The aim of this paper is to explore the sustainability choices of a group of investors relating to corporate environmental initiatives and disclosures given a case‐based scenario. Obtaining such an understanding is important because, as per signaling theory, investors' preferences for sustainable development initiatives and disclosures are one of the contributory factors in determining the quality of environmental disclosures. A web‐based survey of a group of investors was conducted. The questionnaire includes a hypothetical case‐based scenario presenting environmental versus economic consequences of pollution prevention initiatives for a small mining company. The findings indicate that a majority (52%) of the respondents failed to choose a dominant proenvironmental or profinancial strategy. The findings imply that making a decision about a sustainable initiative is complex and requires consideration of a range of contextual factors. The findings support the view that given the resource limitations of a small company, compliance with existing regulation is preferred by the investors over competitive advantage and reputation for undertaking prosustainability initiatives. Hence, one implication is that the regulators should examine tightening the current sustainability regulation status for small companies regarding their environmental policies and disclosures.


Local governments are enhancing their governance through various information communication technologies (ICTs). This article presents an exploratory case study of three municipalities within the United States, examining how each applies YouTube for communication. Using content analysis and selected statistical tests of mean difference, the authors analyzed the videos uploaded between January 2020 to August 2020. The three municipalities used YouTube to document policymaking, publicize programs and services, update critical information during times of crises, and, in some cases, create unique brand images. The average number of views per video were similar across the three YouTube channels. However, one of the municipalities received a statistically significant number of average likes per video, which spotlights its positive brand image. In conclusion, the authors suggest directions for future research and recommend practices for social media adaptation in government.


The present study aimed at the synthesis and in vitro as well as in silico evaluation of novel 5-(4-N-alkyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1-benzofuran-2-yl)-3-substituted phenyl propenone [3a-f] derivatives as antibacterial agents. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1HNMR and mass spectrometry. Finally, the newly synthesized derivatives were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activities and exhibited weak to moderate activity. N-alkyl piperazine benzofuran derivatives exhibited good activity while their corresponding chalcone derivatives showed enhanced antibacterial activity. In correlation to in vitro results, molecular docking study was performed on target protein GlcN-6-P synthase using Autodock 4.2. The in silico studies reveal that compounds have more binding affinity towards the receptor.


The establishment of the KPPU is to control the implementation of the Act. No. 5/1999 on Concerning the Ban on Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition in Indonesia. Various duties and authority of the KPPU contained in Article 35 and Article 36 of the Act. But in reality, KPPU does not have executorial rights so that the various decisions of the commission often could not be implemented. Therefore internally strengthening of institutional existence by way of amending the Law Commission is very appropriate to be used by the government and parliament agenda. Externally, stakeholder participation is something very urgent and that the KPPU's strategic optimally capable of performing their duties according to its motto: "Healthy competition Welfare of the people".


Do established donor and recipient clinical markers predict recipient clinical pregnancy and live birth rates (LBRs) in a vitrified oocyte donation programme?

 Recipient BMI and previous miscarriages predicted cumulative LBR. Likelihood of clinical pregnancy and LBR was higher in recipients of donors aged 23–29 than donors 18–22.

 The influence of age on ovarian reserve underlies the upper limit of 35 years for UK donors. However, recent evidence suggests that oocyte aneuploidy rates follow an inverse U-shaped curve in relation to a woman's age. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the impact of other donor-related factors including BMI, AMH, oocyte yield and prior reproductive history on recipient outcomes. Moreover, the effect of recipient age, BMI, and reproductive history on oocyte donation outcome remains unclear.

 Retrospective cohort study of 325 altruistic oocyte donors matched to a total of 511 recipients. Only first donations taking place between January 2017 and December 2019 were included.

 All oocyte donors were altruistic volunteers aged 18–35 with no prior infertility diagnosis. Donor and recipient screening for suitability and safety was carried out according to the Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority guidelines. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to identify donor, recipient and embryology parameters predictive of recipient primary outcomes defined as clinical pregnancy and live birth, either cumulative or after the first embryo transfer (ET).

 A total of 705 fresh and frozen/thawed ETs were performed, of which 76% were elective single embryo transfers (eSETs) of blastocysts (96.5%), resulting in a cumulative clinical pregnancy and LBR of 83.5% and 70.5% respectively after 3 ETs. Recipient BMI and previous miscarriages were predictors of cumulative LBR (p < 0.05). The ratio of transferrable embryos per oocytes received/fertilised and the number of ETs needed to achieve the intended primary outcome were predictors of cumulative clinical pregnancy and LBR (p < 0.05). Donor age 18–22 was associated with lower incidence of recipient clinical pregnancy and live birth after the first ET, as compared to donor age 23–29 (p < 0.05).

 The present study included only healthy oocyte donors, thus conclusions may not apply to subfertile or less healthy women. Male factors were not accounted for.
 Wider implications of the findings: We demonstrate the efficacy of vitrified oocyte donation treatment and identify recipient BMI, previous miscarriages and embryology parameters as predictors of cumulative LBR. Additionally, the choice of donors aged 18–22 instead of older donors is found not to be advantageous for increasing the chance of clinical pregnancy and live birth.

 Not applicable


Frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant " 0 and dielectric loss" 00 in pure polyester resin and polymer composites with various types of glass ber are studied in the frequency range 330 Hz{ 3 MHz and in the temperature range 25{150C. The experimental results show that " 0 and " 00 increased with the addition of glass ber in polyester resin. The value of " 0 decreased with increasing frequency, which indicates that the major contribution to the polarization comes from orientation polarization. Dielectric loss peaks were also observed in the composite materials at high temperature due to Tg of polyester. The value of " 0 increased with increasing temperature, and is due to greater freedom of movement of the dipole molecular chains within the polyester at high temperature.


Simple Summary This review is focused on the role of oxidative stress in childhood asthma. The term "oxidative stress" indicates an imbalance between production of radical oxygen species and antioxidant defense systems. Cigarette smoke, allergens, viruses, and other environmental contaminants, as well as a detrimental lifestyle, elevate airway oxidative stress. Uncontrolled oxidative stress within airways amplifies inflammatory responses and tissue damage and alters immune responses, thus increasing the risk of asthma onset and asthma progression in children. Early lifestyle and dietary interventions and use of new antioxidant therapies to restore oxidant/antioxidant balance are all valuable strategies to preserve airway homeostasis. Abstract Exposure to cigarette smoke, allergens, viruses, and other environmental contaminants, as well as a detrimental lifestyle, are the main factors supporting elevated levels of airway oxidative stress. Elevated oxidative stress results from an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and efficiency in antioxidant defense systems. Uncontrolled increased oxidative stress amplifies inflammatory processes and tissue damage and alters innate and adaptive immunity, thus compromising airway homeostasis. Oxidative stress events reduce responsiveness to corticosteroids. These events can increase risk of asthma into adolescence and prompt evolution of asthma toward its most severe forms. Development of new therapies aimed to restore oxidant/antioxidant balance and active interventions aimed to improve physical activity and quality/quantity of food are all necessary strategies to prevent asthma onset and avoid in asthmatics evolution toward severe forms of the disease.


ABSTRACT This research article will discuss the manner in which multi-modal narratology anchors ecological consciousness in Indian literary and visual practices with special reference to Amruta Patil and Devdutt Pattanaik's Aranyaka: Book of the Forest. After mapping the different visual-verbal narrative technique and its implications in representing ecological concerns, the paper will show how Aranyaka triggers the 'ecological thought' of human and non-human entanglement in aranya, the 'contact zone' of multispecies. It further aims to reveal how the 'transmedial' narrative with its two tracks of narratology, involving image-narrative on one hand and word-narrative on the other, revives the life of aranya before the post-millennial city dwellers who are increasingly being removed from 'ecological awareness' in their highly mechanised world. The sketches accompanied by word bubbles render tactility to the entire narrative and bring together two apparently disparate entities, the human and the non-human, in the network of narratology.


Dr Mei Ikenori 1 Dr Nobuyuki Yotani Dr Masaki Yamada Dr Ken-Ichi Imadome Dr Isao Miyairi Dr Akira Ishiguro Departments of Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, General Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Medicine, Advanced Medicine for Virus Infections, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan email@example.com Accepted for publication 6 September 2020.


Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) is a downstream component of the evolutionarily conserved mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐signaling pathway, which controls the expression of a plethora of genes implicated in various physiological processes. This pathway is often hyper‐activated by mutations or abnormal extracellular signaling in different types of human cancer, including the most common primary malignant bone tumor osteosarcomas. p16INK4A is an important tumor suppressor gene frequently lost in osteosarcomas, and is associated with the progression of these malignancies. We have shown, here, that the ERK1/2 protein kinase is also activated by p16INK4A down‐regulation in osteosarcoma cells and normal human as well as mouse cells. This inhibitory effect is associated with the suppression of the upstream kinase MEK1/2, and is mediated via the repression of miR‐21‐5p and the consequent up‐regulation of the MEK/ERK antagonist SPRY2 in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, we have shown that p16INK4 inhibits the migration/invasion abilities of these cells through miR‐21‐5p‐dependent inhibition of ERK1/2. In addition, we present clear evidence that p16INK4 represses the paracrine pro‐migratory effect of osteosarcoma cells on stromal fibroblasts through the inhibition of the TGF‐β1 expression/secretion. This effect is also ERK1/2‐dependent, indicating that in addition to their cell‐autonomous actions, p16INK4 and ERK1/2 have also non‐cell‐autonomous cancer‐related functions. Together, these results indicate that the tumor suppressor p16INK4 protein represses the carcinogenic process of osteosarcoma cells not only as a cell cycle regulator, but also as a negative regulator of pro‐carcinogenic/‐metastatic pathways. This indicates that targeting the ERK pathway is of utmost therapeutic value. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This paper investigates the extent to which public resources, allocated for addressing the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, were misappropriated despite the dire need to combat the effect of the pandemic in Uganda. Using a qualitative approach, it employs a multipronged technique to analyse relevant documentation such as newspaper reports, audit reports, case studies and written sources to examine the different responses and perspectives. Inevitably, the novel coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on Uganda's economy with unprecedented levels of deterioration in socio-economic systems like healthcare, education, poverty and hunger. However, widespread concerns have emerged citing trends of corruption exemplified by embezzlement and fraudulent practices purportedly orchestrated by relevant government authorities in the form of undermining public procurement processes, under the guise of addressing an emergency.


Monitoring the performance of the transportation system and the impacts of individual actions is the key to an effective TSM planning process. This has been recognized by most TSM planners, and a wide range of monitoring processes have been established. An monitoring program should be designed to provide the information needed to make decisions about specific projects and also should rely, to the extent possible, on the existing capabilities of agencies within the metropolitan area. A large number of the TSM projects planned, designed, and implemented each year need not be the concern of a TSM monitoring program or of an MPO involvmeent. Aggregate information on system performance, however, which includes the summed impacts of all the individual projects, should be forwarded to the MPO. However, projects that are regionally significant should be monitored closely by both the MPO and the operating agencies, so that modifications can be made during initial implementation to improve service performance and evaluations can be conducted to determine the feasibility of this type of project in the metropolitan area. In summary, then, the TSM monitoring program for a metropolitan area should have the following characteristics: 1. Those TSM actions that have been the responsibility of operating agencies in the past and have no significant impact on the regional transportation system will be monitored only to the extent that the operating agencies need additional information to make decisions about future project implementation. 2. Regional projects and those that do not fall naturally under the purview of one agency will be monitored in a cooperative manner by the MPO and the relevant operating agencies. The evaluation of these projects will include MOEs that relate closely to the stated TSM goals and objectives and will thus serve as a basis of comparison between TSM projects. 3. System performance indicators, on a regionwide basis, will be used to monitor the performance of the transportation network and identify trends in travel behvior. This monitoring activity will be part of the on-going transportation planning process for the metropolitan area. Efforts to relate TSM program effectiveness with system performance must be carefully designed so that causal relationships can be clearly established. 4. When appropriate, corridor-based monitoring systems will be used in those corridors where TSM actions are being implemented. The results of this monitoring will be used by MPO staff to determine which TSM goals and objectives are being addressed. This implies that a standard set of measures will be used in all TSM evaluations in each metropolitan area. (Author)


It has been argued that the Australian government prefers an entity tax approach for business forms providing member(s) with limited liability and separate entity status. This contrasts a number of foreign jurisdictions that have provided tax transparency to such business forms ('tax transparent companies'), with income and/or losses directly allocated to members for tax purposes. Examples of foreign tax transparent companies include S Corporations and Limited Liability Companies in the United States, Limited Liability Partnerships in the United Kingdom; and Loss Attributing Qualifying Companies and new limited partnerships in New Zealand. A reason for the Australian government's preference is that unfettered access to tax losses by limited members could distort investments. Nevertheless, recently the Australian government provided restricted tax transparency for Incorporated Limited Partnerships used for venture capital investments ('venture capital ILPs') and controlled foreign hybrid companies ('CFC hybrids'). To address distortion concerns there are restrictions applying to allocated losses through these Australian transparent companies. However, are these restrictions adequate? This article considers whether the loss restriction rules applying to venture capital ILPs and CFC hybrids are adequate by comparing them to rules utilised in foreign jurisdictions with a history of transparent companies. This article will conclude by considering whether sufficient 'losses are lost' to justify broadening the availability of tax transparency in Australia.


The effect of five vegetable extracts on the activity of polygalacturonase was studied. The results obtained show that while radish, green pepper and leek extracts exhibit no effect, both garlic and onion extracts markedly inhibit the activity of the enzyme. This inhibition increases with the increase in the concentration of the vegetable extract. Garlic has a more pronounced effect than onion. Data also indicate that there is no change in the enzyme inhibition if the garlic is extracted with water or buffer.


Currently, distributed generation (DG) units usually do not participate in the primary grid voltage control and inject power regardless. Only when the grid voltage level surpasses a certain threshold, these units shut down to avoid any overvoltage problems. In this paper, a method is developed to control the grid voltage by wind turbines. This way, the grid voltage level improves, and the wind turbine can still generate power under suboptimal grid voltage conditions. The effect on the grid voltage depends on the grid impedance ratio R/X. In this paper, the effectiveness of the grid voltage control is improved by estimating the grid impedance ratio in real-time to inject active and reactive power accordingly. The method is applied to wind turbines, but can be used for other DG units as well.


A computer program for unambiguous and consistent indexing of a series of single-crystal diffraction patterns is discussed which allows determination of the unit triangle and therefore tilting of the specimen into any special orientation even if no Kikuchi patterns can be observed.


In the writer's opinion,the competition among enterprises is the one of talents,so an enterˉprise as well as its policymakers should handle the four important relations well,create a good external environment and impel the growth of young people.


Traditional models of palliative care are largely inaccessible to homeless persons, and their preferences regarding end-of-life care are poorly understood. The purpose of the present scoping review is to summarize the burgeoning gray and academic literature on end-of-life care for homeless persons. Five medical databases, seven social science databases, and four gray literature databases were searched, resulting in 57 relevant titles. Six themes emerged: (a) Characteristics of homeless persons who require end-of-life care; (b) preferences and concerns of homeless persons approaching the end of life; (c) the role of spirituality for homeless persons at the end of life; (d) barriers to care at the patient, provider, and institutional or structural levels; (e) inclusive models of palliative care; and (f) implications for policy and practice. Practitioners and homeless persons must negotiate many obstacles in the provision and receipt of palliative care. However, there is tremendous potential and opportunity to improve the quality of life at the end of life for this vulnerable population.


A total of 60 patients (76 knees) suffering from either osteoarthritis (40 patients, 48 knees) or rheumatoid arthritis (20 patients, 28 knees) underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without patellar resurfacing. The average follow-up period was 4.3 years. The alignments of the patellofemoral joint (P-F) were measured by the skyline view and the Qangles. Parapatellar pains after operation were more present in RA cases than in OA cases. This suggests that the pain was independent of the P-F alignment in RA cases, and therefore that patellar resurfacing must particularly be done in RA cases. The Q-angle is correlated with the tilting angle and the lateral shift. By measuring the Q-angle during the operation through taking a X-ray (antero-posterior view) on marking the center of the patella and the tibial key words: total knee arthroplasty, patellofemoral joint, Q-angle, follow up study


This paper offers an ambiguity-based interpretation of the variance premium — the difference between risk-neutral and objective expectations of market return variance — as a compounding effect of both belief distortion and variance differential regarding the uncertain economic regimes. Our calibrated model can match the variance premium, the equity premium, and the risk-free rate in the data. We find that about 97% of the mean–variance premium can be attributed to ambiguity aversion. A three-way separation among ambiguity aversion, risk aversion, and intertemporal substitution, permitted by the smooth ambiguity preferences, plays a key role in our model's quantitative performance.


With Chinese junior middle school students as the subjects,this study attempts to explore differential effects of explicit /implicit enhancement and learner proficiency on L2 vocabulary and relative clause acquisition.The study results are as follows:(1) implicit enhancement has positive effects on productive vocabulary acquisition,while explicit enhancement has effects on receptive vocabulary and relative clause acquisition;(2) learners with higher English proficiency benefit more from enhancement,especially in implicit acquisition of productive vocabulary.In general,the effects of awareness enhancement are integrated effects of such factors as attentional demand of linguistic forms and their different knowledge levels,cognitive procedures of awareness enhancement,task demand,learners' interlanguage,etc.


«On the average exact» asymptotic decision of a task on current of a liquid in the well which is taking into account changes of section of a flow is constructed. There are given results of accounts of transitive temperature fields in a zone of varied section which can be used at revealing intervals of behind-the-casing current of water on the basis of measurement of temperature in a well


Established with the goal of helping pharmacy residents meet and gain insight from established leaders in health-system pharmacy, the Visiting Leaders Program (VLP) presents an opportunity that all residency programs should explore.[1][1] The program is sponsored through the ASHP Research and


Welcome to BigDIA 2022, the 8th International Conference on Big Data and Information Analytics, in Guiyang, China, during August 24-25, 2022. It's our great honor to chair the program committee of BigDIA 2022. The most exciting aspect of being program chairs is working with all the brilliant program committee and review committee members, and the chances of stimulating innovative ideas among scientists, researchers and practitioners in the field of Big Data and Information Analytics, and across.


During the execution of a given software development process, the corresponding software system can generate diverse types of defects. The process of fixing these defects occurs throughout the software development process. Generally, the process of defect fixation often creates new defects in software systems. Hence, previous "good" fixes can become current "bad" ones. In software projects, the number of defects can be considerably large, and defect management can become even more challenging when the development projects are large in size. Often in such projects, defects become latent defects and fixes become delinquent fixes. Moreover, bad fixes may cause the injection of new defects in the software. To enhance the availability, reliability and quality of software systems, it is important for software producers to increase the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of the defect fixation process. In this paper, we have introduced a software maintenance metric called Defect Fixation Efficiency (abbreviated as DFE) to quantitatively measure the effectiveness of a defect fixation process. We have also made an effort to determine the relationship of the DFE metric with delinquent fixes, customer satisfaction and the maintenance phase. This relationship implies that an effective and efficient fixation of defects leads to the injection of fewer defects in the software, and to an increased satisfaction of the customers. Finally we have devised a "2 × 2" matrix that acts as an indicator of software quality and of the quality of the execution of the software development process.


In this paper, we analyze the effect of different degrees of node cooperation on the performance of routing protocols for cognitive radio networks. We first present an analytical model of the routing performance in terms of expected end-to-end packet delivery ratio (PDR) for cognitive radio networks with uncooperative node behaviors. We also performed extensive simulations to evaluate the analytical model. The simulation results show that Optimal PrimaryAware Route Quality Protocol (OPERA) could provide better PDR performance under higher degrees of network cooperation and Shortest Path First routing protocol (SPF) works better under lower cooperation degrees. Finally, our results suggest that even a modest level of node cooperation is sufficient to achieve significant performance improvement with respect to the fully non-cooperative network in which all secondary users are selfish. Keywordsnode selfishness; cognitive radio; routing.


The emerging Internet of Things technologies enable enterprises to collect a variety of real-time data from the physical world, making a case for accessing, combining, interpreting, and distributing such data in real-time too. Enterprise Information Integration (EII) aims at providing tools for integrating data from multiple sources without having to first load all the data into a central warehouse, and, in so, for accessing live data. In this paper, we introduce a practical semantic EII solution, which, in addition to addressing the data virtualization and federation problems of EII, also provides data abstraction and data pipeline capabilities. This solution has been implemented as a software platform as well as applied in an operational enterprise system in the parking domain.


Measurement of liquid crystal electrooptic characteristics with improved accuracy and greatly reduced setup time is facilitated by a simple circuit, comprising a CMOS bilateral switch and calibrated high voltage operational amplifier. This circuit generates a swept‐amplitude square wave having no damaging dc component by chopping a ramp used to drive the recorder x axis.


Extended truck idling is a very large source of fuel wastage, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollutant emissions. The focus of this research was on assessing the effectiveness of truck stop electrification (TSE) as a strategy to reduce these negative effects and to produce prediction methodologies to develop these assessments. Before and after surveys were performed at three TSE sites that were implemented by IdleAire Technologies Corporation under contract by the Texas Transportation Institute. The study focused on occupancy rates (percentage of the lot occupied), idling rate (percentage of trucks idling) and TSE utilization rate (percentage of TSE spaces utilized). Based on observed before and after TSE implementation data, it was found that the percentage improvements in fuel consumption, greenhouse gases, and pollutant emissions range from just over 5 percent to almost 44 percent for the three truck stops. Prediction models were developed based variables such as time of the day and temperature to predict occupancy rates, idling rates, and TSE utilization rates. These models predicted similar improvements due to TSE implementation (7 percent to 59 percent). It was shown that a truck stop with TSE can reduce daily fuel consumption by 167 gallons, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 24.5 kg, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2.1 tons. The paper provides both observed and modeled results to substantiate these findings and to serve as basis for estimation of other TSE implementations.


Certainly, the operating errors of a given model can be assuaged by proper selection of its working parameters and distinctly identifying the most critical for optimization. To achieve this objective, sensitivity analysis is introduced to the system to show relevant strengths and avoidable lapses. For this study, the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) sensitivity analysis technique is employed to the model to disclose the input parameters in form of guard categories that is most significant in optimizing the machine guard compliance productivity for a particular period. The result of the experiment reflected fixed guards as the most significant guard category by which machine guard compliance productivity for the bottling plant can be optimized.


As genetic algorithms (GAs) have high robustness in finding the global optimum of functions with multi-extremum no matter what the starting points are, yet the traditional search methods are easy to be trapped into the local optima if the initial points are not good enough. GAs are applied to extracting model parameters of semiconductor devices in this paper. After addressing the main concept of GAs and their superiority to traditional optimization algorithms, some advanced strategies and knowledge-based techniques are proposed to improve the global convergence and efficiency of solving the problem of the model parameter extraction (MPE). As it proves that the DC model parameters of bipolar junction transistors (BJT) can be successfully extracted by the GA-base algorithms, the methodologies proposed in this paper may be extended to MPE problems of other IC devices.


A partition of a positive integer $n$ is defined as a non-increasing sequence $P = [y_0, y_1, ..., y_m]$ of positive integers which sum to $n$, where the $y_i$ are called the $parts$ of the partition. A Young diagram is a visual representation of a partition using rows of boxes, where each row of boxes corresponds to a part. The conjugate partition is similar to a transpose of a matrix; we switch the rows with columns, or the index of a part with the part itself. Self-conjugate partitions are partitions that are equal to their conjugate; previously, the only known way to verify whether a partition is self-conjugate was through the use of a Young diagram. In this research, by proving preliminary lemmas and theorems about easily identifiable shapes which are symmetric, we come to the main result: by simply adding the multiplicities of parts appropriately, we can show whether or not a partition is self-conjugate without the use of a Young diagram.


Introduction This trial was conducted to test the effects of a spray containing benzocaine and cetalkonium chloride on postoperative adult tonsillectomy patients, with regard to the relief of pain, ease of chewing ami swallowing relief of referred otalgia, diminution of pa~ilOlogical bacterial flora in the oropharynx, and convalescence in general. Chemically, benzocaine is an ester of paraaminobenzoic acid, which lacks the terminal secondary or tertiary amino groups. It is a synthetic local anaesthetic of low solubility; thus it is too slowly absorbed to be toxic. It can be applied to delicate mucous membranes, wounds and ulcerated surfaces. It remains localized for long periods of time and this accounts for the sustained anaesthetic action. It is comparatively nonirritant and nontoxic. If used in higher concentrations, sensitization may result. Cetalkonium is a quaternary ammonium compound, soluble in cold water, and has a mild bactericidal action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The trial was conducted as a double-blind one under the accepted conditions. Patients included in the series were young adults, average age 23 years, and ranging from 18 to 39 years. Permission to test the spray was sought and granted by patients prior to its administration. The operation was performed by seven different surgeons of varying experience, but the technique in all cases was tonsillectomy by dissection.


Quasi-static and dynamic strain sensing is performed by means of a fibre Bragg-grating resonator based on an optical-frequency-comb stabilised laser. The comb synthesizer, centred around 1560 nm, is a fs-pulsed fibre laser, which is phase-locked to an ultra-stable quartz oscillator, serving as an optical reference to minimise laser-frequency and phase noise both in the long and short-term operation. Detection limits in the order of a few pεRMS/√Hz, in the Hz and sub-Hz range, are demonstrated, while a sub- pε sensitivity is expected at higher frequencies in the acoustic range.


This poster presents findings from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) in New Orleans. These data outline relevant high-risk behaviors among Injection Drug Users (IDU). Risk behaviors and demographic profiles are contrasted for three consecutive representative samples over time. These data can aid in tailoring activities to meet the needs of IDU in New Orleans engaging in high-risk behaviors. Furthermore, these results may inform and direct prevention programs in order to better structure outreach and educational materials.


Hydrochromic materials that change their luminescence color upon exposure to moisture have attracted considerable attention owing to their applications in sensing and information encryption. However, the existing materials lack high hydrochromic response and color tunability. This study reports the development of a new and bright 0D Cs3GdCl6 metal halide as the host for hydrochromic photon upconversion in the form of polycrystals (PCs) and nanocrystals. Lanthanides co‐doped cesium gadolinium chloride metal halides exhibit upconversion luminescence (UCL) in the visible–infrared region upon 980 nm laser excitation. In particular, PCs co‐doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ exhibit hydrochromic UCL color change from green to red. These hydrochromic properties are quantitatively confirmed through the sensitive detection of water in tetrahydrofuran solvent via UCL color changes. This water‐sensing probe exhibits excellent repeatability and is particularly suitable for real‐time and long‐term water monitoring. Furthermore, the hydrochromic UCL property is exploited for stimuli‐responsive information encryption via cyphertexts. These findings will pave the way for the development of new hydrochromic upconverting materials for emerging applications, such as noncontact sensors, anti‐counterfeiting, and information encryption.


Calcium aluminosilicate hydrate has attracted significant interests, because of its low carbon footprint, while basic questions persist concerning its molecular-level properties. In this work, the material chemistry of C-A-S-H is systematically investigated, and its micro-structure at atomic scale is reexamined based on first-principles modeling and simulation. We find that the cross-link between interlayers is crucial for mechanical strengths, which is responsible for ∼36.2% enhancement of the bulk modulus and ∼10.0% of shear modulus. Anomalous C-A-S-H exhibits zeolitic features with interatomic Al–O–Si bonding. With the reversible structural transformation and other physical incentives, C-A-S-H can be categorized into soft porous crystals. Aluminum substitution induces interfacial strengthening in calcium silicate hydrates by raising tensile and compressive strength by ∼76.1 and ∼16.9%, respectively. Uncovering these reinforcement mechanisms, including the interlayer strengthening, provides theoretical underpinnings for future design for green cement with ultrahigh performance.


In the article the problems created by the crisis in Catalonia are considered. The author focuses on an unprecedented wave of the russophobia that has captured a part of the political class of Spain which destroys the basis of the Russian-Spanish relations. At the same time, as it is noted in article, Spain and its people endure today an important period of self-identification in new conditions which can be completed successfully in case of avoiding the division of Catalans into winners and losers.


Objective To explore the invasive signs on MRI of invasive pituitary adenomas(IPA). Methods A total of 48 patients with giant pituitary adenoma diagnosed by MRI were analyzed, in which, 42 cases were confirmed by surgery. Results The appearance of the tumor was iso-intense on T1 WI, iso-intense or high-intense on T2 WI, and homogeneously or heterogeneously enhanced after Gd-DTPA injection. MRI findings of invasiveness included encasement of internal carotid artery, invasion of the sella turcica and adjacent bones, involvement of sphenoid sinus and cavernous sinus. 19 cases with grade-4 invasion and 8 cases with grade-3 invasion on MRI were confirmed involvement of cavernous sinus and encasement of internal carotid artery wholly or partly by surgery. Conclusion MRI results have good consistency with the operation. MRI is helpful in evaluating the invasion of pituitary adenomas before operation, which is of great clinical significance for the management of the disease.


This paper presents the GeoSphereSearch engine for contextaware geographic queries on the Web. It facilitates the formulation of geographic queries and the visual presentation of discrete or aggregated query results in an intuitive manner. In contrast to other approaches it does not assign geographic footprints to documents, but considers context-aware geographic information on the fly, allowing a fine-grained query evaluation on the level of document fragments, not complete documents.


Background: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an illicit drug causing unconsciousness and respiratory depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and treatment in patients admitted to the University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL). Methods: In this study we included all retrospectively reviewed cases of GHB-poisoning admitted to the UMCL between 2000 and 2014. We collected all the data regarding the overdose circumstances, clinical presentation, treatment and toxicological analysis of blood and urine. Results: In the previous 15 years a total of 74 patients were admitted to the UMCL due to GHB-poisoning. The first case of GHB-poisoning was observed in 2002 and the numbers have largely increased since 2012. 86% of all the patients ingested the drug intentionally, 82% were male and the median age of admitted patients was 27 years. We recorded 6 mass GHB-poisonings in which 2-4 patients were admitted simultaneously. The most common presenting symptom of GHB-poisoning was diminished level of consciousness (95%), with 53% being unresponsive to pain. Vomiting (30%), bradycardia (28%), hypotension (26%), hypoventilation with respiratory insufficiency (19%) and agittation upon awakening (31%) were common as well. Concomitant alcohol and illicit drug use was recorded in 61% of cases. 80% of all the patients were treated symptomatically, 14% were mechanically ventilated. Conclusions: The incidence of GHB-poisoning has increased in recent years. GHB-poisoned patients are predominantly male, often admitted in groups, who ingest the drug intentionally at parties during weekends. The most common presenting symptom of GHB-poisoning is unconsciousness. Treatment is symptomatic.


The necessity and efficiency of cartels resistance are specified not only by their external economics but also by their internal economics, especially by the mechanisms that ensure the contract adherence and the adjustment of parties to new conditions. It was shown that proper cartel identification is either important or complex problem. Its solution requires application of modern economic theory tools to decrease the probability of law enforcement errors. Cartels could be expressed in terms of hybrid institutional agreements and corresponding incomplete contracts. Simplified approach to the qualification of the horizontal connections between competitors in the form of cartels leads to significant risk of the type I errors, and hence negative effect on competition, on the probability of efficient agreements creation and on the companies' abilities to look for the competitive advantages for price formation. The possible sources of the type I error are the following: the law standards of agreements qualification, standardized arguments for the determination of the antitrust law infringements and the degree of the offenders' guilt; the particularities of the administrative system that works "by complains", the discussion of the criminal law out of the pocket of connected changes ("the forth antitrust pocket"). As far as the leniency programs accompany cartels resistance, it was shown how the chosen version of the leniency program (corporate and individual) could decrease the efficiency of the market cartelization deterrence, including the managers' incentives setting and the deterioration of competition conditions.


Strauss believed that modernity has peaked after three waves. The third modernity wave started from Nietzsche and peaked at Heidegger. As the top of modernity, there are four characteristics of the third wave: historical concept of Radical Historicism, existential experience of pessimism, ethical ideas of Vitalism, Fascism ethical inception. They have composed of the deepest crisis of modernity.


To determine the potential effectiveness of no-take reserves in sustaining fisheries for American lobster (Homarus americanus), lobster movement and survival were quantified both within and outside of two no-take reserves in Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland, during 1997–1999. Most (58.7%) tagged lobsters were recaptured in the immediate vicinity of their original capture location. Among lobsters that moved, 77.1% traveled less than 1000 m. Lobster movement resulted in some exchange between no-take reserves and nearby harvested areas (8.7% of lobsters recaptured were in an area different from their location of tagging). Overall, little evidence was found for a relationship between lobster movement and sex, size, or time at large. Annual harvesting mortality accounted for up to 71.9% for lobsters eligible for harvest. However, many more lobsters tagged outside of no-take reserves were harvested (11.5–71.9%) than those tagged in no-take reserves (0.0–18.5%), a result of low frequency of movement between these are...


The purpose of this study is to assess the importance of toolbox talk in enhancing safety culture in port sectors by which the roles is through with fewer the hazards and to boost communication skills among the staff. The toolbox talk not meant for safety issues related talk, we can talk for the best processes of completing a particular job with in the less downtime, and within the available resources. It provides the motivational factors among the workers by taking consideration among their views for ongoing job for any changes require if any for system betterment, by which their moral boosters for recognizing them and involving in the organizational work flow issues. The toolbox talk always emphasis the need to understand that there family members are waiting for return to home from work place hence creating their own safety ownership for more extra care required at work place area. Toolbox talk's mock drill training programs safe guarding themselves under abnormal conditions of unexpected environmental changes or chemical blasts in the surrounding environment.


Performance monitoring based on available SCADA data is a cost effective approach for condition monitoring of a wind turbine. Performance is conventionally assessed in terms of the wind turbine power curve that represents the relationship between the generated power and hub height wind speed. Power curves also play a vital role in energy assessment, and performance and warranty formulations. It is considered a most important curve for analyzing turbine performance and also helps in fault detection. Conventional power curves as defined in the IEC Standard take considerable time to establish and are far too slow to be used directly for condition monitoring purposes. To help deal with this issue the Gaussian process (GP) concept is introduced. A Gaussian process (GP) is a nonlinear machine learning technique useful in interpolation, forecasting and prediction. The accuracy of fault identification based on a GP model, depends on its error distribution function. A QQ plot is a useful tool to analyze how well given data follows a specific distribution function. The objective of this paper is to apply QQ plots in the assessment of the error distribution function for a GP model. The paper will outline the advantages and limitations of the QQ plot approach.


Many aspects of housing affect public health, e.g. location, structural and safety features, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of air, water, materials. As residents spend about 70% of their time in a residence, the design and features of homes can reduce exposure to pollutants, allergens, and injuries. Poor indoor air quality, for example, contributes to cardiovascular disease and asthma. Respiratory allergens and irritants affect the development and severity of asthma, one of the most expensive medical conditions. It has been estimated that $1$4 billion annual savings or productivity gains could be realized from reduced cases of allergens and asthma.


The simple bargaining mode presented here analyses the effect of a predetermined level of debt repayment commitments on the wage bargaining process between a firm and its workforce. Even if the bargaining process between a firm and its workforce. Even if the bargaining structure is basically derived from Rubinstein (1982), the presence of debt's interests maturing over time is shown to imply finiteness in the bargaining horizon. The main consequence is that, in contrast with Rubinstein (1982), the parties' outside options always enter the perfect equilibrium payoffs, justifying their presence in the econometric specifications.


The aim of this research was determine the morphological properties of wood fiber and the chemical composition of wood of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and the suitability of these properties for pulping. Eighteen naturally grown sample were collected from north Cyprus at different altitudes. Taken discs were divided into groups twenty each ages from pith to bark. Fiber dimensions were measured and the felting rate, elasticity coefficient, rigidity coefficient, Runkel classification, Muhlstep classification and F ratio were calculated from the wood fiber morphological properties and the effects of these properties on pulp strength properties were investigated. Chemical composition has also determined. Consequently it was found that the all Calabrian pine samples from different altitudes were quite suitable for pulping.
Keywords: Calabrian pine, Fiber morphology, Chemical composition


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine former Brazilian high-performance volleyball athletes' perspectives on life skills learning and transfer through their experiences in sport. This qualitative study involved a narrative approach through composite vignettes. The creation of the composite vignettes included the most relevant life events and participants' perspectives through their accounts of the experience transformed in one unique voice. Participants were five former Brazilian high-performance volleyball athletes. Data were collected through rappaport timeline and semi-structured interviews. Findings showed athletes were able to learn and transfer life skills throughout their careers and later in life through an implicit approach to life skills development and transfer. The trials and tribulations of high-performance sport were, in these cases, used as life lessons that transformed into life skills used in athletes' lives beyond sport. Moving forward, more research is needed to understand the high-performance sport's role in life skills transfer and its implication for athletes' development across socio-cultural contexts.


Hiroshima University Monozukuri Junior Doctor is a special educational program for young (11 - 15 in age) students. It had to be stopped, however, at the midst because of COVID-19 epidemic. We changed it to homework based one. Modified "Mini Windmill Generator Kit" were sent to them with a manual of "Procedure of quantitative research" for self-learning. The result shows that several specific tendencies when the data summarized statistically, although the data collected with different places with different conditions.


In this paper, we first establish a criteria for finite fractal
dimensionality of a family of compact subsets of a Hilbert space,
and apply it to obtain an upper bound of fractal dimension of
compact kernel sections to first order non-autonomous lattice
systems. Then we consider the upper semicontinuity of kernel
sections of general first order non-autonomous lattice systems and
give an application.


The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of heavy metals in two freshwater decapods and to evaluate the toxicity and human health risks through the consumption of these freshwater decapods. Nine (9) heavy metals were investigated in accordance with standard procedures and analyzed monthly from March 2015-August 2016 in the studied decapods. The results of the heavy metal concentrations in the prawn and crab varied in this rank; Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni = V for prawn and Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni = V for shrimp. The results of the human health risk assessments revealed high values of Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) for the target hazard quotient (THQ) and estimated daily intake (EDI) as well as high values of Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) for the health risk impact (HRI). All most all the values obtained were above allowable limits in prawn and crab respectively. Strict environmental laws should be reinforced and compliance should be adhered to in order to protect humans from consuming freshwater decapods sourced from various points.


Objective To study the possibility that the double dentition removable dentures were used to improve the clinical effects in abnormal occlusion patients that couldn't be treated by orthodontics or the maxillfacial surgery method for several reasons. Methods We made the double dentition removable dentures for the patients and had the following-up studies.Results Through 2~5-years following-up, the effects those restare the facial deforming and improve the masfacatory functions were observed by clinical metuhods.Conclusion It was perfect effects in clinic to use the double dentition removable dentures, which could progress the esthetics and functions in abnormal occlusion patients, and it is not difficult to do.


Films are usually annealed to ameliorate their structure and improve mechanical properties in need of inertial confinement fusion(ICF) and equation of state(EOS) experiment and procedure of target assembly.Ni films with surface root mean square roughness less than 50 nm,7 μm thick were fabricated after process annealing at 450~700 ℃.The metallographs of Ni films show that the stripped grains have been changed in to equiaxed grains after annealing at 500 ℃ for 1 h.The hardness of Ni film has changed from 4 GPa to 2.3 GPa after annealing.The X-ray diffraction spectra of Ni fims show that diffraction peak at high angle appears after annealing at temperature higher than 500 ℃,which means the texture has been moderated to some extent,and the suitable temperature for Ni film annealing is 520 ℃.


La2Ni7 is an intermetallic compound that is thought to have itinerant magnetism with a small moment ordering below 65 K. A recent study of single crystal samples by Ribeiro et. al. [Phys. Rev. B 105, 014412 (2022)] determined detailed anisotropic H-T phase diagrams and revealed three zero-field magnetic phase transitions at T1 ~ 61.0 K, T2 ~ 56.5K, and T3 ~ 42 K. In that study only the highest temperature phase is shown to have a clear ferromagnetic component. Here we present a single crystal neutron diffraction study determining the propagation vector and magnetic moment direction of the three magnetically ordered phases, two incommensurate and one commensurate, as a function of temperature. The higher temperature phases have similar, incommensurate propagation vectors, but with different ordered moment directions. At lower temperatures the magnetic order becomes commensurate with magnetic moments along the c direction as part of a first-order magnetic phase transition. We find that the low-temperature commensurate magnetic order is consistent with a proposal from earlier DFT calculations.


The heat transfer characteristics in building window frame have significant three-dimensional characteristics, but window U-value model are often used in most building codes for thermal analyses to simplify the calculations. State model reduction techniques were used to develop loworder three-dimensional heat transfer model for window frame, which is efficient and accuracy. The method was validated for a envelope designs by comparing the with complete 3-D models.


A new approach to network intrusion detection is needed to solve the monitoring problems of high volume network data and the time constraints for Intrusion Detection System (IDS) management. Most current network IDS's have not been specifically designed for high speed traffic or low maintenance. We propose a solution to these problems which we call NATE, Network Analysis of Anomalous Traffic Events. Our approach features minimal network traffic measurement, an anomaly-based detection method, and a limited attack scope. NATE is similar to other lightweight approaches in its simplified design, but our approach, being anomaly based, should be more efficient in both operation and maintenance than other lightweight approaches. We present the method and perform an empirical test using MIT Lincoln Lab's data.


This paper introduces the concept of the library product,expounds the importance and necessity of establishing the market consciousness and marketing concept in Chinese libraries,and advances some concrete measures for establishing the market running system of the library.


In this article, a compact multiband planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) is proposed to cover three frequency bands for RFID operation: 920–925 MHz, 2.4–2.48 GHz, 5.815–5.875 GHz. The multiband PIFA has the advantage of compact size of 55 × 40 × 0.8 mm3. The antenna proposed herein was composed of a modified planar inverted‐F with a loaded arm and a parasitic inverted‐L. The lowest band is achieved by the modified planar inverted‐F and the highest band is achieved by the parasitic inverted‐L. With the loaded arm, the band from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz is achieved. The current distribution and radiation patterns are studied in this article. The antenna was fabricated on the FR4 substrate, providing the return loss less than −10 dB over all bands of interest. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1934–1937, 2016


During the early stages of postnatal development, in concert with the radial expansion of the skull, the mechanical properties of the calvarial bones change and the visible gaps at the sutures reduce to micro/nanometer gaps where the sutures differentiate to bone. Our understanding of the level of loading that sutures experience during the development is limited. The aim of this study was to develop a validated finite element (FE) model of a normal mouse calvarial growth to estimate the level of mechanical strain that sutures undergo during the development and to predict the pattern of bone formation at these joints.


Six patients who had routine augmentation mammaplaslies with saline-inflatable prostheses are presented to demonstrate the clinical entity "fold flaw erosion." All were healthy women who had received no medication. All had their saline-inflatable prostheses filled to the manufacturer's specifications. Suggestions for prevention and treatment are presented, based on the authors' experiences and understanding of the mechanism of erosion and subsequent extrusion.


The article investigates the economical and legal issues and main directions for formation of the new quality of CIS countries' transport system in conditions of development of modern market economy.


D-Sorbitol dehydrogenase was solubilized from the membrane fraction of Gluconobacter suboxydans var. a IFO 3254 by a procedure involving solubilization of the enzyme with Triton X-100 in the presence of KC1 and D-sorbitol. Purification of the enzyme was performed by fractionation with polyethylene glycol 6000, and column chromatographies on DEAE- and CM-cellulose in the presence of Triton X-100. The enzyme was purified about 240-fold from the membrane fraction of the organism. The purified enzyme was tightly bound to a c-type cytochrome existing as a dehydrogenase-cytochrome complex. The dehydrogenase was found to be a flavoprotein, and its flavin moiety was covalently bound to the dehydrogenase protein. The optimum pH of the enzyme activity was 4.5, and the optimum temperature was 25°C. D-Sorbitol was specifically oxidized by the purified enzyme, and D-mannitol was also oxidized to 5% of the reaction rate with D-sorbitol.


Thank you very much for downloading essentials of engineering mathematics worked examples and problems. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this essentials of engineering mathematics worked examples and problems, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.


Abstract A microprocessor based probability density analyser system for determining the optimum coding threshold of facsimile (fax) signal is described. The system performs the operations of data fetching, processing and analysing, through which an adaptive threshold is evaluated and fed back to the fax machine. A global thresholding approach with the threshold selection based on the criterion of maximum separability between the object and the background in the subject document is adopted. Experimental results obtained from a Xerox Telecopier 485 fax machine show that the algorithm is stable, and that the resultant thresholds set for various documents reproduce clearer copies than the default values used in the machine.


Tracking performance in position, rate, and acceleration control systems was studied experimentally under short-term psychological stress induced by electric shocks. 30 army conscripts were divided into 3 matched groups which trained 1, 3, and 13 hr. on the tracking tasks. It was hypothesized that performance decrements under stress would be greater for the more complex and less well learned tasks. The results showed significant tracking impairment of roughly the same order of magnitude for the three systems and learning levels, thus the hypotheses were rejected. Plots of heart rate against performance indicated a linear relation, which was interpreted as a partial confirmation of the activation theory. Adaptation to stress was rapid.


We present the dynamics of stratospheric aerosol characteristics after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. Measurements were carried out with a lidar, which has been operating at 532 and 1064 nm wavelengths. An approach to the processing of two-wavelength polarization sounding data is presented. Altitude-temporal dependence contours of the aerosol backscatter ratio, the ratio of aerosol backscatter coefficients at two wavelengths, and the aerosol linear depolarization ratios are given. Possible temporal transformations of the stratospheric aerosol microstructure characteristics that cause the changes in optical parameters are discussed.


This paper attempts to define the risk of asset evaluation from the perspective of behavioral economics,which is due to the limited rationality and no-effective market,so lead to that appraiser's behavior occurs deviation of value understanding and the stakeholders have different opinions of inconsistency.Compared with the classical risk theory,a new theory of behavior risk is emphasis on charge reference point for the datum,and combination of asset value and risk probability.According to this,the appraisers choose their own judgment of activities.Therefore,supervision of assets evaluation should be different from the past,that is comprehensive and balanced distribution of supervision,now which have to focus on evaluation of the charging standard and appraiser's behavior tendencies.


This paper depicts the process that triple eccentric butterfly valves work asemergency trip valves and control valves in No.0 turbine of Yangshupu power plant. Theis paper also analyses the characteristic of triple eccentric butterfly valve, its applicability for low pressure turbine and the causes of faults during turbine start up. The solutions are put forward and its experiences can be used for reference in low pressure turbine.


Purpose
This paper aims to assess the state of the art of quality of education, research and governance to incorporate sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4) in Nepalese higher education institutions (HEIs). In particular, it raises questions to initiate a discourse on HEIs to achieve SDG 4.

Design/methodology/approach
The idea of undertaking this research is heavily borrowed from scientific literature and policy documents. It is an exploratory study that assesses the current status of quality of education, research and governance and suggests policy measures to inculcate SDGs culture in Nepalese HEIs. This study follows a qualitative approach. The analysis is based on the opinions of 113 HEIs stakeholders and high-ranked university officials. Discussions among stakeholders have been organized using online facilities such as Zoom and Team.

Findings
Nepalese universities had not incorporated SDGs in their policy, planning, budget and curriculum. The research finds that even after the government's commitment to SDGs, HEIs are not honestly involved in academic discourse on these goals. From the conversation with university officials, it appears that Universities have understood it as a government policy for development, rather than incorporating it as their sectoral responsibility to ensure the quality of education for future generations.

Practical implications
This paper prescribes policies to inculcate SDGs culture practically throughout the university structure and operations and opens the floor to discourse on the sectoral role to reach SDG 4. Second, this research suggests activities and policies integrated toward the common good agenda.

Originality/value
The paper is the first of its type in the context of a least developed country, Nepal, to raise the issue of HEIs for SDGs. This paper also represents the situation of HEIs for SDGs of similar countries.


Purpose To describe the activities of attending physicians in a residency-based continuity clinic and to examine factors that affect their teaching of, supervision of, and interaction with residents. Method Six full-time board-certified faculty members (three internal medicine, three internal medicine-pediatrics) in an urban residency program participated in a descriptive observational time-motion study. The attending faculty were directly observed by "shadow" technique for 30 half-day sessions from April 1994 through September 1994. Each activity was measured by a trained research assistant using a digital stopwatch. The observed activities were assigned to one of 16 subcategories. Results 6,389 minutes of activities were observed. Activities were distributed among four general categories: direct contact with residents (43.1%), clinic operations (33.7%), personal and/or professional activities (18.0%), and miscellaneous time (5.2%). Attending physicians spent the most time in direct contact with residents when the patient-to-attending ratio was 10–14:1. Discussion The activities of the clinic's attending physicians were quite varied. Less than half of their time in the clinic was spent in contact with residents. This contact time may be significantly increased by changes to clinic policies, such as optimizing the patient-to-faculty ratio and increasing administrative support for the clinic. These findings can be used as a reference point for studies of attending physicians' activities since the federally mandated rules changes regarding their responsibilities for supervising residents.


Integrated system of combined heat supply on base of information as measure of the reflection of production and consumptions of the energy in correlation in united information is offered.


This paper results from an unexpected immersion at short notice into curriculum development when I filled a vacancy in the team of tutors teaching fourth-year BEd students in a college of education. Whilst I attempted to become familiar with the area in the longer term through background reading, the immediate demands of weekly seminars were met in part by transplanting to curriculum development some ideas and concepts from my own subject which is politics. Although I rejected the predominant goal paradigm found in my new subject, few of my political analogies met with great success in filling the vacuum created. One such transfer, however, which involved introducing my students to the games theory concepts of choice, conflict and coalition, seemed to hold more promise than others. It is explored below within the framework of a brief case-study. Because the sort of data does not exist at present which allows an undeniable explanatory link between the model and 'reality', the case-study serves in the main an heuristic purpose. The underlying argument of this paper is, then, that the field of curriculum development would profit from a self-conscious search of the methods of more established disciplines until a satisfactory mode of analysis of its own is found.


Fungicides viz., Benomyl, TopsinM, Carbendazim and Cuprocaffro were used at different concentrations i.e., 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 ppm a.i. to evaluate Trichoderma species viz. T. harzianum, T. pseudokoningii, T. longibrachiatum, T. viride for tolerance to fungicides. Topsin-M and Carbendazim were the most effective fungicides that inhibit the growth of Trichoderma species even at low concentration. Topsin-M completely suppressed the growth of T. harzianum at 10ppm.


Alkylation of isobutane by olefins catalyzed by Bronsted acids involves initial reaction of the olefin with the acid to form an ester intermediate. The esters formed by the reaction of olefins with triflic acid are very short-lived under typical alkylation reaction conditions but have been made by reaction of the olefin with frozen triflic acid and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The ester intermediates are formed in an olefin-rich environment and reacts predominantly in an environment where the acid activity is high and the olefin concentration is low. This protects against oligomerization reactions, and the formation and stability of these ester intermediates in the absence of free acid, therefore, play an important role in the selectivity to the desired high-octane components typical of alkylate gasoline. The formation of relatively stable ester type intermediates represents a route to passivation of solid acid catalysts and thus favors a liquid acid catalyst for isobutane alkylation. A new fixed-bed alkylation technology using an SLP type catalyst has been developed for isobutane alkylation. It is a compromise between the wish for improved control of the acid catalyst and the chemistry of isobutane alkylation as it provides an effective control of an otherwise liquid acid catalyst without compromising the liquid phase chemistry. Results from bench-scale tests show product qualities comparable to the qualities obtained using the established technologies.


When I first met Andrzej he was just renovating his beautiful house, and everywhere there was a smell of wood, lacquers and the hide glue. It was clear at the first glance that Andrzej was an uncommon person. Brilliant, lively, worldly, with a keen sense of humor, energetic and passionate. His passion was mathematics. He just could not prevent himself from engaging and solving mathematical problems, big and small, theoretic and practical. To further mathematical research he did everything that he felt was necessary. He built houses, laid floors, ran a hotel, confronted the communists, and then the anti-communists. He once told me how he lost the tip of his index finger, cut off by a woodworking machine. This was also a partly mathematical accident. His story began like that: "There was this faculty meeting, and we had a heated discussion. I shouldn't have planed that plank right after that meeting." As an accomplished mathematician he remained modest and humble. I remember I once teased him: "Well, I heard that in your famous paper there are three serious errors". "That might be true", Andrzej replied, "but only one of them was catastrophic". Ever since our first encounter, to me this scent of Andrzej's house from many years ago remains a symbol of dedication, competence and accomplishment.


We have proposed some standards about the qualities of master of the middle and elementary school in the 21st century.


Provided are a silver paste composition for a front electrode for a solar cell, a front electrode for a solar cell formed using it, and a solar cell employing it. The silver paste composition of the present invention has excellent adhesion to a substrate and reduced contact resistance to an anti reflection coating, thereby manufacturing a highefficiency solar cell.


In the paper the development of a fully electronic transmit-receive phased-array antenna system in Ku-band for aircraft communications via satellite is presented. Particular emphasis has been placed in the improvement of the following key elements: a dual-polarization self-diplexing radiating element, a transmit/receive active module with full polarization agility based on a digital vector modulator and a SiGe multinode MMIC. The optimized antenna elements enable a significant improvement towards the realization of a future affordable commercial product for satellite communications.


We consider the task of active exploration of large subterranean environments with a ground mobile robot. Our goal is to autonomously explore a large unknown area and to obtain an accurate coverage and localization of objects of interest (artifacts). The exploration is constrained by the restricted operation time in rescue scenarios, as well as a hard rough terrain. To this end, we introduce a novel optimization strategy that respects these constraints by maximizing the environment coverage by onboard sensors while producing feasible trajectories with the help of a learned robot-terrain interaction model. The approach is evaluated in diverse subterranean simulated environments showing the viability of active exploration in challenging scenarios. In addition, we demonstrate that the local trajectory optimization improves global coverage of an environment as well as the overall object detection results.


Using several different methodologies, we quantify the statistical robustness of variables used in prior research to explain initial IPO returns. We establish a parsimonious list of robust variables and evaluate their implications for different theories of IPO underpricing and clustering. Further, we illustrate how using such a set of robust explanatory variables leads to several different conclusions than prior research that failed to include these important control variables. Researchers who identify new potential predictors of IPO initial returns should control for the list of robust variables we identify.


Despite various successful applications of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) transducers in the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique for structural health monitoring (SHM), fundamental research work on the sensitivity of the PZT transducers for damage detection is still in need. Conventionally, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) is utilized to statistically analyze the differences between the pre-damage and the post-damage electromechanical admittance signatures of a PZT transducer. Recently, another damage index method based on the structural impedance has been derived and successfully used for structural damage diagnosis. This paper presents a comparison of the sensitivity of these two methods to the damages in a concrete structure. An experimental test is carried out on a two-storey concrete frame subjected to base vibrations that simulate the earthquake and underground explosions. A number of PZT transducers are regularly arrayed and bonded to the concrete frame structure. After each phase of vibration loading, the PZT transducers are scanned to acquire the raw signatures of the PZT admittance. Subsequently, the damage indices based on both the raw signatures and the structural impedance extracted from the raw signatures are calculated. Results show that the PZT transducers with different distances away from the damage have different sensitivity to the structural damage. The relation between the damage index and the distance of the PZT transducer away from the damage is studied. Consequently, the sensitivity of the PZT transducers is discussed, and their sensing region in concrete is derived.


This paper presents in theory and implementation an Item Bank System developed by Visual Foxpro for Computer-Based Education. It can implement such functions as Item Bank management and maintenance, test paper generation, simple tests and test results analyses.


: Nowadays multi level inverter has become favored. Predominantly due to their greater in output voltage magnitude and to diminish the harmonic content in the output voltage and current. A high quality in voltage level and less number of switching devices has been acquired in symmetric mode. In this pwm technique only two switches are operating in each mode. The remaining switches are in off position. This will diminish the losses and total harmonic distortion. Symmetric mode five level inverter are used to create nearly sinusoidal current waveform. The proposed multi level inverter has been examined in symmetric operation mode can be studied in matlab simulink model.


The use of plant extracts have shown antifungal and induction of defense due to the presence of compounds with characteristics elicitors. Therefore, the goals were to evaluate the antifungal effect of aqueous extracts of rosemary pepper, neem and nettle on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the potential as elicitors of phytoalexin and the effect of control of anthracnose in detached leaves of cashew plant. The extracts of three concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) were added to the culture medium to evaluate the effect on the mycelial growth and sporulation or to the water-agar substrate to evaluate the effect on conidial germination and apressoria formation. The potential elicitor was investigated in etiolated sorghum mesocotyl and soybean cotyledons, determining the ability of the phytoalexin elicitor deoxyanthocyanidin and gliceollin respectively. Rosemary Pepper 10 and 15% completely inhibited the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides and sporulation and germination. Nim partially inhibited the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination in proportion to the concentration used. Nettle stimulated mycelial growth, but partially inhibited the sporulation and germination. Appressoria were not formed in the presence of the three extracts. Only rosemary pepper 15% showed potential elicitor of deoxyanthocyanidin in sorghum. In soybean, potential elicitor of gliceolina, although with marked variation, was observed so the three extracts as the concentration. Control of anthracnose in detached leaves of cashew plant was observed at all concentrations of extracts of rosemary pepper and neem and nettle to 15%. The biggest effect of control was provided equally by the concentrations of the extract of rosemary pepper.


From Constitutional order and function of the Project of the reform and the law federal of the work, this paper presents n analysis on the situation present on the participation of the hard-working in the profits an the company this necessary inspection. Palabras claves: Constitucion, derechos, reformas, utilidades, empresa.


The dynamics of plasma and ejection characteristics of spheromaks produced by a magnetized coaxial plasma gun are studied. By placing three magnetic probes at various axial positions, the distribution of current paths in the gun is found to vary in two distinct discharge modes. During the first half-period of a discharge, the plasma moves forward in the form of a current sheet, while the diffuse distribution of current paths in the second half-period indicates a deflagration mode. The evolution images and photodiode signals of the plasma show that only a single spheromak is ejected during the entire discharge. This is because the diffuse current paths reduce the J × B Lorentz force on the leading-edge plasma, which cannot be ejected from the gun. In addition, the existence of kinks in the plasma flow in two discharge modes proves that the instability is driven by E r × B z drift, which causes rotation of the central column. Spheromak velocities increase linearly with discharge current amplitude but are inversely proportional to the gas puff mass. In ejected spheromaks, both toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields are axisymmetric, with field strength increasing with discharge current. During magnetic reconnection events, the toroidal electric field V z × B r drives toroidal current that generates an additional poloidal field that amplifies the starting magnetic field in the spheromak plasma. This study clarifies the relationship between the formation of a single spheromak and the current distribution, and also provides a new way to optimize the spheromak's injection performance.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate prognostic impact of maspin expression in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

STUDY DESIGN
From 1996 to 2001, 439 patients underwent radical surgery for NSCLC at the Polytechnic University of the Marche Region. Maspin expression was detected as cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of neoplastic cells. For cytoplasmic staining, cases were classified as negative, low positive, and high positive. In positive cases, intensity of staining was also considered and scored. A similar classification was used for nuclear staining, but intensity was not considered.

RESULTS
The analysis showed that smoking history, pathologic stage of disease, N status, histologic grading, sex, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status had a prognostic impact on overall survival (OS). Expression of maspin was also found to be an independent prognostic factor. A statistically significant longer OS was seen in patients with higher compared with lower expression of nuclear maspin, and poorer OS was present in patients with a higher intensity of cytoplasmic staining. Nuclear expression of maspin was also found to be an independent prognostic factor at multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION
Results suggest that overexpression of maspin correlates with favorable prognosis in NSCLC. and may be a useful clinical marker.


In this study, the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) technique was used to weld samples of three materials: SS304type stainless steel, A36 lowcarbon steel, and T6061 aluminum. The welding was applied at 200 A, and the radiation types and lu minosities were measured for each material. During the welding processes, UV radia tion was the most frequently observed in all parameters; in addition, visible light and IR radiation, 200–1000 nm on an optical scale, were recorded. The effects of electric currents on the photon energy rates were clearly exhibited. The production and type of radiation (photon energy and highfrequency energy) were affected by the GTAW applications using tungsten electrodes containing 2% thorium, thus corroborating previous findings in the literature.


Older patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects from potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Previous studies demonstrated that pharmacist interventions may reduce PIMs, but the impact of pharmacists embedded in an outpatient memory care clinic has not been adequately studied.


Time slices of very dense GPR measurements carried out at concrete with a real point distance of less than 10 mm in x and y direction show weak reflection patterns besides the strong reflections of reinforcements. A repetition of these measurements with the same local geometrical precision at the same specimen shows the same reflection pattern. We suppose that the heterogeneity of concrete given by aggregates (e.g. gravel, broken granite) causes local weak scattering of the GPR waves and leads to reflection patterns in the GPR data. These reflection patterns can be explained by a superposition of multiple scatterings of single aggregates. So far these reflection patterns have been not recognized in standard time slices due to the large spacing (> 5 cm) between single profiles and because of the interpolation between the profiles. We investigate the characteristics of the volume scattering effects, caused by aggregates, at concrete blocks with two different grading curves. In a more general investigation we study the volume scattering of aggregates by using wooden boxes filled with only typical aggregates and an included defined reflector (metal plate). The thickness of the aggregate layer above the metal plate was varied between 20 cm and 40 cm. With a very dense measuring grid at the surface we are able to calculate the effective volume scattering and to analyze the distribution of the reflection amplitude of the included metal plate for different aggregate set-ups. Results of this study confirm that the weak reflection patterns in concrete can be explained by aggregate scattering and have a direct correlation to the penetration depth of GPR in concrete.


Manufacturing organizations are currently encountering a necessity to respond to rapidly changing customer needs, desires and uctuating market demand. Markets are affected by diverse customer needs, which demand higher quality, shorter delivery time, higher customer service level and lower prices. Many organizations have realized the need to improve the quality of products & services to compete successfully. To compete in this dynamic environment, these organizations must have to develop new methodologies allowing them to remain competitive and exible simultaneously so that they can respond to the new demands. Process improvement becomes obligatory to gauge as well as improvise the current manufacturing scenario and hence advent of kaizen automation plays a chief role. This study is focusing on development of low cost automation system by using a lean tool, Kaizen: Continuous Improvement. In Japanese kaizen is for continuous automated improvement designed to eliminate waste on resources of manufacturing system i.e. machinery, material, worker and production methods. Here we will see that how a low cost automation in manufacturing industry can be useful for productivity improvement, fatigue reduction and reduce the chances of injury. RESEARCH PAPER


AIM: To investigate the value and the effect of tripterygium wilfordii on decreasing proteinuria in the primary and secondary nephropathy synd rome in children. METHODS: 30 patients were confirmed the pathol ogy classification, and given tablets of tripterygium wilfordii by 1.5 kg·d -1 for 4 weeks. 24-hour urine volume and gastrointestinal reaction were obser ved, and regularly the 24-hour proteinuria quantity, hepatic and renal function , peripheral blood, and serum albumin were examined. RESULTS: 14 of 30 patients were effective after the treatment, 12 patients were improved, 7 patients were effective after 1-week treatment, and 9 patients were effective after 2 weeks. Individual patients had moderate gastrointestinal disorder; a few patients had modest ALT increase in early therapy; and all recovered after cont inuous treatment. The value of WBC in 3 patients decreased to 3.5 ×10 9 L -1 in the whole course, but, it did not affected the administration. A ll patients had normal renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Tripterygi um wuilfordii can effectively decrease proteinuria, and improve the symptom of primary and secondary nephropathy syndrome in children.


Schellenberg, M. P., Holt, N. W. and Waddington, J. 1999. Effects of grazing dates on forage and beef production of mixed prairie rangeland. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 335‐341. Conventional belief is that mixed prairie range is harmed by early spring use but not by moderate grazing after the grasses have flowered. Our hypothesis was that mixed prairie range may be grazed for a li mited period in the growing season providing rest is allowed for the remainder of the year. This 6-yr test was established on a rolling site of range pasture, which contained, by area, 65% upland mixed prairie, 5% lowland bluegrass ( Poa spp.) and 30% crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum). The species mix is commonly found in southern Canadian prairies. The mixed prairie grasses were needle and thread (Stipa comata), northern wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis). Each pasture was 1.6 ha and was grazed with yearling beef cattle once a year beginning midMay; the end of June; mid-August or late September. Forage yields in grazing-exclusion cages averaged 580, 2960, and 1370 kg ha ‐1 for the mixed prairie, lowland grasses, and crested wheatgrass, respectively. The date of grazing in the previous year did not affect current-year maximum forage yield. The main determinant of maximum forage yield was a combination of spring soil moisture plus April to June precipitation. Available forage for grazing, on average, doubled from mid-May until the end of June for the three forage types. There were year-by-grazing date interactions, which were related to distribution of precipitation. Mixed pr airie was the preferred forage at the last two grazing dates. Forage digestibility, N and P content were highest during the May and J une grazing period and declined thereafter. Average daily gain of the steers decreased from 0.9 kg d ‐1 in May and late June to 0.2 kg d ‐1 by late September. Annual carrying capacity (in standard animal units) was 40 d ha ‐1 in May and averaged 55 d ha ‐1 for the other dates, which were not different. Grazing mixed prairie did not have a negative effect on the yield of native grasses when used for only one short period per year. Delayed use from mid May to end of June increased available forage and carrying capacity.


In our report "Three recessive loci required for insulin-dependent diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice" (1), we outcrossed diabetes-susceptible strain NOD mice with diabetes-resistant strain NON, backcrossed the resistant F1 hybrids to the susceptible NOD parental strain, and analyzed segregation of diabetogenic genes. We reported that 1 of 19 mice developing diabetes at first backcross apparently exhibited recombination within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 17. Microcytotoxicity testing of splenic leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies and complement indicated homozygosity for the H-2Kd allele (NOD type), but expression of I-Ek (NON type). Since a recessive diabetogenic allele (Idd-lS) tightly linked to MHC was


Objectives To investigate the surgical options for the management of portal vein thrombosis(PVT) during liver transplantation and its impact on the outcome of patients.Methods Two hundred and forty-six cases of liver transplantation were analyzed retrospectively,along with literature review.Results PVT occurred in 31 patients,including 14 of grade I,8 of gradeⅡ,7 of grade Ⅲ,and 2 of grade IV.Simple thrombectomy or thrombus-extraction was performed in grade I and II PVT.Seven patients with grade Ⅲ PVT received a bypass procedure,using the donor iliac vein to act as a bridge between the donor portal vein and host superior mesenteric vein.Two cases of grade IV PVT received a modified cavo-portal hemitransposition.The postoperative 6-month mortality in the PVT and control groups was 6.5% and 7.4% respectively(P0.05).Conclusions PVT is not an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation.Good results can be obtained by applying reasonable operative procedures individually.


Central to spatial intelligence are the capacities to perceive the visual world accurately, to perform transformations and modifications upon one's initial perceptions, and to be able to re-create aspects of one's visual experiences, even in the absence of relevant physical stimulation. One can be asked to produce forms or simply to manipulate those that have been provided [Gardner 1983, p. 173].


Formal heritage systems came as part of a colonial
package throughout the African continent, with the aim of
preserving monuments and sites that bore witness to
human civilisation and development. Before colonialism,
different systems were in place to ensure respect and
survival of cultural sites. These included taboos, myths
and restrictions. The impressive structures we see today
have survived for hundreds of years, meaning they owe
their existence to some form of management, which is
certainly traditional practices. However, the new system
of heritage management sought to protect only tangible
heritage, and considered modern, scientific techniques
important in conservation. This scenario prevailed
throughout the colonial period, and was even inherited by
heritage institutions after independence. In Zimbabwe,
National Museums inherited the colonial system, and did
not incorporate traditional ways of heritage protection,
despite the fact that in some areas local leadership was
willing to participate and revive old ways of managing
heritage. In communal areas, several factors led to the
erosion of traditional management systems. Legislative
pieces pertaining to land ownership saw people moving
to reserves, creating way for commercial farms.
Proclamation of sites as a way of ensuring their protection
meant they automatically became state land. Thus, people
became divorced from their heritage, as accessing it
would have meant trespassing into private or state land.
This meant that traditional leaders, also the guardians of
heritage, could not enforce traditional systems of heritage
protection. Missionaries also widened the gap between
local people and traditional management systems as they
condemned respect for ancestors, who were considered
the owners of heritage. Many people became
Christianised and questioned traditional ceremonies and
belief systems. Recently, the government embarked on
land redistribution, which had been spontaneous and
uncontrolled, and it is not clear whether the new settlers
will be able to respect the heritage they find in different
areas. In light of these factors this paper seeks to assess
how possible and practical it is to call for, and try to
revive, traditional systems in managing Zimbabwean
cultural heritage.


For high-power and compact sub-terahertz (THz) sources, a high-current electron beam is a crucial component. In this article, a miniaturized sheet-electron-beam source has been developed for generation of the high-current-density electron beam. It consists of a hollow cathode with a 3-mm diameter circular aperture, an anode with a 1.25 mm $\times0.25$ mm rectangular aperture, and an interelectrode three-gap region with optimized dimension. The developed electron beam source has been operated in self-breakdown conditions for applied gap voltage ranging between 10 and 30 kV. The sheet electron beam has been successfully propagated for nearly 45 mm inside the drift space without the assistance of an external magnetic field due to the space charge neutralization effect. It has demonstrated good transmission characteristics with more than 50-A beam current and beam current loss of around 25%.


Abstract Various books and popular media outlets claim that mindless smartphone use can impair creativity, yet few studies have tested this idea. We conducted a survey and three correlational studies focused on divergent thinking, the mindful ability to generate creative responses to open-ended problems. Most of the 48,000 participants surveyed thought that smartphone use reduced creativity. This view was consistent with the negative correlations we found between divergent thinking and both screen time and problematic smartphone use ( to −.35) in an exploratory sample of 62 university students. However, in two pre-registered replications with larger and more diverse samples (N = 294 and 16,932), we found at most tiny correlations between measures of divergent thinking or creative achievement and several types of smartphone use ( to .09). Thus, the link between smartphone use and creativity may be weaker or more nuanced than is commonly believed.


ABSTRACT Background: We report a case of Sjogren's syndrome with pulmonary involvement resembling that seen in Wegener's granulomatosis. The patient was a 69-year-old woman who presented with a three-week history of persistent cough and fever. The chest radiograph and CT scans revealed multiple consolidations in the middle and lower lung fields bilaterally. Methods & Results: Lung biopsy specimens obtained by video-assisted thoracoscopy showed infiltration of the alveoli by lymphocytes with scattered neutrophils, and microscopic vasculitis of the small arteries. The patient tested positive for antineutrophil- cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) against myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) and for anti SS-A & SS-B antibodies ; however, the test for ANCA against proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) was negative. Conclusions: Based on the presence of the clinical features of the sicca syndrome and positive findings on Schirmer's test and sialoscintigraphy, the patient was given a diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome with Wegener's granulomatosis-like involvement of the lungs. Neither upper airway nor renal involvement was detected.


Background and aims: There is a demand for serum markers that can routinely assess the progression of liver cancer. DENA (diethylnitrosamine), a hepatocarcinogen, is commonly used in an experimental mouse model to induce liver cancer that closely mimics a subclass of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, blood monitoring of the progression of HCC in mouse model has not yet been achieved. In this report, we studied glycomics during the development of mouse HCC induced by DENA.


A preliminary study (Robin et al., 1961) of twenty out-patients showed nealbarbitone to be a therapeutically useful drug. The following study was undertaken to validate this trial.


In a previous paper by Smith and Pollard (1952) a method of using the sensitive anthrone reagent in connection with paper chromatography was described. The present work is a survey of various methods to identify the presence of uronic acids and glucosamine in bacterial polysaccharides. Specific and accurate methods for the determination of these substances in natural products do not exist. The problem is complicated further by their behavior during hydrolysis. According to Anderson and Sands (1945), furanoside bonds are easily broken whereas pyranoside bonds may survive many hours of heating to 120 C in 4 per cent acid. Moreover, there is evidence of a reaction between the uronic acids and any glucosamine that may be present. The recent commercial production of synthetic glucuronolactone by the Chemical Division of Corn Products Refining Company probably will stimulate extensive experimentation, and there is immediate need for better analytical procedures. In addition to the well known detoxifying activity of glucuronic acid, there is evidence that it has antibacterial properties (Wooldridge and Mast, 1949). Fishman et al. (1951) report anomalous variations in retention, after oral administration, by patients with rheumatic diseases or with cancer of the breast. Of greater importance are the activity of plant uronides in the conditioning of soil and the effect of soil algae and bacteria in this process.


In this paper, We have developed a rolling and non-rolling subtitle detection algorithm with temporal and spatial analysis for news video. This paper mainly includes rolling subtitle region detection, character segmentation for rolling subtitle, and non-rolling subtitle detection and location. While, most previous video text detection methods aimed at non-rolling subtitles, this paper proposed a detailed detection algorithm for both rolling and non-rolling subtitles in currently popular news video. The proposed algorithm makes good use of typical features of rolling subtitles, and is efficient for rolling character segmentation. For non-rolling subtitles, it utilizes edge features and connected component analysis of subtitle regions. In the experiments, we have tested the proposed algorithm with a series of news video and achieved good detection and segmentation results.