After a description of the concept and features of pure network electronic journals,the quantitative indications as well as the foreign and domestic authoritative tools for their assessment were introduced,followed by a prediction of their future assessment system.


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The paper shows how the aeronautical heritage is affected by airborne pollutants and the air temperature-humidity complex. Monitoring meteorological and environmental data in a heritage site intended for protection, these effects are analyzed. The starting point is thus the acquisition of the meteorological and environmental data from the intended hangar with stored historical aircrafts taken part in fights of the second world war. The following step is an evaluation of the penetration of moisture into the hangar environment from outside. This moisture penetration is deducted from wet/dry cycles obtained from air humidity and temperature fluctuations in the hangar environment. In addition, an evolution of the aircraft surface temperature is pertinent to potential moisturizing the aircraft surface. As a measure of moisture penetration, a time of wetness (ToW) is determined indoors. Furthermore, pollutants infiltrated into the hangar environment are derived from a standardized methodology. Beside the pollution infiltration, the indoor generated pollution is estimated per material from which the historic aircrafts are constituted. Because of major material in the aircraft, the deposition rate of indoor pollutants onto an aluminum alloy is determined by means of a standardized statistical model. Finally, monitoring the hangar environment, the heritage aircraft vulnerability to corrosion is estimated based on atmosphere corrosivity modeling.


The second-ranking officer in the Notre Dame adm inistration will leave the University July 1 to become the president o f Wake Forest U n ive rs ity in W instonSalem, North Carolina, the Wake Forest board o f trustees announced Friday. U n ive rs ity P rovost Nathan Hatch, who joined the Notre Dame faculty in 1975 and has overseen its academic affa irs as provost since 1996, w ill replace Thomas Hearn, Jr., to become Wake Forest's 13 th president. " I t 's not a job that I sought," Hatch said. "We think it 's the right thing to do at this moment, but it's also painful because we have such strong feelings for Notre Dame and its people." Wake Forest's p re s id e n tia l search committee chose Hatch after meeting with him and his w ife , Ju lie , in Novem ber and


Foreign investment in Indonesia has been going on since Dutch colonial times to the present . Foreign investment will affect the joints - joints economy in our country , among others, the presence of foreign investors the sector - a sector of the economy in our country will grow. With the growing sectors - sectors of the economy in our country , it will bring the impact of liberalization on the national economy . This means that the sector - the economy will grow and flourish . The presence of foreign investors is expected to bring a change in the sector - the sector of the national economy such as funding , technology , and expertise . It is expected that the government can play an active role in utilizing foreign investment to facilitate access into the world of business in Indonesia but without marginalizing local entrepreneurs . Foreign capital inflows ( capital inflows ) play a role in closing the income gap caused by a deficit in the current account . In addition , the influx of foreign capital is also able to drive the economic activity slow due to lack of capital ( investment- saving gap ) for the implementation of economic development . This foreign capital than as a capital transfer can also make a positive contribution through the flow of industrialization and modernization . In the short term , foreign debt greatly assist the Indonesian government in an effort to close the budget deficit of income and expenditure, due to finance routine expenditure and development expenditure is quite large. Thus, the rate of economic growth can be driven in accordance with predetermined targets . Keywords: foreign investment, liberalization,  the national economy


Abstract The multifactorial aetiology of impotence makes its diagnosis often difficult. Hormonal and vascular factors predominate among the organic etiologies and they can usually be diagnosed with currently available techniques. Neurological causes for impotence are more difficult to determine. Impotence of a psychogenic aetiology remains a difficult diagnosis to reach since there are no biological markers to establish with certainty the presence of such factors. The management approach frequently requires a comprehensive effort in order to solve the various causes. Currently available techniques usually permit the successful penile rigidity for vaginal penetration. It must be understood, however, that a rigid penis represents only a partial solution to the problem. Psychological, social, and marital factors must be dealt with simultaneously in order to reach what can be considered successful therapy.


Sulphidic skarn in an exo-contact zone between diorite and Triassic carbonates contains the Mn-rich minerals ferroan alabandite (Mn0.84-0.89Fe0.11-0.16S), manganoferroan sphalerite (Zn0.37-0.76Mn0.01-0..36Fe0.22-0.28S), hubnerite, manganoan magnesio horn- blende, and Mn-carbonates. The Mn-content in sphalerite (up to 21.4 wt. %) is the highest ever recorded in hydrothermal settings. Magnetite and sulphides like galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite are also present. Anhydrite is ubiquitous as inclusions in sulphide minerals and crystals in drusy cavities, postdating hydrothermal Ca-Mn-Fe carbonates. Primary aqueous inclusions with variable salinity (2.9-44.8 wt. % NaCl eq.) occur in sphalerite and Mn-calcite. The fl uid inclusions locally exhibit textural evidence for heterogeneous entrapment of boiling fl uids. Crystallization temperatures of 300-350 °C were obtained from various mineral geothermometers, δ 34 S values in coexisting galena and sphalerite, and infrared fl uid inclusion microthermometry. The observed anhydrite-chalcopyrite-magnetite-pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite-alabandite assemblage constrains fO2 and fS2values to -34.5 ± 1.5 and -12.5 ± 0.5 log units, respectively, at 300 °C and atmospheric pressure. Together with an assemblage of silicate minerals (chlorite, sericite, K-feldspar, hyalophane) and high-salinity fl uids, the calculated oxygen and sulphur fugacities are consistent with an inter- mediate sulphidation hydrothermal system. The increased δ 34 S values of the ore-forming fl uids, 2-2.5 ‰, result from the disequi- librium isotopic exchange between mantle-derived H2S and marine sulphate.


Eugenic dreams of re‐making people have taken on a new reality against the background of scientific and technological developments in modern genetics. Thus, it seems all the more important to recall the historical experience with the concept of "Rassenhygiene" in the early 20th century and during the Nazi period in Germany. The central ideas that the Nazis tried to implement, had already been formulated by the German eugenic movement before 1933: eugenic perfection combined with "volkisch" and racial purity. This movement and these ideas spread to the educational discourse. Eugenic or "rassenhygienisch" concepts of education were intended to spread eugenic knowledge, to foster a new eugenic ethic, and to instil a new selective attitude in sexual choice. In addition, structural reforms of educational systems were sought in the direction of intensified selectivity, especially of groups and individuals supposed to be not worth living.


Abstract Aim:  To determine if videotapes about newborn circumcision would be superior to traditional physician 'informed consent' discussion for maternal knowledge, satisfaction and perception of provider bias.


Graphitic carbon nitride is of interest for its intercalation, ion exchange, and redox properties as it exhibits high catalytic activity. Besides, its high nitrogen content and facile synthesis procedure may provide a good balance between activity and durability. We report novel g‐C3N4 based MOF as a novel electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Two methods are involved in the catalytic synthesis, namely the hydrothermal method for the Cu/Ni MOF and its composites synthesis, and g‐C3N4 is obtained by pyrolysis of melamine. To explore the structural and morphological properties, all the catalysts were eventually characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX techniques, whereas cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed the electrochemical response for the oxidation of methanol in 3 M methanol and 1 M NaOH on modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical results illustrate that as the amount of g‐C3N4 increases current density for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The maximum current density is 103.42 mA/cm2 shown by Cu/Ni MOF@5 wt% g‐C3N4 at 0.9 V while the scan rate is 50 mV/s. Thus, graphitic carbon nitride addition in MOF composites enhanced its durability and high carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance makes active catalysts in alkaline electrolyte.


ABSTRACT: Globalization places greater emphasis on the development of transnational alliances. The greatest benefits from alliances are derived from high-level information sharing, but vulnerability escalates with information sharing. This study examines risk in transnational alliances based on a theoretical model drawing from enterprise risk management (ERM) as a strategic management effort. This theoretical model posits that ERM strategies focus on business risk as the primary determinant of alliance partner selection and continuity, particularly within global relationships, whereas prior management control research focused on trust. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of ERM on risk and trust associated with transnational alliances and the resulting impact on interorganizational information sharing. Survey data are gathered from 200 senior-level managers monitoring transnational alliances. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypothesized relationships. Results provide str...


Feasibility tests in virtual reality for nuclear power plant maintenance or dismantling operations are a source of problems for motion planning because finding a way in a cluttered environment is not easy for the bulky loads, mobile devices and robots used in such operations. Standard probabilistic roadmap methods (PRM) have been successfully used to answer such feasibility problems. These methods provide, at the most a single solution but do not provide a complete overview of the possible motions which have to be evaluated in a complete engineering task. We focus here on the open question of building probabilistic roadmaps which can provide an exhaustive list of all the solutions which can not be distorted from one to another while staying collision free. We call such roadmaps homotopy preserving probabilistic roadmap (HPPR). We propose a new algorithm for creating HPPR.


The Cyclone Incinerator at Mound Laboratory, funded by the Division of Waste Management, Production and Reprocessing of ERDA, is capable of handling various types of combustible radioactive wastes, either by batch or by continuous feed. In batch operation, the burn chamber is a 55-gallon drum which permits the in-situ burning of wastes directly in the storage drum. Off-the-shelf components have been used in the design of this concept, thus minimizing fabrication and maintenance costs. The simplicity of the design permits multiple burning chambers to be attached to a single off-gas handling unit. This unique modularity will permit the adaptation of the Cyclone Incinerator to a wide range of throughput requirements. The incinerator can also be adapted for high level wastes requiring remote operations.


Examination of several drumlins in the Caledonia drumlin field of southern Ontario reveals inverse-graded units occurring from the surface to near bedrock. These units were found within a two-till, conformable sequence. Evidence indicates that the two tills, on the basis of provenance and geochemical and geotechnical characteristics, are subfacies of a single depositional phase. Fine subunits within each inverse-graded unit have above average calcium and magnesium contents and exhibit pore-wall cutan formation. Below average calcium and magnesium contents occur within coarse subunits, and no cutans were observed. In explaining this differentiation and the cause of inverse grading, a hypothesis is suggested of pore-water migrating contemporaneously with localized and episodic till "lodging" or deposition from a mobile, basal tractive load. For the drumlins revealing these inverse-graded units, it is thought that an accretion–depositional model is most likely for formation from an initiating nucleal patch o...


Polyvinyl alkyl ester of carboxylic acids are a family of macromolecules in which the side chain esters (pendant groups) increase in molar mass and hydrophobicity and decrease in structural polarity as the number of carbons in the carboxylic acid increases. The most important polymer in this family is Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc). The Solubility Parameter (δ) is a unique physical property of any polymeric material and can be a useful guide to understanding the miscibility or compatibility of two polymeric substances. It is therefore essential in working with polymeric blends of PVAc that the experimental solubility parameter be accurately and precisely known. We have experimentally determined the solubility parameter of food grade PVAc by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several different molecular weight PVAc samples (ranging from 11K -75K Daltons) in four different solvents (acetone, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene,) at 25°C using glass capillary viscometry. We also estimated the solubility parameter using the principles of group additivity contribution due to the atoms, groups and bonds present in PVAc based on the theories of Small, Hoy, and Van Krevelen. The Mark-Houwink constants for PVAC in the four solvents were also experimentally determined. Our experimentally determined solubility parameter was 9.35 (cal/cm3)1/2 which compared well with the computational values obtained by Hoy (9.56), Small (9.45) and Van Krevelen (9.27).


This bachelor thesis deals with onboard diagnostics of motor vehicles. He mentions of onboard diagnostics and it´s primary purpose. Other sections are devoted to Scania truck. Describes systems EGR and SCR to reduce emissions in exhaust Gates. There are also mentioned some of the sensors used on the engines. The distribution service intervals trucks. Finally, there is described a program SDP3 used truck manufacturer Scania. It´s range of applications and a the end results are of practical measurements carried out on vehicle.


Determining public interest in marketing banking services using data mining techniques. Prospect segmentation is one of the processes used in the marketing strategy of the banking industry. Data mining support plays an important role in classifying potential bank customers and evaluating the success of marketing their services. This is important to support the conclusion about the success rate of telemarketers in carrying out bank marketing tasks. a product whose way of working requires information about potential customers. This is a classification technique that is often used to classify prospects using logistic regression according to research maps supporting prospect data mining. Defining an accurate data mining classification algorithm to predict telemarketing success based on a 2010 experiment. In marketing banking service products, the results of the evaluation process of this algorithm are determined by cross-validation, Confusion Matrix, ROC curve and T-test. The logistic regression algorithm is more accurate with an accuracy of 92.32% and an AUC value of 0.962, so the algorithm used is included in the good classification group.


Recurrent selection methods were designed to improve the agronomic value of populations by gradually increasing the frequency of favorable alleles, while maintaining genetic variability. To realize these objectives, progenies are developed, evaluated, selected, and recombined in a repetitive manner. Populations improved by recurrent selection are expected to be agronomically superior to unimproved versions and have enough genetic variability for the traits under selection to allow these populations be used for medium or long-term selection. The performance of hybrids is associated with the level of heterosis, i.e., to the superiority of hybrids over their inbred parents. To exploit heterosis efficiently, populations are grouped into heterotic groups, where population crosses within and among groups produce low and high levels of heterosis, respectively. Hybrids are then produced by crossing inbred lines from different heterotic groups. Recurrent selection has been effective in gradually improving population performance (Smith, 1983; Hallauer et ai., 1988), as well as the performance of the hybrids developed from the succeeding cycles of selection in maize (Zea mays L.; Russell,1985; Betran & Hallauer, 1996). Therefore, recurrent selection programs should be integrated with hybrid breeding programs so that improved populations can be used as sources of inbred lines not related to that ones developed from recycled lines via pedigree breeding. The objectives of this paper are: (i) to present the effects of recurrent selection on hybrid breeding programs; (ii) to present the changes in heterosis following recurrent selection; and (iii) to compare intraand interpopulation selection schemes.


potential and prompts a kind of productive destabilizing of artistic hierarchies. Such mischief making, she argues, is relevant to the work twenty-first-century artists and audiences are creating and consuming. Notably, Hunter makes good use of some data from actual game players and television fans in the latter half of the book; similar use of audience data in her other case studies, especially the theatrical examples of the first two chapters, would be useful areas of extension in support of her thought-provoking arguments about the decreasing centrality of liveness in performance. A further drawing out of the nuances and distinctions among the various terms being used—liveness, truth, authenticity, veracity, sincerity, immersion, reality—would also be an area for additional examination. Overall, Hunter's engaging and lively writing is inviting and accessible. Her invocation of diverse examples from across theatre, television, gaming, and popular culture similarly reflects a sense of playfulness and curiosity. The varied case studies, ranging from Hamlet to True Tori (a reality TV show about Tori Spelling's relationship with husband Dean McDermott), offer a refreshing array of examples and make this book a useful read for those in the related fields of media and communication studies, fan studies, and television studies. Indeed, one of the strongest aspects of the text is the use of scholarship from similarly multidisciplinary fields. Hunter's text makes the potential of wide-ranging scholastic engagement clear to theatre and performance scholars, especially as it concerns foundational concepts like mimesis, mediatization, and liveness.


Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the most abundant and widely expressed neurotrophic factors in the brain, are believed to play an important rôle in depression and anxiety. In this study, we hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the VEGFA and BDNF genes would be linked with psychological distress through complex interactions in the general population. Methods: We analyzed 7,098 Taiwanese subjects from the Taiwan Biobank. Measures of anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Totally, 15 VEGFA and 43 BDNF polymorphisms were used in the genetic analysis. Results: In our analysis, an interaction was found between the VEGFA rs10434 and BDNF rs12418745 in significantly influencing depression state (p < 0.01). In addition, we found that influence of interaction existed between physical activity and VEGFA genetic variants including rs3025000, rs699947, rs833068, rs833069, rs3024998, and rs3025006 in depression state. But we found no association between 15 VEGFA genetic variants and depression state, after adjusting for age and gender. Furthermore, no VEGFA SNPs showed evidence of association with PHQ-4 scores. Conclusion: These results suggest that the VEGFA and BDNF genetic variants may contribute to psychological distress through gene-gene and gene-physical activity interactions in the general population.


Purpose To evaluate the role of DSCC1 in LUAD. Patients and Methods Based on TCGA and GTEx, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the expression differences of DSCC1 between the normal samples of GTEx combined TCGA and the unpaired tumor samples of TCGA, and to compare DSCC1 expression values between tumor tissues and paired normal LUAD tissues in the TCGA cohort. Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and logistics regression were used to compare the relationship between the expression of DSCC1 and the clinicopathological parameters. The biological function of DSCC1 was annotated by GSEA and ssGSEA, while Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of DSCC1. Furthermore, the time-dependent ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of DSCC1 in LUAD. Results We downloaded the RNA-Seq data of 513 LUAD cases. The expression of DSCC1 was significantly correlated with T stage (OR = 1.04(1.02–1.07), P = 0.002), pathological stage (OR=1.03 (1.01–1.05), P = 0.008) and TP53 status (OR=1.10 (1.07–1.14), P < 0.001). The high expression of DSCC1 was significantly correlated with DSS (HR=1.56 (1.07–2.26), P = 0.021) and OS (HR=1.53 (1.14–2.05), P = 0.004). Moreover, ROC curve analysis (AUC=0.845, CI (0.820-0.870)) indicated DSCC1 as a potential diagnostic molecule for LUAD. In the group with high DSCC1 expression phenotype, down-regulation of EGFR signal, reduction of IL-6 deprivation, cell cycle, and p53 signal pathway were significantly abundant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of DSCC1 was positively correlated with the infiltration of Th2 cells, T Helper cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that DSCC1 may be an important biomarker for the treatment of LUAD.


As process scales down, low-voltage, low-power, multistage amplifiers capable of driving a large capacitive load with wide bandwidth are becoming more important for various applications. The conventional frequency compensation methods, however, are based on cumbersome transfer function derivations or complicated local loop analysis, inhibiting intuitive understanding. An approach is presented in this paper, which generates insight for the poles and zeros through distinctive compensation analysis, and is applicable to large-number-stage amplifiers. The approach applies feedback theory and simplifies high-frequency Miller amplifiers, thereby reducing orders of circuits and improving insight.


The article is devoted to study of international and advanced national experience of participation of students in the system of internal and external quality assurance of higher education. Advantages and problems of involving of students in the processes of quality of education are considered.


The non-target effect of the fungicide QuadrisR on the bacterial community from grassland loamy sand (LS) and cropland clay loam (CL) soils with unknown history of fungicide usage was investigated. QuadrisR was applied to soil mesocosms at 0.0 mg kg-1 (Az0), 2.90 mg kg-1 (Az1), 14.65 mg kg-1 (Az2) and 35.0 mg kg-1 (Az3) calculated towards the active ingredient azoxystrobin (Az). Response of bacterial communities to QuadrisR was investigated during a 120-day incubation experiment, evaluating the shifts in bacterial catabolic profiles by the community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) technique and Biolog EcoPlatesTM method. QuadrisR decreased the overall catabolic activity (AWCD) of soil bacterial communities and the rate of decrease was independent of soil type and fungicide concentration. Fungicide affected negatively the utilisation of amines and positively that of amino acids in both soil types, whereas the effects on other carbon guilds (carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and polymers) corresponded closely to the respective soil type and fungicide concentration. Results indicated the presence of non-target effects of QuadrisR on bacterial functioning; hence, it is important to address the fungicide side-effects on soil health.


The velocity distribution of electrons in field emission has been calculated on the basis of a simple free electron or one‐band model. It is found that the component of velocity transverse to the direction of emission varies approximately as the square root of the applied field. This leads to the result that resolution in the field emission microscope is practically independent of applied voltage, since transit times vary as V−½; resolution turns out to be of the order of 30A. Image formation in the case of molecules and the resolution obtainable with the proton microscope are briefly discussed.


We analyze the temperature and EUV line emission of a coronal cavity and surrounding streamer in terms of a morphological forward model. We use a series of iron line ratios observed with the Hinode Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (EIS) on 2007 Aug. 9 to constrain temperature as a function of altitude in a morphological forward model of the streamer and cavity. We also compare model prediction of the EIS EUV line intensities and polarized brightness (pB) data from the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) MK4. This work builds on earlier analysis using the same model to determine geometry of and density in the same cavity and streamer. The fit to the data with altitude dependent temperature profiles indicates that both the streamer and cavity have temperatures in the range 1.4-1.7 MK. However, the cavity exhibits substantial substructure such that the altitude dependent temperature profile is not sufficient to completely model conditions in the cavity. Coronal prominence cavities are structured by magnetism so clues to this structure are to be found in their plasma properties. These temperature substructures are likely related to structures in the cavity magnetic field. Furthermore, we find that the model overestimates the line intensities by a factor of 4-10, while overestimating pB data by no more than a factor of 1.4. One possible explanation for this is that there may be a significant amount of material at temperatures outside of the range log T(K) approximately equals 5.8 - 6.7 in both the cavity and the streamer.


In this paper we look at the clustering dynamics of the ICT sector in South Africa, in particular the centripetal forces fostering spatial agglomeration. We focus our analysis on two regional (i.e. Western Cape and Gauteng Provinces) ICT cluster case studies which illustrate a clear and intensifying concentration tendency of ICT-related production and RD • The minimization of RD • The need for system integration in a converging market, • Concentration on core competencies and the contracting out of peripheral activities; • An increased say in standardization processes; and • The availability of social capital - this refers to the complex of local institutions and trust relationships between local actors within a region.


Artificial immune computational system is a relatively new branch in the area of computer systems. This bachelor's thesis presents the fact that we can be inspired by biological immune systems and that we can use their attributes and principles in the artificial immune computational systems. On the following pages you can meet several examples, where and how the principles had been already used. The last part of this work is devoted to implementation of educational material into the lesson.


The paper conducts an analysis about two collectives of queer activism from Portugal and Chile. After summarizing the history of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) movements and their main achievements, especially regarding legal frameworks, the article presents and analyses the queer activism conducted by the groups Panteras Rosa and the Coletivo Universitario de Dissidencia Sexual (CUDS). The objective is, by demonstrating how these groups differentiate themselves from and clash against the LGBT movement, to indicate the main characteristics of such activism in these countries.


Both Brazil and Nigeria had their evolution in the same manner. The Western powers. They similarly had their experiences of policies of expropriation and exploitation of human and non policies and rules, featured finds out that apart from all these, there were violations of human rights inherent in the direction of slavery and slave trade to which the colonies were subjected. This work reli sources of data collection in order to obtain reliable information about the activities of the colonial masters. Data were also sourced from the internet, governmental organizations and agencies concerned with the issue of colonialism. the colonialism in the west; and how the colonies were brutally treated and governed via the use of indirect rule in politics as far as Africa political system was concerned. It noted that inste concerned with good gover accumulation thereby using blacks against blacks to achieve their ulterior motives. The study therefore concludes that for the attainment of good governa dependence on West should be concerted efforts on part of the African governments generally to educate the masses on evil effects of western colonial masters.


Citation for proceedings: Holland, Marjorie M.; Warren, Melvin L.; Stanturf, John A., eds. 2002. Proceedings of a conference on sustainability of wetlands and water resources: how well can riverine wetlands continue to support society into the 21st century? Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-50. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 191 p. Abstract—Biogeochemical properties of wetlands have recently been investigated to assess recovery of wetland ecosystems following human alteration. Analyses of soil samples have shown that the natural regeneration of timber-harvested wetlands exhibits predictable trends for soil organic matter, total organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Incorporating these four nutrients, a Soil Perturbation Index (SPI) was previously developed to aid in biogeochemical comparisons of altered wetlands at different successional stages to mature reference wetlands. The current study explores whether reforested sites previously in agriculture exhibit similar biogeochemical trends to forested wetlands previously timber harvested. Results indicate that reforested sites previously in agriculture exhibit biogeochemical trends similar to timber-harvested wetlands, although perhaps at slower rates. Trends for the SPI developed from the agriculturally based sites were very similar to that of the original SPI developed from naturally regenerated sites.


This paper proposes a dual-frequency antenna for vehicles. The antenna structure consists of single patch and single feed. It is operated at the center frequency of GPS system at 1.575 GHz with circular polarization and 2.45 GHz for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) with linear polarization. At 1.575 GHz, |S11| ≤ -10 dB can cover the frequency from 1.51 to 1.61 GHz. At 2.45 GHz, |S11| ≤ -10 dB can cover from 2.45 to 2.48 GHz, respectively. The axial ratio bandwidth (AR <; 3 dB) is ranged from 1.56 to 1.59 GHz. The measured gains are 4.74 dBic and 2.08 dBi at center frequency, respectively. The half-power beamwidths (HPBW) in xz- and yz-planes are 85 and 85 degrees and the AR beamwidths in xz- and yz-planes are 180 and 200 degrees, respectively.


A concave slope is a common type of slope. This paper proposes a simplified method to study the effect of a clay concave slope on laterally loaded piles. The hyperbolic

 p

 -

 y

 curve model is selected as the lateral pile-soil interaction model of the concave slope. Considering the two angles of the concave slope, the variation of the ultimate soil resistance with depth is divided into two parts, and the ultimate soil resistance varies nonlinearly with depth. The reduction factor method and normalization method are used to obtain the initial stiffness. The theoretical results will be compared with the calculation results of the 3D FE analysis to prove the rationality of this method. Finally, the simplified method is used to analyze the response of laterally loaded piles under different parameters.


Objective To explore the fundamental clinical characteristics of vertebral metastasis in lung cancer cases.Methods 230 patients of vertebral metastasis in lung cancer were collected according to emission computed tomograpy(ECT) and pathological diagnosis with well-defined imaging changes.Retrospective studies were carried out to analysis a set of fundamental clinical data of those cases.Results 118 in 230 cases were adenocarcinoma(60.20%),and 107 of them were cases located on superior lobe of left lung which surpass other 4 physical regions.Single-spot vertebra metastasis is comparable to multi-spot vertebra metastasis as the proportions are 54.35% and 45.65%,respectively.Conclusion Adenocarcinoma types are most frequent and most of adenocarcinomas are poorly differentiated.Primary focuses in superior lobe of left lung are prone to facilitating metastasis and thoracic vertebrae are most vulnerable in the cases of single-spot vertebra metastasis.


Low cost precise DTM on a wide area The paper describes the realization of a DTM on an area having extension of approximately 100.000 hectares. The model has been obtained from the interpolation of approximately 131.000 geodetic heights inside of 180 tablets of the Regional Technical Cartographic of the Emilia Romagna, to the nominal scale 1:5000. In order to improve its accuracy, approximately 1.550 benchmarks have been surveyed. The survey has been executed with VRS GPS technique. On the base of the benchmark geodetic heights a calibration of DTM heights has been executed, obtaining a new DTM. The new DTM has been verified and it has denounced differences in height less to the 30 cm. In the article we describe also the realization costs.


The article is devoted to describe asymptotics in the heat convection problem for a micropolar fluid in two dimensions. We show the existence and the uniqueness of global in time solutions and then prove the existence of a global attractor for considered model. Next, the Hausdorff dimension of the global attractor is estimated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An important part of our information-gathering behavior has always been to find out what other people think. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, new opportunities and challenges arise as people now can, and do, actively use information technologies to seek out and understand the opinions of others. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is one of the major tasks of NLP (Natural Language Processing). Sentiment analysis has gained much attention in recent years. In this paper, we aim to tackle the problem of sentiment polarity categorization, which is one of the fundamental problems of sentiment analysis. A general process for sentiment polarity categorization is proposed with detailed process descriptions.


Power‐line communication (PLC) is a cost‐effective and promising communication technology for many smart grid applications. However, the presence of additive and multiplicative power line noises deteriorate the performance of a PLC system. In this paper, we propose signal space diversity (SSD) technique for a cooperative PLC system. The additive PLC channel noise is assumed to be Bernoulli‐Gaussian–distributed. The multiplicative PLC channel noise gain is characterized by log‐normal distribution. The closed‐form expressions of the average symbol error rate (SER) and outage probability of cooperative PLC system with SSD have been derived in this paper. It has been shown that the proposed cooperative PLC system results in achieving better spectral efficiency, as well as the reliability of the received signal.


The final report of the Commission on Human Security* ("Human Security Now," Asahi Shimbun), co-chaired by Mrs. Sadako Ogata and Professor Amartya Sen, the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, defines human security as protecting the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedom and human fulfillment. As stated in the policy speech of then Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi at the first Intellectual Dialogue on Building Asia's Tomorrow in December 1998, the government of Japan regards human security as a concept that comprehensively addresses various threats to human survival, livelihood, and dignity, and which stresses the need to respond to such threats. Japan's Official Development Assistance Charter (New ODA Charter), adopted at a Cabinet meeting in August 2003, refers to the implementation of ODA from the perspective of human security as follows: "In order to address direct threats to individuals, such as conflicts, disasters, and infectious diseases, it is important not only to consider the global, regional, and national perspectives, but also to consider the perspective of human security, which focuses on individuals. Accordingly, Japan will implement ODA that strengthens the capacity of local communities through human resources development. To ensure that human dignity is maintained at all stages, from the conflict stage to the reconstruction and development stages, Japan will extend assistance for the protection and empowerment* of individuals." Mrs. Sadako Ogata states that human security will not be fully achieved until two approaches are combined: one is, the governmental and administrative approach, and the other is, the perspective of how a community is empowered to build a system where people can support the government from the bottom (Japan National Press Club, March 22, 2004).


In this paper I describe a pilot field study which involved evaluation of audience experience of an interactive artwork situated in a large open public space. This pilot is part of a larger project where the aim is to install a series of interactive works in Federation Square, Melbourne, Australia over a one year period. A key element of the project is to evaluate audience engagement with the works. Level of engagement with an interactive artwork depends on various factors such as aesthetic satisfaction, and how the audience constructs meaning, pleasure and enjoyment. Evaluating such experiences remains an open research problem.


The ITB terms and conditions is a document that becomes part of the procurement contract, specifying a contractor's ITB obligations to the Government of Canada.
The sample of those ITB terms and conditions provided here is offered as a guide and is not in itself a legal document. The actual document that is issued for a specific project takes precedence over anything found on this website.


Solid-waste management is a major challenge in urban areas throughout the world. Without an effective and efficient solid-waste management program, the waste generated from various human activities, both industrial and domestic, can result in health hazards and have a negative impact on the environment. The objectives of the study were; to determine different types of solid waste generated by the households, to assess handling methods at household level, to ascertain common challenges associated with waste management systems in Baraton Centre and to determine factors that affect household waste management methods. The study employed a Quantitative Descriptive Case study design and Convenience sampling technique. The study findings shows that majority of the respondents (78%), knew about solid waste management. In conclusion the research provided statistically accurate answer to a number of household solid waste related issues. The fact that the education level of a family head was negatively associated with the practices regarding household solid waste management indicates that improving general public awareness concerning the problem of solid waste management should be a high priority of the responsible authorities and the general public as well.


The dynamics o f Hg(II) coordination by the potentially tridentate ligand bis-2(2-pyridylethyl)amine (BEPA) and potentially tetradentate ligand tris(2pyridylethyl)amine (TEPA) were examined by solution-state NMR and X-Ray crystallography. Deuterated acetonitrile solutions containing metal-to-ligand stoichiometries o f 0.125 to 3.0 were examined. Mercury coordination complexes exhibiting rarely observed room temperature solution-state NMR 1H 199Hg and 1 3 C 199Hg satellites were characterized. The effects o f counter ion, concentration and temperature on the solution-state NMR properties were investigated. Solid-state structures obtained by X-Ray crystallography were correlated with the solution-state NM R data. The sixcoordinate complex [Hg(BEPA)](C 1 0 4 ) 2 (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic Space Group P I with a = 10.950(3) A, b = 12.826(4) A, c = 13.035(4) A, a = 67.39(2)°, P = 82.74(2)°, and y = 68.09(2)° with Z = 2. The complex is tridentate with a Hg-Namine distance o f 2.510(8) A and Hg-Npyridyi distances o f 2.104(6) A and 2.114(6) A. Close contact from three perchlorates completes a psuedo-octahedral environment. The five-coordinate complex [Hg(BEPA)Cl2 ] (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic Space Group Pnma with a = 13.424(3) A, b = 14.854(3) A, and c = 8.118(2) A with Z = 4. [Hg(BEPA)Cl2] exhibits distorted trigonal bipyrimid geometry with a Hg-Namine bond distance o f 2.289 A and HgNpyridyi distances o f 2.549(16) A. Structural characterization o f a complex o f TEPA is in


Nurses across Europe should be trained to new common standards that better reflect modern nursing practice, according to Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) chair Tony Hazell.


Different schemes for the treatment of long-ranged electrostatic interactions will be examined for water simulations using the polarizable fluctuating charge potential. Several different methods are compared, including Ewald sums, potential shifting, spherical truncation and reaction field corrections. For liquid water, properties such as the energy, pressure, dynamics and structure are more sensitive to the treatment of the long-ranged interactions with polarizable than with non-polarizable potentials.


The utility model can replace various medical catheters, which is provided with two pipe cavities and an air-injection cavity which can be used for drainage, or medicine or nutriment injection, an air sac, a non-return valve, a pressure measuring bag, a graduated ruler, a metal positioning line, a cavity plug and guide wires. The catheter which is put into the duodenum and the stomach, according to the requirements of the treatment, not only can be used for drainage, decompression and drawing material for test on different positions, but also can respectively or simultaneously inject different medicine and food into the stomach and intestine, having the functions of treating tumor and inflammation, haemostatic, energy supply and tissue-healing. The catheter can be positioned exactly and be easy to observe. After positioned, the catheter can not be prone to slide and the position of the catheter can be accurately adjusted under the x-ray perspective that does not affect the activities of the patient. The catheter, having the advantages of simple manufacture, sufficient material source, low cost and convenient operation, meets the requirements of the medical treatment and health and is worth to apply and popularize.


Hexpod Bionic Robot is introduced in this paper from the principle of movement,the structure of machine,the means of implementation,the application of circuit and the design of programm.Acting on the ambulation refinement device,the robot is endowed with movement function that can achieve fore-and-aft and right-and-left walking,video scan through turning camera.In order to illuminate how to perform it,PLC programme control of the automaton is emphasized especially in the paper.


The influence of curing agent on the mechanical properties,plastic shrinkage and crack resistance are studied in order to solve the problem of hard providing effective curing ways for track bed cast-in-situ concrete which is easy to crack.The results indicate that curing agent can improve the compressive strength of concrete,and the compressive strength of concrete with curing agent is higher than that of concrete under the standard curing at early ages(before 7d),and it's similar to that of concrete under the standard curing at later ages(28d,56d).But flexural strength of concrete with curing agent is slightly lower than that of concrete under the standard curing at ages of 7d and 28d.Spraying curing agent on concrete surface immediately after casting can effectively reduce the plastic shrinkage.Three kinds of curing agent(TJ-A,TJ-B and type C)can reduce 42%,27% and 27% of plastic shrinkage and reduce 60%,54%,60% of water evaporation value than that of concrete without curing agent after 72h.In addition,the result of cracking resistance test shows that curing agent can efficiently prevent the early cracking of concrete,and improve the anti-cracking ability of concrete.


To the Editor: Pacia et al. [1] reported two cases and reviewed eight patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) initially diagnosed as primary epilepsy.

Recently, we described a 17-year-old woman with an idiopathic LQTS presenting as epilepsy. …


The kinetic rule curve of the follower of cam mechanism is separated for data points,the distance of the given data points and the data points of the designed curve is defined as the fitness function,the genetic programming method is used to carry on the fitting to the cam theoretic contour curve.During the process of initial population production and evolution,a forced big probability variation operator is introduced,which can improve population's fitness,based on the usual small probability variation.Examples indicate that genetic programming can fit the cam theoretic contour curve well and achieve the analytic function of cam contour curve,it can realize the auto-design of the cam contour curve.


A christological treatment of sin is, for Karl Barth, the only possibility for those who wish to know something of that which opposes life in Christ. Such a treatment must be christologically ordered in so far as Christ remains the arche, teloas, and nomos of theological thought. It is not coincidental, then, that his treatment of sin is proper to the doctrine of reconciliation and ordered by the christological assertion that Jesus Christ is truly God, truly human, and the unity of these as the 'guarantor and witness of our atonement.' Indeed, the knowledge of sin is only possible in the light of the revelation of God and humanity in the God-man Jesus Christ. Consequently, the doctrine of reconciliation is the proper place for the knowledge of sin in so far as Jesus, the one who knew no sin, was made to be sin 'so that we might become the righteousness of God' (2 Cor. 5:21). To know sin one must face the one who became sin for our sakes.


Thepostulateoflocalisotropy[1]im pliesan invariance with respectto spatialrotationsofthestatisticalpropertiesofsm allscalesofturbulence.Even though the large scalesare anisotropic in allpractical ows,itisthought that the sm all scales at high Reynolds num bers are shielded from anisotropy becauseoftheirseparation by a widerangeofinterm ediatescales.Atany niteReynolds num ber,som e residuale ects ofsm all-scale anisotropy m ay linger,butallproperm easuresofanisotropy areexpected to decrease rapidly with Reynolds num ber.An understanding ofthe rate atwhich sm allscalestend towards isotropy is a basic building block in turbulence theory. A particularly appealing m anner ofgenerating largescaleanisotropy isby ahom ogeneousshearcharacterized by a constantshearrate S dU=dy,where U (y)isthe m ean velocity in thestream wisedirection x,and y isthe direction ofthe shear.During the lastfew years,nearly hom ogeneousshear ows,both experim ental[2,3,4]and num erical,[5,6,7]have exam ined the rate at which localisotropy is recovered with respectto the Taylorm icroscaleReynoldsnum ber,R .Thenotation isstandard:


Long chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation measurements in the intact heart from 13C‐NMR rely on detection of 13C‐enriched glutamate. However, progressive increases in overlapping resonance signal from LCFA can confound detection of the glutamate 4‐carbon (GLU‐C4) signal. We evaluated alternative 13C labeling for exogenous LCFA and developed a simple scheme to distinguish kinetics of LCFA uptake and storage from oxidation.


A study was made of the 20 genera,93 species of Anthocoridae sensu lato through an insect fauna analysis.In this fauna there are 33 Oriental species,about 35.48% of all,24 Oriental-Palaearctic species,about 25.81% of all,and 23 Palaearctic species,about 24.73% of all.Their distribution patterns are segregated into 5 categories,i.e.Chinese endemic distribution pattern,World distribution pattern,East Asia endemic distribution pattern,distribution pattern in Palaearctic and Oriental Regions,and Holearctic distribution pattern.The analysis of the animal geographical fauna of China shows that the Chinese Anthocoridae sensu lato in Southwestern China and that in Southern China,being of the most species and about 32.26% of all,are closely related to each other.


In this work, we explain the phenomena of ferroelectricity modulation in the ferroelectric (FE) layer due to the residing dielectric (DE) phase. This work also demonstrates the impact of random spatial fluctuation of DE phase for multidomain Metal-Ferro-Insulator-Metal (MFIM) capacitor and Negative Capacitance (NC) FDSOI FET. Using well-calibrated TCAD models, we found: 1) the presence of DE phase causes non-uniformity in the polarization (PFE) and potential (VFE) inside the FE-layer; 2) non-uniformity in the PFE modulates the average FE capacitance (CFE) due to an increased FE domain interaction; 3) the increase in DE phases decreases the CFE; 4) higher FE thickness (TFE) with higher DE phase exacerbates the CFE variation, thus, in NC region the PFE becomes direction-dependent; 5) larger DE grain sizes show higher bias directional dependency in the NC region; 6) variation of the coercive field (EC) within the FE layer with DE phase, predominantly increases the bias directional dependency in the NC region and thereby introduces the higher reliability concerns for NC-FETs.


The invention relates to a method of operating an open-end rotor spinning machine having a plurality of work stations, which each have a spinning device with a unterdruckbeaufschlagbaren rotor housing in which a spinning rotor rotates at high speed, for the production of a yarn and a winding device for producing a cross-wound bobbin wherein the compound of the work stations can be switched off to a central vacuum supply. According to the invention it is provided that the switching off of the negative pressure is carried out on the rotor housing for a period of downtime of the respective spinning apparatus.


The unexpectedevolution in the science and technology sector has transformed India's traditional potterymaking into advanced ceramic. Owing tothe ceramic industry's market expansion, traditionally based potterymaking industries have now experienced rapid modern machinery growth. Pottery manufacturing has been one of the prestigious arts in the ancient history of India. During these days, pottery making process used for clay fired at low temperatures and open bonfires. They were generally based on hand made techniques and less decorated. A sudden upsurge in technology and industry has made development in the use of ceramic glazes that improved the popularity and practicality of ceramic usage. The present research report delivers information that government support for the housing sector and increasing demand for high-end products have influenced the Indian ceramic industry's significant development. In modern-dayindustrialization and globalization, India ranks third in its ceramic trading activities with a global industry growth rate of 11%. It demonstrates the achievement of the transition from traditional pottery-making to advanced ceramics. The research paper focuses on various aspects such as origin, history, development, innovation, technology upgradation, research, and development of the ceramics industry with particular reference to India.


stem cells technology as a new Therapeutic approach brings many hopes for treament of sever diseases. By considering the progress for our country in this regard and the importance of stem cells science in country's comprehensive scientific map, legal and institutional infrastructure development is one of the main priorities for a decent position, in the region and world on the horizon of 1404. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the criminal policy of stem cells by looking at French and England politics. this research is a descriptive study using library and documentary method, by study of books and papers and researches and other authoritave scientific references. undoubtly, the benefits of this technology depends on its ethical considerations. Elimination of moral barriers also requires drafting laws compatible with regional and cultural beliefs of peoples in the country. As Iranian law in the field of stem cells is not clear and Unfortunately, our laws in the face of it, could not keep up with these advances, to continue research activities, legal and institutional infrastructure is the main feature. First it is necessary to discuss this issue among scientists in the field of ethics, law, jurisprudence. Then therewith studying laws of active countries in this technology which have worked out precise rule, by adopting a purposeful criminal politic facing the application of this technology, took into action to make bans and to determine the guarantee of appropriate criminal procceding. 1. Department of Law, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran. 2. Professor in Criminal Law, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding author) Email: email@example.com 3. Department of Law, University of Knowledge and Culture, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of Law, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran. Original Article Received: 6 January 2018 Accepted: 20 May 2018 D ow nl oa de d fr om ij m ed ic al la w .ir a t 1 8: 16 + 03 30 o n T hu rs da y D ec em be r 27 th 2 01 8 108 یكشسپ قوقح همانلصف / لهچ هرامش ،مهدزاود لاس ناتسبات ،مجنپو 7931


The general adsorption kinetic model, also called pseudo- order (PNO) equation, is revisited using random differential equations. We provide a full probabilistic solution of the model, which is a stochastic process, by computing its first probability density function under very general hypotheses on its parameters, that are treated as absolutely continuous random variables with an arbitrary joint probability density function. The analysis is based on the so called Random Variable Transformation technique. From the first probability density function, we compute relevant information of the PNO model, such that, the mean, the variance and confidence interval. We also provide explicit expressions for the probability density functions of other significant quantities as the time required to reach a specific level of absorbed substance or the rate coefficient of the chemical reaction. All the theoretical findings are illustrated by means of real data. The application includes a thorough discussion about two important uncertainty quantification inverse methods, namely, the Random Least Mean Square and the Bayesian technique, to assign appropriate probability density functions to all the PNO model parameters so that the solution captures data uncertainties.


In the era of globalization and the network and our country's opening up to the outside world,the west post-modernism ideological trend of thought that has counter-foundation principle,counter-essential principle,anti-rationalism principle as its theory orientation has many influences on our independent,open and tolerant university students.On the one hand,the west post-modernism ideological trend of thought is advantageous in raising university students' critical spirit,stimulating their main body consciousness and sublimating their thinking modes.On the other hand,the west post-modernism ideological trend of thought is also likely to cause the university students to fall into nihilism in the value ideas,to slide into relativism in the thinking modes and to fall into anarchism in the behavior ways.


Metaphor acts as a window into comprehending teachers' experiences through providing insights into complex concepts of teaching and learning. As a result, it plays a crucial role in exploring beliefs about teachers' roles in the teaching and learning process. To elicit ideas and beliefs which both teachers and students held about the role of English teachers, questionnaires were given to 30 teachers and 85 students in the University of Duhok, English Department. The questionnaire asked the subjects to provide their beliefs about English teachers' roles by using a sentence completion task "An English teacher is…. because….". Eight conceptual categories are introduced from the linguistic metaphors and example metaphors for each category are given in the results tables. The eight conceptual categories include: teacher as devotee, teacher as nurturer, teachers as provider / source of knowledge, teacher as cultural transmitter, teacher as authority, teacher as guider, teacher as a friend, and teacher as a nice beautiful soul. All participants expressed the same conceptual categories, but still they use different metaphors to express their views. An interesting feature of these results is that there are some parallel and overlaps of metaphors among different subjects. The findings of this study suggested subtle differences between students' and teachers' beliefs. This study will benefit teachers, curriculum designers, and researchers. Researchers may carry out comprehensive studies using metaphor as an investigating tool to better understand both students and teachers' perceptions of the teachers' roles. The results will help develop comprehensive and inclusive methods of teaching. Larger samples with variables such as gender, age, different locations, and proficiency of participants should be taken into consideration during future studies.


The article claims that PT needs to change as a discipline in three directions. First, we cannot longer lump every person in our category of religion based on the normative conceptions of our own (Christian) religion. We need criteria to distinguish between normal experiences, spiritual experience and religious experience. Secondly, the process of opening up the material object of PT has decentred the (all-knowing) theological scholar who builds theory on lived spirituality and / or religion. Thirdly, we need to develop a new form of methodology to build theory on practical reasoning, namely practice-oriented methodology.


ABSTRACT The article's main focus is the performance of Sufi rituals at the Sufi Dargahs (shrines) and the objectives behind that recital. The study tries to locate the reasons behind the visitation of Sufi Dargahs. It is an attempt to find out the reasons devotees visit Sufi Dargahs and conduct Sufi practices and explores the ways the rituals become a source of peace for them. To get the actual findings, anthropological research was conducted and most of the data were collected while visiting the two prominent Chishti Sufi Dargahs of West Punjab, Pakistan: Dargahs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar and Khawaja Shams ud Din Sialvi. The study is an effort to find out how the culture of Dargah influences the local community actions.


We report on the realization of AlGaSb/InAs Esaki tunnel diodes on GaSb (001) substrate. Selective area molecular beam epitaxy of InAs is used to define the area of the diodes down to submicron dimensions. A peak current density up to 1.3 MA/cm2 is achieved.


The invention discloses a reconfigurable dual-band band-pass filter which comprises an upper microstrip line structure, a middle dielectric substrate, a lower grounding metal patch and a metal through hole, wherein the metal through hole penetrates through the microstrip line structure, the dielectric substrate and the grounding metal patch in sequence to enable the microstrip line structure to be connected with the grounding metal patch through the dielectric substrate; the microstrip line structure comprises a first resonator, a second resonator, a third resonator and a fourth resonator; the first resonator and the second resonator are coupled to form a group of resonators after being folded; the third resonator and the fourth resonator are coupled to form another group of resonators after being folded; through the two groups of resonators, the microstrip line structure integrally forms a grid-shaped structure; one end of each resonator is loaded with a variable capacitance diode. According to the reconfigurable dual-band band-pass filter provided by the invention, the integration level and the electromagnetic compatibility of the system are improved; two pass bands are independently reconfigurable and the absolute bandwidth is basically constant, so that the application requirement of the conventional dual-band wireless communication system can be better satisfied.


Milk production of Cuban Holstein cows was analyzed. There were 15415 lactation records of 9382 cows, which gave birth to the calves of 482 sires. Three models were established to study the milk production for 305 days during each of the first four lactations. Model I w as an independent univariate analysis of milk produ ction for lactation. Model II was a repeatability model where lactation was considered the repeated measurement of the same characteristic. Model III was a multivariate a nalysis in which each lactation was considered an i ndependent characteristic correlated with the rest. The progra m REMLF90 was used for the analyses. The data show that for the Holstein breed under these study conditions, th e estimation of covariance components for milk yiel d in the first four lactations are best carried out using a multivariate animal model.


According to the satellite motion characteristics in the non-Keplerian orbits,a new method is proposed to study the satellite orbit rendezvous decision.Firstly,in Hill coordinates,the proportional navigation method is used to solve the required velocity increment of the satellite for maneuvering.Secondly,the required velocity increment on any feature point of the satellite in orbit maneuver is solved by using Lagrange interpolation algorithm,and lots of simulation data can be obtained and the decision surface that meets the conditions for making decision can also be drawn.Finally,the analysis of decision surface meaning shows that the method has certain significance for studying the satellite decision-making in the non-Keplerian orbits.


Abstract : The object of the Upper Atmosphere Research Program is the acquisition of knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of the upper atmospheric region by experimentation carried on with instrumentation borne aloft by probing rockets and balloons. The tasks assigned to Wentworth Institute of Technology during the term of this contract involved the design, fabrication, modification, assembly and testing of instrumentation. One major undertaking during the first part of the contract was the generation of a design layout of a Cluster Ion Mass Spectrometer. The initial design was developed through consultations between personnel at AFGL and WIT. These meetings led to the establishment of instrument design parameters. Assembly, subassembly and detail drawings were generated.


ABSTRACT A significant increase in the paraprofessional workforce has occurred internationally, aimed at facilitating inclusive education. Within Ireland, this is evidenced in the SNA scheme for pupils with significant care needs. This paper focuses on the constructs of SNA support and pupil independence, as based on large-scale research across 20 Irish mainstream primary classes. The study was modelled on Strand 2 Wave 1 of the UK's 'Deployment and Impact of Support Staff' project, involving systematic observations and case studies. Following qualitative and quantitative analysis, findings serve to expand the construct of pupil independence beyond adaptive behaviour to include themes of pupil voice and psychological empowerment. The research also highlights both positive and negative educational practices to support pupil independence including SNA rotation, SNA–pupil proximity and prompting. Results are discussed in light of previous national and international research. Future directions of the SNA scheme are presented, including the potential of scaffolding theory to advance applied practices. Limitations of the research are acknowledged, including implications for research, theory, policy and practice. This research presents as the first Irish study to examine the SNA role using systematic observations, serving to extend existing research on the complex relationship between paraprofessional support and pupil independence.


We specialise an ingeniously contrived identity to obtain a plethora of startling combinatorial identities. Limiting cases include well known evaluations of ζ(2), ζ(4) and ζ(6) .


Science & Technology Innovation System in knowledge-based society is studied in perspective of complexity science. Starting from the double helix structure of technology innovation, science and technology innovation is analyzed as interaction of scientific research, technology development and application innovation. With science and technology innovation system in urban management as an example, three subsystems, namely, knowledge innovation system lead by scientific research, technology innovation system supported by standardization, and management innovation enabled by modern ICT, are constructed and analyzed from the perspective of Open Complex Giant System Theory by Qian Xuesen. The convergence and interaction of the three subsystems triggered the paradigm shift of scientific research, technology


In this paper, we describe polarization-insensitive phase trimming of silica-based waveguides with both 193- and 244-nm ultraviolet (UV) light and the trimming of both phase error and polarization dependence. A wide beam of 193-nm UV light from an ArF excimer laser is useful for phase trimming multiple waveguides. We utilize stress-release grooves to control birefringence generation while phase trimming, and we reduce the birefringence change during refractive index change by 95%. At the same time, we found that this grooved structure enhances the refractive index increase with UV light. We also utilize 244-nm UV light from a frequency doubled Ar ion laser with high space coherence, which is suitable for trimming the phase error of a single waveguide. We control UV-induced birefringence by controlling the size of the 244-nm laser beam light, and we reduce the birefringence change during phase trimming by 98%. In addition, we investigate the change in the refractive index and stress distribution of our waveguide when UV light is irradiated, and discuss the differences of polarization-insensitive phase trimming between 193- and 244-nm UV light. Finally, we utilize these techniques to eliminate the polarization-dependent phase error of an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We successfully demonstrate the individual trimming of the center wavelength and its polarization dependence.


efficiency The Estidama [sustainability] Program assesses how each project responds to climate (passive heating and cooling), also taking into account the culture. By using low-flow fixtures for efficient water use and collecting and reusing rain water, Abu Dhabi's new buildings will significantly curb its water and energy needs. LAnDScAPinG Drought-tolerant and native species minimize water use and maintenance requirements. Planners are also implementing landscape techniques— such as tiered gardens and potted plants—to reduce the use of harmful fertilizer and pesticides. SmArt buiLDinGS Instead of shiny and flat facades, upc is creating buildings with lighter surfaces to reflect the sunlight, creating open and vibrant views. By integrating colonnades, canopies and window screens to increase shading, buildings stay cool in the heat. Using concrete, plaster and wood finishes, all buildings have a monochromatic, neutral palette—tying the neighborhood together while promoting a sense of tranquility through such soothing tones. cOurtyArDS


Fifteen GPS stations in the Batan‐Luzon area were surveyed three times during 1996 to 1998. In order to study crustal deformation in the Taiwan‐Luzon region, the data from these annual surveys are processed together with data from 20 permanent stations in the Taiwan area and IGS stations in the Asia‐Pacific region. We found that the Chinese continental margin is moving in directions of 102°–112° with rates of 11–12 mm/yr relative to stable Eurasia. There is a significant southward increase in crustal motion with respect to Eurasia along the N‐S trend of the Luzon arc. In the Coastal Range of Taiwan, the velocity is 53 mm/yr in the direction 313°. Further south at two volcanic islands, Lanhsu and Batan, the velocities increase to 68 mm/yr in the direction 306° and 81 mm/yr in the direction 299°, respectively. In northern Luzon the velocity reaches 86 mm/yr in the direction 301°. Remarkable fault slips of 17–31 mm/yr across the Philippine fault system are detected.


The concrete-cored sand-gravel pile composite foundation technology applied to treat thick and soft foundation at bridge head from the idea of controlling post-construction and differential post-construction settlement is introduced in this paper.The design concepts,the construction equipment and technology, the detection and quality control method are introduced in detail.This new technology has great practical values and bright market prospects in thick and soft foundation treatment,especially in high water and high organic matter content areas.


Successful induction of pathogen-specific humoral B cell memory responses depends upon help from CD4+ T cells. We find that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, glycolipid-specific, CD1d-restricted innate lymphocytes, can provide both cognate (direct) and noncognate (or indirect) helper signals to enhance B cell humoral responses. In fact, a subset of iNKT cells, termed iNKT follicular helper cells, are the cells which specifically act to promote germinal centers, facilitate optimal B cell memory, and plasma cell differentiation. While both cognate and noncognate iNKT cell help induce class-switched, antigen-specific humoral immune responses, only noncognate iNKT cell help drives formation of humoral memory and plasma cell development. We find that differences in the strength of the TcR signal received by iNKT cells, very early effector cytokine production by iNKT cells, T follicular helper cells, and T follicular regulatory cells all contribute to the observed differences in the ultimate humoral outcome. These findings help to identify the optimal requirements for iNKT induction of humoral memory, which has important implications for the application of glycolipid molecules as humoral adjuvants.


reformers. The letters of industrial school founder Elizabeth Evelyn Wright, which are included in the Voorhees Industrial School Papers at the University of South Carolina, are a particularly rich example. Wright's letters along with others like them would help to diversify this narrative and highlight the unique obstacles that African American women reformers faced during the Progressive Era. The choice to focus almost exclusively on sources that center on the experiences of white women hinders the editors' mission and prevents a relevant and important clash among the sources. Including only two African American women's words furthers the idea that African American women were largely absent from reform work during this formative period. Further, relying on sources that concentrate on white women sidesteps an important opportunity to expand what is already known about women's lives during this dynamic era of change. Nevertheless, Southern Women in the Progressive Era is an important documentary collection for any student or teacher of American women's history. The selections add to what is known about the inner lives of women in the American South during the final decade of the nineteenth century and the opening decades of the twentieth century. Revealing their participation in educational reform, social work, and labor rights organizing, the volume offers a unique opportunity to understand Southern women's lives as they did.


Summary form only given. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) based on low-coherence interferometry has widespread applications in biomedical diagnostics as well as industrial inspections. In ordinary OCT a point-by-point scanning is required for image acquisition, which ultimately limits the image acquisition time. In the paper we present a two-dimensional (2-D) heterodyne detection technique for real-time cross-section imaging.


Shedding Light on the Graph Schema Raj M. Ratwani (email@example.com) J. Gregory Trafton (email@example.com) George Mason University Naval Research Laboratory different types (i.e. bar graphs and line graphs). In the pure blocks, it is thought that because the stimuli are of the same type, each stimulus primes or activates the next and thus people are quick to respond to the stimuli. However, stimuli only prime or activate other stimuli that rely on the same mental representation. Thus, in the mixed blocks, because the stimuli are of different types, they may rely on different representations and result in a slower response as compared to the pure blocks. There are several other interpretations to mixing costs, but this interpretation is very prevalent (Los, Abstract The current theories of graph comprehension have posited the graph schema as providing us the necessary knowledge to interpret any graph type. Yet, little is known about the nature of the graph schema, and no empirical data exist showing that there actually is a graph schema. In experiment 1 we show evidence that a graph schema does exist, and that graph schemas are not specific to each and every graph type. In experiments 2 and 3 we show that there is a different graph schema for typical and atypical graphs. We interpret these findings as evidence for a prototypical graph schema. Introduction When looking at Figure 1a and attempting to read-off the number of Widgets in Tray B, how does one have the necessary knowledge to be able interpret this specific type of graph? Given the large number of graph types (e.g. bar, line, dot, scatter, box plot, etc.) and the fact that the same symbol can represent completely different information in each of these graph types, how do we activate and use the information specific to each graph type? For example, the "dot" in a scatter plot as compared to the "dot" in a box plot mean very different things and in order to be able to interpret these different graph types, we have to be able to activate the appropriate knowledge. The current theories of graph comprehension solve this problem by positing a "graph schema." Pinker (1990) suggests it is the graph schema that allows us to recognize specific types of graphs and allows us to find the desired information in a graph. Lohse (1993) suggests that the graph schema contains standard, learned procedures for locating information in the graph. Thus, when reading-off specific information from a graph, the current theories would suggest the following operations: (1) Early visual processes construct all possible relationships among graph elements, (2) Build a propositional representation of the graph, (3) Activate graph schema, (4) Devise the conceptual question, (5) Associate location of bar with each tray, (6) Associate each bar with values for each tray (7) Devise the conceptual message (Carpenter & Shah, 1998; Lohse, 1993; Pinker, 1990; Trickett, Ratwani, & Trafton, under review). The graph schema (step 3) is central to all current theories of graph comprehension. What is interesting is that there has been no empirical work to establish whether a graph schema really exists, and, if so, what its features are. Our research goal was to use the mixing costs paradigm (Los, 1996, 1999) to investigate the nature of graph schemas. In the mixing costs paradigm there are blocks of pure stimuli, composed of items of the same type (i.e. all bar graphs), and blocks of mixed stimuli, which are composed of items of Figures 1a-d. (clockwise from upper left corner) Graphs used in experiments 1-3: bar graph, line graph, dot chart, scatter plot. By using the mixing costs paradigm, we will be able to show which graphs share a similar mental representation. This internal representation, we believe, is what most graph comprehension theorists call the graph schema. We will describe in some detail exactly what we think a graph schema is in the general discussion. Assuming a graph schema or representation does exist, there appear to be several possibilities as to how the graph schema accounts for our ability to interpret different graph types. First, the schema may be graph specific; each and every graph type may have its own unique mental representation (when we say representation, we mean internal, mental representation). For example, a bar graph may have its own representation and a


The dynamics was studied in a remnant of an Mixed Ombrophyllous Forest (Araucaria Moist Forest), located in Tres Barras National Forest, Tres Barras city, Santa Catarina state, in a period of five years (2004-2009). In 2004, it was installed and measured 26 one-hectare permanent plots, subdivided into 10 m x 50 m (500 m²) subplots. All trees with DBH > 10 cm were numbered and evaluated for the taxonomic diversity, the regular annual increment (dbh and basal area), the ingrowth and mortality. In 2009, all plots were measured again to assess changes between the two periods, and the results presented to the entire forest (26 ha) and the 10 most important species. In 2004, the forest had 721 trees/ ha in 2009 passing for 709 trees/ha, distributed in the two occasions in 72 species, 29 families and 53 genus. There was a mean annual increment in diameter (0.27 cm/year), and in basal area (0.28 m²/ha) for the forest as a whole and among the 10 most important species Ilex theezans Mart. ex Reissek and Piptocarpha angustifolia Dusen ex Malme were the species with the lowest (0.08 cm), and highest (0.83 cm), diametric annual increment, respectively. Considering all species present in the study area, the basal area increased by 0.47m²/ha/year, indicating continued growth to reach their full stock. The average annual mortality rate (AMR) was 2.14% and the annual ingrowth rate (AIR) was 2.01%. Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. had the highest AMR  (1.86%/year) and Cupania vernalis Cambess. the highest AIR (2.18%/year). When considering the 10 most important species, Ocotea porosa (Ness) Barroso presented higher annual increment in diameter (0.43 cm/year) and Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze with higher basal area increment (0.1874 m²/ha/year). Overall, in the five-year period, the results showed small changes in the dynamics of forest and for the 10 most important species. The small changes are due to the late successional stage of the forest evaluated.


The c‐myb proto‐oncogene product (c‐Myb) is a transcriptional activator. Vertebrate c‐Myb is a key regulator of the G1/S transition in cell cycle, while Drosophila Myb (dMyb) is important for the G2/M transition. Here we report that dMyb induces expression of cyclin B, a critical regulator of the G2/M transition, in Drosophila eye imaginal disc. In the wild‐type eye disc, dmyb mRNA was expressed in the stripes both anterior and posterior to the morphogenetic furrow. Ectopic expression of C‐terminal‐truncated dMyb in the eye disc caused ectopic expression of cyclin B and the rough eye phenotype. This rough eye phenotype correlated with prolonged M phase, caused by overexpression of cyclin B. Cyclin B expression was lost in dmyb‐deficient clones. In Schneider cells, the activity of the cyclin B promoter was dramatically reduced by loss of dMyb using the RNA interference method. Mutations of the multiple AACNG sequences in the cyclin B promoter also abolished the promoter activity. These results indicate that dMyb regulates the G2/M transition by inducing cyclin B expression via binding to its promoter.


OBJECTIVE
To examine relationships between penalties assessed by Medicare's Hospital Readmission Reduction Program and Value-Based Purchasing Program and hospital financial condition.

DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, American Hospital Association, and Area Health Resource File data for 4,824 hospital-year observations.

STUDY DESIGN
Bivariate and multivariate analysis of pooled cross-sectional data.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Safety net hospitals have significantly higher HRRP/VBP penalties, but, unlike nonsafety net hospitals, increases in their penalty rate did not significantly affect their total margins.

CONCLUSIONS
Safety net hospitals appear to rely on nonpatient care revenues to offset higher penalties for the years studied. While reassuring, these funding streams are volatile and may not be able to compensate for cumulative losses over time.


Leader-based protocols rest on a primitive able to provide the processes with the same unique leader. Such protocols are very common in distributed computing to solve synchronization or coordination problems. Unfortunately, providing such a primitive is far from being trivial in asynchronous distributed systems prone to process crashes. (It is even impossible in fault-prone purely asynchronous systems.) To circumvent this difficulty, several protocols have been proposed that build a leader facility on top of an asynchronous distributed system enriched with synchrony assumptions. This paper consider another approach to build a leader facility, namely, it considers a behavioral property on the flow of messages that are exchanged. This property has the noteworthy feature not to involve timing assumptions. Two protocols based on this time-free property that implement a leader primitive are described. The first one uses potentially unbounded counters, while the second one (which is a little more involved) requires only finite memory. These protocols rely on simple design principles that make them attractive, easy to understand and provably correct.


Material balance method was one of the pollutant emissions algorithms which were technically prescribed in the sources emissions accounting,but it lacked of deep and comprehensive summary and conclusion so that it was difficult for primary general investigation staff to master.Based on the analysis of problems,combined with the practice of summing up a number of material balance techniques,this paper proposed several measures to enhance the credibility of survey data.


Semiconducting polymers are composed of elongated conjugated polymer backbones and side chains with high solubility and mechanical properties. The combination of these two features results in a high processability and a potential to orient the conjugated backbones in thin films and nanofibers. The thin films and nanofibers are usually composed of highly crystalline (high charge transport) and amorphous parts. Orientation of conjugated polymer can result in enhanced charge transport or optical properties as it induces increased crystallinity or preferential orientation of the crystallites. After summarizing the potential strategies to exploit molecular order in conjugated polymer based optoelectronic devices, we will review some of the fabrication processes to induce molecular orientation. In particular, we will review the cases involving molecular and interfacial interactions, unidirectional deposition processes, electrospinning, and postdeposition mechanical treatments. The studies presented here clearly demonstrate that process-controlled molecular orientation of the conjugated polymer chains can result in high device performances (mobilities over 40 cm2·V−1·s−1 and solar cells with efficiencies over 10%). Furthermore, the peculiar interactions between molecularly oriented polymers and polarized light have the potential not only to generate low-cost and low energy consumption polarized light sources but also to fabricate innovative devices such as solar cell integrated LCDs or bipolarized LEDs.


Abstract Catalytic upgrading of fluid catalytic cracked (FCC) gasoline obtained from Huabei Petrochemical Company, PetroChina (Renqiu, Hebei, China), was investigated using a microreactor and gas chromatograph integrated unit in order to decrease the content of olefins in gasoline and increase the light olefins (ethylene, propylene, and butylene) content. The experimental results showed that the olefin content in upgraded gasoline can be decreased from 42.6% in raw material to nearly 10%, meeting the requirements of the new gasoline standard, whereas iso-alkane and aromatics contents were markedly increased, from 28.4 and 18.2% to 47 and 36.1%, respectively, so the octane number of gasoline should not be reduced. In addition, higher yields of light olefins were obtained after FCC gasoline was reformulated under laboratory conditions. Higher reaction temperature, longer reaction time, higher weight ratio of catalyst to oil, and higher catalyst activity were beneficial to decrease the olefin content of FCC gasoline and increase the yields of light olefins.


In article the essence and substantial characteristics of a sustainable development of rural territories is considered, measures for providing their sustainable development are presented.


Pluralism is in high vogue today, but the ease and enthusiasm with which pluralism is embraced suggests a widespread misunderstanding or naivete about its meaning. Such blithe pluralists often simply equate pluralism with the diversity of interest groups and the toleration of religious differences in modem democratic societies. But such political and ecclesiastical pluraformity is not pluralism. The dispersion of political power and the freedom of religious assembly within non-hierarchical societies usually represent differences and disagreements within a shared commitment to one nation under one God. Pluralism by contrast assumes no such overarching unity or loyalty. Pluralism is the existence of multiple frames of reference, each with its own scheme of understanding and criteria of rationality. Pluralism is the co-existence of comparable and competing positions which are not to be reconciled. Pluralism is the recognition that different persons and different groups quite literally indwell irreducibly different worlds. Little wonder that virtually every study of higher education in the last five years has drawn attention to the lack of serious moral education in the undergraduate curriculum. Allan Bloom's celebrated jeremiad on The Closing of the American Mind and E.D. Hirsch's reader's digest of Cultural Literacy scold the academy for failing to deal with questions of moral value and civic virtue. The Association of American College's 1985 report on redefining the meaning and purpose of baccalaureate degrees identifies values as a necessary element in every student's under-


The packer the is an important downhole tool in the petroleum exploration and development,correct packer selection affects the entire underground work.This paper through studies the temperature and pressure on the packer length effect,establish downhole string mechanic model caused by a variety of mechanical effect,and discusses load and deformation's calculation model about the packer and the pipe string at different positions.


Teaching matrix/vector methods for 3D kinematics and statics to undergraduates is challenging. While the geometric concepts of three-dimensional relative motion (translations and rotations) between rigid bodies can already be hard to understand, there are a lot of different coordinate representations (position vector, rotation matrix, homogeneous transformation matrix, Euler angles, etc. ) each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, these coordinate representations are used in geometric calculations (compositions like adding position vectors, integrating twists, etc.) and each of the coordinate representations has its own calculation rules (composing rotation matrices requires multiplication, while composing position vectors requires addition, etc.). Finally, the coordinate representations have never been standardised such that students are exposed to different notations and different assumptions (for example, a twist six-vector is composed of the angular and linear velocity three-vectors in either this or the reverse order). While teaching we noticed that students make a lot of errors. On the one hand these errors result from a lack of conceptual understanding. On the other hand, since a lot of reasoning and assumptions are made implicitly and do not appear in the notation, students are unaware of them during exercises. The teachers observed that these errors are not only made by students, but also by researchers in robotics, for instance while


have focused on the role played by spatial and ener-getic disorder [2,6–8]. The GDM, for example, describestransport as abiased random walk among dopant moleculeswith Gaussian-distributed random site energies [2]. Of thevarious mechanisms proposed as the source of this disor-der, it has been shown that the interaction of charge carrierswith permanent dipoles (located on either dopant or hostmolecules) can give rise to a Gaussian-like density of statesof the type assumed in the GDM [9,10]. Considerable dataestablishing a relationship between carrier mobilities andgroup dipole moments of molecular constituents supportthis view of charge-dipole interactions as the source of en-ergetic disorder in these systems [9,11–15].Unfortunately, although the standard GDM satisfacto-rily explains many features of experiment, such as thetime-of-flight transients, it displays a field dependencesimilar to (1) only in a relatively narrow range and only atlarge fields (


The ryanodine receptor of Jurkat T lymphocytes was phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon stimulation of the cells via the T cell receptor/CD3 complex. The tyrosine phosphorylation was transient, reaching a maximum at 2 min, and rapidly declined thereafter. In co-immunoprecipitates of the ryanodine receptor, the tyrosine kinases p56 lck and p59 fyn were detected. However, only p59 fyn associated with the ryanodine receptor in a stimulation-dependent fashion. Both tyrosine kinases, recombinantly expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, phosphorylated the immunoprecipitated ryanodine receptor in vitro. In permeabilized Jurkat T cells, GST-p59 fyn , but not GST-p56 lck , GST-Grb2, or GST alone, significantly and concentration-dependently enhanced Ca2+ release by cyclic ADP-ribose. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 specifically blocked the effect of GST-p59 fyn . This indicates that intracellular Ca2+ release via ryanodine receptors may be modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation during T cell activation.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides a valuable and anti-counterfeit products with a luminescent element, has become a single layer or multilayer support material, at least one authenticity determination on or in the support material It means about what is located. In order to enable also a simple visual or any emission conditions of mechanical authenticity testing of security document, according to the present invention, luminescence below the configured layer as authenticity determination means sensing element is provided, the luminescence element, electrically acting from outside, characterized in that it is caused to emit light by optical or mechanical energy source. The luminescence element serves as a background emission for authenticity determination means arranged thereon.


Autonomous creative competence is the key to a construction of a new country.China possesses great potentials of creativity,but certain unequal policies hinder them from development.Therefore,the paper argues that the fair policies serve as a source of motives for the autonomous creativity competence.


Gelatin extracted from the skin of the flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans L,) was characterised and its interaction with cassava starch mixtures of different ratio concentrations was investigated by rheology and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Protein and moisture were the main proximate composition, whilst glycine was the main amino acid. The gelatin had high bloom (275 g) strength with high imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, content of 217/1000 residues. Gelation temperatures increased as more starch is used in the mixtures, ranging from 19.0°C for gelatin to starch ratio 4:1 to 70.1°C for mixture 1:4. Inclusion of cassava starch also increased the elastic modulus of the gelatin phase. Therefore, gelatin from flying gurnard skin has a potential to serve as an alternative source of non-bovine or porcine gelatin for food applications.


Acknowledgments Abbreviations used in the notes Introduction Part I. The New Republic, 1830-1865: 1. The early republic: a sketch 2. The conservative system Part II. From Portales to Montt, 1835-1851: 3. Authoritarians and moderates, 1835-1846 4. The liberal challenge, 1846-1851 Part III. Mid-Century Attitudes: 5. Progress and its instruments 6. Political argument 7. Model republic 8. Looking outward Part IV: Order and Liberty, 1851-1864: 9. The Conservative defection, 1851-1858 10. The triumph of liberty, 1859-1864 Sources Index.


A spectroscopic measurement system has been developed and used for thermal spray applications. The system provides on¬line information of the process and allows the determination of process fluctuations over various time scales. Paper text in German.


Summary Nasendoscope was used for evaluation of the function of the velopharyngeal sphincter in twenty-five cleft palate patients using 4% xylocaine as surface anaesthesia. The pattern of closure and the residual defect in velopharyngeal sphincter during speech is helpful in deciding the treatment plan for velopharyngeal insufficiency such as speech therapy or pharyngoplasty.


This article develops an almost unbiased estimation of coefficient of dispersion by the productive use of coefficient of dispersion of the auxiliary variable in two phase sampling. Expressions for variances of the proposed estimators are obtained up to first order of approximation. The relative comparision of proposed unbiased ratio estimator are compared with navie estimator by using simulated data sets. Thus, we conclude that the suggested imputation methodology is more efficient than traditional estimator.


In our research work, we have designed and simulated a helical antenna which has a excellent bandwidth capacity and circular polarization features. The frequency used in the helix antenna is 2.5GHz and a equivalent gain of 15db is achieved. The simulation of antenna and analyzing the properties is done using FEKO software. The main advantage of this simulation of antenna is, it is used in many GPS applications.


Dilution is a simple and effective method to eliminate non-spectral interferences. The background subtraction method and the interference coefficient method are common methods to eliminate spectral interferences. These three methods are effective especially for phosphorus analysis of environmental water samples. There is no national standard for the determination of phosphorus by ICP-OES method. In this paper,the interference and correction of ICP-OES method detecting total phosphorus is studied. This method is more suitable for rapid analysis of water samples in batch quantity. The detection limits meet the requirement of environmental water sample analysis.


Recently, keyword spotting system is greatly in the limelight as UI(User Interface) technology of ubiquitous home network system. Keyword spotting system is vulnerable to non-stationary noises such as TV, radio, dialogue. Especially, speech recognition rate goes down drastically under the embedded DSP(Digital Signal Processor) environments because it is relatively low in the computational capability to process input speech in real-time. In this paper, we propose a new keyword spotting system using the call-command method, which is consisted of small number of recognition networks. We select the call-command such as 'narae', 'home manager' and compose the small network as a token which is consisted of silence with the noise and call commands to carry the real-time recognition continuously for input speeches.


We have explored for the first time PVDF Immobilon-P membranes, attached to interdigitated capacitor microelectrodes, as 3-D matrixes for the immobilization of antibodies in an interdigitated capacitive immunosensor format. The thick membranes allow distribution of antibodies across the entire region probed by the measuring electric field applied to the microelectrodes. This new approach is an alternative to the use of nanometer electrodes necessary to detect smaller layers of antibodies. As a proof-of-concept, a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) antibody/antigen affinity pair allowed for specific detection of the antigen in blocked membranes containing the antibody. Immobilization of antibody and penetration of antigen inside the PVDF membrane was assessed by fluorescence measurements and by an HRP enzymatic assay, respectively. The new interdigitated capacitive immunosensor was able to discriminate between buffer alone and HRP antigen in buffer, as proven by capacitance measurements.