following the 2014 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip warned of the possibly catastrophic costs to Palestinians facing a clean water shortage. This article will argue that within the context of the occupation of the Palestinian territories, literary representations of water and waste are bound up in justifications for and resistance to the Israeli state's exercise of necropolitical power. Representing water and, particularly, polluted water is vexed by questions of who is responsible for the management of water and the production of waste versus who is responsible for the inability, often exacerbated by water shortages, to remediate this waste. This article will examine how these questions are answered by one Israeli and three Palestinian contemporary authors: David Grossman, Anton Shammas, Sahar Khalifeh, and Taha Muhammad Ali.


Radiation measurements are critical in radioanalytical, nuclear chemistry, and biomedical physics. Continuous advancement in developing economical, sensitive, and compact devices designed to detect and measure radiation has increased its capability in many applications. In this work, we presented and investigated the performance of a cost-effective X-ray radiation detector based on the extended gate field effect transistors (EGFET). We examined the sensitivity of Al-doped Zinc oxide (AZO) of varying thicknesses, fabricated by chemical bath deposition (CBD), following X-ray irradiation with low and high doses. EGFETs were used to connect samples for their detection capabilities. As a function of the absorbed dose, the response was analyzed based on the threshold voltage shift, and the sensitivity of each device was also evaluated. We demonstrated that thin films are less sensitive to radiation than their disk-type EG devices. However, performance aspects of the devices, such as radiation exposure sensitivity and active dosage region, were found to be significantly reliant on the composition and thickness of the materials used. These structures may be a cost-effective alternative for real-time, room-temperature radiation detectors.


The application of microalgae-based wastewater treatment was first introduced in the 1940s to treat municipal wastewater. Microalgae have been studied for its various potentials such as for nutrients removal, carbon dioxide (CO2) removal, biofuel production from biomass, etc. This chapter focuses on the potential of microalgae membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment, microalgae cultivation, and harvesting. Furthermore, the selection of microalgae species is covered by comparison of nitrogen, phosphorus, COD, and BOD removal from various studies. Microalgae membrane bioreactors combine the biological treatment of microalgae with the conventional membrane bioreactor. Still, membrane fouling phenomenon is a challenge in microalgae membrane technology. Thus, several other technologies of immobilized microalgae are introduced which can potentially reduce the membrane fouling occurrence and concurrently remove the need for microalgae harvesting process.


CdGa2O4 spinel was found to be a promising material as a transparent electronic conductor. By measurements of diffuse reflectance spectra, CdGa2O4 was found to have a wider band gap (∼3.5 eV) than indium tin oxide. The electrical conductivity of the sintered sample of CdGa2O4 was over 102 S cm−1 with no intentional doping.


This experiment was conducted for eight weeks to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Gallinarum (Gr. D1-1, 9, 12) and treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum (G. Don). The experimental design was a factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design (CRD) involving one hundred and sixty two (162) unsexed day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks. The chickens were allotted to nine (9) groups of three (3) replicates with each replicate comprising six (6) birds of infected, non-infected, treated and untreated group. Phytochemical screening of C. albidum revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The extract and the standard drug were th administered at 7 day post infection. There were significant differences (P< 0.05) in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Lymphocyte (LYM) and none in Heterophil (HET), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Monocytes, Basophils and Eosinophils at all levels. The highest values of PCV (33.67±1.86a ), RBC (3.02±0.4a ) and Hb (11.23±0.62a ) though normal were observed in the standard drug (Doxygen®) group. Most of the serum biochemical parameters were found to be within range usually seen in avian species. It was concluded that ethanolic leaf extract of C. albidum had no deleterious effect on haematological and biochemical indices of broiler chickens and hence can be further explored pharmaceutically for its usefulness in treating fowl typhoid.


We examine the environment of star-forming galaxies selected in the 2dFGRS. We find that bright star-forming galaxies display a significant deficit of faint neighbours relative to passive galaxies. If a deficit in fainter companions implies a smaller mass halo, data support a scenario predicting star-formation to be suppressed in all systems more massive than 10^{13} M_sun,rather than in clusters only.


October 29, 2019 1463 BACKGROUND: Outcome trials in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have demonstrated reduced hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. However, few of these patients had HF, and those that did were not well-characterized. Thus, the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with established HF with reduced ejection fraction, including those with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus, remain unknown.


SUMMARY I. Short-chain lecithins (with Cg, C,, and C, fatty acid esters) have been used to study kinetically the enzymatic hydrolysis by pancreatic phospholipase A (EC 18.104.22.168) in aqueous systems, without the addition of emulsifiers. 2. Although phospholipase A is able to attack these substrates in molecularly dispersed form, micellar solutions are hydrolyzed at a much higher rate. 3. Of the three substrates examined, dioctanoyllecithin appeared to be the best substrate. Differences in maximal velocities might be interpreted in terms of interfacial area per molecule. 4. Caz+ is specifically required for activity of pancreatic phospholipase A. The kinetic results are consistent with a random mechanism in which the metal ion combines with the enzyme independently of the substrate. The substrate was found to combine with the enzyme independently of the metal ion concentration. 5. Kinetic parameters were determined with diheptanoyllecithin as a substrate over a pH range from 5 to g. Maximal binding of enzyme with substrate was observed at pH < 6. The affinity of the enzyme for Ca 2+ decreased at pH values below 6.5. 6. VVith diheptanoyIlecithin as substrate, maximal velocities at infinite substrate and Ca2+ concentrations showed an optimum at pH 5.75. 7. NaCI at high concentrations (up to 3.9 &I) gave a So-fold stimulation of the ?I,,, (diheptanoyllecithin as substrate). The KS value decreased slightly with increasing salt concentrations, while the Kca2+ increased very strongly. The activating effect of salt is presumed to be caused by a change of the properties of the lipidwater interface.


This paper studies the optimality of OFDMA in MIMO enabled multiuser multicarrier uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) dual system. In the special low SNR and SIMO cases, we prove that OFDMA is actually DL sum rate optimal. For the general MIMO case, we modify the algorithms in [1] and [2] to compute the optimal sum capacity of multiuser multicarrier UL/DL system. Our numerical results show the probability of OFDMA being sum-rate optimal is non-travial regardless of the SNR regions. Finally, we evaluate a set of computation efficient sum-rate approaches for OFDMA.


This paper explores the structural change in the job matching process in the United States from 1923 to 1932. Bai–Perron test is employed with data from public employment offices. The result shows that there are two structural changes, July 1928 and August 1930. The first breakpoint corresponds to approximately a year before the stock market crash, implying that there was a sign of downturn in the labor market when the economy was still in a period of expansion. The second break point is related to the Great Contraction when the entire economy was going in a downward spiral.


Abstract : The objective of this research is the determination of techniques for changing preferences toward new equipment to ameliorate the problem of equipment rejection and to predict susceptibility to preference change. Two types of performance were tested; success, in which subjects were given differential feedback concerning their performance, and same in which subjects were given equal feedback concerning their performance. On two measures, stated preference and a semantic differential attitude measure, a trend for the success performance technique to influence change in the desired direction was observed. This trend was not observed for the same performance technique. Prediction of preference change from background data has not been successful. Proposed research is to be directed toward determining parameters which optimize the performance technique as a preference change method; its utility when administered on a group basis; conditions for bringing about a spread of preferences to a group from key members; and the study of preference trends over time. (Author)


Data security and Access control is a challenging research work in Cloud Computing. Cloud service users upload there private and confidential data over the cloud. Security must be provided to such outsourced data, so that user are not worried while uploading there confidential data. Recent technologies suffer from computational problem of keys and there exchange. This paper addresses the various problems and issues involved in using cloud services such as key generation, data security, authentication. This paper addresses this problem using access control technique that ensures only valid users will access there outsourced data. This paper proposes a Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol between cloud service provider and the user for secretly sharing a symmetric key for secure data access that solves the problem of key distribution and management. Authentication will be done using Two Factor Authentication Technique with the help of key generated using Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm The proposed work is highly efficient and secure under existing security models.


The transmission of light through a single nanoslit milled in the metallic film is enhanced by using an array of nanocavity antennas. It is shown that transmission efficiency through a 25-nm-wide silver nanoslit can be enhanced to η=151 when six pairs of nanostrips are placed 50 nm away from the input surface of the silver film at wavelength λ0=1 μm. The influences of both the nanoslit position and the slit-to-strip distance on the extraordinary transmission are investigated, and the physical mechanism is explained.


Objective To analyze the incidence,risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury(AKI) in very low birth weight infants(VLBWIs).Methods Clinical data of 87 VLBWIs were retrospectively analyzed.AKI was diagnosed by the Acute Kidney Injury Network(AKIN),based on which the VLBWIs were assigned into two groups of A(33 cases,with AKI) and B(54 cases,without AKI).Results Of 33 AKI infants,14 cases(16.1%) were in stage 1,10 cases(11.5%) in stage 2,9 cases(10.3%) in stage 3.Mortality was much higher in group A than that in group B(51.5% vs.5.6%)(P0.01).The mortality rates of AKIN stage 1,2 and 3 in group A were 21.4%,60.0% and 88.9%(P0.01),respectively,which were all higher than 5.6% in group B(P0.01).The perinatal asphyxia,nosocomial sepsis,acute respiratory distress syndrome and mechanical ventilation≥3 days were the independent risk factors for developing AKI in VLBWIs.Conclusion The VLBWIs have a higher incidence of AKI.AKIN staging is valuable in early diagnosis and predicing the prognosis of AKI in the VLBWIs.


Henkin introduced the general idea of dependent quantifiers extending classical first-order logic [2], cf. [3] for an overview. This leads to the notion of a partially ordered quantifier with m universal quantifiers and n existential quantifiers, where F is a function that determines for each existential quantifier on which universal quantifiers it depends (m and n may be any finite number). The simplest Henkin quantifier that is not definable in ordinary first-order logic is the quantifier QH binding four variables in a formula. A formula A using QH can be written as AH = ( ∀x ∃u ∀y ∃v ) A(x, y, u, v). This is to be read "For every


The invention provides a manufacturing method for an element chip which can suppress the creeping of a conductive material in an installing process. In a plasma processing process used for a method of manufacturing element chips by which a plurality of element chips are manufactured by dividing a substrate having a plurality of element regions, the substrate is exposed to first plasma, and thereby the substrate is divided into element chips (10), and the element chips having first surfaces (10a), second surfaces (10b), and side surfaces (10c) connecting the first surfaces (10a) to the second surfaces (10b) are held with an interval between the element chips on the carrier (4). The element chips (10) are exposed to second plasma which uses a mixed gas of fluorocarbon and helium as a raw material gas, and thereby a protection film (12c) covering the side surfaces (10c) is formed, and a conductive material is prevented from creeping up to the side surfaces (10c) during a mounting process.


We report a case of a 44-year-old male patient who presented with melena and hemodynamic instability. The endoscopic investigation of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract was initially negative, but a repeat gastroduodenoscopy revealed a submucosal mass in the lesser curvature of the stomach with central erosion, primarily perceived as ectopic pancreas, but it was later discovered that it pertained to a gastrointestinal stromal tumor.


There is a growing body of data indicating that evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) can be used to accurately and efficiently screen for identification of neonatal hearing impairment. The goal of neonatal hearing screening is to identify those infants at risk for significant peripheral hearing loss. Several studies have found that in the absence of external and middle ear pathology transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are robust and broad-band in normally hearing neonates, infants, and young children and absent in children with hearing losses of 40-50 dB or greater. In addition, in a quiet and/or sleeping neonate TEOAE screening of both ears can be completed in about 10 minutes or approximately half the time typically required for auditory brainstem response (ABR) screening


Inspired by the implementation of the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) and its applications in optics, we address the problem of reconstructing a signal from its several FRFT magnitudes (or intensities). The matrix completion method is adopted here. Through numerical tests, the matrix completion method is proven effective in both noisy and noise-free situations. We also compare our method with the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm based on FRFT. Numerical tests show that the matrix completion method gains a certain advantage in recovering uniqueness and convergence over the GS algorithm in the noise-free case. Furthermore, in terms of noisy signals, the matrix completion method performs robustly and adding more measurements can generally increase accuracy of recovered signals.


PurposeThe purpose of this article is to present the implementation process in Germany and Austria of MARC 583 as an example for a supraregional cooperative library workflow in the fields of preservation and archiving.Design/methodology/approachBased upon PDA: Terminology, the MARC 583 "Action note" data element for inventory preservation and archiving was implemented in all library union catalogues in Germany and Austria. Strong cooperation in the Consortium of Library Networks has been a precondition for the introduction of MARC 583 in 2019. Using German Union Catalogue of Serials – Zeitschriftendatenbank as an example, areas of cooperative collaboration at the regional, supraregional, and national levels are explained.FindingsMARC 583 allows the union catalogues to provide sustainable and transparent information about digitization, filming, mass deacidifation, and archiving measures and the participating libraries to save resources in these fields of "action."Originality/value An example for the implementation of PDA: Terminology originates in the Anglo-American library world. This article describes the implementation of a workflow in two German-speaking countries with different approaches and projects.


Postpartum uterine diseases are important for animal welfare and economic reasons, causing cow discomfort, elimination from the herd and impaired reproductive performance. Metritis is characterized as an abnormally enlarged uterus and a fetid, watery, redbrown uterine discharge within 21 days after parturition. Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrium after 21 days postpartum without systemic signs of illness, and can be considered the chronic stage of uterine inflammation. It has been reported that the metritis affects 10 to 20% of cows, and endometritis affects 5.3 to 52.6% of cows. Metritis affects the cow systemically, and has a negative impact on milk production and reproductive performance. Cows affected with endometritis are not systemically ill, and do not have their milk production altered; however, they have impaired reproductive performance. Metritis and endometritis are complex multifactorial diseases, and a wide range of factors contributes to their occurrence. They are often associated with mixed bacterial infection of the uterus, and the major pathogens associated with uterine diseases are Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Events during the transition period related to negative energy balance and metabolic imbalance, mineral deficiencies, leading to immunosuppression are of great important during establishment of intrauterine bacterial infections. This, combined with endometrium trauma events during parturition (such as calving related problems), and environmental factors (poor hygiene at calving, housing type and calving season), increases the risk of metritis and endometritis.


Facial expressions are mirrors of human thoughts and feelings. It provides a wealth of social cues to the viewer, including the focus of attention, intention, motivation, and emotion. It is regarded as a potent tool of silent communication. Analysis of these expressions gives a significantly more profound insight into human behavior. AI-based Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has become one of the crucial research topics in recent years, with applications in dynamic analysis, pattern recognition, interpersonal interaction, mental health monitoring, and many more. However, with the global push towards online platforms due to the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a pressing need to innovate and offer a new FER analysis framework with the increasing visual data generated by videos and photographs.Furthermore, the emotion-wise facial expressions of kids, adults, and senior citizens vary, which must also be considered in the FER research. Lots of research work has been done in this area. However, it lacks a comprehensive overview of the literature that showcases the past work done and provides the aligned future directions. In this paper, the authors have provided a comprehensive evaluation of AI-based FER methodologies, including datasets, feature extraction techniques, algorithms, and the recent breakthroughs with their applications in facial expression identification. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the only review paper stating all aspects of FER for various age brackets and would significantly impact the research community in the coming years.


Are mobile phones the best vehicle for reducing gender inequality in the developing world? ICT experts champion the use of mobile phones to improve women's lives, and various stakeholders have invested millions of dollars to launch mobile phone programs for women. Yet, given high female illiteracy rates, patriarchal societies, and other structural and cultural barriers in developing countries, many scholars contend that limited access to ICTs can perpetuate gender inequality. Rooted in the theory that women's empowerment and equality are inseparable and necessary components for the realization of sustainable economic and social development, this paper aims to determine if stakeholders are jumping on the mobile phone bandwagon too soon by using a multivariate regression of cross national data to demonstrate whether or not mobile phones fall short of advancing women at the same rate that men develop. INDEX WORDS: Information communication technologies, Gender inequality, Women empowerment, Mobile phones, Economic empowerment, Development MOBILE PHONES AND GENDER INEQUALITY: CAN WE HEAR HER NOW?


As wind turbines become larger, the area swept by the rotor will contain larger variations in wind speed and direction causing varying loads on the turbine. Some of these loads can be alleviated using individual pitch control. In this study, a previous study on individual pitch control is ex-tended to include model predictive control based on preview measurements of the local inflow. The model predictive controller is tested through simulations and the performance of the controller is compared to the performance of a collective pitch controller and a linear quadratic individual pitch controller. The performance of the model predictive controller is tested in both turbulent and deterministic inflow. The results show that in all simulated cases the two individual pitch controllers outperforms the collective pitch controller, but the model predictive controller does not appear to perform significantly better than the linear quadratic.


This paper examines procedural justice in the context of citizen experiences with the police and courts. It is based on interviews of 652 citizens with recent personal experiences involving those authorities. I will consider two issues: first, whether the justice of the procedures involved influences citizen satisfaction with outcomes and evaluations of legal authorities; and second, how citizens define "fair process" in such settings. The results replicate those of past studies, which found that procedural justice has a major influence on both satisfaction and evaluation. They further suggest that such procedural justice judgments are complex and multifaceted. Seven issues make independent contributions to citizen judgments about whether the legal authorities acted fairly: (1) the degree to which those authorities were motivated to be fair; (2) judgments of their honesty; (3) the degree to which the authorities followed ethical principles of conduct; (4) the extent to which opportunities for representation were provided; (5) the quality of the decisions made; (6) the opportunities for error correction; and (7) whether the authorities behaved in a biased fashion. I found that the meaning of procedural justice varied according to the nature of the situation, not the characteristics of the people involved.


For Hermann Kantorowicz (1877-1940), legal philosophy was a natural part of his impressively broad academic legal education. Yet his work on legal philosophy is fragmentary and needs reconstruction. Doing this, Kantorowicz's "classic" concept of free law appears in a new light. He has always had difficulties in stating exactly what the free law actually is. In Kantorowicz's late work, the concept of dogmas takes on the position that occupied free law in the early works. Dogmas and free law are functionally equivalent. The law is not simply the commands, i.e., authoritative orders, or norms, that is, statements that are perceived as mandatory. The law is above all dogma, that is, it is a body of meaningful entities processing via a specific logic of coherent accommodation. The concept of dogma therefore overcomes the traditional opposition of recognizing and inventing the law. Kantorowicz emphasizes how legal science, and the courts as well, are in a certain sense part of the law, solely by arguing reasonably in the legal mode.


Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory syndrome affecting older people and its prevalence has increased in recent years. The suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and aging may contribute to the pathogenesis of polymyalgia rheumatica. Chronic stress (i.e., interpersonal stress, chronic infections and so on) in elderly people may represent a risk factor for the development of polymyalgia rheumatica. In fact, the elderly represent per se a condition of endocrine senescence including adrenal hypofuction. In addition, chronic stress represents a further harmful stimulus to seriously compromise endogenous glucocorticoid production. Synovitis and vasculitis characterize most patients. Serum cytokine and steroidal hormone patterns suggest that patients with polymyalgia rheumatica have an intensive inflammatory reaction. As a matter of fact, glucocorticoids represent the most useful temporary replacement treatment during the active phase of polymyalgia rheumatica. The use of slow-release gluco...


To solve the problems of wheel tread damages of railway wagons,a dynamic detecting system was developed and a new method for locating wheel tread peeling and flat spots was presented.Firstly,the wheel tread gray-image was preprocessed for smoothing denoising.Secondly,image edge detection was implemented with combination of the stationary wavelet transform and Canny algorithm and the tread region of the wheel was found on the basis of the width of the standard wheel.Finally,considering the different features of peeling and flat spots,approximate locating of peeling spots was achieved by block segmentation and the seed filling algorithm,and then precise locating of peeling spots was achieved by the Canny and tracking methods,also the locating method of wheel tread flat spots was proposed on the basis of searching of tread edge lines.Experimental results show that at the 0.5 km/h~10 km/h running speed of railway wagons,the correctness rate of peeling locating comes to 96.7% with 3 mm precision and the correctness rate of flat spot locating comes to 97.8%,thus satisfying the requirements of dynamic detection on site.


Bay is composed of seawater,coast ways and space of the synthetic natural system which is located between ocean and continent,and holds a key position for the coastal zone exploitation and for the focus of integrated coastal zone management(ICZM) as well.Although the coastal zone plan and management are widely practiced internationally nowadays,yet it is still an emerging subject in China.This paper,the water environmental quality,means of management and main content of coastal zone management firstly were studied on the basis of research in a bay area.The analysis and summary of the measures used in the management of water environmental pollution were done.In terms of analyzing pollution sources and environmental capacity and total quantity goal,abating practices for the water environment pollution are presented in detail,including the control technology on point and non-point source.The optimizing control countermeasures contained industry clean products,best management practices(BMPs) in non-point source pollution control and ecological industry-agriculture arrangement were studied.The suggestions on the construction of legislation on water environment pollution management,economic methods,administration supervising,development and district planning,systematic reclamation and public participation practices were pus forward.It provided a scientific reference and an effective approach for the water environmental sustainable development in bay-area.


Security is the key to keep optical networks operating normally,to ensure optical signal to arrive correctly,and to avoid baleful attack. And security of net nodes is an important aspect in the problem. In this paper,firstly,the security of intelligent optical networks is discussed,and several kinds of common baleful attacks are briefly introduced. And at the same time,a kind of circuity-evading strategy based on parameter comparison and link backtracking restoration is presented in this paper,in order to realize the protection of net nodes.


In the present qualitative research was realized a curricular reflection of the axis of formation for the investigation in the Master in Education of the National Pedagogical University in Chihuahua. Mexico. The purpose is to propose formative actions for researchers and educational agents in the knowledge of development, aware of the erosion of the social fabric and the need for interveners in educational problems. It was realized the elements of formation in research based on the epistemological assumptions - ethnological, gnoseological and teleological - that contribute in the understanding of the research object: crianza and human development, in order to extend the knowledge about the formation Of researchers, for the promotion of educational policies towards the care, attention, service and, the learning processes of Mexican children and adolescents in correspondence with the adult,  as educational agent in formal and non formal education.


American Indian people typically want to provide the fullest protection possible for their cultural resources found beyond the bounds of tribal reservations. Federal and state land managers also want to protect these cultural resources, thus complying with cultural resource protection laws. Since the mid-1970s, when Indian concerns began to be formally incorporated into cultural studies, there has been a major gap between what Indian people want to protect and how much protection managers of non-reserved land are willing and able to provide. In general, Indian people desire holistic conservation which means "these are our lands, even if others control them, and we wish no further development or damage to occur here" (Stoffle and Evans 1990). Unfortunately, from an Indian perspective, few land managers are able to follow this desire. Often federal and state land managers are required by law to permit and even encourage development of the land and open public access. When development cannot be eliminated, Indian people are faced with a choice; they can either recommend certain places for protection or withdraw from participation and have projects proceed without Indian input. This decision results in what has been called cultural triage (Stoffle and Evans 1990). Today, many Indian people have selected places for protection and land managers have used these recommendations to minimize adverse impacts to cultural resources. A number of scientific procedures have been developed to help translate the cultural concerns of Indian people so land managers can make culturally appropriate decisions. One such procedure is calculating cultural significance of Indian plants, animals, and artifacts and using these numeric values to select places having the highest values for protection (Stoffle, Halmo, Olmsted, and Evans 1990). Calculating values for cultural resources does not replace Indian styles of expression, but is instead a parallel approach to the common goal of providing maximum protection to the most culturally significant resources and places. Cultural resource protection laws are another driving force behind the need to triage cultural resources and the places where they occur. Historically, these laws begin with the premise that some things and places are more important than others, so only the most significant places should be afforded protection. Once this premise is established, then determining the criteria for assign-


Conventional cost control method causes in prediction differences of planned production cost and reduction rate indexes of hydropower station's concrete production system,and is improper to guide production.For the large concrete production system of Longtan Hydropower Station involving continuous production,mass-based operation,co-existence of many varieties,large complete production unit,the cost control system based on cost standard of working procedure is adopted in order to effectively control and manage cost.


3517 ISSN: 2278 – 1323 All Rights Reserved © 2014 IJARCET  Abstract— The wireless ad hoc network is the self configuring network; mobile nodes can leave or join the network when they want. There are various types of routing protocol in MANET. But there is a problem in routing protocol i.e. link failure problem which is responsible for degrade the performance of the network. In proposed technique we will follow that path only which has the highest signal strength. Second assumption is based upon the hop count similar as AODV protocol. The path which has the minimum hop count is considered as the final path. Third assumption is based upon the sequence number. The experimental results show that, proposed technique has minimum packet loss and highest throughput in the network.


The present invention discloses a fault transient and steady-state signal velocity difference of transmission line based positioning method, depending on the type of fault to select a different phase as a reference phase of the transmission line fault current popular wave signal Sagami transformation, modulus maxima of the analog signal is continuous wavelet transform to extract the initial transient traveling wave wavelet coefficients and their corresponding time and wavelet coefficients corresponding to the steady-state signal scales; fault current popular wave mode signal for fault localization the modulus maxima and the corresponding time, according to the propagation velocity difference between the two integrated computing fault distance transmission line. The method uses transient fault steady signal and the signal propagation speed difference, accurately determine the propagation velocity corresponding to the frequency of the wavelet transform, it is possible to calculate the fault distance transmission line accurately.


Geothermal energy activities are progressing on a broad front worldwide. So far, however, the practical results in usable energy are few, relative to the need. Although locally significant even now in a few places, and soon to become so in a few more, geothermal energy faces numerous obstacles, some of them formidable, before it achieves a significant overall energy role in the world. Such was the picture that emerged from the Second United Nations Symposium on the Development and Use of Geothermal Resources. The 10-day meeting was held in San Francisco last month under sponsorship of the UN, the Department of the Interior, and the state of California. Some 1300 scientific, industrial, and governmental experts from 59 nations gathered to assess the current status of geothermal energy activities and where they are headed. For the experts, who last met under UN auspices at the first symposium, held in Pisa, Italy, in 1970, there was a ...


An American economist uses survey data—collected from more than 2,000 firms in Moscow, Rostov, Volgograd, and Novosibirsk between 1992 and 1995-to evaluate former state enterprise executives in terms of their ability to maintain or expand production and/or employment, as well as to maintain their position under the new conditions of Russia's transition economy. With regard to production and employment, such executives more often than not tend to fare poorly, whereas with respect to job security, they tend to be winners. Empirical data indicating significant variations by industry encompass the fuel and power sectors, metallurgy, machine-building, chemicals, forest products, construction/ building materials, printing, and food processing. The firms examined vary in size from 10,000 workers. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: LI, M2, P42. 8 tables, 24 references.


This article presents the design of a planar complex ratio measuring unit (CRMU) for the designated frequency range of 2 to 6 GHz in multilayer microstrip-slot technology. This CRMU utilizes one in-phase power divider and three 3 dB quadrature couplers. The analysis is performed to assess the performance of CRMU for the purpose of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation. The parameter of transmission coefficients, return losses, q-point circle centers and QPSK constellations are presented. CST Microwave Studio is used for the CRMU design and the analysis on S-parameter performances is performed using Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS) software.


The review considers modern concept on role of physiological and biochemical properties of epiphysis and suprachiasmatic nuclei of hypothalamus in neuro-endocrine regulation of circadian rhythm of glycemic reactions and other functions of organism. Both in norm, and on background of glucose loading, short-term or longterm physical loading the level of glycemic reaction of circadian rhythm in the morning time (08.00-12.00 A.M.) is relatively minimal in comparison to afternoon and evening hours, while this value in the afternoon time (01.0005.00 P.M.) is maximal relatively to the morning and evening time and this value in the evening time comes close to the original level. It was revealed that under glucose loading in the one-month-, three-month-, six-monthand oneyear-old animals, levels of glycemic reactions of circadian rhythm upregulated accordingly to their original levels in the morning, afternoon and evening time. Particularly, after glucose loading level of glycemic reactions upregulated more sharply in the morning time at 08.00-10.00 A.M., in the afternoon at 01.00-03.00 P.M. and in the evening at 06.00-07.00 P.M. Towards 12.00 A.M., 05.00 P.M. and 10.00 P.M. the level of glycemic reactions of circadian rhythm downregulated and returns to the original level. Relatively to the normal values the level of glycemic reactions of circadian rhythm in the morning, afternoon and evening upregulated after short-term physical loading, whereas it downregulated after long-term physical loading. Upregulation and downregulation of glucose level in the blood under short-term and long-term physical loading on background of glucose loading throughout the day are related to upregulation and downregulation of epiphyseal hormone melatonin. [Aliyeva F. A, Aliyev A .G., Arasteh A. Regulation of Circadian Rhythm of Glycemic Reaction on Background of Physical and Glucose Loading. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):160-166] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19