The kinetic experiments for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of methyl heptanoate were studied over Rh/ZrO2 catalyst in a three-phase batch reactor in the temperature range 250–330 °C and in the pressure range 60–100 bar with H2. The complex HDO reaction network of methyl heptanoate was simplified and modeled using both empirical power-law models and mechanistic models. Surface reaction mechanism was for the first time applied to develop a mechanistic model for the key reaction pathways in the HDO reaction network. Two types of active sites were assumed for the adsorption of oxygenated components (ester, fatty acid, and alcohol) and H2, respectively. Both the power-law model and the mechanistic model adequately described the features of HDO kinetics, while the mechanistic model outperformed the power-law model. Kinetic modeling was performed rigorously by taking into account the vapor–liquid equilibrium and thermodynamic nonideality in the three-phase batch reactor model.


The report "Strategies for Pre-Flood Risk Management – Case Studies and Recommendations" proposes (1) a theoretical framework to analyse the content, process, and context of strategies for reducing flood risk within catchments. (2) Three case studies illustrate why researchers and practitioners alike can benefit from using the framework to better understand the process dimension of strategies for pre-flood risk management (which is, in this report, mainly long-term planning of combinations of structural and non-structural measures). (3) The report formulates six recommendations to practitioners how to improve flood risk management through shifting attention.


Purpose: the article is devoted to theoretical research and proof of social adaptability existence as a personality property, its connection with adaptation and disadaptation, its research from the point of psychological approach, as well as empirical ways of searching quick recognition of adaptive ability decrease of young organism and psyche. Objectives: 1) to research theoretical approaches to social adaptability existence as a personality property, its connection with adaptation and disadaptation, 2) to explore scientific views on adaptability within the integrity paradigm, 3) to show emirically options to study adaptability using projective methods. Methods: theoretical methods were used, such as average qualitative indicators analysis, correlation analysis, namely, quantitative and qualitative analysis of adaptability indicators and projective methodology markers. Results: theoretical analysis of different approaches to personality social adaptability and its links to adaptation and disadaptation was carried out. As a diagnostic tool, projective diagnostic methods were used, which allowed to quickly reflect the level and social adaptability indicators of the firstyear student. Average values of general social adaptability were researched and their correlation with other adaptation disorders markers was confirmed. Quantitative and qualitative analysis between adaptability indicators and projective markers was performed. As a conclusion, we built up a model of fifteen factors, this research indicated that the predominance of some bright colours in the drawings corresponds to general adaptation increasing, orientation in society and reducing depression, as well as increasing emotionality. In its turn, the presence of monochrome colours shows an emotional increase and the state of health decrease. If a person uses hatching in drawings, this indicates a rigidity decrease. Some compositional figures highlight an increase in general adaptation and accuracy of social expectations orientation. The presence of such compositional principles like center, rhythm and proportions in the figures indicate an increase in general adaptation and satisfaction and decrease in disadaptation and depression. Conclusions: according to the research, we identified the role of social adaptability of a young person, investigated the phenomenon of adaptability using theoretical methods, and practically performed an experiment, using a projective technique.


A new method is presented for the determination of adsorption equilibria for pure components and mixtures both at high and low pressures. Isotherms for carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, and n-pentane on activated carbon (Columbia grade NXC 8/10) and on silica gel (Mobil Sorbead H) at 75°, 125°, 200°, and 300°F. are given for pressures ranging from below atmospheric to 1,000 lb./sq. in. Also, adsorption equilibria data are presented for several multicomponent mixtures of the light hydrocarbon gases.

The data collected were correlated with good accuracy by use of the two-layer kinetic model developed previously by Gonzalez.


Following text deals with the visual representations of the narrative concerning Czechness. This is exemplified by means of two photographical exhibitions: We 1948-1989 and Society through the Lens 1918-1989. Taking advantage of Jeffrey Alexander s concept of core-group, core solidarity as well as the category of the common Czech man – inspirited by the anthropologist Ladislav Holý, this article analyze various types of representation of the Czech imaginated community. Interpretations of the images in this text refer to the theme of social and cultural memory, remembering and forgetting, in generally production of knowledge within institutional strategy of specific manner of presentation and exhibiting of Czechness.


Reductive-acylalation of aldehydes has been carried out by NaBH4/Ac2O/DOWEX(R)50WX4 system. A variety of aldehydes (1 mmol) have been reacted with Ac2O (0.5 mL) and NaBH4 (1 mmol) in the presence of DOWEX(R)50WX4 (0.5 g) for the preparation of their corresponding acylals within 1 min at room temperature with excellent yields of the products (90-95%). Ketones do not react with this system.


Contemporary approaches to the quality management in a forensic organization as well as the problems of the quality assurance system organization are analyzed. The main aspects requiring close monitoring from the Head of a forensic organization when making the policy of standardization and quality management system are considered. The conceptual approaches to quality issues enunciated in the international series of standards ISO/IEC 9000-2015 and ISO/IEC 17025:2017 together with the scope for their applicability to the forensic organizations are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the problems arising when designing and implementing quality management systems, their causes are revealed and some recommendations are given including those based on the foreign experience on enhancing management efficiency.


The article presents the causes and effects of the epidemic of cholera that broke out in Cracow in 1866. The presentation is based on archival material collected when the epidemic was raging and when it was over. The basic source are tabular sheets and responses to a questionnaire sent to physicians by the Sanitary Commission just after the epidemic was over in 1867. The notes prepared by Cracow physicians are a splendid source for the research of that kind as they were made shortly after the epidemic.
The article also presents a description of how the epidemic was approaching Cracow and its probable route along which it reached the city. The article includes various views on the aetiology of the epidemic and on various methods of curing it. In the article there is an analysis of the mortality rate according to sexes, faith and the place of treatment. The epidemic has been depicted as it was evolving in time and space; in order to make the depiction the author has used some geostatistical methods, including the method of hierarchical clustering. The incidence of cholera and its mortality rate have been presented on two maps, on which the clusters have been marked too.
According to the research, in the case of Roman Catholics the disease attacked mainly the poor and malnourished social groups, who lived in poor housing conditions or were homeless. In the Jews the disease attacked various social groups, not only the poorest.
The ability to survive has been analysed in two religious groups of Cracow: the Roman Catholics and the Jews. The results have not confirmed the statistical higher resistance of the Jews to cholera, which might have been suggested by the first data of the graph. In another part of the article Cox regression has been used to verify which factor was responsible for a higher mortality caused by cholera. The method of backward (stepwise) approach has not confirmed that such factors as sex, social class, faith or place of treatment influenced the probability of death. Among those factors the most doubtful one is the place of treatment, i.e. a hospital or a dwelling place, which has been rejected in the last step of the analysis. It may be the result of the fact that the sample was not big enough. The epidemic of 1866 was relatively mild, and the city council was well prepared; it was also important that there were many highly-qualified physicians engaged in the battle against the epidemic and access to medicines was not difficult.


The solution is given for the state of stress induced in an infinite plane by a uniform distribution of edge dislocations present over a general triangle. This provides the basis of a 'perturbation element' for modelling macroscopic plastic flow, providing a systematic and internally consistent way of developing a plasticity solution from an underlying elasticity solution to a problem.


Abstract At the foundation of the Academy (University) in 1669, every person who achieved an academic degree earned the right to wear academic dress and other insignia. However, the Jesuit professo...


Based on the analysis of several domestic cities'parking price, this paper attempts to reform the current parking price developing mechanism; under the premise of continuing to consummate government guid- ing price and government pricing, the marketing mecha- nism is introduced step by step, thus implementing mar- keting coordinating price. The non-official funds are attracted into parking field by reform in order to resolve the fund difficulty in parking works, thereby realizing parking industrialization service.


According to the mating materials of bearing elements, the static load-bearing properties of silicon nitride balls and 9Cr18 steel balls in liquid nitrogen are measured by ball-to-ball crushing testing. The results show that when the balls are tested under ultra-low temperature, the nominal contact stress of silicon nitride balls of 11.113 mm in diameter is between 27~29 GPa, and it is high enough to meet the demand of cryogenic bearing. The load-bearing capacities of both silicon nitride balls and 9Cr18 balls under ultra-low temperature are higher than under room temperature. When silicon nitride balls are pressed against the 9Cr18 ones, the silicon nitride balls have no plastic deformation. Though the 9Cr18 balls have great plastic deformation, the load-bearing properties of silicon nitride balls are much higher than the 9Cr18 ones. So when designing the hybrid ceramic bearings with silicon nitride balls and 9Cr18 rings, the surface of the steel raceways should be properly modified.


Most of the evidence regarding associations or private cults in Lydia is not explicitly about norms or regulations imposed on their members. There is, however, a long and detailed regulation that is well known and which has often been analysed. The text was found in the wall of the church of Hagios Taxiarches in Alaşehir, ancient Philadelphia, and is usually dated to the second to first centuries BC based on palaeographic and linguistic grounds.1 This document is 64 lines long and contains the norms that Zeus transmitted through a dream to a certain Dionysius, the founder or perhaps the president and reformer of an older private association or private cult.2 The text begins with an introduction regarding the divine origin and transmission of the norms, their objective, and the names of the gods worshipped, who are Zeus eumenes,3 Hestia, the theoi soteres in general and seven divine personifications of material and moral virtues that were desired by mortals (ll. 1–12). The central part of the text contains an order to celebrate purification and cathartic rites in the traditional way but with new changes, and a set of civil regulations (ll. 12–41). These concern treachery in general, use of harmful magic or enchantments, use of abortifacients, contraceptives and any other thing that may cause a child's death, and regulations on sexual behaviour. The norms affect not only the direct wrongdoer, but also the accomplices and even people who were aware of the violation, and required anyone who knew about any of these offences to make them public. By entering the association or cult enclosure, members had to swear that they would follow these norms. These members were explicitly defined as men, women, free persons and slaves (ll. 14–17). The


Key Points Question Are preterm birth, socioeconomic status (SES), and neonatal brain structure associated? Findings In this cohort study of 261 infants, after mutual adjustment, both low birth gestational age (GA) and SES were associated with brain structure. The nature of SES–brain structure associations varied depending how SES was operationalized; there were interactions between GA and measures of family-level SES on brain structure. Meaning In this study, low birth GA, and to a lesser extent SES, were associated with neonatal brain structure; further work is required to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying this association.


This article iterates the results of integrating literacy into SLA (Second Language Acquisition) from a constructivist's perspective in preparing syllabi, pedagogical activities and testing. The observation of Mandarin-learning students' performance and conversations with them suggest that introducing certain vocabulary, expressions and knowledge from outside the textbook can enhance their active learning. The definition of teaching literacy has expanded from printed text and lectures to a wider scope of media, and to testing and research methodologies. The article also cautions that classes must be well prepared and managed to avoid far-fetched items. One of the key issues in socio-constructivism is to keep pedagogical activities within the "zone of proximal development" (Gee, 2011), or to follow the "i+1 formula" (Krashen, 1981). The study further illustrates the efficiency of teaching and learning through a shift in focus from teaching "forms" to teaching "form", and from "literacy" to "literacies".


With the rise of SG, IoT, and cybernetic connectivity, the role of human intervention in the digital and physical manipulation of objects, factory automation, and manufacturing has become increasingly critical in meeting unprecedented quality standards. As a result, a reliable Human-centered system construct for enabling seamless and accurate control is urgently needed to interlink human intents with remote targets. In this paper, we report the development of a universal system pipeline, highlighting key enabling modules, and both physical and bioelectrical sensors as input modalities to demonstrate a near-natural motion synchronization between a human and a robotic arm. This effort was exemplified by the formulation of a method to reduce modular and system-level operational latency to achieve congruent human-machine interaction (HMI) through analyzing and simulating common mechanical motions. Furthermore, we explored several efficient machine learning (ML) model that reliably works with a variety of time-series-based biosignals reflective of intents, thus allowing a diversity of sensors to contribute as the system inputs. We believe our system pipeline represents a first step in unveiling otherwise hidden components within Biosignal-Controlled HMI systems and meeting the key challenges will bring us closer to the establishment of a natural, human-intent controlled, remotely operated HMI platform, with applications that extend far beyond major sectors of academia and industry.


The right of the two territories (ACT and NT) to have legislation overturned by the Commonwealth Parliament but not by the Government alone has become embroiled, to their disadvantage, with gay marriage and euthanasia law reform. The Greens have moved the relevant Commonwealth bill and are the most active supporters of both reforms. This combination is explosive and emotional, causing the bill to be sent to a Senate committee.


The problems of the responsibility in the law are researched in this article. Author gives his own vision of interpretation of jurisdiction in the process of the bodies of power' activity.


Abstract We have all made several transitions within our teaching practice since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic. After time reflecting and re-assessing my teaching pedagogies and practices, I have implemented many new-to-me online teaching tools with the intent to increase student engagement, empower student ownership of course content, and create a supportive online learning community. The two techniques discussed include co-constructing collaborative course policies and expectations and hosting synchronous zoom small discussion groups called, Coffee Talks. These methods have been applied within the scope of a traditionally in-person course that has transitioned to an online synchronous and asynchronous format. These techniques were evaluated largely positively by students and supported the maintenance of student engagement within an online classroom.


Diesel engines are widely used in industrial activities in Peru for electricity generation and heat production. The requirement of different types of energy and its separate generation represent a higher demand for fossil fuels, when the equipment used are internal combustion engines, and higher emission of high-temperature pollutant gases to the environment; all of this, with a deficient utilization of the energy supplied by the fuel. In this context, a Diesel cycle generator of 40 kW was evaluated for the production of electricity and heat. The engine was mapped with different electrical charges (5 kW, 10 kW, 15 kW, 20 kW, 25 kW and 30 kW) simulated by a copper resistance submerged in a tank with salty water. A regenerator was used for the recovery of the exhaust gases heat to allow cogeneration. The experimental device was monitored and instrumented with K type thermocouples, differential pressure sensors, power meters, flow meters, among others; all the signals were received and stored by a data acquisition system for its processing and interpretation. The electrical power, thermal power, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency and electric efficiency were evaluated for conventional electricity generation and for combined production of electricity and heat. NOMENCLATURE Qexhaust = Exhaust gases heat, [W] exhaust m = Exhaust mass flow, [kg/h] exhaust Cp = Specific heat of the exhaust, J kg K        exhaust T  = Temperature difference of the exhaust, [°C] fuel Q = Fuel heat, [W] fuel m =Fuel mass flow, [kg/h] LHV = low heating value diesel, [J/kg] Qwater= Water heat, [W] water m = Water mass flow,[kg/h] water Cp = Specific heat of the water, J kg K        water T  = Temperature difference of the exhaust, [°C] cog  = Cogenerator thermal efficiency, [] adit  = Increased efficiency by cogeneration, [] 1  = Efficiency without cogeneration, [] ele P = electrical power produced, [W] 2  = Efficiency with cogeneration, [W] U = Heat exchange global coefficient A = heat exchange surface of cogenerator, [m 2 ] LMTD = log mean temperature difference for crossflow, [°C] INTRODUCTION The requirement of different types of energy and its separate generation represent a demand of higher quantities of fossil fuels, when the equipment used are internal combustion engines, and the emission of higher quantities of high temperature exhaust gases, all of this, with a deficient utilization of the energy provided by the fuel. The combined generation of electricity and heat (cogeneration) is a proved technology which exists more than 100 years ago and is mainly used in big-scale electricity generation plants and for industrial applications. Though, the actual trend involves the development of microcogeneration systems, which have less than 50 kW electrical power output. This technology involves the utilization of the same energy source for the generation of these two types of energy, diminishing, this way, the quantity of fossil fuels required for its obtainment. Microcogeneration units are typically run for heating applications in residential or commercial buildings like conventional boilers. These systems generate electricity and heat at very high-efficiencies and help to save fuel, cut greenhouse gas emissions and reduce electricity costs. Most units operate in a grid-parallel mode, so that the building covers


With a small rise in general abuse against Scottish secondary teachers being reported, Julian Stanley explores what schools and teachers can do to improve poor behaviour.


The dielectric constant and loss factor of glasses containing with varying ratios were measured as a function of temperature and frequency. An a‐c dispersion was observed between 10−2 and 105 cps with a temperature dependence equivalent to the d‐c conductivity temperature dependence. The dielectric constant was independent of frequency and temperature below the dispersion region. There was a distribution of relaxation times associated with the dispersion process.


Begins by expounding the main contents of Development of the West Regions,namely"President Jiang′s New Eight Principles",then advances eight strategic ideas,eight policy proposals,eight major projects and eight financial channels relevant to Development of the West Regions.


If we believe the numerous publications concerning intelligent approaches for better information retrieval from the WWW the Semantic Web is already alive. However, the nature of most of the approaches is more theoretical. One major outcome of the research being undertaken over the last few years in the area of artificial intelligence for the Semantic Web is the benefit of using ontologies for content-based information retrieval. This led to a number of systems that provide user interfaces and intelligent reasoning services to access and integrate information sources (e.g. Ontobroker, SHOE, OntoSeek, BUSTER). This paper deals with a practical solution for Semantic Web Services, i.e. finding and processing data on the Web. We introduce the Comprehensive Source Description (CSD), a necessary description for information sources that allows extra services such as integration or translation. A new feature allows a combined search for concepts at a certain location, introducing the concept@location query. We discuss implementation issues and provide an example for better understanding.


PCI eXtension for Instrumentation (PXI) is a rugged PC-based platform that offers a high-performance, low-cost deployment solution for measurement and automation systems. PXI combines the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) electrical bus with the rugged, modular Euro card mechanical packaging of CompactPCI and adds specialized synchronization buses and key software features. PXI also adds mechanical, electrical, and software features that define complete systems for test and measurement, data acquisition Building on PXI capabilities, PXI Express provides the additional timing and synchronization features of a 100 MHz differential system clock, differential signaling, and differential star triggers. By using differential clocking and synchronization, PXI Express systems benefit from increased noise immunity for instrumentation clocks and the ability to transmit at higher-frequency rates. So the purpose of this paper is to use Ni PXIe to acquire real time system parameters and system interlocks using real time operation system for better deterministic approach.


Nuclear magnetic resonance provides physiologists with a flexible means of measuring a wide range of cell and tissue parameters. These measurements can be nondestructive and noninvasive. Recent technical developments have enabled several of these approaches to be applied to human studies.


The invention relates to a culture medium capable of culturing compact pleurotus eryngii and a preparation method of the culture medium. The culture medium comprises the following components in percentage: 61.5 percent of wood chips, 21.5 percent of wheat bran, 7.5 percent of maize meal, 0.7 percent of cane sugar, 6 percent of barley brewery mash, 0.2 percent of urea, 0.15 percent of quicklime, 0.15 percent of hydrated lime, 0.075 percent of calcium superphosphate and 0.15 percent of magnesium sulphate. In the preparation process, the wood chips are retted, microbes generated in the retting process break down the wood chips and also break down the wheat bran and the maize meal after the wood chips are mixed with the wheat bran and the maize meal, the wood chips help the pleurotus eryngii grow more compact and enable the pleurotus eryngii to taste better.


tions just from Calochromini, Platerotini and Erotini [Kleine, 1933, 1935a, b]. The genus Xylobanus Waterhouse, 1878, a member of Metriorrhynchini and a wide-spread species-rich Old World genus, lists eleven New Guinean species [Kleine, 1933, 1935b]. A few other somewhat similar-looking net-winged beetles are attributed to Mimoxylobanus Pic, 1921, Xylobanomimus Kleine, 1926, Xylobanomorphus Kleine, 1935 and Malacolycus Kleine, 1943. Of these four genera only Xylobanomorphus has recently lost its monotypic and endemic status [Kazantsev, 2010], all the rest are still monotypic and endemic to New Guinea, with Mimoxylobanus and Malacolycus known only from the unique types of their type-species. The present study, based on examination of New Guinean Lycidae collections from the Institut Royal de Sciences naturelles de Belgique in Bruxelles, the Erfurt Naturkundemuseum, the Entomological Society of Latvia, and the Moscow Insect Centre, allows to describe several new species in Xylobanus and in until now monotypic Mimoxylobanus and Malacolycus, as well as to suggest a new genus to accommodate two of the new species whose attribution to existing genera did not seem possible, and at the same time to address certain taxonomic problems related to Xylobanus and related genera of the region.


Microscopy of the living liver has been used to examine numerous facets of the structure and function of this organ in mammals and frogs. Some examples of the studies that have been made include the morphokinesis of the intrahepatic microvas~ulature,~~~~5 the permeability of sinus0ids,~5 the dynamics of phagocytosis by the cells lining the sinu~oids,'~ the morphological components that are involved in controlling blood flow through the hepatic microvasculat ~ r e , ~ ~ J ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ the intrahepatic vascular responses that are invoked in maintaining an adequate circulating blood volume,15 the dynamics of hepatic fetal hematopoiesis,*l and the responses of the hepatic microvasculature following the administration of antisera and hepatoto~ins .~~ Two of these studies have been selected to illustrate how microscopy of the living liver has provided data that may assist in understanding the complex functions which make the liver the unique organ that it is. The studies that have been selected are the hepatic arteriolar system and what constitutes the functional unit of the liver.


The present study provides preliminary data of the usefulness of elastography applied in intraoperative pancreatic ultrasound for diagnosis and staging of pancreas tumors. We have studied six cases of pancreatic tumors, four adenocarcinomas and one insulinoma, which have been submitted to surgery. Tumor resection was considered based on preoperative evaluation and also in intraoperative findings. Only one patient had no surgical excision of the tumor. All tumors were presented as a "hard" mass in elastography. At least in one case, elastography imaging contributed significantly to demonstrate that there was no vascular invasion when compared to intraoperative gray scale ultrasound alone. There were no identified postoperative complications related to compression during the elastographic evaluation. We conclude that ultrasound elastography is a safe technique to evaluate pancreas intraoperatively and may be useful to diagnose and stage pancreatic tumors.


Lentinan was extracted from Lentinus edodes through solvent extraction and purified using the enzymolysis and Seveg methods. Subsequently, lentinan was divided into four divisions, LE1, LE2, LE3 and LE4, using ultrafiltration method and they were added to a blank tobacco with a certain proportion. The equilibrium moisture content of tobacco under 30% and 80% humidity conditions was measured. The results showed that the equilibrium moisture content of tobacco under the 30% humidity condition increased greatly, but it reduced under the 80% condition. With the increase of molecular weight of lentinan, the dampproof property of humectant improved significantly under the humid environment; however, the moisturizing property of lentinan showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing under the dry environment.


Abstract Two different reference generator circuits were designed, fabricated and tested, on the same silicon die using a 1.0μ CMOS SOI process that is suitable for operation at high temperatures. One of the reference generators was a traditional bandgap circuit. The other was a more novel current-mode reference that can notionally generate any output voltage. Testing was performed over a wide temperature range from −50°C to 220°C with a supply variation of 4V to 6V.


The Gigantopithecus Cave in Liucheng,Guangxi,is a very well-known locality bearing rich Gigantopithecus materials and important Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna.Three mandibles and more than one thousand of isolated teeth of Gigantopithecus were recovered in the cave.Most of the fossil materials have been studied and published,such as Gigantopithecus (Woo,1962), Equidae (Pei,1961),Carnivora,Proboscidea and Rodentia (Pei,1987),Artiodactyla (Han,1987) and part materials of tapirids (Tong,2005).But the materials of Rhinocerotidae and the Chalicotheridae remain unstudied.


We extend the theory of eventually nonnegative, eventually-exponentially nonnegative matrices and eventually positive semigroups to eventually cone-positive semigroups of linear operators on Banach lattices. We assume all the cones are proper and cone positivity is invariance of the cone under a given operator, while strong-cone-positivity is invariance of the interior of the cone. We examine the extension via properties of some classes of matrices, resolvent positive operators and Perron Frobenius type properties.


: A star edge coloring of a graph G is a proper edge coloring of G , such that any path of length 4 in G is not bicolored, denoted by χ ′ st ( G ), is the smallest integer k for which G admits a star edge coloring with k colors. In this paper, we obtain the star edge chromatic number of P m ◦ P n , P m ◦ S n , P m ◦ K 1 ,n,n and P m ◦ K m,n .


In humans, orality combines all the functions of the orofacial sphere (in which the mouth is the key organ), i.e., ventilation, expression, food breakdown, and sensory perception. The mouth is the first organ to perceive food and the different signalling events associated with food breakdown. The release of sensory stimuli, major contributors to our preferences and rejections, also occurs within the mouth. These events are extremely complex, and as such, their description necessitates combining many variables from different disciplines, i.e., physics, chemistry, physiology, psychology, behavioural science, and food science. In this context, the associated sensory mechanisms involved in fat perception are an example of this complexity because fat perception is a multisensory integration of olfactory, gustatory and somatosensory cues, in which foodrelated oral processes play an essential role. The related in-mouth mechanisms often result in melting the product, adhering to mucous membranes and mixing with saliva.


The irradiation of fresh post-harvest foods has as main interests: inhibit sprouting, increase shelf life, reduce or delay damage caused by insects and diseases. This work is a preliminary study on the use of gamma radiation in fresh peas grains (Pisum sativum L.) in order to evaluate its effects on the inhibition of sprout and its increase in shelf life. The peas were submitted to 4 treatments: 0 (control), 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 kGy, in a 60 Co research irradiator, after irradiation stored at 8 °C, being evaluated at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after irradiation, for the following analyzes: assessments of visual appearance, total soluble solids, titratable total acidity, ratio, fresh weight loss, coloring, texture, pH, water content and ash. By visual evaluation it was observed that the irradiation did not significantly change the shelf life of the grains. The visual appearance, coloring and pH had interference due to the natural process of grain maturation. The doses of gamma radiation did not influence the content of ash, water and texture during storage and that dose of 0.45 kGy was not sufficient to inhibit the sprouting of the peas. It is possible to conclude that, with this work, a recommendation that, for the later works, in which one wishes to define the shelf life or to inhibit sprouting pea, initiate the irradiation of its samples with values above 0.45 kGy.


In this paper the author discusses the benefits of analysing diagnosis related groups (DRGs) from a coding perspective. Relevant literature is reviewed on issues associated with local coding practices, selection of principal diagnosis, "DRG creep", the accuracy of coded data and methods for detecting coding errors. The author argues for employing a coding expert such as a medical record administrator in order to gain important insight into the analysis of DRG data and to provide feedback to coders for continuing quality assurance of coded data.


The invention discloses a full-automatic wheel type patrol device having environment perception capabilities. The full-automatic wheel type patrol device comprises a patrol vehicle and a millimeter wave radar three dimensional environment perception system installed on the patrol vehicle. The millimeter wave radar three dimensional environment perception system comprises a millimeter wave radar, a rotating mechanical device, a control unit and a data processing unit, wherein the rotating mechanical device comprises a first rotating shaft, a rotating disc and a second rotating shaft. The full-automatic wheel type patrol device is advantaged by simple and practical structure, capability of realizing forward dead-angle-free scanning coverage, precise control, high positioning accuracy, great real-time property and the like.


Offshore sites show greater potential for wind energy utilization than most onshore sites. When planning an offshore wind power farm, the speed of offshore wind is used to estimate various operation parameters, such as the power output, extreme wind load, and fatigue load. Accurate speed prediction is crucial to the running of wind power farms and the security of smart grids. Unlike onshore wind, offshore wind has the characteristics of random, intermittent, and chaotic, which will cause the time series of wind speeds to have strong nonlinearity. It will bring greater difficulties to offshore wind speed predictions, which traditional recurrent neural networks cannot deal with for lacking in long-term dependency. An offshore wind speed prediction method is proposed by using a clockwork recurrent network (CWRNN). In a CWRNN model, the hidden layer is subdivided into several parts and each part is allocated a different clock speed. Under the mechanism, the long-term dependency of the recurrent neural network can be easily addressed, which can furthermore effectively solve the problem of strong nonlinearity in offshore speed winds. The experiments are performed by using the actual data of two different offshore sites located in the Caribbean Sea and one onshore site located in the interior of the United States, to verify the performance of the model. The results show that the prediction model achieves significant accuracy improvement.


Abstrac- This research is motivated by the low mathematical communication skills of students. Students have difficulty in expressing problems into mathematical notation and performing arithmetic operations and re-expressing mathematical descriptions. This is related to the students' numerical ability. Therefore, this study aims to describe students' mathematical communication skills in terms of high, medium and low numerical abilities. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were students of class X IPA-1 SMA N 1 Kec. Lareh Sago Halaban which consists of 6 students with 2 students each with high, medium and low numerical abilities. The instruments used in collecting data in this study include the researcher as the main instrument, and supporting instruments in the form of numerical ability tests, tests of students' mathematical communication skills and interview guidelines, with data collection techniques carried out by tests and interviews. The data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman concept, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Checking the validity of the data used is triangulation technique. The results showed that subjects with high numerical abilities were easier to interpret and communicate mathematical ideas and ideas. Subjects with moderate numerical ability tend to be less capable and have little difficulty in interpreting and communicating mathematical ideas. And subjects with low numerical ability tend to be unable to interpret and communicate mathematical ideas.


We present bound state spectra of the 3D rational potential, V(r) = r2 + λr2/(1 + gr2), g > 0, by means of the generalized pseudospectral method. All the 30 states corresponding to n = 0–9 are considered for the first time for a broad range of coupling parameters. These results surpass the accuracy of all other existing calculations published so far except the finite-difference method, which yields similar accuracy as ours. Variation of energies and radial distribution functions is followed with respect to the interaction parameters. Special emphasis has been laid on higher excitations and negative values of the interaction, where relatively less work has been reported. The energy sequence is found to be different for positive and negative interaction; numerically following a mirror-image relationship usually, if not always. Additionally, 20 energy splittings arising from certain levels belonging to n = 0–9 are systematically studied as functions of the potential parameters. Several new states (including the higher ones) are presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008


The Englishness of Christmas John Bull and the Christmas pantomime the Christmas carol revival and the English musical renaissance Christmas in the British empire the BBC and the broadcasting of the English Christmas cinema and representations of the English Christmas the English Christmas and the growth of a shopping culture epilogue - the English Christmas from 1953 to the present day conclusion.


Bandstructure engineering using alloying is widely utilised for achieving optimised performance in modern semiconductor devices. While alloying has been studied in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, its application in van der Waals heterostructures built from atomically thin layers is largely unexplored. Here, we fabricate heterobilayers made from monolayers of WSe$_2$ (or MoSe$_2$) and Mo$_x$W$_{1-x}$Se$_2$ alloy and observe nontrivial tuning of the resultant bandstructure as a function of concentration $x$. We monitor this evolution by measuring the energy of photoluminescence (PL) of the interlayer exciton (IX) composed of an electron and hole residing in different monolayers. In Mo$_x$W$_{1-x}$Se$_2$/WSe$_2$, we observe a strong IX energy shift of $\approx$100 meV for $x$ varied from 1 to 0.6. However, for $x<0.6$ this shift saturates and the IX PL energy asymptotically approaches that of the indirect bandgap in bilayer WSe$_2$. We theoretically interpret this observation as the strong variation of the conduction band K valley for $x>0.6$, with IX PL arising from the K-K transition, while for $x<0.6$, the bandstructure hybridization becomes prevalent leading to the dominating momentum-indirect K-Q transition. This bandstructure hybridization is accompanied with strong modification of IX PL dynamics and nonlinear exciton properties. Our work provides foundation for bandstructure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures highlighting the importance of hybridization effects and opening a way to devices with accurately tailored electronic properties.


Abstract A constant temperature hot-wire anemometer enabling automatic rapid scanning of the wire overheat was built to perform free stream disturbance measurements in the shock wind tunnel of the Institute for Aerodynamics and Gasdynamics at Stuttgart University. It is shown that such a system brings real advantages in terms of testing time. The change of bridge dynamic behaviour with wire temperature is taken into account by measuring the bridge frequency response with a very fast electrical test and postprocessing the data. The method of operation is validated in a supersonic suck down wind tunnel and a comparison with a commercial constant temperature bridge shows good agreement. Results of free stream disturbance measurements in a short duration supersonic wind tunnel of 120ms testing time are presented.


In the first couple of lectures we looked at error-correcting codes for various settings of the rate and minimum distance parameters. For the application we had in mind – constructing two-source hitters – the ability to find such a code efficiently was also important. In this lecture we will touch upon another algorithmic aspect of codes: The efficiency of the decoding procedure. As a motivating application for efficient decoding, we introduce the problem of resilient secret sharing. We also ask what happens when there are too many corruptions in a codeword so that unique recovery of the message becomes impossible. One sensible answer is to return not one but a list of several possible messages. This motivates the notion of list decoding whose basic properties we analyze. In a typical secret sharing scenario, n parties want to share some secret so that no party knows what the secret is, but when the parties get together they can recover the secret. This comes up in some cryptographic applications, for example electronic voting. In a real-world election, the physical ballot boxes are usually locked at the start of the day and the key is given under trust to the electoral commission, which has representatives from every party. At the end of the day, the representatives unlock the box and count the votes. This setup ensures both integrity (the votes are counted properly) and anonymity (it cannot be determined who voted for whom). There are different proposals how similar guarantees can be achieved in the digital setting. Here is one such idea. When a person wants to vote, they publish an encryption of their vote using a public key (known to the whole community). At the end of the day, the commission applies some (publicly known) function to these encrypted votes, which gives an encryption of the tally. To determine the outcome, the commission decrypts the encrypted tally. There are various security and implementation issues that this oversimplified description does not address, but I want to ignore these and focus on one point: Who should have access to the decryption key? If any central authority knows the whole decryption key, then it can decrypt individual votes compromising anonymity. A natural solution is to share the decryption key among the parties. Then no single party can decrypt votes, but at the end of the day all the parties can submit their shares of the …


Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, the fragment of BCG heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) promoter was cloned and a new recombinant E. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid ME-65 was constructed. The ME-65 contained both E.coli and mycobacterial plasmid origin of replication, the high efficient promoter from BCG hsp65 gene and the selectable antibiotic resistance marker for kanamycin that could express in both E.coli and mycohacterial. Using electroporation, transformation of both M. Smegmatis and BCG was successfully accomplished. The shuttle plasmids were genetically stable and maintained expression of kanamycin resistance in continuous subcultures containing kanamycin. No inhibitory effect of the vector on the growth of host bacteria and no deletion or mutation of the vector were observed. The new shuttle vector had the advantages of lower molecular weight, high capacity, high transforming efficiency, stable replication and convenient multi-cloning sites that permitted the insertion of foreign protective antigen genes. The expression of foreign genes was expected with the high efficient expression promoter from BCG hsp65 gene. The study should facilitate the development of BCG and other mycobacteria into multivalent vaccine vector.


Background. It is known that many pesticides can act as mutagens by causing cytotoxic and negative genetic effects. Fipronil is insecticide, which widely used marketed under the trade names Adonis and Regent for locust control in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. It studied mouse cells of internal organs (liver, lungs, spleen, testes) using the Comet assay and synaptonemal complex analysis in spermatocytes using immunocytochemistry methods. Results. It has been found that fipronil damages DNA in cells of the lung, spleen and liver intoxicated animals. Fipronil has a negative effect on the germ cells of mice, causing damage to synaptonemal complex structure of spermatocytes. Conclusion. The studies have shown that fipronil has genotoxotic effect.


Background: Infants of smoking (SM) and substance abusing (SA) mothers have an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We have shown that newborns of SM and SA mothers have a dampened ventilatory response to hypercarbia (1). Aims and objectives: To test the hypothesis that infants of SA and of SM mothers compared to infants of non-substance abusing, non-smoking mothers (controls) would have a poorer ventilatory response to hypercarbia at the high risk age for SIDS. Methods: Infants were assessed at 2-4 months of age. The hypercarbic challenge was delivered via a face mask and pneumotachograph through a custom made open circuit system. The ventilatory responses to three levels of inspired carbon dioxide (0%, 2% and 4% CO 2 ) were assessed. Results: 10 SA, 10 SM and 10 control infants were assessed. Both the SA and SM infants had a lower ventilatory response to 2% (p=0.006) and 4% (p=0.01) CO 2 . The slope of ventilatory response to hypercarbia was higher in controls compared to SM and SA infants (p=0.023)
. Conclusion: These results suggest a dampened response to hypercarbia may contribute to the increased risk of SIDS in SA and SM infants. Reference Ali K, Wolff K, Peaock JL, et al. Ventilatory response to hypercarbia in newborns of smoking and substance-misusing mothers. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014;11:993-8.


Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Puerto Rico (PR) had one of the highest Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine rates in the United States. Yet, widespread misleading information about the COVID-19 vaccine might negatively impact HPV vaccine attitudes. This study aims to assess and compare HPV and COVID-19 vaccines attitudes toward school-entry policies among adults living in PR. A convenience sample of 222 adults (≥21 years old) living in PR were recruited through social media and completed an online survey from November 2021 to January 2022. Participants answered questions about HPV and COVID-19 vaccines knowledge (ranging from 0=none to 3=high knowledge), attitudes toward vaccination policies for school-entry, and perceptions of trusted and untrusted sources of information. Descriptive statistics were computed to identify the demographics characteristics of the participants. We also estimated the prevalence ratio (PRadjusted) using a logistic regression model to assess the magnitude of association between COVID-19 vaccination for the school-entry policy and HPV vaccination for school-entry policy agreement, adjusting for different confounders. The mean age of the study sample was 36.73 ± 11.18 years. The majority of the sample were female (87%, n=194), with at least some college of education (92%; n=205) and employed (61%; n=165). One-fifth of the participants reported having children between ages 11 and 16 (n=46). Participants' perceived knowledge about the HPV vaccine was moderate (mean=1.72; SD=1.12), while for COVID-19 vaccine was moderately high (mean=2.47; SD=.68). The most trusted form of information for HPV and COVID-19 vaccines were health care providers (42% and 17%, respectively), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (35% and 55%, respectively), and the Department of Health (15% and 19%, respectively). The least trusted source of information included social media (40% and 39%, respectively), friends and family (23% n=47, and 17% n=33, respectively), and the Department of Health (15% n=30, and 18% n=36, respectively). More than half of the participants agreed that HPV (76% n=156) and COVID vaccines (69% n=136) should be required for school-entry. Agreement with COVID-19 vaccination for the school-entry policy was significantly associated with HPV vaccination for school-entry policy agreement (PRadjusted:1.96; 95% CI:1.48-2.61) after controlling for age, sex, education, and having children between age 11 and 16. Findings suggest that adults living in PR have an overall positive attitude about mandatory HPV and COVID-19 vaccination school-entry policies, and these attitudes are interrelated. Yet, it is concerning that the Department of Health is identified as one of the least trusted sources of information, as it has a prominent role in implementing HPV and COVID-19 vaccine policies in PR. Further research should elucidate why the Department of Health is considered an untrusted source of information among adults living in PR and evaluate the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on HPV vaccine attitudes and adherence rates.
 Citation Format: Jessica N. Rivera-Rivera, Olga L. Díaz-Miranda, Diana T. Medina-Laabes, Erick Suárez, Ana P. Ortiz, Vivian Colón-López. HPV and COVID-19 vaccines attitudes and preferred sources of information among adults living in Puerto Rico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A025.


Abstract Most distributional lists are limited to geographical areas such as states or provinces and often include information regarding smaller subsets of coprophagous insects. This checklist of Coleoptera (Geotrupidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, Staphylinidae, and Trogidae) associated with livestock dung on pastures in Canada and the USA builds on the data previously compiled by R. R. Blume in 1985 and adds several improvements to make it more robust and applicable to a modern audience. These improvements include information regarding only coprophagous species, their current distributional records in North America, different types of primarily livestock dung they are attracted to, and taxonomic changes. For added convenience, a Microsoft Excel® file has been created to permit the reader to generate a specific checklist of coprophilous beetles for any state or province in America north of Mexico or dung type of interest.


The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a multifunctional corn combine harvester for both ears and stalks, which comprises a header including an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper header is an ear picking table, and the lower header is a stalk header. The corn combine harvester for both ears and stalks further comprises an ear harvesting collection box device, a stalk crushing device, a stalk thrower, a stalk baler, an intermediate drive device and a stalk stubble cleaning and returning device mounted on the rear lower portion of a frame and the like. Compared with the prior art, the corn combine harvester for both ears and stalks has the advantages that the functions of corn ear picking, husking and collection, stalk laying, stalk crushing and returning, stalk crushing for feed or industrial materials, and stalk stubble cleaning and returning are achieved on the corn combine harvester, the requirements of different users in different areas can be met, operation functions and cross-area operational adaptability of the corn combine harvester are improved greatly, comprehensive usability of corn stalks is improved greatly.


Uricase activity was found in Enterobacter cloacae KY3074 grown on guanine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, and xanthine media. The enzyme was purified from cells grown on uric acid as a source of nitrogen. The purification procedure included ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex. The enzyme had a molecular weight of about 105,000 and was specific for uric acid. The optimum pH was around 9.5, and the activity was inhibited by the presence of potassium cyanide, Ag+ or Cu2+. This uricase can be used for estimation of uric acid.


Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR.


Surface-compressed wood, with controllable mechanical properties according to the production process, could be utilized in timber products as a substitute for energy-intensive adhesives, concrete, and metals. The surface compression of wood was carried out in an open hot-pressing system at 180 °C with a compressed thickness of 2 to 18 mm. The surface-compressed wood was treated by atmospheric heat treatment or 0.30 MPa pressurized superheated-steam heat treatment at 180 °C for 2 h. This study investigated the mechanical properties of surface-compressed wood, namely, its bending, compression, and hardness properties. The results showed that the maximum density and average density of the compressed layer surpassed 1.10 g/cm3 and 0.80 g/cm3 when the compression ratio was 33%. Moreover, the surface-compressed wood with a sandwich density structure had properties that were comparable to, or even surpassed, raw wood, traditional compressed wood, and some engineered timber products. The specific strength (179 to 203 × 103 m2/s2) of surface-compressed wood was slightly higher than other wood-based materials (65 to 197 × 103 m2/s2). And the contribution of sandwich structure to MOR and MOE increase was positively correlated with wood surface density. The results obtained from this study could help engineers utilize more fast-growing wood and develop new products and wood connectors. This work may contribute toward the substantial use of surface-compressed wood in the building and construction industries with great benefits to the environment.


This paper presents two numerical realization of Preisach model by Density Function Method (DFM) and F Function Method (FFM) for a giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA). Experiment and simulation showed that FFM is better than DFM for predicting precision of hysteresis loops. Lagrange bilinear interpolation algorithm is used in Preisach numerical realization to enhance prediction performance. A set of hysteresis loops and higher order reversal curves are predicted and experimentally verified. The good agreement between the measured and predicted curves shows that the classical Preisach model is effective for modelling the quasi-static hysteresis of the GMA.


While measurement of blood pressure (BP) is now widely carried out by automated noninvasive BP (NIBP) monitoring devices, as they do not require skilled clinicians and do not carry the risk of complications, their accuracy is in doubt. A novel end-to-end deep-learning-based algorithm was developed in this study that estimates NIBP directly from sequences of Korotkoff sounds (KSs) rather than oscillometric waveforms (OWs). First, sequences of segments of KSs were formed using different signal segmentation techniques, that is, segmentation using a sliding window with or without overlap and segmentation using the cardiac period estimation. Each segment within each sequence was then labeled as 1) after-systolic and before-diastolic (AB) or 2) before-systolic or after-diastolic (BA) such that a binary sequence-to-sequence classification problem was achieved. To deal with the resultant sequence-to-sequence classification problem, an algorithm was developed by combining 1-D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The segments associated with systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) are then identified as the segments at which the output target sequence switches from class BA to class AB and later from class AB to class BA. Lastly, the values of SBP and DBP are obtained by mapping the center point of the switching segments to the deflation curve. To evaluate the performance of the proposed NIBP estimation method, we used a database of 350 NIBP samples collected from 155 participants (87 males, age: 23–97 years, arm circumference: 10–35 cm, SBP: 81–104 mmHg, and DBP: 37–104 mmHg), and the achieved estimation errors for SBP and DBP, relative to the reference values, using a fivefold cross-validation approach, were 1.6 ± 3.9 mmHg (mean absolute error ± standard deviation of error) and 2.5 ± 4.0 mmHg, respectively. We finally conclude that the proposed end-to-end deep-learning-based NIBP estimation algorithm from sequences of KSs is a novel technique that requires modest preprocessing steps and can measure BP accurately.


In automatic delivery systems, automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) are an important part, for they are delivery vehicles that can direct themselves by following the program and the guide route. AGVs can be classified into two categories. AGVs with a guidepath are equipped with a reflective infrared transmitter-receiver to track the guidepath, ones without a guide path are moved by radio wave remote control. Here the author uses single chip 8751 as the microprocessor of the main controller.


We are presenting a study with the objective of justifying the need to create new publications to promote communications of different research and experiences involving Environmental and Sustainable Education. These publications are a means to communicate to the scientific community as well as to society in general information about the social-environmental crisis but also to offer possible solutions to this situation. In order to collect data on the subject a total of 1743 articles publish between 2014-2018 have been revised, in eight different journals from this area of education as well as one from the area of the experimental sciences. We analyzed the politics and the scopes of these journals and their different sections to characterize better the type of publications involved. The results have shown that the presence of these themes is relatively low in the journals we have gone through. There is a need to broaden spaces and possibilities to publish. To do so it is important that existing journals increase their responsiveness to this kind of work, but also absolutely necessary to create new journals like the one we propose in this article: Revista de Educacion Ambiental y Sostenibilidad.
Keywords: Environmental Education; Education for Sustainability; Scientific Publications.


Solar power is the fastest-growing energy source in the world. New technologies can help to generate more power from solar energy. The present paper aims to encourage people and the government to develop solar energy-based power projects to achieve sustainable energy infrastructures, especially in developing countries. In addition, this paper presents a solar energy road map to attract investors to invest in clean energy technology to help reduce the effect of global warming and enhance sustainable technological development. Therefore, the first objective of the paper is to analyze and compare the monthly global solar radiation for five different locations in Northern Cyprus using the measured data collected from the Meteorological Department and estimated values collected from the satellite imagery database. In addition, the mean hourly meteorological parameters including global solar radiation, air temperature, sunshine, and relative humidity are analyzed statistically and the type of distribution functions are selected based on skewness and kurtosis values. Accordingly, estimating global solar radiation improves solar power generation planning and reduces the cost of measuring. Therefore, models of a surface were analyzed by means of polynomial adjustments considering the values of R-squared. Finally, this study provides a comprehensive and integrated feasibility analysis of a 100 MW grid-connected solar plant project as an economic project in the selected region to reduce electricity tariffs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. RETScreen Expert software was used to conduct the feasibility analysis in terms of energy production, GHG emissions, and financial parameters for the best location for the installation of a 100 MW grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) plant. Finally, the results concluded that the proposed solar system could be used for power generation in Northern Cyprus.


In this paper we illustrate our experimental investigations of amplitude effects on two higher overtones (the 5th and the 7th ones), as well as on the main mode (the 3rd overtone) of different stress compensated (SC) quartz resonators. The impact of amplitude of vibrations to basic parameters in the simple Butterworth-Van Dyke one-port equivalent circuit of the particular mode were derived from the impedance vs. frequency responses measured in the vicinity of the particular modes, while temperature of the investigated resonator was maintained approximately at the lower turnover point temperature of the main mode. In the 3rd overtone 10-MHz SC quartz resonators, for example, the 5th overtone or the 7th overtone (the c modes, i.e. the slow thickness-shear modes of vibration) can be excited simultaneously along with the main c mode, with assistance of an appropriate dual-mode or multi-mode crystal oscillator (MMXO); and the resonator self-temperature-sensing can be reliably implemented [1], [2], [3]. Amplitudes of particular modes, which are simultaneously excited, have impact on short-term, as well as on long-term frequency instabilities of generated signals; hence, drive levels of individual c modes have to be set up properly in the oscillator circuit.


Benthic macroinvertebrates (aquatic insects) were collected from the Rio Grande upstream and downstream of Los Alamos Canyon (LAC), a major drainage that crosses Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) lands in northern New Mexico, USA. LAC contains legacy waste, including radionuclides and polychlorinated biphenyls, and occasionally discharges storm water and snowmelt flows to the Rio Grande. The Rio Grande is the major waterway that flows southward across the state. In 2009, rock baskets were placed in waters 61- to 76-cm-deep within each reach (five per reach), and, after approximately 6 weeks of colonization, the rock baskets were retrieved. All samples were sorted completely and organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Both reaches in 2009 were dominated by the collector filtering net-spinning caddisfly, Hydropsyche occidentalis. In 2011, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using D kick nets from shallow riffle locations (15- to 31-cm depth) from each reach (six per reach). These samples were collected after post- (Las Conchas) fire flooding events moved sediment and ash through the two study areas—the downstream reach, however, was affected by higher flows and greater number of flooding events than those affecting the upstream reach. Each kick net sample consisted of ten 1-m (kick) samples. The 10 subsamples were composited and organisms were picked from randomly selected cells in a sorting pan until 500 organisms had been identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Both reaches in 2011 were dominated by the collector-gathering mayfly, Baetis tricaudatus. A bioassessment of the downstream reach compared with the upstream (reference) reach was conducted by scoring 10 metrics related to the structure and function of the benthic macroinvertebrate community. While 2009 ranked at the highest level (nonimpaired), 2011 ranked a level lower (slightly impaired). The slightly lower bioassessment score of the downstream reach in 2011 may be a result of flooding impacts following the Las Conchas fire rather than of LANL operations. Overall, based on the similarity of benthic macroinvertebrate metrics between reaches and the composition of benthic macroinvertebrates favoring pollution intolerant taxa, LANL influences, if any, via the LAC system to the Rio Grande are not significantly impacting water quality of the Rio Grande.


Graph signals arise from physical networks, such as power and communication systems, or as a result of a convenient representation of data with complex structure, such as social networks. We consider the problem of general graph signal recovery from noisy, corrupted, or incomplete measurements and under structural parametric constraints, such as smoothness in the graph frequency domain. In this paper, we formulate the graph signal recovery as a non-Bayesian estimation problem under a weighted mean-squared-error (WMSE) criterion, which is based on a quadratic form of the Laplacian matrix of the graph, and its trace WMSE is the Dirichlet energy of the estimation error w.r.t. the graph. The Laplacian-based WMSE penalizes estimation errors according to their graph spectral content and is a difference-based cost function which accounts for the fact that in many cases signal recovery on graphs can only be achieved up to a constant addend. We develop a new Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) on the Laplacian-based WMSE and present the associated Lehmann unbiasedness condition w.r.t. the graph. We discuss the graph CRB and estimation methods for the fundamental problems of 1) a linear Gaussian model with relative measurements; and 2) bandlimited graph signal recovery. We develop sampling allocation policies that optimize sensor locations in a network for these problems based on the proposed graph CRB. Numerical simulations on random graphs and on electrical network data are used to validate the performance of the graph CRB and sampling policies.


GSK has entered into an alliance with Isis Pharmaceuticals to pursue and develop new therapeutics against targets for rare and serious diseases.


Mitochondrial translocation of ceramides triggers Bax‐dependent apoptosis. To elucidate how ceramides activate Bax and commit cells to death, we developed a switchable version of the ceramide transfer protein CERT, sCERT. Upon its drug‐induced recruitment to mitochondria, sCERT retains the ability to bind VAP proteins in the ER and catalyzes mitochondrial import of externally added fluorescent ceramides. Mitochondrial recruitment of sCERT also triggers mitochondrial translocation of Bax. The ability of mitochondria‐bound sCERT to mediate ceramide import and Bax translocation requires both its START domain and ongoing ceramide biosynthesis. These data extend our previous finding that mistargeting of ER ceramides to mitochondria specifically activates Bax and establish sCERT as a novel tool to dissect the underlying mechanism in a time‐resolved manner.


The new carrot (Daucus sativus Röhl.) hybrids 'Ieva' and 'Rokita' and the garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivar 'Dangiai' were developed at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry during 2012–2015. The breeding direction was to increase vegetable production and to improve its quality. Carrot roots of the new hybrids have good properties for storage and maintenance of biochemical components. The hybrids 'Ieva' and 'Rokita' were compared with three foreign hybrids 'Jitka', 'Maestro' and 'Champion'. Lithuanian hybrids were distinguished by the highest marketable yield ranging from 64.6 to 66.7 t ha-1. The hybrid 'Ieva' accumulated the highest content of carotene 21.8 mg 100 g-1, total sugar 8.6% and dry soluble solids 11.5%. Roots of the hybrid 'Rokita' were the most resistant to black rot of carrots and bacterial soft rots. Good adaptability, productivity and a stable number of cloves per bulb is characteristic of the new garlic cultivar 'Dangiai'. The overwinter survival rate of plants was 98%, the productivity – 14.6 t ha-1 and the average weight per bulb – 75 g. The carrot hybrids 'Ieva' and 'Rokita' and the garlic cultivar 'Dangiai' have been included in the National Plant Variety List and in the EC Common Catalogue of Varieties of Vegetable Species.


Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are microorganisms that have been used by the food industry since they confer desirable sensorial and rheological characteristics ...


On the model of collagen-induced arthritis in rats the anti-inflammatory properties of the composition containing the combination of doxycycline hydrochloride and glucosamine hydrochloride have been studied in comparison with its active monocomponents – doxycycline, glucosamine hydrochloride. According to the results of the experimental studies it has been proven that the composition containing the combination of doxycycline hydrochloride and glucosamine hydrochloride have a strong beneficial effect on the metabolism of the cartilage and bone tissue against the background of the autoimmune arthritis development and leads to inhibition of autoimmune processes in the connective tissue of animals. The normalization of the functional state of the joints and the clinical and biochemical parameters has been observed. By the degree of the pharmacological effect on the most parameters studied the combination exceeds the reference objects – the substance of doxycycline hydrochloride and glucosamine hydrochloride. The composition containing the combination of doxycycline hydrochloride and glucosamine hydrochloride is a promising corrector of the inflammatory and destructive joint diseases with the autoimmune component, and can be recommended for use in the complex therapy of patients with immuno-inflammatory and inflammatory-destructive diseases of joints.


In this paper,aimed at the security threats against mobile agent in its life-time,a complete and robust protection scheme is proposed.Firstly,the structural scheme of agent society is designed based on level-licensing.This from-top-to-bottom security licensing scheme solves the problem of discriminating the agent's identity.Secondly,to protect the security of communication,the agent landscape is constructed on the SSL protocol.Finally,with fuzzy technology,the codes security in transferring process is ensured.


Protection and control of nuclear fuels is paramount for nuclear security and safeguards; therefore, it is important to develop fast and robust controlling mechanisms to ensure the safety of nuclear fuels. Through both passive- and active-interrogation methods we can use fast-neutron detection to perform real-time measurements of fission neutrons for process monitoring. Active interrogation allows us to use different ranges of incident neutron energy to probe for different isotopes of uranium. With fast-neutron detectors, such as organic liquid scintillation detectors, we can detect the induced-fission neutrons and photons and work towards quantifying a sample's mass and enrichment. Using MCNPX-PoliMi, a system was designed to measure induced-fission neutrons from U-235 and U-238. Measurements were then performed in the summer of 2010 at the Joint Research Centre in Ispra, Italy. Fissions were induced with an associated particle D-T generator and an isotopic Am-Li source. The fission neutrons, as well as neutrons from (n, 2n) and (n, 3n) reactions, were measured with five 5" by 5" EJ-309 organic liquid scintillators. The D-T neutron generator was available as part of a measurement campaign in place by Padova University. The measurement and data-acquisition systems were developed at the University of Michigan utilizing a CAEN V1720 digitizer and pulse-shape discrimination algorithms to differentiate neutron and photon detections. Low-enriched uranium samples of varying mass and enrichment were interrogated. Acquired time-of-flight curves and cross-correlation curves are currently analyzed to draw relationships between detected neutrons and sample mass and enrichment. In the full paper, the promise of active-interrogation measurements and fast-neutron detection will be assessed through the example of this proof-of-concept measurement campaign. Additionally, MCNPX-PoliMi simulation results will be compared to the measured data to validate the MCNPX-PoliMi code when used for active-interrogation simulations.


Political consumerism is a form of participation in which citizens use the market to express their political concerns. Making the purchase of a product (buycot) or not (boycott) is a justified personal decision based on ethical values, environmental or political concerning the procedures performed by companies or governments. New technologies and different information media affect the scope of this type of political mobilization given the growing importance of transnational social networks and online communities, which contribute to the formation of the public opinion and to the participation in a new "sub-political" space. So we are interested in: a) critical or conscious consumers transforming their purchase habit in political habit, and b) the context through which they obtain the information, and the different actors, activists and social movements with which they participate, transforming the market into a public arena and a subject of claims for the practice of democracy. This article therefore aims to: concepualize consumer involvement from the perspective of sociological theories of modernity, present some of the methodologies used to measure and evaluate the influence of political consumers, and see to what extent their empowerment trough the market might approach a "consumecracy''.


The Child the Stork Brought Home. Directed by Gillian Goslinga. 2000.59 minutes, color.Distributed by Documentary Educational Resources, (800) 569-6621, 101 Morse Street, Watertown, MA 02472, http://www.der.org.


As the twentieth century draws to a close, one can find sharply contrasting views among leading scholars on almost every key issue in positive international political economy. How strong are international as opposed to domestic influences on policy? How important are issues of national security ("high politics") versus economic considerations("low politics")? What role do institutions—international and domestic—play in influencing and constraining the behavior of governments? Why is international cooperation rare but not unheard of? The list goes on and on.


The Purpose of this work was to explore upgrade of UASB(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed)technology, that has been proved inefficient in dealing with high strength organic content wastewater (COD concentration: 20,000–150,000 mg·l−1) from distillery plants that use cane molasses and cassava as feedstocks in GuangXi Region, China, where sugar and cassava starch are two pillar industries. The limits of UASB reactors was studied under the condition of treating recalcitrant distillery wastewater with low pH, high COD and SO4 content, and with a very low organic loading rate (OLR 2–5 kg COD.m−3.d−1). The enhancement used UASB-TLP (Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed - Turbulent, Laminar, and Pulsation), designed by Able Co., Ltd., based on UASB, including (1) screening optimized populations of anaerobic microbes, and methanogenic bacteria, cellulose- decomposing bacteria, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB); (2) redesign of a two-phase fermentation process with a reinforced acidification and pH adjustment in pretreatment; and (3) cultivating granular sludge and maintaining stability within the reactor through a recovery design. In the full scale operation using molasses distillery, the OLR(organic loading rate) was raised to 18–24kg-COD·m−3·d−1 and, with COD removal rate of 50–55% (HRT:24–48 h).


We constructed two mathematical non-linear programming models for the design of the leafy vegetable Vertical Column Farming System (VCFS), based on different plantation field's geographical location divided by the Tropic of Capricorn and Cancer. The objective function of both models is set as the maximum gross output amount of vegetable and the constraints inside these non-linear programming models include the vegetable crop's minimum sunlight exposure time requirement. An example optimal solution of the non-linear programming model, for plantation fields lying beyond the Tropic of Capricorn and Cancer, is submitted by mathematical software using Genetic Algorithm.


Two wild-born adult Callimico males showed a skillful performance in killing a small eastern ribbon snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus); in both instances the snake was eaten; to date only capuchins (Cebus spec.) were known to kill and eat snakes. The killing action was very similar to the killing of lizards but differed from preying on frogs. This gives us evidence that small snakes may represent a source of protein for some Callimico in the wild. At the same time a new aspect of the relationship between snakes and nonhuman primates is indicated.


In Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1, two nitrile hydratases (H‐NHase and L‐NHase) are inducibly produced on the addition of cobalt and each inducer to the culture media. Both NHases contain Co as an active center. The incorporation of Co into NHase depended on the α‐subunit exchange between Co‐free NHase (apo‐NHase) and its Co‐containing mediator, this novel mode of post‐translational maturation having been named self‐subunit swapping and the mediator having been recognized as a subunit swapping chaperone. NhhAG and NhlAE were found to be the mediators for H‐NHase and L‐NHase, respectively. Although the α‐subunits of H‐NHase and L‐NHase show significant sequence similarity, NhlE formed a complex with the α‐subunit of L‐NHase, but probably not with that of H‐NHase. These findings indicate that NhlE recognizes only NhlA, i.e., not NhhA. α‐subunit exchange also occurred between holo‐NhlAE and apo‐L‐NHase, but not between holo‐NhlAE and apo‐H‐NHase. These phenomena may be due to the precise recognition by the swapping chaperone of its specific α‐subunit. We demonstrated that both NhlAE and NhhAG consisted of heterotrimers (αe2 and αg2), and the resultant NhlE isolated from NhlAE exhibited a dimeric assembled form (e2). These findings suggest that the structures of αe2 and αg2 would be α‐e2 (not e‐α‐e) and α‐g2 (not g‐α‐g), respectively. Based upon these findings, we propose a possible model for the self‐subunit swapping.


This review provided a brief overview of progress on biosynthetic technology of noble metal nanomaterials and their nano-catalysts.And the future directions of this field were also envisioned.


There have been numerous emerging next generation solar cell technologies with the potential to disrupt the solar industry. Perovskites in particular have taken the spotlight recently with unprecedented efficiency improvements. To quantify the rate of innovation in next generation solar technologies, we used learning curves to model improvements in efficiency relative to three parameters: time since first publication, cumulative publications, and cumulative patents. The learning rates found for perovskite solar cells are compared to those of dye-sensitized, and quantum dot solar cells. In doing so, this analysis aims to elicit a better understanding of the drivers of innovation for emerging solar technologies and identify technologies demonstrating extraordinary technological progress.


Non-linear stabilisation and control of a PVTOL vehicle has received much attention in the literature for the low speed case, where aerodynamic effects can be neglected. In this paper, a non-linear control design is presented for a three degree of freedom "Hovering Rocket" with aerodynamic effects included, such that the controller remains functional at high speeds. Control design is based on a non-linear, decoupling change of coordinates presented by many authors in the past. The decoupled system is then controlled using an optimised cascade approach.


Four-electrode method is one of the
well-known methods in measuring ground resistivity. But, most faults currents and lightning
currents have high frequencies components. It is proposed to develop this
method to study ground frequency characteristics. A step like current was
injected into ground to measure the ground impedance. The ground impedance is
assumed to be frequency dependent parallel resistance/capacitance. Two
equations were proved to estimate ground resistivity and permittivity from four-electrode
method. An analytical model was proposed to model studied cases. The four
electrodes are divided to equal spheres and complex image method had been used
to satisfy the boundary conditions and penetration depth effects. The
calculated results show good agreement with the measured results.


The conjecture of Fuchs, Schellekens and Schweigert on the relation of mapping class group representations and fixed point resolution in simple current extensions is investigated, and a cohomological interpretation of the untwisted stabilizer is given.


The conclusions presented in this section are based on extensive literature review and personal participation in a survey of solid waste management practices in the petrochemical industry conducted by the Texas Water Quality Board in 1970 to 1971. Quantitative data are not available. (1) Published information and data regarding solid waste production in the petrochemical industry is limited and somewhat difficult to obtain. (2) Petrochemical plants producing solid wastes keep some records of waste types and volumes, but in many instances no records are available. (3) Land disposal and incineration are the most common types of solid waste disposal methods. Land disposal is less costly and more convenient than incineration and is therefore more often used. Land disposal methods employed in the petrochemical industry are listed in order of frequency of occurrence: pit disposal, lagooning, open dumping, modified landfill, sanitary landfill, and spreading on land. (4) Incineration is usually reserved for those wastes too toxic or too heavily contaminated for land disposal. (5) Most solid waste disposal facilities have been haphazardly built and operated. (6) Recently installed disposal facilities tend to be better designed and operated. (7) Waste disposal methods such as ocean dumping and open dumping in pits andmore » lagoons will be curtailed in the near future and be replaced by disposal methods such as sanitary landfill and incineration which are environmentally more acceptable. Also, recycling and reuse of waste materials will increase as the cost of waste disposal increases. (8) As treatment and disposal of technology becomes more complicated and costly, more industries will contract with privately owned disposal companies to haul wastes to regional facilities owned by the same or other private companies. 59 references, 21 figures, 6 tables.« less


The momentum dispersion of the peak structure of the single-particle spectral weight [ital A](p,[omega]) of the two-dimensional Hubbard model is discussed. Using results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations on lattices up to 12[times]12 in size, we determine the low-lying quasiparticle dispersion relation. This dispersion relation is anomalously flat near the ([pi],0) and (0,[pi]) points of the Brillouin zone, similar to the results of recent angular resolved photoemission measurements of the hole-doped cuprates. We argue that the generic nature of the quasiparticle dispersion relation observed in these materials arises from the strong Coulomb interaction and reflects the hole-spin correlations rather than the one-electron interactions which customarily determine the band structure.


The experiment was conducted at earthen ponds in the Bagerhat sadar upazila of Bagerhat to examine the growth, production capacity, and economic return of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) with persa (Planiliza persia) and corsula mullet (Rhinomugil corsula) under polyculture system. Four treatments, designated as T1, T2, T3, and T4 were used in the study, each with three replicates. The final weight of the prawns after 120 days of culture was highest in T1 (72.07 g) and lowest in T4 (50.23 g), but there was no significant difference in prawn growth between T1 and T2. In T4, where artificial feed was not employed, prawn, persa, and corsula mullet growth and survival rates were lower. T1 produced more prawns (173.27 kg ha-1), while T4 produced less (617.83 kg ha- 1). Significantly (p<0.05) higher production of persa was found in T1 (295.97 kg ha-1) and lower in T4 (152.28 kg ha-1). Corsula production was also observed to be higher in T1 (275.70 kg ha-1) and lower in T4 (155.36 kg ha-1). However, T1 had much higher total production and net profit from prawn and fish farming (1744.94 kg ha-1, BDT 244694.75 ha-1), whereas T4 had a significantly lower total production and net profit (925.46 kg ha-1, BDT 115894.42 ha-1). According to the study, quality feed (T1) outperforms other commercial feeds in terms of growth, production, and net profit. In order to increase productivity and get a high return on investment in a short period of time. The quality feed can be recommended.
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 48(1-2): 111-122, June-December 2022


This report contains two studies: (1) "The Moderating Effect of Equity on the Relationship between Participation in Decision-Making and Job Satisfaction;" and (2) "Perceived Environmental Uncertainty and Participation in Decision-Making in the Prediction of Perceptions of Fairness of Personnel Decisions." In the first study, moderated multiple regression analyses on data collected from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) air traffic controller specialists indicated that equity perceptions moderated the relationship between participation in decision-making and level of job satisfaction. Specifically, the correlation between participation in decision-making and job satisfaction scores was higher among subjects high in equity than those low in equity. These results suggest that when individuals perceived their pay, promotional opportunities, and performance ratings as being unfair, participation in decision-making may have had less effect on job satisfaction than when individuals perceived them as being fair. In general, the success of managerial efforts to improve job satisfaction by implementing participation in decision-making efforts may be limited when subordinates perceive their personal work situation as unfair. Extending research on the effects of participation in decision-making (PDM) and perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) on job attitudes, the second study investigated the hypothesis that PDM and PEU scores would account for variance in perceptions of the levels of fairness in personnel decisions. As hypothesized, data collected from 357 FAA personnel indicated that perceptions of participation in decision-making and environmental uncertainty accounted for unique variance in perceptions of levels of fairness in personnel decisions. Although limited by the possibility of method variance, these data suggest the importance of information in the development of equity perceptions.


In this study, rhythmic alternations in German read speech have been examined on prosodic phrase level. Based on statistical examinations and phonological theory, several hypotheses concerning the status of rhythm rules and word−class related prominence have been formulated, formalized and implemented. The predictions made by these rules were compared with speaker's judgements on
perceptual prominence patterns in a prosodic database of read speech. The basic outcomes of this study are the following: If the predictions are based upon different levels of prominence depending on lexical class, the correlation between predicted and perceived prominences lies within the range of different speakers' correlations. Stress clashes hardly ever occur on the basis of this (successful) method.
Speakers of German tend to fill rhythmical gaps, especially in polysyllabic words. An FST modelling
the filling of rhythmical gaps improves the predictions the algorithm.


The development of conductivity-modulated field-effect transistors, FETs, makes available to the system designer another solid-state device that can be used to implement power switching control. This paper reviews differences between the standard and the newly developed FET. It shows the significant advantages that the conductivitymodulated FET has over the standard FET. Several applications are presented to show that this new type of device works well in practical situations. The relative immaturity of the conductivity-modulated FET may limit its initial utilization. But as the family grows and product innovation and refinement takes place, this newest member of the power semiconductor family will become a viable alternative to the other members.


The article represents critical thinking as a factor of professional managerial competence, basic concepts and technological stages of its development as well as four main versions of building critical thinking skills of students, future managers in situation of English language training.


A two-dimensional gauge theory which can be coupled to massless fermions is considered. All the features expected in four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory and quantum chromodynamics are found: asymptotic freedom, confinement, and dynamical mass generation. These effects (including the nonperturbative ones) are computed explicitly and exactly.


Social skills and communication for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are a challenging area in spite of many years of research and interventions. Whilst the vast majority of strategies and interventions reported in the literature for students with ASD are teacher/expert-generated, this study focuses on the use of technology to create possibilities for students to develop their social and literacy skills. This paper reports on part of a larger study that explored the potential of seven high school students with ASD using a new form of video making called "Blended Digital Media", which integrates video and still images with an audio narration, to digitally communicate their personal interests as a means of developing social and multimodal literacies. The research used a multiple case study design incorporating a range of qualitative methods to ascertain to what extent and with what implications students were able to create their own personal blended digital media about their interests. For the purpose of this paper, reported data focusses on the experiences of two of the seven student case studies. Findings revealed that students were able to combine various modes and media forms to create their own blended digital media, and that they could justify their media use based on an understanding of modal affordances. Students were also able to communicate a range of personal interests and respond to the interests of others in a social context as a result of making and sharing their blended digital media.


This paper discusses Agassi's critique of Popper's theory of the "empirical basis". It argues that Popper's theory should be interpreted with emphasis on its realism and anti-subjectivism, and as stressing a tentative inter-subjective consensus as to what is observed when tests are made. It agrees with Agassi's critique of "sensationalism", disagrees that there are residues of "sensationalism" in Popper's approach, and argues that Popper's view should be supplemented by a tentative realist metaphysics.


Purpose
Rosacea-related cutaneous inflammation is a common cause of ocular surface disease. Currently, there are no specific pharmacologic therapies to treat ocular rosacea. Here, we aimed at determining the differences in intracellular signaling activity in eyelid skin from patients with and without ocular rosacea.

Methods
This was an observational, comparative case series including 21 patients undergoing lower lid ectropion surgery at one practice during 2013 and 2014 (18 patients with rosacea, 13 control patients), and 24 paraffin-embedded archival samples from Albany Medical Center, selected randomly (12 patients with rosacea, 12 control patients). Cutaneous biopsies resulting from elective lower lid ectropion surgery were analyzed by Proteome Profiler Human Phospho-Kinase Array, Western blot, and/or immunohistochemistry.

Results
Samples derived from ocular rosacea patients showed increased levels of phosphorylated (active) p38 and Erk kinases. Phosphoproteins were mainly localized to the epidermis of affected eyelids.

Conclusions
This finding provides a novel potential therapeutic target for treatment of ocular rosacea and possibly other forms of rosacea. Further testing is required to determine if p38 and Erk activation have a causal role in ocular rosacea. The selective activation of keratinocytes in the affected skin suggests that topical pathway inhibition may be an effective treatment that will ultimately prevent ocular surface damage due to ocular rosacea.


Metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS(HeI)) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to study the interaction of O2, CO and CO2 with Co films at room temperature. The films were produced on Si(100) surfaces under the in situ control of MIES, UPS and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). For O2, dissociative adsorption takes place initially and then incorporation of oxygen starts at exposures of ∼5 L. Comparison of the MIES and UPS spectra with those published for CoO shows that near‐stoichiometric CoO films can be obtained by co‐deposition of Co and O2. The CO is adsorbed molecularly up to a maximum coverage of ∼0.6 monolayer, with the C‐end pointing towards the surface. The CO2 adsorption is dissociative, resulting in the formation of Co–CO bonds at the surface. The resulting oxygen atoms are mostly incorporated into the Co layer. For all studied molecules the interaction with Co is similar to that with Ni. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by C.L. Freyermuth and B.O. Aalami, published in this journal (Volume 94, Number 4, July-August 1997), is presented. The discussion addresses some observations regarding flexural capacity, brittle and ductile behavior, adequate crack control, and minimum reinforcement limits, in light of published test results and existing code provisions. Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.


In this paper, a parallel-operated single-stage flyback-type single-phase solar micro-inverter is studied. A discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) flyback converter is a well-known cost-effectiveness solution for distributed low-voltage solar inverter system since the least number of components. However, for high power grid-connected applications, the DCM flyback converter has the following disadvantages, which limit the efficiency of the converter: 1) high switching losses due to hard-switching; 2) the high copper/iron transformer losses due to high flux excursions in the coupled-inductor; 3) high MOSFET Rds(on) conduction losses due to high RMS and peak currents in the design. In this paper, a three-module parallel-operated variable-frequency boundary conduction mode (BCM) quasi-resonant (QR) flyback converter topology with low-voltage turn-on and load-sharing capabilities is presented. A prototype with input power rating of 300W and output power rating of 280W/220Vac is constructed. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the developed micro-inverter which delivers greater energy harvest, higher reliability.