ABSTRACT The Karnaphuli and Halda rivers play a significant role in the ecological and commercial arena of Bangladesh, but no detailed study on radioactivity in these two rivers sediments is reported elsewhere. The present study measures the concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in the sediment samples collected from these two rivers by using high-purity germanium (HPGe) γ-ray spectrometry. The concentrations (Bqkg−1) of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K show in the range of 17.63 ± 1.47–38.90 ± 2.50, 27.86 ± 1.76–48.80 ± 2.70 and 324.28 ± 26.83–640.70 ± 42.70, respectively, which is similar to the literature data and world mean value except for four sampling locations (Kalamiabazar, Natun bridge, Rajakhali and Chaktai khal) that shows higher concentrations of primordial radionuclides. These four sampling points are located adjacent to the industrial wastes discharge channels into the Karnaphuli river. In fact, among the thousands of industries located on the bank of the Karnaphuli river, about 200 units were identified as the sources of environmental pollution. To assess human health hazards due to natural radiation, several indicators such as radium equivalent activity (Raeq ), external hazard index (Hex ) and outdoor annual effective dose equivalent were calculated and compared with the recommended limits. The present results serve as an input to prepare the baseline radioactivity in commercially important river sediments prior to the operation of the first nuclear power plant in the country.


This paper makes an analysis of the change of village power structure in central China when the village is undergoing the change from the traditional agriculture to the economic mode characterized by a lot of employed workers in cities, expounds how the power is separated in the four-level sections: the village government, the two committees in the village, the natural village committee and villagers. Some reformative suggestions are put forward to change the current situation.


In order to measure the full-field thermal deformation of materials in high temperature environment, a full-field thermal deformation measurement method based on high temperature digital image correlation is proposed in this paper.In this method, monochromatic polarized light is used as the lighting source, and the polarizing camera combined with narrowband filter is used as the image acquisition system to collect images under high temperature environment. Through optical imaging and optical filtering system, visible radiation can be initially filtered to minimize the thermal radiation on the specimen surface. And the image gray average method is also used in this paper to eliminate the thermal disturbance error and vibration error in the measurement process to improve the measurement accuracy.Finally, a set of high temperature digital image correlation measurement system was built, and the thermal deformation test was carried out on the ceramic materials. The experimental results show that the system can realize the clear image with high-contrast acquisition under high temperature conditions, and can effectively eliminate the interference of vibration and thermal disturbance noise in the measurement under high temperature .


Address for correspondence* Dr. Jayanthi M.K Professor, Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S Medical College,(A constituent college of JSS University) S.S Nagar, Mysore-570015Karnataka, India. Email: email@example.com Asian Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences Original Article


This article explores historically grounded connections between cultural and political identities, and how they persist in contemporary Europe within its multilateral or 'supranational' frameworks. It argues that nations remain the starting point (and for many the end point) for conceptions of belonging and of political legitimacy. While economic prosperity is an essential ingredient, the European project cannot be built or sustained by perceived common economic interests alone. In recent years this has been realised by elites in favour of integration and has resulted in an increased concentration on the cultural dimension. Creating and psychologically implanting a formula which activates a resolute belief in a 'common cultural heritage' has proven difficult however. By comparison historiographic influences and contemporary social referents are still overwhelmingly national in character.


We have investigated the carrier spin relaxation in GaInNAsSb/GaNAsSb/GaAs quantum well (QW) by time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurement. The sample consists of an 8‐nm‐thick GaIn0.36N0.006AsSb0.015 well, 5‐nm‐thick GaN0.01AsSb0.11 intermediate barriers and 100‐nm‐thick GaAs barriers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaAs(100) substrate. The spin relaxation time and recombination lifetime at 10 K are measured to be 228 ps and 151 ps, respectively. As a reference, we have also obtained a spin relaxation time of 125 ps and a recombination lifetime of 63 ps for GaInNAs/GaNAs/GaAs QW. This result shows that crystal quality is slightly improved by adding Sb, although these short carrier lifetimes mainly originate from a nonradiative recombination. These spin relaxation times are longer than the 36 ps spin relaxation time of InGaAs/InP QWs and shorter than the 2 ns spin relaxation time of GaInNAs/GaAs QW.


Abstract : Sharp vertical temperature fronts, complex temperature inversions and current patterns in the Chukchi Sea during MIZPAC 78 in July 1978 were investigated in a further effort to define the mechanisms for the formation and distribution of finestructure. In conformity with previous findings, upper and lower-layer fronts near the ice tended to be coincident in the V-shaped zones between bifurcating current streams; such fronts were not associated with significant finestructure. Previous thought would indicate that finestructure is found near wedge-like fronts. However, the situations for which this could be tested in 1978 were too few to be conclusive. Two of the principal ice embayments, which were apparently caused by warm water streams, were found in approximately the same locations as in previous years. Upper-level current streams, deduced from the ice melt-back into embayments and from warm-water cores, appear to be bathymetrically steered. Both of the above mentioned bays contain temperature finestructure.


Special issue of the IMA Journal of Management Mathematics that includes selected papers presented at the XIII International Conference on Stochastic Programming held in Bergamo in 2013 and the First Euro mini conference on Stochastic Programming held in Paris in 2014.


The presence of secondary metabolites and various ions in a plant determines its phytophamacological potential. Desert plants are adapted to stressful environmet by synthesizing secondary metabolites and ions accumulation as osmoticum.The present study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacological potential of Thal desert plants in term of their metabolites and nutrient ions concentrations. Five specimens of seasonally available herbs and three of trees of Thal desert plants were colected. After collection specimens were analysed for alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, sugar and ion contents. The data were analyzed statistically and means were compared by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Among the herbs Panicum antidotale root showed highest terpenoid, K ion and Ca ion contents. The herb Aerva javanica stem showed lowest alkaloid, tannin, soluble sugar, phosphorus, potassium and calcium contents. Among trees specimens, Tamarix aphylla leaves showed highest soluble sugar, phosphorous, potassium and calcium contents. Stem of Acacia modesta showed the lowest alkaloid, terpenoid, phosphorous and potassium contents. Original Research Article Khalid et al.; JPRI, 33(31A): 217-226, 2021; Article no.JPRI.69790


Background: Anemia is major contributor to maternal deaths as well as to low birth weight in developing countries. Association of anemia with helminthic infestation has been seen in the world and by eliminating it, anemia may be reduced with positive effects on maternal outcome.
Methods: A cross sectional study done in Doctors trust teaching hospital Sargodha from 1st August 2019 to 31st July 2020 and total 130 patients were enrolled. Hemoglobin estimation and stool examination for parasitic infestation was done for all these women.  Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0.
Results: From 130 patients, it was observed that the minimum age was 18 years and maximum age was 40 years with mean and standard deviation of the age was 29.86 ± 6.61 years. Mild anemia was observed in 45.4% patients, moderate anemia was observed in 26.9% patients and severe anemia was observed in 27.7% patients. The frequency of worm infestation was found as 17.7% in pregnant females presenting with anemia to a tertiary care hospital.  Effect modifiers have significant influence except age and monthly income. Significant association was found between BMI and presence of worm infestation having p-value = 0.005.


The dynamical behavior of plasmas and magnetic fields in the vicinity of the equatorial crossing of magnetic field lines threading the onset auroral arc is examined for two substorms on November 26, 1997. The locations of the initial brightenings of the auroral arcs were determined with the cameras for visible and far-ultraviolet wavelengths on board the Polar spacecraft. The equatorial positions of the field lines were in the range of radial distances of 8–12 RE as computed with models of Earth's global magnetic field. The radial distance of the Geotail spacecraft was 14 RE at a position in the premidnight sector that was 2 RE below the current sheet. This spacecraft was embedded in a low-β plasma that was located adjacent to the central hot plasma sheet. For the first substorm, with onset at 1310 UT, no substantial effect was observed in the plasmas and magnetic fields, although the Geotail spacecraft was located only about 2 hours in magnetic local time from the field lines threading the on-set auroral arc. For the second substorm onset, at 1354 UT, the spacecraft was positioned within tens of minutes in local time of the position of the magnetic field lines threading the onset auroral arc. This fortuitous spacecraft position in the relatively quiescent plasma and magnetic fields adjacent to the central plasma sheet and within several Earth radii of the position of the onset mechanism allowed determination of the beginning time of the dipolarization of the magnetic fields. This time was simultaneous with the onset brightening of the auroral arc within the approximately 1-min time resolution of the auroral images. The simultaneity of the initial brightening of the auroral arc and of the initiation of the dipolarization of the magnetic field, presumably due to diversion of current from the equatorial current sheet to the ionosphere, provides an important guideline for global dynamical MHD models of Earth's magnetosphere.


Purpose: To compare aqueous humor pH changes during femtosecond (FS) laser-assisted cataract surgery with conventional cataract surgery. Results: The mean pH was 6.53 ± 0.09 (range 6.42-6.70) and 7.42 ± 0.07 (range 7.28-7.48) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Differ ences between groups in this parameter were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Photo disruption process in the femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery lead to an acidic shift of the aqueous humor pH, as a result of the transformation of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid, in comparison with conventional phacoemulsification surgery. Further analysis of femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery is necessary. Materials and methods: 29 eyes of 29 patients that underwent cataract surgery were studied. Group 1 included 15 eyes operated with a FS platform (Catalyst, Abbott Medical Optics) and Group 2 included 14 eyes that were operated with conventional phacoemulsification. Aqueous humor samples (0.1-0.15 ml) were collected through a paracentesis from each patient after nucleus fragmentation in Group 1 and after corneal incisions before the injection of viscoelastic in Group 2 and analyzed with a pH-meter.


journal of speculative philosophy, vol. 27, no. 3, 2013 Copyright © 2013 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Kantian transcendental philosophy has shown that we can never decide the question of whether or not the world is infinite in space and time, because, in the field of appearance, the world as a totality of concordant experience "does not exist as [an unconditioned] whole, either of infinite or of finite magnitude." However, appearances are encountered in a world, in which one aspect of a thing always invites us to consider others, indicating thereby a road to infinity. According to a discovery of transcendental phenomenology, every single thing contains in itself "a continuum of appearances," which exhibits an "all-sided infinity." From this an important consequence can be drawn: although the world as a physical universe may turn out to be finite, the world as the totality of concordant experience must be regarded as an infinite—or, more precisely, as a "transfinite"—set of things that encompass, in each case, an all-sided infinity of aspects. It is in this sense that, in his Cartesian Meditations, Edmund Husserl defines the world as "an infinite idea, related to infinities of harmoniously combinable experiences." It is clear, however, that we can draw only upon a finite quantity of concordant experiences in order to exemplify this infinite idea. That is why philosophy as a world project necessarily exhibits a deeply paradoxical structure: although it relies upon a finite quantity of concordant Agonistic World Projects: Transcendentalism Versus Naturalism


Mantle Circulation Models (MCMs) are mantle convection simulations conditioned with plate motion history. Due to difficulties in reconstructing plate motions beyond ≈ 120 Ma, MCMs often only incorporate the most recent 120 Myr of plate tectonic evolution. We find that such models are strongly influenced by initial conditions. The development of a new series of tectonic reconstructions extending back to the Triassic (230 Ma) and including careful reconstruction of the oceanic parts of the plates (modified from Stampfli and Borel, 2004, Stampfli et al. 2008 and references therein) should prove to be of huge importance to MCMs. In this study we present a comparison between the traditionally used 120 Myr and the latest 230 Myr plate motion histories.


This article examines the cultural forms through which the young European-Australian stockmen who work on the cattle stations of north Queensland are socialised. Exploring their interactions with a social and physical landscape and their rites of passage, as manifested in everyday actions, performance and material culture, it reveals how – and why – they are given little choice in acquiring values which are intensely adversarial to the land and to the indigenous people of Australia. It also explores the relationship between the transmission of particular values to these young men and the wider political and hegemonic role of the pastoral sub-culture in defining Australian national identity.1


Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Ontario Soil and Crop Improvement Association, Ontario Forage Council, Agricultural Adaptation Council, Ontario Biomass Producers Co-operative, New Energy Farms, MITACS Accelerate PhD Fellowship


Enterprise Resource Planning ERP systems, such as SAP, feature a rich set of integrated business applications. However, to maximize the long term benefits from ERP implementations, organizations need to careful manage the post-implementation phase and focus on supporting end users to achieve better fit between their business processes and the ERP system features. This study develops a research model based on the resource-based view RBV of the firm and finds support for a positive and complementary relationship between continuous training resources, functional fit capability and business process success. An increase in continuous training resources increases the functional fit capability for the organization and is seen to improve business process success. The results support the need to focus on continuous end user training throughout the post implementation phase as a key contributor to ERP systems success for any organization.


A sustainable world is one in which human needs are met equitably and without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs on environmental, economic, and social fronts. The United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency's Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program aims to assist communities (large and small) to make decisions for their long term sustainability with respect to the three pillars of human well-being—environmental, economic and social—and are tempered in a way that ensures social equity, environmental justice and intergenerational equity. The primary tool being developed by the Sustainable and Healthy Communities (SHC) research program to enhance sustainable decision making is called TRIO (Total Resources Impacts and Outcomes). The conceptual development of this tool and the SHC program attributes are discussed.


koff and Mark Johnson state that metaphors are not a matter merely of words, but of action.1 The reason is that our conceptual system, which governs our thought and our everyday functioning, is made up of metaphorical concepts. In that sense, metaphors govern our lives. This metaphorical governance is quiet and inconspicuous and we are largely unaware of it, hidden as it is in our minds. Metaphors We Live By has served, perhaps more than any other publication on metaphor, to wake us up to the power of these invisible governors. The book showed how metaphors can be made visible by excavating metaphorical concepts such as "more is up" and "life is a journey" as underlying seemingly nonmetaphorical expressions in daily life. From this starting point, Lakoff and Johnson elaborated their approach to metaphor in various ways. One direction focused on a deeper understanding of the human mind and its conceptual system and culminated in Philosophy in the Flesh.2 Thought, this book states, is embodied, largely unconscious and largely metaphorical, and this unconscious metaphorical system functions as a "hidden hand" that shapes our everyday life. The origin of this hidden hand, to be found in our childhood sensorial experiences and their


This paper presents a novel time delay-compensation method for delayed teleoperation systems based on the concept of network disturbance (ND) and an adaptive fuzzy observer. Firstly, a new adaptive fuzzy observer is developed to estimate the robot states, linearize the robot dynamics as well as eliminate model uncertainty and unknown disturbances. With the linearized robot model, a network disturbance observer is then proposed to estimate the ND by lumping all undesired effects caused by time delay into the ND. Furthermore, the proposed delay compensator is applied to a 4 channel time delayed bilateral control system to deal with the communication delay issue. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiment study.


An account is given of the external morphology, distribution and biology of endemic and exotic species of the genus Cryptotermes occurring in Australia. The endemic species discussed are C gearyi (Hill), C. primus (Hill) [with which C. arcanus (Hill) is synonymized], C. queenslandis (Hill), and C. secundus (Hill) (removed from synonymy with C. dudleyi Banks); in addition, eight new species are described: C. austrinus, C. cristatus, C. hilli, C. nitidus, C. papulosus, C. riverinae, C. simulatus, and C. tropicalis. The exotic species included are C. brevis (Walker) and C. dudleyi Banks. Two other species, C. cynocephalus Light and C. domesticus (Haviland), previously considered to be introduced exotic species, occur naturally in northern Australia and are treated as endemic. Keys are given to the imago and soldier castes of all the above species.


For more than 50 years, research has been accumulating on how regime differences impact Mainland China and Taiwan in terms of socioeconomic transformation, the development of politics and constitutions, and diverse issues of foreign policy. Much less is known, however, about differences in public confidence in the criminal justice system. To address the obvious gap, this study utilized second-wave data collected by the Asian Barometer cross-national survey. Findings demonstrated that Chinese citizens reflect higher levels of trust in criminal justice institutions than their Taiwanese counterparts and public perceptions of the degree of democracy had a positive effect on public attitudes. Citizens who acknowledge more satisfaction with institutional performance also tend to have more trust in the criminal justice system.


A Photo-Voltaic Solar System (PVSS) is being operated in Steve Biko campus, Durban University of Technology. The energy generated by the PVSS is time varying, based on the quantity of sunlight and the temperature at which the photovoltaic (PV) cell functions. Consequently, in all situations, it is critical to obtain the full power from the PV array. The monitoring control strategy of Maximum Power Generated (MPG) from the PVSS connected to a Boost Inverter (BI) is presented in this research paper by employing an Improved Incremental Conductance and Integral Regulator (IIC & IR). The outcomes of the simulation indicate that full power can be obtained from the PV array while ensuring a consistent generated voltage under various operating scenarios.


Britain's industrial strategy was not equal to the task of overcoming the massive inertial resistance to change manifested by the British industrial system—not least because it still failed altogether to address the problem of the trade unions, possibly the strongest single factor militating against technical innovation and high productivity


Recently, an efficient, numerically robust algorithm for calculating acoustic normal modes called MODELAB was implemented [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1576–1585 (1995)]. In this paper, a new approach is introduced and shown to significantly reduce the most computationally intensive aspect of MODELAB: the requirement of fine wave number presampling during the search for eigenvalues. Analytic derivatives (up to sixth order) are efficiently calculated using a new recursion relation for the characteristic equation. The derivatives are used to form Pade approximants, which in turn, are used to locally extrapolate the characteristic equation to find successive eigenvalues. Results indicate that an algorithm using this technique can be more than a factor of five times faster than the MODELAB algorithm, and the new technique is shown to be particularly efficient at near‐degenerate eigenvalues, which previously had been the most difficult to identify.


Authors Christopher B. Philips, CFA Francis M. Kinniry Jr., CFA Todd Schlanger Executive summary. Indexing refers to an investment methodology that attempts to track a specific market index (either broadly or narrowly focused) as closely as possible after accounting for all expenses incurred to implement the strategy. As a result of this objective, investors should expect an index fund to underperform its targeted benchmark by the amount of its expenses. This objective differs substantially from that of traditional investment managers, whose objective is to outperform their targeted benchmark even after accounting for all expenses. Indeed, an oft-cited benefit of actively managed investments is the opportunity for outperformance.


Childhood asthma and obesity constitute significant public health challenges that affect millions of children around the world. In the United States, approximately 9% of children have asthma andz30% are overweight or obese. Although we must always review our concepts and inferences as new data arise, a considerable body of epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for childhood asthma and increased asthma morbidity. Some studies have reported that asthma can precede childhood obesity, but their findings may have been driven by children who were already overweight at baseline and thus much more likely to become obese (1, 2). Bidirectional Mendelian randomization studies in children and adults have shown associations between obesity genetic risk scores and subsequent development of asthma but not between asthma genes and subsequent obesity (3, 4). Mendelian randomization studies allow us, to a certain degree, to examine directionality while eliminating various potential confounders. Moreover, weight loss can lead to significant improvements in asthma symptoms, quality of life, and lung function, further supporting the directionality of the association (5). In all likelihood, "obese asthma" is a complex group of phenotypes comprised of individuals in whom obesity contributes to asthma risk and morbidity, others in whom obesity complicates symptoms from existing asthma, and still others in whom poorly controlled asthma may be a risk factor for weight gain (6). For the field to move forward, however, we must shift our focus from evaluating whether there is a relationship between obesity and asthma to untangling the underlying pathways. Some of these pathways are likely shared by all obese individuals with asthma, whereas others may be specific to certain subphenotypes. Relying solely on the body mass index (BMI) will be vastly insufficient for this task. Though convenient in its simplicity, the BMI has inherent limitations, including the inability to discern body composition, adipose tissue distribution, or metabolic dysregulation. It serves as a readily available proxy for obesity, but it was never meant to provide insight into the mechanisms of disease. As a consequence, over time, physicians and researchers have had to coin terms such as "healthy obese" and "obesity paradox" to explain why outcomes do not match what one might expect from looking at a high BMI (7). In this issue of the Journal, Mensink-Bout and colleagues (pp. 348–355) go beyond the confines of BMI by assessing body composition and fat distribution by magnetic resonance imaging in 5,421 children at 10 years of age and evaluating their association with asthma risk and lung function (8). They report that total fat mass is associated with higher FEV1 and FVC but lower FEV1/FVC ratios. Moreover, only visceral fat was associated with these changes when conditioned on total fat mass; in other words, the amount of visceral fat deposition was associated with lung function independently of total body adiposity. Furthermore, in a longitudinal analysis, they showed that the fat mass index at 6 years of age (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound at that earlier time point in the cohort) was associated with increased asthma risk and higher FEV1 and FVC by age 10. These findings are consistent with prior studies, and the authors extend our knowledge by using magnetic resonance imaging to directly quantify fat mass, by evaluating specific adiposity patterns associated with lung function, and by performing cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Other strengths of the study include the large sample size and the population-based design of the well-characterized Generation R Study cohort. Among the weaknesses that the authors transparently acknowledge are the questionnaire-based ascertainment of asthma and the possibility of residual confounding by diet or other factors. In addition, as has been the case with many other longstanding birth cohorts, there was significant loss to follow-up through 10 years of age. Rather than being a quiescent energy storage organ, adipose tissue actively participates in several processes and can promote an inflammatory state that contributes to the development of disease. Mechanisms include the production of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, immune cell signaling, and metabolic dysregulation (9). Visceral adipose tissue in particular has been linked to cardiovascular disease and other complications of obesity. It could well be that it is also more actively involved in obese asthma. Visceral fat in obese women with asthma shows higher leptin gene expression and lower adiponectin expression than that in obese women without asthma, and leptin expression correlates with airway hyperreactivity (10). Alternatively, visceral adiposity and asthma could be downstream consequences of common inflammatory pathways. Chitinase 3-like1, for example, contributes to both allergic inflammatory responses and visceral fat accumulation (11). With this in mind, and in light of the findings reported by Mensink-Bout and colleagues, it will be crucial for future studies to confirm whether visceral or other specific adipose tissue depots are associated with asthma and other respiratory outcomes, and then focus on elucidating the underlying pathways and corresponding biomarkers. This will not only further our understanding of the disease, but in a "virtuous cycle" it will also improve our ability to discern different subphenotypes and endotypes of obese asthma, making it easier for us to study them and to manage our patients. Another plausible explanation for the reported findings is that certain distributions of adiposity might be associated with anatomical, developmental, or mechanical changes in the lungs. We previously reported that childhood obesity is associated with airway dysanapsis (with a stronger effect in boys than in girls) and that dysanapsis in turn is associated with more frequent asthma symptoms and exacerbations (12). In the current study, Mensink-Bout and colleagues report that visceral fat was associated with airway dysanapsis independently of the total fat mass. They also report stronger effect estimates for pericardial fat on FEV1 and FVC in boys than in girls. Lungs from adults with and without asthma show accumulation of adipose tissue in the outer wall of medium and large This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). For commercial usage and reprints, please contact Diane Gern (firstname.lastname@example.com).


Based on the assumption that needs play a key role in adoption behaviour, it is hypothesised that especially economic incentives, or a lack thereof, are of critical importance in explaining behaviour concerning recommended veld management systems. The perceived incompatibility of improved veld management with economic aspirations and goals and the doubts concerning production advantages and overall profitability, support the hypothesis and suggest that a strengthening of change-conducive or positive forces is more likely to bring about change than a reduction of negative forces.


Within the framework of non-extensive and incomplete statistical physics, after a microscopic volume is introduced, the probability distribution function and thermodynamic formulas are derived in a completely open system with incomplete statistics based on incomplete entropy under assumption of the maximum entropy principle.


This study explores the relationship between organizational strategy, rewardpractices, and firm performance. Researchers have not extensively investigatedthis potentially important topic. This paper presents some initial empiricalevidence that supports the notion that different types of reward practicesmore closely complement different generic strategies and are significantly relatedto higher levels of perceived organizational performance.


III-V nanowire transistors might provide a mean for extending Moore's law, by overcoming the scaling limitations ultimately facing planar silicon CMOS. These high frequency capable transistors with cut-off frequencies in the terahertz regime are suitable for radio communication. In this project an active double-balanced gilbert cell mixer consisting of nanowire field-effect transistors (NWFETs) was simulated in Cadence Virtuoso using a compact transistor model. The transistor model was extended to take flicker and thermal noise into account, in order to more accurately compare the mixers against state-of-the-art silicon CMOS implementations.

The final mixer for 60 GHz showed much greater linearity (0.4 dBm 1 dB compression and 8.5 dBm IIP 3) than previously reported silicon CMOS counterparts. It exhibited a conversion gain of 3.47 dB, a N F DSB of 14.6 dB and a DC power consumption of 8.7 mW.Based on these findings the design requirements for suitable low noise amplifier was discussed.


WHEN Shattock, in 1916, investigated the pathology of Nitch's case of a firm rounded tumour of the lower lip in a male who eleven years previously had suffered a cut on the lip as a result of a cycle accident, he advocated the retention of the term " pseudo-tuberculoma " for nodular lesions of noninfective origin histologically simulating tuberculosis. He described '' close congeries of large multinuclear giant cells, of giant cell systems, and of aggregates of systems such as construct the miliary tubercle of a tubercular focus.*' The giant cells were of striking size, and scattered throughout the section were transparent, angular, colourless particles, which were highly refractile under polarized Light and which proved to be siliceous in origin, thus being in keeping with foreign bodies introduced at the time of the accident. Clinically the lesion had been found to be a firm rounded tumour with the overlying skin freely movable. No mention was made of any change in the colour or consistence of the skin. Faulds (1935) reported two cases of similar type, 23 and 10 years respectively after injury, the lesions being firm tumours of cartilaginous consistence, tender but non-inflammatory, with no visible overlying scars. X-ray examination of the first case revealed a small foreign body, the source of which was proved beyond doubt. In the second case optically active crystals w êre demonstrated. No mention in either case is made of any alteration in the overlying skin. No evidence of tubercle could be traced, but the histologieal structure resembled closely that of a tubercular condition. Eden and Herbert-Burns (1936) reported a case following a fall on a flinty road 16 years previously. In this case a tender nodule developed beneath the scar of the original injury, the lesion having slowly formed during the three months prior to examination. The nodule was the size of a hazel nut, firm but slightly fluctuant, and attached to the scar and to the deep fascia. At


Ventricle fibrillation (VF) is a condition in which the heart's lower chambers show an unsynchronized and chaotic motion which prevents the heart from pumping blood and oxygen to the body. VF is considered a sudden cardiac arrest and it is responsible for 300,000 sudden deaths in the USA yearly. The most effective way of reversing this life threatening condition is to apply an electrical shock directly to the heart using an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD). The main issue in using ICDs is the placement of the defibrillating electrodes so that the current can be optimally channeled through the cardiac muscle, particularly in the left ventricular myocardium. According to the critical mass hypothesis, defibrillation will be successful when 75% of the myocardium tissue is halted by the defibrillation shock. The defibrillation threshold (DFT) or the minimum effective voltage required for successful results is suggested to be related to the myocardial voltage gradient (VG) distribution, but it has not been quantified. Moreover, the goal is to keep the DFT as low as possible to try to maximize the success of defibrillation, minimize the chance of myocardium damage and cardiac arrhythmias caused by high-intensity shocks, and also potentially reduce the battery size and as well as prolong the device's useful lifespan. Various numerical techniques have been used to model the heart to solve the governing equations required to obtain the myocardium VG distribution during electrical defibrillation. The Finite Element Method (FEM) has been of particular interest since it can handle the irregular domains, material inhomogeneities, and complex boundary conditions of problems in bioelectricity. In this thesis, a finite element model of the heart tissue is constructed in order to study and optimize the defibrillation mechanism. The modelling process starts with a surface reconstruction based on radial basis function interpolation to generate the triangular surface me%%%%La fibrillation ventriculaire (FV) est un etat dans lequel la cavite inferieure du coeur montre une motion asynchrone et chaotique, empechant le coeur de pomper le sang et l'oxygene au corps. La FV est consideree comme un arret cardiaque soudain, responsable de la mort subite de 300,000 personnes chaque annee aux Etats-Unis. Afin d'inverser cette condition mortelle, le recours le plus efficace est la delivrance d'un choc electrique directement au niveau du coeur a l'aide d'un Defibrillateur Cardioverteur Implantable (DCI). Le principal probleme de l'utilisation des DCIs est le placement des electrodes defibrillateurs pour permettre au courant d'etre conduit optimalment a travers du muscle cardiaque, en particulier, le myocarde ventriculaire gauche. Selon l'hypothese de la masse critique, la defibrillation sera reussi quand 75% du tissu de myocarde est inactive par le choc de defibrillation. Le seuil de defibrillation ou la tension efficace minimale exigee pour donner des resultats reussis est suggere d'etre lies a la distribution du gradient de la tension…


With the coming of information era and the establishment of socialist market-oriented economy,the pattern of qualification training for medical majors has been changed.The trinity training model which is characterized by the three essences of knowledge,ability and personality has enjoyed growing favor among medical colleges.This article breaks the traditional training model of education and management for medical majors.From the perspective of medical ethics,it explores the forms and methods to train medical students with "KAP medical training pattern" study in order to adapt medical personnel to the requirements of social development.


ABSTRACT A total of 1,256 conjunctival swabs were examined for potential pathogens, and 334 (26.6%) had positive cultures. Of these positive cultures, 107 were from neonates and 227 from other age ...


Using gene-targeting techniques, transgenic, knock-out (KO) mice, homozygous for the disrupted estrogen receptor α (αERKO) and β gene (βERKO) have been produced. Estrogen receptor (ER) β expression does not appear to be dependent on ER α expression. Progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA is detected in αERKO mice and appears to have both estrogen-independent and -dependent gene regulation. The phenotypic differences in αERKO and βERKO mice are described. Additional studies will further define the specific roles of ER α and ER β in various tissues.


The method is used for the purification of dust-containing synthesis gases (1), resulting in reactors or shaft (2) by carbothermal and / or electro-thermal processes, and after leaving the reactor or the shaft furnace at elevated temperatures by physical separation methods (3) (of dust-like solids 4 ) liberated and are cooled by means of a downstream heat exchanger (5). To obtain a long filter life with good cleaning of the synthesis gas, it is proposed that the dust-containing synthesis gas (1) after leaving the reactor (2) and before the release of powdered solids in the presence of water vapor through a delay zone (6) to lead the difference of Gasendtemperatur (T3) of the synthesis gas after liberation from the dust-like solids and cooling the maximum gas temperature in the residence time (T2) is set to at least 400 K.


Crit Care Med 2012 Vol. 40, No. 4 Sepsis is the 11th leading cause of death overall in the United States and despite advances in its treatment, sepsis continues to cause a huge number of deaths (1). Therefore, new additional therapies for sepsis are a priority. Statins or 3-hydroxy3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors are extensively used as lipidlowering agents for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. In addition, statins exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions, referred to as pleiotropic effects, which are mostly independent of lipid-lowering and seem to be mediated by disrupting the synthesis of the isoprenoid derivatives of mevalonate and subsequent geranylation of membrane proteins. These effects make statins investigational and promising drugs for an increasing number of disorders, including severe infection and sepsis. In this issue of Critical Care Medicine, Leung et al (2), however, report that the use of statins is not associated with improved survival in patients with bloodstream infection. Bacteremia is a fundamental pathophysiological determinant of sepsis, which is referred to as a process of malignant intravascular inflammation that permits the extension of a normal pathophysiological response to infection to involve otherwise normal tissue. The mechanisms by which statins reduce sepsis-associated inflammation are not completely understood. The experimental benefits of statins in sepsis could be mainly mediated through their effects on cell signaling with consequent changes at the transcriptional level, the induction of heme oxygenase, the direct alteration of leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction, and the reduced expression of major histocompatibility complex II (3). In animal models of sepsis, treatment with statins has been reported to improve outcome, providing the biological plausibility for studies in human beings. The effect of statins in sepsis has been evaluated in several prospective and retrospective observational studies. Two systematic reviews and meta-analysis (4, 5) plus a systematic review (6) on severe infections and sepsis have recently been published. In the latest of these metaanalysis, Janda et al (5) demonstrated a significant protective effect on various infection-related outcomes for statins in patients with sepsis and/or infection compared with placebo, including bacteremia-related mortality in four studies and sepsis-related mortality in another four studies. These encouraging results, however, are limited by the design of the selected studies. Only one study was a randomized controlled trial (7), in which sepsis-related outcomes were not the primary end point, and 12 of 19 cohort studies were retrospective with a limited ability to control confounding variables. In contrast, this year one retrospective observational study in severe sepsis and septic shock (8) and two prospective observational studies in pneumonia (9) and bloodstream infections in immunosuppressed patients (10) found no benefit in the use of statins on clinical outcomes. Kruger et al (11) recently published a randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin (20 mg) or matched placebo in 150 patients on pre-existing statin therapy requiring hospitalization for infection. They reported no benefit in the continuation of treatment with statins on the progression of sepsis and inflammatory parameters. None of these studies evaluating the effects of statins provided information on side effects of statins. The risks associated with statin therapy may be increased for septic patients and so need to be examined. The study by Leung et al (2) is a retrospective cohort propensity-matched study of the effects of statins on 90-day all-cause mortality in 2139 hospitalized adult patients with bloodstream infection. An initial association was found in the unmatched cohort between ongoing treatment with statins and mortality (odds ratio 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.94), but it disappeared when a rigorous propensity assay was applied to balance the differences in baseline clinical factors between groups (odds ratio 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.70–1.06), pointing out how results can change after controlling confounding variables. Statins were also not associated with any of the secondary outcomes in the propensity-matched cohort: reduced intensive care unit admission, hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, and the need for mechanical or noninvasive ventilation. The authors included in the propensity score calculation a large number of important variables associated with statin use and the outcome. The matching process eliminated all significant differences that existed between groups with the sole exception being the higher percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 6 hrs at the time of bacteremia in the nonstatin group. A significant aspect of the study is that the number of patients with bacteremia who received statins in the study (n = 447 in the matched cohort) is much higher than those previously published by other authors (10, 12–15). It is also significant that when the authors performed a sensitivity analysis including only patients with sepsis (78%), which is the hypothetical reason for using statins in severe infections, there was no benefit in the use of statins on survival. It is worth noting that this study included the types of statins used as well as other cardiovascular medications such as aspirin, which could improve the protective effects of statins in severe sepsis (16). The study has certain limitations; some important confounding variables such as septic shock and inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment were not included; the dose of statin was not analyzed and the duration of prehospital statin therapy were unknown. Besides, the observational design of the study does not allow the inference of causality. Despite these limitations, the study by Leung et al (2) adds relevant knowledge about the use of statins in bloodstream infections. Statins for sepsis: Has their time come?*


s and presentations: AACR special meeting-Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Published abstract and poster presentation by Chotirat Rattanasinchai "MLKs regulate the activities of the small GTPases, Rho and Rac, to drive both single cell and collective cell migration in breast cancer invasion". January 21-23, 2012; San Diego, CA. Summer Research Opportunity Program (SROP) at MSU (Aug, 2012) and Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE) Nov. 1, 2012, "The Effect of MLK Inhibitor on Metastatic Mouse Cancer Cells", Presentation by Lishann Ingham,MSU-SROP undergraduate student, East Lansing, MI DoD Era of Hope Meeting, Published abstract and poster presentation, "MLK3 signaling in breast cancer invasion and metastasis", Aug. 2-5 2011, Baltimore, MD MRS-AACR Joint Conference on Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, September


A one-dimensional simulation model of a piston aero-engine was established with AVL BOOST according to the structure of the prototype engine.And the simulation model was validated by the ground performance experiment and simulation computation.A mathematical model was set up to calculate the minimum ignition energy based on thorough analysis of combustion mechanism of the engine combustible mixture.Then the minimum ignition energy at high altitude with different air-fuel ratios under stable operation condition was calculated by using AVL BOOST and MATLAB,and the minimum ignition energy MAP was provided.Experiment was conducted to validate the calculation results.The results show that the model of calculating the minimum ignition energy is correct and feasible,and also can meet the requirements of further research and performance prediction.


Let $\beta$ be the functor from Set to CHaus which maps each discrete set X to its Stone-Cech compactification, the set $\beta$ X of ultrafilters on X. Every graph G with vertex set V naturally gives rise to a graph $\beta G$ on the set $\beta V$ of ultrafilters on V . In what follows, we interrelate the properties of G and $\beta G$. Perhaps the most striking result is that G can be finitely coloured iff $\beta G$ has no loops.


Summary A generalized system for the concise representation and manipulation of taxonomic descriptions is described. The system is versatile, easy to understand, and designed to minimise coding errors. The descriptions can replace natural-language descriptions both at the time of recording and in publications. The descriptions are also computer-readable, and a program is available for translation into natural language and into the formats required by some key-generation and numerical-classification programs.


This paper studies online convex optimization with stochastic constraints. We propose a variant of the drift-plus-penalty algorithm that guarantees $O(\sqrt{T})$ expected regret and zero constraint violation, after a fixed number of iterations, which improves the vanilla drift-plus-penalty method with $O(\sqrt{T})$ constraint violation. Our algorithm is oblivious to the length of the time horizon $T$, in contrast to the vanilla drift-plus-penalty method. This is based on our novel drift lemma that provides time-varying bounds on the virtual queue drift and, as a result, leads to time-varying bounds on the expected virtual queue length. Moreover, we extend our framework to stochastic-constrained online convex optimization under two-point bandit feedback. We show that by adapting our algorithmic framework to the bandit feedback setting, we may still achieve $O(\sqrt{T})$ expected regret and zero constraint violation, improving upon the previous work for the case of identical constraint functions. Numerical results demonstrate our theoretical results.


Knowledge  management  system  at  PT  Guna  Karya  Indonesia  has  tacit  knowledge  and  explicit knowledge by transferring directly to the employees without any storage media, so that such a system is felt to have constraints because not all employees obtain or know the knowledge, although there is no storage of knowledge  then  it  is  feared  that  the  transferred  knowledge  will  just  disappear.  In  addition  there  is  no knowledge  sharing  application  that  can  allow  a  person  to  interact  or  share  knowledge  wherever  and whenever, for example a discussion forum currently running at PT Guna Karya Indonesia is by way of meeting or meeting directly (face to face) also criticisms and advice  employees in issuing criticisms or suggestions are done manually  like is by talking directly to other employees. Surely this will take more time and effort and another with training or workshop system does not have storage media and the lack of knowledge transfer training to employees who do not attend the training does not know the results of the training.


When talking about location-based services, one of the key factors influencing the overall service quality is the positioning accuracy that the system can rely upon. Nowadays, wireless LAN hardware supports the variation of the transmission power in a wide range. In this paper, two novel algorithms suitable for extension of common wireless LAN-based positioning systems are presented. These novel algorithms exploit the additional information that can be gained by using one or more non-standard transmission power levels. Our findings indicate that the overall positioning accuracy and reliability can be increased with such an approach.


Successful shooting performance is associated with good postural balance and gun stability. Previous research indicates that postural balance and gun stability, which discriminate between shooters from different skill levels (Konttinen et al., 1999; Mononen, et al., 2003), can be improved in inexperienced shooters using auditory feedback (Konttinen, et al 2004). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of auditory feedback associated with gun-hold performance on postural balance and gun stability in competitive pistol and rifle shooters. Participants were 12 pistol and 12 rifle shooters (14 male and 10 female; aged 37.63 SD=12.66 yrs, with 4 to 30 yrs. of sport experience). An optoelectronic shooting device (ST-2000, Noptel) recorded shooting score and gun displacement in terms of horizontal (DEVH) and vertical deviations (DEVV) of the gun barrel. A triangular-shaped force platform (Good Balance, Metitur Ltd.) measured anteroposterior (VELAP) and mediolateral (VELML) sway velocity. A single practice session consisting of four training stages was carried out. Post-shot knowledge of results was always available. Ten shots were performed in the first (KR1) and last (KR2) practice stages. In the second stage (AF), an auditory signal was provided when the aiming point was inside the 10-ring. In the third condition (IM), the shooters imagined the sound when their aiming point was inside the 10-ring. The change in the behavioural variables (shooting score, DEVH, DEVV, VELML, VELAR) across the training stages was examined conducting an ANOVA procedure separately for each variable. The values of the four states (KR1, AF, IM, KR2)were used as within-subject factor, and the type of gun (rifle, pistol) as between-subject factor. Only for the hold variable DEVV statistically significant Stage by Gun interaction was found, Wilk's Lambda .681, F(3,20) = 3.130, p = .049. The analysis of the DEVV was elaborated with separate ANOVAs for the two groups. The variation between the stages of training was statistically significant for both, rifle F(3,33) = 4.332, p= .011 (Power .824), and pistol shooters F(3,33) = 3.986, p = .016 (Power .788). According to the Student-Newman-Keuls test of differences among four means, DEVV was lower in the AF than in the KR1 stage among pistol shooters (p< .01), but not among rifle shooters, who exhibited lower vertical deviation in the imagery and KR stages than in the AF stage (p< .05). These results indicate that auditory feedback associated with gun-hold performance does not have a significant effect on the postural balance of competitive rifle or pistol shooters in a single practice session. However, pistol shooters benefited from auditory feedback indexed in terms of vertical deviations of the gun barrel. Such effects were not found in rifle shooters. References Konttinen, Lyytinen, & Era, (1999). Journal of Motor Behavior, 31, pp. 11-20. Konttinen, Mononen, Viitasalo, & Mets, (2004). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, 306-316. Mononen, Viitasalo, Konttinen, & Era, (2003). Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 867-876.


This research is a form of response to the findings of problems that occur in the scope of vocational education in the field of art and design in West Java. Based on the results of preliminary studies, it was obtained that almost vocational education both managed by the private sector and the government is partly less concerned especially from the improvement of the competence of educators, especially in the form of learning methods and models. Teaching materials development workshops are conducted using an andragogy education approach subject is teachers in associate with MGMP Art and Design as target audiences. Workshop activities were conducted in three different places, namely SMK Sinar Parahiangan (Cianjur), SMKN 1 Panyingkiran (Majalengka), and SMKN 2 Garut. The exterior of this research is in the form of teaching materials in the form of Sketch and Drawing subject modules. It is hoped that the presence of such externalies can be a reference in the development of teaching materials for vocational education, especially in West Java and generally in Indonesia.


Elk that originated in the Southeast coast of China and the Yangtze River Basin are very large deer with big flat antlers living in marshy areas. In ancient times, peasants once made use of the muddy ground where the elk had trampled to sow paddy rice, which later inspired them to make oxen trample ground and give birth to the trampling tillage technology that spread further to the southeast countries. The elk were the only deer whose antlers came off in winter. So our ancestors viewed this phenomenon as Yin and Yang, the two opposing principles in nature, the former feminine and negative, the latter masculine and positive, and the interaction between Heaven and Human beings. Moreover, seeking for elk was likened to contend for the throne, for the big and tall male elk symbolized the emperor. And many Chinese characters were coined on the basis of the elk. The above mentioned shows that the elk are of great potential influence on Chinese culture.


A robot that is functionally indistinguishable from us may or may not be a mindless Zombie. There will never be any way to know, yet its functional principles will be as close as we can ever get to explaining the mind.


This paper proposes a business plan for Music Score Consulting SAS, a consulting service entrepreneurship focused in professional music engraving. The above-mentioned consultancies, which may be categorized within the professional services sector, in close relation to cultural industries, are aimed towards the music circle market, particularly to those organizations that require guidance and expert advice for the development of projects that involve music engraving; the business plan deals with the following main aspects: market, operation, organization and finances.


Objective:To study the coping style of Chinese stock investors.Methods:Coping Style Questionnaire was sent to 1840 stock investors. Results: Solving-problem and Retreat were often used; the coping style was significantly different among investors of different investing time, investing cycle, profit and loss,and self-evaluation on stock knowledge. Investors of different time of investing were significantly different in the coping skill of seeking help and rationalization.Negative coping ways were more adopted by the investors of long investing cycle,and loss or no profit or loss. Conclusion:We need pay attention to investors' mental health, especially to the long-time invest and investor of loss; it will improve the investers' ability to cope with setbacks when we help them to master more stock knowledge.


The forward-backward asymmetries of the processes e + e − → Z → bb and e + e − → Z → cc were measured from a sample of hadronic Z decays collected by the DELPHI experiment between 1993 and 1995. Enriched samples of b ¯ b and c¯ c events were obtained using lifetime information. The tagging of b and c quarks in these samples was based on the semileptonic decay channels b/c → X + µ and b/c → X + e combined with charge flow information from the hemisphere opposite to the lepton. Combining the A bb FB and A cc FB measurements presented in this paper with published results based on 1991 and 1992 DELPHI data samples, the following pole asymmetries were obtained:


Changes in 44 compounds of yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) steam-distilled peel oil (SDO) and possible artifacts that accrue during storage at 25°C were investigated after 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Changes in SDO composition during storage took place more rapidly than in cold-pressed oil. Total monoterpene hydrocarbons decreased markedly, with major losses of limonene and γ-terpinene and notable increases in p-cymene, as well as alcohols. Bicyclogermacrene, the main sesquiterpene hydrocarbon of the fresh oil, practically disappeared. (–)-Spathulenol, the main artifact, was converted from bicyclogermacrene. Antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, β-carotene and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) slowed the formation of oxidation products, such as p-cymene, (–)-spathulenol by inhibiting the formation of oxidative products. This suggests that the antioxidants can be used to maintain yuzu oil quality.


Tanks, pipelines and other items are often made using heat insulation from mineral wool, which is made of non-organic fibers and binding to provide operational properties, including hydrophobic property related to water. However this technology does not protect from wetting by many other fluids and mineral is good in absorbing oil, petroleum products (motor oils, lubricants, solvents, anti-freezes etc.). This is why fire safety of combustible fluids spill on building structures with heat insulating layer from mineral wool is connected with possible fire spreading. In order to study conditions under which spill fire is developed along vertical structures of cylindrical oil and oil products tanks, fire tests and experiments were conducted on cold hydraulic rig. For physical modeling of the accident and spill fire, heat insulating layer gasoline and motor oil dip were used. Depending on the location of tank shell relative to heat insulating layer, fire propagation in the ventilated gap and smoldering without gap were studied. For all constructive solutions a certain heat effect was observed, but it has been indicated that concealed burning propagation is the ultimate danger. Data for the evaluation of the residual content of petroleum products in the heat insulating layer depending on the time after spill fire accident was obtained, this data is suggested to be used to forecast duration and intensity of spill fire. Factors characterizing product viscosity of petroleum product and dependence of viscosity from temperature were referred to as dominant. Signs of petroleum products distillation and rectification processes, which may accompany vertical spill fire and facilitate to the propagation of combustion of gaseous products in the top of heat insulating layer as well as combustion of heavy fractions in its lower part. Conclusions were drawn that with timely cessation of spill accident, desorption process significantly reduces fire load on heat insulating layer, but ignition hazard is present for a long time, especially in the cases when mineral wool is impregnated with viscous oil products. It was also noted, that increase in temperature during spill fire leads to the decrease in oil products viscosity, with which mineral wool is impregnated, and as a result desorption is enhanced, leakage of flammable liquid speeds up and transition of vertical spill fire into horizontal becomes more probable.


Since 1999, when the new democratic governance came into being, there have been three different Electoral Acts in Nigeria. The provisions for disqualification of candidates for election in the 2002 Electoral Act were significantly altered by its 2006 successor. While under the former, the power resided in the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC), the latter completely removed the power from INEC and placed it in the courts. Despite the clear tenor of the new provision, INEC and its sympathizers have continued to hold the view, even in the face of a Supreme Court decision to the contrary, that the 2002 position has not changed. This article sets out to examine this aspect of the electoral process under the 2002 and 2006 Electoral Acts and the cases decided under each, particularly a recent Supreme Court ruling on the matter.


The marketing strategy resulting from hi-tech technical achievements is somewhat certain different from traditional product marketing.Therefore,we must apply integral marketing ideal to develop marketing work through various marketing methods.To this end,the article discusses knowledge marketing strategy,differentiated marketing strategy and service marketing strategy around marketing strategy resulting from hi-tech technical achievements.


Introduction: The myocardial contraction fraction (MCF), the ratio of LV stroke volume (SV) to myocardial volume (MV), is a volumetric measure of myocardial shortening. With 3D-echocardiography and MRI, MCF distinguished pathologic from physiologic hypertrophy and predicted incident CV events. However, the association between 2D echo-determined MCF and adverse CV outcomes is not known, nor has the premise that this ratio adequately captures the predictive information of its components, SV and MV, been tested. Methods: Using CHS data, we calculated MCF from 2-D guided M-mode echo dimensions to estimate LV volumes and SV. MV was estimated from the measurements of LV mass divided by myocardial density. Among individuals with a normal EF, Cox regression was used to examine the associations between MCF with incident heart failure (HF), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality adjusting for clinical and echo parameters. We further examined the validity of the premise that log(SV) and log(MV) contribute in the expected ratio of 1: -1 with our outcomes of interest. Results: 1556 participants were identified with an EF ≥ 55% (age 72±5) that had baseline echo data and available covariate information. MCF averaged 58% (Range: 21-104%). After controlling for CV, clinical risk factors, echo variables and NT-proBNP, a 10% relative increase in MCF was significantly associated with reduced risk of HF, CVD and death. When included separately in the models, both MV and SV showed significant associations with CVD and death, however, only MV was significant for HF and the coefficients violated the 1:-1 ratio suggesting MCF is not the best way to model this relationship. Conclusions: Among older adults with normal EF, 2D-echo MCF was associated with a lower risk of adverse CV outcomes after adjustment for clinical factors, echo parameters, and NT-proBNP. However, MCF compared to its component measures might be inadequate for risk prediction in HF.


Objectives To study the effect of late reperfusion on caspase-3 activity of ischemic myocardium in rabbit and its significance. Methods 24 adult rabbits were randomly divided into3 groups: Sham (S) without ligation of coronary artery, Late Reperfusion (LR) with ligation for 3 hours following release for 3 hours and Persistent Ischemia (PI) with persistent ligation of coronary artery for 6 hours. All animals were sacrificed 6 hours after the beginning of the experiments. Border region of infarcted myocardium were incised for analyzing the concentration of SOD, MDA, GR and the expression of FADD, Caspase-3 and the apoptosis index (AI). Results Compared with the Sham group, LR and PI group exhibited much higher MDA, FADD, Caspase-3, AI and much lower SOD, GR(all P<0.01). Compared with the PI group, LR group exhibited higher MDA, FADD, Caspase-3, AI and lower SOD, GR (all P<0.05). Conclusions Late reperfusion markedly enhanced the Caspase-3 activity and then the number of apoptotic cardiomyocyte in border region of infracted myocardium, which indicated the existence of late reperfusion injury. The mechanism may involve the high oxidative stress state and expression of FADD.


Prenatal diagnosis exhibits very important clinical significances in preventing and controlling the incidence of diseases.Currently,most of prenatal diagnosis technologies are invasive,and are harmful to both mother and fetus,so alternative noninvasive methods are necessary.It is confirmed that fetal cells exist in maternal peripheral blood,but the number is rare and is different between individuals;therefore it is difficult to apply this technique for clinical purpose.Recently it has been clarified that the concentration of free fetal DNA in maternal plasma or serum is high.As the development of molecular technologies provides a possibility to detect fetal DNA in maternal plasma or serum,noninvasive prenatal diagnosis become practical in clinical application.This paper mainly introduced the origin,characteristics and clinical application of cell-free fetal DNA in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.


all micropropagation methods involve the proliferation of callusing via MS media. While such medias have been moderately too highly successful in terms of multiplication yields, it has become increasingly important to improve productivity and reduce the time taken to multiply commercially important material. Micropropagation by conventional techniques is typically a labour intensive time taking means of clonal propagation. Several biochemical's have been added to conventional plant tissue culture media in order to promote plant regeneration. Any deviation from this stereotype media is welcome in order to regenerate plants at a faster rate. Use of cyanbacteria in this process might just be the alternate option. Cyanbacteria or blue green algae are prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganism that produces a wide array of substances, including plant growth regulators that are liberated into the media as the organisms grow. In the present study, leaf explants of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni induced callusing when put on a mixture of different cyanobacterial cultures as a medium for regeneration. Maximum proliferation however was obtained on media containing cyanobacterial media (5ml/l and 10ml/l) for initiation and maturation medium respectively + Sucrose (3% w/v)+ CaCl2 (0.44mg). All reports till date use either cyanobacterial extracts, extracelluar products/ filtrate. The present research communication gives a unique report on use of cyanobacteria in regenerating somatic embroyogenic callus and as a substitute to MS media.


Bezuidenhout and Grimmett proved that the critical contact process dies out. Here, we generalize the result to the so called contact process in a random evolving environment (CPREE), introduced by Erik Broman. This process is a generalization of the contact process where the recovery rate can vary between two values. The rate which it chooses is determined by a background process, which evolves independently at different sites. As for the contact process, we can similarly define a critical value in terms of survival for this process. In this paper we prove that this definition is independent of how we start the background process, that finite and infinite survival (meaning nontriviality of the upper invariant measure) are equivalent and finally that the process dies out at criticality.


Cultivate students' innovative ability is the key of the higher education reformation,but the practice course has an irreplaceable position in students' innovative ability.Through analysis the existing problems in the practice course of Chinese colleges and universities,and linking with actual teaching practice of industry-university-institute,the advantages and problems which need resolved is expounded in the paper.The results showed that the combination of industry-university-institute platform and practical courses will become a new cultivate talented mode in the university innovation.


Since its inception in 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has undertaken a wide range of actions on problems on national, military, political and environmental concern. These actions have involved NATO in numerous matters of scientific ..


Appeals from the Magistrates Court. Appeals from the Crown Court. Appeals to the House of Lords. Judicial Review. Appeals to the Privy Council. Appeals to the European Court of Human Rights. Appeals to the United Nations. Human Rights Committee. Appendices include Practice Directions, official guidance notes, forms and precedents.


This paper presents a position control of a single rod electro-hydraulic actuator based on an integrator backstepping approach and tuned controller gain parameters by using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The aim of this paper is to develop optimal Back Stepping Controller (BSC) architecture on a nonlinear Electro Hydraulic Servo System (EHSS) of asymmetric cylinder to improve the position control performance. The influences of getting the parameters on the control law are analyzed in order to establish some rules of optimization. This can be determined automatically and intelligently by minimizing Integral Square Error (ISE). The proposed controller is simulated and then implemented to the experimental test bed to track the desired signal and test the limits of its performance. The simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


A 71-year-old woman who was resuscitated from cardiac arrest after
pericardial drainage, was admitted to our hospital. Enhanced computed
tomography demonstrated pericardial effusion due to rupture of posterior
ventricular myocardium. She underwent emergent surgical repair. A 20-mm
tear in the extensively necrotic left ventricular posterior wall and
active hemorrhage were identified. Sutureless repair using three sheets
of TachoSil (CSL Behring, Tokyo, Japan) and fibrin glue was performed.
To reduce ventricular pressure to avoid re-rupture and formation of
ventricular aneurysm, deep sedation was followed in the intensive care
unit for 2 weeks. The patient returned to her normal daily life and is
progressing well for more than 5 months after the surgery.


The changes of Liaoning quarterly and annual rainfall and temperature are reseached by using wavelet transformation and linear trend estimation,according to the 1961-2008 Liaoning meteorological observatory of rainfall and temperature data.The analysis results showed that the precipitation in Liaoning province presents decreasing trend,and the seasonal variation amplitudes are quite differences.The effect of artificial rainfall in the spring mor obvious.During the 48 years,the changes in rainfall is "stable but decreasing a little bit",and the average rainfall reduced 1.3 mm per year.During the 48 years,Liaoning annual average temperature rises,and the seasonal change tends to differ.The average temperature is 9.3 ℃,almost rising 0.34 mm for every 10 years,especially in the late 1980s.Winter temperature rising rate is 0.53 ℃ for 10 years,which has the greatest contribution to the rising of annual average temperature.


Virtual water strategy has become a research focus of modern water science. According to traditional virtual water theories, virtual water should flow from regions rich in water to those poor in it. However the flowing direction of virtual water in China is from the north to the south, This paper constructs the virtual water flowing matrixes embedded in the major crops between 1990-2010 among eight regions of China, and builds the model for assessing the network system stability based on the related concept and method of the ecological network security system. This paper reaches such conclusions that:(1) the three regions of Northeast China, Huang-Huai-Hai plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the main net virtual water export area, while the other five regions are the net import area in China, and the virtual water flowing quantity tends to increase;(2) the channel number of network system of virtual water flowing pattern decreased from 26 in 1999 to 24 in 2010, and the channel capacity was reduced from 2.3676 in 1999 to 2.0171 in 2010, which shows that the network system environment was degraded;(3) the polymerization degree of network system decreased from 1.0456 in 1999 to 0.7614 in 2010, which reflects the fact that the interdependency degree among eight regions was weakening;(4) the redundancy of network system decreased from 1.3221 in 1999 to 1.2557 in 2010, and the usage rate was decreased from 0.4416 in 1999 to 0.3775 in 2010, while the idleness rate was increased from 0.5584 in 1999 to 0.6225 in 2010, which reflects the fact that the optional paths of network system were decreased and the anti-interference capacity of network system was weakening. The network system indexes mentioned above show that the stability of the system is abating year by year. Finally, five measures are suggested to be taken:(1) set up the early warning system of food security;(2) strengthen the ability of food product, circulation and conservation;(3) promote the international strategy of food security;(4) constitute practical virtual water strategy;(5) establish the agricultural ecology compensation mechanism.


Abstract In the long range prediction of the large scale motion of the atmosphere it is essential to prescribe realistic lower boundary conditions over oceans which incorporate the important features of the sea-air interaction. These features include the energy input to the atmosphere arising from the flux of latent heat of the water vapor evaporated from the sea as a result of the absorption of solar energy in the upper levels of the ocean. In addition, one must include the braking action of the wavy sea surface on the surface winds. For a simplified model incorporating these features a steady model is postulated where advection effects are neglected. The domain considered includes the atmospheric surface boundary layer and the upper levels of the sea down to a depth below the diurnal thermocline. In the surface boundary layer the shear stress and the heat flux are considered invariant, and the turbulent diffusivities proposed by Pandolfo are used. For the oceans we essentially use the model due to Munk ...


Investigation of the Performance and Water Transport of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell. (December 2007) Yong Hun Park, B.S., Kyungpook National University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jerald A. Caton Fuel cell performance was obtained as functions of the humidity at the anode and cathode sites, back pressure, flow rate, temperature, and channel depth. The fuel cell used in this work included a membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) which possessed an active area of 25, 50, and 100 cm with the Nafion 117 and 115 membranes. Higher flow rates of inlet gases increase the performance of a fuel cell by increasing the removal of the water vapor, and decrease the mass transportation loss at high current density. Higher flow rates, however, result in low fuel utilization. An important factor, therefore, is to find the appropriate stoichiometric flow coefficient and starting point of stoichiometric flow rate in terms of fuel cell efficiency. Higher air supply leads to have better performance at the constant stoichiometric ratio at the anode, but not much increase after the stoichiometric ratio of 5. The effects of the environmental conditions and the channel depth for an airbreathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell were investigated experimentally. Triple serpentine designs for the flow fields with two different flow depths was used. The


Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the microscopic motion of methane, ethane, propene, and propane adsorbed in three pure silica zeolites with windows made of 8 SiO4 tetrahedral units: Si-LTA, Si-IHW, and Si-ITE. The zeolite framework and guest structures have been simulated allowing full flexibility, using the well-known BKS model and the potential of Oie et al., respectively. The MD approach followed allows us to calculate the intra- and intercage dynamics of the smaller adsorbates, that is, methane and ethane, in statistically meaningful time and length scales in the temperature range studied, whereas for the larger size guest molecules the analysis of intercage motion is limited to higher temperatures. Calculated self-diffusion coefficients for methane, ethane, and propene show a decreasing trend correlated with increasing guest kinetic diameter sizes and decreasing critical window size, confirming experimental measurements on the molecular sieving properties of 8-ring zeolite...


SUMMARY Backgrounds: Approximately one quarter of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) have distant metastases at initial diagnosis and almost 50 % will develop them during the disease course. Only radical surgical resection of metastases improves the clinical outcome and offers the chance of long-term survival. Initially unresectable metastases can become resectable after downsizing with systemic therapy. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis included 21 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) who were treated from 2006 to 2012 and underwent resection/ablation of metastases. 14 patients had resection at initial diagnosis of metastatic disease and 7 patients achieved operability of metastases after the systemic treatment. The aim of the analysis was to evaluate surgical treatment of metastases and its impact on prognosis in patients with mCRC in correlation with clinical-pathological-genetic factors. Results: The median age of patients was 59 years. 14 patients had metastases in liver, 1 patient had metastases in lungs, 2 patients had combination of hepatic and extrahepatic metastases and 4 patients had metastases in other regions. In median follow-up of 47 months, 17 patients experienced disease progression and 13 patients died. Median progression free survival (PFS) after surgical resection/ablation of metastases was 17 months (95% CI 13.88-20.12) and median overall survival (OS) was 48 months (95% CI 38.77-57.23). KRAS mutation was detected in 47.6 % of patients and BRAF mutation in 9.5 % of patients. Patients with BRAF mutation had worse PFS (median = 10 months vs 17 months; p = 0.523)  and OS (median = 22 months vs 51 months; p = 0.05) compared to patients with BRAF wild-type. No difference was observed in PFS and OS between the patients with one or more metastatic lesions and between the patients who underwent resection/ablation of metastases initially or after systemic treatment. Conclusion: These data suggest that resection/ablation of metastases significantly improves the prognosis of patients with mCRC and support the notion that mutated BRAF has a strong negative prognostic significance also in the group of patients, who undergo surgical resection/ablation of metastatic lesions.


We prove that for an $L$-layer fully-connected linear neural network, if the width of every hidden layer is $\tilde\Omega (L \cdot r \cdot d_{\mathrm{out}} \cdot \kappa^3 )$, where $r$ and $\kappa$ are the rank and the condition number of the input data, and $d_{\mathrm{out}}$ is the output dimension, then gradient descent with Gaussian random initialization converges to a global minimum at a linear rate. The number of iterations to find an $\epsilon$-suboptimal solution is $O(\kappa \log(\frac{1}{\epsilon}))$. Our polynomial upper bound on the total running time for wide deep linear networks and the $\exp\left(\Omega\left(L\right)\right)$ lower bound for narrow deep linear neural networks [Shamir, 2018] together demonstrate that wide layers are necessary for optimizing deep models.


Bird flu experts meeting in Jakarta last week concluded that a rare instance of human-to-human-to-human transmission had indeed occurred within a large family cluster in Indonesia. (Read more.)


An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside the mother's womb when the fertilized egg from the ovary does not implant itself normally in the uterus. It is usually found in the first 5-10 weeks of pregnancy. To prevent unwanted pregnancy, emergency contraceptive used has been popular since the last two decades. It is seen to have 99% successful rate if taken within 72 hours after unprotected coitus and of which 1% is seen to have normal pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis through thorough and detail history collection/physical examination with early management has saved many maternal lives from unwanted risks, shocks, death etc.


Objective This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic characteristics of Berkshire (BS), Landrace (LR), and Yorkshire (YS) pig breeds raised in the Great Grandparents pig farms using the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) information. Methods A total of 25,921 common SNP genotype markers in three pig breeds were used to estimate the expected heterozygosity (HE), polymorphism information content, F-statistics (FST), linkage disequilibrium (LD) and effective population size (Ne). Results The chromosome-wise distribution of FST in BS, LR, and YS populations were within the range of 0–0.36, and the average FST value was estimated to be 0.07±0.06. This result indicated some level of genetic segregation. An average LD (r2) for the BS, LR, and YS breeds was estimated to be approximately 0.41. This study also found an average Ne of 19.9 (BS), 31.4 (LR), and 34.1 (YS) over the last 5th generations. The effective population size for the BS, LR, and YS breeds decreased at a consistent rate from 50th to 10th generations ago. With a relatively faster Ne decline rate in the past 10th generations, there exists possible evidence for intensive selection practices in pigs in the recent past. Conclusion To develop customized chips for the genomic selection of various breeds, it is important to select and utilize SNP based on the genetic characteristics of each breed. Since the improvement efficiency of breed pigs increases sharply by the population size, it is important to increase test units for the improvement and it is desirable to establish the pig improvement network system to expand the unit of breed pig improvement through the genetic connection among breed pig farms.


In an examination of the Commonwealth Government's power to enact social welfare legislation, Professor Sackville explores the tendency toward federal control of this field since 1901 and the judicial reaction to it. His conclusion is that although certain of the restrictions imposed upon Commonwealth freedom of action by the High Court have been removed by constitutional amendment, the trend towards a wider concept of Commonwealth involvement in community welfare schemes may well exceed the present limits upon Commonwealth legislative competence; and he looks to the Constitutional Convention now in progress as the possible prelude to an era in which extension of these limits might more readily take place.


An edge-lit holographic optical element has been developed which produces a high contrast and high resolution fingerprint image. Continuing work on the development of a holographic optical element for use in a compact fingerprint imaging system is described. The hologram is combined with an electronic imaging array into a package only several millimeters thick, using no image transfer lens system. Previously reported results with green holograms are reviewed. New results are presented for red holograms illuminated by a laser diode. Design issues and experimental results are discussed, relating to selection of hologram operating wavelength, angular and wavelength sensitivity of the hologram, and image quality versus packaging volume tradeoffs.


Last year, for the fi rst time ever, I taught a course entitled "Japanese Popular Culture." Given the enormous and increasing interest in Japanese popular culture over the years, why had I waited so long? Quite simply, there were not enough serious books, I believed, to enable either myself or my students to take a genuinely scholarly approach to the subject. Fortunately, in the last two years or so, this situation has changed signifi cantly. In particular, the balance for me was tipped by: Pikachu's Global Adventure, edited by Joseph Tobin; Anne Allison's Millennial Monsters; and Ian Condry's HipHop Japan. All three books engage with the phenomenon of Japanese popular culture in a fashion that is rigorous and approachable enough to allow me to frame lectures and class discussions in a truly academic light. Allen's and Sakamoto's book Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan is a worthy addition to this group, although with some caveats. Unlike the works by Allison and Condry, this is not a single-author book and the contributions vary enormously in approach, methodology, and breadth. Furthermore, unlike Pikachu which, while multiauthored, had a single anchoring theme (the rise and fall of the Pokémon phenomenon), Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan, as its rather amorphous title suggests, covers a wide mixture of case studies, from the tastes in manga of fi rst-generation Asian immigrants in New Zealand to Okinawan popular music. It is likely, therefore, that certain chapters will appeal more or less, depending on the reader and the purpose of reading. That said, the work has many strengths. Most of the authors are from New Zealand, Australia, or Japan. They add a different dimension to what, even now, has been a largely American-dominated fi eld. As the editors suggest in their introduction, "[t]hrough these case studies it will become apparent that the notion of globalization as homogenization (and in particular as Americanization) is untenable" (p. 10). The book is divided into two sections. The fi rst, "Reconfi guring Japan," centers more or less on the construction of various aspects of Japanese culture outside Japan. I say "more or less" because the fi rst chapter by the reliably authoritative Koichi Iwabuchi on "Japanese Culture and Postcolonial Desire for 'Asia' " centers on transnational fl ows. The chapter is an exploration of the dynamics involved in exporting and importing cultural products between Japan and other Asian countries and, to some extent, between Japan and the West. One of the book's more theoretical chapters, it is particu-


The recent proposal of theories with compactified large extra dimensions is reviewed. We pay especial attention to brane world models with low tension where the only relevant degrees of freedom at low energies are the Standard Model (SM) particles and the branons, which are transversal brane oscillations. By using an effective Lagrangian, we study some phenomenological consequences of these scenarios in a model independent way.


This article reads the fantasy work of Laurence Yep as initiating a new genre, Asian American fantasy, which draws upon the beauties of each separate generic tradition while broadening their boundaries. Yep's fantasies unite the concerns and characteristics of Asian American literature with those of fantasy. He posits a way in which fantasy, a white-dominant genre, may move toward greater multiculturalism, even while he infuses elements of magic into Asian American literature. By so doing, he continues and melds the dynamic evolution of each genre.


The effect of stable scandium on the whole-body retention and tissue distribution of $sup 46$Sc (T/sub $sup 1$/$sub 2$ = 84 days) has been studied in the rat. In one group of animals high specific activity $sup 46$Sc was administered intravenously; in another group $sup 46$Sc with added stable scandium (0.5 mg/kg) was administered. The retention was followed for 333 days at which time the animals were killed and the distribution of the $sup 46$Sc in various tissues determined. In general, administration of stable scandium produced pronounced increases in tissue concentrations, particularly in liver, marrow, intestine, and brain. A least-squares analysis indicated that three exponential components were required to fit the whole-body retention data from both groups of animals. It was found that stable scandium has a pronounced effect on the long--term whole--body retention of $sup 46$Sc. The observed long- term biological half-times in rats for both $sup 46$Sc and $sup 46$Sc plus carrier were far in excess of that given in IRCP Publication 2, 1959, for $sup 46$Sc (30 days). (auth)


Abstract A group of second year students in a university of technology was asked to provide their perceptions of the main factors that contribute to their academic success and or failure. This exploratory study used the survey method to gather data from a convenient sample of the target population, which consisted of second year students offering Financial Management. This study undoubtedly has value because if the success and failure factors are identified and reconciled, students are likely to adjust their behaviour to produce positive outcomes. Beyond this, it must be acknowledged that entrepreneurship has been considered as one of the ways to boost the economy of any nation. Therefore, finding ways of attracting and retaining students on the program will improve access to entrepreneurship education as well as fast track economic development once graduates are able to add value to their respective communities.


Abstract The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to the external environment, which contains numerous non-self antigens, including food materials and commensal micro-organisms. For the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, the intestinal epithelial layer and mucosal immune system simultaneously provide the first line of defense against pathogens and are tightly regulated to prevent their induction of inflammatory responses to non-pathogenic antigens. Defects in mucosal homeostasis lead to the development of inflammatory and associated intestinal diseases, such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, food allergy and colorectal cancer. The recent discovery of novel dietary ω3 and ω6 lipid-derived metabolites—such as resolvin, protectin, maresin, 17,18-epoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid and microbe-dependent 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid—and their potent biologic effects on the regulation of inflammation have initiated a new era of nutritional immunology. In this review, we update our understanding of the role of lipid metabolites in intestinal inflammation.


Diarrhea is leading cause of death in infants. 60% of Pakistan's population lives in rural areas. It is therefore important to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of rural mothers of infants about diarrhea.


Eating disorders are serious illnesses with both physical and psychological symptoms. In the case of anorexia nervosa, the evidence suggests the earlier one identifies and treats the illness, the greater the chance of full recovery. In 2010 the New Zealand Ministry of Health provided funding to roll out the evidence based, Family Based Therapy (also known as Maudsley Family Based Therapy [MFBT]), treatment for anorexia nervosa, to specialist eating disorders services and clinicians in child and family services. The main focus of this chapter is the planning behind the implementation and sustainability processes, the evaluation, and the initial outcomes of the implementation of MFBT. Finally, lessons learned and recommendations from the implementation process will be outlined.


The book, while small in volume, is significant in viewpoint and contribution. Dean Sperry furnishes the first essay, which constitutes a comprehensive review of "Our Present Disunity." The problem of unity in Roman Catholicism is presented by John LaFarge, S. J. The situation which is now confronted in "protestantism" is analyzed by John T. McNeill professor Church History, Union Theological Seminary. The problem of disunity in Judaism is discussed by Louis Finkelstein, president, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. The nature and aims of "cultural humanism" are presented by the Hon. Archibald MacLeish, librarian of Congress and more recently Assistant Secretary of State.


A single subtype of heterotrimeric G protein–coupled receptor controls both nitric oxide (NO) (sensitive to l-arginine analogues) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) (sensitive to high-external K+ and apamine) production by the vascular endothelium leading to dilation. We hypothesized that α- and βγ-subunits of the G protein serve as distinct intermediates to produce NO and EDHF. In pressurized resistance arteries, selective pinocytotic endothelial incorporation of specific antibodies (Abs) directed against αq/11-subunits abolished acetylcholine (Ach)-mediated dilation but failed to influence oxymetazoline (Oxy, α2-adrenergic receptor agonist)-induced dilation. In contrast, αi1-2-subunit Abs prevented Oxy- but not Ach-induced dilation. Thus, as expected, endothelial muscarinic and α2-adrenoceptors couple to Gq protein and Gi proteins, respectively. β-subunit Abs reduced both Ach- and Oxy-induced dilation. The β-subunit Abs abolished the nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA)-sensitive component but di...


Southern armyworm and tomato pinworm are the principal lepidopteran pests of fresh market tomatoes in southwest Florida. This trial compared present standards with a new chemical class that could provide growers an additional option for controlling these pests. Greenhouse-raised tomato seedlings were planted at the Southwest Florida Research and Extension Center, Immokalee, FL on 6 Mar 2006 at 36-inch spacing on 3 raised beds 240 ft long on 6-ft centers, each covered with black polyethylene film. A seedling of Amaranthus viridis was placed between each tomato plant to serve as an attractant for SAW. Admire Pro (imidacloprid, 42.8%) was applied at 7 oz/acre as a drench in 50 ml of water at transplant to control whiteflies. Maintenance fungicides Kocide® @ 3 lb/acre, Manzate® 75DF @ 1.5 lb/acre, Tanos® 8 oz/acre and Gavel® @ 1.5 lb/acre were applied as needed. Plants were irrigated and fertilized using Netafim® drip tape with 12-inch spacing between emitters and sprayed. The treated beds were divided into plots 30 ft long to which 7 treatments (Table 1) were assigned in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied using a high clearance sprayer made from a raised John Deere® model 990 tractor fitted with a HyPro model 9910-D50 diaphragm pump (maximum flow 14 gpm) connected to two vertical booms operating at 200 psi. Each boom was fitted with 3 or 4 ceramic yellow Albuz® ATR hollow cone nozzles to deliver 60 or 80 gpa respectively, depending on plant height. Number of TPW larvae and feeding damage on 4 plants per plot was monitored weekly 5 times starting 31 Mar. Damage was rated as 0 = no damage, 1 = 1% leaflets with damage, 2 = 2 to 5%, 3 = 6 to 15%, 4 = 16 to 30% and 5 > 30%.


This paper presents the design of negative-resistance compensated microwave bandpass filters with optimized IMD and noise characteristics. For demonstration, measured performances of some experimental filters operating at 900 MHz are included.


Summary The spiritual dimension of religious education contains a problem which is both central to the subject yet difficult to resolve. It is: 'How can teachers help their pupils to understand what it is like to believe in a religious faith?' They may find it useful to note the common basis and structure underlying both religious and secular experiences. These suggest some pedagogical considerations.