Background
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is often complicated with cataract, accompanied by zonular defects.Zonular related complications easily happened intraoperatively and postoperatively.It is very important to choose the operating timing and method to reduce the complications and improve curative effects.However, relative study is rare.

Objective
This study was to analyze the curative effects of cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for PEX combined cataract (PEXC) with zonular defect and discuss the appropriate operation timing and method.

Methods
A serial cases-observational study was performed, and written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to ocular surgery.Twenty-three eyes of 21 patients with PEXC and zonular defect were included and received PEXC surgery inSecond People's Hospital of Kashi from July 2012 to December 2015.The patients were divided into phacodonesis type (18 eyes) and subluxation of lens (5 eyes) based on the severity of zonular defect and grade Ⅱ (4 eyes), grade Ⅲ (9 eyes), grade Ⅳ(7 eyes) and grade Ⅴ(3 eyes) nuclei based on the hardness of lens nuclei.Phacoemulsification combined capsular tension ring (CTR) or modified CTR (MCTR) insertion and IOL implantation was carried out for gradeⅡ and Ⅲ nuclei with phacodonesis eyes.or extracapsular cataract extraction combined CTR and IOL implantation was carried out for grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ nuclei with phacodonesis eyes, and phacoemulsification combined MCTR insertion and IOL implantation, or lens loop nucleus-deliver, anterior vitrectomy combined suspensory IOL implantation were performed for subluxation eyes.The patients were followed up for consecutive 3 months, and optimal operation timing, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), complications and anterior capsular opening, IOL position were assessed.

Results
In the patients with phacodonesis, CTR was inserted in 10 eyes, and MCTR was inserted in 3 eyes, and extracapsular cataract extraction combined CTR and IOL implantation was carried out in 4 eyes and 1 eye received anterior vitrectomy combined suspensory IOL implantation.In the patient with subluxation of lens, only 1 eye finished successful phacoemulsification combined anterior vitrectomy and suspensory IOL implantation, and other 4 eyes received lens loop nucleus-deliver, anterior vitrectomy combined suspensory IOL implantation.The BCVA of the operated eyes was >0.5 in 4 eyes, >0.3-≤0.5 in 6 eyes, >0.1-≤0.3 in 8 eyes, ≤0.1 in 5 eyes, which was better than that before surgery (χ2=17.29, P 0.05). The intra- and post-operative complications included small pupil, corneal edema, residual cortex and posterior capsular opacification.

Conclusions
The operative process of PEXC eyes with zonular defect is complex.The choice of operative time and methods depends upon the type of zonular defect, hardness of lens nuleus, with or without subluxation of lens.A carefully ocular examination before operation is crucial for the therapy of PEXC.

Key words:
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome/complications; Cataract; Lens nucleus, crystalline/pathology; Zonular defect; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Operative time; Operative method; Capsular tension ring


In this paper, we study the bilateral upper-left shifts B on the weighted
 double sequence spaces Lp(Z, v) and characterize the hypercyclicity and
 supercyclicity of B : Lp(Z, v) ? Lp(Z, v) based on Salas?s previous results
 about the bilateral weighted backward shifts acting on l2(Z). Furthermore,
 we construct a special weight sequence such that B and the weighted
 bilateral upper-left shifts Bw are conjugate, and we generalize the results
 to Bw : Lp(Z) ? Lp(Z) via this conjugacy. Finally, we investigate the
 chaoticity of the bilateral upper-left shifts.


The first step in the fundamental Clifford Theoretic Approach to General Block Theory of Finite Groups reduces to: H is a subgroup of the finite group G and b is a block of H such that b(gb) = 0 for all g 2 G H . We extend basic results of several authors in this situation and place these results into current categorical and character theoretic equivalences frameworks.


ITN Energy Systems, Inc., and Global Solar Energy, Inc., assisted by NREL's PV Manufacturing RD detecting failed sensors/equipment and reconfiguring to tinue processing; and systematic development of fault prevention and reconfiguration strategies for the full range of CIGS PV production deposition processes. In-situ sensor development activities have resulted in improved control and indicated the potential for enhanced process status monitoring and control of the deposition processes. Substantial process improvements have been made, including significant improvement in CIGS uniformity, thickness control, efficiency, yield, and throughput. In large measure, these gains have been driven by process optimization, which in turn have been enabled by control and reliability improvements due to this PV Manufacturing R&D program.


The broad range of nanotechnology applications makes it an immensely developing field especially form the areas of science and technology. A facile and eco-friendly biosynthesis approach was introduced in this study. The aqueous flower extract of Clitoria ternatea (CT) is used to reduce gold ions, gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl ·3H O) to gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). The effect of reaction time (15 min, 60 min) was changed to determine the outcome of the size of nanoparticles. CT flower extract plays an essential part in producing Au-NPs which act as a stabilizing and reducing (Au3+ to Au) agent to reduce the consumption of harmful substances during the synthesis of CT/Au-NPs. Furthermore, it also cut down the production of unnecessary side product during the reaction that can cause harm to the ecosystem and surrounding. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used for quantification of CT/Au-NPs synthesized form different parameters. An absorption UV-vis peaks of CT/Au-NPs was noticed approximately at the range of 540 nm wavelength with different concentration of HAuCl ·3H O. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the structure and purity of synthesized CT/Au-NPs. These spectrums provide a sharp peak at around 2θ = 38.44°, 44.41°, 65.03°, and 77.58° respectively. Meanwhile, it also correlated to a face-centered cubic structure with a plane of (111), (200), (220), and (311). Furthermore, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the formation of highly distributed CT/Au-NPs with an average diameter of about 15.53±10.12 nm to 59.43±27.62 nm and mostly spherical. This paper has been concentrated on producing simple, cost-effective, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly nanoparticles with size controlled.


The dynamic clonal selection algorithm (dynamiCS) was created to tackle the difficulties of anomaly detection in continuously changing environments (Kim and Bentley, 2002a). This algorithm was extended in a sister paper (Kim and Bentley, 2002b), so that memory detectors that are no longer valid are automatically deleted. Here we describe a further extension to the system: the use of hypermutation on deleted memory detectors to produce, in effect, a " virtual gene library " which seeds the immature detector population. When using an Artificial Immune System (AIS) in a r eal environment (e.g., monitoring network traffic), nor mal or self behaviours can change after a certain period. In addition, the system may only see a small subset of self antigens at any one time. In order for our AIS to be able to deal with such an environment, a dynamic clonal selectionalgorithm(DynamiCS)wasintroducedin previous work (Kim and Bentley, 2002a). The results described there showed that DynamiCS could incrementally learn the globally converged distribu tions even though only one subset distribution was given at each generation. This feature was achieved by emplo ying three important parameters: tolerisation period of an immature detector (T), activation threshold of a mature detector (A) and the life span of a mature detector. However, the original DynamiCS could not learn new self-antigens when learned self and non-self behavi ours suddenly altered due to legal self change. This res ulted in high false positive (FP) rates when new antigens we re monitored by DynamiCS, although it produced high tr ue positive (TP) rates. A sister paper to this describes a further extensio n of DynamiCS, which reduces FP rates increased by memor y detectors (Kim and Bentley 2002b). The extended DynamiCS handles generated memory detectors based o n their detection results. The original DynamiCS pres erved memory detectors for an infinite lifespan. In contr ast, the extended DynamiCS kills memory detectors if they sh ow poor self-tolerance to new antigens (Kim and Bentle y 2002b). This extended system was tested to determin e whether surviving memory detectors no longer cause seriously high FP error rates or not. From this tes t, it was analysed to see whether any other problems occur as a consequence of killing memory detectors. The analys is showed that the extended DynamiCS requires a larger amount of co-stimulation if it yielded high TP rate s. This analysis led to the work described in this …


Adventure sport physiology is a textbook that presents physiological processes contextualized through adventure sports. Each of the bodies' physiological systems are reviewed, including a chapter on nutrition. The purpose of the text is to facilitate an understanding of sport physiology that can be applied to training, performance and testing of the adventure sports athlete. Aspects of the text could also be applied to general sports, given that the behaviour of the physiological processes remains essentially the same. Some may argue against the review of a textbook such as this in the Journal but the field of Adventure Education continues to develop and the growth in adventure sports cannot be denied. A number of these sports are referred to in the text and participants within these sports, be it for recreation, personal challenge or elite competition have access to a range of magazines and electronic sources allowing them to understand ways in which they may improve their own or others' performance. The applied nature of this text will certainly assist leaders, instructors and coaches in their work.


Methods of precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, and extraction chromatography were suggested to identify trace amounts of americium in different oxidation states. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has not been used previously for these purposes. At the same time, this method is widely used in the separation of small quantities of elements in different valence states. Previously, the chromatographic mobility of actinide ions on thin layers of silica gel and cellulose on Silufol plates (CSFR) and plates from Merck (Germany) was investigated. The behavior of americium in different oxidation states on domestic TLC plates in nitric acid solutions was determined to be of interest.


The objectives of this study is to identify the practices and problems of small scale tomato farmers in some selected villages of Orire Local Government Area of Oyo State who were more engaged in the production of tomato.
The analysis of the data was based on descriptive statistics which involves the calculation of frequencies, percentages, pie chart and bar chart. The spearman correlation coefficient of rank order was also used.
The study revealed that majority (48.80%) of tomato producers in the study area used sole cropping system of tomato production.
The result of the study also shows that there was significant relationship between the age of the respondent farmers and cropping system they used in tomato production.
Both age and farming experience were found to be significantly related to staking practice while educational level had no significant relationship with staking practice.
The study also revealed that the major problems of tomato production in the study area were pests and diseases and this resulted into low yield.
It was recommended that in order to combat the effect of pests and disease, farmers should adopt the use of neem tree product (Leaves and seed) which is readily available within their locality. Also, farmers should be provided with adequate training on improved system of tomato production.


The rural energy is one of important factor in energy system, which connects closely with new rural construction. The analysis on Beijing rural energy problems will benefit to solve the national rural energy problems on referential meaning. In this paper, the situation of Beijing rural energy problems in 2007 is analyzed, and the problems which exist in rural energy development are found. Meanwhile, it introduces the policy of Beijing rural energy construction and its target, and suggests that rapid developing the rural renewable energy in order to adjust the structure of Beijing rural energy consumption.


OWADAYS IT IS A COMMON ASSUMPTION that scientific work entails an 'atheistic methodology'. Although somewhat provocative, this formula expresses what the Second Vatican Council called the rightful 'autonomy of earthly affairs'. The scientific investigator is free to construct any scenario likely to explain phenomena without needing to have recourse to some 'supernatural' element which would intervene as a special complement to a series of 'natural' causes. Such an attitude is justified not as an example of tolerance which avoids challenging modern secularisation, but as the outcome of a reasoned theology of creation. The act of creation consists in handing over to creatures 'their own stability, truth, goodness, proper laws and order'. Thus, according to their 'species', each acquires the capacity to move by its own power and to enjoy a certain autonomy from the environment; in the case of the human species, this takes the form of freedom. On this understanding, the intellectual process of knowing belongs to a different order from the personal choice of faith, which involves liberty. Such an outlook helps to explain why, from the early development of modern science at the start of the seventeenth century, the attitudes of scientists to religion have been very diverse. There are those who deliberately separate science from the quest for meaning, either because they set aside the latter as without interest, or because they consider the two tasks to be unrelated. However, today such attitudes—which could vary from indifference to a prudent distancing—are less common than


The invention relates to a method for mounting a rail traction vehicle, in which first of all gas pipes (55, 56) for a pneumatic system and optionally fluid tubes (55, 56), in particular for a pneumatic system and optionally for water and / or technical gases for a fire extinguishing system, of electrical and / or non-electrical lines (E1, E4) for the transmission of signals (signal lines) and from electrical lines (E2, E3) is formed for supplying consumers with electrical energy (power lines) a mounting unit (portion 41a), the a mechanical bond between the fluid pipes (55, 56) of the signal lines (E1, E4) and energy lines (E2, E3), and wherein the entire assembly is integrally incorporated in a vehicle body of the rail traction vehicle.


Abstract This paper discusses the multidisciplinary design optimization of an engine system to improve the idle refinement of the vehicle and to remove the possibility of interaction between the powertrain system and vehicle systems. The driveline model attempts to provide practical support to engine mount development by providing sufficient detail for design modification assessment in a stable and efficient modelling environment. By applying forced vibration analysis for vehicle systems and mode decouple analysis for the engine mount system to the design of the engine mount, it is shown that an improved optimization result is obtained.


In this letter, forward synchronized stress (FSS) is proposed to further simulate the working conditions of switching thin-film transistors (TFTs) in active-matrix displays. The FSS induces tremendous device degradation in polycrystalline (poly-Si) TFTs, which is dominated by a dynamic hot carrier (HC) effect. For the first time, it is found that the dynamic HC effect is dependent on both rising time and falling time. Incorporated with TCAD simulations, the degradation mechanism is tentatively discussed. To alleviate such FSS-induced tremendous degradation, a bridged-grain structure, which can effectively suppress the peak value of lateral electric field by multiple reversed junctions, is applied in the active channel of poly-Si TFTs.


This exceptional book emphasizes uniquely designed interventions for individual counseling, group work, and community counseling that consider clients as individuals within the contexts of families, cultural groups, workplaces, and communities. Part I describes the theoretical research base and major tenets of the ecological perspective and its applications to counseling practice. In Part II, experts who have used the ecological perspective in their work discuss its usefulness in various applications, including counseling diverse clients with specific life challenges; assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning; and in schools, substance abuse programs, faithbased communities, and counselor training programs.


Objective: Hardness is an important physical property of metal materials, which directly affects the mechanical properties of metal materials as key components. Therefore, the detection of hardness is of great...


Mg-Al alloy powder was mechanically alloyed (MA) by addition of metal silicides (TiSi2, CrSi2 and WSi2), using a planetary ball mill under an Ar atmosphere. The MA powders were consolidated via vacuum hot pressing and hot extrusion. Solid state reactions in the MA powders and extruded materials were examined by XRD and TEM. Mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness and compression tests. In all alloy systems, in situ formation of Mg2Si and metal silicides with lower Si content than the added silicides occurred by solid state reaction during MA and subsequent heating processes. All of the as-extruded materials with fine dispersoids and fine matrix grain structures exhibited high hardness and specific proof strength. The as-extruded material of the Mg-Al-TiSi2 system showed the highest hardness of 141 HV, 0.2% compressive proof stress of 657 MPa and specific proof stress of 337 MPa/(Mg/m 3 ) at room temperature.


Work deals with the appreciation of the floods on the territory of Central Bohemia as a territorial administrative unit. Describes the territorial administrative unit and carried out a partial solution to the analysis of the emergency that territorial administrative unit in the previous period affected. In addition, outlines the status quo and the concept of protection of the population.


The Institute of Transport Engineers at Rostov and the Track Maintenance Department conducted theoretical and practical studies to determine the possibility of eliminating internal stresses on jointless track without interruptions in traffic. The study of the lateral stability of long rail with ZB fastenings showed that a lateral rigidity of 500-730 kgf/mm was required for 15 km/h speeds. A clamp strap was placed directly under rail-bearing plates to obtain this rigidity.


Dan Marin BOAJĂ PhD Student University of Craiova, Faculty of Business Administration, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, Craiova, Romania E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT The issue of unregistered labor employers and workers pay no social security contributions – is a major one with which Romania and the entire European community is confronted and tremendous efforts are made to develop and test policies and measures that would aim to fight unregistered labor. Thus, Romania, in April of 2011 adopted the law No. 40/2011, NLC (new Labor Code) which drastically punishes both the employers that pay workers outside the books, as well as the people that accept to work without any legal documents.


No. 1. Eugene Thacker, embody_dissolve 2.0, web work of GIF files, DHTML and streaming media from Leonardo Electronic Almanac, 1998. This work is a hypermedia essay about and inquiry into two types of bodies currently being produced and reproduced on the Web: the body as found in contemporary technoscience and the body as found in web pornography. Embody_dissolve uses text and images to investigate how these two seemingly disparate discourses may reconfigure what will become recognized as a "body" in a new medium such as the Web. (See Leonardo Gallery.)


Heteropolar electromechanical structures show strong promise as rotating power supplies for electromagnetic launchers with kinetic energy storage and transient magnetic energy storage that can achieve high power densities and small volumes. Both synchronous and asynchronous variants are based on multiple traveling waves of high-amplitude magnetic fields that have multiple velocities. The authors present a finite element formulation of the diffusion problem for time-harmonic excitation with several different frequencies. In this formulation, phasorial quantities are used and a complex-variable functional treatment is set down to correspond to the electromagnetic partial differential equations. The treatment is applicable to the self-excitation process in fast transient regimes of pulsed discharge of an asynchronous generator in which the nonuniformity (spatial and temporal) of the traveling waves plays an important role. Results are presented for a sample problem. >


Orthogonally linearly-polarized lasers and its new applications in precision measurement are presented,including:1) orthogonally linearly-polarized lasers,2) principle for laser nanometer ruler (displacement sensor based on the competition between two polarized lights of the frequency splitting lasers),3) principle for phase retardation measurement using frequency splitting technology,4) principle for phase retardation measurement based on laser feedback effects. These novel principles have remarkable characteristics of simple structure,tracing back to optical wavelength. The laser nanometer ruler has been applied in practical occasions,and its performance is as follows:the measurement range 12 mm,resolution 79 nm,and linearity less than 5×10-5. The repeatability reaches 0.3' for phase retardation measurement system based on frequency splitting technology. However,laser feedback phase retardation measurement system has the advantage of on-line measuring.


Lead-free(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.935Ba0.065(Ti1-xHfx)O3(x=0.002,0.005,0.01,0.02)ceramics were fabricated via a sol-gel method.The ferroelectric,piezoelectric properties and microstructure of the ceramics were investigated.It was found that increasing Hf dopants would result in a tetragonal crystalline phase and the hysteresis loop was distorted.The simulation of the loop at different temperature hints that two species of domains maybe existed.Analogous anti-ferroelectric character partially appeared in the loop as the temperature increased.For the ceramics with x=0.005,the piezoelectric constant d33,planar electromechanical coefficient kp,thickness electromechanical coefficient kt,dielectric permittivity er,dielectric loss tanδ are 210,0.252,0.446,1 293 and 0.055,respectively.


Lack of student awareness about the importance of environmental health causes school hygiene to become unhealthy. To find out students' perceptions about the health of the school environment in SMA Negeri 2 Unggulan Talang Ubi, Pali Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The population in this study all class X students in SMA Negeri 2 Talang Ubi Pali Regency, amounting to 157 people. Determination of the sample using a random sampling technique where individuals selected randomly into a sample of 30 people from all grade X students in SMA Negeri 2 Unggulan Talang Ubi, Pali Regency. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, documentation and questionnaires. The validity of the data used in this study is triangulation of data collection techniques by checking data to the same source with different techniques to get data from the same source and analyze data using the percentage formula. Based on the results of research that has been carried out to determine students' perceptions about school environmental health in SMA Negeri 2 Featured Talang Ubi in Pali Regency related to knowledge, understanding, attitudes and behavior of school environmental health by 75% have the perception that school environmental health is very important to maintain and creating environmental hygiene and health needs student self-awareness that starts with personal hygiene because if the school environment is not clean and healthy, disease transmission can occur through environmental media.


Supercapacitors have been considered as a promising alternative of aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) for AC line filtering applications. However, realizing supercapacitors with fast frequency response and superior energy density still remains an open issue. Herein, we demonstrate a hierarchical, vertically‐oriented carbon nanowall foam (CWF) supercapacitor using mixed room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) for high‐performance AC line filtering. Hierarchical CWF exhibits macrospores as electrolyte reservoirs to shorten ion transport distance, vertically‐oriented, open channels to enable fast ion diffusion and consecutive scaffolds to promote electron transfer. CWF supercapacitor using RTIL mixture realizes a recorded‐high areal energy density of 1.23 μWh cm−2 at 120 Hz (almost ∼2.0 times/∼10.0 times larger than those of organic/aqueous electrolytes, respectively) and fast frequency response (RC time constant=∼1.3 ms). More importantly, CWF supercapacitor achieves a capacitance advantage over commercial AECs up to 1,000 V, substantially larger than those reported in state‐of‐the‐art literatures (maximum of ∼250 V).


The most important indicators of children's health are the rates of children's traumas and children's disability due to injuries. According to these indicators one can estimate the availability and the quality of medical care as well as the effectiveness of preventive measures. The objective of the study was to analyze the statistics on children's injuries in St. Petersburg in 2011 and a comparison of injury rates and condition of trauma care to children with similar average indicators across Russia and the North-Western Federal District. For the analysis we used statistical data of public health institution "Medical information analysis center" of the Health Care Committee of St. Petersburg and the data of the state statistical reporting of the Health Ministry of Russia. For better clearness, not absolute but relative data is used in the article as a percentage of the total number or in terms of the corresponding for 1000 by sex and age of the children's population. We also used our own data of analysis of special care to children with injuries in health care facilities and work of pediatric medical social expert commission of the city.


Preface It is a little weird that, after finishing the thesis, there is still some writing to be done. First of all, I would like to thank Ton and Robert. Ton started the whole process and persistently ensured it kept on moving in the right direction. Robert excelled at getting the product right. Our conversations were on topic most of the time, although we did discuss soccer and the coffee quality from time to time. Thank you very much gentlemen. A necessary ingredient to make progress in science is collaboration, and in the past 30+ years there has been a lot of that. Jan Wielemaker has documented our endeavours at the University of Amsterdam in his thesis in an entertaining way. Looking back, it is amazing that the software we initially developed in the 80s and 90s of the previous century is still of great value today. Bob Wielinga has inspired many to reach a higher level. Fortunately, I was one of them. I did get distracted by several colleagues who had a similar problem, and it was not difficult to decide what had the highest priority. Petra, Bas, Wout, and Mieke thanks for having the opportunity to work on your data. My heroes are Nadira and Yvonne who collected and coded data analysed in the pages that follow, and Hannie and Robert who helped with additional coding. Another distraction was work on the SCY project. Isabelle, Rachel, Margus and Costas helped with specifying the concept mapping agents. Stephan, Jan, Lars and J ¨ org provided the necessary infrastructure. for the honorary membership of ProIST with limited duties: drinking tea, eating cookies, wining and dining, writing Ph.D. songs while enjoying a bokje (with Sylvia and Wout), and organising cycling trips (with Hannie, Sylvia and Irina). Finally, I want to thank Daphne for the secretarial assistance, and Johan, Jakob, and Henrik Rinse and his mama for help with the cover. Acknowledgement Part of this thesis was conducted in the context of Science Created by You (SCY), which was funded by the European Community under the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) theme of the 7th Framework Programme for R&D (Grant agreement 212814). This document does not represent the opinion of the Eu-ropean Community, and the European Community is not responsible for any use that might be made of its content.


The strain rate in rotary Kenics mixer was calculated during mixing using a finite element(package),Fluent.The relationship between mixing efficiency and rotating speed was got.The mixing efficiency increased with the rotating speed of the mixer elements.At the same time,the influence of the gap between the elements and mixer wall on the mixing efficiency was simulated and analyzed.With the gap decreasing,the gap was beneficial to the mixing efficiency of static Kenics mixer,but this influence was very weak to rotary Kenics mixer.


The water eroded steam turbine engine blades were repaired by YAG laser. The coatings were fabricated by laser cladding with direct injection of the Ni-Cr-B-Si powder into the molten pool. Laser clad coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS. The results show that the laser cladding coatings have a higher hardness value (45~50 HRC) compared with that of the substrate material 2Cr13 steel(35~40 HRC). The clad layer on the blades can be produced free of pores and cracks by YAG laser. The laser clad Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy coating is mainly a solid solution of γ-Ni with different nickel intermetallics, fundamentally Ni2B、Ni3B together with the chromium carbides Cr7C3 and with lesser proportions of Cr2B and Cr3Si.


This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Community-driven reconstruction in Lofa : country impact assessment, conducted between September 2006 and February 2007 in Liberia. The study observed the impact of community-driven reconstruction in Northern Liberia on the household and village level. The program had a significant positive impact on social cohesion. Communities were able to act more collectively and are supported by behavioral evidence. Exposure to the program also increases social inclusion, particularly for marginalized groups. However, there was no significant difference in behavioral outcomes for women between treatment and control. The program reinforced democratic values and practices. Self-reported tension between men and women decreased. However, there is little impact on material well-being. There is no significant increase in household level welfare indicators. Funding for the study derived from the Department For International Development (DFID), the Center for Global Development, Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), and the Center for Democracy Development and the Rule of Law.


Experiment was carried out to study compatibility of introduced tobacco cultivars NC102 and NC297.Modules of main cultivated cultivars and of background were set up.Modules of introduced cultivars were combined with modules of main outlived cultivars and of background to determine compatibility by sensory test.Results showed that the compatibility was the best with the background modules of Honghe and Yuxi when the mixing ratios of NC102 modules were within 0-20%,or with the background module of Kunming when that within 0-10%.For NC297,the best compatibility with the background module of Kunming or Honghe were within 0-20%,the background module of Yuxi was within 0-10%.Smoking quality decreased significantly and strong antagonism was found when mixing ratios of NC297 or NC102 module was within 50%-60%.Aroma styles completely changed when mixing ratios of NC102 module or N297 module was over 60%.


Logistics demand forecasting is important for investment decision-making of infrastructure and strategy programming of the logistics industry. In this paper, a hybrid method which combines the Grey Model, artificial neural networks and other techniques in both learning and analyzing phases is proposed to improve the precision and reliability of forecasting. After establishing a learning model GNNM(1,8) for road logistics demand forecasting, we chose road freight volume as target value and other economic indicators, i.e. GDP, production value of primary industry, total industrial output value, outcomes of tertiary industry, retail sale of social consumer goods, disposable personal income, and total foreign trade value as the seven key influencing factors for logistics demand. Actual data sequences of the province of Zhejiang from years 1986 to 2008 were collected as training and test-proof samples. By comparing the forecasting results, it turns out that GNNM(1,8) is an appropriate forecasting method to yield higher accuracy and lower mean absolute percentage errors than other individual models for short-term logistics demand forecasting.


In this paper we consider how second order intensity features can be used to boost the accuracies of SVM-based pedestrian detectors, which remain much faster than recently popular deep learning approaches. In particular, we demonstrate that combining second order information features, corresponding to Hessians of patch-wise image intensities, with HOG and LBP features leads to more than 10% improvement in accuracy for frequently used and difficult datasets. In addition, we present a framework to visualize the responses of the linear SVM classifier at different locations and for different feature types, which enables a comprehensive and detailed analysis of failure modes of the current HOG-LBP detector. An interesting observation made is that the weight patterns of the Hessian-based features change when combined with HOG and LBP features as compared to using Hessians only, and that these changes can be understood from an intuitive perspective as detailed in our paper.


There is little correlation between radon concentrations in soil and radon concentrations in homes. One explanation is that the soil radon concentration does not fully characterize the soil as a radon hazard. A mathematical model for the determination of important soil parameters for characterizing the flow of radon into a basement has been analyzed. We have identified important soil properties by mathematically modeling ventilated air enclosed in basement walls of thickness T (through which radon convects) and surrounded by soil of infinite extent (through which radon diffuses). The radon instantaneously mixed uniformly with the basement air and is lost from the basement air by ventilation ({lambda}{sub v}) and decay ({lambda}). It was found that not only the soil pore gas radon concentration, C{sub s}, but also the radon gas diffusion length, L{sub 3}, and the soil porosity, {epsilon}{sub 3}, are important to characterize the soil as a radon hazard. A model for determining the parameters C{sub s}, L{sub 3}, and {epsilon}{sub 3} has also been analyzed. It was found that it is possible to measure in situ these important soil parameters by monitoring the radon gas concentration time history of two cavities of different radii formed in the same soil.


Purpose
This paper aims to identify issues with joining selective laser melting (SLM) steels with conventional cold rolled steels through remote laser beam welding.

Design/methodology/approach
A novel approach for substituting conventional cold rolled metal sheets with SLM metal sheets, made of 316L and 18-Ni 300, is presented. The characteristics of the interaction of wrought and SLM materials are described, and joining benchmark parameters are presented and compared to known existing joining results. Finally, the joints are assessed in line with automotive specifications. This research also addresses the importance of joining technologies for the implementation of SLM as a full-fledged manufacturing technology for the automotive industry.

Findings
New parameter ranges for laser beam welding of SLM steels are defined.

Research limitations/implications
This research is limited to the examined steels and the used machines, parameters and equipment.

Practical implications
The presented benchmark parameters are expected to be useful for designers, product developers and machine operators.

Originality/value
Little knowledge is available about the behavior of SLM materials and their suitability for assembly processes. Novel information about SLM steels and their interaction with conventionally produced steel sheets is presented.


Hybrid simulation of structures typically involves analytically modelling the overall system and experimentally testing a limited number of subcomponents. This enables researchers to capture both the local and global behavior of individual elements and the structure. The Near Collapse Performance of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings ("RC Frames") project being conducted at the University of Illinois NEES facility involves a complex OpenSees building model with three physical reinforced concrete specimens. The goal of the investigation detailed in this paper evaluates the potential of using SAP2000 and ZEUS-NL structural analysis platforms for the RC Frames analytical model, and more generally, the practicality of these programs in hybrid simulation projects with complex structural systems. These tools enable a level of visualization and user interactivity that make them attractive for the efficient creation of models. The primary objective was to investigate the consistency of results through these various structural analysis tools. Additional efforts were made to study the ease of use of each software package to help inform researchers on the functionalities and shortcomings that exist.


Take the shell of camera as an example,the latest Pro/E software characteristics and die design process is introduced using Pro/E EMX elaborated the injection mold design process.Compared to the traditional design of injection mold,using the Pro/E software for 3D mold design could shorten the cycle and reduce the mold design costs greatly.


This study is designed to extend the investigation of the long-term consequences of child sexual abuse (CSA) into the workplace and to consider the effects on the economic welfare of 1,925 lesbian women from the National Lesbian Health Care Survey. It seeks to develop a two-stage, least-squares model that considers simultaneously the effects of child sexual abuse on four spheres of a woman's life-her physical health, mental health, educational attainment, and economic welfare; and to investigate the differential impacts of diverse forms of child sexual abuse on the adult woman's functioning. The CSA survivors experienced adverse health and mental health consequences. The type of CSA experienced was also a significant predictor of a woman's educational attainment and annual earnings. Key Words: child sexual abuse, lesbians, women's economic welfare, women's health, women's mental health. During the past two decades, our society has considered several central issues in the lives of women. One of these issues is the greater role women have assumed in the United States' work force. In 1992, nearly 70% of American women worked outside the home. Women will constitute nearly two-thirds of the new entrants into the U.S. labor market during the years 1986-2000. And, in 1989, one of every five families was headed by a woman (Rix, 1990). These trends indicate that economic welfare and work-related considerations are important issues in the lives of women. Also during the past two decades, the social problem of child sexual abuse (CSA) and its longterm consequences has captured public attention. Many researchers have examined the psychological consequences of child sexual abuse for women (e.g., Briere & Runtz, 1993; Peters, 1988; Stein, Golding, Siegel, Burnam, & Sorenson, 1988) as well as the health consequences (Drossman et al., 1990; Haber & Roos, 1985; HarropGriffiths et al., 1988; Zierler et al., 1991). But researchers have not yet explored the effects of child sexual abuse on a woman's functioning in the world of work. The investigation of the possible economic consequences of child sexual abuse draws on the literature regarding the study of the consequences of violence in families as well as the study of the intersections of women's physical health, mental health, and economic welfare. The intent of this paper is to consider the linkage between these two factors-CSA and its impact on lesbian women's earning potentialthrough the development of a two-stage, leastsquares model designed to calculate the total of the direct and indirect effects of CSA on the annual earnings of women. Researchers in several fields have demonstrated that an individual's well-being consists of multiple features, such as her functioning in the workplace, her psychological well-being, her family relationships, and her health, and that these features are highly correlated (Barnett & Marshall, 1991; Kessler, Turner, & House, 1989; Verbrugge, 1993; Voydanoff, 1990). Life satisfaction and well-being are, to some degree, dependent on the individual's belief that her resources are adequate to her needs (Antonovsky, 1987; Benham & Benham, 1981). Access to health and mental health supports is often determined by income and occupational status (Anson & Anson, 1987). The ability to work is often affected by health or mental health limitations (Barnett & Marshall, 1991; Chirikos & Nestel 1985; Hartmann, Kuriansky, & Owens, 1996; Waldron, 1980). Women who work outside the home may derive health and satisfaction from increased social contacts and opportunities for success (Verbrugge & Madans, 1985). These effects may differ by ethnicity and social class (Hartmann et al., 1996). Ill health and economic strains are often identified as factors in the disruption of interpersonal relationships (Barnett & Baruch, 1987; Larson, Wilson, & Beley, 1994; Voydanoff, 1990). Child sexual abuse may influence each point in a woman's advancement into the workplace, such as her decision about how much education to acquire, what occupation she chooses, or how many hours she works. …


Abstract Trigons have been studied in relation to the features surrounding them. Certain inalienable characteristics discovered are discussed. The maintenance of these characteristics is possible only if the trigons cannot alter their present dimensions. As etch pits can and do change their dimensions with continued etching, it is established that trigons differ from etch pits in this vital respect and are therefore not etch pits.


Objective: The objective of this research study was to find out the occurrence of raised IOP (Intra-ocular Pressure) following IVTA (Intra-vitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide) in the patients of diabetes and non-diabetics subjects suffering from different chorio-retinal complications. Methodology: This study was conducted in Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Teaching Hospital Abbottabad and the duration of this study was from May 2019 to April 2021. Total 237 eyes of one hundred and eighty patients were recruited with ninety patients in groups: diabetics & non-diabetics patient groups, in need of IVTA. We injected the IVTA 4.0mg/0.10 milliliter and measured the IOP at 7 days, one month, 3 months and 6 months in the patients of both groups. Results: In the group of diabetics, there were 47.80% (n: 43) males and 52.20% (n: 47) female patients, whereas in the group of non-diabetics, there were 62.20% (n: 56) male and 37.80% (n: 34) female patients. The average age of the patients in the 1st group was 52.21±9.60 years and in the patients of 2nd group was 51.13±10.75 years. Average pre-operative IOP was approximately 3.60±2.80mmHg and 14.10±2.40mmHg in first and second group correspondingly. In the patients of first group, average IOP with standard deviation was 16.40±4.90mmHg, 14.60±3.60mmHg, 17.60±9.70mmHg and 15.50±7.09mmHg at 7 days, one month, 3 months and 6 months after the injection. Whereas in the patients of second group, average IOP with standard deviation was 14.80±3.33mmHg, 15.90±4.2mmHg, 15.50±4.20 mmHg and 14.10±3.20mmHg at 7 days, one month, 3 months and 6 months during the follow up period. We observed an increase in one hundred and seventeen eyes (49.0%) in the patients of both groups, with 65.0% (n: 78) eyes in first group and 33.0% (n: 39) eyes in the patients of second group. Conclusions: After injecting the IVTA, there was a clear high rise in the level of IOP in the patients of diabetes as compared to the patients who were non-diabetics. Keywords: IVTA, IOP, complications, injection, standard deviation, average, mmHg, treatment.


Controllers for articulated robots such as an arm or a humanoid commonly need to continuously calculate complex algebraic quantities, such as the joint space inertia matrix or Jacobians. An effective and fast implementation of the calculation of these quantities is crucial to achieve complex, yet robust controllers and thus enable sophisticated behaviors in robots. Although the nature of these algebraic quantities is very well known in robotics, they do not lend themselves easily to manual implementation, because of ambiguities and the complexity in their development and use. We propose an approach that addresses this issue by relying on automatic code generation, thus relieving the user from hand crafted development. Our approach also addresses efficiency and speed, in order to satisfy the strict requirements of real time robot controllers, yet it is easy to use. We show the effectiveness of our method by means of some preliminary comparisons.


We present two 2-dimensional approaches to studying the properties of a ball moving down a rough inclined plane (a 3 dimensional system). The rst is a molecular dynamics simulation which has exposed several interesting characteristics of the two dimensional system that are absent in three dimensions. The second is a simpliied stochastic model based on the equations of motion. This model faithfully reproduces many of the experimental results of the three dimensional experiments such as viscous friction.


Summary The blood group activity in human urine has been investigated by means of inhibition of hemagglutination and the results compared to the activity of saliva. Blood Group A and B activity was the same when measured in saliva or urine, although a few urine specimens showed non-specific inhibition unless dialyzed. Ulex extract inhibiting activity was present in saliva specimens of secretors from all blood groups, whereas in urine, this activity could not be demonstrated except in specimens obtained from Group O individuals. Ulex extract is not useful, therefore, as a reagent for determining the secretor status of an individual when urine is the source of antigen.


The world is facing serious challenges regarding environmental issues. Carbon dioxide levels increase every day. In an attempt to decrease carbon emissions the automotive industry searches for lighter, stronger materials. TWinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels show an impressive combination of strength and ductility. The possibility of adding high amounts of aluminum that decreases the density while maintaining the mechanical properties makes this type of steel very interesting for use in automotive applications. The only thing keeping the TWIP steels from being used in the automotive industry is that the Yield Strength (YS) is too low. The TWIP steels usually have a YS around 400 MPa. For them to be useful in automotive applications YS around 600-700 MPa is necessary. One of the most promising ways of improving the YS is by precipitation hardening. This work has been performed within a European Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS) project called Precipitation in High Manganese steels (PrecHiMn). As the name of the project suggests, the goal of this project has been to study the precipitation in TWIP steels. The precipitation hardening is achieved through the addition of carbide and carbonitride formers such as Nb, Ti and V. In order to build advanced models to simulate precipitation it is important to have a good understanding of the thermodynamics of systems related to TWIP steels.The goal of this work has been to study the thermodynamic properties of systems related to TWIP steels, more specifically the system forming the matrix phases of TWIP steels. Therefore the Al-C-Fe-Mn system has been studied as well as the Al-Ti-V system. Complete thermodynamic descriptions that reproduce the experimental data well have been produced including descriptions of order-disorder transformations.


It was on the base of the will of power that Nietzsche built up his view of morality.Nietzsche's view of morality was anti-traditionary,who was against not only the morality in ancient Greece but also that in Christianity.What Nietzsche advocated was master morality.Master morality laid emphasis on nature,instinct and life.Master morality not only has the negative side,but also has the positive side.Its positive side contains the following three meanings: firstly,it broke through the Christian asceticism and demonstrated the validity of instinct;secondly,it examined the Christian morality thoroughly and pointed out the true problem contained in this kind or morality;thirdly,it reflected the morality of homo oeconomicus,which is true to a great extent.


Financial management is an activity planning, budgeting, audit, management, control, search and storage of funds held by an organization or a company. The object of study of operational financial management is the financial category working capital, in which financial decisions materializes in short term. The theory of operational financial management focuses precisely in this category and the influence of proper management of its components on the risk and profitability of an organization. This research work is a theoretical analysis of the operational financial management from a Marxist perspective: the consistencies and inconsistencies exist between the major economic categories are identified; and they are reflected as the linkages between the cash cycle of financial management and operational phases of the industrial capital of Marxist theory. Finally, the validity and necessity of the application of the theory of operational financial management in a socialist economy is explained. Article visualizations:


Objective
To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Quercetin , Luteolin, pigenin in Matricaria Chamomila L..

Methods
HPLC analysis was performed on Agilent Zorbox SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with the methanol and phosphoric acid as mobile phase in equal degree model, and the column temperature was set at 25 ℃, and the flow rate was 1.0 ml.min-1 and the detecting wave length was at 350 nm.

Results
The linear response ranges were from 0.25-4.04 μg of Quercetin (r=1.000, n=6) and from 0.25-3.98 μg of Luteolin (r=1.000, n=6) and 0.25-4.02 μg of Apigenin (r=1.000, n=6); and the recoveries, the precision and the stability RSD of Quercetin, Luteolin and Apigenin meet the requirements. The average recovery rate of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin was 93.64%, 95.85% and 95.40%, respectively.

Conclusions
All 3 samples in Matricaria Chamomila.L were determined by HPLC. The method is simple, rapid, and reproducible. It can be used as reference for the quality control of Matricaria Chamomila L..

Key words:
Chromatography, high pressure liquid; Matricaria Chamomila L.; Quercetin; Luteolin; Apigenin; Quality control


End stage renal disease (ESRD) and it co-morbidities do not affect patients differently based upon where they live. However access, referring to both referral for evaluation for kidney transplantation and equitable allocation of organs to those on the list, is very different depending on place of residence.(1) This is a complicated problem with many facets including regional differences in the prevalence of kidney disease, access to healthcare, availability of suitable deceased donor organs and the organ acceptance practices of transplant centers.(1) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This study designs a system of electronic classroom newsletter for elementary school students on the WWW. The 4th grade students of elementary school use the system to put their writing on the electronic classroom newsletter. The system sends an email with the electronic classroom newsletter to their parents. After experiment, the parents highly agree the system can help teacher communicate with parents.


Abstract : The primary objective of the Thermionic Systems Evaluation Test (TSET) Program was to obtain valid and sufficient information to fulfill the U.S. thermal vacuum and mechanical test requirements for space nuclear power systems. The TOPAZ-II Ya-21U System Test Plan, prepared jointly by Russian and U.S. specialists, was implemented to achieve this primary objective. A supporting objective, pursued in parallel, was to acquire valid and verifiable test results from the Russian TOPAZ-II system test program to supplement the objectives achieved during the U.S. test program.


The paper reports the effect of trichosanthin Liposome (TL) on the termination of early pregnancy(TEP) in mice in a dosage of TL 2μg/animal or Trichosanthin alone 40μg/amimal.The TEP rate of the former was 66.7% and that of the latter 70% respectively,i.e.,even a much smaller dose of TL had a marked TEP activity.TL release test in vitro revealed that the 6hr release rate was 4.6%,while the 72hr release rate reached 68.2%.Serum progesterone determination showed that the value in the TL group was 3.6±1.2ng/ml,in the Trichosanthin group waw 3.9±1.7ng/ml,while that of void liposome was 9.4±2.3ng/ml and in the physiological saline group the value came out to be 12.7±1.4ng/ml.Our results demonstrated that the form of TL preparation used was successful in termination of early pregnancy in mice.


36TH RENCONTRES D'ARLES 2005 ARLES, FRANCE JULY 5-SEPTEMBER 18, 2005 This summer's 36th edition of Rencontres d'Arles offers an open program centered around a celebration of Brazilian photography. Since 1969 the Arles festival has advocated a broad approach to the photographic medium, international in its inspiration, scope and development as well as its pedagogic objectives, adding (and emulating) the American model of workshops to its exhibition program. Rencontres d'Arles president Francois Barre, in discussing his decision to give free rein to Francois Hebel, this year's director, stated in his introduction to the catalog: [T]his is the outcome of careful consideration of the national scene and of the forces at work inside the Rencontres.... We have to be ready to assert the Rencontres d'Arles' core role as a general festival open to everything that's happening in terms of output and experimentation. This in turn means not accepting the idea of separate audiences and ways of working, while at the same time sticking to a single criterion: creativity and quality. Arles remains the benchmark festival because it covers the entire photography spectrum. This edition of Rencontres epitomizes what Hebel and Barre have brought to the festival: a new perspective--entertaining, challenging and educational. New sponsors have allowed the festival to decrease the proportion of public funds in its budget ($3,000,000 in 2005) from 90% in 2001 to 50% in 2005. Among these new sponsors, Hewlett-Packard has been highly active and visible in the festival for the past two years, offering free large-format prints and printing demonstrations as well as a series of presentations by guest lecturers (Douglas Kirkland presented this year, Joel Meyerowitz last year). The Graz Savoy insurance group and the FNAC group sponsor their own young photographer awards (the Graz Savoy Award and the FNAC European Prize). A new sponsor this year, the French wireless service provider SFR, also provided daily information and services related to the festival available via cell phones. As always, Leica sponsored the 2005 Oskar Barnack Award. Additional awards included the European Publishers Award and the four Prix des Rencontres in their second year (Discovery Award, Outreach Award, No Limit Award and Arles Book Award), created through funds donated by the Dakota investment group. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] There are four main themes for the 53 exhibitions, which are open until September 18 to allow school groups to visit. "A World Under Stress" includes Brazilian photographer Miguel Rio Branco's series "Gritos Surdos" (Muted Cries, n.d.) as well as work by fellow native Olhares Do Morro. (This is the year of "Brazil in France" and Brazilian culture is being celebrated in many venues around the country.) "A World Under Stress" also includes works by Barry Frydlender. Jacqueline Hassink and Christien Meindertsma as well as John Divola's "Dogs chasing my car in the desert" (2004). "Portraits" includes the William M. Hunt collection as well as work by Philippe Lopparelli, Mario Cravo Neto, Arthur Omar and Denis Rouvre. …


I-type ferrite inductors are prone to cracking easily after undergoing cooling and heating cycles. It is necessary to work out a method to improve reliability of the device, even if the cracking does not damage the device directly. In this paper, one failure case on product line is investigated deeply by combining finite element analysis, environmental tests and failure analysis methods. Analysis results show the internal fillet radius R of the inductor affects the stress distribution directly. When the radius size gets smaller, the stress is more concentrated, and the cracking occurs easily. The key stress will decrease by 60–90Mpa when R increases from 0.02mm to 0.7mm, which will greatly improve the reliability of the device. Moreover, the results also show the filler material of the inductor is one of key factors of improving cracking phenomenon. So it can improve the stress distribution to select the optimal filler material. To optimize the entire device, it is necessary to use the existing optimization design method of multivariate nonlinear to synthetically optimize parameters of various materials and size parameters of the device and to find out the best materials and sizes that are suitable for the current process.


To prospectively compare calf muscle BOLD MRI with transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) measurement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthy volunteers and thereby get insight into the pathogenesis of vasculopathy in this connective tissue disorder.


Direct acting fixed dose combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir to treat the viral hepatitis C disease is available in the market. So, a precise and robust stability indicating HPLC method for sofosbuvir and daclatasvir was developed. The SunQ C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm) was used for chromatographic separation with mobile phase consisting of 0.03 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 7): ACN (50: 50V/V). Optimised method satisfies the system suitability parameters with good resolution with 4.9 min Rt of sofosbuvir and 7.6 min Rt of daclatasvir. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Linearity was observed over range of 10-50 (µg mL-1) and 2.25-11.25 (µg mL-1) for sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, respectively. Both drugs were subjected to various stress conditions and high recovery values were found for daclatasvir on photolytic stress. The degradation was more on oxidative and hydrolytic stress for sofosbuvir. This optimised method offers new insight towards stability studies of both drugs.


The reaction of 1, 2-epithiodecane with diethylamine in a glass ampoule gave 1- (N, N-diethylamine) -2-decanethiol. The ratio of yield vs. conversion, (Y) / (C), was about 50% for equal molar reaction. Excess amine raised (Y) / (C) to 60%. Though higher temperature promote the reaction, (Y) / (C) decreased. Polar solvents, particularly alcohols, promoted the reaction. The addition of a small amount of alcohol, water or acetic acid promoted the reaction in a glass tube at 80°C and increased (Y) / (C). Though the reaction of 1, 2-epithiodecane with pyperidine or molpholine gave 1-amino-2-decanethiols in good yield, the expected product could not be obtained without methanol for the reaction with N-methylaniline.The reaction mechanism was considered to be a nucleophilic attack of the amine on the terminal methylene of 1, 2-epithiodecane, activated by ammonium ions.


Monitoring changes on Earth's surface is a difficult task commonly performed using multi-spectral remote sensing. The increasing availability of remote sensing platforms providing data makes multi-source approaches promising, since it can increase temporal revisit rate. However, Digital image processing techniques are needed to integrate the data, since sensors can be quite different in terms of acquisition characteristics. This work addresses the spectral normalizing of three medium spatial resolution sensors: Landsat8/OLI, Landsat-7/ETM+ and CBERS-4/MUX, through linear regression and linear mixture model approaches. The results showed slight better results when using the linear regression approach.


In this paper, the authors discuss the problem of randomly generating fixed-interval railway timetables in order to use them as scenarios when drawing up and/or analyzing specifications of future railway infrastructure. The timetables are sampled from a so-called timetable structure, which is a mixed integer system of linear inequalities, the solutions of which represent timetables and the constraints of which model physical or operational requirements. The periodicity of the timetables is expressed by an integral variable for each constraint in the timetable structure. This paper presents a heuristic approach to randomly generate train orders, given the timetable structure, according to two specific distributions.


An algorithm known as optimal channel routing (OCR) is proposed which finds an optimal solution for the channel routing problem in VLSI design. The algorithm is an A* algorithm with good heuristics and dominance rules for terminating unnecessary nodes in the searching tree. Experimental results, agreeing with theoretical analysis, show that it behaves quite well in average cases. An optimal solution is obtained for the Deutsch difficult case in 5.5-min-CPU time after the algorithm is implemented in Pascal and run on a VAX 11/750 computer. >


Aluminium is the one of the most abundant element situated in Earth's crust and using in thousands of industrial applications. In this study spectroscopic analysis for 1mm thick aluminium plates investigated and electron temperatures were calculated with using emission spectra obtained from plasma. The relation between electron temperature and shielding gas pressure, type, pulse energy, beam focus position and flow direction were observed. With using shielding gases Ar, He, N2 at different pressures the bead widths was measured.


The performances of radial-axial flow (Rushton-Maxflo impellers) and axial-radial flow (Maxflo-Rushton impellers) mixers in the laminar-transitional flow regime were experimentally and numerically investigated with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The rheological properties for a fermentation broth consisting of the fungus Beauveria bassiana were studied under different hydrodynamic conditions in these systems. The bioreactor was a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), set at different stirring velocities. The rheology of the systems exhibited shear-thinning behavior which was modeled with the power law model. The experimental hydrodynamics and configuration modes were compared and simulated with a model fluid system and by numerical criteria (computational fluid dynamics). The R-M mode was found to be more efficient than the M-R rotating mode in terms of energy and homogenization time. The results will help in the optimization of scale-up production of these fungi.


1. At its seventeenth session, the General Conference mandated UNIDO to develop a strategic framework for cooperation with middle-income countries (MICs) (GC17/Res.6). This important step came five years after the landmark San José Declaration, entitled "Challenges for Sustainable Development and International Cooperation in Middle-Income Countries: The Role of Networks for Prosperity" (IDB.41/Dec.4), which was adopted in June 2013, and two years after the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).


The process of conjugation in protozoa involves either temporary or permanent union of two individuals. During this union there is a fusion of nuclear material from both organisms resulting in the formation of new cleavage nuclei in each exconjugant. The process is directly comparable with fertilization of an egg by a spermatozoön, and the biological significance of the phenomena involved is probably identical in all living things. Since 1876 it has been generally assumed that one effect of conjugation is rejuvenescence or renewal of vitality in both of the exconjugants. This assumption has never been submitted to experimental proof. In his Paramecium work, begun in 1901, the author almost had the proof, but allowed the opportunity for obtaining it to slip through his fingers without realizing its importance at the time. The author's object in bringing this up at the present time is to announce that on the last day of February (1905) he started a new series of experiments with Paramecium, consisting of three different lines at present in about the fortieth generation after conjugation, mainly for the purpose of completing his earlier work. Another point of general biological importance will also be investigated. In his original experiments the author found strong evidence that the old view that both exconjugants are rejuvenated is erroneous. In twenty pairs which were cultivated after separating from conjugation, one individual of each pair invariably out-lived the other, thus indicating an incipient fertilization like that in metazoa. This phenomenon will be given careful study in the experiments now under way.


ney walked with God" provide the connecting threads between the chapters. Sheriffs explores what it means to view life as a journey walked with God, the concept of the fear of the Lord, the issues of confronting God in anger and despair, guilt, restoration, and facing the mundane reality of life. He also considers the way in which one may recontextualize ancient Israel's spirituality for contemporary living.


This account tells the story of Che, a Spanish hairdresser whose working life has been turned upside down by breast cancer.


Described is a method of analyzing a photolithography process which includes: obtaining a line image having a first line and a second line parallel to each other, measuring the line widths between the first and the second line with a constant distance in the longitudinal direction of the line image, changing the measured line widths into a profile graph, and separating the profile graph into a profile graph of a low frequency range and a profile graph of a high frequency range. [Reference numerals] (S110) Form a pattern on a wafer by performing a photolithographic process; (S120) Obtain a pattern image; (S130) Generate a line image by profiling the pattern image; (S140) Measure a line width of the line image; (S150) Depict the measured line width in a profile graph; (S160) Convert and separate the profile graph into a graph of a low frequency range and a high frequency range of a frequency domain; (S170) Convert the separated graphs of the low frequency range and high frequency range into a low frequency profile graph and a high frequency profile graph; (S180) Analyze the low frequency profile graph and the high frequency profile graph


The context of a particular disease and the subsequent infant hospitalization may generate mixed feelings related to pain and healing on the part of a child and its family. Thus, assistance to this population is a complex task that involves the child, the family and the healthcare team which provides such assistance. In this scenario the nursing undergraduates are also involved. These students are also affected by the events that take place in a hospital, as part of the process of learning about nursing interventions directed at children and their families. This situation, therefore, triggers feelings of anguish and fear regarding the expectations of those involved and the performance of necessary procedures during the childcare process. In this situation, the teacher becomes the reference poing for the student, in terms of having knowledge of the childcare practice, the ability to spread disseminate it, and the expertise to support students when coming face-to-face with adverse situations. In view of the problems exposed, the general objective of the research is to understand the experience of the nursing students in the field of clinical practice in child health. Specific objectives: describe the perceptions (experienced meaning) of final year nursing students regarding the care of hospitalized children; build an educational technology with an emphasis on the training of health professionals and teachers who work in the area of child health. Methodology: This is a descriptive study in which we adopted a qualitative approach that used self-reporting as a technique for data collection. We interviewed 30 nursing undergraduates in February and March 2013. The comments expressed in the interviews were analyzed in the light of the existential phenomenological approach of Merleau-Ponty. Results: Data analysis revealed three categories, namely the dialectic of self and others. These take the form of: fear and insecurity when faced with the challenge of providing care under the scrutiny of the lecturer, families and professionals; intersubjectivity as Ineinander (involvement, imbrication) between the student nurse and the child; psychophysical dualism as heritage of the cartesian-biomedical model in education. The categories that emerged showed the perspectives of the phenomenon under consideration and showed how nursing students express their perceptions when taking care of hospitalized children. It was observed that all the students had an affinity for the care and perceptions of hospitalized children, watching them and expressing different emotions and feelings. Conclusion: This study allowed us to understand and reflect upon the perceptions and expectations that nursing students from a private institution show regarding hospitalized children who are in need of care. The product arising from the research was an experiential video involving former students of the nursing course who have lived the experience of entering the same clinical field as the neophyte undergraduates. This technology can be used as a training strategy for healthcare professionals dealing with children, and for the guidance of students who are starting practical education in this field.


In the development of the enterprise informatization,information isolated-island was an extrusive problem to counteract informatization development.It was analyzed some reasons to generate information isolated-island in enterprise informatization process and suggested some countermeasures to change information isolated-island.


Objective
To investigate the clinical effect of non-invasive external fixation combined with special manipulation on patients with distal radius fracture.

Methods
A total of 126 patients with distal radius fractures who were treated in the 113th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army from March 2016 to February 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the treatment, with 63 cases in each groups. The control group was treated with traditional techniques and external fixation with paper splint. The observation group was treated with non-invasive external fixation combined with special manipulation of traditional Chinese medicine. The clinical efficacy, post-treatment grip score, healing time, humeral height, ulnar angle and palm tilt angle and complications were observed and compared between the two groups.

Results
The excellent rate of treatment in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The grip strength score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The healing time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the tibia height, ulnar deviation and palm tilt angle of the two groups were improved after treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of symptoms was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Non-invasive external fixation combined with traditional manipulation techniques can significantly improve the treatment effect on patients with distal radius fractures. This treatment method improve the grip strength of patients after treatment, shorten the healing time and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. This method also can promote the early recovery of patients, with high clinical application value, and it is worthy of application promotion.

Key words:
Non-invasive external fixation; Traditional special manipulation; Distal radius fracture; Clinical effect


Diabetic dyscontrol is defined as the persistence of erratic blood glucose levels in the adolescent with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who demonstrates proven knowledge of management. It results in multiple recurrent life-threatening episodes of ketoacidosis causing extensive familial disruption, stagnation of education, social isolation, and fragmentation of medical care.A program for treating children with diabetic dyscontrol is described. The patient is hospitalized for an extended period (3-12 months) while a total reeducation process occurs. The focus of treatment is on uncovering the underlying factors responsible for the loss of control and to alter the patient/family relationship so that effective reintroduction into society may occur. A team of professionals consisting of physicians, nurses, psychologists, social workers, nutritionists, and recreational specialists address the specific needs of the patient, using a variety of therapeutic modalities. A series of graduated home passes challenge the patient by reinserting him/her into the community to which he/she may return. Following discharge, the patient is seen by members of the treatment team to provide ongoing support, education, and medical surveillance at regularly scheduled intervals.The success of the program is related to the ability to correctly identify sources of conflict in the patient-family dyad, and to break the cycle of inappropriate and harmful interactions.


The recently discovered mercury-based cuprates represent a large family of high-Tc superconductors, HgBa2Can–1CunO2n+2+δ whose Tc can reach 133 K. They have proved difficult to synthesize as single phases and are very sensitive to moisture and CO2. The highly oxygen-deficient character of the [HgOδ] mercury layer, intercalated between two [BaO] layers, is one of the keys of the system. Partial substitution of mercury by foreign cations which exhibit a higher valency than HgII provides a means of stabilizing such structures, since this allows the oxygen vacancies of the mercury layers to be partially filled. Several series of new mercury-based superconductors, Hg1–xMxBa2Can–1CunO2n+2+δ and Hg1–xMxSr2Can–1CunO2n+2+δ, have been isolated according to this method, with M = Bi, Pb, Pr, Cu, Cr, Mn, V, Mo, Nb, Re, Ti and W; the regular members of the different families correspond to n=1, 2 and 3, but complex members such as n= 2.5 can be stabilized. An overview of the structure of these mercury-based compounds, close to those of the thallium cuprates, as well as their superconducting properties, are presented here. Another class of mercury-based superconducting compounds is reported, the oxycarbonates Hg1–xMx(Ba,Sr)4Cu2O6+δCO3, whose structures are generated by the intergrowth of '1201' and 'Sr2CuO2CO3' units and shearing mechanisms.


Translational vibrations of isolated polarized domain wall in yttrium iron garnet caused by a repetitive pulses of sawtooth driving magnetic field are investigated by inductive technique. The effects associated with the interaction between moving wall and dynamic defects responsible for magnetic after-effect were observed in the real-time signals of the wall velocity. Magnetization loops corresponding to isolated domain wall motion are shown to be of perminvar type at the pulsed sawtooth field excitation and normal type at continuous field. The potential energy profile of the wall which has the form of a narrow asymmetric potential well was determined by numerical processing of experimental data. Resolution of the potential well by vibrating wall was studied using the data at different time delay after the beginning of the field pulses. >


The influences of various process parameters on saturated absorption capacity of PA-A to SO2 and oxidation of SO2 in absorbing solution were investigated with the dynamic absorption method in a packed tower with simulated flue gas,such as initial pH,content of PA-A in absorbent,temperature,gas to liquid ratio(G/L),SO2 concentration of inlet flue gas and reuse times of absorbent.Experimental results indicated that saturated absorption capacity of PA-A to SO2 reached 0.529 mol(SO2)·mol-1(PA-A)and oxidation rate of SO2 in absorbent solution was 12.17% with absorbent initial pH 4.71,content of PA-A 0.1 mol/L,absorption temperature 60 ℃,L/G=16(V/V) and SO2 concentration of inlet flue gas 15000 mg/m3.The saturated absorption capacity of PA-A to SO2 decreased to 62.2% approximately when the absorbent was reused four times and oxidation rate of SO2 in absorbing solution decreased to 0 after three cycles.


The pH-dependence of the 13C, 13C spin–spin coupling constants of ascorbic acid indicates which of the mesomeric forms best describes the anion.


Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a malignant epithelial tumor extremely rare in minor salivary glands. This manuscript describes two cases of SDC of the minor salivary glands with different clinical behaviors. The first patient was an 80-year-old man who had SDC (T1N0M0) in the upper buccal fornix and the second patient was a 64-yearold man with a tumor (T2N2cM0) in the soft palate. Patients were treated with radical surgical resection and none patient underwent postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Histopathologically, the lesions showed proliferation of ductal cells with varying degrees of nuclear pleomorphism arranged in solid and cribriform structures and prominent comedonecrosis. The patient with SDC in the soft palate developed metastases and died shortly after diagnosis while the patient with SDC in upper alveolar ridge is alive without disease for over 6 years of follow-up. Although SDC is aggressive, anatomical site and precocious diagnosis are relevant factors for better prognosis.


In this work, three typical morphologies of SERS substrates with the compositions of Au nanoparticles, short Au nanowires (NWs) with small Au nanoparticles filled in the nanogaps and long Au NWs intertwined into a self-supporting film, were fabricated by a versatile nanocluster fabrication technique. This physical fabrication technique is easy to implement and cost-effective, and the fabricated SERS substrates have a large-area, good homogeneity and long-term stability. More importantly, the SERS substrates prepared by this physical method will not incorporate reductants and surfactant chemicals, and thus can yield clean surfaces, which are suitable for analytes with a weak affinity to the substrate surface. In this study, the fabricated substrate with the highest enhancement factor (EF) successfully acquired the SERS spectrum of sodium cyclamate, a restricted food additive, with a good signal–noise-ratio. Finally, a set of piece-wise linear equations were produced according to the correlation between SERS intensity and sodium cyclamate concentration with a detection limit of 1.6 × 10−9 M.


This paper simply introduces Comenius' Magna Didactic and interprets the connotation of the arts of information literacy education.Through practical educating examples,this paper discusses the concrete manifestation of educational art.Meanwhile,it reveals how to annotates teaching art,hoping to promote students' comprehensive development.


Background : Cancer is a public health problem worldwide affecting all categories of persons. It is the second common cause of death in developed countries and among the three leading causes of death in developing countries. Objective : To compare the patterns of malignant childhood tumours in two tertiary hospitals in the north- Western and South western Nigeria. Methods : Retrospective studies of childhood malignancies diagnosed at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano and Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) (Ife Hospital Unit, Ile-Ife and Wesley Guild Hospital Unit, Ilesa, Osun state) were undertaken from January, 2001 to December, 2010. The patterns of childhood cancers in these hospitals were compared. Results : Four hundred and ten children aged 7 months to 15 years were admitted at AKTH with malignancies of which 236 were males and 174 females with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. At OAUTHC, 568 children aged two months to 15 years were admitted with malignancies over the ten year period. There were 401 males and 167 females, with male to female ratio of 2.4:1. Lymphomas were the commonest type of malignancy in both centers, which accounted for 47.3% and 59.7% at AKTH and OAUTHC respectively. Retinoblastoma was the second commonest tumour at AKTH constituting 14.9% of all malignancies followed by nephroblastoma and acute leukemias. In contrast, acute leukemias were the second commonest malignancy at OAUTHC accounting for 12.7% of all malignancies followed by retinoblastoma and nephroblastoma. Tumours of central nervous system were observed to be commoner at AKTH, while bone tumours were commoner at OAUTHC. Conclusion : The pattern of childhood cancer varies rather little between different regions in Nigeria, with malignant lymphomas being the most common as is the case in most developing countries. However, the findings in this study suggest that there is variation in prevalence of leukemia, CNS and bone tumours in northern and southern Nigeria. Key words : Childhood, malignant tumours, pattern, teaching hospitals, Nigeria


www.teamcorporation.com SSTS Subsidiary Shock Test System The SSTS was born of the desire to impose identical shockwave profiles, repeatedly and with minimal set up and test preparation time. Working with NAVSEA's Underwater Explosion Research and Development (UERD) scientists, Team engineers designed and demonstrated the SSTS's ability to reproduce the measured environment time history accurately and to replicate the severe acceleration and high velocity energy generated during a violent explosion.


The development of the Internet and the emergence of smart devices have brought about significant changes in the existing shopping structure and shopping patterns, and have resulted in notable qualitative growth and development in everyday life of consumers. In particular, the shopping structure is changing in the form of an Omni Channel to maximize customer's purchase experience. However, since Omni Channel is focused on maximizing customer's purchase experience, there is a lack of product information (price, refund policy, shipping information, location of supply store, etc.) per channel. As a result, it takes a long time until the final purchase decision is made. Similarly, from the viewpoint of distributors, there is a lack of consistency of product information in the distribution process, such as the expiration date of the product, inventory management. In this paper, we propose a solution to solve the problems of existing "Customer-oriented Omni Channel" by using multimedia (image and voice) identification technology and to provide consumers and distributors with sufficient and consistent information for purchase and management of products.


Outline-style instructions of sound reinforcement in stadium or museum are made in this paper.The main functional and performance requirements of stadium PA system are introduced,as well as the composition of PA system in large stadiums,and several important technical principles of PA design of stadiums.


This paper introduces the way to solve the problem of the screw centrifugal impeller rotating balance in designing impeller of screw centrifugal pump, according to mechanics theory about rotating balance and using three-dimensions CAD software functions. In this way, reaching fairly synthesize actual effect to improve product quantity and raise pump work efficiency, while reduced impeller weight and manufacture cost.


We relate two formulations of the recently constructed double field theory to a frame-like geometrical formalism developed by Siegel. A self-contained presentation of this formalism is given, including a discussion of the constraints and its solutions, and of the resulting Riemann tensor, Ricci tensor and curvature scalar. This curvature scalar can be used to define an action, and it is shown that this action is equivalent to that of double field theory.


A process control scheme is developed in which decisions as to the frequency of sampling are made based upon the choice of an Average Outgoing Quality Limit. The scheme utilizes plotted points on a U-control chart for defects and the theory of runs to determine when to switch among Reduced, Normal, Tightened, and 100 percent inspection. The scheme is formulated as a semi-Markov process to derive steady stale equations for the probabilities of being in Reduced, Normal, Tightened, or 100 percent inspection and for Average Outgoing Quality and Average Fraction Inspected. The resulting system and the computer programs used to derive it are discussed.


We present an approach for blind image deblurring, which handles non-uniform blurs. Our algorithm has two main components: (i) A new method for recovering the unknown blur-field directly from the blurry image, and (ii) A method for deblurring the image given the recovered non-uniform blur-field. Our blur-field estimation is based on analyzing the spectral content of blurry image patches by Re-blurring them. Being unrestricted by any training data, it can handle a large variety of blur sizes, yielding superior blur-field estimation results compared to training-based deep-learning methods. Our non-uniform deblurring algorithm is based on the internal image-specific patch-recurrence prior. It attempts to recover a sharp image which, on one hand – results in the blurry image under our estimated blur-field, and on the other hand – maximizes the internal recurrence of patches within and across scales of the recovered sharp image. The combination of these two components gives rise to a blind-deblurring algorithm, which exceeds the performance of state-of-the-art CNN-based blind-deblurring by a significant margin, without the need for any training data.


A lognormal interconnection length distribution function is derived from a large number of VLSI layouts. The assumption of a Weibull distribution could not be confirmed. Hierarchical slicing trees are derived from structural descriptions of the sample systems by recursive partitioning. Using the earlier proposed area estimation results, a new model for interconnection length estimation based on slicing trees is proposed, also resulting in a lognormal length distribution with parameters close to the layout results. We therefore believe that the results are a step forward towards understanding and predicting interconnection lengths and logical path delays before layout.


Objective Iguratimod is an antirheumatic drug, launched in September 2012 in Japan. During post-marketing surveillance, severe side effects, such as bleeding and coagulopathies, were reported upon concomitant use with the anticoagulant agent, warfarin. To investigate whether this drug-drug interaction(DDI)occurred through inhibition of metabolism, the effects of iguratimod and its metabolite M2 (N-acetylated metabolite), a major metabolite of iguratimod in human plasma on the metabolism of S-warfarin were examined. Furthermore, the in vivo DDIs between iguratimod and cytochrome P450 2C9(CYP2C9)substrates were predicted from the in vitro data. Methods The in vitro inhibitory effects of iguratimod and M2 on the metabolism of S-warfarin were examined using human liver microsomes. In addition, CYP2C9 substrates diclofenac and celecoxib were also used as references in the study. Based on the data from this study and other literatures, the increases in area under the concentration-time curve(AUC)of S-warfarin, diclofenac, and celecoxib when used concomitantly with iguratimod were estimated using static or dynamic model approaches. Results Iguratimod and M2 inhibited the metabolism of S-warfarin, with IC50 values of 14.7 and 21.0μmol╱L, respectively. Iguratimod and M2 also inhibited CYP2C9 substrate metabolism, with IC50 values of 11.7 and 22.1μmol╱L for diclofenac, and 8.22 and 17.7μmol╱L for celecoxib, respectively. The AUC increase of celecoxib when used concomitantly with iguratimod was estimated to be 1.16 using a dynamic model, although those of S-warfarin, diclofenac, and celecoxib were estimated to be 1.22-, 1.16- and 1.34-fold, respectively, using static model approach. Conclusion The results in this study suggest that iguratimod would not affect the exposure of these concomitant drugs, although iguratimod and M2 do inhibit CYP2C9-catalyzed metabolism.


Marketing managers will face new kinds of problems during the coming decade as industry and company structures become more complex, and as environmental pressures increase. The author explores some of the anticipated trends of the 1970s and their effects on marketing organization and methods.


A 38-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room because of head trauma. A blood sample obtained for "type and screen" contained clear, normal-appearing plasma after centrifugation (see figure, A, left). Several minutes later, a second blood sample was obtained (see figure, B), which contained slightly cherry-colored, milk cream–like supernatant plasma (see figure, A, right). In the interim, the patient had been started on a propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol; Propofol Lipuro, B. Braun, Barcelona, Spain) infusion because of agitation (bolus of 2 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg/hr). The second blood sample was obtained from the arm opposite to the propofol infusion. Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic agent used in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is not soluble in water and is formulated as a white, oil-in-water emulsion (see figure, C) containing soybean oil, glycerol, and egg lecithin. Although its pharmacokinetic half-life in plasma is brief, a blood sample collected during infusion or soon afterward may be extremely lipemic and interfere with the interpretation of blood transfusion compatibility tests.


This paper has systematically summarized the situation of college English teaching reform of our university in recent years. It has also proposed new thinking of further reform,innovation and scientific development.


The largest and most productive mine in Saudi Arabia in ancient and modern times has been Mand adh Dhahab. Country rocks in the district are pyroclastic and clastic rocks that belong to the Halaban group of late Precambrian age. From oldest to youngest, the units are: andesite, lower agglomer-ate, lower tuff, upper agglomerate, and upper tuff. These units have been tilted northerly forming a homocline and are complexly broken by six sets of faults; three of these sets, which strike N.25°-30°W., N.10°W. to N.20°E., and N.30°-60°E. contain productive quartz veins.


Three different feature extractions techniques Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Mel-Frequency Ceptral Coefficient (MFCC), and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are parallelized in this study and used for classification. The Evolutionary Neural Network (ENN) is used as a classifier. In the scope of classification, ENN is a new technique that can be effectively used as a classifier. This research will help to extract the features in the most efficient way with less computation time in real life use. The parallel FFT, MFCC and DWT are developed in C# for multicore using .Net framework 4.0. The .Net framework offers comprehensive and flexible threads APIs that allow the efficient implementation of multithreaded application.


Relativistic electron beam propagation in plasma is fraught with several micro instabilities like two stream, filamentation, etc., in plasma. This results in severe limitation of the electron transport through a plasma medium. Recently, however, there has been an experimental demonstration of improved transport of Mega Ampere of electron currents (generated by the interaction of intense laser with solid target) in a carbon nanotube structured solid target [G. Chatterjee et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 235005 (2012)]. This then suggests that the inhomogeneous plasma (created by the ionization of carbon nanotube structured target) helps in containing the growth of the beam plasma instabilities. This manuscript addresses this issue with the help of a detailed analytical study and 2-D Particle-In-Cell simulations. The study conclusively demonstrates that the growth rate of the dominant instability in the 2-D geometry decreases when the plasma density is chosen to be inhomogeneous, provided the scale length 1/ks of the inhomogeneous plasma is less than the typical plasmaskin depth (c/ω0) scale. At such small scale lengths channelization of currents is also observed in simulation.


The performance of acoustic models degrades notably in noisy environments. Speech enhancement (SE) can be used as a front-end strategy to aid automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, existing training objectives of SE methods are not fully effective at integrating speech-text and noisy-clean paired data for training toward unseen ASR systems. In this study, we propose a general denoising framework, D4AM, for various downstream acoustic models. Our framework fine-tunes the SE model with the backward gradient according to a specific acoustic model and the corresponding classification objective. In addition, our method aims to consider the regression objective as an auxiliary loss to make the SE model generalize to other unseen acoustic models. To jointly train an SE unit with regression and classification objectives, D4AM uses an adjustment scheme to directly estimate suitable weighting coefficients rather than undergoing a grid search process with additional training costs. The adjustment scheme consists of two parts: gradient calibration and regression objective weighting. The experimental results show that D4AM can consistently and effectively provide improvements to various unseen acoustic models and outperforms other combination setups. Specifically, when evaluated on the Google ASR API with real noisy data completely unseen during SE training, D4AM achieves a relative WER reduction of 24.65% compared with the direct feeding of noisy input. To our knowledge, this is the first work that deploys an effective combination scheme of regression (denoising) and classification (ASR) objectives to derive a general pre-processor applicable to various unseen ASR systems. Our code is available at https://github.com/ChangLee0903/D4AM.


A 'Marine Fish Calendar' for Minicoy is presented here based on the .data collected during April, 1984 to March, 1987. Pole and line and surface trolling gears were responsible for about 95.85% and 4.14% respectively of the total fish landed; catch by hooks and line was negligible (0.01 %).


Abstract Euschoengastia whitakeri n. sp. is described from the Smoky Shrew, Sorex fumeus, taken in Crawford and Harrison counties, Indiana. Placement of Trombicula jamesoni in the genus Euschoengastia is also discussed.


The synthesis of Papthion® and papoxon, optically active at the α-carbon of the α-ethoxycarbonylbenzyl moiety, was described. The optical isomers of papthion and papoxon exhibited a marked selectivity in the toxicity and anticholinesterase activity, respectively. d-Papthion was more toxic to mosquitoes, rice stem borers, diamond back moths and mice than the l-isomer. In contrast, l-papthion was more toxic to houseflies, and less toxic to mice and other insects than the d-isomer. Selectivity in toxicity appears to be directly related to the selective inhibition in vitro of acetylcholinesterase by the optical isomers of papoxon.